第一篇：2015年冬季達(dá)沃斯

2015年冬季達(dá)沃斯論壇專題

會(huì)議主題：全球新局勢(shì) 議題內(nèi)容： 增長(zhǎng)與穩(wěn)定 增長(zhǎng)與穩(wěn)定：各國(guó)在遭遇金融危機(jī)后之所以能實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，主要原因是政府采取了擴(kuò)張性的貨幣政策。盡管這個(gè)政策避免了經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰，但是政策上癮或誤用的可能性也隨之增加，比如冒險(xiǎn)過度、資產(chǎn)泡沫擴(kuò)大，以及資本外流導(dǎo)致資產(chǎn)貶值并可能破壞其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體的穩(wěn)定。危機(jī)過后，各經(jīng)濟(jì)體如何才能更有活力、更具包容性和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)抵御力？ 危機(jī)與合作 危機(jī)與合作：新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體不論在地區(qū)還是全球?qū)用娑既找鎻?qiáng)大和自信，因此歷史上的單極與兩極霸權(quán)時(shí)代不會(huì)重演。未來數(shù)十年最有可能出現(xiàn)的國(guó)際格局將是一些更強(qiáng)大、相互依存的各地區(qū)間實(shí)現(xiàn)和諧共存。在全球化去中心化的背景下，世界各國(guó)如何在氣候治理、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全以及國(guó)際貿(mào)易與投資等領(lǐng)域開展必要的合作 ？ 社會(huì)與安全

社會(huì)與安全：政治體制不能適應(yīng)變化的時(shí)候，社會(huì)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)不穩(wěn)定。日益擴(kuò)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等與日漸加劇的兩極分化是一項(xiàng)重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。不論是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，還是新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體都需要找到新的途徑以應(yīng)對(duì)不斷變化的需求，同時(shí)確保維持社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。面對(duì)不確定狀況時(shí)，社會(huì)如何才能避免信任缺乏、兩極分化與動(dòng)蕩不安這一惡性循環(huán) ？ 創(chuàng)新與產(chǎn)業(yè)

創(chuàng)新與產(chǎn)業(yè)：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家越來越擔(dān)憂出現(xiàn)下列狀況，即經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入長(zhǎng)期停滯，儲(chǔ)蓄無法轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)性投資。其中的原因非常復(fù)雜，各行業(yè)的大型企業(yè)雖然獲取了利潤(rùn)卻未能推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，因而招致越來越多的批評(píng)。數(shù)據(jù)表明，推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新和就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的主要?jiǎng)恿Σ⒎谴笮推髽I(yè)，而是中小企業(yè)。在此背景下，哪些行業(yè)、模式和戰(zhàn)略能夠推動(dòng)未來創(chuàng)新與增長(zhǎng)

李克強(qiáng)達(dá)沃斯特別致辭：中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)要邁向中高端水平

國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間21日下午在瑞士達(dá)沃斯出席世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇2015年年會(huì)全會(huì)，并發(fā)表題為《維護(hù)和平穩(wěn)定，推動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)改革，培育發(fā)展新動(dòng)能》的特別致辭。

李克強(qiáng)表示，當(dāng)今世界充滿不確定性也孕育希望，需要探討應(yīng)對(duì)全球新局勢(shì)的新思路。面對(duì)復(fù)雜的國(guó)際局勢(shì)，中國(guó)主張要維護(hù)和平穩(wěn)定，有效和公認(rèn)的國(guó)際秩序必須維護(hù)而不是打破，否則繁榮發(fā)展無從談起。面對(duì)多元的世界文明，中國(guó)主張要促進(jìn)和諧相處，不同文化、宗教和人民之間都應(yīng)相互尊重、包容互鑒。面對(duì)多變的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，中國(guó)主張要推動(dòng)開放創(chuàng)新，各國(guó)在根據(jù)國(guó)情制定自身政策的同時(shí)，也要加強(qiáng)國(guó)際宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，共同反對(duì)保護(hù)主義，擴(kuò)大區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作。國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)大力推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，形成全球創(chuàng)新合力，打造全球價(jià)值鏈，迎接新科技革命到來，培育世界發(fā)展新動(dòng)能。

李克強(qiáng)說，當(dāng)前，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，增長(zhǎng)由高速轉(zhuǎn)向中高速，有世界經(jīng)濟(jì)深度調(diào)整的大背景，也有內(nèi)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律。2014年面對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力，中國(guó)沒有采取強(qiáng)刺激，而是力推強(qiáng)改革，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行保持在合理區(qū)間。2015年要頂住經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力，繼續(xù)保持戰(zhàn)略定力，實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，同時(shí)注重預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)和定向調(diào)控，既穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)著力提升經(jīng)濟(jì)質(zhì)量和效益。中國(guó)正在采取一系列措施有效防范債務(wù)、金融等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)“硬著陸”。

李克強(qiáng)指出，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)要長(zhǎng)期保持中高速增長(zhǎng)，邁向中高端水平，要對(duì)傳統(tǒng)思維“說不”，為創(chuàng)新體制“叫好”，關(guān)鍵要推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，增加消費(fèi)，改善收入分配和民生福祉。中國(guó)發(fā)展?jié)摿薮?，?huì)給世界帶來新機(jī)遇。

李克強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)要實(shí)現(xiàn)“雙中高”，必須用好政府和市場(chǎng)這“兩只手”，開啟“雙引擎”。一是打造新引擎，推動(dòng)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新，釋放民智民力，增進(jìn)大眾福祉，實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值，推動(dòng)社會(huì)縱向流動(dòng)，促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義。二是要改造傳統(tǒng)引擎，重點(diǎn)是擴(kuò)大公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)供給，補(bǔ)齊“短板”，政府要加大財(cái)政投入，同時(shí)加大投融資、價(jià)格體制改革，積極動(dòng)員社會(huì)力量參與，要深化財(cái)稅、金融等體制改革，加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管，建立公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境。

李克強(qiáng)表示，中國(guó)將促進(jìn)貿(mào)易投資自由化便利化，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大服務(wù)業(yè)、中西部地區(qū)和資本市場(chǎng)開放。大力推動(dòng)“一帶一路”建設(shè)，鼓勵(lì)中國(guó)企業(yè)“走出去”，與各國(guó)在相互開放中實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展。中國(guó)將全面深化改革，著力推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，用好兩大引擎助力中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)“雙中高”發(fā)展。國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)堅(jiān)守和平穩(wěn)定的底線，秉持開放包容的理念，激活改革創(chuàng)新的動(dòng)力，攜手開創(chuàng)更加美好的未來。

李克強(qiáng)：中國(guó)樓市的剛需是長(zhǎng)期的

在回答關(guān)于當(dāng)前中國(guó)改革重點(diǎn)的問題時(shí)，李克強(qiáng)表示，中國(guó)正全面深化改革。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的最大動(dòng)力來自于人民對(duì)美好生活的追求和改革開放。2015年，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域改革，首要任務(wù)是處理好政府和市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系。我們將進(jìn)行程度更深、領(lǐng)域更廣的行政審批制度改革，更多激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力，營(yíng)造公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。我們將推進(jìn)財(cái)稅和金融重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域改革，全面公開財(cái)政預(yù)算，將財(cái)政投入更多投向公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)領(lǐng)域。推動(dòng)普惠金融發(fā)展，扶持中小銀行、民營(yíng)銀行，發(fā)展多層次資本市場(chǎng)，使企業(yè)杠桿率通過資本市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展、通過直接融資逐步降低。我們將繼續(xù)構(gòu)建開放型體制，探索準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單管理模式，擴(kuò)大服務(wù)業(yè)對(duì)外開放，進(jìn)一步放寬外資準(zhǔn)入。中國(guó)歡迎外國(guó)投資者。

在回答關(guān)于中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的問題時(shí)，李克強(qiáng)表示，當(dāng)前，中國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)了一些波動(dòng)。但中國(guó)的城鎮(zhèn)化正在穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，潛力巨大。中國(guó)政府將加大城市棚戶區(qū)和城市危房改造力度，保障困難群眾的基本住房需求，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)全體人民住有所居。中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的剛性需求是長(zhǎng)期的，并將帶動(dòng)國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)行業(yè)和產(chǎn)品供給，房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)在一段時(shí)期內(nèi)出現(xiàn)調(diào)整也是正常的。中國(guó)政府高度關(guān)注影子銀行問題并采取了相應(yīng)措施，努力將影子銀行納入監(jiān)管范圍。中國(guó)政府有能力確保不發(fā)生區(qū)域性、系統(tǒng)性的金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

在回答關(guān)于中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化政策舉措的問題時(shí)，李克強(qiáng)表示，中國(guó)已宣布計(jì)劃2030年左右二氧化碳排放達(dá)到峰值，并將非化石能源占一次能源消費(fèi)比重提高到20%左右。對(duì)中國(guó)這個(gè)13億人口的發(fā)展中國(guó)家來說，這需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。中國(guó)下一步將努力降低化石能源特別是煤炭能源在整體能源消耗中的比重，同時(shí)努力推進(jìn)清潔煤技術(shù)，希望發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家向中國(guó)出口更多清潔煤技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品。中國(guó)作為發(fā)展中大國(guó)，將積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、保護(hù)環(huán)境，責(zé)無旁貸，但主張“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”。我們將盡己所能，在發(fā)展中保護(hù)，在保護(hù)中發(fā)展，走綠色低碳的發(fā)展道路，但這需要一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的過程。

在回答關(guān)于中國(guó)融入全球金融市場(chǎng)的問題時(shí)，李克強(qiáng)表示，中國(guó)的金融和中國(guó)的發(fā)展一樣，越來越開放。我們正根據(jù)自身實(shí)力、經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及全球金融市場(chǎng)需求，有序推進(jìn)跨境貿(mào)易人民幣(6.2482, 0.0007, 0.01%)結(jié)算、跨境投資人民幣使用、離岸人民幣業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展，既促進(jìn)中國(guó)自身的發(fā)展，適應(yīng)世界金融體系和市場(chǎng)的改革與發(fā)展，同時(shí)也為維護(hù)世界金融體系穩(wěn)定作出貢獻(xiàn)。

他以滑雪三要素速度、平衡、勇氣作比，表示對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)而言，就是要主動(dòng)適應(yīng)新常態(tài)，保持中高速度的增長(zhǎng)，平衡好穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)和調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系，以壯士斷腕的勇氣推進(jìn)改革。

針對(duì)今年的改造重點(diǎn)，李克強(qiáng)表示已經(jīng)確定為包括中西部鐵路、水利工程、各類棚戶區(qū)和城鄉(xiāng)危房改造等重點(diǎn)投資領(lǐng)域。

第二篇：溫總理2009冬季達(dá)沃斯論壇演講節(jié)選

尊敬的施瓦布主席，女士們，先生們，朋友們：

我首先在中國(guó)牛年到來的時(shí)候給大家拜年。牛年象征著勤勞、奉獻(xiàn)和富足，我衷心祝愿我們這個(gè)世界在牛年經(jīng)濟(jì)得以復(fù)蘇和發(fā)展，人民幸福安康。

我很高興出席世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇2009年年會(huì)，并發(fā)表特別致辭。首先，我要感謝施瓦布主席的盛情邀請(qǐng)和周到安排。本屆年會(huì)意義特殊，在歷史罕見的國(guó)際金融危機(jī)之中，各國(guó)政要、企業(yè)家和專家學(xué)者聚集在這里，圍繞“重塑危機(jī)后的世界”這一主題，共同探討維護(hù)國(guó)際金融穩(wěn)定、促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的舉措，探索全球綜合治理之道，既有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，也體現(xiàn)了會(huì)議舉辦者的遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)。各方面熱切期盼從這里聽到富有智慧的聲音，凝聚戰(zhàn)勝危機(jī)的力量。我們有責(zé)任向世界傳遞信心、勇氣和希望。我預(yù)祝本屆年會(huì)取得成功!

我們正在經(jīng)歷的這場(chǎng)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)，使世界經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入上世紀(jì)大蕭條以來最困難的境地。各國(guó)和國(guó)際社會(huì)紛紛采取積極應(yīng)對(duì)措施，對(duì)提振信心、緩解危機(jī)、防止金融體系崩潰和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)深度衰退起到了重要作用。這場(chǎng)危機(jī)的原因是多方面的。主要是：有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)體宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策不當(dāng)、長(zhǎng)期低儲(chǔ)蓄高消費(fèi)的發(fā)展模式難以為繼;金融機(jī)構(gòu)片面追逐利潤(rùn)而過度擴(kuò)張;金融及評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)缺乏自律，導(dǎo)致風(fēng)險(xiǎn)信息和資產(chǎn)定價(jià)失真;金融監(jiān)管能力與金融創(chuàng)新不匹配，金融衍生品風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不斷積聚和擴(kuò)散?！俺砸粔q，長(zhǎng)一智。”我們必須從中認(rèn)真吸取教訓(xùn)，正確處理儲(chǔ)蓄與消費(fèi)的關(guān)系，金融創(chuàng)新與金融監(jiān)管的關(guān)系，虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)與實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系，從根本上找到化解危機(jī)之策。

坦率地說，這場(chǎng)危機(jī)對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)也造成較大沖擊，我們正面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。主要是：外部需求明顯收縮，部分行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩，企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難，城鎮(zhèn)失業(yè)人員增多，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)下行的壓力明顯加大。

中國(guó)作為一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的大國(guó)，在危機(jī)中采取了積極負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度。我們把擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)有效需求特別是消費(fèi)需求作為促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的基本立足點(diǎn)。及時(shí)調(diào)整宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策取向，果斷實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，迅速出臺(tái)擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求的十項(xiàng)措施，陸續(xù)制定和實(shí)施一系列政策，形成了系統(tǒng)完整的促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的一攬子計(jì)劃。這個(gè)計(jì)劃包括：

一是大規(guī)模增加政府支出和實(shí)施結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅。中國(guó)政府推出了總額達(dá)4萬億的兩年計(jì)劃，規(guī)模相當(dāng)于2007年中國(guó)GDp的16%。

主要投向保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、生態(tài)環(huán)保等方面的建設(shè)和地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建，這里既有“十一五”規(guī)劃內(nèi)加快實(shí)施的項(xiàng)目，也有根據(jù)發(fā)展需要新增的項(xiàng)目。這個(gè)計(jì)劃經(jīng)過了科學(xué)論證，在資金保證上作了周密的安排，其中中央政府計(jì)劃投資1.18萬億元，并帶動(dòng)地方和社會(huì)資金參與建設(shè)。中國(guó)政府還推出了大規(guī)模的減稅計(jì)劃，主要是全面實(shí)施增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型，出臺(tái)中小企業(yè)、房地產(chǎn)交易相關(guān)稅收優(yōu)惠政策等措施，取消和停征100項(xiàng)行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)，一年可減輕企業(yè)和居民負(fù)擔(dān)約5000億元。

二是大頻度降息和增加銀行體系流動(dòng)性。中央銀行連續(xù)5次下調(diào)金融機(jī)構(gòu)存貸款利率，其中一年期存、貸款基準(zhǔn)利率累計(jì)分別下調(diào)1.89和2.16個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，大幅度減輕企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)。連續(xù)4次下調(diào)存款準(zhǔn)備金率，大型金融機(jī)構(gòu)累計(jì)下調(diào)2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，中小型金融機(jī)構(gòu)累計(jì)下調(diào)4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，共釋放流動(dòng)性約8000億元，使商業(yè)銀行可用資金大幅增加。我們還出臺(tái)一系列金融促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的政策措施，擴(kuò)大貸款總量，優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，加大對(duì)“三農(nóng)”、中小企業(yè)等方面的金融支持。

三是大范圍實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃。我們抓住機(jī)遇全面推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化升級(jí)，制定汽車、鋼鐵等重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的調(diào)整和振興規(guī)劃，既著眼于解決企業(yè)當(dāng)前存在的困難，又致力于產(chǎn)業(yè)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展。采取有力措施，推進(jìn)企業(yè)兼并重組，淘汰落后產(chǎn)能，發(fā)展先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步和技術(shù)改造，支持企業(yè)廣泛應(yīng)用新技術(shù)、新工藝、新設(shè)備、新材料，調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，開發(fā)適銷對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品，提高生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)水平。我們不斷完善和落實(shí)金融支持政策，健全信用擔(dān)保體系，放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，支持中小企業(yè)發(fā)展。

四是大力度推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)改造。加快實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，特別是16個(gè)重大專項(xiàng)，突破一批核心技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)，為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在更高水平上實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科技支撐。推動(dòng)發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)群，創(chuàng)造新的社會(huì)需求，培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。

五是大幅度提高社會(huì)保障水平。我們加快完善社會(huì)保障體系，繼續(xù)提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，提高失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金和工傷保險(xiǎn)金的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提高城鄉(xiāng)低保、農(nóng)村五保等保障水平，提高優(yōu)撫對(duì)象撫恤和生活補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。今年，中央財(cái)政用于社會(huì)保障和就業(yè)的資金投入增幅將大大高于財(cái)政收入的增幅。

我們積極推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，力爭(zhēng)用三年時(shí)間基本建成覆蓋全國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)的基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度，初步實(shí)現(xiàn)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，預(yù)計(jì)三年內(nèi)各級(jí)政府將為此投入8500億元。我們堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育，正在制度國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期教育改革和規(guī)劃發(fā)展綱要。

今年將進(jìn)一步提高農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育公用經(jīng)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加大對(duì)家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生的資助，提高中小學(xué)教師待遇，繼續(xù)促進(jìn)教育公平和優(yōu)化教育結(jié)構(gòu)。我們實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。特別是出臺(tái)了大學(xué)畢業(yè)生和農(nóng)民工就業(yè)的各項(xiàng)措施，進(jìn)一步開辟公益性就業(yè)崗位，千方百計(jì)減緩金融危機(jī)對(duì)就業(yè)的影響。

總的看，這些重大政策措施，注重標(biāo)本兼治、遠(yuǎn)近結(jié)合、綜合協(xié)調(diào)、相互促進(jìn)，把擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求、調(diào)整振興產(chǎn)業(yè)、推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新、加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障結(jié)合起來，把增加投資和刺激消費(fèi)結(jié)合起來，把克服當(dāng)前困難和促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展結(jié)合起來，把拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和改善民生結(jié)合起來，對(duì)于動(dòng)員全社會(huì)力量共同應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)，起到了關(guān)鍵性作用。

當(dāng)前中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)總體上是好的。經(jīng)過努力，在戰(zhàn)勝兩場(chǎng)突如其來的特大自然災(zāi)害的同時(shí)，2008年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持了平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)9%，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格基本穩(wěn)定;糧食連續(xù)5年豐收，總產(chǎn)量達(dá)到5.28億噸;城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè) 1113萬人，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入持續(xù)增加;金融體系穩(wěn)健運(yùn)行，銀行體系流動(dòng)性和信貸資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量保持在較好水平。作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中大國(guó)，中國(guó)把自己的事情辦好，有利于提振對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的信心，有利于減緩國(guó)際金融危機(jī)擴(kuò)散蔓延趨勢(shì)，有利于增加中國(guó)的進(jìn)口和對(duì)外投資，拉動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，給其他國(guó)家提供更多發(fā)展機(jī)遇和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，對(duì)維護(hù)國(guó)際金融穩(wěn)定和促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

Fifth, substantially raise the level of social security.We have accelerated the improvement of social safety net.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas, welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support and the special allowances and assistance to entitled groups.This year, the central budget for social security and employment will increase at a much higher rate than the growth of the overall fiscal revenue.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.It is estimated that governments at all levels will invest RMB 850 billion for this purpose.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.This year, we will increase public funds for compulsory education in rural areas, offer more financial support to students from poor families and improve the well-being of middle and primary school teachers so as to promote equity in education and optimize the educational structure.We are using every possible means to lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.We are following a more active employment policy.In particular, we have introduced various policy measures to help college graduates and migrant workers find jobs and provided more government-funded jobs in public service.These major policy measures as a whole target both symptoms and root causes, and address both immediate and long-term concerns.They represent a holistic approach and are mutually reinforcing.They are designed to address the need to boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, encourage scientific innovation and strengthen social security.They are designed to stimulate consumption through increased investment, overcome the current difficulties with long-term development in mind, and promote economic growth in the interest of people's livelihood.These measures can mobilize all resources to meet the current crisis.China's economy is in good shape on the whole.We managed to maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth in 2008 despite two unexpected massive natural disasters.Our GDp grew by 9 percent.CpI was basically stable.We had a good grain harvest for the fifth consecutive year, with a total output of 528.5 million tons.Eleven million and one hundred and thirty thousand new jobs were created in cities and towns.Household income in both urban and rural areas continued to rise.The financial system functioned well and the banking system kept its liquidity and credit asset quality at a healthy level.When China, a large developing country, runs its affairs well, it can help restore confidence in global economic growth and curb the spread of the international financial crisis.It will also help increase China's imports and outbound investment, boost world economic growth and create more development and job opportunities for other countries.Steady and fast growth of China's economy is in itself an important contribution to global financial stability and world economic growth.

第三篇：李克強(qiáng)在2015年冬季達(dá)沃斯論壇致辭全文

中金網(wǎng)01月22日訊，2015年冬季達(dá)沃斯論壇于1月20-24日在瑞士達(dá)沃斯舉辦。本屆年會(huì)主題是“全球新局勢(shì)”。

中華人民共和國(guó)總理李克強(qiáng)在達(dá)沃斯論壇發(fā)表特別致辭。

以下是致辭全文：

李克強(qiáng)：尊敬的施瓦布主席，尊敬的各位貴賓、女士們、先生們、朋友們，我很高興，五年以后又來到達(dá)沃斯，站在這個(gè)講臺(tái)上致辭！

更有幸的是今天上午在工作之余，我登上的達(dá)沃斯小鎮(zhèn)附近的山頂，從那里俯瞰達(dá)沃斯，達(dá)沃斯的確是一個(gè)美麗、寧?kù)o、安詳?shù)男℃?zhèn)。但是，我們現(xiàn)在所處的世界并不平靜，甚至不安寧。我們需要應(yīng)對(duì)新的局勢(shì)，昨天晚上施瓦布先生告訴我，達(dá)沃斯曾經(jīng)是治療肺部疾病的療養(yǎng)圣地，因?yàn)楸P尼西林發(fā)明、推廣和普及，達(dá)沃斯的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型了。他從肺部上升到了腦部，這里已經(jīng)成為世界腦力風(fēng)暴智力的中心之一。我們需要新的盤尼西林來應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際局勢(shì)的新的挑戰(zhàn)。世界遠(yuǎn)非太平，地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)，局部沖突，以及恐怖主義襲擊，確實(shí)是此起彼伏，對(duì)于人類社會(huì)構(gòu)成了現(xiàn)實(shí)的威脅。全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇又乏力，主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體的走勢(shì)、分化，大宗商品的價(jià)格反復(fù)波動(dòng)，通縮緊縮的跡象可以說是雪上加霜。

不少人對(duì)世界前景抱著悲觀的情緒，認(rèn)為和平和安寧出了問題，發(fā)展也難見曙光，有哲人說過，當(dāng)問題出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，不能用曾經(jīng)制造問題的辦法去解決它。老問題的解決，不能再?gòu)膶?duì)抗、仇恨封閉中謀答案，新問題的答案更要在合作、協(xié)商中找出路，我們要吸取歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，利用時(shí)代的智慧，尋求各方利益的最大公約數(shù)。人類在艱難的時(shí)刻總是能激起突破困境的勇氣，迸發(fā)出變革、創(chuàng)新的力量。面對(duì)復(fù)雜的國(guó)際局勢(shì)，我們主張要堅(jiān)定維護(hù)和平、穩(wěn)定，堅(jiān)守和平穩(wěn)定的底線。

環(huán)球微觀察http://）

環(huán)球微觀察http://004km.cn/qiye/

第四篇：溫總理2009冬季達(dá)沃斯論壇演講問答部分

溫總理2009冬季達(dá)沃斯論壇演講問答部分

國(guó)際氣候公約

the united nation’s framework convention on climate change 京都議定書

kyoto protocol 化學(xué)需氧量

COD 節(jié)能減排

saving energy, reducing pollution 碳吸附

carbon capture 熱電廠 power plant 高耗能工業(yè) energy intensive industries 不良貸款率NPL(non performance Loan)ratio

Q: I thank you have sent me a revelation for everybody, particularly for your comprehensive, holistic approach.I also would say it couldn’t be a better message as a beginning of our deliberations, send you a message of confidence, cooperation and hope.I hope this message will penetrate our discussions over the next days.We have time for one or two questions before pm leaves us.Pm, you have certainly shown us how confident we can be about the methods taken by your country to renounce the economy.You have presented the figure of 9% growth for last year, and of course you know there are quite some speculations about the growth rate in 2009 and there are different forecasts.Could you share with us what your opinion is and what the minimal growth rate would be in order to maintain social coherence in your country? A: 眾所周知，這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)給中國(guó)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了沖擊，去年經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)9%，但是第四季度經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)只有8%，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)下行的壓力在增大。在種情況下，我們提出今年經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)要保證在8%左右，這是必要的，也是通過努力可以完成的。

As we all know the INF has inflicted a rather big impact on the Chinese real economy.Last year our growth rate was 9%, but in the forth quarter of 2008, the growth rate was only 8%.The Chinese economy now is under mountain down-ward pressure.Under such circumstance, we have set the target of about 8%t for the year of 2009.We think it is a necessary target and also an attainable target through hard work.坦率的說，今年經(jīng)濟(jì)要實(shí)現(xiàn)8%的目標(biāo)是異常困難的。但是，我們經(jīng)過努力還是可以達(dá)到的，其理由是我們有比較穩(wěn)健的金融體系。我常喜歡用數(shù)字說話，中國(guó)的金融體系在這次的危機(jī)中直接受到的損害比較小。由于我們推進(jìn)金融體制改革，特別是建立現(xiàn)代銀行體制，幾家大的銀行不良貸款率大約只占2.5%，而資本充足率都已超過巴塞爾規(guī)定的8%。我還想舉一個(gè)例子，就是，從12月下旬中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)可以看到一些復(fù)蘇的跡象。雖然是很小的，但是它帶來了希望。比如，11月份，我們新增貸款是4千億人民幣，12月份是7千億元，今年前20天達(dá)到9千億元。

To be honest, it will be a tall order to achieve a growth rate of 8% in Chinese economy in the year of 2009, but I still hold the conviction that through hard work we will be able to attain this goal.The reasons of my confidence are the following: we have a fairly stable and steady financial system in china.I like using figures to strengthen my argument.In the process of international financial crisis, the direct impact of the financial crisis on Chinese financial system is a limited one.Thanks to the reform of the financial system in China, in particular our reform in the banking sector, the NPL ratios of all big banks in China were just 2.5%, and the capital adequacy ratio in major Chinese banks was more than 8% as required by the Basel agreement.I can give you another example.From late last December, we have seen signs of recovery in Chinese economy.These signs are small ones, but they give me hope.For example, in last November the increase in Chinese loans were 400 billion Yuan, the figure for last December was 700 billion, and for the first 20 days of the new year 2009, the figure stood at 900 billion.一些工業(yè)品的價(jià)格開始回升。企業(yè)庫(kù)存和港口積壓的貨物開始減少。12月份的規(guī)模以上的工業(yè)增加值比11月份增長(zhǎng)了0.3%。

Prices of major industrial products have started to pick up.The inventories of businesses as well as commodities held up at various ports have been reducing.The added value of major industries of large scales in China increased by 0.3% in last December against the previous month.消費(fèi)在物價(jià)不斷下降的情況下還保持著的20%到21%的增長(zhǎng)。就那春節(jié)這一天，我們比去年同比增長(zhǎng)了21%。

In spite of falling commodity prices in China, the consumption has maintained a growth of 20-21%.Take the first day of the Chinese lunar New Year as an example;consumption grew by 21% verses the same time of previous year.中國(guó)有巨大的儲(chǔ)蓄。大約有46萬億，其中居民儲(chǔ)蓄就在以上。

China has massive savings, we have a savings of about 46 trillion RMB Yuan, among which 20 trillion Yuan belong to household or individual savings.中國(guó)正處在工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化的進(jìn)程當(dāng)中，特別是存在著地區(qū)差別和城鄉(xiāng)差別。如果你到農(nóng)村去看，可以用一句通俗的話，就是多少東西也填不滿。

China is in a process of rapid industrialization and urbanization;there is still gap between the countryside and the urban areas as well as different regions in China.If you pay a visit to the rural area in China, one can see things, if put in a plain way, that no matter how many resources you have, you can never meet the needs and demands there.為了實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的目標(biāo)，我們必須出手要快，出拳要重，措施要準(zhǔn)，工作要實(shí)，也就是把問題抑制在萌芽狀態(tài)。

To achieve the target of economic growth, we have said for ourselves as I said, we must take prompt, forceful, targeted and effective measures, in order to nip all the problems at its bud.Q: Pm, one last question.You have included into your areas which require international cooperation climate change.Now climate change will be a major issue during this meeting here.Can you enlighten us how china internationally not concerning its own internal policy will contribute to solve or to alleviate the global challenge of climate change?

溫總理，最后一個(gè)問題是有關(guān)氣候變化的問題。剛才您也談到應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化需要國(guó)際合作，我想氣候變化這個(gè)議題也將是2009年達(dá)沃斯年會(huì)的一個(gè)重要的主題。我想了解中國(guó)政府如何為國(guó)際社會(huì)成功應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化作出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。

A: 中國(guó)是國(guó)際氣候變化公約和京都議定書的參加者。我們將高度重視并且為氣候變化貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量。大家知道在制定十一五規(guī)劃的時(shí)候，我們已經(jīng)把節(jié)能減排作為約束性指標(biāo)。

China is a party to the united nation’s framework convention on climate change and the kyoto protocol.We take the issue of climate change very seriously and will continue to contribute our share in meeting the challenge of climate change.As you know, in formulating our eleventh five year program for economic and social development, we have already set 93 targets for ourselves in terms of saving energy, and reducing pollution.要求單位GDP能耗每年降低4%，5年降低20%。同時(shí)，化學(xué)需氧量要減少2%?？梢愿嬖V大家，經(jīng)過3年的努力，今年我們已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)目標(biāo)。

In the eleventh five year plan, we have set the target of reducing the per unit GDP consumption by 4% every year, that is a total 20% in 5 years.We already set the target of reducing COD by 2% and I can tell you that with 3 years’ hard work, we have already met the targets.我們還要實(shí)現(xiàn)碳吸附的技術(shù)，特別是對(duì)于熱電廠以及高耗能的一些工業(yè)要嚴(yán)格限制二氧化碳的排放。

We will continue to use technologies of carbon capture, in particular we will continue to force strict restrictions on the discharge of CO2 from Co fired power plants and

energy intensive industries.中國(guó)政府知道自己的責(zé)任，就是一方面要保持經(jīng)濟(jì)的平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，另一方面要保護(hù)好環(huán)境實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排的目標(biāo)。我們必須這樣做，不僅對(duì)自己的國(guó)家負(fù)責(zé)，而且對(duì)全球負(fù)責(zé)。

The Chinese government knows its responsibilities full well.We know that we need to on the one hand maintain steady and fairly fast economic growth and on the other hand protect the environment and meet the targets of energy conservation and reducing pollution.That’s what we must do as we are being responsible not only to our country but to people around the world.Q: Pm, you have here many American friends, what will be your message to the new American administration?

溫總理，今天在座的聆聽您演講的有很多美國(guó)的朋友，您對(duì)美國(guó)新政府有什么信息要傳遞？ A：我方才已經(jīng)講了，在奧巴馬當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)以后，胡錦濤主席和我隨即向他發(fā)了賀電表示祝賀并且希望兩國(guó)政府盡快加以接觸。

Shortly after Obama was elected as the new president of the United States, President Hu Jintao and I sent him messages of congratulations and expressed our interests in having early contacts with the new American administration.中美建交30年來，實(shí)踐證明，合則兩利，斗則具傷，我們已經(jīng)確立了要建立建設(shè)性的合作(伙伴)關(guān)系。

What happened in the past three decades of mutual diplomatic recognition between china and United States has shown that a peaceful and harmonious bilateral relationship between these two countries will make both winners;well, a confrontational one will make both losers.And we have reached the agreement of building and developing a constructive and cooperative(partnership)relationship.繼續(xù)保持中美兩國(guó)關(guān)系的平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展不僅有利于兩國(guó)和兩國(guó)人民，也有利于整個(gè)世界，因?yàn)閮蓢?guó)的關(guān)系已經(jīng)超過了兩國(guó)的范疇。

To maintain continued, steady and healthy growth of china and U.S.relations is not only in the interests of both countries and two peoples but also in the interest of the world, as the bilateral relationship between china and U.S.has already gone beyond a bilateral scope.在當(dāng)前應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)的時(shí)候，我們需要加強(qiáng)合作。

In meeting the challenge of the international financial crisis, it is imperative for the two countries to enhance cooperation.這就是我向美國(guó)政府發(fā)出的聲音。

That is my message to the U.S.administration.(完)巴塞爾協(xié)議（Basel agreement）：是國(guó)際清算銀行成員國(guó)的中央銀行在瑞士的巴塞爾達(dá)成的若干重要協(xié)議的統(tǒng)稱。其實(shí)質(zhì)是為了完善與補(bǔ)充單個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管體制的不足，減輕銀行倒閉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與代價(jià)，是對(duì)國(guó)際商業(yè)銀行聯(lián)合監(jiān)管的最主要形式，并且具有很強(qiáng)的約束力。

《京都議定書》（英文：Kyoto Protocol，又譯《京都協(xié)議書》、《京都條約》；全稱《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架的京都議定書》）是《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》（United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change，UNFCCC）的補(bǔ)充條款。是1997年12月在日本京都由聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約參加國(guó)三次會(huì)議制定的，為各國(guó)的二氧化碳排放量規(guī)定了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即：在2008年至2012年間，全球主要工業(yè)國(guó)家的工業(yè)二氧化碳排放量比1990年的排放量平均要低5.2％。其目標(biāo)是“將大氣中的溫室氣體含量穩(wěn)定在一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)乃?，進(jìn)而防止劇烈的氣候改變對(duì)人類造成傷害”。

化學(xué)需氧量(chemical oxygen demand COD): 廢水、廢水處理廠出水和受污染的水中，能被強(qiáng)氧化劑氧化的物質(zhì)（一般為有機(jī)物）的氧當(dāng)量。在河流污染和工業(yè)廢水性質(zhì)的研究以及廢水處理廠的運(yùn)行管理中，它是一個(gè)重要的而且能較快測(cè)定的有機(jī)物污染參數(shù)，常以符號(hào)COD表示。

第五篇：達(dá)沃斯英文介紹

The World Economic Forum(WEF), based in Geneva, is an international non-governmental organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging leaders in partnerships to shape global, regional and industrial agendas.The forum, initially known as the European Management Forum, was founded in 1971 by Klaus M.Its agenda now includes the most pressing problems facing the world, ranging from political, military and security concerns, to bilateral and regional issues.Since 1979, China has maintained good cooperative relations with the World Economic Forum.China's leaders participated and delivered speeches in the annual meeting on many occasions.They included Premier Li Peng, Vice Premier Zhu Rongji, Li Lanqing and Wu Bangguo successively.between 1992 and 2000, and Vice Premier Huang Ju, Zeng Peiyan, State Councilor Hua jianmin and Premier Wen jiabao.China has dispatched delegations to the regional economic summits organized by the World Economic Forum since 1993.Between 1981 and 2006, the World Economic Forum, in collaboration with China Enterprise Confederation, convened an “International Senior Management Symposium” in China(renamed the “China Business Summit” in 1996), which was suspended after the “Summer Davos” Forum was held in China in 2007.Usually the World Economic Forum convenes an annual meeting in Davos at the beginning of each year, so it is also called the “Davos Forum”.Klaus Schwab, Chairman of the World Economic Forum, raised the idea of a “Summer Davos China” in 2005.The Beijing representative office of the World Economic Forum was set up in June, 2006, and was the first representative body established outside Switzerland.The World Economic Forum has convened its Annual Meeting of the New Champions(“Summer Davos” Forum)each year since 2007, aiming to create a platform for “enterprises expanding globally” to discuss and share experiences with well-established enterprises.The first “Summer Davos” Forum was held in Dalian in September, 2007 with the same theme of the 2007 Davos Annual Meeting –“Changing the power equilibrium”.In September, 2008, the second Summer Davos Forum was held in Tianjin with the theme of the “Next round of growth”.In September, 2009, the third Summer Davos Annual Meeting was held in Dalian with the theme of “Relanching growth”.Premier Wen Jiabao attended the opening ceremony of the three forums and delivered speeches.In addition, the World Economic Forum lays stress on cooperation with Chinese enterprises.By September, 2009, the number of Chinese enterprises becoming members of the World Economic Forum had exceeded 60.The 2012 Summer Davos Forum, referred to as the “Wind vane of the world's economy”, was held in Tianjin from Sept 11 to 13.The number of guests set a new record.The elite and politicians from all over the world ran a brainstorming session with the theme of “molding the economy in the future”.On September 11, 2013, the Seventh Summer Davos Forum was opened in Dalian.Premier Li Keqiang attended the forum and delivered a special address.Edited by Wang Yifei and Brian Anthony Salter The Annual Meeting of the New Champions Schwab, Chairman of the World Economic Forum, raised the idea of a “Summer Davos China” in 2005.In September, 2008, the second Summer Davos Forum was held in Tianjin with the theme of the “Next round of growth”.The 2014 Summer Davos has brought about the concept of “Green Transportation, Green Theme activities, Green Dining, Green Accommodation, and Green Souvenirs”.The World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of the New Champions, also known as the Summer Davos Forum, will be held in Dalian, Liaoning Province, from Wednesday until Friday.This year's event will be on the theme of “Mastering Quality Growth.” About 1,500 participants from 90countries and regions are expected to show up during the three-day forum.