欧美色欧美亚洲高清在线观看,国产特黄特色a级在线视频,国产一区视频一区欧美,亚洲成a 人在线观看中文

  1. <ul id="fwlom"></ul>

    <object id="fwlom"></object>

    <span id="fwlom"></span><dfn id="fwlom"></dfn>

      <object id="fwlom"></object>

      G20倫敦金融峰會

      時間:2019-05-15 07:10:41下載本文作者:會員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《G20倫敦金融峰會》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《G20倫敦金融峰會》。

      第一篇:G20倫敦金融峰會

      G20倫敦金融峰會

      G20倫敦金融峰會是在國際金融危機持續(xù)擴大蔓延,世界經(jīng)濟陷入嚴重衰退的背景下召開的。

      為應(yīng)對此次全球性的危機,我國一方面及時調(diào)整宏觀經(jīng)濟政策,果斷實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策,形成了進一步擴大內(nèi)需、促進經(jīng)濟增長的一攬子計劃,另一方面以自信和負責任的態(tài)度,積極與國際社會攜手合作,通過雙邊、多邊和地區(qū)性合作等各種渠道,為世界經(jīng)濟盡快走出困境作出積極的貢獻。成果主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面。

      一、闡明了中方應(yīng)對國際金融危機的看法。提出了在當前復(fù)雜多變的國際經(jīng)濟形勢下中國政府始終積極參與應(yīng)對國際金融危機的國際合作,重申中國政府將繼續(xù)同國際社會加強宏觀經(jīng)濟政策協(xié)調(diào),推動國際金融體系改革,積極維護多邊貿(mào)易體制穩(wěn)定,為推動恢復(fù)世界經(jīng)濟增長做出應(yīng)有貢獻。

      二、提出了中方關(guān)于國際金融體系改革的主張。堅持全面性、均衡性、漸進性、實效性的原則,推動國際金融秩序不斷朝公平、公正、包容、有序方向發(fā)展,為此就改革國際金融體系提出六點建議:加強金融監(jiān)管合作,盡快制定普遍接受的監(jiān)管標準和規(guī)范;國際金融機構(gòu)增加對發(fā)展中國家援助;金融穩(wěn)定論壇應(yīng)該發(fā)揮更大作用;國際貨幣基金組織應(yīng)加強和改善對各方特別是對主要儲備貨幣發(fā)行經(jīng)濟體宏觀經(jīng)濟政策的監(jiān)督,尤其應(yīng)加強對貨幣發(fā)行政策的監(jiān)督;改進國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行治理結(jié)構(gòu),提高發(fā)展中國家代表性和發(fā)言權(quán);完善國際貨幣體系。

      三、宣介我國應(yīng)對危機的舉措和取得的初步成效。盡管國際金融危機對中國實體經(jīng)濟的不利影響繼續(xù)顯現(xiàn),但中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基本態(tài)勢和長期向好趨勢沒有發(fā)生根本變化,支撐中國經(jīng)濟持續(xù)較快發(fā)展的根基沒有動搖。面對國際金融危機的沖擊,中國將繼續(xù)堅持對外開放的基本國策,始終不渝奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略。

      四、表明了反對保護主義、關(guān)注發(fā)展問題的鮮明立場。胡錦濤主席呼吁國際社會共同反對歧視外國勞務(wù)人員、提高市場準入門檻、實施貿(mào)易投資保護主義行為和濫用貿(mào)易救濟措施,呼吁有關(guān)國家放寬對發(fā)展中國家不合理的出口限制,主張各國應(yīng)堅守已達成共識,推動世貿(mào)多哈回合談判早日取得全面、均衡成果。峰會成果文件明確呼吁通過世貿(mào)組織等監(jiān)督機制對各國經(jīng)濟刺激計劃進行審議,遏制正在上升的貿(mào)易保護主義,并希望各國堅守此前達成的共識。

      胡錦濤主席承諾中國將進一步支持發(fā)展中國家。

      五、推動了與有關(guān)國家雙邊關(guān)系發(fā)展。胡錦濤主席同奧巴馬總統(tǒng)就中美關(guān)系和共同關(guān)心的重大問題廣泛交換意見,一致同意共同努力建設(shè)21世紀積極合作全面的中美關(guān)系。胡錦濤主席和俄羅斯總統(tǒng)梅德韋杰夫就推進中俄戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系、共同應(yīng)對國際金融危機、加強在國際事務(wù)中的合作達成重要共識。在與英國首相布朗會見時,兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人就應(yīng)對國際金融危機、推動國際金融體系改革、發(fā)展中英關(guān)系達成廣泛共識。此外與法國總統(tǒng)薩科齊、日本首相麻生太郎、巴西總統(tǒng)盧拉等對擴大多邊領(lǐng)域合作達成廣泛共識。

      不足:

      鑒于IMF乃至國際金融體制的不公平性,包括中國在內(nèi)的新興經(jīng)濟體國家對西方國家先前主導(dǎo)的救市大合唱的不積極、不配合,中國的出資份額僅為400億美元。G20峰會的成果對于新興經(jīng)濟體國家而言,僅僅只是初試鋒芒,這只是改革現(xiàn)有國際金融體系、建立國際金融新秩序的第一次有效嘗試。

      建議:

      (1)聯(lián)合各新興經(jīng)濟體國家,以各國向IMF注資以及參與貿(mào)易融資為條件,推選各國人選在IMF、WTO、世界銀行等全球金融管理機構(gòu)中擔任重要職務(wù),在國際金融事務(wù)中取得話事權(quán)。

      (2)聯(lián)合各國控制救市資金的支付進度,避免一次性支付的出現(xiàn),而是采取分次支付、事先嚴格審核國際貨幣基金組織支付用途的做法,盡可能延續(xù)各國在未支付前的主動地位。

      (3)監(jiān)督IMF等國際組織對救市資金的使用情況,尤其要避免救市資金對美國金融投機機構(gòu)的“療傷作用”。

      (4)取得受援國家償債抵押品的管理權(quán),要求IMF在向其受援國提供經(jīng)濟援助時,以有價值的礦產(chǎn)、能源、優(yōu)質(zhì)企業(yè)股權(quán)、部分國家稅收權(quán)等優(yōu)質(zhì)資產(chǎn)作為抵質(zhì)押品。

      另外,穩(wěn)步推進人民幣國際化,為作為未來全球最大經(jīng)濟體的主要貨幣做好準備。

      第二篇:G20倫敦峰會公告全文

      G20倫敦峰會公告全文(附英文全文)

      倫敦首腦會議-領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的聲明

      2009年4月2日.我們的20國集團領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人于2009年4月2日在倫敦召開會議。.我們面臨著現(xiàn)代社會的世界經(jīng)濟最大挑戰(zhàn),自從我們上次會議以來,危機已經(jīng)加深了,從而影響到每一個國家男女老少的生活,所有國家必須攜手進行解決。一場全球性危機,需要全球性的解決方案。.我們開始相信,繁榮是不可分割的;這種增長,如要持續(xù)下去,就需要共享; 我們的全球恢復(fù)計劃其核心必須在勤奮工作家庭的需求和就業(yè),不僅在發(fā)達國家,也在新興市場和世界上最貧窮國家也是如此;我們不能只考慮今天人們的利益,同樣需考慮后代的利益。

      我們相信,建立基于市場原則、有效監(jiān)管和強有力的全球機構(gòu)之上的開放型世界經(jīng)濟,這是可持續(xù)性全球化發(fā)展和所有各國日益繁榮增長的唯一可靠基礎(chǔ)。.因此,我們今天承諾作出一切所必要努力,目的是: 恢復(fù)信心,發(fā)展和就業(yè)機會;

      修復(fù)金融系統(tǒng)以恢復(fù)貸款;

      加強金融監(jiān)管以重建信任;

      為國際金融機構(gòu)積累資金和改革我們的國際金融機構(gòu),以克服這一危機,并防止未來危機;

      促進全球貿(mào)易和投資,并拒絕保護主義,以鞏固繁榮; 建立一個包容性,綠色和可持續(xù)的復(fù)蘇。

      我們將通過聯(lián)手行動來完成上述承諾使世界經(jīng)濟走出衰退并防止這樣的危機再次發(fā)生。

      5.我們今天已經(jīng)達成的協(xié)議有:將國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)的可用資金提高兩倍,至7500億美元;支持2500億美元的最新特別提款權(quán)(SDR)配額;支持多邊發(fā)展銀行(MDB)至少1000億美元的額外貸款;確保為貿(mào)易融資提供2500億美元的支持;利用國際貨幣基金組織已經(jīng)同意的出售黃金儲備的所得資金,為最貧窮國家提供優(yōu)惠融資。這些協(xié)議共同組成了一項1.1萬億美元的扶持計劃,旨在恢復(fù)全球信貸和就業(yè)市場及經(jīng)濟增長。

      在推出上述扶持計劃以前,我們各國政府都已經(jīng)分別采取了各自的措施,這組成了一項龐大的全球經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇計劃,其規(guī)模是史無前例的。

      恢復(fù)增長和就業(yè)機會

      6.我們正在聯(lián)手進行一次從未有過的財政擴張活動,將拯救或創(chuàng)造數(shù)以百萬計的工作崗位;如果不采取這一活動則這些工作崗位將被摧毀。到明年底為止,這一活動總額將達5萬億美元,將全球產(chǎn)值提高4%,并加速向“綠色經(jīng)濟”的轉(zhuǎn)型進程。我們保證將會持續(xù)加大必要的財政擴張規(guī)模以復(fù)蘇經(jīng)濟增長。

      7.各國央行也已經(jīng)采取了異于常規(guī)的行動。大多數(shù)國家已經(jīng)大幅下調(diào)了基準利率,而且各國央行已經(jīng)承諾,只要還有必要,就會一直維持擴張性的貨幣政策,此外還將動用包括非常規(guī)工具在內(nèi)的所有貨幣政策工具以維持物價穩(wěn)定性。.我們的恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟增長的措施,直到我們恢復(fù)國內(nèi)貸款和國際資本流動才會生效。我們已經(jīng)為我們的銀行體系提供了重要的和全面支持 ,如提供流動資金,重組金融機構(gòu)和迅速解決受損資產(chǎn)。我們決心采取一切必要行動,通過金融系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)信貸的正常流動以確保重要機構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的健全性,并按照20國集團的商定框架執(zhí)行我們的政策以恢復(fù)貸款和修復(fù)金融部門。

      9.總體而言,上述行動將組成現(xiàn)代歷史上最大規(guī)模的財政和貨幣刺激計劃,以及最為全面的金融業(yè)扶持計劃。各國聯(lián)手使得這些行動的影響力得以加強,而截至目前為止已經(jīng)宣布的非常政策必須毫無拖延地加以實施。今天,我們已經(jīng)進一步就1萬億美元以上的刺激計劃達成一致,將通過全球金融機構(gòu)和貿(mào)易融資為全球經(jīng)濟注入更多資金。

      10.國際貨幣基金組織上個月預(yù)測,全球?qū)嶓w經(jīng)濟將恢復(fù)增長,到2010年底為止的增長速度將超過2%.我們確信,今天我們同意采取的這些行動,以及我們在維持長期財政可持續(xù)性的同時聯(lián)手恢復(fù)增長和就業(yè)的堅定承諾,將會加快經(jīng)濟回歸增長趨勢的進程。我們今天保證將采取任何必要措施來確保這一成果,并呼吁國際貨幣基金組織定期評估已經(jīng)采取的措施,以及全球各國還需采取哪些措施。.我們有決心確保長期財政可持續(xù)性和物價穩(wěn)定,通過現(xiàn)在必須采取的措施,以支持金融部門和恢復(fù)全球的需求來建立可信的撤出戰(zhàn)略.我們相信通過執(zhí)行我們商定的政策,我們將控制經(jīng)濟的長期成本 ,從而減少在較長時期內(nèi)財政鞏固的必要規(guī)模。12.我們將以合作的、負責任的態(tài)度來實施所有經(jīng)濟政策,顧及這些政策對其他國家的影響,并將取消貨幣貶值的“競賽”,構(gòu)建穩(wěn)定的、運行良好的國際貨幣系統(tǒng)。無論是現(xiàn)在還是將來,我們都將支持由公平、獨立的國際貨幣基金組織對各國經(jīng)濟及金融業(yè)進行監(jiān)管,對一國經(jīng)濟政策對其他國家的影響進行監(jiān)管,以及對全球經(jīng)濟所面臨的風(fēng)險作出評估。加強金融監(jiān)管和調(diào)控

      13.金融業(yè)的重大衰退,以及金融監(jiān)管措施的重大失誤,是導(dǎo)致當前危機的根本原因。在我們重建公眾對金融系統(tǒng)的信任情緒以前,經(jīng)濟信心不會得以恢復(fù)。我們將采取行動為未來的金融業(yè)建立更加強有力的、更加具有全球一致性的監(jiān)管框架,從而對可持續(xù)性的全球增長形成支撐,為企業(yè)和個人的需求服務(wù)。.我們所有人都同意確保在本國推行強有力的監(jiān)管系統(tǒng),同時還同意建立更加具有一致性和系統(tǒng)性的跨國合作,創(chuàng)立全球金融系統(tǒng)所需的、通過國際社會一致認可的高標準監(jiān)管框架。

      加強金融監(jiān)管必須能促進經(jīng)濟繁榮、體制完善和提高透明度;能抵御波及整個金融系統(tǒng)的風(fēng)險;能縮小而非放大金融和經(jīng)濟周期;能降低經(jīng)濟對不適當?shù)娘L(fēng)險融資來源的依賴性;以及能阻止過度的冒險活動。

      監(jiān)管機構(gòu)必須保護個人消費者和投資者、扶持市場紀律、避免對其他國家造成負面影響、減少“監(jiān)管套利”的范圍、支持競爭和動力、以及跟上市場創(chuàng)新的步伐。.為此,我們正在執(zhí)行在上次會議上所確定和商定的措施計劃(附于進度報告中).我們今天還發(fā)表了一項聲明,加強金融體系。我們對如下幾點達成一致意見: 建立一個新的金融穩(wěn)定工作組(FSB),作為金融穩(wěn)定論壇(FSF)的繼任者,這個工作組包括所有20國集團的國家,F(xiàn)SF 成員,西班牙和歐盟委員會。

      FSB 應(yīng)與國際貨幣基金組織合作以警惕宏觀經(jīng)濟和金融風(fēng)險,并提出必要的以解決方案;

      重塑監(jiān)管體系以使各國官方能夠鑒別并考慮到巨大的經(jīng)濟風(fēng)險。

      加強對所有重要的金融機構(gòu)、金融工具和金融市場的監(jiān)管與監(jiān)督。這里首先應(yīng)包括對重要的對沖基金的監(jiān)督與監(jiān)管。

      簽署實施FSF苛刻的有關(guān)支付和補償?shù)男略瓌t,以支持所有公司的可持續(xù)補償計劃和公司對社會采取負責任的態(tài)度。

      采取行動。一旦確認經(jīng)濟將要復(fù)蘇,就應(yīng)改善銀行系統(tǒng)資金的質(zhì)量、數(shù)量和可持續(xù)性。未來,所制定的秩序必須要防止過度的杠桿作用,并在繁榮時期建立資源利用作為緩沖工具。

      采取行動抵抗不合作行為,包括避稅。我們時刻準備著通過制裁,來保護公共財政和金融系統(tǒng)。擁有銀行保密系統(tǒng)的時代已經(jīng)過去了。我們注意到今天經(jīng)合組織發(fā)布了一份關(guān)于全球論壇評估的反對交換稅收信息國際標準的國家的名單。呼吁會計標準制定者與監(jiān)管人員通力合作,以改善評估和準備措施的標準,取得一套具有針對性的高質(zhì)量的全球會計標準。

      加強對信用等級評估機構(gòu)的監(jiān)管與登記體制,確保它們符合國際慣例,特別是要防止不可調(diào)和的利益沖突。

      16.我們要求各國財長按照《行動方案》中的時間表執(zhí)行上述決議。我們已經(jīng)要求金融穩(wěn)定委員會(FSB)和國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)來監(jiān)督進展情況,與金融行動特別小組和其他相關(guān)實體密切協(xié)作,并在11月份在蘇格蘭召開的下一次各國財長會議上提交一份報告。

      加強全世界金融機構(gòu)的力量

      17.作為最近世界增長引擎的新興市場和發(fā)展中國家目前也面臨各種挑戰(zhàn)。這些挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)在增加了全球經(jīng)濟的低迷。為了提高全球的信心和有利于經(jīng)濟的復(fù)蘇,應(yīng)該將資金持續(xù)投入其中。這就需要下大力氣鞏固國際金融機構(gòu),尤其是IMF.因此,我們今天一致同意,通過全球金融機構(gòu)追加8500億美元可用資金,這筆資金將用來為逆周期支出、銀行資本充足、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、貿(mào)易融資、支持國際收支平衡、新債替舊債和社會支持提供資金,從而支持新興市場和發(fā)展中國家的增長。為此目的:

      我們同意立即通過將從成員國融資得到的2500億美元投入到IMF以增加其資源。隨后共同達成一個規(guī)模更大、更加靈活的新的貸款安排,再增加最高5000億美元,并考慮是否有必要向市場舉債。

      我們支持由各多邊開發(fā)銀行(MDB)大幅增加至少1000億美元的貸款,包括向低收入國家提供貸款,并確保所有多邊開發(fā)銀行的安全,包括擁有適當?shù)馁Y本。

      18.這些資源應(yīng)該得到有效和靈活的利用以支持增長,這一點至關(guān)重要。在這一方面,我們贊賞IMF取得的進展,包括它新推出的靈活信貸安排(FCL),以及它對貸款和限制條件框架的改革,這將確保IMF的各種工具能夠有效地解決各國收支平衡融資需要的內(nèi)在問題,尤其是外部資本從銀行和企業(yè)部門回撤的問題。我們支持墨西哥尋求FCL的決定。

      19.我們同意支持一個總的特別提款權(quán)分配安排,此舉將向世界經(jīng)濟注入2500億美元并提高全球流動性,并要求對《第四次修正案》進行緊急修訂。

      20為了讓我們的金融機構(gòu)能夠幫助管理危機并防范未來的危機,我們必須增強它們的長期相關(guān)度、執(zhí)行效力和合法性。因此除了我們今天達成的大幅增加資金來源的協(xié)議,我們還決定對國際金融機構(gòu)進行現(xiàn)代化改革,確保它們能夠在面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)時有效地向成員國和股東提供協(xié)助。我們將改革它們的授權(quán)、規(guī)模和治理,使之適應(yīng)世界經(jīng)濟的變化和全球化的新挑戰(zhàn),同時新興市場和發(fā)展中國家,包括窮國在內(nèi),必須有更大的話語權(quán)和代表權(quán)。要實現(xiàn)這一點,就必須相應(yīng)地通過提高戰(zhàn)略遠見和決策水平來增強這些機構(gòu)的信譽和問責機制。

      出于這一目的: ·我們要堅決執(zhí)行2008年4月達成的IMF配額和話語權(quán)改革的方案,并要求IMF在2011年1月之前完成下一次配額審查。

      ·除此之外,我們同意應(yīng)該考慮給予IMF官員更高的參與度,令其能夠向IMF提供戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)并加強其問責機制。

      ·我們將大力實施2008年10月通過的世界銀行改革方案。我們希望在下一次會議上,即2010年春季會議上,將通過關(guān)于發(fā)言權(quán)和會議代表改革的加速時間表而得到更好的建議。

      ·我們贊同國際金融機構(gòu)的首腦和高級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層一定要履行一個公開、透明的選舉過程; ·根據(jù)IMF和世界銀行的最新報告,我們要求會議主席與G20財長進行廣泛深入的探討,并在下一次會議上向大家報告,以期為提高國際金融機構(gòu)的反應(yīng)速度和適應(yīng)能力進行深入改革。

      21.除了改革我們的國際金融機構(gòu),令其適應(yīng)全球化的新挑戰(zhàn),我們同意在關(guān)于促進經(jīng)濟活動可持續(xù)性的一些關(guān)鍵價值和原則上達成一項全球共識。我們支持就經(jīng)濟活動的可持續(xù)性問題進行討論以期形成一個憲章,并就此在下一次會議上作進一步討論。我們注意到其他一些論壇已經(jīng)開始研究這一問題,希望能夠?qū)?jīng)濟活動可持續(xù)性問題的憲章做進一步研討。

      抵制貿(mào)易保護主義,提高全球貿(mào)易和投資 世界貿(mào)易增長的繁華景氣已經(jīng)支撐了近半個世紀。但如今它所呈現(xiàn)的是25年來首次的衰退。滋生的保護主義者惡化了需求的下降和貿(mào)易信貸的萎縮,重振世界經(jīng)濟和投資對全球發(fā)展是關(guān)鍵的,我們不能重復(fù)以往所采取貿(mào)易保護主義的歷史錯誤。于此結(jié)束:

      為此我們重申在華盛頓許下的承諾:不得針對投資或商品及服務(wù)貿(mào)易設(shè)置新的障礙,不對出口施加新的限制,不得推行違背世貿(mào)組織(WTO)規(guī)則的措施來刺激出口。此外,我們將立即行動糾正已采取的這一類措施。我們決定將上述承諾的期限延長至2010年結(jié)束。

      我們將努力把包括財政政策和支持金融業(yè)行動在內(nèi)的國內(nèi)政策行動對貿(mào)易和投資的任何不利影響降至最低程度。我們不會退而奉行金融保護主義,尤其不能采取限制世界范圍內(nèi)的資本流動--特別是流向發(fā)展中國家的資本--的措施。

      我們將立即把任何這樣的行為通報WTO,我們呼吁WTO和其他國際組織共同在各自職權(quán)范圍內(nèi)監(jiān)督我們履行上述承諾的情況并每個季度予以公布。

      與此同時,我們將采取一切力所能及的行動來促進和推動貿(mào)易及投資,我們將確保在未來兩年中通過出口信貸和投資機構(gòu)及多邊開發(fā)銀行(MDB)至少提供2500億美元的資金來支持貿(mào)易融資。我們還將要求我們的金融監(jiān)管機構(gòu)將必備資本中的可用彈性資金用于貿(mào)易融資。23.我們將繼續(xù)致力于就急需的多哈發(fā)展議程達成一個積極和兼顧各方的協(xié)議,這樣世界經(jīng)濟總量每年至少能增加1500億美元。為達成這一目標,我們承諾將維護議程已取得的進展,其中包括就議程形式所達成的一致。

      24.在今后一段時期,我們將重新關(guān)注這一關(guān)鍵問題,我們將通過持續(xù)不斷的工作和所有相關(guān)的國際會議來推動議程取得進展。

      確保公平和可持續(xù)再生

      25.我們決心不能僅恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟的成長,我們還必須為一個公平和可持續(xù)的世界經(jīng)濟奠定基礎(chǔ)。我們已經(jīng)意識到,當前這場危機對最貧窮國家的沖擊過重,我們共同負有減輕本次危機對社會影響的責任,以求將危機對全球發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ拈L期破壞降至最低限度。

      我們重申我們在千年發(fā)展目標會議上作出的歷史性承諾,我們將致力于履行我們各自的官方發(fā)展援助(ODA)承諾,其中包括促進貿(mào)易援助、債務(wù)減免及格倫伊格斯(Gleneagles)會議上做出的承諾,特別是對撒哈拉以南非洲國家的承諾。

      我們今天已采取的行動和已做出的決定將提供500億美元來支持低收入國家的社會保障、促進貿(mào)易和安全發(fā)展,這是我們在危機中顯著加大對低收入國家和其他發(fā)展中國家以及新興市場扶持力度的一個組成部分。

      我們正在為最貧窮國家的社會保障體系創(chuàng)造可利用的資源,其中包括通過對長期食品安全項目進行投資,以及通過向世界銀行的脆弱性架構(gòu)體系(包括基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施危機機構(gòu)和快速社會反應(yīng)基金)進行的自發(fā)的雙邊捐贈;

      我們已決定借助新的收入模式--即動用IMF出售黃金所產(chǎn)生的更多資源--和結(jié)余資金在未來2至3年中為最貧窮國家再提供60億美元的形式靈活的特惠貸款。我們呼吁IMF在春季會議上就此拿出切實的計劃。

      我們已同意對《償債能力架構(gòu)》的靈活性進行再評估,我們呼吁IMF和世行在國際貨幣金融委員會(IMFC)和發(fā)展委員會的年會上就此作出通報。我們呼吁聯(lián)合國和其他國際機構(gòu)建立一個有效機制,監(jiān)控當前危機對最貧窮和最脆弱國家的影響。

      我們呼吁聯(lián)合國協(xié)同其他國際組織,建立一個有效的機制對金融危機在最貧窮國家和最易受危機侵害的國家所造成的影響實行有效監(jiān)控。

      26.我們對受本次危機影響的人口的數(shù)量和范圍有清醒認識。我們承諾將通過創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會和收入支持措施來幫助那些受到危機影響的人。我們將建立一個對男性和女性均友好的勞動力市場。因此,我們歡迎倫敦就業(yè)會議和羅馬社會峰會發(fā)布的公報和它們所提出的基本原則。我們將借助刺激經(jīng)濟增長、投資于教育和培訓(xùn)來支持就業(yè),通過積極的勞動力市場政策和關(guān)注最弱勢人群來鼓勵用工。我們呼吁國際勞工組織和其他相關(guān)機構(gòu)共同工作,對我們已采取和未來有必要再采取的行動進行評估。27.我們同意以最佳方式使用財政刺激計劃的資金,以達成幫助經(jīng)濟有活力、可持續(xù)且綠色復(fù)蘇的目標。我們將進行變革,轉(zhuǎn)用清潔的節(jié)省資源和低碳排放量的新技術(shù)及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。我們鼓勵多邊開發(fā)銀行(MDB)致力于達成這樣的目標。我們將共同確定和推行構(gòu)建可持續(xù)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的進一步舉措。

      28.我們重申我們在化解氣候不可逆變化威脅方面的承諾,其依據(jù)是各國負有共同但有區(qū)別責任的原則。我們將致力于在2009年12月于哥本哈根召開的聯(lián)合國氣候變化會議上達成協(xié)議。

      履行我們的承諾

      29.我們已承諾共同采取堅決的緊急行動,將以上承諾轉(zhuǎn)化為行動。我們同意在今年底之前再次集會評估我們履行承諾的進展。

      London Summit – Leaders’ Statement 2 April 2009 1.We, the Leaders of the Group of Twenty, met in London on 2 April 2009.2.We face the greatest challenge to the world economy in modern times;a crisis which has deepened since we last met, which affects the lives of women, men, and children in every country, and which all countries must join together to resolve.A global crisis requires a global solution.3.We start from the belief that prosperity is indivisible;that growth, to be sustained, has to be shared;and that our global plan for recovery must have at its heart the needs and jobs of hard-working families, not just in developed countries but in emerging markets and the poorest countries of the world too;and must reflect the interests, not just of today’s population, but of future generations too.We believe that the only sure foundation for sustainable globalisation and rising prosperity for all is an open world economy based on market principles, effective regulation, and strong global institutions.4.We have today therefore pledged to do whatever is necessary to: restore confidence, growth, and jobs;?

      repair the financial system to restore? lending;strengthen financial regulation to rebuild? trust;fund and reform our international financial? institutions to overcome this crisis and prevent future ones;promote global trade and investment and reject? protectionism, to underpin prosperity;and build an inclusive, green, and sustainable? recovery.By acting together to fulfil these pledges we will bring the world economy out of recession and prevent a crisis like this from recurring in the future.5.The agreements we have reached today, to treble resources available to the IMF to $750 billion, to support a new SDR allocation of $250 billion, to support at least $100 billion of additional lending by the MDBs, to ensure $250 billion of support for trade finance, and to use the additional resources from agreed IMF gold sales for concessional finance for the poorest countries, constitute an additional $1.1 trillion programme of support to restore credit, growth and jobs in the world economy.Together with the measures we have each taken nationally, this constitutes a global plan for recovery on an unprecedented scale.Restoring growth and jobs

      6.We are undertaking an unprecedented and concerted fiscal expansion, which will save or create millions of jobs which would otherwise have been destroyed, and that will, by the end of next year, amount to $5 trillion, raise output by 4 per cent, and accelerate the transition to a green economy.We are committed to deliver the scale of sustained fiscal effort necessary to restore growth.7.Our central banks have also taken exceptional action.Interest rates have been cut aggressively in most countries, and our central banks have pledged to maintain expansionary policies for as long as needed and to use the full range of monetary policy instruments, including unconventional instruments, consistent with price stability.8.Our actions to restore growth cannot be effective until we restore domestic lending and international capital flows.We have provided significant and comprehensive support to our banking systems to provide liquidity, recapitalise financial institutions, and address decisively the problem of impaired assets.We are committed to take all necessary actions to restore the normal flow of credit through the financial system and ensure the soundness of systemically important institutions, implementing our policies in line with the agreed G20 framework for restoring lending and repairing the financial sector.9.Taken together, these actions will constitute the largest fiscal and monetary stimulus and the most comprehensive support programme for the financial sector in modern times.Acting together strengthens the impact and the exceptional policy actions announced so far must be implemented without delay.Today, we have further agreed over $1 trillion of additional resources for the world economy through our international financial institutions and trade finance.10.Last month the IMF estimated that world growth in real terms would resume and rise to over 2 percent by the end of 2010.We are confident that the actions we have agreed today, and our unshakeable commitment to work together to restore growth and jobs, while preserving long-term fiscal sustainability, will accelerate the return to trend growth.We commit today to taking whatever action is necessary to secure that outcome, and we call on the IMF to assess regularly the actions taken and the global actions required.11.We are resolved to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability and price stability and will put in place credible exit strategies from the measures that need to be taken now to support the financial sector and restore global demand.We are convinced that by implementing our agreed policies we will limit the longer-term costs to our economies, thereby reducing the scale of the fiscal consolidation necessary over the longer term.12.We will conduct all our economic policies cooperatively and responsibly with regard to the impact on other countries and will refrain from competitive devaluation of our currencies and promote a stable and well-functioning international monetary system.We will support, now and in the future, to candid, even-handed, and independent IMF surveillance of our economies and financial sectors, of the impact of our policies on others, and of risks facing the global economy.Strengthening financial supervision and regulation

      13.Major failures in the financial sector and in financial regulation and supervision were fundamental causes of the crisis.Confidence will not be restored until we rebuild trust in our financial system.We will take action to build a stronger, more globally consistent, supervisory and regulatory framework for the future financial sector, which will support sustainable global growth and serve the needs of business and citizens.14.We each agree to ensure our domestic regulatory systems are strong.But we also agree to establish the much greater consistency and systematic cooperation between countries, and the framework of internationally agreed high standards, that a global financial system requires.Strengthened regulation and supervision must promote propriety, integrity and transparency;guard against risk across the financial system;dampen rather than amplify the financial and economic cycle;reduce reliance on inappropriately risky sources of financing;and discourage excessive risk-taking.Regulators and supervisors must protect consumers and investors, support market discipline, avoid adverse impacts on other countries, reduce the scope for regulatory arbitrage, support competition and dynamism, and keep pace with innovation in the marketplace.15.To this end we are implementing the Action Plan agreed at our last meeting, as set out in the attached progress report.We have today also issued a Declaration, Strengthening the Financial System.In particular we agree: to establish a new Financial Stability Board(FSB)? with a strengthened mandate, as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum(FSF), including all G20 countries, FSF members, Spain, and the European Commission;that the FSB should collaborate with the IMF to? provide early warning of macroeconomic and financial risks and the actions needed to address them;to reshape our regulatory systems so that our? authorities are able to identify and take account of macro-prudential risks;to extend regulation and oversight to all? systemically important financial institutions, instruments and markets.This will include, for the first time, systemically important hedge funds;to endorse and implement the FSF’s tough new? principles on pay and compensation and to support sustainable compensation schemes and the corporate social responsibility of all firms;to take action, once recovery is assured, to? improve the quality, quantity, and international consistency of capital in the banking system.In future, regulation must prevent excessive leverage and require buffers of resources to be built up in good times;to take action against non-cooperative? jurisdictions, including tax havens.We stand ready to deploy sanctions to protect our public finances and financial systems.The era of banking secrecy is over.We note that the OECD has today published a list of countries assessed by the Global Forum against the international standard for exchange of tax information;to call on the accounting standard setters to work? urgently with supervisors and regulators to improve standards on valuation and provisioning and achieve a single set of high-quality global accounting standards;and to extend regulatory oversight and registration to? Credit Rating Agencies to ensure they meet the international code of good practice, particularly to prevent unacceptable conflicts of interest.16.We instruct our Finance Ministers to complete the implementation of these decisions in line with the timetable set out in the Action Plan.We have asked the FSB and the IMF to monitor progress, working with the Financial Action Taskforce and other relevant bodies, and to provide a report to the next meeting of our Finance Ministers in Scotland in November.Strengthening our global financial institutions

      17.Emerging markets and developing countries, which have been the engine of recent world growth, are also now facing challenges which are adding to the current downturn in the global economy.It is imperative for global confidence and economic recovery that capital continues to flow to them.This will require a substantial strengthening of the international financial institutions, particularly the IMF.We have therefore agreed today to make available an additional $850 billion of resources through the global financial institutions to support growth in emerging market and developing countries by helping to finance counter-cyclical spending, bank recapitalisation, infrastructure, trade finance, balance of payments support, debt rollover, and social support.To this end: we have agreed to increase the resources available? to the IMF through immediate financing from members of $250 billion, subsequently incorporated into an expanded and more flexible New Arrangements to Borrow, increased by up to $500 billion, and to consider market borrowing if necessary;and we support a substantial increase in lending of at? least $100 billion by the Multilateral Development Banks(MDBs), including to low income countries, and ensure that all MDBs, including have the appropriate capital.18.It is essential that these resources can be used effectively and flexibly to support growth.We welcome in this respect the progress made by the IMF with its new Flexible Credit Line(FCL)and its reformed lending and conditionality framework which will enable the IMF to ensure that its facilities address effectively the underlying causes of countries’ balance of payments financing needs, particularly the withdrawal of external capital flows to the banking and corporate sectors.We support Mexico’s decision to seek an FCL arrangement.19.We have agreed to support a general SDR allocation which will inject $250 billion into the world economy and increase global liquidity, and urgent ratification of the Fourth Amendment.20.In order for our financial institutions to help manage the crisis and prevent future crises we must strengthen their longer term relevance, effectiveness and legitimacy.So alongside the significant increase in resources agreed today we are determined to reform and modernise the international financial institutions to ensure they can assist members and shareholders effectively in the new challenges they face.We will reform their mandates, scope and governance to reflect changes in the world economy and the new challenges of globalisation, and that emerging and developing economies, including the poorest, must have greater voice and representation.This must be accompanied by action to increase the credibility and accountability of the institutions through better strategic oversight and decision making.To this end: we commit to implementing the package of IMF quota? and voice reforms agreed in April 2008 and call on the IMF to complete the next review of quotas by January 2011;we agree that, alongside this, consideration? should be given to greater involvement of the Fund’s Governors in providing strategic direction to the IMF and increasing its accountability;we commit to implementing the World Bank reforms? agreed in October 2008.We look forward to further recommendations, at the next meetings, on voice and representation reforms on an accelerated timescale, to be agreed by the 2010 Spring Meetings;we agree that the heads and senior leadership of? the international financial institutions should be appointed through an open, transparent, and merit-based selection process;and building on the current reviews of the IMF and? World Bank we asked the Chairman, working with the G20 Finance Ministers, to consult widely in an inclusive process and report back to the next meeting with proposals for further reforms to improve the responsiveness and adaptability of the IFIs.21.In addition to reforming our international financial institutions for the new challenges of globalisation we agreed on the desirability of a new global consensus on the key values and principles that will promote sustainable economic activity.We support discussion on such a charter for sustainable economic activity with a view to further discussion at our next meeting.We take note of the work started in other fora in this regard and look forward to further discussion of this charter for sustainable economic activity.Resisting protectionism and promoting global trade and investment

      22.World trade growth has underpinned rising prosperity for half a century.But it is now falling for the first time in 25 years.Falling demand is exacerbated by growing protectionist pressures and a withdrawal of trade credit.Reinvigorating world trade and investment is essential for restoring global growth.We will not repeat the historic mistakes of protectionism of previous eras.To this end: we reaffirm the commitment made in Washington: to? refrain from raising new barriers to investment or to trade in goods and services, imposing new export restrictions, or implementing World Trade Organisation(WTO)inconsistent measures to stimulate exports.In addition we will rectify promptly any such measures.We extend this pledge to the end of 2010;we will minimise any negative impact on trade and? investment of our domestic policy actions including fiscal policy and action in support of the financial sector.We will not retreat into financial protectionism, particularly measures that constrain worldwide capital flows, especially to developing countries;we will notify promptly the WTO of any such? measures and we call on the WTO, together with other international bodies, within their respective mandates, to monitor and report publicly on our adherence to these undertakings on a quarterly basis;we will take, at the same time, whatever steps we? can to promote and facilitate trade and investment;and we will ensure availability of at least $250? billion over the next two years to support trade finance through our export credit and investment agencies and through the MDBs.We also ask our regulators to make use of available flexibility in capital requirements for trade finance.23.We remain committed to reaching an ambitious and balanced conclusion to the Doha Development Round, which is urgently needed.This could boost the global economy by at least $150 billion per annum.To achieve this we are committed to building on the progress already made, including with regard to modalities.24.We will give renewed focus and political attention to this critical issue in the coming period and will use our continuing work and all international meetings that are relevant to drive progress.Ensuring a fair and sustainable recovery for all

      25.We are determined not only to restore growth but to lay the foundation for a fair and sustainable world economy.We recognise that the current crisis has a disproportionate impact on the vulnerable in the poorest countries and recognise our collective responsibility to mitigate the social impact of the crisis to minimise long-lasting damage to global potential.To this end: we reaffirm our historic commitment to meeting the? Millennium Development Goals and to achieving our respective ODA pledges, including commitments on Aid for Trade, debt relief, and the Gleneagles commitments, especially to sub-Saharan Africa;the actions and decisions we have taken today will? provide $50 billion to support social protection, boost trade and safeguard development in low income countries, as part of the significant increase in crisis support for these and other developing countries and emerging markets;we are making available resources for social? protection for the poorest countries, including through investing in long-term food security and through voluntary bilateral contributions to the World Bank’s Vulnerability Framework, including the Infrastructure Crisis Facility, and the Rapid Social Response Fund;we have committed, consistent with the new income? model, that additional resources from agreed sales of IMF gold will be used, together with surplus income, to provide $6 billion additional concessional and flexible finance for the poorest countries over the next 2 to 3 years.We call on the IMF to come forward with concrete proposals at the Spring Meetings;we have agreed to review the flexibility of the? Debt Sustainability Framework and call on the IMF and World Bank to report to the IMFC and Development Committee at the Annual Meetings;and we call on the UN, working with other global? institutions, to establish an effective mechanism to monitor the impact of the crisis on the poorest and most vulnerable.26.We recognise the human dimension to the crisis.We commit to support those affected by the crisis by creating employment opportunities and through income support measures.We will build a fair and family-friendly labour market for both women and men.We therefore welcome the reports of the London Jobs Conference and the Rome Social Summit and the key principles they proposed.We will support employment by stimulating growth, investing in education and training, and through active labour market policies, focusing on the most vulnerable.We call upon the ILO, working with other relevant organisations, to assess the actions taken and those required for the future.27.We agreed to make the best possible use of investment funded by fiscal stimulus programmes towards the goal of building a resilient, sustainable, and green recovery.We will make the transition towards clean, innovative, resource efficient, low carbon technologies and infrastructure.We encourage the MDBs to contribute fully to the achievement of this objective.We will identify and work together on further measures to build sustainable economies.28.We reaffirm our commitment to address the threat of irreversible climate change, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and to reach agreement at the UN Climate Change conference in Copenhagen in December 2009.Delivering our commitments

      29.We have committed ourselves to work together with urgency and determination to translate these words into action.We agreed to meet again before the end of this year to review progress on our commitments.

      第三篇:G20金融峰會

      We endorse the 2015-16 G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan that will support growth and resilience.Our actions are building cooperation and networks, including to enhance mutual legal assistance, recovery of the proceeds of coruption and denial of safe haven to corrupt officials.We commit to improve the transparency of the public and private sectors, and of beneficial ownership by implementing the G20 High-Level Principles on Beneficial Ownership Transparency.原譯:我們認可并且支持增長和抗風(fēng)險的《2015-16 G20 反腐敗行動計劃》。我們的活動是為了建設(shè)反腐敗合作和網(wǎng)絡(luò),包括加強司法的互相援助,返還腐敗資產(chǎn),拒絕為腐敗官員提供避難所。我們保證提高公共和私營部門的透明度,并且通過落實《G20受益人所有權(quán)透明度高級別原則》,提高受益人所有權(quán)的透明度。

      改譯:我們核準支持增長和抗風(fēng)險的 《2015-2016年G20反腐敗行動計劃》。我們正采取行動建設(shè)反腐敗合作網(wǎng)絡(luò),包括加強司法互助,返還腐敗資產(chǎn),拒絕為腐敗官員提供避罪港。我們承諾提高公共和私營部門的所有權(quán)透明度,并通過落實《G20受益人所有權(quán)透明度高級別原則》,提高受益人所有權(quán)透明度。

      分析:通過對比網(wǎng)上規(guī)范的譯文,我發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己在翻譯政論文中存在的幾個問題“endorse”在這里翻譯為“核準”比較恰當比較符合情景一點;“the 2015-16 G20 Anti-Corruption”這里的“2015-16”表示為“2015年至2016年”,在翻譯時應(yīng)該要注意,這是頒布的一個法令或者一個重要性的決定,一定不能有錯;“safe haven”原意為“安全港”“避難所”“避風(fēng)港”,本是一個褒義詞,但結(jié)合文中情景,是不能對腐敗官員加以包庇,所以此處譯為“避罪港”這個貶義詞比較貼切?!癢e commit to improve the transparency of the public and private sectors”此句不是提高公共和私營部門的透明度,而是提高這些部門所有權(quán)的透明度,為了不讓人把主語弄錯,此處應(yīng)該增譯一個“ownership”所有權(quán),“我們承諾提高公共和私營部門的所有權(quán)的透明度”。20國集團峰會(G20)是一個國際經(jīng)濟合作論壇,該組織的宗旨是為推動已工業(yè)化的發(fā)達國家和新興市場國家之間就實質(zhì)性問題進行開放及有建設(shè)性的討論和研究,以尋求合作并促進國際金融穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)增長。20國集團峰會中各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人說話內(nèi)容必定是精彩絕倫妙語連珠的,當我們在翻譯他們的講話時必須保持一個嚴謹?shù)膽B(tài)度,尊重說話領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的原意,在選擇辭藻時應(yīng)該注意其準確性和精簡性,做到精準有力,因為這甚至關(guān)系到整個國家的命脈,翻譯時一定不能掉以輕心。

      Strengthening global institutions The G20 must be at the forefront in helping to address key global economic challenges.Global economic institutions need to be effective and representative, and to reflect the changing world economy.We welcome the increased representation of emerging economies on the FSB and other actions to maintain its effectiveness.We are committed to maintaining a strong, quota-based and adequately resourced International Monetary Fund(IMF).We reaffirm our commitment in St Petersburg and in this light we are deeply disappointed with the continued delay in progressing the IMF quota and governance reforms agreed in 2010 and the 15th General Review of Quotas, including a new quota formula.The implementation of the 2010 reforms remains our highest priority for the IMF and we urge the United States to ratify them.If this does not happen by year-end, we ask the IMF to build on its existing work and stand ready with options for next steps.原譯:鞏固全球體制

      20國峰會必須將解決關(guān)鍵的全球經(jīng)濟挑戰(zhàn)作為首要解決問題。全球經(jīng)濟體制必須有效并具有代表性,以反應(yīng)世界經(jīng)濟的變化。我們歡迎新興的經(jīng)濟體在國安局以及其他措施上增加有效性來保持它自身的效率。我們努力保持一個強大的、基本限額的并且資源充足的國際貨幣基金組織。我們重申對于在圣彼得堡以及提高國際貨幣組織的份額和政府同意2010年改革和國家份額復(fù)習(xí),包括份額比例。完善2010年改革是優(yōu)化我們在國際貨幣基金組織的權(quán)利,并且敦促美國批準他們。如果沒有發(fā)生在年末,我們將會要求國際貨幣基金組織建立現(xiàn)有的工作并做好選擇的下一步準備。

      改譯:20國集團必須在幫助解決關(guān)鍵的全球經(jīng)濟挑戰(zhàn)的最前沿。全球經(jīng)濟體制,需要有效的代表,以反映世界經(jīng)濟的變化。我們歡迎新興經(jīng)濟體在國安局和其他行動表示增加以保持其有效性。我們致力于保持一個強大的,基于配額的,資源充足的國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)。我們重申在圣彼得堡和在這一點上我們是在進步的國際貨幣基金組織份額和治理改革,同意在2010和第十五的配額總復(fù)習(xí)續(xù)延遲非常失望,我們的承諾,包括一個新的配額公式。這2010個改革的實施仍然是我們的最高優(yōu)先權(quán)的國際貨幣基金組織的,我們敦促美國批準他們。如果這不發(fā)生在年底前,我們要求國際貨幣基金組織建立在現(xiàn)有的工作和準備好下一步的選擇。

      分析:我的譯文沒有過多的修飾,缺少連貫性,詞匯的翻譯不是專業(yè)詞匯;網(wǎng)上的譯文專業(yè)性強,流暢連貫。例如:We are committed to maintaining a strong, quota-based and adequately resourced International Monetary Fund(IMF).我自己翻譯的是:我們努力保持一個強大的、基本限額的并且資源充足的國際貨幣基金組織。而網(wǎng)上的譯文是:我們致力于保持一個強大的,基于配額的,資源充足的國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)。差距顯而易見,我在處理很多專業(yè)詞匯的時候還不夠成熟,把“努力”改成“致力于”,把“基于限額”改成“基于配額”,再備注上(IMF),明顯專業(yè)很多。

      We need a strong trading system in an open global economy to drive growth and generate jobs.To help business make best use of trade agreements, we will work to ensure our bilateral, regional and plurilateral agreements complement one another, are transparent and contribute to a stronger multilateral trading system under World Trade Organization(WTO)rules.These rules remain the backbone of the global trading system that has delivered economic prosperity.A robust and effective WTO that responds to current and future challenges is essential.We welcome the breakthrough between the United States and India that will help the full and prompt implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement and includes provisions on food security.We commit to implement all elements of the Bali package and to swiftly define a WTO work programme on the remaining issues of the Doha Development Agenda to get negotiations back on track.This will be important to restore trust and confidence in the multilateral trading system.We agreed to discuss ways to make the system work better when we meet next year.We will continue to provide aid-for-trade to developing countries in need of assistance.原譯:我們需要一個在開放性全球經(jīng)濟中的強有力的貿(mào)易體系來促進經(jīng)濟的增長和就業(yè)的形成。為了幫助商業(yè)界很好的利用貿(mào)易協(xié)議,我們將確保雙邊、地區(qū)和諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議相互補充和對雙方都透明,并在世界貿(mào)易組織下為更強有力的多邊貿(mào)易體系貢獻力量。這些規(guī)則是保持經(jīng)濟繁榮的全球貿(mào)易體制的支柱。一個能夠?qū)Ξ斍昂臀磥淼奶魬?zhàn)承擔責任的強有力的和高效的世界貿(mào)易組織是非常重要的。我們歡迎美國和印度協(xié)商取得突破性進展,這有助于全面的,迅速的落實貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)議。其中這一進展中也包括了糧食安全條款。我們承諾落實巴厘島一攬子協(xié)議的所有內(nèi)容,并盡快明確世界貿(mào)易組織解決“多哈發(fā)展議程”談判的遺留問題,使談判能夠盡快回到正軌?;謴?fù)信任與自信在多邊貿(mào)易體制中是非常重要的。在明年,我們同意就此問題展開討論使明年的工作更好。我們將想需要援助的發(fā)展中國提供貿(mào)易援助。

      改譯:我們需要一個在開放型世界經(jīng)濟中的強大貿(mào)易體制,以促進經(jīng)濟增長、創(chuàng)造就業(yè)。為幫助工商界更好地利用貿(mào)易協(xié)定,我們將努力保證雙邊、區(qū)域和諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定互為補充、透明,并為在世界貿(mào)易組織規(guī)則內(nèi)建設(shè)更強大的多邊貿(mào)易體制作出貢獻。這些規(guī)則依然是帶來經(jīng)濟繁榮的全球貿(mào)易體制的基石。一個能夠應(yīng)對當前和未來挑戰(zhàn)的、充滿活力、有效的世界貿(mào)易組織十分必要。我們歡迎美國和印度協(xié)商取得的突破,這有助于全面、迅速落實貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定。這一突破也包括了糧食安全條款。我們承諾落實巴厘一攬子協(xié)定所有內(nèi)容,盡快確定世貿(mào)組織解決多哈回合談判遺留問題的工作計劃,以推動談判重返軌道。這對恢復(fù)各方對多邊貿(mào)易體制的信任和信心十分重要。我們將繼續(xù)向需要幫助的發(fā)展中國家提供促貿(mào)援助。

      分析:通過對比網(wǎng)上規(guī)范的譯文,我發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己在翻譯政論文中存在的幾個問題,主要有:

      1、拆句法的運用。例如,第一句We need a strong trading system in an open global economy to drive growth and jobs.正確的譯法是將其分成兩句話,用逗號隔開,使文章讀起來清晰、明了,而我自己的翻譯卻很繁瑣,是文章讀起來繞口。

      2、反義法的運用。在各種翻譯文本中,我們都會運用到反義法,如,在本篇文章中,A robust and effective WTO that responds to current and future challenges is essential.這句話就運用反義法來翻譯的,先將本句中后一部分responds to current and future challenges翻譯出來,在結(jié)合整句話翻譯。

      3、增譯法的運用。增譯法就是使句中缺少的成分在翻譯時補充完整,如在這句話中This will be important to restore trust and confidence in the multilateral trading system.我是這樣翻譯的:恢復(fù)信任與自信在多邊貿(mào)易體制中是非常重要的。這句話是讀者讀起來可能覺著缺少什么東西,或者感覺有點怪。其實這就是我沒有吧缺少的句中成分補充完整的原因。原文是這樣翻譯的:這對恢復(fù)各方對多邊貿(mào)易體制的信任和信心十分重要。這樣讀起來就通順多了。

      4、句中省略的主語通常不知道是哪一個。這一點問題一直是我難以攻克的,很難在句中正確的添加所缺少的主語。如,includes provisions on food security.原文是這樣翻譯的:這一突破也包括了糧食安全條款。而我自己的翻譯則是將“突破”翻譯成“進展”,這在原文理解上可能存在一定的問題。今后會好好改正。

      5、一些關(guān)鍵詞的翻譯不到位。在本篇文章中,agreements我一直翻譯成“協(xié)議”,而原文則翻譯成“協(xié)定”,就我自己而言,協(xié)定似乎比協(xié)議更莊重一點。而在Doha Development Agenda這句話中,我將它翻譯成“多哈發(fā)展議程”,翻譯完后我自己都不能理解這到底是一個什么樣的東西,而原文將其翻譯成“多哈回合談判”,這就是這句話很明了,也就理解了這是一個二次談判。

      6、前后句銜接不通順。在翻譯中,大家往往是一句一句的翻譯,所以是整段話看起來并不銜接,讀起來也不通順。就此,在翻譯此篇文章時我也注意到了這個問題。所以,在翻譯時,我盡量使前后句銜接在一起,但是仍然存在一些問題。今后,為了避免這些問題,我會在翻譯前好好的理解一下文章。

      第四篇:2011金融峰會調(diào)查表

      2011金融投資及民營企業(yè)資本運作策略峰會

      「問卷調(diào)查」

      為令我們更了解投資者的需要及提供更好的服務(wù)。希望閣下填妥以下問卷,謝謝!

      1.您對此次峰會整體安排有何感想/意見?

      □非常滿意 □滿意 □普通 □未如理想 □其它意見:_______________________

      2.吸引您出席此次講座原因?(最多可選擇3項)

      □講座內(nèi)容□主講嘉賓□主辦單位□舉辦地點□其它:_____________

      3.您初次投資股票市場的時間?

      □ 2000年前□2000~2003年 □2003~2006年□2006~2009年□2010年后 □未曾投資股票

      □1萬以下□1萬~10萬□10萬~100萬□100萬以上

      5.廣州證券東莞營業(yè)部詳細地扯?

      □東莞市東城中路君豪商業(yè)中心□東莞市南城區(qū)□東莞市萬江區(qū)□東莞市莞城區(qū)

      6.您最想得到廣州證券哪些特色服務(wù)?

      □投資咨詢服務(wù)□專員跟蹤服務(wù)□信息平臺服務(wù)□投資資金配制

      7.您感興趣的投資領(lǐng)域?(可選擇多項)

      □A股□港股□黃金外匯□房地產(chǎn)□股權(quán)投資□其它

      8.您的最高學(xué)歷是?

      9.您所在企業(yè)的年產(chǎn)值是?

      □100萬以下□100萬~500萬□500萬~1000萬□1000萬~3000萬□3000萬以上

      10.您在企業(yè)的職位是?

      □董事長□總經(jīng)理□總監(jiān)□經(jīng)理□涉及財務(wù)相關(guān)工作請復(fù)選此項

      11.您的工作年限是?

      □3年以下□3~5年□6~10年□10年以上□其它

      12.您未來的職業(yè)發(fā)展方向是?

      □實體企業(yè)職業(yè)經(jīng)理人 □金融行業(yè)□實體企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)業(yè)□合伙制企業(yè)(會計師、律師事務(wù)所)

      13.您或者您所在的企業(yè)在資本運作方面的需求?

      □引入戰(zhàn)略投資人VC/PE□吸引天使投資□增加銀行借貸成功率□上市融資□股權(quán)分置改革

      14.您對國際化(金融、財務(wù))理念的認同度?

      □非常認同□認同□一般□不是很了解□其它

      15.您對以下哪些知識(內(nèi)容)感興趣?(可選擇多項)

      □個人理財規(guī)劃□企業(yè)資本運作□與大師分享交流□投資者經(jīng)驗分享□其它

      16.您或者您所在的企業(yè)有哪些培訓(xùn)需求?(可選擇多項)

      □財務(wù)從業(yè)資質(zhì)類□個人理財規(guī)劃類□專本科、研究生學(xué)歷類□其它

      17.您對以下哪類嘉賓感興趣?

      □宏觀類(郎咸平、吳曉波等)□實戰(zhàn)派(陳瑋、金巖石、李大霄等)□學(xué)術(shù)類(各高等院校教授)

      18.您愿意日后接受我們通過電話或電郵進一步與您聯(lián)絡(luò),并向您介紹相關(guān)資訊或資料?

      □愿意□不愿意

      19.您希望獲得我們定期舉辦的“電子科技大學(xué)東莞研究院”參觀學(xué)習(xí)的免費名額嗎?

      □愿意□不愿意

      個人資料(作領(lǐng)取紀念獎品用)

      姓名:_________________________

      性別: □ 男□ 女移動電話 :________________________電話:_________________電郵地址 :________________________Q Q:_________________□高中□大?!醣究啤醮T士□博士4.您在股市的資金量?

      上述個人資料收集為自愿性質(zhì),閣下可自行決定提供閣下個人資料與否。閣下在此提供的個人資料由東莞市政聯(lián)學(xué)?;驈V州證券東莞營業(yè)部收集,并將會用作東莞市政聯(lián)學(xué)校、廣州證券東莞營業(yè)部作為推廣或宣傳產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)之用途。

      第五篇:金融峰會物料清單

      資本在線第二屆金融峰會

      貫切落實十八屆五中全會提出的五大發(fā)展理念:創(chuàng)新 協(xié)調(diào) 綠色 開放 共享

      標題:筑夢。篤行

      副標題:資本創(chuàng)新之路之二暨搭建互助金融生態(tài)體系 主題:創(chuàng)新、互助、共享 主題分享:我有一個夢

      議程: 1.宣傳片播放 2.主持人上場 3.國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)致詞

      4.資本在線北京公司揭牌儀式 5.公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)致謝 6.“沙畫”表演 7.書法表演

      8.主題分享“我有一個夢” 9.二胡演湊《萬馬奔騰》 10.詩歌朗誦《追夢》

      11.心靈呼喚《我的未來不是夢》 12.全國工商聯(lián)簽約 13.工商聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)致詞 14.女企業(yè)家商會簽約 15.會長致詞

      16.文化產(chǎn)業(yè)商會簽約 17.會長致詞

      18.合作機構(gòu)代表簽約 19.合作機構(gòu)代表《合作分享》 20.歌唱表演

      21.心靈呼喚《千手觀音》 22.集體合唱 23.結(jié)束

      下載G20倫敦金融峰會word格式文檔
      下載G20倫敦金融峰會.doc
      將本文檔下載到自己電腦,方便修改和收藏,請勿使用迅雷等下載。
      點此處下載文檔

      文檔為doc格式


      聲明:本文內(nèi)容由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶自發(fā)貢獻自行上傳,本網(wǎng)站不擁有所有權(quán),未作人工編輯處理,也不承擔相關(guān)法律責任。如果您發(fā)現(xiàn)有涉嫌版權(quán)的內(nèi)容,歡迎發(fā)送郵件至:645879355@qq.com 進行舉報,并提供相關(guān)證據(jù),工作人員會在5個工作日內(nèi)聯(lián)系你,一經(jīng)查實,本站將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權(quán)內(nèi)容。

      相關(guān)范文推薦

        倫敦瑪麗女王大學(xué)金融5篇

        WWW.SLL.CN 倫敦瑪麗女王大學(xué)金融 倫敦大學(xué)瑪麗女王學(xué)院銀行與金融法專業(yè)課程項目將教授你徹底了解全球經(jīng)濟和金融,以及法律規(guī)定領(lǐng)域所需的知識、技能和實踐工具。這種跨學(xué)......

        第六屆中國地產(chǎn)金融年會齊魯峰會

        會盟齊魯 論道泉城 取法圣賢 創(chuàng)舉當世 第六屆中國地產(chǎn)金融年會 齊魯峰會 時間:2010年6月18日 地點:山東 濟南 主辦方:濟南市政府 承辦方: 中國地產(chǎn)金融年會于2005年創(chuàng)始于北......

        海峽兩岸金融峰會工作報告(寫寫幫推薦)

        以下提供一篇工作報告給大家參考!中國金秋經(jīng)貿(mào)洽談會將于9月14日—17日舉行,記者從市政府昨天召開的新聞發(fā)布會上了解到,會各項籌備工作已基本就緒,截止到9月12日,全市已經(jīng)邀請到......

        G20峰會 中國應(yīng)引領(lǐng)綠色金融

        G20峰會 中國應(yīng)引領(lǐng)綠色金融 The Western-backed Multilateral Development Banks(MDBs) are talking a lot about moving ?from billionsto trillions? of dollars to me......

        5 匹茲堡舉行20國金融峰會

        匹茲堡舉行20國金融峰會 (截止于2010.01.17 00:00) 本帖最后由 shakecorr 于 2010-1-18 10:42 編輯 Leadersfrom 20 of the world's leading and emerging economies have open......

        倫敦政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)院 LSE 金融碩士錄取(5篇)

        姓名:汪同學(xué)基本情況:教育背景:國內(nèi)重點高校與英國合作院校, GPA4.0 經(jīng)濟學(xué)相關(guān)專業(yè),4個相關(guān)項目,3個暑假實習(xí)。錄取結(jié)果:LSE Financial Statistics IC MSc Investment & Wealth Ma......

        中宏網(wǎng),2017金融峰會,第二屆中=(模版)

        因為亞游,所以簡單,歡迎來到AG平臺亞游網(wǎng)(AG.NET) 市交通委運輸管理局近日在其ag亞游官網(wǎng)發(fā)布了《關(guān)于優(yōu)化出租ag亞游官網(wǎng)汽車駕駛員從業(yè)資格考試有關(guān)工作的通告》。按照精......

        倫敦奧林匹克運動會

        倫敦奧林匹克運動會 第三十屆夏季奧林匹克運動會將于2012年7月28日在英國倫敦舉行。London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropol......