第一篇:高考英語知識點中很讓人頭疼的——狀語從句
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高考英語知識點中很讓人頭疼的——狀語從句
關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語 從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
狀語從句(Adverbial Clause)
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時,起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。
根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導,也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開,位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。
時態(tài)特點
一般情況下,時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時”表示“一般將來時”,用“現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。
例如:
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我到北京就將給你打電話。
(這是由as soon as引導的時間狀語從句,從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時,表示一般將來時,絕不可用will arrive)
As soon as I have finished this work, I will have gone home.我一完成此工作,就回家。
(從句中的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時have finished,表示將來完成時,絕不可用will have finished)
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了,請通知我。http://004km.cn/beijing/
(從句中的謂語動詞用comes back,表示一般將來時,絕不可用will come back)從句通常結(jié)構(gòu):主 do sth.do sb.(條件)+ V.結(jié)果
一、時間狀語從句
常用引導詞:when(在?時), as(當?時), while(在?期間), as soon as(一??就??), before(在?之前), after(在...之后), since(自從...以來), not...until(直到?才)until/till(直到?時)等
特殊引導詞:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant(瞬間,頃刻), immediately , directly(不久,立即), no sooner ? than(一...就...), hardly ?when(剛一...就...), scarcely ? when(剛...就.../一...就...)
當用no sooner ? than,hardly ?when,scarcely ? when作為引導詞的時候,從句要部分倒裝。
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.直到我成為了一個成年人我才意識到我的母親是多么的特殊。
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.當約翰看電視時,他的妻子正在做飯。
The children ran away from the orchard(果園), the moment they saw the guard.孩子們一看到守衛(wèi)就逃出了果園。
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.還沒等我到家就開始下雨了。
(<---This translation is wrong.No sooner...than...means something happened right after something happened.)(我一到家就開始下雨了。)
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.每當我聽取你的建議時,我就會惹上麻煩。http://004km.cn/beijing/
二、地點狀語從句
常用引導詞:where
特殊引導詞:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.一般來說,有工廠的地方空氣污染就嚴重。
Wherever you go, you should work hard.無論你去哪里,你都應該努力工作。
地點狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導,已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型,例如:
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在沒有雨水的地方,耕作是困難的或根本不可能的。
They were good persons.Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。
You should have put the book where you found it.你應該把書放回原來的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中國共產(chǎn)黨,哪里的人民就得解放。
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海員。
三、原因狀語從句
常用引導詞:because, since, as,特殊引導詞:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.http://004km.cn/beijing/
我的朋友都不喜歡我,因為我又英俊又成功。
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.既然每個人都到了,讓我們開始我們的會議吧。
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.更高的收入稅是有害的,因為它或許會阻礙人們努力賺錢。
四、目的狀語從句
常用引導詞:so that, in order that
特殊引導詞:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.老板要求秘書快寫函件以便他能在上面簽字。
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.為了讓后面的學生聽得更清楚,老師有意地提高了他的聲音。
注意,由for引導的是一個并列句,不是原因狀語從句,但有表原因的意思,是并列連詞。
五、結(jié)果狀語從句
常用引導詞:so ? that, such ? that,特殊引導詞:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.他很早起床以便趕上第一班公共汽車
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.這是一個好機會,千萬不能錯過它 http://004km.cn/beijing/
To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.他激動到這個程度,以至于他昨晚睡不著
六、條件狀語從句
常用引導詞:if, unless,whether(whether...or not)
特殊引導詞:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case(美語中表條件,英語中表目的), on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.如果總統(tǒng)同意,我們將開始我們的項目
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.只要你繼續(xù)努力,你一定會成功的。
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.如果沒有人反對,我們就在這里開會。
七、讓步狀語從句
常用引導詞:though, although, even if, even though
特殊引導詞: as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while(一般用在句首),no matter ?,in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.盡管我很尊敬他,但是我卻不同意他的建議。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.老人都很喜歡游泳,即使天氣很惡劣。
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.不論他如何努力,她都不會改變她的主意。
He won’t listen whatever you may say.他不會聽你說什么。http://004km.cn/beijing/
八、比較狀語從句
常用引導詞:as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)
特殊引導詞:the more ? the more ?;just as ?,so?;A is to B what/as X is to Y;no ? more than;not so much A as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.她和她媽媽一樣脾氣很壞。
The house is three times as big as ours.這房子是我們的三倍大。
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.你運動的越多,你就越健康。
Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人,猶如油之于機器。
九、方式狀語從句
常用引導詞:as, as if, how
特殊引導詞:the way
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入國問禁,入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
She behaved as if she were the boss.她表現(xiàn)得好像她是老板。
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.有時,我們用父母教導我們的方式教導我們的孩子。
十、狀語從句的省略
狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:①主句和從句的主語一致,或從句主語為it;②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞??墒÷?。例如:
When(the museum is)completed , the museum will be open to the public next year.http://004km.cn/beijing/
當博物館完成,該博物館將于明年向公眾開放。
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if(it is)possible.如果可能,他將去海邊度假的話
另外,比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。例如:
I’m taller than he(is tall).我比他高
The higher the temperature(is), the greater the pressure(is).溫度越高,氣壓越大
就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進行“簡化”。狀語從句的“簡化”現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對其進行全面、透徹的了解。
狀語從句的“簡化”現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:
①由if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句;
②由although, though, even if / though等引導的讓步狀語從句;
③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導的時間狀語從句;
④由as, as if等引導的方式狀語從句;
⑤由as, than等引導的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。
(1)當狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。
例如:
If(it is)possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。
You must attend the meeting unless(it is)inconvenient to you。
除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。
(2)當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:
連詞+形容詞
As(he was)young, he learned how to ride a bike.http://004km.cn/beijing/
他小時候就學會了騎自行車。
Whenever(she is)free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when(you are)young, or you'll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
連詞+名詞
While(he was)a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩子時代就樂于助人。
Although(he was)a farmer, now he is a famous director.盡管他曾是個農(nóng)民,但現(xiàn)在他是位著名的導演了。
連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
As(she was)walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。
Although(he is)doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.盡管近來他一直在學數(shù)學,但他仍然沒有取得好成績。
連詞+過去分詞
He won't go there with us unless(he is)invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than(it was)expected
.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
連詞+不定式
He stood up as if(he were)to say something.當時他站起來好像要說什么。
He wouldn't solve the problem even if(he were)to take charge.即使他來負責,他也解決不了這個問題。
連詞+介詞短語
She looked anxious as though(she was)in trouble.http://004km.cn/beijing/
她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。
He had mastered the English language before(he was)in the USA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。
注意:當從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。
例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當會議結(jié)束時,人們都走出了會議室。(=The meeting over)
第二篇:英語狀語從句
(三)狀語從句
(一)時間狀語從句
例題 I didn’t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.since 分析 時間狀語從句在復合句中作狀語,表示主句動作發(fā)生的時間。引導這種從句的詞有after, before, as, when, while , till , until, since, once;連接副詞immediately 等;起連接作用的短語as soon as, by the 不能用形容詞such.例如:
● Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.4.so+ adj.(adv.)+that+從句●The boy is so old that he can go to school.5.so + adj.+ a(an)+單數(shù)名詞
●He is so good a student that we all like him.time, hardly…when, no sooner…than等。例如: ● I was writing a letter when he came in.● She did not go to bet until she(had)finished her homework.● It is nearly six years since we began to learn English.● Once you begin, you must go on.● By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left.時間狀語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)用法,應注意下面兩點: 1. 要用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時,例如: ● I’ll let him know when he comes.2.要用一般過去時替代過去將來時,例如: ●He said he would wait here until I came back.例題的意思是:“直到你說明怎么辦之后,我才設法把這件事做好?!备鶕?jù)題意,須由until 引導此例的時間狀語從句,所以正確答案應為B。
(二)地點狀語從句
例題 When you read the book , you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.A.at whichB.at whereC.the place whereD.where
分析 地點狀語從句在復合句中作狀語,表示主句的動作發(fā)生的處所或方向,這種從句通常用連接副詞where,wherever(無論在哪里,無論到哪里)引導。例如: ● Where there is oppression, there is struggle.例題的意思是:“你看書時,最好在有問題的地方做一個記號?!贝藦秃暇渲械膹木涫莻€地點狀語從句,須用連接副詞where 引導,所以正確答案應為D。
(三)結(jié)果(程度)狀語從句
例題 She told us _____story that we all forgot about the time.A.such an interestingB.such interesting aC.so an interestingD.a so interesting
分析 結(jié)果狀語從句在復合句中作狀語,表示主句的動作所引起的結(jié)果。這種從句由such…that, so…that, so that等引導。其用法舉例如下: 1. Such +a(an)+(adj.)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that+從句
● He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.2.such+(adj.)+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+從句
●He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.3.such+(adj.)+不可數(shù)名詞+that+從句
●He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.在“such+ adj.+ n.+that+ clause”這個結(jié)構(gòu)中,其中名詞由many, much, few, little 修飾時,須用副詞so,例題中的結(jié)果狀語從句由“such+ an + adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that”引導。屬于第一種情況,所以正確答案應為A。
(四)目的狀語從句
例題 I hurried____ I wouldn’t be late for class.A.sinceB.so thatC.as ifD.unless 分析 目的狀語從句在復合句中作狀語,表示主句的動作發(fā)生的目的。這種從句用連詞so that, in order that 等引導。目的狀語從句的謂語動詞中常有情態(tài)動詞may/might, can/ could, will/ would 和should.例如:
● He is working hard so that he may pass his examination.例題中有一個目的狀語從句,所以正確答案應為D。
(五)條件狀語從句
例題_____he comes, we won’t be able to go.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even 分析 條件狀語從句在復合句中作狀語,表示主句的動作發(fā)生的條件、假定等。條件狀語從句通常由連詞if, unless和起連接作用的短語so/ as long as(只要),so far as(就…),suppose(that)(假定)等引導。例如:
● If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.● He will not come unless he is invited.● Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?
● As long as we don’t lose heart , we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.例題的選項中只有unless 可以引導一個條件狀語從句,所以正確答案應為B。
(六)讓步狀語從句
例題 _____, he doesn’t study well.A.As he is cleverB.He is as cleverC.Clever as he isD.As clever he is
分析 讓步狀語從句在復合句中作狀語,表示某種不利的情況或障礙,但這些因素并不能阻止主句的動作的發(fā)生。這種從句通常用連詞although, though, as, however等;連接代詞whatever, whoever等;起連接作用的短語even if though, no matter how what who 等引導。例如: ● Although/ Though the task was difficult, they managed to complete it in time.● Young as he is, he knows a lot.用as 引導讓步狀語從句時,常用倒裝語序,如上面例句所示?!?Nobody believed him no matter what / whatever he said.● He will never succeed.however/no matter how hard he tries.● Even if/ though an icy wind blew from the north, we always slept with our windows open.例題中有一個as 引導的讓步狀語從句,故從句中的表語clever 須放到as 前面去,所以正確答案應為C。
第三篇:2012-2014年高考英語題型 單選 狀語從句
12-14年高考題型匯編之單選---狀語從句 34.Whenever youa present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.(2014湖南)
A.boughtB.have boughtC.will buyD.buy
35.ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.(2014湖南)A.Having freedB.FreedC.To freeD.Freeing
31.nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.(2014江西)A.Having spentB.To spentC.SpentD.To have spent
20._______ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.(2014陜西)
A.Working outB.Worked outC.To work outD.Work out
7.— I hope to take the computer course.— Good idea.______ more about it, visit this website.(2014四川)A.To find out
found out
5.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, onlyit didn’t fit.(2014天津)A.to find
5.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014浙江)A.whenB.whereC.whichD.why
4.You’d better write down her phone number before you _______ it.(2014重慶)
A.forgetB.are forgettingC.forgotD.will forget11.Group activities will be organized after class _______ children develop team spirit.(2014重慶)A.helpingB.having helpedC.helpedD.to helpB.foundC.findingD.having foundB.Finding outC.To be finding out D.Having
第四篇:2013年高考定語和狀語從句解析
2013年高考英語定語從句試題分類解析
【2013新課標I卷】33.”You can’t judge a book by its cover,”_______.A.as the saying goes oldB.goes as the old saying
C.as the old saying goesD.goes as old the saying
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句??疾閍s引導的定語從句,意為:正如古語所說。
【2013新課標II卷】4.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house________ Iwould be staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。定語從句中stay為不及物動詞,故不缺主干成分,用關(guān)系副詞;先行詞為house,指地點,故用關(guān)系副詞where。
【2013湖南】21.Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞為those,指人;定語從句中缺少主語,故使用關(guān)系代詞who。
【2013江西】33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。先判斷從句類型為定語從句,定語從句中謂語explain后接what引導的賓語從句作賓語,因此不缺少主干成分,排除B項,答案為C。
【2013福建】27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句。其中those作為先行詞,定語從句中缺少lives的定語,故用whose。
【2013江蘇】32.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China__________, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞為passion,定語從句中缺少賓語,故用關(guān)系代詞which。
【2013遼寧】34.He may win the competition, _____ he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which caseB.in that caseC.in what caseD.in whose case
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句。兩分句間無連詞,故排除B項(不能用作連詞,in this/ that case用于并列句中)。此處which指代前面主句,in which case引導定語從句用語替代并列句中的in this/ that case。句意為:他可能贏得這場比賽,如果這樣的話,他就可能進入國家隊。
【2013北京】27.Many countries are now setting up national parks_________ animals and plants can be protected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句。定語從句中不缺少主干成分,故使用關(guān)系副詞;先行詞指地點,故選where。
【2013山東】31.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A.asB.that C.when D.where
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句。此處as引導定語從句指代整個主句內(nèi)容,含有“正如”之意,定語從句部分譯為“在科學上這是常有的事”。
【2013山東】35.Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.which D.whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。句意為:最后他到達一個完QQ: 1084591801 首發(fā)全與世隔絕的孤島。定語從句中缺少主語,因此使用關(guān)系代詞;先行詞island指物,故使用關(guān)系代詞which.【2013陜西】16._____is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句。此處as引導的定語從句位于主句之前,指代整個主句內(nèi)容。意為:正如孩子們常有的情況一樣,醫(yī)生到的時候Amy就好了。
【2013四川】9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句。此處先判斷從句類型為定語從句,先行詞為the environment,定語從句中l(wèi)ive為不及物動詞,因此不缺少主干成分,應填關(guān)系副詞;且先行詞environment指地點,故用where,相當于in which。
【2013天津】6.We have launched another man-made satellite, _____ is announced in today’s newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句。此處關(guān)系代詞which指代整個主句引導非限制性定語從句。翻譯為:我們又發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星,這是在今天的報紙上宣布的。故答案選B。
【2013浙江】5.The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句。先判斷為定語從句,先行詞為children,故答案為D。
【2013浙江】13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句。定語從句中不缺少主干成分,且先行詞platform指地點,故用where。
【2013重慶】24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _____ are family members.A themB.thatC.whichD.whom
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞為40 people,定語從句中缺少主語,故使用whom。介詞之后不能用that,應予以排除;which指先行詞為物;them為人稱代詞,應用于并列句中。
【2013安徽】29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ___made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句。此處which指代前面整個主句內(nèi)容引導非限制性定語從句。句意:莫言2012年被授予諾貝爾獎,使中國長期以來的夢想之一成為現(xiàn)實。
2013年高考英語狀語從句試題分類解析
【2013年新課標I卷】33.“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ________.A.as the saying goes oldB.goes as the old saying
C.as the old saying goesD.goes as old the saying
【答案】C 本題考查as引導的狀語從句。go old意思是“變老”,和題意不符,故排除選項A。選項B和D顯然使用了全倒裝語序,但本句不滿足條件,不可能作為本題的正確答案。所以最佳答案是選項C,其中的as引導一個方式狀語從句,意思是“如??一樣”。
【2013年上海卷】30.They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ______ they might have.A.however difficult
C.whatever difficultyB.how difficult D.what difficulty
.答案:C解析:題干的意思是:“他們承諾,無論可能有什么困難,到今年底都要開發(fā)出一個軟件包”。本題是一個主從復合句,由句意“無論”可知是讓步狀語從句,從而排除選項B,D。從句中的關(guān)鍵詞是實義動詞have,用還原法,可知是短語have difficulty,所以從句為whatever difficulty they might have。如果選B,則從句要改為:however difficult it might be。
【2013年安徽卷】23.It’s much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests.A.unless B.when C.even though D.so that
【答案】B。本題考查狀語從句的連詞。本題可以把四個選項分別放到空處,其中只有選項B能使語意通順,為正確答案;其他三個選項的意思分別是“除非”,“即使”,“以便”,都不合乎句意,排除。
【2013年北京卷】30.I took my driving license with me on holiday, ______ I wanted to hire a car.A.in case B.even if C.ever since D.if only
【答案】A。本題考查狀語從句的連詞。本題的解題關(guān)鍵是弄清“我?guī)я{照”跟“租車之間”之間的邏輯關(guān)系,這樣正確答案就很容易鎖定了。
【2013年湖南卷】23.You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason______ you reach any decision.A.a(chǎn)lthoughB.beforeC.becauseD.unless
【答案】B。考查狀語從句。解題思路:理清邏輯關(guān)系。對比reach any decision 和consult your feelings and your reason關(guān)系,不難看出,兼顧好情感與理智在前,做任何決定在后。
【2013年江蘇卷】28.In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.A.whatever B.whoever C.wherever D.whichever
【答案】 C。本題考查讓步狀語從句。在狀語從句_____ it is discovered中,不缺少任何主要成分,所以引導詞只能在從句中作狀語,只可以選擇副詞性質(zhì)的,所以答案很明顯,選C。
【2013年遼寧卷】24.One can always manage to do more things, no matter____ full one’s schedule is in life.A.howB.whatC.whenD.where
【答案】 A。本題考查讓步狀語從句。讓步狀語從句中,no matter how=however。根據(jù)how+adj./adv.的原則,本題中full是形容詞,所以選擇A。
【2013年陜西卷】18.I have heard a lot of good things about you ______ I came back from abroad.A.sinceB.untilC.beforeD.when
【答案】 A。本題考查狀語從句的連詞?,F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的其中一個用法是表示一個動作“從過去的某個時候發(fā)生,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”,從本句中的主句是現(xiàn)在完成時,從句是一般過去時來看,整個句子表達的正是這樣的一個動作,故連詞用since;如果用until或者before,則主句表示的動作都是發(fā)生在從句之前,都應該用過去完成時,排除B,C;如果用when,則主句應該用一般過去時,排除D。
【2013年四川卷】7.He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son ______ he wants to.A.even ifB.as ifC.becauseD.before
【答案】 A。本題考查狀語從句。句子的前段說他不能騰出時間,后段說他想,前后之間明顯是讓步關(guān)系,“即使想,也不能”,故正確答案是even if。其他三個選項的意思分別是好像,因為,在……之前,均不合句意,排除。
【2013年重慶卷】25.______ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.A.Once B.As long as C.Unless D.Since
【答案】C。本題考查狀語從句的連詞。“我們有足夠的證據(jù)”和“我們不能贏得這個案子”之間的關(guān)系有可能是兩種:(1)讓步關(guān)系;(2)否定前面的意思。四個選項中,沒有表讓步關(guān)系的although/though,,那么答案就應該是否定前面的意思,用unless,“如果我們沒有……,我們就不能……”;其他三個連詞明顯與句意不符,排除。
第五篇:高考英語單項選擇精品教案-并列句和狀語從句
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專題九 并列句和狀語從句
高考命題聚焦
1.(2011年高考山東卷)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.A.even if
B.if only C.in case
D.so that 解析:句意:他準備好了相機,以便他看到好的東西就隨時拍下來。even if “即使”,引導讓步狀語從句; if only“如果??就好了”,引導虛擬條件句;so that 引導目的和結(jié)果狀語從句,均不符合句意。由句意可知應選in case,意為“以防萬一”。答案:C 2.(2011年高考天津卷)________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A.If
B.As C.Although
D.Unless 解析:句意:雖然有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要,但在臨睡覺前鍛煉卻從來不是個好主意。if可引導條件狀語從句,表示“如果”;as 可引導時間狀語從句,表示“當??時”,若引導讓步狀語從句,句子需用倒裝;分析前句“有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要”和后句“臨睡前鍛煉卻不好”可知,前句為后句的讓步狀語,故選C項,although 表示“雖然”,可引導讓步狀語從句;unless 表示“除非”,引導條件狀語從句。答案:C 3.(2011年高考江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ________ it is convenient to you.A.whenever
B.however C.whichever
D.wherever 解析:句意:請打電話讓我的秘書安排一個會議,在今天下午或是任何你方便的時候。whenever無論何時;however無論如何;whichever無論哪一個;wherever無論何地。此處or連接的是和this afternoon并列的兩個時間狀語(從句),故只有A項正確。答案:A 4.(2011年高考陜西卷)________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.A.Since
B.While C.If
D.As 解析:句意:盡管他們都是很有實力的求職者,但是只有一個人會被選中擔任這一職位。since因為,既然;while盡管;if如果;as因為。根據(jù)句意選while。答案:B 5.(2011年高考福建卷)It was April 29,2011________Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A.that
B.when C.since
D.before 解析:句意:2011年4月29日,威廉王子與凱特·米德爾頓步入了婚禮殿堂。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,April 29,2011為定語從句的先行詞,從句缺少時間狀語,故用when引導。此題易誤選A項that,認為這是強調(diào)句型“It's/was+被強調(diào)部分+that...”的應用。若選 that 的話,April 29,2011前要加介詞on。答案:B
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核心考點突破
一、句子的分類
二、并列句的基本概念
并列句是由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨立的簡單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中,這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡單句被稱為分句。
三、常見的并列句
1.表遞進關(guān)系:用來表遞進關(guān)系的并列連詞有and,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,not...but...等。
(2011年高考山東卷)Find ways to praise your children often,________you'll find they will open their hearts to you.A.till
B.or C.a(chǎn)nd
D.but 句意:如果你能找到一些方法來經(jīng)常表揚你的孩子,你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們會向你敞開心扉。本題所考查的句式為“祈使句+and/or+ 陳述句”。本句中前面的祈使句表示條件,后面的陳述句表示條件下的結(jié)果,故用 and 連接;or表示“否則”,與句意不符。
C 2.表選擇關(guān)系:常用的并列連詞有or,either...or...,otherwise等。Either you are right,or I am.要么你對,要么我對。Don't drive so fast,or/otherwise you'll have an accident.不要開那么快,否則你會出事的。
3.表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:常用的并列連詞有but,yet,whereas,while等。Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just now.簡說她病了,但剛才我在街上看到了她。
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Some men are rich,while/whereas others are poor.一些人很富有但其他人很貧窮。
4.表因果關(guān)系:常用的并列連詞有so,for。It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了,到處都這么濕。
The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.商店都關(guān)門了,所以我沒買到牛奶。
5.when還可用作并列連詞,其意義為“那時,這時”,相當于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:(1)sb.was doing sth.when...(2)sb.was about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...(3)sb.had just done sth.when...。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我們正在開會,這時突然有人闖了進來。
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我們正打算動身,突然下起了雨。
典例2](2011年高考浙江卷)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.A.a(chǎn)fter
B.while C.since
D.when 句意:一個周五,我們正在打包裹動身去過周末,就在這時我女兒聽到了呼救聲。表示“正在做某事??就在這時(突然)??”用be doing sth.when…,所以D項正確。
D 6.while作為并列連詞,意為“而,卻”,表示對比。He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.他喜歡流行音樂,而我喜歡民間音樂。
一、時間狀語從句 1.when,while和as when引導的從句的謂語動詞既可是一個持續(xù)性動詞,也可是非持續(xù)性動詞;while引導的從句的謂語動詞必須是持續(xù)性的,側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比;as引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是持續(xù)性動詞,也可以是非持續(xù)性動詞,有“隨著”之意,多用于主從句動作同時發(fā)生。
2.a(chǎn)s soon as,immediately,directly,the moment,the minute,no sooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when,once等引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生,主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生,常譯為“一??就??”。3.till,until和not(...)until till,until引導時間狀語從句時,主句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞,主從句都為肯定式,意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某一時間才停止”。not(...)until引導時間狀語從句時,主句的謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞,從句為肯定式,意為“直到……才……”。not(...)until還可以用于強調(diào)句和倒裝句。4.before和since 若表達“沒過……就,過了……才”之意時,須用連詞before,句式為“It was/will be+時間段+before...”;since意為“自從……”,句式為“It is/has been+時間段+since...”。
5.every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time等名詞短語引導時間狀語從句時,分別表示“每次……,每次……,下次……,第一次……,任何時候……”。
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Mary made coffee ________her guests were finishing their meal.A.so that
B.a(chǎn)lthough C.while
D.a(chǎn)s if 此處的while表示“當??的時候”,表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生;“瑪麗煮咖啡”和“她的客人吃完飯”這兩個動作是同時進行的,因此要用while。
C
二、讓步狀語從句
1.讓步狀語從句表示盡管有某種不利于主句動作發(fā)生的條件存在,主句中的情況依然會出現(xiàn)。引導讓步狀語從句的連詞比較多,常見的有:although,though,while;even if=even though;no matter+疑問詞=疑問詞+ever;whether…or...。
although與though兩者意思相近,用法也相近,都可以與yet,still或nevertheless連用,但不能和but連用。2.a(chǎn)s引導讓步狀語從句要倒裝
as引導讓步狀語從句時,狀語、表語及謂語動詞的一部分應置于as之前。若表語是名詞,前置時要省略冠詞。
Tim is in good shape physically ________he doesn't get much exercise.A.a(chǎn)s
B.even though C.unless
D.a(chǎn)s long as 句意:盡管Tim鍛煉得不多,但他的身材保持得很好。此處的even though表示讓步,意為“即使”。
B(2011年高考遼寧卷)No matter how________,it is not necessarily lifeless.A.a(chǎn) desert may be dry
B.dry a desert may be C.may a desert be dry
D.dry may a desert be 句意:一個沙漠無論多么干旱,也不一定就沒有生命。how 與形容詞和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用的順序為:how+形容詞+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),與其用法一樣的還有so,too等。如:so difficult a question 如此難的一個問題;It's too long a journey to make in one day.旅程太遠,一天之內(nèi)到不了。故選B。
B
三、條件狀語從句
引導條件狀語從句的連詞有:if,unless(=if...not)(除非),so(as)long as(只要),in case(以防萬一),on condition that(條件是),supposing(that)(假設),provided/providing(that)(假如)等。
(2011年高考江蘇卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________,we'd better take it to the garage immediately.A.Otherwise
B.If not C.But for that
D.If so 句意:聽起來好像汽車的發(fā)動機出了故障。如果這樣的話,我們最好馬上把它開到維修廠(修理一下)。otherwise否則,要不然; if not如果不是這樣的話;but for that 要不是那樣。以上三項均不符合句意和語境。if so“如果這樣的話”,符合句意和語境。if so 相當于 if something is wrong with the car's engine。
D(2011年高考湖南卷)Jack wasn't saying anything,but the teacher smiled at him________he had done something very clever.第 4頁
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A.a(chǎn)s if
B.in case C.while
D.though 句意:杰克什么也沒說,但是老師朝著他笑,就好像他做了非常明智的事情一樣。
as if 好像;in case以防萬一;while當??時候,而,卻;though盡管。由句意可知應選A項。
A
四、地點、原因狀語從句 1.地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句是表示主句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生的地點的狀語從句,引導詞有where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere等。2.原因狀語從句
引導原因狀語從句的連詞有:because,as,since,now(that),for,seeing(that),considering that等,每個連詞的含義不盡相同。
Today,we will begin________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A.when
B.where C.how
D.what 句意:今天我們從昨天我們停止的地方開始,以便我們不遺漏任何一點。where引導地點狀語從句。
B
五、目的、結(jié)果狀語從句
1.引導目的狀語從句的連詞有:so that,in order that,for fear(that),in case,lest等。
Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A.ever since
B.even if C.soon after
D.in case in case引導目的狀語從句,意為“以防萬一”,符合題意。ever since引導時間狀語從句,意思是“自從”;even if引導讓步狀語從句,意思是“即使”。
D
五、目的、結(jié)果狀語從句
1.引導目的狀語從句的連詞有:so that,in order that,for fear(that),in case,lest等。
Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A.ever since
B.even if C.soon after
D.in case in case引導目的狀語從句,意為“以防萬一”,符合題意。ever since引導時間狀語從句,意思是“自從”;even if引導讓步狀語從句,意思是“即使”。
D She had a tense expression on her face,________she was expecting trouble.A.even though
B.a(chǎn)s though C.so that
D.now that 題意:她表情緊張,好像預料到麻煩要來。as if/though引導方式狀語從句,意為“好像”。而even though引導讓步狀語從句,意為“即使”。
B 高考秘笈
狀語從句的易錯點
________you may have,you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A.However a serious problem
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B.What a serious problem C.However serious a problem D.What serious a problem
C 該句意“無論你有多么嚴重的問題,你都應該鼓起勇氣面對挑戰(zhàn)”,由此可知,應由however引導讓步狀語從句,語序為“however+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞”。如果對however的詞性不明確,會導致誤選A項。
考查狀語從句的題目,應著重考慮以下幾點。
1.要根據(jù)前后句的邏輯關(guān)系判斷是哪一種狀語從句。2.注意when/while/as引導時間狀語從句時的異同。3.注意區(qū)別until和till的不同用法。
4.一些名詞短語和副詞以及一些固定句式都可以表示“一……就……”的意思。5.注意because/as/since/now that等引導原因狀語從句時異同。
6.a(chǎn)lthough與though可以引導讓步狀語從句,不能與but連用,但可以與yet連用。7.no matter who/what/where/how等可引導讓步狀語從句,相當于whoever/whatever/wherever/however等。但whoever/whatever/ whichever還可引導名詞性從句。
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