第一篇：怎樣寫300字左右的賞析短文

怎樣寫300字左右的賞析短文

湖南長(zhǎng)沙 戴士心

湖南省2005年高考語文試卷已經(jīng)將21題變?yōu)椤皩懸黄?300 字左右的賞析短文”，分?jǐn)?shù)高達(dá)15 分。這一變化，全省師生非常重視，都在積極應(yīng)對(duì)；但是，也有部分師生感到難以駕馭，有些力不從心。為了給這些師生以一定幫助，特撰寫本文。

寫好300來字的賞析短文，重點(diǎn)在“選點(diǎn)”與“切實(shí)的分析，正確的評(píng)論”兩方面。具體說來，要特別重視以下環(huán)節(jié)：

一、認(rèn)真閱讀，整體把握

認(rèn)真讀懂文章，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行整體理解，把握作品思想內(nèi)容及主要表現(xiàn)方式，是寫好300來字的賞析短文必不可少的第一步。讀時(shí)，可以將重要的字詞句摘出，供寫賞析短文時(shí)分析或引用。從2005年調(diào)考與高考的情況看，有些學(xué)生對(duì)此注意不夠。也許是受到心態(tài)及時(shí)間方面的擠壓吧，沒完全讀懂就匆匆動(dòng)筆者確實(shí)有一批。文字的曖昧源于思想的朦朧，我們一定要想清楚后再動(dòng)手評(píng)論。

二、根據(jù)文體，窮挖特點(diǎn)

《湖南省2005年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試大綱補(bǔ)充說明》明確規(guī)定“五大題為文學(xué)作品閱讀?！蹦敲矗覀冃枰绞裁瓷?，唱什么歌，根據(jù)文體特征，把握文本特色，挖出各自特點(diǎn)。以下根據(jù)不同文體作些提示：

小說，可以重點(diǎn)思考其思想內(nèi)容、人物形象塑造、語言、故事情節(jié)安排等特點(diǎn)。

散文，可以重點(diǎn)思考其思想內(nèi)容、意境、選材、組材、語言、線索設(shè)置等特點(diǎn)。

戲劇，可以重點(diǎn)思考其思想內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、沖突、人物語言、潛臺(tái)詞等特點(diǎn)。詩歌，可以重點(diǎn)思考其思想內(nèi)容、意境、語言、節(jié)奏、表達(dá)方式等特點(diǎn)。上述是就各種文體大的特點(diǎn)而言，并非所有的賞析短文只能從這些大的角度寫作。例如，可以詳細(xì)評(píng)析某一細(xì)節(jié)、某一場(chǎng)面、某一道具??面對(duì)具體作品，完全可以將特點(diǎn)具體化。例如，語言特色方面，我們可以考慮煉字、選句、辭格運(yùn)用、語言風(fēng)格等。又比如，結(jié)構(gòu)方面我們可以考慮開頭、結(jié)尾、過渡、照應(yīng)、層次段落、伏筆鋪墊等。表現(xiàn)技法方面我們可以考慮象征、對(duì)比、烘托、動(dòng)靜結(jié)合、虛實(shí)相生、寓情于景、托物言志等。

挖出來的特點(diǎn)最好把它概括成一句話，用文字固定下來，以形成觀點(diǎn)。

3、切合題意，精心選點(diǎn)

寫300字左右的賞析短文，在切合題目要求（或賞析主題及其表達(dá)、或賞析藝術(shù)特色）的前提下，選點(diǎn)首先要注意一個(gè)“準(zhǔn)”字，要選擇能透視作品的主要意義或能表現(xiàn)作品的主要寫法的點(diǎn)加以評(píng)析。此外，選點(diǎn)的角度宜小不宜大，以免下筆力不從心而流于空泛；或涉及到多個(gè)評(píng)論點(diǎn)而實(shí)際上一個(gè)問題也沒有談清楚。

原則：

（1）選最能體現(xiàn)作品特點(diǎn)的。

（2）選自己寫起來最有把握的（它往往是閱讀時(shí)深深打動(dòng)了自己的）。（3）角度宜小、巧、新。不過，湖南省2005年高考語文試卷的21題是這樣命題的：從下列題目中任選一個(gè)，寫一篇300字左右的賞析短文。(1)“巨人”的述說——簡(jiǎn)析《貝多芬：一個(gè)巨人》的語言描寫。(2)“老獅”的畫像——談?wù)劇敦惗喾遥阂粋€(gè)巨人》的肖像描寫。(3)他者的視角——試析《貝多芬：一個(gè)巨人》的側(cè)面描寫。面對(duì)著這樣相對(duì)明確而簡(jiǎn)單的命題形式，我們可以略去“窮挖特點(diǎn)”“精心選點(diǎn)”兩個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，照相關(guān)要求直接擇定一個(gè)題目寫作即可。

4、且敘且析，觀點(diǎn)鮮明

寫賞析短文時(shí)，在注意敘（對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的復(fù)述或引用）、析（對(duì)作品的思想內(nèi)容、藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)等進(jìn)行揭示）、評(píng)（通過分析得出的結(jié)論）三個(gè)方面的有機(jī)結(jié)合。一般而言，用且敘且析的方法較好，觀點(diǎn)或開門見山提出，或通過分析最后水到渠成地引出來，為了醒目，開篇提出且獨(dú)立成段更好。例如：

他者的視角

——試析《貝多芬：一個(gè)巨人》的側(cè)面描寫

除正面描寫之外，本文還運(yùn)用側(cè)面描寫，從不同的角度與層面對(duì)巨人貝多芬形象進(jìn)行立體刻畫。（一段：開門見山，提出觀點(diǎn)，側(cè)重于“評(píng)”。）

其一，女傭的視角。女傭是最了解貝多芬日常生活的人，但她并不完全了解貝多芬的精神。在她眼中，貝多芬主要是—個(gè)自強(qiáng)、孤僻而又可憐的形象：他在失聰之后仍然不停地“工作”，生活上完全自立，不讓別人“幫他一點(diǎn)忙”，這是其自強(qiáng)的一面；他任誰都不肯接見，厭惡別人打擾，喜歡孤獨(dú)與安靜，總把房子弄得零亂不堪，這是其孤僻的一面；他不僅生活得如此“簡(jiǎn)單隨便”，身體又“常常不舒服，而且?guī)缀跬耆敚€被“流氓一樣的侄子”經(jīng)常煩擾，這是其可憐的一面。通過這—視角，從側(cè)面反映了貝多芬的日常生活，也初步表現(xiàn)了他孤傲自強(qiáng)的性格特點(diǎn)。

其二，客人的視角。這本是全文描寫貝多芬形象的主要視角，但由于文章已有一個(gè)貫穿始終的敘述者，所以通過這個(gè)視角進(jìn)行的描寫也可以歸入側(cè)面描寫。來訪的客人是試圖真正去了解貝多芬精神與靈魂的人?？腿穗m然覺得貝多芬有一個(gè)“真實(shí)的好靈魂”，但在最初這種認(rèn)識(shí)既不全面也不深入。聽了女傭的介紹，看到貝多芬的真實(shí)面貌與實(shí)際生活之后，客人一方面也像女傭那樣既感到可畏又覺得可憐，另一方面卻在畏懼中更有一層敬仰，在憐憫中更多一層相惜。與貝多芬深入交談之后，客人被深深感染，對(duì)音樂巨人的性格、意志與精神終于有了全面而深入的了解。通過這個(gè)視角，“巨人”貝多芬形象最深刻最感人的一面被清晰地刻畫出來。

其三，一般人的視角。這實(shí)際上是一個(gè)隱含的視角，在本文中并未直接出現(xiàn)，但細(xì)心的讀者卻可從女傭與貝多芬的話中看出。從這個(gè)視角來看貝多芬的人，包括他的侄子、嘲弄他的孩子們以及許多把他看作“厭世者”的人，他們既不完全了解貝多芬的實(shí)際生活，也根本不了解他的意志與精神。在這些人眼中，貝多芬只是一個(gè)失聰不潔、孤僻厭世的糟老頭形象。因此他們對(duì)貝多芬既無憐惜，亦無敬畏，有的只是嘲笑、捉弄與打擾。通過這一視角的描寫，不僅呈現(xiàn)了一般人眼中的貝多芬形象，也不僅解釋了貝多芬近乎孤僻的性格，更將貝多芬失聰后艱難的處境與孤獨(dú)的心境描繪了出來，更能反襯出貝多芬自強(qiáng)不息、堅(jiān)韌不拔的巨人形象。（二——四段：扣住第一段提出的觀點(diǎn)，從三個(gè)方面展開，一面敘例，一面分析，側(cè)重于“敘”與“析”。）

5、方法多種，靈活選用

（1）例證法、引證法：事實(shí)勝于雄辯，恰當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)用例證法和引證法，能極大地增強(qiáng)文章的說服力。不過要注意，因全文只有300字左右，舉例語言要簡(jiǎn)潔；在運(yùn)用引證法時(shí)，選句要精當(dāng)，要避免因大段的抄錄原文而削弱了分析論證。（2）分論點(diǎn)法：先設(shè)一個(gè)中心論點(diǎn)，再圍繞它設(shè)立三個(gè)左右的分論點(diǎn)，使得論證從多方面展開，既條分縷析，又具體翔實(shí)，使短文中心顯豁，讓閱卷者在快速閱卷的過程中稍加掃視就清楚明白，與人方便，與己方便。

（3）聯(lián)系法：可以適當(dāng)聯(lián)系與作品相關(guān)的國(guó)情、社會(huì)背景等；適當(dāng)聯(lián)系同一作者的類似作品（能聯(lián)系上課文尤佳）；適當(dāng)聯(lián)系作者整體創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格??考慮到所寫的只是300字左右的賞析短文，這里提及的“聯(lián)系”，只能是點(diǎn)到為止，涉及過多，反而會(huì)沖淡中心。

（4）、假設(shè)法、比較法：對(duì)被賞析的作品作假設(shè)性推敲，假設(shè)不這樣，思想內(nèi)涵或表達(dá)效果則會(huì)如何如何??

（5）咬文嚼字法：突出分析重點(diǎn)詞句。例如：

“老獅”的畫像

——談?wù)?貝多芬：一個(gè)巨人》的肖像描寫

肖像描寫對(duì)刻畫人物形象、突出人物性格與精神意志具有重要的作用。本文充分利用肖像描寫，描繪了一幅形神兼?zhèn)涞摹袄溪{”畫像．本文對(duì)貝多芬的肖像描寫有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)。

其一，以形寫神，形神兼?zhèn)洌疚闹貜膬蓚€(gè)方面對(duì)貝多芬進(jìn)行肖像描寫。一方面描寫他穿著隨便、不修邊幅，這不僅表現(xiàn)了他對(duì)物質(zhì)生活要求很低，并不在意，而把全部心力專注于他的音樂，也表現(xiàn)了他不屑于流俗的鮮明個(gè)性。另一方面又描寫了他像“獅子”般充滿力量的外貌特征，如“極寬闊”的肩、“有力的大手”、“緊閉的嘴”、“方形的下頷”等，這就寫出了他作為音樂巨人“扼住命運(yùn)咽喉”的自強(qiáng)不息的進(jìn)取精神，以及在“愁苦和力量”背后的“堅(jiān)韌無比的生的意志”．一個(gè)具有偉大人格、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志與崇高精神的“巨人”，就是本文所著力描繪的形神兼?zhèn)涞摹袄溪{”畫像的深刻內(nèi)涵。

其二，由遠(yuǎn)及近，逐層深入．本文通過客人的視角對(duì)貝多芬的肖像描寫共三層：首先是遠(yuǎn)景，聽到“沉重的腳步聲”之后，客人看到他“軀體五尺左右”，但“兩肩極寬闊”，是粗略的第一印象；其次是中景，作者描寫貝多芬的衣服“陳舊”且“不整潔”，上衣背后還拖著早已失效的助聽器，突出其不合時(shí)宜與不修邊幅；最后是近景，作者先寫了“有力的大手”，然后集中筆墨于頭部的特寫，著力描寫了臉、頭發(fā)、眼睛、鼻子、下頷等，作者由遠(yuǎn)而近，從整體觀感到細(xì)膩刻畫，逐層深入地寫出了貝多芬“笨拙”的外形下所具有的堅(jiān)韌無比的意志。

其三，虛實(shí)結(jié)合，傳神寫意．本文一方面客觀摹寫貝多芬極具個(gè)性的外貌特征，如“極寬闊”的肩、“有力的大手”、“長(zhǎng)而笨的鼻子”、“緊閉的嘴”、“方形的下頷”等，這些都是實(shí)寫，表現(xiàn)了他的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、孤傲與力量；另一方面又運(yùn)用適度的夸張和想象，如寫貝多芬“火一樣蓬勃的頭發(fā)，好像有生以來從未梳櫛過”、深邃的眼睛“有一種凝重不可逼視的光”等，這又在一定程度上虛寫出他“臉上呈現(xiàn)出一個(gè)悲劇”。“悲劇”是對(duì)貝多芬肖像內(nèi)在神韻最凝練的概括，不僅寫出了他所遭遇的“不幸和煩憂”，也表現(xiàn)了他堅(jiān)韌的意志與博大的精神。虛實(shí)結(jié)合的肖像描寫，把客觀摹寫與傳神寫意結(jié)合起來，凸現(xiàn)了貝多芬飽經(jīng)挫折與孤獨(dú)卻依然勇于反抗厄運(yùn)與流俗的精神。

6、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，層次清晰

首先需要明白的是，300字左右的賞析短文也應(yīng)該是一篇完整的文章，與做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)答題有別，因此要安排一個(gè)完整的結(jié)構(gòu)，比如，文章宜有簡(jiǎn)明的開頭段，稍加展開的中心段，有時(shí)還可以加上歸納全文的結(jié)尾段。

對(duì)作品的評(píng)價(jià)最好在開頭直接提出，下文加以證明，形成總分結(jié)構(gòu)。如果有必要加上總結(jié)性文字以收束上文，那就形成總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，但不可勉強(qiáng)，以免畫蛇添足。例如：

他者的視角

——試析《貝多芬：一個(gè)巨人》的側(cè)面描寫

側(cè)面描寫是本文刻畫人物形象的重要方法之一。文章通過對(duì)女傭、客人等人動(dòng)作、神情、語言的描寫，從“他者”的角度，逐層深入地表現(xiàn)了貝多芬鮮明的性格特征和偉大的人格精神。(一段：提出全文觀點(diǎn)，總寫。)本文開頭，女傭“捏弄著圍裙”的動(dòng)作、“為難”的神情、“他不肯接見你”的話語，寫出了她對(duì)貝多芬的畏懼，表現(xiàn)了貝多芬失聰后孤傲的性格．接著，女傭?qū)ω惗喾疑钋闆r的介紹，寫出了她對(duì)貝多芬的同情，既表現(xiàn)了貝多芬對(duì)物質(zhì)生活的隨意，對(duì)流俗的不屑與反叛，也表現(xiàn)了貝多芬摯愛音樂、頑強(qiáng)不屈的精神。同時(shí)，文章通過女傭的語言，還寫出了“別人”的“打擾”、“侄子”的“麻煩”等，說明了使貝多芬寧可做一頭置身“獸穴”的“老獅”的原因。這一層面的側(cè)面描寫展示了貝多芬的生活狀態(tài)，表現(xiàn)了他孤傲的性格和忘我工作的精神。

文章對(duì)客人動(dòng)作、神情、語言的描寫是對(duì)貝多芬形象更深入的刻畫，使讀者對(duì)貝多芬的了解和認(rèn)識(shí)大大推進(jìn)了一層?？腿恕皯z惜”“敬畏”的神情，表現(xiàn)了貝多芬雖遭厄運(yùn)，依舊凜然的“巨人”氣概?？腿说淖謼l寫道：“我們要知道你的生平，把你的消息帶給萬千大眾，使他們了解你真實(shí)的好靈魂?！边@個(gè)字條，改變了貝多芬的態(tài)度，也向讀者傳達(dá)了這樣的信息——還有許多人關(guān)注著貝多芬，理解和尊敬貝多芬。“真實(shí)的好靈魂”是對(duì)貝多芬作為“巨人”形象的高度準(zhǔn)確的概括。他外表“笨拙”，他性格孤傲，但他有著“真實(shí)的好靈魂”?，F(xiàn)實(shí)的厄運(yùn)、別人的嘲弄可以給巨人以沉重的打擊，但決不可能打敗他。而客人專注地“做筆記”、被貝多芬的敘述“感染”，則是對(duì)貝多芬“真實(shí)的好靈魂”的一種詮釋。（第二段與第三段，從兩方面分寫。）

不同的人看待貝多芬的視角不一樣，對(duì)他的了解程度不一樣，對(duì)他的態(tài)度也不一樣。文章正是通過這些側(cè)面描寫，寫出各種人物對(duì)貝多芬或嘲弄，或煩擾，或同情，或理解的不同態(tài)度，逐步表現(xiàn)貝多芬“真實(shí)的好靈魂”，刻畫出命運(yùn)坎坷、意志堅(jiān)韌、精神偉大的巨人形象。（第四段：總括全文。）

全篇用的是“總分總結(jié)構(gòu)”。

7、用語精準(zhǔn)，具有文采

要盡可能遣用符合文本特征的精準(zhǔn)性詞句，盡量用形象化的語言評(píng)價(jià)和分析作品，把觀點(diǎn)滲透到富有魅力、給人以美感的文字之中。同時(shí)恰到好處地使用一些文學(xué)評(píng)論的術(shù)語，增濃文學(xué)評(píng)論味。例如：

“巨人”的述說

——簡(jiǎn)析《貝多芬：一個(gè)巨人》的語言描寫

通過人物語言來表現(xiàn)人物的性格、心態(tài)與精神，這是刻畫人物形象的一種重要方法。本文通過描寫貝多芬的語言，展現(xiàn)了一個(gè)音樂巨人的鮮明形象。

本文的語言描寫具有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)．

其一，緊扣人物的生理特點(diǎn)與性格特點(diǎn)。貝多芬在生理上的最大特點(diǎn)是完全失去了聽覺，在性格上的最大特點(diǎn)則是堅(jiān)強(qiáng)孤傲與激情進(jìn)發(fā)。作者在描寫貝多芬的語言時(shí)，說他要么是“大聲說”，“粗著嗓子喊”，要么是要求別人“說的聲音大些”，要么是“好像在自言自語”、“喃喃地如同獨(dú)語”等，這便體現(xiàn)了他作為一個(gè)聾子的語言特色．同時(shí)，作者又著重突出了貝多芬堅(jiān)強(qiáng)孤傲與充滿激情的特點(diǎn)，他的每一句話都是那么簡(jiǎn)潔凝練、擲地有聲、富有個(gè)性，無論他是孤傲煩躁，還是激動(dòng)沉郁，或者平靜深沉，他的語言都飽含著既深且濃的情感。因此我們?cè)谧x到他的這些語言時(shí)，只覺元?dú)饬芾?，神態(tài)畢現(xiàn)，聞其聲如見其人。其二，契合人物的心態(tài)變化與內(nèi)在精神。對(duì)來訪的客人，貝多芬的心態(tài)有一個(gè)逐漸變化的過程，作者通過他的語言展現(xiàn)了這一變化過程。貝多芬最初出現(xiàn)在客人面前時(shí)，其語言明顯有極不耐煩和旁若無人的意味；但在了解客人的來意之后，他的語言開始變得激動(dòng)而沉郁；講述自己的往事時(shí)，其語言又深情而平靜；最后，談到心中的音樂并不能被人們完全理解時(shí)，他的語言又變得激越起來．貝多芬語言的變化完全契合他心態(tài)的變化，從他不同的語言中可以清晰地看出他不同的心態(tài)。同時(shí)，貝多芬又反復(fù)說到，自己雖然遭受命運(yùn)的捉弄，被世人嘲笑而不能得到真正的理解，但內(nèi)心卻像燃燒的火山，回響在心中的音樂“較任何樂器上演奏的都美”。這便展現(xiàn)了貝多芬自強(qiáng)不息、堅(jiān)韌不拔的巨人精神。

其三，直接描寫與間接轉(zhuǎn)述相結(jié)合。作者在描寫貝多芬的語言時(shí)，既采取了直接描寫的方式，又運(yùn)用了間接轉(zhuǎn)述的方式(比如貝多芬回憶往事的那段)，同時(shí)又不失時(shí)機(jī)地加上了自己的感想與議論．這種寫法，不僅使人物語言描寫詳略得當(dāng)，人物形象特征更加突出與深化，而且使整個(gè)文章的節(jié)奏有變化，有起伏．所以全文的節(jié)奏始則低沉緩慢，繼則激越迅疾，再則平靜舒緩，最后則在一個(gè)高揚(yáng)有力的聲音中戛然而止。因此這篇寫音樂巨人的文章本身就如一曲富有節(jié)奏變化的美妙音樂。

同學(xué)們宜在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上記住一些常用的評(píng)論術(shù)語。比如，文短卻又波瀾起伏曲折多變，我們可用“尺水興波”；文章開篇峭拔，令人驚絕，我們可用“劈空而起”；文章結(jié)束用媚語攝魂，令人執(zhí)卷流連，我們可用“臨去秋波”；文章結(jié)尾充分顯示出作者立言的本意，我們可用“卒章顯志”；文章篇中無閑句，句中無閑字，我們可用“惜墨如金”；文章納須彌于芥子，我們可用“小中見大”；文章在詼諧的話語中潛藏著深刻嚴(yán)肅的思想，我們可用“寓莊于諧”；文章“外枯而中膏，似淡而實(shí)美”（蘇軾語），我們可用“淡而有味”；文章反復(fù)書寫，極盡鋪陳之能事，我們可用“用墨如潑”；文中有鮮明的畫境，我們可用“文中有畫”。此外，還有“奇句奪目”、“樂景寫哀”、“托物言志”、“化丑為美”、“以動(dòng)襯靜”、“烘云托月”、“以景結(jié)情”、“疏密相間”、“情景交融”、“首尾呼應(yīng)”等等。不過，千萬不能機(jī)械套用，一定要到什么山唱什么歌，見什么文用什么語。

8、內(nèi)容形式，互相聯(lián)系

《湖南省2005年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試大綱補(bǔ)充說明》中21題題型示例為：

從下列題目中任選一個(gè)，寫一篇 300 字左右的賞析短文。（15 分）① 試析《報(bào)秋》的主題思想及其表現(xiàn)。② 《報(bào)秋》的藝術(shù)手法賞析。③ 談?wù)劇秷?bào)秋》的構(gòu)思技巧。

顯然，考生選擇① 題，必須聯(lián)系主題思想及其表現(xiàn)兩方面賞析；選擇②題或③題，或側(cè)重于藝術(shù)手法賞析，或側(cè)重于構(gòu)思技巧鑒賞，但是，寫作時(shí)也不能脫離文章思想內(nèi)容。因?yàn)椋问绞菫閮?nèi)容服務(wù)的，反過來內(nèi)容也需要依靠形式來表現(xiàn)。所以，評(píng)價(jià)作品的藝術(shù)特色時(shí)，萬不可棄思想內(nèi)容而不顧，評(píng)價(jià)作品的思想內(nèi)容時(shí)，也可以適當(dāng)提及表現(xiàn)手法。當(dāng)然，它們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是各不相同的。

9、常見毛病，多多注意（1）以述代評(píng)

某些同學(xué)或由于練習(xí)寫作太少，或因?yàn)楦爬üαΣ粔?，常常出現(xiàn)“以述代評(píng)”現(xiàn)象。

應(yīng)知：述只是手段，評(píng)才是目的；述是為了評(píng)，要評(píng)就得述；述的語言應(yīng)該高度概括，分析評(píng)論的語言要盡可能翔實(shí)?？梢赃吺鲞呂鲞呍u(píng)。（2）以感代評(píng)

有的同學(xué)沒弄清文學(xué)賞析類文章與讀后感的區(qū)別，把300字左右的賞析短文寫成了讀后感。

應(yīng)知：文學(xué)評(píng)論是對(duì)文學(xué)作品本身進(jìn)行客觀的評(píng)析，讀后感是對(duì)文章（不限于文學(xué)作品）發(fā)出的感想，二者不可混淆。

（3）評(píng)語空洞。不能只顧胡亂的貼標(biāo)簽，要注重?cái)⑽鲈u(píng)的有機(jī)結(jié)合，觀點(diǎn)下面要有切實(shí)的分析論證。（4）觀點(diǎn)含混。

動(dòng)筆前要疏清思路，明確觀點(diǎn)，精心構(gòu)思，打好提綱；否則有可能信馬由韁，彼此混雜，不知所云，猶如亂麻。

（5）褒貶失當(dāng)。評(píng)析得從文本實(shí)際出發(fā)，不能僅憑個(gè)人好惡，任意拔高或貶低。

第二篇：怎樣寫詩歌賞析文章

怎樣寫詩歌賞析文章

詩歌賞析文章一般有兩種寫法：

⑴綜合分析法——通過對(duì)全詩的整體分析，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。在這種體式下，較完整的寫法是： A.作者簡(jiǎn)介。B.作品寫作背景簡(jiǎn)介。

C.作品意象分析（詩句的解釋或翻譯，詩句所表達(dá)的情感、思想，詩句表達(dá)的意境）。

D.作品藝術(shù)手法分析（通常結(jié)合在作品意象分析之中）。E.作品藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)的綜合評(píng)價(jià)（往往帶有總結(jié)的意味）。如果不要求很完整，則可不寫作者簡(jiǎn)介、寫作背景兩部分。

⑵主題分析法—就詩歌最突出的方面進(jìn)行分析，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。采用這種寫法時(shí)，往往只抓住一個(gè)方面，如意境、語言表現(xiàn)力、某一手法的表達(dá)思想情感的妙處等等。對(duì)于其他方面，則不論及，因而它的篇幅一般較短小。

必須指出的是，無論采用那一種寫法，都應(yīng)該有欣賞者自己對(duì)詩歌的理解和分析，力戒人云亦云、甚或抄襲。

怎樣評(píng)析詩歌的藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)

意境的鑒賞：宏偉壯麗、雄渾闊大、雄奇壯麗、清新明麗，雅靜秀麗、寧靜淡泊、悠閑平和、柔婉幽深、含蓄深遠(yuǎn)、迷離恍惚、奇?zhèn)ピ幾H

語言的鑒賞：賞析評(píng)論詩歌的一個(gè)極其重要的方法：從品味語言入手。語言的鑒賞可以注釋含義，詞語的解釋要注意什么：既要考慮詞語的本身意義，又要注意詞語的具體語言環(huán)境，才能更好地把握詩人的原意，進(jìn)入詩的境界。

語言的特點(diǎn)：樸素通俗、自然平淡、（平淡之中現(xiàn)出豐富的感情和深邃的意蘊(yùn)）清新優(yōu)美、華麗奇譎、語言富有節(jié)奏感：音樂性、音節(jié)十分和諧、圓滿；朗朗上口。

語言的作用：

1）形象性作用――在敘事寫人，繪景狀物中語言有鮮明、具體、生動(dòng)傳神的形象性作用；

2〕情感性作用――語言有表達(dá)作者對(duì)作品中的人和事的鮮明的情感作用，包括褒揚(yáng)或貶斥等；

3〕結(jié)構(gòu)性作用――語言還有過渡照應(yīng)作用

4〕精確性作用――主要是指在表達(dá)概念時(shí)的準(zhǔn)確恰當(dāng)，修飾、限制、補(bǔ)充性詞語在表意方面的精確、嚴(yán)密；

使用典故的作用：典故可以使作品含意豐富，蘊(yùn)藉深厚，語言精煉，還有一些作品借史抒懷，托古見志。

多種表達(dá)方式的使用：多指記敘、描寫、抒情、議論。一般的說詩歌大多是先記敘或描寫，然后抒情或議論。也有情景交融，情在描寫之中的。還有些詩歌是屬于托物言志的通過物，一種象征意義，表達(dá)作者的情志，描寫景物的特點(diǎn)，遠(yuǎn)近結(jié)合，動(dòng)靜相襯，以虛寫實(shí)，虛實(shí)結(jié)合，聲、畫、意結(jié)合，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)優(yōu)美的形象，又給人以無限的想象：詩中有畫：讀一首詩，又象是在看一幅畫，聽一曲音樂。是在體驗(yàn)一種情。畫面外，詩歌外還有一片天地。

表現(xiàn)形式的鑒賞：主要是指對(duì)比、映襯、反襯、象征

修辭手法的運(yùn)用：

比喻和比擬的作用：生動(dòng)、形象、具體；擬物常常對(duì)描寫的對(duì)象表示憎恨和蔑視

對(duì)比的作用：使相反或相對(duì)事物的特征或本質(zhì)更為突出，更為鮮明 設(shè)問的作用：引起讀者注意，啟發(fā)思考，加深理解

反問的作用：加強(qiáng)語勢(shì)，鮮明有力，感情更強(qiáng)烈，更富啟發(fā)性

想象和聯(lián)想：閱讀欣賞和評(píng)價(jià)還應(yīng)該驅(qū)遣自己的想象進(jìn)入作者創(chuàng)設(shè)的境界，甚至插上聯(lián)想的翅膀，對(duì)境界中的景和物，人和事作出進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充、發(fā)揮，使之更加完美。想象是讀者通過語言，進(jìn)行想象，勾勒描繪圖景，聯(lián)想是在畫面的基礎(chǔ)上由此及彼給予聯(lián)想。

比較與質(zhì)疑：

從質(zhì)疑方面說，提出與作品不同的觀點(diǎn)或見解，樹立靶子，即揭示評(píng)論者所要批駁的觀點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)疑這一評(píng)論的方法時(shí)，可以結(jié)合“評(píng)論要知人論世”“評(píng)論的角度”和評(píng)論的另一方法“比較”來進(jìn)行，比較，可以是全面比較，也可以是某個(gè)方面比較，如：主旨的比較，體裁的比較，語言的比較等，既可以同一作者、同一題裁的不同表現(xiàn)形式、不同思想感情比較，也可以不同作者、不同題裁的相同表現(xiàn)形式、相同思想感情比較，要著重解決如何選擇和把握可比之點(diǎn)。比較時(shí)，不要只注意細(xì)枝末節(jié)而忽略了主要方面。

文章賞析之表達(dá)技巧

一、鑒賞角度

1、鑒賞文學(xué)作品的形象、語言、表達(dá)技巧——藝術(shù)形式

2、評(píng)價(jià)文學(xué)作品的思想內(nèi)容和作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度——思想內(nèi)容

二、表達(dá)技巧（1）表達(dá)方式

①敘述種類：順敘、倒敘、插敘、補(bǔ)敘、平敘。

②描寫種類：人物描寫（肖像描寫、心理描寫、語言描寫、動(dòng)作描寫、細(xì)節(jié)描寫），環(huán)境描寫（場(chǎng)面描寫、景物描寫）。③描寫技法：以動(dòng)襯靜、化靜為動(dòng)、動(dòng)靜結(jié)合；虛實(shí)結(jié)合、點(diǎn)面結(jié)合；明暗結(jié)合；正面描寫、側(cè)面描寫、正側(cè)結(jié)合；聲色結(jié)合、繪形繪色繪聲；遠(yuǎn)近高低，粗筆勾勒，白描等。

④抒情方面：直接抒情（直抒胸臆），間接抒情（借景抒情、寓情于景、托物言志，敘述式抒情，描寫式抒情，議論式抒情），情景交融、情景相生、以景襯情、一切景語皆情語。

（2）表現(xiàn)手法

聯(lián)想、想象、象征、襯托、對(duì)比、渲染、烘托、抑揚(yáng)、虛實(shí)、托物言志、借景抒情、寓情于景。

（3）行文構(gòu)思

①開門見山，卒章顯志，首尾照應(yīng)，畫龍點(diǎn)睛，以小見大，先總后分，先分后總，承上啟下，起承轉(zhuǎn)合，層層深入，前后照應(yīng)，渾然天成，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，思維嚴(yán)密等。

② 線索、過渡、鋪墊、伏筆、暗示、照應(yīng)、呼應(yīng)、懸念、起伏、波瀾等。

③ 構(gòu)思精巧，別具一格，不落窠臼，自出機(jī)杼，有創(chuàng)新，一波三折，錯(cuò)落參差，曲折有致。

（4）選材剪裁：

材料與中心一致，主次詳略得當(dāng)，材料典型、真實(shí)、新穎、有力等。

三、文章賞析寫作的基本要求

（1）要讀懂文本，弄清步驟

賞析正確與否，最關(guān)鍵的是要讀懂文本。閱讀文本時(shí)，一般采用“總體－部分－再總體”的步驟。一般寫作步驟不妨這樣：精讀作品——確定賞析對(duì)象——作出基本評(píng)價(jià)——精選復(fù)述、節(jié)錄內(nèi)容——用準(zhǔn)確精煉的語言寫作成文。

（2）要點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確，角度宜小、穩(wěn)

評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中首要的考查內(nèi)容是把握“賞析要點(diǎn)和角度”。在正副標(biāo)題都存在的情況下，正標(biāo)題往往是文章賞析內(nèi)容的暗示和指向，副標(biāo)題則是文章賞析要點(diǎn)和切入角度。要點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確還包括準(zhǔn)確理解。把握題目中的專有名詞。應(yīng)盡量選擇那些切入點(diǎn)小，最能結(jié)合作品的、最能深入地闡發(fā)的、自己最熟悉最有把握的角度。

（3）定位準(zhǔn)確，述析評(píng)有機(jī)結(jié)合文章賞析要有明確的中心，這個(gè)中心就是從所選題目中的要點(diǎn)和切入點(diǎn)出發(fā)，從文本的實(shí)際出發(fā)，找到一個(gè)賞析要點(diǎn)范圍內(nèi)的中心觀點(diǎn)，然后圍繞中心，結(jié)合文本進(jìn)行賞析?！笆觥笔且迷闹心切╆P(guān)鍵性的能證明中心論點(diǎn)的典型事件、情節(jié)描寫及語句來作例證?！霸u(píng)”即對(duì)作品作出的正確、客觀、公允的評(píng)價(jià)，也就是文章的中心?！拔觥本褪歉鶕?jù)確立的中心論點(diǎn)，用“述”的材料來證明、揭示中心的過程。

（4）安排好結(jié)構(gòu)

結(jié)構(gòu)混亂、層次不清會(huì)導(dǎo)致表達(dá)不清，表達(dá)不清會(huì)導(dǎo)致中心水明，中心不明會(huì)導(dǎo)致得分不高。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“總——分”或“總——分——總”。總：提出觀點(diǎn)（看法），分：從文章中找出支撐觀點(diǎn)的材料（選準(zhǔn)內(nèi)容、條分縷析、突出效果），總：歸納總結(jié)（或拓展或照應(yīng)或評(píng)價(jià)）。

（5）要運(yùn)用術(shù)語，講究文采

適當(dāng)運(yùn)用鑒賞術(shù)語不僅有助于準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔、生動(dòng)地表達(dá)鑒賞內(nèi)容。寫作賞析短文要講究文學(xué)性?！把灾疅o文，行而不遠(yuǎn)”所以賞析文章要有文采。

四、如何寫“表達(dá)技巧”類的文章賞析

（一）一般結(jié)構(gòu)：

1、第一自然段 準(zhǔn)確點(diǎn)出該文運(yùn)用了什么樣的表達(dá)技巧，或者寫出自己對(duì)這篇文章表達(dá)技巧上的總體評(píng)價(jià)。

2、第二自然段 結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容和語句進(jìn)行概述分析與評(píng)價(jià)。（或分幾個(gè)自然段）

3、小結(jié)，可以寫自己的感受。（也可不寫）

（二）分析文章表達(dá)技巧一定要聯(lián)系文章主題。

第三篇：英語短文賞析1

音樂的魅力

I have to say that music really has a strong attractiveness to me.Naturally, everyone can choose suitable music to listen to.However, when you find a kind of music which can bring happiness to you, you will be surprised and become excited.Music has a magical energy, and it can help people gain good mood in a great extent.我想說的是音樂對(duì)我真的有一股強(qiáng)大的吸引力。很自然，每個(gè)人都能選擇適合自己的音樂去聆聽。然而，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)一種能夠帶給你巨大幸福的音樂時(shí)，你將會(huì)很驚訝很激動(dòng)。音樂有一種神奇的力量，在很大程度上，音樂能夠幫助人們獲得好心情。

When you feel sad, you can have a try to listen to soothing music.At first, soothing music will let you calm down.You will find that you will play much attention to the music, and then your sadness can be decreased.You will enter music ocean.You can experience a baptism of your heart.It does not matter that when you listen to soothing music and you want to cry, you should just follow yourself feeling to have a thorough release.Music will give you enough encourage to overcome difficulties.當(dāng)你感到悲傷時(shí)，你可以嘗試聽一下舒緩的音樂。首先，舒緩的音樂可以讓你平靜下來，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你將會(huì)把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到音樂上，這樣你的悲傷就會(huì)減少了。你進(jìn)入了音樂的海洋。你也經(jīng)歷了一次心靈的洗禮。當(dāng)你聽舒緩音樂時(shí)忍不住想要哭時(shí)，不要有任何顧慮，就跟著你的感覺走，讓自己有一個(gè)完全的釋放。音樂會(huì)給你足夠的勇氣來戰(zhàn)勝困難的。

Music also can double your happiness and arouse the fighting.For instance, when you solve some very difficult situations and gain success eventually, you will have a great mood.At this time, exciting music will witness your success.You will feel satisfied.Music lets you remember the glorious moment and cherish your success.Music can give you unlimited motivation to achieve goals，because you still want to listen to glorious music.音樂當(dāng)然也可以讓你的快樂加倍并且激發(fā)你的斗志。例如，當(dāng)你解決了許許多多的困難并且最終成功時(shí)，你就會(huì)有一個(gè)好心情。這時(shí)，振奮人心的音樂會(huì)見證你的成功。你會(huì)感到滿足，音樂會(huì)讓你記得這個(gè)光榮的時(shí)刻并且讓你珍惜你的成功。音樂給了你無限的動(dòng)力取得成功，因?yàn)槟阋琅f想要聽到光榮的音樂再次響起。

In addition, music includes a lot of useful knowledge.People can learn precious knowledge from music.Because there is different music, we can find out that different nations have different music thoughts to express.And from music, we can listen to music culture.Music culture will give you a deeper understanding to learn foreign culture, such as foreign language, foreign history and foreign traditional customs and so on.In a word, music has an important effect on promoting society development.此外，音樂還囊括了許許多多有用的知識(shí)。人們可以從音樂中學(xué)到珍貴的知識(shí)。由于存在著很多不同的音樂，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的的國(guó)家所表達(dá)音樂思想不同。從音樂中，我們可以聆聽到音樂文化。音樂文化將會(huì)給你一個(gè)更深的理解力去學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)文化，例如外語，外國(guó)歷史，外國(guó)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗等。總而言之，音樂對(duì)促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展有著重要的影響。

Music indeed has a magical power to help people and society develop.I believe that music will still continue to bring us many surprises.As the development of society, great music will become more important.音樂的確有著神奇的力量來幫助人們和社會(huì)發(fā)展。我相信音樂依舊會(huì)帶給我們?cè)S多驚喜。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，好的音樂會(huì)變得越來越重要。

第四篇：賞析短文寫作指導(dǎo)

賞析短文寫作指導(dǎo)

? 第一、先明白命題的考核目的，然后準(zhǔn)確、全面、透徹地解讀文本。抓住關(guān)鍵句，進(jìn)行思路分析。

? 第二、賞析短文的表述：文章結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，一般采用“總說——分說——總結(jié)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。首先要單刀直入、開門見山地提出論點(diǎn)，也就是提出你對(duì)該文的總體評(píng)價(jià)。然后就原作內(nèi)容進(jìn)行復(fù)述、介紹、引用，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行分析評(píng)價(jià)，也就是采用“述評(píng)結(jié)合”的方法，一定要“述 ”和“評(píng)”相結(jié)合。? 第三、適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用鑒賞的常用術(shù)語。? 第四、表達(dá)要準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔。

寫作賞析短文的專業(yè)術(shù)語(一)主題思想：

立意深刻獨(dú)到,鞭辟入里；突破定勢(shì),標(biāo)新立異；主旨深遠(yuǎn),意蘊(yùn)豐富；言近旨遠(yuǎn),耐人尋味；言有盡而意無窮；人無我有,人有我奇；意境深遠(yuǎn)．(二)構(gòu)思技巧：

構(gòu)思,是作者對(duì)自己將要?jiǎng)邮謱懽鞯奈恼聫膬?nèi)容到形式所作的總體設(shè)想。構(gòu)思的外在表現(xiàn)形式為文章結(jié)構(gòu)。文章的構(gòu)思技巧主要從作品的立意、選材、結(jié)構(gòu)安排、體裁、意境、表現(xiàn)手法等方面去判別。常見的鑒賞角度和術(shù)語：

①從立意的構(gòu)思及其表現(xiàn)看,常用術(shù)語有開門見山、見解獨(dú)到、畫龍點(diǎn)睛、卒章顯志、形散神聚、以小見大、發(fā)人深省、托物言志、寓言寄意、對(duì)比反襯、欲揚(yáng)先抑、欲抑先揚(yáng)、欲擒故縱、反彈琵琶、逆向思維等。

②從選材、組材的構(gòu)思及其表現(xiàn)看,常用術(shù)語有

以小見大、以點(diǎn)帶面,正反映襯(對(duì)比對(duì)照)、搖曳多姿,形散神聚、巧設(shè)線索、明暗交織,選材典型、多角度描寫、詳略得當(dāng)?shù)取?/p>

③從結(jié)構(gòu)安排(或者說上下文的關(guān)系)的構(gòu)思來看,常用術(shù)語有前后照應(yīng)(首尾呼應(yīng))、層層鋪墊、巧設(shè)伏筆(鋪墊)、巧設(shè)懸念、巧妙勾連,層層推進(jìn)(層層深入、步步遞進(jìn))、層層剝筍,對(duì)比烘托、搖曳多姿,紅線串珠(彩線串珠)、形散神聚、渾然天成,總分總式,并列結(jié)構(gòu),縱橫捭闔、開合自如,情節(jié)波瀾、張弛有度等。

④賞析意境、表現(xiàn)手法等方面的構(gòu)思技巧,常用術(shù)語有

虛實(shí)結(jié)合、虛實(shí)相生、思維嚴(yán)密、構(gòu)思精巧、不落窠臼、運(yùn)用蒙太奇手法等．(三)藝術(shù)手法：

1.表達(dá)方式：敘述、描寫、議論、抒情、說明等。

2.表現(xiàn)手法：比興,聯(lián)想和想象,象征, 烘托,對(duì)比,渲染,用典,諷喻． 3.修辭手法：比喻、擬人、排比、反復(fù)、對(duì)偶等。

4.寫作技巧：以動(dòng)襯靜,動(dòng)靜結(jié)合；虛實(shí)結(jié)合；點(diǎn)面結(jié)合；側(cè)面描寫；粗筆勾勒；工筆細(xì)描；繪形繪聲繪色；

5.描寫手法：肖像描寫、動(dòng)作描寫、心理描寫、環(huán)境描寫(景物描寫)、細(xì)節(jié)描寫等。6.抒情方式：直接抒情(直抒胸臆),間接抒情(情景交融、借景抒情、托物言志、寓情于景、情景交融、情景相生、以樂景襯哀情)。(四)語言特色：

清新明快, 簡(jiǎn)潔洗練, 含而不露, 簡(jiǎn)筆勾勒,濃墨重彩, 體物入微, 窮形盡相, 詩情畫意,富有哲理, 耐人尋味, 形神兼?zhèn)? 語言淺近明白如話, 言簡(jiǎn)意豐, 行云流水,平實(shí)質(zhì)樸,詼諧幽默, 辛辣諷刺, 準(zhǔn)確精當(dāng), 形象生動(dòng),惟妙惟肖, 淋漓盡致, 留有空白, 情韻悠長(zhǎng),力透紙背, 入木三分。把握賞析短文的寫作方法,規(guī)范答題格式 ㈠、標(biāo)題 基本要求： ①使用題目給定的標(biāo)題

②格式:正標(biāo)題空四個(gè)格子,副標(biāo)題另起一行,空六個(gè)格子 ㈡、領(lǐng)起段寫作要求：

①明確賞析對(duì)象,緊扣所選的題目寫(正標(biāo)題是觀點(diǎn),副標(biāo)題是寫作角度)②做出總體評(píng)價(jià) 基本格式：

(1)賞析“主題思想及其表現(xiàn)”的常用格式：

a、本文通過記敘(描寫)……,表達(dá)了作者……的思想感情．

例：《項(xiàng)鏈》通過描寫瑪?shù)贍柕乱允甑暮寥憧嗳ベr償一條借來的假項(xiàng)鏈的悲劇故事,尖銳地諷刺了小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)虛榮心和追求享樂的思想。b、……是《……》的主題．

例：描寫群眾的愚昧和革命者的悲哀是魯迅的短篇小說《藥》的主題思想． ②賞析藝術(shù)手法：

本文主要采用了……的藝術(shù)手法,生動(dòng)形象地表現(xiàn)了……,具有很強(qiáng)的藝術(shù)感染力．(手法+表達(dá)效果)例：朱自清在《荷塘月色》一文中大量運(yùn)用了比喻的修辭手法,描摹景色形象生動(dòng),表達(dá)感情細(xì)膩入微。(《鮮明的比喻—— 藝術(shù)手法簡(jiǎn)析》領(lǐng)起段)③構(gòu)思技巧：

a、……是《……》構(gòu)思上最突出的特點(diǎn)．

例:以時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、情感為線索,三線并進(jìn),娓娓道來,是《在山陰道上》謀篇布局上最突出的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。(《簡(jiǎn)析 謀篇布局的技巧》領(lǐng)起段)b、《……》構(gòu)思上最大的特點(diǎn)是……． 例：《在山陰道上》一文在謀篇布局上最大的特點(diǎn)是文章以明、暗兩條線索相互交錯(cuò),使文章條理清晰,布局精巧。(《簡(jiǎn)析 謀篇布局的技巧》領(lǐng)起段)㈢、主體部分基本要求：

①緊扣領(lǐng)起段提出的觀點(diǎn)分析． ②邊敘邊議． ③注意條理,適當(dāng)運(yùn)用序數(shù)詞． ④適當(dāng)提段． ㈣、總結(jié)段 基本要求： ①再現(xiàn)觀點(diǎn)

②運(yùn)用術(shù)語(如“總之”“綜上所述”“總而言之”等)例：a.總之,《在山陰道上》一文以時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、情感三條線索,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,密不可分,從而使情感升華,主題深化。(《簡(jiǎn)析 謀篇布局的技巧》總結(jié)段)b.總而言之,《荷塘月色》一文運(yùn)用鮮明的比喻,既形象地描寫了荷塘月色的美景,也傳達(dá)了作者對(duì)荷塘的喜愛之情。

范文引路：

怎一個(gè)妙字了得(正標(biāo)題是觀點(diǎn),是寫作的小的切入點(diǎn))——賞析《登泰山記》的藝術(shù)手法(副標(biāo)題是寫作角度)《登泰山記》一文巧妙地運(yùn)用了側(cè)面烘托和比喻擬人等藝術(shù)手法,生動(dòng)地描寫了泰山雪后初晴的瑰麗景色和日出時(shí)的雄渾景象,具有很強(qiáng)的藝術(shù)感染力．(領(lǐng)起段： 手法+表達(dá)效果 ①明確賞析對(duì)象,緊扣所選的題目寫②做出總體評(píng)價(jià))抓住特征巧妙烘托,是本文寫作上的一個(gè)重要特征。本文描寫景物很少直接寫出,而是采用側(cè)面烘托的辦法。(評(píng))例如,先用“其級(jí)七千有余”(敘)暗暗點(diǎn)出泰山的雄偉(析),然后借山頂俯視所見“半山居霧”和在日觀亭時(shí)“足下皆云漫”的圖景(敘)從側(cè)面烘托泰山的高峻(析)。又如寫雪,除“冰雪”“雪與人膝齊”等正面描寫外,又以“明燭天南”“白若”“絳皓駁色”(敘)等作側(cè)面烘托,給人以想象,又生動(dòng)有趣(析)。

本文使用比喻和擬人手法也各具特點(diǎn)。(評(píng))“蒼山負(fù)雪,明燭天南”(敘).作者不言冰雪覆蓋青山,卻說青山背負(fù)著雪,賦予靜態(tài)的青山以人的動(dòng)態(tài),用語新穎、傳神(析).“汶水、徂徠如畫,而半山居霧若帶然”(敘),作者縱目遠(yuǎn)眺,夕陽照耀著泰安城,汶水、徂徠好像自然天成的山水畫,而山腰間停留著的云霧好像飄帶一般。“半山居霧”,不僅把動(dòng)態(tài)的物寫成靜態(tài),使人感受到那種特有的寧靜氣息,而且設(shè)喻新奇,給人以美的享受(析).“回視日觀以西峰,或得日,或否,絳皓駁色,而皆若僂”(敘),這一比喻,寫出了西南諸峰的特點(diǎn),更顯出日觀峰的雄峻,且賦予山峰以人的感情,形象而生動(dòng)(析)。(主體部分：①緊扣領(lǐng)起段提出的觀點(diǎn)分析．②邊敘邊議．③注意條理,適當(dāng)運(yùn)用序數(shù)詞．④適當(dāng)提段．)總之,本文巧妙的運(yùn)用多種藝術(shù)手法,寫出了泰山的神秀壯麗,能喚起人們對(duì)泰山的向往,讓人深刻地感受到祖國(guó)山河的壯美,真乃怎一個(gè)妙字了得。(總結(jié)段：①再現(xiàn)觀點(diǎn)②運(yùn)用術(shù)語(如“總之”“綜上所述”“總而言之”等)文章的寫作技巧為設(shè)喻說理，借拔牙寫剿匪，特別指官匪，生動(dòng) 形象。作者自己口中的那些蟲牙，不但不能為自己的身體服務(wù)，反而危害自己的身體，根本沒有替作者造福的能力。作者非但不能通緝他們，還要袒護(hù)他們，但他們卻仍要與作者作對(duì)。這巧妙的隱喻了當(dāng)時(shí)黑暗的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，體現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)官員的腐敗無能。不為民為國(guó)造福，反而危害人民，危害國(guó)家。而人民還要在他們的苛政之下生活，還要送東西孝敬他們。

作者起先反對(duì)在口中剿匪，認(rèn)為自己要有文王之德，而后受到了勸告，要剿匪；事成后，全無痛苦，還裝了十來根方方正正的假牙。這隱喻；貪官污吏被滿門抄斬后，換上一批盡職盡責(zé)的官員，為人民造福。通篇采用設(shè)喻說理，暗喻當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)。通俗易懂，十分有趣。

本文語言幽默、詼諧。把拔牙比作剿匪，把牙齒拔光就是要把國(guó)土上的官匪肅清。作者沒有一本正經(jīng)地講述自己的主題，而是從自身出發(fā)，從牙齒出發(fā)。莊嚴(yán)之中也帶著一點(diǎn)小俏皮。作者形象地揭露出一些官位處于國(guó)家棟梁之位，被人民滋養(yǎng)，卻危害國(guó)家；不為人民造福，卻殘害人民。本文的語言讓讀者欣賞的同時(shí)，也給人一種幽默的感覺。可讀完后，卻能使讀者陷入沉思。

這篇文章具有強(qiáng)烈的諷刺意義，諷刺了那些官匪，對(duì)待他們千萬不可采取隱忍、孝敬的態(tài)度，對(duì)官匪的仁慈是不對(duì)的，對(duì)他們唯一的辦法就是興兵伐紂，替天行道。

第五篇：優(yōu)秀英語短文賞析

優(yōu)秀英語短文賞析

1.On Open Policy

The open policy means that our country is open to investment, trade and technical and economic cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.The purpose of open policy is to acquire advanced technology, management skills to serve our socialist construction so as to promote the realization of the four modernizations.We must stick to the open policy.Because economic relations between states today have become increasingly close, and no country can possibly advance behind closed doors.Only in this way can we gradually close the gap between our country and the developed countries.Through the implementation of policy, we can learn advanced technology and managerial expertise from abroad;make full use of the foreign capitals to set up great enterprises;absorb useful and healthy ideas and new knowledge of the modern civilization;and broaden our views and raise our level of competence.2.The place of Science and Technology in Modern Life.Human life can not continue without science and technology.For many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind.So the life we are living now is more civilized than that of our fore fathers.The development of science and technology have brought about many changes in people's life.for example, the invention of television and space rocket have opened a new era for mankind.Through the use of TV people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away.Owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of man's landing on the moon has now come true.Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction.We may say, our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base.Without the base, the skyscraper can't be built.Therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country.3.Importance of Education

China, as a developing country, is determined to catch up with and even surpass the developed ones.I think that one of the best possible ways to do so is to give first priority(優(yōu)先）to the development of culture, science and especially education.In modern times, when science and technology are making great progress, the education of the work force is of primary importance.Moreover, many of the success in advanced countries have demonstrated that a nation 's prosperity mainly depends on the quality of its labour force, namely those who have been well educated.In a developing country such as China, our investment in culture, education and science, and especially elementary education, must enjoy top priority.This is crucial(決定性的）for China to catch up with the developed nations in today's surging(洶涌的)waves of technological revolution.Otherwise, the gap between China and advanced countries will be widened rather than bridged.4.Air Pollution

Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world.A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations.Automobile, trains, planes and busses need energy, too.Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels.The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution.Scientists are finding ways to stop air pollution especially in big industrial areas and densely-populated cities.They are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment.In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluted material.Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment.However, it may be that we still have a long way to go before we have a “clean” world.Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control air pollution.There indeed seems to be no end to tasks that environmentalists will be required to do.People will continually find new ways to control pollution.5.Environmental Protection

Today the quality of our natural environment has become an important issue.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we continue to do this, life on earth cannot survive.Concerned people have made some progress in environmental protection.Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.Still more measures should be taken to solve environmental problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems, to use modern methods of birth control, to conserve(保存）our natural resources and recycle（再循環(huán)）our products.We are sure that we can have a better and cleaner place in the future.6.Automobiles

Automobiles, as a product of modern civilization, have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of human society.Industry needs automobiles for farming as well as transportation.Every day, automobiles drive people to and from work.On weekends automobiles take families for joyful outings.And during holiday seasons, automobiles fill the highways everywhere, even in remote areas.It could be said that the wheels of automobiles move society forward.But automobiles have also given rise to a series of problems.For example, cities are overcrowded with automobiles.They create a lot of noise and traffic accidents which disable（傷殘）or kill many people each year.Worst of all perhaps is the air pollution caused by the exhaust gases produced by automobiles.Some of the gases are highly toxic(有毒的）and a serious health hazard.7.Computer

The computer is widely used in all fields of society.Today, wherever you go, you will find computers being used.For example, computers are used in universities, large corporations, and small offices, etc.It has even entered the homes of ordinary people.As it is able to store and process a large amount of information, the computer bring about great convenience and high efficiency to people of all walks of life.Computers can help people in different ways.For example, computer help scientists in analyzing data and doing complex calculation.For another example, computers are made use of by engineers in designing a plane, or a spaceship.Besides, computers may also play a great role in helping children with their lesson.Whatever you are doing, you many find computer a useful aid.However, the computer must be designed and instructed by man.What is more, it is true that computers can make decisions, but they need detailed instructions and programs prepared by humans to operate.Therefore, the computer can never replace the human brain.8.Travelling

It is exciting to visit different places.As you travel, you will see beautiful sceneries typical of the region.Besides, you can meet and make friends with people of different colors and races.Finally, you can get to know the customs and living habits of the local people.Today people are so fond of travelling that tourism has become one of the fasters growing industries in most countries.The main reason why people travel is, perhaps, for pleasure.For example, having worked hard throughout the weekdays, people will find a widened trip to the nearby mountains or beaches a real relaxation.For another example, spending an annual holiday travelling abroad is an especially satisfying experience for those who do not have much of an opportunity to be away from their homelands.When people return from their travel, they will generally feel fresh and energetic, ready to work harder.Travelling is also one of the best means for learning.You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself.Seeing is believing.Furthermore, if you area careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit.No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling.The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book.9.The World Population Explosion

The human race has experienced a consistent increase in population since the beginning of its history.Famine and disease have done little to offset(抵消）this steady increase.Too many people are added annually to the population of the world.So both the causes of population increase and the results of having more people are worth careful study.Culture evolution is the major factor responsible for population increase.Early in human development, people invented tools to hunt animals.Later they built shelters to protect themselves.Step by step, they made life easier.As a result, fewer died from natural forces, such as harsh climate and disease.In the past, when population grew, there was unexplored territory to inhabit.But now, almost all the habitable land has been explored.The world's population may reach 8.7 billion in 2033.It is clear that world population is a serious issue that needs careful attention.Human beings are unique to solve problems through cultural evolution.(發(fā)展）Facing the world population explosion in the near future.we must carry out the birth control program in order to save the mankind and save the world.10.Opening-door Policy is the Only Way to Make China Strong

Modern Chinese history leads us to the conclusion that socialism, not capitalism is best for China.But how a socialist China should look at capitalism and more importantly, make use of the better side of capitalism for its own advantage is of vital(至關(guān)）importance to the country.As far as our country's economic construction is concerned, taking advantage of the part of capitalism that is useful to us means we need to develop foreign trade, introduce advanced technology and better management, and make use of foreign funds.It also means we can absorb some of the economic theories, and make use of those economic policies, methods and measures that comply with(遵循）the law of mass production and a commodity economy.By opening our windows wider to the outside world, people can learn more about other peoples and learn to make sensible judgments.absorbing the better part of the cultures of other people to enrich ourselves is the best way to safeguard our socialist culture.So taking advantage of capitalism and stepping up economic reforms is the only way to make China strong.Closing the county to international exchanges will only keep it weak.11.Choosing an Occupation

Every one faces the problem of choosing an occupation after graduation from college or university, which plays a vital role in his life.An appropriate occupation makes a man work with zest(熱情）and vigor, as well as contribute to his country.To make a wise choice, two important things should be taken into consideration.One is the interest, the other, the demands of people and society.Only if the two aspects are connected, can a man show his talent and ability to the best advantage.If the two conflict, the former should be under the latter, for the people's interests are more important than the individual's.In regard to my choice in the future, I am fond of learning foreign languages;what is more, with the implementation of the Open-Door Policy, exchange between home and abroad in economy and culture has been growing significantly, thus I'm determined to be a qualified interpreter.12.Studying abroad In recent years, studying abroad has been popular.Tens of thousands of Chinese teenagers have gone to foreign countries for further study.As is shown on the chart, the number of the teenagers studying abroad is increasing steadily.At the end of 2002, about 40% of the students studying abroad were middle school students.By the year 2005, the proportion can reach up to more than 80%.It is believed that there are many advantages in attending schools abroad.First, students can learn foreign languages more quickly under favorable conditions.Second, it can broaden their experience and help them learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries.However, there are some disadvantages.Most of the students studying abroad are too young to live alone without any living experience.Besides, being far away from their home country, they may feel lonely and homesick.Also, the costs are much higher there than in the native country.As far as I?m concerned, I would like to go further study abroad after graduation from college so that I can make a greater contribution to our country when I come back.13.Modernization of Family Life

With the rapid development of the society, family life is becoming modernized.Years ago, people considered owing radios, sewing machines, watches and bicycles as being modernized.but in recent years, almost all families have TV sets, refrigerators and washing machines.It is very common to see people ride motorcycles or even drive private cars and more and more families have telephones, computers and air-conditioners.The modernization of family life brings us convenience and comfort.One may enjoy TV or radio programs, communicate with his friends through telephone or work with his computer while his washing machine, refrigerator and air-conditioners are running.and by car or motorcycle one can quickly reach wherever he wants to go.In spite of this, these modern facilities also bring us disadvantages.For example, radiation from TV sets and computers is harmful to our health;improper driving of cars and motorcycles becomes the major cause of traffic accidents.The quietness of a family is often disturbed by a falsedialing or unwelcome phone call.but it is believed that these disadvantages will be disposed of with the improvement of modernization and our life will be more healthy and more comfortable.14.Energy Resources

China is rich in various energy resources.Coal and petroleum, for instance, are two major ones.They are essential in developing the country's industry, science and technology.China has done a great deal in the past few decades to raise its output of coal and petroleum.Three energy resources are being used up rapidly, With the building of four modernization, new industrial and science projects are springing up like bamboo shoots after rain.They are all big consumers of energy resources.Besides there has been considerable waste in the utilization of these resources.To avoid an energy crisis in the future, the government must take certain measures.First, it should let people know the importance of saving energy.Second, efforts should be made to develop new energy resources, such as solar energy, geothermal(地?zé)幔〆nergy and so on.We have reason to be optimistic in this respect.15.Competition

Competition makes people original and creative.It very necessary to compete if human society wants to advance.(Even animals compete for survival.)Without it, we would become lazy and nobody would rake any responsibility.When three monks live together, there will be no drinking water.This Chinese proverb vividly describes why China's productivity was so low before Mr Deng came to power.At that time, we had the so-called planned economy.There was no competition at all.So neither farmers nor workers worked hard.China was on the edge of collapse.Competition can stimulate people to try their best to do anything.For example, in 100-meter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win the champion.The same things happen in our society and in our daily life.If a company wants to surpass others, it must compete with them.It must raise its efficiency.All the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole society and the whole human race.Being a student, I must compete with other students in our studies.I must study hard in all the fields so that I can be a useful man when I enter the society after graduation.16.Students’ Part-time jobs

There are many advantages for a student to have a part time job.For instance, it helps him to realize that no success comes from nothing.It enables him to be independent and builds up his self-confidence.Therefore, part-time jobs can get the students out of the ivory tower and give them the opportunity to know more of himself and of his personal value in society.As everything has two sides, the disadvantages can?t be ignored.Part-time jobs cut into students? study time;some even become so preoccupied with making money that they ca ?t focus their attention on studying.In the end, the students may fall behind or fail in their studies.In my opinion, students can choose to take up a job according to their own situation.The most important thing is

for him to keep a good balance, put his study on top of the list and assign an adequate amount of time to it.17.Wealth and Happiness

Everybody wants to get wealth.In today?s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person?s success and capability.Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth.With money, they can but nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood;with money, they can own stately luxury cars.Wealth seems with money, they can own stately luxury cars.Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.In my opinion, people cannot do anything without money, but money is not everything.What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life.If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you.With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will and to your own happiness.If you want money just for your own needs, you?ll never be satisfied or happy.In a word, you should have money spent for more people, only then can money be the source of your happiness.18.Ideals

Everyone has his ideals.A businessman wishes to make greater profit;a farmer expects bumper harvests;a student tries to learn more and better.And everyone strives, with more or less effort, to realize his ideal.One should be sensible about whether his ideal is well founded or not.If it is, one has to plan and work hard for its realization.Effort, skill and persistence are all necessary.And very often, one has to get help from others, including advice and support in one form or another.My ideal is to become a doctor, It is said that the field of medicine is a well-paid profession, but I take it as a lofty profession entrusted with saving people?s lives.To realize my ideal I have concentrated on laboratory work to develop the analytical skills necessary to become a qualified doctor.I am sure I will realize my ideal if I persevere in this pursuit.19.Popular Sports in China

Sports are flourishing in china now.More and more people are willing to take part in sports of different kinds, such as table-tennis, football, volleyball, and so on.Every year there are many matches played on the city, provincial or national level.Sports are no longer limited to a few professional players.Early in the morning people may be seen doing exercise.Martial arts(like Chinese boxing or swordplay)which formerly were cultivated for self-defense, now have become a form of physical exercise and are practiced in parks, streets, gardens, or on campuses.In addition young and old people are also often seen running in order to build up their bodies.China promotes sports to enhance the physical condition of its people;she is formulating policies to provide encouragement of this activity.She awards prizes to the excellent players for the best records both in china and the world.In the world the Chinese have become a strong people instead of “the weaklings of East Asia”.20.Is Failure a Bad Thing?

Failure is what often happens.It is everywhere in our life.Students may fail in exams, scientists may fail in their research work, and athletes may fail in competitions.Although failure happens to everyone, attitudes towards failure are various.Some people don?t think their failure is a very important thing at all.So they pay no attention to it.As a result, they will have the same failure a period later.Some people think themselves are fools and lose their hearts in everything after they get a failure.Consequently, they spend their time and energy on useless things and they may really be fools as they have thought.Other people are quite different from the two kinds of people mentioned above.Instead of being distressed and lost, they draw a lesson from every failure and become more experienced.After hard work, they will be successful in the end.It is said that failure is the mother of success.Success will be gained after times of failures so ling as we are good at drawing lesson from our failures.In my opinion, failure is not a bad thing, the really bad thing is taking a failure as failure or even lose our heart after failure.21.Health and Life

As the saying goes, you don?t know what happiness is until you lose it，you don?t know what health is until

you are ill.“Health is of vital importance to life” sounds like a cliche to everyone, but it is absolutely true.The negligence of the delicate balance of your body and soul, the harmful habits such as smoking, excessive drinking and burning mid-night oil will catch up with you someday.How many big plans are interrupted by bad health!Even a normal life is unimaginable without the guarantee of health.How to keep fit is an eternal topic of diversity and controversy.Regardless of all the different suggestions poured from all kinds of sources, one should do at least two things for him/herself.First, hold an active and optimistic attitude toward life and maintain a mental well-being.Second, live a regular life and keep a balanced diet.Anyway, a healthy life is within reach when you begin to adjust your mind and body.22.Dialect TV plays Last week a discussion was held in our class about whether dialects should be on TV.45% of the students held the idea that a television play is more interesting and enjoyable if a dialect is used.China is a large country where people speak many different dialects.Using dialects on TV programmes can show different cultures in different places, so that people can learn more about our country.However, the other 55% of us didn?t agree with them.They thought that as people in a developing country become more closely related, there should be a common language for communication.If dialects are used on TV, some audiences will not understand the programmes.They will not be able to communicate.Besides, if dialects are used on TV, people who watch it will probably misunderstand what performers intend to express.Some of them may lose interest in watching it.23.Recycle textbooks As we know, when senior students graduate from school, most of their textbooks, which are still in good condition are thrown away.What a great waste it is!Thus, here comes a heated debate on / people have different opinions about whether we should recycle textbooks.Some people are the opponents because they think there is a danger for students when using the recycling textbooks with many bacteria on them, which are bad for children?s health.Furthermore, notes on the pages made by the students may disturb the next users.As for Printing Industry, Publishing Industry and other related ones, it is big loss in making profits.On the other hand, however, many more people think recycling textbooks is a good suggestion, which I quite agree to.For one thing, recycling textbooks can save a lot of natural resources and reduce waste.Besides, a cut in the expenses means less stress for the parents, especially for those relatively less rich ones.And for students, it is also a useful way to develop a good habit of reading and taking care of books, to cultivate the sense of social responsibility of valuing common property and promote the awareness of treasuring natural resources.As a matter of fact, recycling textbooks is very popular with some foreign countries such as Australia, which has set a good example to us.Therefore, recycling textbooks is not only necessary but also helpful.24.Harmonious society What a good boy!Child as he is, he set up a good example to us.Everyone has the responsibility to keep our environment clean.If everyone does as Xiao Ming did, we can imagine how harmonious the society will be.Compared with the whole society, a tiny person perhaps won?t have an opportunity to create a great cause.But if we paid more attention to some tiny things around us, we would make a contribution to the development of the Harmonious Society.25.Happiness Happiness means different things to different people./ Different people value happiness differently.So a survey has been conducted by China Daily lately among students to find out what happiness means to them.29% of the students believe that money can make them happy.They think they can buy and do whatever they like with the money they have.However, 34% of them insist that health is the most important, without which they cannot enjoy themselves.There are another 13% of the students expecting the wealth from their parents, thus they don?t have to work while the rest 24% think they should put knowledge at the first place.But I don?t think money and wealth are the most important.There are many things that you can?t do with money.Healthy body but less knowledge cannot make a great man.So I quite agree to the opinion that mastering more knowledge is the happiest thing in people?s lives.With knowledge we can do lots of useful things to make people live better and happier.Of course we?ll be much clever and much more thoughtful with knowledge.26.Jobs I?m a senior 3 student.My name is Li Ming.Recently I have made a survey among 50 boys and 50 girls.The result of the survey is as follows: What the boys like to do is to become businessmen and scientists.Only a few boys want to be teachers.It is interesting that the number of boys and girls who want to become doctors is equal.As for lawyers, more boys expect to have this job.However, there are still students who are not clear about their future.27.Learning strategy Thank you for writing to me.I?m sorry that you are worried about your study.My suggestions are as follows:

Firstly, you?d better keep in a good mood to overcome test anxiety.It?s important to stay calm when facing difficulties.It will help you relax and concentrate on what you are learning.Don?t step away from a challenge, but go for it.Secondly, it is necessary to make a study scheme and set yourself/have a clear goal.Making a good study plan makes it possible for you to learn more and faster in limited time, and therefore prepares you for the coming exams.Last but not least, you should create your learning strategy so that you can learn more efficiently.Try to find the most appropriate ways to improve your study skills, then you?ll manage your learning effectively.Cheer up and have confidence in your own abilities, and I?m sure you?ll succeed.28.Study at university Next year, I will go to study at university, but I don?t know how to adapt myself to university life.I hear many freshmen are at a loss what to do when they are at university.They can?t take care of themselves in their everyday life, feeling lonely and homesick.Clothes, money or mobile phones are sometimes gone.And because of different climates and food, they often feel sick.Some even rent rooms outside the campus.Could you tell me how to deal with these problems so that I will be able to suit the university life in the future? 29.Power station I?m a middle school student.I hear that a power station will be built near Mt.Yunxia, a place of interest.We know the power station will provide us with plenty of power and as a result, the local economy will develop rapidly, but many citizens and I are against the plan.To build the power station, many people will have to move away and a great number of trees will have to be cut down.What?s worse, once the scenery of Mt.Yunxia is destroyed, it can never be restored.Therefore, this plan is not good for protecting the environment.We suggest the city government should think over the plan.30.Saving Our City As is known to all, it is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities.Rubbish must be treated properly.Otherwise it may pollute the environment and do harm to our health/ cause a lot of problems.It may pollute the air and water.When people breathe(in)the polluted air and drink the polluted water, they may get ill.Our city has begun to pay attention to the problem.As far as I know, some rubbish is sorted and sent to different factories.Rubbish, such as old newspapers and glass, is recycled.Some harmful rubbish is sent to a certain place and buried.Waste air is cleaned before it goes into the air.Waste water is treated before(it is)poured into rivers.At the same time, the government has passed laws to prevent people from throwing rubbish everywhere to protect the environment.We should do our best to take good care of the environment.