第一篇：初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

對(duì)于剛上初一的同學(xué)來(lái)說，英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)常有“剪不斷，理還亂”的感覺。整體來(lái)說，在初中的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，會(huì)涉及很多很細(xì)小的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。很多同學(xué)會(huì)因?yàn)槭韬龆３７稿e(cuò)誤，需要提醒的一點(diǎn)是這些細(xì)小的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)往往就是中考的考點(diǎn)。所以，我們將初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)作如下梳理：

一、48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)及26個(gè)英文字母的正確書寫

要熟練掌握元音和輔音，5個(gè)元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）,字母的正確占格及單詞間距。

二、be動(dòng)詞的用法

be動(dòng)詞有三種變形，分別是：am, is, are。記憶口訣：

“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”；單數(shù)全都用is，復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。

三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式（主格和賓格）

1、三種人稱：第一人稱（I, we），第二人稱（you, you），第三人稱（he, she, it, Maria）。

2、人稱代詞的主格，即人稱代詞位于句子主語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài)：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。

3、人稱代詞的賓格，即人稱代詞位于句子賓語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài)：me, us, you, you, him, her, it。

4、形容詞性物主代詞：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。

5、名詞性物主代詞：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。

6、反身代詞：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。

四、基數(shù)詞（表示數(shù)量多少的詞，大致相當(dāng)于代數(shù)里的自然數(shù)）

zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句

1、一般疑問句：能用Yes或No來(lái)回答的問句。一般疑問句句尾讀升調(diào)。

2、特殊疑問句：不能用Yes或No來(lái)回答的問句。特殊疑問句句尾讀降調(diào)。

六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)

可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。

1、規(guī)則變化：

1）一般情況直接在詞尾加“-s ”，如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等；

2）以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞，要在詞尾加“-es ”，如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等；

3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加“-es ”，如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等；

4）部分以f(e)結(jié)尾的詞，變f(e)為“ves ”，如：knife-knives, half-halves等；

5）以o結(jié)尾的詞，加“-s ”或“-es ”，如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣：除了“英雄”hero外，凡是能吃的，加“-es ”，不能吃的加“-s ”。

2、不規(guī)則變化：

1）改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等； 2）單、復(fù)同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等； 3）其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等。

3、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

A.數(shù)的區(qū)別：可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式一般是在其后加上-(e)s。不可數(shù)名詞只有單數(shù)形式，而沒有復(fù)數(shù)的變化。

B.量的表達(dá)區(qū)別：可數(shù)名詞前可用a(n)及數(shù)詞來(lái)表示其量，也可借助于其它的可數(shù)名詞，用of介詞來(lái)表示其量，此時(shí)，表示量的可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)變化，表示事物的可數(shù)名詞本身則必須用復(fù)數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞前則不可用a(n)及數(shù)詞來(lái)表示其量，只可借助于其它可數(shù)名詞，表示量的可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化，不可數(shù)名詞沒有數(shù)的變化。

C.修飾詞的差異：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可用some, any來(lái)修飾，表示“一些”之意，而表示“很多”之意時(shí)，可數(shù)名詞(復(fù)數(shù)形式)前應(yīng)用many或a lot of；不可數(shù)名詞(只可用單數(shù)形式)前應(yīng)用much 或a lot of。詢問可數(shù)名詞的量用how many, 而詢問不可數(shù)名詞的量則應(yīng)用how much。

七、簡(jiǎn)單句的成分及主謂一致原則

最基本構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)，其中謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。主謂一致原則，就是句子的謂語(yǔ)要始終與主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)量上的一致性。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)（簡(jiǎn)稱“三單”）時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)非“三單”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用原形。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變“三單”的規(guī)則如下：

1）一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“-s ”，如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等；

2）以字母s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加“-es ”，如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等；

3）以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞一般加“-es ”，如：do-does, go-goes等；

4）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，再加“-而是”，如：fly-flies, carry-carries等；5）have的三單形式是has。

八、冠詞的用法（名詞前面必須要有冠詞）

冠詞分為定冠詞（the）和不定冠詞（a, an）兩種。

a(n)為不定冠詞，它常用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示不確定的人或事物。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞、數(shù)字、字母、符號(hào)等前；an用在以元音音素開頭的詞前。the為定冠詞，可用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示確定的人或事物。不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是：

不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量”，而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量”。

九、助動(dòng)詞（do, does）的用法

只有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)才涉及使用助動(dòng)詞。以like為例：

1）當(dāng)句子為肯定句時(shí)不涉及使用助動(dòng)詞，只涉及“主謂一致”原則。eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.2）當(dāng)句子為否定句時(shí)，要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱來(lái)決定使用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“三單”時(shí)，要使用does;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“非三單”時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句： Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.They like sports.------They don't like sports.3）當(dāng)句子變疑問句時(shí)，同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句：

Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music?

Yes, they do./ No, they don't.十、名詞所有格

注意名詞所有格的用法。有生命事物名詞的所有格應(yīng)在其后加上's。方法：

A.單數(shù)名詞在其后直接加's。

B.以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在其后加上’, 而不可加's。C.以非s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,需在其后加上's。

D.表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人共有某個(gè)人或某個(gè)事物時(shí),只需將最后一個(gè)名詞變?yōu)樗懈?前面的各個(gè)名詞無(wú)需變?yōu)樗懈瘛?/p>

E.表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人分別有某人或某物時(shí),各個(gè)名詞均需變?yōu)樗懈裥问健Ｗ⒁猓罕硎緹o(wú)生命事物的名詞一般應(yīng)用of介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)構(gòu)成其所有格。例如：

1、Kangkang's books；Tom and Helen's desk;Ann's and Maria's bikes;

2、用of表示“......的”，但要從of后往of前翻譯：a book of mine（我的一本書）

3、have與of的區(qū)別：

have一般表示“主動(dòng)擁有”，往往用于有生命的人或動(dòng)物；無(wú)生命的物體一般不能“主動(dòng)擁有”，表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)要用of。例如：

I have a new bike.She has two big eyes.a door of the house

十一、課本中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2 1）問候語(yǔ)：

Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you?---Just OK, thank you.How are you?---Not bad, thanks.Hi!Hello!

How do you do? 2）道別用語(yǔ)：

Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.（meet用于初次見面，see用于熟人間）Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye.Byebye.Bye.See you(later/ tomorrow/ next time)!So long!Good night!3）介紹人或者物的句型：This is...4）Excuse me.與I'm sorry.的區(qū)別：

Excuse me.是要引起對(duì)方的注意，而I'm sorry.則是向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?）詞組be from = come from in English

5）當(dāng)問句中問到this/ that時(shí)，回答要用it；問到these/ those時(shí)，要用they來(lái)回答。例如： What's this in English?----It's an eraser.What are those?----They are books.6）對(duì)Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.7）look the same = have the same looks give sth.to sb.= give sb.sth.be like = look like

in the tree/ on the tree（樹上結(jié)的、長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的用on，否則用in）in red（穿著紅色的衣服）

in the desk（在空間范圍之內(nèi)）in English（用英語(yǔ)）help sb.do sth.8）both與all的區(qū)別：

both表示“兩者都......”；all表示“三者及以上都......”。

十二、2、Unit 3——Unit 4 1）speak的用法

speak與say不同：speak表示“說”的動(dòng)作，不表示“說”的內(nèi)容；say則表示“說”的內(nèi)容。speak后面除了能接“語(yǔ)言”外，不能直接接?xùn)|西，后面加了to則表示“對(duì)......說”。help sb.with sth.（幫助某人做/補(bǔ)習(xí)......）want to do sth.（想要做某事）would like to do sth.not...at all（一點(diǎn)都不）；Not at all.（沒關(guān)系/別介意）like...a lot = like...very much 2）some和any的區(qū)別：

口訣：some用于肯定句，否定、疑問變any。例如： I have some money.I don't have any money.Do you have any money?

3）have a seat = take a seat（請(qǐng)隨便坐）4）祈使句（表示命令或請(qǐng)求的句子）

祈使句一般都省略了主語(yǔ)You，所以其否定句直接用Don't開頭。例如： Don't go there!5）問職業(yè)：

What does sb.do? What is sb.? What's sb.'s job?

6）work與job的區(qū)別：

work是未必有報(bào)酬的“工作”，例如homework, housework；而job則一定是有報(bào)酬的“工作”。7）on指在物體的表面，不論這個(gè)面是否水平的，例如： on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground 8）in hospital（住院）；in the hospital（在醫(yī)院里）look after（照料/照顧/照看）help oneself（請(qǐng)自便/隨便吃）

9）表示“建議”的句型：“做某事如何？” What about(doing)sth.?（英式英語(yǔ)）How about(doing)sth.?（美式英語(yǔ)）Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?

10）“吃”一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper take one's order be kind to sb.11）try on這個(gè)詞組可合可分：名詞可以放在這個(gè)詞組的中間或后面，但代詞只能放在詞組的中間。

12）在口語(yǔ)中往往用take表示“買”。13）how many與how much的區(qū)別：

how many + 可數(shù)名詞；how much + 不可數(shù)名詞

14）What do you think of...? 是詢問對(duì)方對(duì)某事物的看法； How do you like...? 是問對(duì)方對(duì)某事物喜歡的程度。think about（考慮）

Thank you all the same.（即使對(duì)方?jīng)]能幫上忙，也要禮貌道謝）Thanks.= Thank you.（thank作為動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)使用。）15）one與it的區(qū)別：

當(dāng)上下文說的是同一種類事物時(shí)，任意一個(gè)可以用one來(lái)代替；如果上下文所說的是同一個(gè)事物時(shí)則用it。例如： Ann ：I have a yellow bag.Jane ：I have a green one.Tom ： Hey, Mike.Where is your bike? Mike ： Look, it's over there.16）倒裝句 Here you are.Here it is.17）be free（有空/免費(fèi)）

forget to do sth.（忘了去做某事）forget doing sth.（忘了做過某事）

What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...? 18）go + v.-ing結(jié)構(gòu)的含義：為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某目的才去的。例如： go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等

19）have to do sth.（非主觀因素，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素，“不得不去做某事”）must 則表示主觀愿望 20）fly a kite = fly kites be free = have time 21）時(shí)間的表述

當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r(shí)間大于0分、小于等于30分鐘時(shí)，用“分鐘”past“小時(shí)”。例如： 8：23——twenty-three past eight

當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r(shí)間大于30分鐘、小于60分鐘時(shí)，用“剩余的時(shí)間”to“下一個(gè)整點(diǎn)”。例如： 8：49——eleven to nine

當(dāng)然，還可以直接按照小時(shí)、分鐘去讀出時(shí)間，例如： 8：23——eight twenty-three;8:49——eight forty-nine

整點(diǎn)則在數(shù)詞后加“-o'clock”，例如：8：00——eight o'clock 在鐘點(diǎn)前介詞要用at.22）句型“該干某事了?！保篒t's time to do sth.= It's time for sth.例如：該吃午飯了.It's time to have lunch.= It's time for lunch.23）注意同義詞或形近詞的辨析

a, an和one;no和not;excuse me和sorry;it's和its;who和what;look like和look the same;let's和let us;good, nice;fine, well和all right;look和look at;see和watch;and和or;family, house和home;with和and;what, which和who;one和it;whose和who's;put on, wear和in;other和else;say, speak, talk和tell;get和get to等。24）反義詞、同義詞、同音詞 反義詞/對(duì)應(yīng)詞

yes-no morning-afternoon on-under plus-minus student-teacher open-close this-that new-old young-old these-those same-different black-white woman-man sit down-stand up light-dark boy-girl down-up light-heavy here-there after-before short-tall father-mother go-come right-wrong brother-sister ask-answer big-small child-parent take-bring aunt-uncle husband-wife dad-mum son-daughter

同音詞

two-too-to his-he’s our-hour are-r there-their why-y no-know where-wear

同義詞/近義詞

be in=at home mr-mister hi-hello look-see fine-well desk-table 初一英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

[第一類] 名詞類

1.這些女老師們?cè)诟墒裁?

[誤] What are the woman teachers doing?

[正] What are the women teachers doing?

[析] 在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)一名詞作定語(yǔ)修飾另一名詞(單或復(fù)數(shù)形式)時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)的名詞一般要用其單數(shù)形式;但當(dāng)man，woman作定語(yǔ)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式men，women.2.房間里有多少人?

[誤] How many peoples are there in the room?

[正] How many people are there in the room?

[析] people作“人、人們”解時(shí)，是個(gè)集合名詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。

3.我想為我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。

[誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.[析] 表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí)，常用“a / an或數(shù)詞 +表量的可數(shù)名詞 + of + 不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)，其中當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時(shí)，表量的可數(shù)名詞要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。

[第二類] 動(dòng)詞類

4.你妹妹通常什么時(shí)候去上學(xué)?

[誤] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

[析] 借助助動(dòng)詞do(或does)構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句時(shí)，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用其原形。

5.琳達(dá)晚上經(jīng)常做作業(yè)，但今晚她在看電視。

[誤] Linda often do her homework in the evening，but this evening she watching TV.[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening，but this evening she is watching TV.[析] 在初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)階段，我們接觸到了兩種主要時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常和often，usually，sometimes 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中，若主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由be(am / is / are)+ ving形式構(gòu)成。

這雙鞋是紅色的。

[誤] This pair of shoes are red.[正] This pair of shoes is red.[析] 在shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses等表示成雙成對(duì)的衣物或工具名詞前用pair(表計(jì)量)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)決定。[第三類] 代詞類

7.這張票是她的，不是我的。

[誤] This is hers ticket.It’s not my.[正] This is her ticket.It’s not mine.[析] 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞之后一定要接名詞，而名詞性物主代詞之后不需接任何詞。

8.吳老師教我們英語(yǔ)。

[誤] Miss Wu teaches our English.[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.[析] teach sb.sth.中的sb.作teach的賓語(yǔ)，因此當(dāng)sb.為人稱代詞時(shí)要用其賓格形式。[第四類] 介詞類

9.你能找到這個(gè)問題的答案嗎?

[誤] Can you find the answer of this question?

[正] Can you find the answer to this question?

[析] 英語(yǔ)中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有the key to the door，the way to the zoo等。

10.格林先生星期六上午來(lái)這里。

[誤] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.[析] 表示在上午、下午等時(shí)，介詞要用in;而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時(shí)，介詞要用on.11.那個(gè)穿著紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。

[誤] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.[析] 用介詞表示“穿戴衣物”時(shí)，只能用in，其他介詞沒有此用法。

[第五類] 副詞類

12.莉莉，你為什么不回家呢?

[誤] Lily，why don’t you go to home?

[正] Lily，why don’t you go home?

[析] come，go 等后接here，there，home等地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)，地點(diǎn)副詞前不加to。

[第六類] 連詞類

13.我喜歡語(yǔ)文和英語(yǔ)，但我不喜歡體育和歷史。

[誤] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.and history.[正] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.or history.[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之間用and來(lái)連接;而在否定句中，并列成分之間的連接需用or。

[第七類] 冠詞類

14.乘飛機(jī)去北京花了史密斯一家人一個(gè)小時(shí)。

[誤] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.[析] 1.表示“……一家人”用結(jié)構(gòu)“the + 姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”;

2.our 一詞的第一個(gè)字母不發(fā)音，它是以元音音素開頭的，所以“一小時(shí)”要用 an hour;

3.用介詞by表示“乘坐”某種交通工具時(shí)，交通工具名詞前不加任何冠詞。

[第八類] 句法類

15.――你不是學(xué)生嗎? ――不，我是學(xué)生。

[誤] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No，I am.[正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes，I am.[析] 對(duì)否定疑問句的回答是用Yes還是用No，這取決于實(shí)際情況：如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用Yes表“不”;如果事實(shí)是否定的，就用No表“是的”。

第二篇：初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

一、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——詞法

1、名詞

A）名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes，三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如：baby-babies,2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來(lái)詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員

九）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

2、代詞

項(xiàng)目人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞 人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性

第一人稱單數(shù) I

me

my mine

myself

復(fù)數(shù) we

us

our ours

ourselves

第二人稱單數(shù)you

youyour yours

yourself

復(fù)數(shù)you

youyour yours

yourselves

第三人稱單數(shù) she

her

her

hers

herself

He

him

his

his

himself itit itsits this that

itself

復(fù)數(shù)

they them their theirs these those themselves

3、動(dòng)詞

A）第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：

一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has B）現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下： 一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下： 一）一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如： greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest

二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母＋1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/well– better-best many/much-more-most bad/ill – worse worst little-less-least

old-older/elder-oldest/eldest

far-farther/further-farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)

first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——句式 1.陳述句肯定陳述句

a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))

否定陳述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句 肯定祈使句

a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句

a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you?

c)Does she like salad?

d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答:

a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.三、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有： Be 動(dòng)詞：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為 sb be v-ingsth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.四、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——介詞用法： 1)具體時(shí)間前介詞用at。

He gets up at half past seven every day.他每天七點(diǎn)半起床。She goes to bed at eleven o’clock.她十一點(diǎn)睡覺。

2)表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短語(yǔ)中用介詞in，且定冠詞the不能省略； 表示“在中午，在夜里”的短語(yǔ)中介詞用at，不加冠詞。in the morning在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上 at noon在中午，at night在夜里 3)表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短語(yǔ)用介詞on。

What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么？

Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有時(shí)你星期五晚上出去吃飯嗎？ He watches DVDs on Saturday night.星期六晚上他看DVD。4)在this, last, next, every等詞前面既不加介詞，也不用冠詞。What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么？

He visits his grandma every Friday.他每個(gè)星期五都去看望祖母。She is going to Shanghai next Monday.她下個(gè)星期一去上海。

第三篇：人教版初一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?

一．短語(yǔ)：．be from = come from來(lái)自于----2． live in 居住在---3． on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人．in the world 在世界上6.in China在中國(guó)7．pen pal筆友

8.14 years old14歲9.favorite subject 最喜歡的科目10．the United States 美國(guó)the United Kingdom 英國(guó) New York 紐11．speak English 講英語(yǔ) like and dislike 愛憎

9．go to the movies 去看電影play sports 做運(yùn)動(dòng)

二．重點(diǎn)句式：Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/Where does he live?3 What language(s)does he speak?4 I want a pen pal in China.5 I can speak English and a little French.6 Please write and tell me about yourself.7 Can you write to me soon?8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.三．本單元的國(guó)家，人民、語(yǔ)言對(duì)應(yīng)。Canada----Canadian----English / French2 France------French------FrenchJapan------Japanese----Japanese4 Australia----Australian-----Englishthe United States------American----English6 the United Kingdom---British-----Enghish

Unit 2 Where’s the post office?

一． Asking ways:(問路)

1． Where is(the nearest)……？（最近的）……在哪里？

2．3．

4．5． Can you tell me the way to ……？你能告訴我去……的路嗎？ How can I get to ……？我怎樣到達(dá)……呢？ Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood?附近有……嗎？ Which is the way to ……？哪條是去……的路？

二．Showing the ways:（指路）

1.Go straight down / along this street.沿著這條街一直走。

2.Turn left at the second turning.在第二個(gè)路口向左轉(zhuǎn)。

3.You will find it on your right.你會(huì)在你右手邊發(fā)現(xiàn)它。

4.It is about one hundred metres from here.離這里大約一百米遠(yuǎn)。

5.You’d better take a bus.你最好坐公交車去。（You’d better+動(dòng)詞原形）

三．詞組

1.across from …… 在……的對(duì)面across from the bank在銀行的對(duì)面

2.next to……緊靠……next to the supermarket緊靠超市

3.between……and……在……和……之間

between the park and the zoo在公園和動(dòng)物園之間

among 表示位于三者或三者以上之間

4.in front of…… 在……前面There is a tree in front of the classroom.課室前面有棵樹。in the front of…… 在……（內(nèi)）的前部There is a desk in the front of the classroom.課室內(nèi)的前部有張桌子。

5.behind…… 在……后面behind my house 在我家后面

6.turn left/ right 向左/右拐

on the left/right of……在某物的左/右邊on the left of our school 在我們學(xué)校的左邊on one’s left/right在某人的左/右邊on my left在我左邊

7.go straight 一直走

8.down /along……沿著……（街道 down/along Center Street 沿著中央街

9.in the neighborhood=near here在附近10 welcome to…… 歡迎來(lái)到……

11.take /have a walk 散步12.the beginning of…………的開始,前端

at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端in the beginning 起初，一開始

13.have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得開心，過得愉快

我昨天玩得很開心。

I had fun yesterday.I had a good time yesterday.I enjoyed myself yesterday.14.have a good trip 旅途愉快15.take a taxi 坐出租車

16.到達(dá)：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家

arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.arrive at +小地方I arrive at the bank.reach +地方

17．go across 從物體表面橫過go across the street橫過馬路

go through 從空間穿過go through the forest穿過樹林

18．on + 街道的名稱。Eg: on Center Street

at + 具體門牌號(hào)+街道的名稱Eg: at 6 Center Street

三．重難點(diǎn)解析

1．enjoy doing sth享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事I enjoy reading.我喜愛讀書。

到目前為止，我們學(xué)了兩個(gè)特殊的動(dòng)詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing.I finish cleaning the room.我掃完了這間屋子。

2．hope to do sth希望做某事I hope to pass this exam.我希望通過這次考試。

hope +從句I hope tomorrow will be fine.我希望明天將會(huì)晴朗。

（從句即是一個(gè)小句子，這個(gè)小句子又放在大句子中，從屬于大句子，所以叫從句。

如tomorrow will be fine是一個(gè)從句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）

3.if 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示假設(shè)的句子。

If I have much money, I will go to the moon.如果我有許多錢，我就會(huì)去月球。

If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.如果你餓了的話，你可以在超市買一些食物。

四．本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對(duì)

1、new—old2、quiet---busy3、dirty---clean4、big----small

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?

一．重點(diǎn)詞組

eat grasseat leavesbe quietvery shyvery smartvery cute

play with her friendskind ofSouth Africaother animals

at nightin the dayevery dayduring the day

二.交際用語(yǔ)

1.Why do you like pandas?Because they’re very clever.2.Why does he like koalas?Because they’re kind of interesting.3.Where are lions from?They are from South Africa.4.What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too.Why? Because they’re friendly and clever.5.Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.6.She’s very shy.7.He is from Australia.8．He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.10．Let’s see the pandas first.11．They’re kind of interesting.12．What other animals do you like?13．Why do you want to see the lions?

三.重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)釋義

1、kind of有點(diǎn)，稍微Koala bears are kind of shy.考拉有點(diǎn)害羞。

kind 還有“種類”的意思

如：各種各樣的 all kinds ofWe have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.2、Chinan.中國(guó)African.非洲

China 和Africa都是專有名詞，首字母都應(yīng)該大寫，而且和介詞in連用。

There are many kinds of tigers in China.There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.3、friendlyadj.友好的，和藹可親的它是名詞friend的形容詞形式，常常和be動(dòng)詞連用, be friendly。

The people in Chengdu are very friendly.4、withprep.跟，同，和…在一起

I usually play chess with my father.注意區(qū)別與and的用法，and通常用于連接主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：

My father and I usually play chess together.Play with “和…一起玩?！薄巴妗?/p>

I often play with my pet dog.Don’t play with water!

5、day和night 是一對(duì)反義詞，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。

通常說in the day, during the day, at night。

Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.6、leafn.葉子

復(fù)數(shù)形式為：leaves, 類似的變化還有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,knife—knives，scarf---scarfs(scarves)等。

7、hourn.小時(shí)；點(diǎn)鐘hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示“一個(gè)小時(shí)”，即：an hour。

There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.8、be from 來(lái)自…be from = come from

Pandas are from China.= Pandas come form China.9、meatn.（食用的）肉，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示“許多”時(shí)，使用much來(lái)修飾，即：much meatHe eats much meat every day.10、grassn.草，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示“許多”時(shí)，使用much來(lái)修飾，即：much grass。There is much grass on the playground.四.語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

特殊疑問句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等開頭，對(duì)某一具體問題進(jìn)行提問。

特殊疑問句的基本構(gòu)成有兩種情況：

1.疑問句+一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)。這是最常見的情況。例如：

What’s your grandfather’s telephone number?你爺爺?shù)碾娫捥?hào)碼是多少？

Who is that boy with big eyes?那個(gè)大眼睛的男孩是誰(shuí)？

Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)？

When is he going to play the piano?他什么時(shí)候彈鋼琴？

Where does he live?他住在哪兒？

How are you? 你好嗎？How old are you?你多大了？

How many brothers and sisters do you have?你有幾個(gè)兄弟姐妹？

2.疑問句+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)。這時(shí)疑問詞作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)。例如：

Who is on duty today? 今天誰(shuí)值日？

Which man is your teacher?哪位男士是你的老師？

我們學(xué)過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他？也是特殊疑問句，它是一種省略結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

I like English.What/How about you?我喜歡英語(yǔ)。你呢？

What about playing basketball?打籃球怎么樣？

第四篇：人教版初一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

初一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)

【知識(shí)梳理】 I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1.a bottle of 2.a little 3.a lot(of)4.all day 5.be from 6.be over 7.come back 8.come from 9.do one’s homework 10.do the shopping 11.get down 12.get home 13.get to 14.get up 15.go shopping 16.have a drink of 17.have a look 18.have breakfast 19.have lunch 20.have supper 21.listen to 22.not?at all 23.put?away 24.take off 25.throw it like that 26.would like

15.We / They have some CDs.We / They don’t have any CDs.16.---What day is it today / tomorrow?---It’s Monday.17.---May I borrow your colour pens, please?---Certainly.Here you are.18.---Where are you from?---From Beijing.19.What's your telephone number in New York? 20.---Do you like hot dogs?---Yes, I do.(A little./ A lot./ Very much.)---No, I don't.(I don't like them at all.)21.---What does your mother like?---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22.---When do you go to school every day?---I go to school at 7:00 every day.23.---What time does he go to bed in the evening?---He goes to bed at 10:00.IV.重要語(yǔ)法 1.人稱代詞的用法； 2.祈使句；

3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法； 4．動(dòng)詞have的用法； 5．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法；

6．可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法

【名師講解】

1.That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.That’s right意為“對(duì)的”，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。

do cooking 作“做飯”解，屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ)：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚

從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ)，不能用some, much或定冠詞。

go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳 5.like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth.與like to do sth.意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來(lái)表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：

He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6.other/ others/ the other/ another other表其余的，別的，如：Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎? others 別的人，別的東西.如：In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。

the other表另一個(gè)（二者之中）one?，the other?如：One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些如：There is room for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。7.in the tree/ on the tree in the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為“在樹上”但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事（不屬于樹本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西）落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹上時(shí)，要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree.那棵樹上有些蘋果。There is a bird in the tree.那棵樹上有只鳥。8.some/ any some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要注意。(1)some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如：

There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中，或在表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問句中，我們依

是真的。

could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如： Could I speak to John，please？我能和約翰說話嗎？

Could you？在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？Could you please ring again at six？六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎？(4)can的形式

只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)（包括將來(lái)時(shí)）須用be able to加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒有能到北京來(lái)。11.look for/ find look for 意為“尋找”，而find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作，并不注重“找”的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如：She can’t find her ruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。

Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒能找到。

12.be sleeping/ be asleep be sleeping 表示動(dòng)作，意思是“正在睡覺”；be asleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了”。如：---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？---They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺。

The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13.often/ usually/sometimes often 表示“經(jīng)?！保瑂ometimes表示“有時(shí)候”，在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動(dòng)作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）的后面，有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，則放在句首。

We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時(shí)，我睡覺很早。

He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。14.How much/ How many how much常用來(lái)詢問某一商品的價(jià)格，常見句式是How much is / are??

等連用。

We often clean the classroom after school.我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。Look!They are cleaning the classroom.看！他們正在打掃教室呢。【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1．動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法，人稱代詞的用法，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法。

2．本冊(cè)書中常見的交際用語(yǔ) 3．本冊(cè)書中一些重點(diǎn)的詞組和短語(yǔ)

考試形式往往是單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)和短文填空。【中考范例】

1.（2004年安徽省中考試題）

---Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you.---I ________ for an important phone call.Go without me.A.wait B.was waiting C.am waiting D.waited 【解析】答案：C。表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.(2004年長(zhǎng)春市中考試題)Could you help ___ with ____ English, please?A.I, my B.me, me C.me, my D.my, I 【解析】答案：C。第一個(gè)空作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格me, 第二個(gè)空作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my。3.(2004年長(zhǎng)春市中考試題)Dr.White can _______ French very well.A.speak B.talk C.say D.tell 【解析】答案：A。說什麼語(yǔ)言常用動(dòng)詞speak。4.（2004年黃岡中考試題）

English is spoken by __people.A.a lot B.much many C.a large number of D.a great deal of 【解析】答案：C。只有a large number of 能用來(lái)修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞people。4.he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here

第五篇：初一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

七年級(jí)總復(fù)習(xí)資料

Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?

一、詞組

be from= come form 來(lái)自...pen pal=pen friend 筆友like and dislike好惡；愛憎 live in +地點(diǎn) 在...居住 speak +語(yǔ)言 講某種語(yǔ)言 play sports做體育運(yùn)動(dòng)a little French一些法語(yǔ)go to the movies 去看電影 write to sb 給某人寫信an action movie 一部動(dòng)作片 on weekends 在周末tell sb about sth 告訴某人某事Excuse me對(duì)不起，打擾 get to 到達(dá)、抵達(dá)

二、句型

1、Where+be+主語(yǔ)＋from?主語(yǔ)＋be+from+地點(diǎn).2、Ｗhere do/does+主語(yǔ)＋live?主語(yǔ)＋live/lives in…

3、Ｗhat language do/does +主語(yǔ)+speak?主語(yǔ)＋speak/speaks….4、主語(yǔ)＋like/likes+doing/to do…

5.What is your favorite subject/sport?My favorite subject/sport is…

6.It’s fun.7.Is that your new pen pal?Yes, it is.Unit 2 Where’s the post office

一、詞組

post office 郵局 pay phone 投幣式公用電話 next to 在...隔壁 across from 在...對(duì)面 in front of 在...前面 between…and… 在...和...之間on a street在街上

in the neighborhood 在附近on the right/left在右邊／在左邊 behind…在…后面 on Green street 在格林街上 near…在…附近go straight 一直走 welcome to… 歡迎 enjoy+名詞/doing喜歡做某事 have fun 過得愉快 play +the+樂器 彈奏樂器

on one’s right/left 在某人的右邊／左邊turn right/left 向右／左轉(zhuǎn)take a walk 散步

have fun 玩得開心 the way to …去...的路 let sb do sth 讓某人做某事take a taxi 打的／乘出租車go down(along)…沿著...走go through...穿過..have a good trip旅途愉快 arrive at（小地方）/in（大地方）到達(dá) at the beginning of 在...開始的時(shí)候 at the end of 在...結(jié)束的時(shí)候hope to do sth/that/for sth

二、日常交際用語(yǔ)。

1、Is there a bank near here?Yes, there is.It’s on Centre Street./No, there isn’t.2、Where’s the supermarket?It’s next to the library.3、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.4、I hope you have a good trip.5．If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.6、Talk a walk though the park..7.I know you are arriving next Sunday.我知道你下周日要來(lái)。

三、句型。

1、Is there a ….?句型Eg:

-Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood.-Yes, there is.No.there isn’t2、Where is …?句型Eg:

-Where is the park,please?-It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答)-I’m sorry I don’t know.(否

定回答)

3、Which is the way to +地點(diǎn)? 句型.例如：Can you tell me the way to the post office?

6、Let me tell you the way to my house.7、Just go straight and turn left.Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?

一、詞組

want to do sth.想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事want sth 想要某物 Let sb do sth 讓某人做某事 kind of 有幾分種類 a kind of 一種…

…years old …年齡 like to do sth 喜歡做某事 like doing sth

play with … 與...一起玩 during the day 在白天 at night 在夜間

have a look at..看...one…the other一個(gè)...另一個(gè)...二、句型與日常交際用語(yǔ)。

1、-why do you like pandas?/-Why dose he like koalas?-Because they’re very cure.2.Why do you want to see the lions? Because they’re …

3、-Where are lions from?-Lions are from South Africa.4、-What(other)animals do you like?-I like elephants.other+ 名詞的復(fù)數(shù).表示沒有特定的數(shù)量范圍

the other+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示有特定的數(shù)量范圍.5.-Do you like giraffes?Yes, I do./ No, I don’t

Unit 4 I want to be an actor.一、詞組

want to be+a/an+職業(yè)想要成為…shop assistant店員bank clerk銀行職員work with 與…一起工作 help sb(to)do sth/sb with sth 幫助某人做某事 as…作為…

work hard 努力工作work for 為。。而工作work as 作為。而工作get..from…從..獲得…

give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物給某人in the day 在白天at night 在夜間talk to /with 與…講話 外出吃飯in a hospital 在醫(yī)院newspaper reporter報(bào)社記者 movie actor 電影演員

二、句型

1.-What do/does+某人+do?例-What do you do?-I’m a student./-What dose he do? He’s a teacher.2-What do/does+某人+want to be?例：What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher.3.-Where does your sister work?-She works in a hospital.4.-Does he work in the hospital?Yes, he does/No, he doesn’t

5.-Does she work late?-Yes, she does/No, she doesn’t

6.－英語(yǔ)中詢問職業(yè)的幾種表達(dá)方式：

What do/does …do?/What is…? What is your father’s job? /What’s one’s job?Unit 5 I’m watching TV.一、詞組

do one’s homework 做家庭作業(yè)watch TV看電視 eat dinner 吃飯；就餐clean the room 打掃房間 talk on the phone 電話聊天 sound +形容詞 聽起來(lái)… thanks for+n/doing為某事感謝某人 go shopping/swimming去購(gòu)物/游泳 at the pool 在游泳池

read newspaper/a book看報(bào)紙／看書go to the movies 看電影write a letter 寫信 wait for 等待；等候talk about 談?wù)?。。play basketball/soccer/打籃球／踢足球 take photos 拍照TV show 電視節(jié)目Some of…中的一些a photo of my family 我的家庭照

at school 在學(xué)校be with 和。。一起in the tree 在樹上 in the first/last photo在第一張/最后一張照片 with sb 和某人在一起

二、句型與日常交際用語(yǔ)

1.-What+be+主語(yǔ)+doing? ….正在做什么？-主語(yǔ)＋be doing。。…正在做某事。

3.-Here are/is…例：Here are some of my photos.Here is a photo of my family.1.-Do you want to go to the movies? –Sure.2.-When do you want to go? –Let’s go at seven.3.-Where do people play basketball? –At school.4.-What’s he waiting for?-He’s waiting for a bus.5.-What’s he reading? He’s reading a newspaper.6.You can see my family at home.Can +do(動(dòng)詞原形)可以…

四、語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1)現(xiàn)在在進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式是：

助動(dòng)詞be(am,is,are)+動(dòng)詞-ing形式（也叫現(xiàn)在分詞），表示現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句形式主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他I’m watching TV.3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句形式主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+not+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 They are not playing soccer.4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句形式及回答 Is(am,are)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?

Yes,主語(yǔ)+is/am/are.No,主語(yǔ)+isn’t/aren’t/am not.Are you reading? Yes,I am.No,I am not.5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問句形式:

特殊疑問詞+is/am/are+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?例:What is your brother doing? Unit 6 It’s raning!

一、詞組

Play computer games 打電子游戲in picture 在圖片里Around The World 世界各地 On vacation 度假 Take photos 拍照 On the beach 在海邊 lie on the beach 躺在沙灘上

a group of people 一群人 play beach volleyball 打沙灘排球 be surprised at sth./sb.對(duì)某人或某人感到驚訝 in this heat 在酷暑中 be relaxed 放松 have a good time 玩得很痛快

in different kind of weather在不同的天氣里Thank sb for(doing)sth由于某事而感謝某人 How’s it going?近況如何Some…others…一些…另一些… Look like..看起來(lái)

像。。

look+adj 看起來(lái)… look at sb doing/do sth 看某人正在做某事/做了某事（事情的全過程）everyone后面使用單三

二、句型／日常交際用語(yǔ)

(1)-How’s the weather(+地點(diǎn))? –It’s raining?

(2)-What’s the weather like?—It’s sunny./It’s cold and snowing.(3)-How’s it going? –Great./Not bad./terrible/pretty good

(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around the World show?

(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? –Yes, she is/No, she isn’t

(6)There are many people here on vacation.Unit 7 What dose he look like?

一、詞組

look like 看起來(lái)像....curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直發(fā)of medium height/build 中等高度／身體 a little bit+形容詞一點(diǎn)兒… a pop singer 一位流行歌手 be popular with sb 在…流行 not…any more 不再good-looking 好看的wear glasses 戴眼鏡have a new look 呈現(xiàn)新面貌 the captain of the basketball team 籃球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)Nobody knows me沒有人認(rèn)識(shí)我二、句型

１)--What does he look like?--He’s really short.He has short hair./ He is of medium build.2）Do you know I have a new friend in Class Five？

２)--She has beautiful, long black hair.３)--I don’t think he’s so great.6)--She never stops talking.--Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事如:He stop listening

--stop to do(sth)表示停下來(lái)去做某事如:He stops to listen.7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.1.詞組

would like+n/to do 想要 a large/medium/small bowl of 大碗/中碗/小碗 what size 什么尺寸

orange juice 桔汁 green tea 綠茶 phone number 電話號(hào)碼 as well as 而且

what kind of 表示….的種類a kind of 一種… some kind of 許多種… a bowl of rice 一碗米飯 a bottle of orange juice 一瓶桔子汁(不可數(shù))three oranges 三個(gè)桔子(可數(shù))some chicken 一些雞肉(不可數(shù))three chickens 三只小雞(可數(shù))

二、句型

1)What kind of … would you like? 你想要…?

2)What size bowl of noodles would you like? I like a small bowl of noodles.3)We have large ,medium, and small bowls.4)I like dumplings, I don’t like noodles.三、日常交際用語(yǔ)

1)—Can I help you?/ What can I do for you?--I’d like some noodles.please.2)--What kind of noodles would you like?--I’d like mutton and potato noodles.Please.3)—Would you like a cup of green tea?--Yes, please./No, thanks

would like后面還可以跟不定式.即:

A: would like to do sth.想要做某事 He would like to see you today.B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事 What would you like me to do.Unit 9 How was you weekend?

一、詞組

play +運(yùn)動(dòng)或棋類 play +the+樂器 go to the movies去看電影 do some reading閱讀go to the beach/pool 去沙灘/游泳 have a party/ do some sports 做運(yùn)動(dòng) 練習(xí)…what aout/ How about+n/doing做什么怎么樣

stay at home 呆家里go to summer camp 去夏令營(yíng)go to the mountains去爬山visit sb拜訪某人

go shopping 去購(gòu)物last month 上個(gè)月three days ago 三天前yesterday 昨天look for 尋找

go for a walk 散步in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上／在下午／在晚上 on Sunday morning 在某個(gè)具體一天的上午、下午用介詞onplay computer games 玩電腦游戲spend money/time on sth/(in)doing sth 花費(fèi)…做…watch sb do/doing sth 看某人做了某事/正在做某事

二、句型

１）I visited my aunt last weekend.2)--How was your weekend?--It was great./OK

3)—It was time for sb to do sth.三、日常交際用語(yǔ)

1)—What did you do last weekend?--On Saturday morning,I played teenis.2)—How was your weekend?--It was great.I went to the brach.Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?

一、詞組

ptetty good 相當(dāng)好；不錯(cuò)in the conner 在角落 kind of boring 有點(diǎn)無(wú)聊 be lost 迷路 feel happy 感到高興 be fun 很有趣 on vacation 在度假Central Park中央公園 the Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城 the Palace Museum 故宮 Tian’an Men Square 天安門廣場(chǎng) make sb adj 使某人… make sb do sth 使某人做某事 decide to do sth決定做某事

二、句型

1)—Where did you go on vacation?--I went to the breach.2)—How was the weather?--It was hot and humid.3)--It was kind of boring4)—That made me feel very happy.5)--We had great fun playing in the water.--have great fun doing sth表示―愉快地做某事‖，―做某事很有趣‖

(6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy.make sb.do.sth.使某人做某事let（make）sb.do.sth.(7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.find sb.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事。find sb.do.sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事（整個(gè)過程）Ｕnit 11 What do you think of game shows?

一、詞組

talk show 談話節(jié)目soap opera 肥皂劇sports show 體育節(jié)目game show 比賽節(jié)目

think of/about 認(rèn)為 in fact 事實(shí)上a thirteen-year-old boy 一個(gè)十三歲的男孩＝ The boy is thirteen years oldtalk to(with)…跟 …談話 each student（后用單三）每個(gè)學(xué)生key ring 鑰匙鏈baseball cap 棒球帽 the school magazine ?？痗an’t stand+n不能忍受don’t mind+n不介意／無(wú)所謂／不在乎 ask sb about sth 詢問某人關(guān)于某事的看法 show sb sth/show ssth to sb給某人看某物

二、句型

(1)—What do you think of situation comedy?

--I love them/I don’t mind them/I can’t stand them/I don’t like.(2)—This is what I think.(3)--I don’t mind what young people think of me!

(4)—Can you please put my letter in next month’s magazine?

三、日常交際用語(yǔ)

(1)—How about you?---I do, too.(2)--What do you think of …?--=How do you like…?

如：What do you think of the picture?=How do you like the picture?

Unit 12 Don’t eat in class.一、詞組

school rules 學(xué)校規(guī)章制度 break the rules 違反規(guī)章制度 in the hallways 在過道 listen to music 聽音樂in the music room 在音樂教室里in the dining hall 在餐廳 sports shoes 運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋gym class 體育課after school 放學(xué)后have to do 不得不做 too many+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 太多get up 起床by ten o’clock 十點(diǎn)之前make dinner 做飯

go to the children’s palace 去少年宮 be late for…遲到 on school nights 上學(xué)的晚上 be in bed 在床上on weekends 在周末 wash my clothes 洗衣服

二、句型

(1)—Don’t arrive late for class.(2)—We can’t listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.(3)—What else do you have to do?--We have to clean the classroom.(4)--Can we wear hats in school?--Yes, we can/ No, we can’t.(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school?--Yes, we do /No, we don’t.(6)What are the rules at your school?

重難點(diǎn)精析

祈使句

通常用來(lái)表示命令、請(qǐng)求、禁止、建議、警告等語(yǔ)氣。它的主語(yǔ)you(聽話人)通常省略。其構(gòu)成通常有以下幾種形式。

1)Be型（即系動(dòng)詞原型be+表語(yǔ)＋其他）。

如：Be quiet,please.否定句Don’t + be+表語(yǔ)+其他。

如：Don’t be angry.2)Do型（即系動(dòng)詞原形＋賓語(yǔ)＋其他）。如：

Open you books, please.否定句Don’t +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)+其他。

如：Don’t eat in the classroom.3)Let型（即Let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他）如：

Let me help you.Let’s go at six o’clock.否定句一般在賓語(yǔ)后加not。如：

Let’ not watch TV.4)No+V-ing型（此種形式通常用于公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中，意為―禁止做某事―）如： No smoking!嚴(yán)禁吸煙！No talking!不許交談！

No passing!禁止通行！No parking!不許停車