第一篇：只能接-ing分詞作賓語的動詞

只能接-ing分詞作賓語的動詞：

建議冒險去獻身，忍受期待不停頓； 放棄延期悔失去，堅持欣賞實踐成； 注意原諒避反對，考慮要求不自禁； 允許習(xí)慣不介意，價值開始想動名。如：建議：advise, suggest, 冒險：risk,獻身 :devote oneself to

介詞用法口訣

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、點與分。

年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周，陽光、燈、影、衣、冒in。

將來時態(tài)in...以后，小處at大處in。

有形with無形by，語言、單位、材料in。

特征、方面與方式，心情成語慣用in。

介詞at和to表方向，攻擊、位置、惡、善分。

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、農(nóng)場、值日on，關(guān)于、基礎(chǔ)、靠、著論。

著、罷、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，準(zhǔn)。

特定時日和“一……就”，on后常接動名詞。

年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。

步行、驢、馬、玩笑on，cab，carriage則用in。

at山腳、門口、在當(dāng)前，速、溫、日落、價、核心。

工具、和、同隨with，具有、獨立、就、原因。

就……來說賓譯主，對、有、方狀、表細分。

海、陸、空、車、偶、被by，單數(shù)、人類know to man。

this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。

接年、月、季、定冠詞用法小結(jié)口訣 a.口訣

1.有水無湖：海、洋、海灣、河等，都用the;單個湖不用the,(但多個湖用the);the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖）2.有球無星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus;3.有山無峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黃山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗瑪峰）；

Mount(or Mt.)Tai(泰山）.4.有獨無歐（偶）：獨一無二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the;歐洲等七大洲不用the.Europe,Africa,Asia,North America,South America,Antarctica,Oceania 5.有（足）族無球（運動）：種族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球類運動

baseball,basketball 6.有文無章：歷史性的文件用the;小說等的章節(jié)不用the The Constitution(憲法）;chapter one 7.學(xué)而不專：學(xué)校放在詞組的前面時用the;專有名詞放在詞組的前面時不用the;The University of Fudan;Fudan University [ 發(fā)表時間：8/3/2003 9:22:06 AM ]

倒裝口訣

副詞開頭要例裝，人稱代詞則如常。only修飾副介狀，位于句首半倒裝。否定意義副連詞，“既不…也不”須倒裝。表語前置主語長，銜接自然常倒裝。such代詞做表語，引起主謂要倒裝。Not only開頭句，前一分句須倒裝。had，were，should虛擬句，省略if半倒裝。

省略口訣

回答問題要簡潔，并列重復(fù)須省略。祁使主語必省略，比較than后須省略。賓從表從that省略，主從that勿省略。前后出現(xiàn)同一詞，慣用習(xí)語常省略。

lie lay lain躺

lay laid laid放下；產(chǎn)蛋 lie lied lied撒謊，這幾個詞在拼寫上很容易混淆，有人編了這樣的口訣：規(guī)則的“撒謊”，不規(guī)則的“躺”，“躺”過就“下蛋”，“下蛋”不規(guī)則?！耙?guī)則”指規(guī)則變化，“不規(guī)則”即不規(guī)則變化，如lie作“撒謊”解時，是規(guī)則變化，即其過去式和過去分詞直接加-d； “躺過”的“過”指的是過去式，即lie的過去式lay是“下蛋”的原形； “下蛋”是不規(guī)則變化。

一般是在基數(shù)詞后加上－th構(gòu)成，但應(yīng)記住一些特殊變化，口訣如下： 基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾要加－th，一、二、三，個別記，詞尾分別為t，d，d；八去t，九去e，ve要用f替；

ty變y為i，th前面有個e。例如：

one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth eight—eighth nine—ninth twelve—twelfth twenty—twentieth

近日讀書時，偶得一記憶方法“口訣”，可看做上述復(fù)習(xí)方法的總結(jié)，現(xiàn)摘錄于下，與考生共勉：

(1)記單詞，要“五到”，眼嘴手腦齊開炮；讀寫背默各幾遍，印象清晰記得牢。(“五到”記憶法)

(2)記過單詞莫靠邊，幾天之后再看看；似忘非忘又溫習(xí)，反反復(fù)復(fù)印心間。(循環(huán)記憶法)

(3)單詞多了別心煩，分片分組來攻占；五個一組先吃掉，幾組連成一大片。(分組記憶法)

(4)結(jié)合詞組句子記，有情有景有意義；重點段落須背誦，理解深刻有樂趣。(理解記憶法)

(5)要想單詞不寫錯，語音一關(guān)還得過；讀音規(guī)律掌握好，拼寫自然少差錯。(語音記憶法)

(6)分類歸納便于記，同類詞匯放一起；bike，plane和jeep，歸到交通工具里。(歸納記憶法)

(7)同義近義反義詞，辨析對比來記憶，比較對照才開竅，印象深刻記得牢。(對比記憶法)

(8)單詞長了容易忘，卡片紙條來幫忙；mathematics不好記，紙條貼到《數(shù)學(xué)》上。(卡片記憶法)

(9)構(gòu)詞法，要學(xué)習(xí)，前綴后綴有規(guī)律；轉(zhuǎn)換常把詞類變，合成本是二合一。(構(gòu)詞記憶法)

(10)課外讀物有情趣，單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)便于記；只要堅持常閱讀，一舉幾得大有益。(閱讀記憶法)

語中有些動詞跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去了to，其中訣是：一感二聽三讓四觀看。

一感：feel

二聽：hear、listen to

三讓：let、have、make

四觀看：observe、see、watch、look at

分開“一段時間”，some time表示“一段時間”；

相聚“在某一時”，sometime表示“在某一時”；

“有時”相聚加s，sometimes表示“有時，不時”；

“幾次”分開帶s，some times表示“幾次，次數(shù)”。

直引若是一般問，變間ifwhether連。語序變?yōu)殛愂鍪剑瑫r態(tài)人稱相應(yīng)變。直引若是特殊問，疑問詞連接記心間。其余問題挺簡單，一切只當(dāng)一般問。直引若是祈使句，謂語動詞挺要緊。toldaskedordered,根據(jù)口氣來選定。告訴人、請人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,not to do后邊行。

再給諸位一個吧： die of,die of,饑老病冷毒。君可見die by,弱傷勞過度。浮生真若夢，一刀便成空。

（注：“浮若夢”即from;“一刀便成空”指死于意外。

第二篇：中考英語作文必背句型：只加doing作賓語的動詞

中考英語作文必背句型：只加doing作賓語的動詞finish 完成/ practice 練習(xí)/ suggest建議 / consider 考慮 / mind 介意 / enjoy 喜歡doing

固定句型

look forward to doing 盼望做…

keep on doing 堅持做…

dream of doing 夢想做…

can’t help doing 情不自禁地做…

keep / stop / prevent sb.from doing 阻止某人做…

be busy(in)doing be busy with + 名詞 忙于做…

spend time / money(in)doing spend time / money on + 名詞 花費時間做…h(huán)ave fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself doing 玩得開心

have trouble / have problem / have difficulty(in)doing 或 with + 名詞 做…有困難

第三篇：動詞ing形式教案

動詞的ing形式

1.-ing分詞的構(gòu)成

-ing分詞是由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成。-ing分詞同樣有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化.-ing分詞的否定形式是由not 加-ing分詞構(gòu)成。如：

Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。

His not coming made all of us angry.他沒來使我們大家都很生氣。

2.-ing分詞的一般式和完成式：

-ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行的動作

Being a student, he was interested in books.作為一個學(xué)生，他對書本很感興趣。

3.-ing分詞的被動式：

-ing分詞的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing分詞動作的承受者。

The question being discussed is very important.正在被討論的問題很重要。

注意：在need, want, require, be worth等動詞(短語)后，作賓語的-ing分詞常用主動形式來表示被動含義。如：

Your shoes need cleaning.= Your shoes need to be cleaned.你的鞋需要清洗一下了。

This book is well worth reading.這本書很值得一看。

4.-ing分詞的語法作用

-ing分詞一方面具有動詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個名詞或形容詞、副詞，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語等。

1)–ing分詞（短語）作主語：

Laying eggs is the ant queen??s full-time job.產(chǎn)卵是蟻后的專職工作。

Saying is easier than doing.說比做容易。

2)-ing分詞（短語）作表語：

His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是收集郵票。

The problem is quite puzzling.這個問題很令人困惑。

3)-ing分詞作賓語：

①–ing分詞作動詞賓語。如：I suggest doing it in a different way.我建議用另一種方法做這件事。

We enjoy attending Miss Li??s class.我們喜歡聽李老師的課。

②-ing分詞作賓語也可用在復(fù)合賓語中作真正的賓語，而用it作形式賓語。如：

I don?t think it possible living in such a cold place.我認為住在這么寒冷的地方是不可能的。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你覺得再試一次會有好處嗎？

③-ing分詞作介詞賓語，經(jīng)常用在一些短語的后面。如：

I??m against inviting him to dinner.我反對邀請他來吃飯。

They don?t feel like walking that much.他們不喜歡走那么多路。

He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.他去了倫敦，希望能成為一個著名的畫家。

此類短語還有很多。如：look forward to（渴望，盼望）, be proud of（以……自豪）, insist on（堅持）, think of（考慮，想到）, dream of（夢想）, hear of（聽說）, prevent…from（防止，阻止）, keep…from（防止，阻止）, stop…from（防止，阻止）, depend on（依靠，依賴）, thank…for（因……而道謝）, excuse…for（因……而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devote…to（獻身于）, set about（著手做）, be/get used to（習(xí)慣于）, be fond of（喜歡）, be afraid of（害怕）, be tired of（對……厭煩）, be interested in（對……感興趣）

注意：在有些句子中，介詞?？墒∪?。如：

I have no difficulty(in)talking with foreigners.我在和外國人交談方面沒有什么困難。

He used to spend a lot of time(in)playing games.過去他?；ê芏鄷r間玩游戲。

另外，-ing分詞可以和一些介詞如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等構(gòu)成短語，在句中作狀語。

He left ahead of time without saying a word.他一句話也沒說就提前離開了。

Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了做飯和縫紉以外，她還要照顧四個孩子。

4)-ing分詞作定語：

①單個的分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞的前面。如：

reading room 閱覽室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐車 sleeping car 臥車 singing competition 歌詠比賽 waiting room 候車室 a waiting car 一輛等待著的車 a sleeping child一個酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飛魚 the exciting news令人振奮的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出

②-ing分詞短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，也相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。如：

Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在門邊的同志是誰？ They lived in a house facing south.他們住在一所朝南的房子里。

5)-ing分詞做狀語：

①-ing分詞短語作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句，有時可由連詞when, while引出。如：

While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.他一邊看書，一邊不時地點頭。

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。

②-ing分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。如：

Not knowing his address, I can?t send this book to him.因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。

Many of us, being so excited, couldn?t go to sleep that night.因為非常激動，那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。

③–ing分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如：

His father died, leaving him a lot of money.他父親死了，留給他許多錢。

④-ing分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個、較次要的動作。如：

They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他們在那兒站了半小時，觀察著天上的星星。

Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。

⑤-ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。如：

A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.一個人如站在大山的腳下會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the books.盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我把書買下。

注：-ing分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是整個句子的主語。

⑥“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+-ing分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表示伴隨情況或時間、原因等。如：

His hair became grey with the years passing.隨著時間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。

Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。

6)-ing分詞作補語：

①--ing分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等動詞后面和一個名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一個復(fù)合賓語，作賓語補語。如：

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下車的時候注意到一個男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來。

Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個小孩在偷東西。

②上面這類句子也可變成被動語態(tài)，這時，-ing分詞可看成是主語補語。如：

We were kept waiting for quite a long time.讓我們等了好長時間。

Jily was never heard singing that song again.人們再也沒有聽到吉麗唱這首歌了。

5.-ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

-ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)通常由物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或者名詞的普通格+-ing分詞構(gòu)成，在句子開頭時必須用物主代詞和名詞所有格，通常在句中作主語和賓語。如：

His coming made us very happy.他的到來使我們大家都很高。

He was awakened by someone?s knocking at the door.他被某人的敲門聲吵醒了。

1.–ing分詞作主語和表語時與不定式的區(qū)別：

-ing分詞和動詞不定式作主語和表語的主要區(qū)別在于：在表示比較抽象的一般的多次性行為時多用-ing分詞；在表示具體的或一次性的動作，特別是將來的動作時，多用不定式。如：

Smoking is forbidden here.（泛指吸煙）這里禁止吸煙。

It?s not good for you to smoke so much.（指你吸煙）吸這么多煙對你的身體不好。

My job is teaching.我的工作是教書。

My job is to teach you English this term.我這一學(xué)期的工作是教你們英語。

2.能接-ing分詞作賓語的常見動詞：

mind（介意）, enjoy（欣賞，）, finish（完成）, keep（保持）, miss（錯過）, 等。

3.有些動詞既能接不定式，又能接-ing分詞，含義有所不同。如：

①forget, remember, regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動作后于謂語動作，而后接-ing分詞作賓語表示分詞動作先于謂語動作。如：

Do you remember seeing me before? 你記得以前見過我嗎？

Remember to lock the door when you leave.離開時要記得鎖門。

②動詞mean, stop, try, go on等動詞后面接分詞和接不定式作賓語，意思也有所不同。如：

I try not to think about that.我盡量不去想那件事。

Would you please try doing that again? 請你再試一次好嗎？

He stopped talking when the bell rang.鈴響的時候，他停止了講話。While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times.工作的時候，他不時地停下來和湯姆談話。

注意：有時人們把stop后的動詞不定式理解為目的狀語。

③動詞allow, advise等可直接跟-ing分詞作賓語，不可以接動詞不定式作賓語，但可接不定式作賓語補語。如：

Please allow me to say a few words.請允許我說幾句話。

We don?t allow smoking here.我們這兒不允許吸煙。

④動詞need, require, want作“需要”解時，后面接-ing分詞或不定式的被動式。如：

The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned.這個房間需要打掃。

These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.這些小孩需要細心地照料。

⑤動詞like, hate, prefer等后面，如表示一般性動作，多用-ing分詞；如指特定的具體的某次動作，多用不定式。

I like swimming, but I don?t like to swim with you.我喜歡游泳，但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。

I prefer walking to school every day.我情愿每天步行去學(xué)校。

I prefer to stay at home today.今天我情愿呆在家里。

V-ing形式的用法和意義

V-ing形式包括動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）1.動名詞

動名詞是指具有名詞性質(zhì)，可以在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語。但不能單獨做謂語的v-ing形式； 1)動名詞作主語的用法：

動名詞作主語時，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，在口語中也可以表示具體的動作。e.g.Painting is his hobby.(繪畫是他的愛好。)注意：①動名詞作主語和不定式作主語一樣，也可以用it作形式主語。e.g.It is no use talking without doing.(光說不做沒有用。)②不定式作主語往往表示具體的特別是將來的動作；

e.g.It?s so hot, what I want to do now is to have a swim in a river.(天這么熱，現(xiàn)在我想做的事就是在河里游泳。)2)動名詞作賓語的用法：

(1)有些動詞或短語動詞后常用動名詞作賓語；

e.g.advise, advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, can?t help, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep(on), mind, practice, suggest, understand, miss, give up, insist on, think of, dream of, hear of, depend on, feel like, devote…to…, get used to, can?t stand, prevent / stop / keep…from…, look forward to, have difficulty in, be fond of…, be proud of, object to, set about, thank for, put off , stick to, suggest, think of, dream of, hear of, depend on, get used to, prevent / stop / keep…from ,have difficulty in, be fond of, be proud of, object to, set about, thank for等。

(2)在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動名詞作賓語，如有名詞或代詞作賓語，則構(gòu)成“～名詞/代詞+to do sth.(賓補)”形式。

e.g.We don’t allow smoking here.(我們這兒不允許吸煙。)We don?t allow anybody to smoking here.(我們這兒不允許任何人吸煙。)(3)動詞need, regret want意為“需要”時，后跟動名詞得到主動式(表示被動的含義，)或不定式的被動式作賓語，意義沒有區(qū)別；

e.g.The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.= The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.(4)下列動詞可用動名詞，也可用不定式作賓語，意義區(qū)別不大：

begin, continue, like, love, prefer, start, hate等。(5)下列動詞可用動名詞，也可用不定式作賓語，意義有明顯的區(qū)別：

to do sth.：忘記去做某事(未做)①forget

doing sth.：忘記做過某事(已做)

to do sth.：記著去做某事（未做）②remember

doing sth.：記著做了某事（已做）

to do sth.：對即將做的事表示遺憾 ③regret

doing sth.：對做過的事表示遺憾 e.g.I regret to tell you that his father died.(很抱歉告訴你他父親過世了。)

I regret having done such a thing.(很后悔做了這樣的事。)

to do sth.：停下做另一件事（狀語）④stop

doing sth.：停止正在做的事情（賓語）

to do sth.：盡力去做某事

⑤try

doing sth.：試著做某事

to do sth.：打算要做某事

⑥mean

doing sth.：意味著，意思是，就是 e.g.Accepting the job means living abroad.(接受這項工作就意味著在國外居住。)

I didn?t mean to start an argument.(我不想和你吵。)

to do sth.：做完一件，繼續(xù)另一件事 ⑦go on

doing sth.：繼續(xù)原來做的那件事

e.g.Go on reading Lesson 3.Go on to read Lesson 3.⑧be used to

doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事

to do sth.被用來作某事

e.g.He id used to getting up early.Wood is used to make paper.⑨can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事

to do sth.不能幫助做某事

e.g.After hearing the story, we couldn?t help laughing.I?m sorry that I can?t help you to finish the task.3)動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

(1)形容詞性的形容詞性的物主代詞 + 動名詞

e.g.his coming(2)名詞’s + 動名詞

e.g.Tom’s arriving(3)代詞的賓格 + 動名詞

e.g.him finishing(4)名詞 + 動名詞

e.g.Tom coming 4)動名詞的時態(tài)

在時態(tài)上，動名詞有一般時(doing)和完成時(having dong)兩種形式。當(dāng)動名詞表示的動作發(fā)生地時間不明確或與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后，用動名詞的一般式；當(dāng)動名詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前時，常用動名詞的完成式。

e.g.I enjoy playing football.(playing 的時間不明確)

He’s been used to going to bed late.(①和②兩個動作同時發(fā)生)

①

②

He is looking forward to seeing you soon.(②在①之后)①

②

I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.(②在①之前)

①

② 5)動名詞的語態(tài)

在語態(tài)上，動名詞有主動式(doing, having done)和被動式(being done, having been done).e.g.He insisted on sending her to hospital.He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside.2.現(xiàn)在分詞

由于V-ing形式的用法比較復(fù)雜，故在此只是對現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語做一總結(jié)，(其與動名詞的異同見3.)因此在這要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作和主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之間的時間關(guān)系：

在時態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)兩種形式。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與主句的謂語動詞所表示的的動作同時進行，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式；當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句的謂語動詞所表示的的動作之前，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式；

e.g.Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.(當(dāng)她在公園散步時，他看到了一個老朋友。)

Having lived in the city for many years, I know it well.(因為在這個城市住了多年，所以我對它非常了解。)

在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動式(doing, having done)和被動式(being done, having been done)兩種形式。一般式表示一個被動動作正在進行或與主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行；完成式表示一個被動動作在主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作之前已經(jīng)完成了；

e.g.When being asked why he was late, he made no answer.(當(dāng)被問及為什么遲到的時候，他沒有回答。)

Having been rebuilt this way, these temples look even more beautiful.(這些寺廟經(jīng)過這樣重建以后，更加美麗了。)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語

現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須是主句的主語，分詞必須和主句的主語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）可以在句中作狀語來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，用來表示動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步和伴隨狀況。其句型是：“現(xiàn)在分詞（短語），主語 + 謂語 + 其他成分”

e.g.Standing on the top of the mountain, I could see the whole city.(站在山頂上，我能看見整個城市。)1)現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句；

Not knowing her telephone, we couldn?t get in touch with her.2)現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于when, while所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；

(1)當(dāng)分詞的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨之也發(fā)生時，可用分詞作狀語，放在主句前面，譯作“當(dāng)?的時候”，此時它可以置換成“on + 動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，這種用法的動詞都是瞬間動詞，如：look, hear, see, return, open, leave, close等；

e.g.Hearing the news, they couldn?t help jumping.= On hearing the news, they couldn?t help jumping.(2)當(dāng)分詞的動作正在進行時，主句的動作發(fā)生了，此時可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，譯作“當(dāng)?的時候”，但它的前面一般加“when / while”。

e.g.When leaving the station, he waved again and again to me.(離開車站時，他向我頻頻揮手。)(3)當(dāng)分詞的動作完成以后，主句的動作才發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時態(tài)作狀語，譯作“在?之后”，此時可以置換為“after + 動名詞”。

3)現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語或伴隨狀語，說明動作發(fā)生地背景或情況；

當(dāng)分詞的動作和主句的動作同時發(fā)生時，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句。

e.g.We explored the cave, Black acting as a guide.= We explored the cave, and Black acted as a guide.4)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，通常放在句末，中間用逗號隔開，表示一種自然的結(jié)果

e.g.The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole city.(雪下了一星期，造成整個城市交通癱瘓。)5)現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個讓步狀語從句，有時分詞前可帶有連詞although, whether, even if, even though等；

e.g.Admitting what she said, I still think that she hasn?t tried her best.(盡管承認她所說的話，但我仍然認為她沒有盡最大努力。)6)現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語，分詞短語有時表示一種假設(shè)的條件情況，相相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。在這種情況下，有時在分詞前面加上if, unless使條件更明顯；

e.g.Working hard, you?ll succeed.= If you work hard, you?ll succeed.3.動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的異同點 1)V-ing形式作表語

(1)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：

①動名詞作表語一般表示抽象性的、習(xí)慣性的動作，主語和表語的位置可以互換；

e.g.Her job is teaching.②現(xiàn)在分詞作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征，主語和表語不能交換位置；

e.g.He is washing the dishes.(2)表語是動名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的判斷方法：

①倒置法：即將句子中的主語和表語位置互換，謂語動詞不動，若新組成的句子與原句的意思相符，則句中的V-ing形式就是動名詞，否則為現(xiàn)在分詞；

e.g.Her job is teaching English.(動名詞)

Her job is interesting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)②加入法：在表語前加上副詞very，so, 或more, most等，句子意思通順、明確，則句中的V-ing形式為現(xiàn)在分詞，否則為動名詞；

e.g.My job is(very)interesting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

My job is(so)teaching English.(動名詞)同時，還可以在表語后加個能作賓語的名詞，若句子正確則V-ing為動名詞，否則為現(xiàn)在分詞； e.g.My job is interesting(you).(×)(現(xiàn)在分詞)

My job is teaching(you)English.(√)(動名詞)③提問法：能用how對表語提問的是現(xiàn)在分詞，反之為動名詞；能用what對表語提問的是動名詞，反之為現(xiàn)在分詞；

e.g.My job is interesting.How is your job?(現(xiàn)在分詞)

My job is teaching English.What is your job?(動名詞)2)V-ing形式作定語

單個的V-ing形式作定語時，一般放在被修飾詞的前面，而V-ing短語(一般為現(xiàn)在分詞短語)作定語時，一般放在被修飾詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句； e.g.a waiting room

a dancing girl The man talking in my headmaster is my father.動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別：

(1)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動作的主動和進行。即：將被修飾的名詞作主語，用be連接V-ing形式，邏輯上行得通，v-ing形式就為現(xiàn)在分詞，否則為動名詞。

e.g.a sleeping boy = a boy is sleeping(現(xiàn)在分詞)

a dinning room ≠ a room is dinning(動名詞)(2)動名詞作定語通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途，它們之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。即：我們也可以把be換成for來判斷。

e.g.a barking dog ≠ a dog for barking(現(xiàn)在分詞)

a sleeping car = a car is sleeping(動名詞)3)V-ing形式(一般為現(xiàn)在分詞短語)作賓語補足語

在感管動詞(see, find, notice, watch等)后面作賓語補足語，這時V-ing形式和句子的賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且V-ing形式表示賓語正在進行的動作。

e.g.They saw the boys playing on the playground.

第四篇：動詞ing作狀語及典型練習(xí)題

Book 4 Unit 4 Grammar動詞-ing作狀語

動詞-ing或語短語可以在句子中作狀語來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式、讓步或伴隨狀況。動名詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。動名詞作狀語時，可以單獨使用，也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等連詞。1.作時間狀語

Hearing this news, she got frightened.聽到這個消息，她感到害怕。

While reading the book, she nodded from time to time.當(dāng)她看書的時候，不時地點頭。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.2.作結(jié)果狀語

The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath.那個男孩跑得更快了，到達學(xué)校時累得上氣不接下氣了。His father died, leaving him a lot of money.She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.3.作伴隨狀語

He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window.他站在窗前，望著來來往往的人們。

They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.4.作原因狀語

Being a student, I must study hard.作為一名學(xué)生，我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.Being so excited, Many of us couldn’t go to sleep that night.5.作讓步狀語

Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors.雖然我在這兒住了四年，我對鄰居們都還不熟悉。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.6.作條件狀語

Heating water, we can change it into vapor.把水加熱，我們可以將其變?yōu)樗羝?。Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day.在他的小房間里工作，每天做三雙鞋。7.作目的狀語

He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam.他晚上睡得很晚，想通過考試。注意：

1． 當(dāng)動名詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前時，應(yīng)該使用完成式：having done.Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.因為沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他考試不及格

2． 當(dāng)動名詞與句子的主語之間存在著邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，根據(jù)-ing分詞動作發(fā)生的時間，被動式有一般被動式(being done)和完成被動式(having been done)。如： 3． Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.被老師批評以后，他把煙戒了。Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.4． 動名詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語是一致的。Rushing into the dining-room, I found super was waiting for.Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me.（錯）

Being a student, he was interested in books.作為一個學(xué)生，他對書本很感興趣。5．動名詞作狀語時，可以用相應(yīng)的狀語從句替代，從句謂語必須用主動語態(tài)。While reading the book, she nodded from time to time.= While she was reading the book, she nodded from time to time.Being a student, I must study hard.= As I am a student, I must study hard.Not knowing how to do it, he asked the teacher for help.= As he didn’t know how to do it, he asked the teacher for help.由于不知道如何干，他請老師幫助。6.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

動名詞作狀語時，當(dāng)其邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致的時候，而是有自己的獨立的邏輯主語時，我們把這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)稱位獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的分詞短語有：generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking, supposing(假設(shè)), judging from(從…判斷), talking of（談到), speaking of（談到）等。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.Supposing you lose, what will you do? Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing? Spring coming on, the trees turned green.Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home.Time permitting, we will visit the Great Wall.★非謂語解題“五步驟”：

1、牢記核心意義。不定式表將來或能夠，動詞ing形式表主動或進行，過去分詞表被動或完成。

2、分析句子成分。判斷句子中是欠缺謂語還是非謂語。（主要是看句子中已經(jīng)有沒有謂語動詞了，因為英語中一個簡單句中只能有一個謂語動詞。）

3、尋找邏輯主語，把握主被動關(guān)系。非謂語動詞雖然在語法上沒有主語，但它仍表示的是動作，因此在意義上會有一個動作的發(fā)出者，這個發(fā)出者就是它的邏輯主語。如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動式；如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系，則用過去分詞或不定式的被動式；如果表被動進行，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式或不定式的被動進行式。

4、了解時間關(guān)系。如果非謂語動詞與句子的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，用一般式；如果發(fā)生在之前，則用完成式；如果強調(diào)正在進行，則用進行時；如果動作在將來發(fā)生，則用不定式。

5、分析特殊情況。主要是指一些習(xí)慣用法，固定搭配等。

1.Do you wake up every morning _______ energetic and ready to start a new day? A.feel

B.to feel

C.feeling

D.felt 2._______ Many times, he finally understood it.A.Told

B.Telling

C.Having told

D.Having been told 3．_____several times ,the young scientist still kept on making his experiments．

A．Having been failed

B．Having failed C．Though failed

D．Because of failure 4.__________ the classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the football match.A.To clean B.Having cleaned C.Cleaned D.Cleaning 5._____is know to all，China will be an____ _and powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time． A． That；advancing B． This；advanced C． As； advanced D． It ； advancing 6.____a reply，he decided to write again． A． Not receiving

B． Receiving not

C． Not having received

D． Having not received 7.＿＿＿all my letters, I had a drink and went out.A.Finished

B.Having finished

C.Finishing

D.To finish 8.The food＿＿＿at the moment is for the dinner party.A.cooked

B.to be cooked

C.is being cooked

D.being cooked 9.With his son＿＿＿, the old man felt unhappy.A.to be disappointed

B.disappointing

C.being disappointed

D.to disappoint 10.Nearly every great building in Beijing was built＿＿＿ south.A.to face

B.facing

C.to have faced

D.being facing 11.＿＿＿＿all the things，his advice is of greater value than yours.A.Considered

B.Considering

C.To consider

D.Consider 12.________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car.A.Judging

B.Judged

C.To judge

D.Judge 13.From the dates＿＿＿on the gold coin, it is conformed that it was made five hundred years ago.A.marking

B.marked

C.to be marked

D.having been Marked 14.____，your composition is full of mistakes．

A．Writing carelessly

B．Written carelessly C．Having written carelessly

D．Being written carelessly 15.____ from the space, the earth looks blue.A.Seen

B.Seeing

C.To see

D.see 16.____ from the space, we can see the earth is blue.B.Seen

B.Seeing

C.To see

D.see 17.Mr Smith warned his daughter _____after drinking．

A． never to drive

B． to never drive

C． never driving

D． never drive 18． ——You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．

——Well，now I regret ______that．

A． to do

C．to have done

B．to be doing

D．having done 19.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ________"Sorry to miss you;will call later.“

A.read

B.reads

C.to read

D.reading 20.Most of the artists______ to the party were from South Africa．

A． invited

B． to invite

C． being invited

D． had been invited

21._______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A.Suffered B.Suffering

C.Having suffered D.Being suffered 22.Finding her car stolen, _______.A.a policeman was asked to help

B.the area was searched thoroughly C.it was looked for everywhere

D.she hurried to a policeman for help 23.He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.(A.hoped

B.hoping

C.to hope

D.hope 24._______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered

B.Suffering

C.To suffer

D.Suffered 25.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared

B.seized;disappeared

C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing 26._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait

B.Have waited

C.Having waited D.To have waited 27.European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making

B.makes C.made

D.to make 28.______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completing

B.Notcompleted

C.Not having completed D.Having not completed 29.Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A.lacked

B.lacking of

C.lacking

D.lacked in 30.Having been attacked by terrorists, _______.A.doctors came to their rescue

B.the tall building collapsed C.an emergency measure was taken

D.warnings were given to tourists 31.As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ________, and asked myself what I was going to do.A.moved

B.moving

C.to move

D.being moved 32.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.A.to let

B.letting

C.let

D.having let 33.________ that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.A.To have said

B.Having said

C.To say

D.Saying 34.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ________ the same thing.A.saying B.said C.to say

D.having said 35.Don’t sit there ________ nothing.Come and help me with this table.A.do

B.to do

C.doing

D.and doing 36.When ________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A.compared

B.being compared

C.comparing

D.having compared 37.While watching television, ________.A.the doorbell rang

B.the doorbell rings

C.we heard the doorbell ring

D.we heard the doorbell rings 38.______ the program, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.A.Not completing

B.Not completed

C.Not having completed

D.Having not completed 39.“We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____ out of the window.A.looking

B.to look

C.looked

D.having looked

第五篇：及物動詞后接動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語小結(jié)

及物動詞后接動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語小結(jié)(1)2010/09/27 23:03 [專四語法 ]

及物動詞后接動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語小結(jié)

動詞是英語中最活躍的詞性之一，其主要作用是在句中作謂語。在謂語動詞后接動詞作賓語時，主要分為兩種情況： Ⅰ動詞加動詞不定式

能以不定式做賓語的動詞很多，常見的有：want，hope，wonder，wish，agree，try，manager，offer，decide，fail，refuse，ask，pretend，intend，attempt，teach，discuss 等。例如： 1．

I have learned to drive the car.2．

They refused to accept my suggestion.3．

He promised to come.Ⅱ動詞加動名詞

在enjoy, appreciate, admit, consider, mind, avoid., miss, can’t help, deny, practise, allow, finish, imagine, forbid, suggest等這些動詞之后要求用動名詞作賓語。例如：

1.Have you finished repairing your car?

2.She suggested spending another week in the country.3.Do you feel like taking a walk.通常要后接動名詞作賓語的動詞

英語中有些動詞后接另一個動詞作賓語時，通常要用不定式，不用動名詞，這類動詞主要admit(承認), advise(建議), allow(允許), appreciate(感激), avoid(避免), consider(考慮), delay(推遲), discuss(討論), dislike(不喜歡), enjoy(喜愛), escape(逃脫), excuse(原諒), fancy(沒想到), finish(完成), forbid(禁止), forgive(原諒), give up(放棄), imagine(想像), keep(保持), mention(提及), mind(介意), miss(沒趕上), pardon(原諒), permit(允許), practise(練習(xí)), prevent(阻止), put off(推遲), report(報告), resist(忍住), risk(冒險), stop(停止), suggest(建議), understand(理解)等。如：

I admit breaking the window.我承認打破了窗玻璃。I advise waiting till proper time.我建議等到適當(dāng)時機。

They avoided mentioning that name.他們避免提到那個名字。

He considered going to see Paul in person.他考慮親自去找保羅。They discussed selling the house.他們商量過賣房子的事。She dislikes doing housework.她不喜歡干家務(wù)活。Would you mind speaking less quickly? 你可否講得慢一點?

He forbids smoking during office hours.辦公時間他禁止吸煙。Try to imagine being on the moon.設(shè)想你在月球上。He mentioned seeing her often.他提到過經(jīng)常見到她。

I can’t understand treating children like that.那樣對待孩子，我不能理解。

引用地址: http://

需要我們注意的是，有些動詞既可用動詞不定式也可用動名詞作賓語。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上有時差別不大，有時差別較明顯。下面分別說一下這兩種情況：

Ⅲ 這兩種情況在意義上差別不大的詞有：love, like, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, need, intend, attempt等。例如：

1.Do you like playing(to play)chess?

2.When did you begin learning(to learn)French? 隨著語言的發(fā)展，這些區(qū)別也在逐漸縮小，但需要注意的是：

在like, love, prefer等動詞后，若表示經(jīng)常性的抽象的動作，多用動名詞作賓語；若指特定的或具體的行動，則用不定式更多一些。例如：

1.I like swimming, but I don’t like to swimming today.2.She prefers walking to cycling.3.I prefer to stay at home today.在begin, start等詞的后面，在下面三種情況下，后接動詞不定式較好:

?

主語是物而不是人時：Ice begins to melt.?

本身是v-ing 形式時: We are starting to clean the classroom.?

其后的動詞與想法，感情有關(guān)時：I begin to realize that he is wrong.Ⅳ 在兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上差別較明顯的動詞有： remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try等。例如：

1．remember后接動名詞通常表示：記得干過某事的，跟動詞不定式通常表示：別忘了，要記得干，動作并未發(fā)生： ?

I remembered posting the letter today.我記得今天把信寄走了。

?

Please remember to post the letter today.請別忘了今天把信寄走。2．regret 后接動名詞，通常表示:對已發(fā)生的情況表示后悔，跟不定式通常表示:對將來的情況表示抱歉

?

I regret to inform you that you won’t be able to attend the class.我們遺憾地通知你們，你們將不能參加這個班。

?

I regretted having done such a thing.我后悔做了這樣一件事。

3．mean后接動名詞，通常表示:意味著，不定式通常表示:打算干什么。

?

Failing this exam means waiting for a year.這次考式不通過意味著要等上一年。

?

I didn’t mean to argue with you.我不想和你爭辯。

4．try 后接動名詞，通常表示:式一式做某事，跟不定式通常表示:設(shè)法去做某事：

?

Let’s trying doing the work in this way.這項工作咱們這樣式式看。

?

I’ will work hard, and try to improve.我將努力工作，并設(shè)法改進。

及物動詞后接動詞不定式／動名詞作賓語用法小結(jié)（２）

2010/09/27 23:17 [專四語法 ]

⒈不定式作賓語

①以下動詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語。如：

agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean，long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，這些詞大部分可接th at引導(dǎo)的從句。如：

I decided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot.When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start

back on foot.②當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定

式置于補語之后，即：主語＋動 詞＋it＋補語＋to do句式。如：

We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.③介詞but,except,besides+to do(do)

在這種句型中，如介詞前有動詞do，后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式；如無do，則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to，帶to不帶do。如：

The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.⒉ 動名詞作賓語

①以下動詞后，只能接動名詞作賓語，如：

admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag

ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don't mind,give

up,insist,on, put off等。如：

I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health.②動名詞作介詞的賓語

I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at

home.What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?

動名詞前的介詞有時可以省略，如：have difficulty(in)doing,have no

trouble(in)doing,lose no ti

me(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。

⒊ 部分動詞后面，既可接動詞不定式，也可接動名詞作賓語，意義不變。如：

begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等。

在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被動意義，也可接不定式，但

要用被動形式，如：Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved).hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未來事件，接動名詞表示目前 正在進行的活動或一般的行為。

在下列情況下，一般要用不定式：

①hate, like, love前有would(should)時，如：I'd like to have a cup of

coffee.②當(dāng)謂語動詞begin,continue,start等是進行式時，如：The students are

starting to work on the difficult maths problem.③begin, continue, start與know, understand等狀態(tài)動詞連用時，如：I soon

began to understand what

was happening.⒋ advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等動詞后接動名詞作賓語，或

帶不定式作賓語補足語。如：

Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.⒌ 部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語境選擇使

用。

①forget, remember, regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作，接動名

詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：

Don't forget fo post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?

Remember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the

meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.②mean to do 打算做某事

doing 意味著……

I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.③try to do 設(shè)法盡力做某事

doing 試著做某事

You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problem in another way.④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的狀語）

doing 停止做某事

On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.⑤can't help doing 禁不住……

to do不能幫助干……

They couldn't help jumping up at the news.Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I can't help to make up the room

for you.⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事

doing 繼續(xù)不停地做某事，指同一動作的繼續(xù)

He went on to talk about world situation.他接著又談了世界形勢。

We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world.⑦leave off to do 離開某地去干什么（目的狀語）

doing停下某事

It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.They left off to go fishing.