第一篇：英國(guó)文學(xué)大事記與文學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)集萃

英國(guó)文學(xué)縱覽

一．英國(guó)文學(xué)大事記

1.The Medieval period : 450---1485

Anglo-saxon or Old English Period(450---1066): poetry in oral form

Anglo-Norman Period(1066---1340): romance

The 14th Century(1340---1400):Age of Chaucer

The 15th Century

2.The Renaissance Period(the late 15th century---1750s): Drama and poetry

The Renaissance Humanism The Elizabethan Age(1558-1603): the golden age of English poetry

3.The 17th Century

The Jacobean Age(1603-1625): the Metaphysical poetry The Caroline Period(1625-1649): the Cavalier poetry The Revolutionary period or The Puritan Age(1640---1660): Milton

The Period of Restoration(1660---1688): Age of Dryden

4.The 18th century: Age of Prose

The Enlightenment Movement

New-classicism（1700-1745）：The Augustan Age

Realism Sentimentalism

Preromanticism

二．文學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)集萃

Alliteration or Head Rhyme or Initial Rhyme refers to the repetition of the same sounds—usually initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables—in any sequence of neighboring words.A Ballad is a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.Romance is the prevailing literary form of literature in the Middle Ages(1000-1453).It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.Heroic Couplet is a rhymed pair of iambic pentameter lines.It was established by Chaucer as a major English verse-form for narrative and other kinds of non-dramatic poetry;it dominated English poetry of the 18th century notably in the poetry of Pope, before declining in importance in the early 19th century.The Ecologue was a classical form, practiced by Virgil and others;it represents usually in dialogue between shepherds, the moods and feeling and attitudes of the simple life.Essay is a literary form which can be defined as a short piece of expository prose.The purpose is to inform or explain rather than to dramatize or amuse.Its feature is brevity.New-classicism is a revival of classical standards of order, balance and harmony in literature in the 17th and 18th centuries in England.Realism is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording life as it really is without sentimentalizing or idealizing it.It may be found as an element in the works of Chaucer or Defoe prior to the 19th century, but as a dominant trend in the novels of the middle-or lower class life in the 19th century

The Renaissance in England: Renaissance is the ?rebirth? of literature, art and learning that progressively transformed European culture from the mid-14th century in Italy to the mid-17th century in England, strongly influenced by the rediscovery of classical Greek and Latin literature, and accelerated by the development of printing.The Renaissance is commonly held to mark the close of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern Western world.In literary terms, the Renaissance may be seen as a new tradition running from Petrarch and Boccaccio in Italy to Jonson and Milton in England, embracing the work of Sidney, Spenser, and Shakespeare;it is marked by a new self-confidence in vernacular literatures, a flourishing of lyric poetry, and a revival of such classical forms as epic and pastoral literature.The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout the Western Europe in the 18th century.It greatly influenced the English social life and literature.Generally speaking, the Enlightenment movement was an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.The enlighteners fought against class in equality, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.They thought the chief means for improving society was “enlightenment” or “education” for the people.The English enlighteners fell into two groups: the moderate and the radical.The moderate includes: Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson and Dr.Johnson.The Radical includes such writers as Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding, Tobias George Smollet, Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan.Spenserian stanza is a 9-line stanza form with the rhyme scheme of abab bcbc c, invented by Edmund Spenser.The first eight are iambic pentameter lines, and the last line is an iambic hexameter line.Pastoral, a highly conventional mode of writing that celebrates the innocent life of shepherds and shepherdesses in poems, plays, and prose romances.Pastoral literature describes the loves and sorrows of musical shepherds, usually in an idealized Golden Age of rustic innocence and idleness;paradoxically, it is an elaborately artificial cult of simplicity and virtuous frugality.Sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of 14 iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme.There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in English.The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet(named after the 14th century Italian poet Petrarch)comprises an octave(8 lines)rhyming abbaabba and a sestet(6 lines)rhyming cdecde or cdccdc.The transition from octave to sestet usually coincides with a ?turn? in the argument or mood of the poem.The English or Shakespearean sonnet(named after its greatest practitioner)comprises three quatrains and a final couplet, rhyming ababcdcdefefgg.The ?turn? comes with the final couplet, which may sometimes achieve an epigram.There was one notable variant, the Spenserian sonnet, in which Spenser linked each quatrain to the next by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee.There are three famous sonnet sequences in the Elizabethan Age----Spenser?s Amoretti, Shakespeare?s sonnets and Sidney?s Astrophel and Stella.Ballad stanza or Ballad metre, the usual form of the folk ballad and its literary imitations, consisting of a quatrain in which the first and third lines have four stresses while the second and fourth have three stresses.Usually only the second and fourth lines rhyme.The rhythm is basically iambic.The Metaphysical Poets: John Dryden said in his Discourse Concerning Satire(1693)that John Donne in his poetry “affects the metaphysics,” meaning that Donne employs the terminology and abstruse arguments of the medieval Scholastic philosophers.In 1779 Samuel Johnson extended the term “metaphysical” from Donne to a school of poets in his “Life of Cowley.” The name is now applied to a diverse group of 17th-century English poets whose work is notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange paradoxes and far-fetched imagery.The leading metaphysical poet was John Donne, whose colloquial, argumentative abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of Elizabethan love lyrics.Other poets to whom the label is applied include Andrew Marvell, Abraham Cowley, John Cleveland and the predominantly religious poets George Herbert, Henry Vaughan and Richard Crashaw.Conceit: an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings.Poetic conceits are prominent in Elizabethan love sonnets, in metaphysical poetry.Conceits often employ the devices of hyperbole, paradox and oxymoron.Originally meaning a concept or image, conceit came to be the term for figures of speech which establish a striking parallel, usually ingeniously elaborate, between two very dissimilar things or situations.The Cavalier poets are a group of English lyric poets who were active, approximately, during the reign of Charles I(1625-1640).This group includes Richard Lovelace, Sir John Suckling, Robert Herrick, Thomas Carew, and Waller.These poets virtually abandoned the sonnet form which had been the favoured medium for love poems for a century.They were considerably influenced by Ben Jonson.Their lyrics are light, witty, elegant and, for the most part, concerned with love.They show much technical virtuosity.Carpe Diem: a tradition theme dating back to classical Greek and Latin poetry and particularly popular among the English Cavalier poets.Carpe Diem means, literally, “seize the day”, that is, “l(fā)ive for today.” The Carpe Diem theme is epitomized in a line from Robert Herrick?s “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time”: “Gather ye rosebuds while ye may.”

Blank verse is the verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.It is the verse form used in some of the greatest English poetry, including that of William Shakespeare and John Milton.Elegy: a poem of mourning, usually over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation on the nature of death.An elegy is a type of lyric poem, usually formal in language and structure, and solemn or even melancholy in tone.Epitaph: an inscription on a gravestone or a short poem written in memory of someone who has died.Many epitaphs are actually epigrams, or short witty sayings, and are not intended for serious use as monument inscriptions.Pre-romanticism: a general term applied by modern literary historians to a number of developments in late 18th century culture that are thought to have prepared the ground of Romanticism in its full sense.In various ways, these are all departures from the orderly framework of neoclassicism and its authorized genres.A Song is a short lyric poem with distinct musical qualities, normally written to be set to music.It expresses a simple but intense emotion.Byron?s “She Walks in Beauty” is a song.Romanticism: a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century, beginning as a revote against classicism.There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places.Many of the ideas of English Romanticism were first expressed by William Wordsworth and Samuel Talor Coleridge.It prevailed in England during the period 1798-1832.Romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata that were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism.They split into two groups because of the different attitudes toward the capitalist society.The Passive Romantic poets or the Lake poets are represented by Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.The Active or Revolutionary Romantic poets are represented by Byron, Shelley and Keats.Ode: a complex lyric poem of some length, dealing with a noble theme in a dignified manner and originally intended to be sung.Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.Terza Rima: it is an Italian verse form consisting of a series of three-line stanzas in which the middle line of each stanza rhymes with the first and third lines of the following stanza as follows aba bcb cdc etc.Shelley?s “Ode to the West Wind” is partly written in terza rima.Dramatic Monologue: a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker?s life, and the dramatic monologue reveals the speaker?s personality as well as the incident that is the subject of the poem.The Victorian Period: the beginning of the Victorian Period is frequently dated from 1837 to 1901(the reign of Queen Victoria).Much writing of the period dealt with or reflected the pressing social, economic, religious and intellectual issues and problems of that era.Among the notable poets were Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Christina Rossetti, Matthew Arnold and Gerard Manley Hopkins.The chief characteristics of the Victorian poetry are its moralizing tendencies, its overpadding of extra-poetic matter, and its traditional iambic pentameter.

第二篇：英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀術(shù)語(yǔ)（本站推薦）

一．Local Colorism

It is said that Bret Harte was one of the first realists to introduce local color into American literature.His “The Luck of Roaring Camp”(1868)marked a significantdevelopment in the brief history of local color fiction.It was the result of historical & aesthetic forces.1.historical

2.aesthetic force

Local Color:Term applied to literature which emphasizes its setting, being concerned with the character of a district or of an era, as marked by its customs, dialects, costumes, landscape or other peculiarities that have escaped standardizing cultural influences.The local color movement came into particular prominence in Am after the Civil War, perhaps as an attempt to recapture the glamour of a past era, or to portray the sections of the reunited country.In local color literature one finds the dual influence of romanticism and realism since the author frequently looks away from ordinary life to distant lands,strange customs, or exotic scenes, but retains through minute detail a sense of fidelity and accuracyof description.二．Beat Generation

The Beat Generation refers to a group of American post-WWII writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they both documented and inspired

Central elements of “Beat” culture included experimentation with drugs, alternative forms of sexuality, an interest in Eastern religion, a rejection of materialism, and the idealizing of exuberant, unexpurgated means of expression and being

三．symbol

A symbol is an object that represents, stands for, or suggests an , belief, action, or material.Symbols take the form of words, sounds, gestures, or visual images and are used to convey ideas and beliefs.For example, a red octagon may be a symbol for “STOP”.On a map, a picture of a tent might represent a campsite.are symbols for.Personal names are symbols representing individuals.A red rose symbolizes love and compassion

四．Code Hero

The Code Hero is typically an individualist and free-willed.Although he believes in the ideals of courage and honor he has his own set of morals and principles based on his beliefs in honor, courage and endurance.A code hero never shows emotions;showing emotions and having a commitment to women shows weakness.Qualities such as bravery, adventuresome and travel also define the Code Hero

五．Free verse

Free verse is an open form(see)of.It does not use consistentpatterns, , or any other musical pattern.It thus tends to follow the rhythm of natural speech.另

free verse(or, in French, vers libre), a kind of poetry that does not conform to any regular : the length of its lines is irregular, as is its use of rhyme—if any.Instead of a regular metrical pattern it uses more flexibleor rhythmic groupings, sometimes supported byand other devices of repetition.Now the most widely practised verse form in English, it has precedents in translations of the biblical Psalms and in some poems of Blake and Goethe, but established itself only in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with Walt Whitman, the French , and the poets of.Free verse should not be confused with , which does observe a regular metre in its unrhymed lines.六．Naturalism Naturalism is “the idea or belief that only(as opposed toor)laws and forces operate in the world;(occas.)the idea or belief that nothing exists beyond the natural world.”Adherents of naturalism(i.e.naturalists)assert that natural laws are the rules that govern the structure and behavior of the natural universe, that theis a product of these laws.naturalism, a more deliberate kind ofin novels, stories, and plays, usually involving a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social.As a literary movement, naturalism was

initiated in France by Jules and Edmond Goncourt with their novel Germinie Lacerteux(1865), but it came to be led by émile Zola, who claimed a ‘scientific’ status for his studies of impoverished characters miserably subjected to hunger, sexual obsession, and hereditary defects in Thérèse Raquin(1867), Germinal(1885), and many other novels.Naturalist fiction aspired to a sociological objectivity, offering detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modern society

七．American Puritanism

American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church.The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them.They were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles.As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purity their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God.As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind.American Puritanism also had a enduring influence on American literature

Puritan Beliefs

1.Original Sin

Through Adam and Eve's fall, every person is born sinful.2.Predestination

Only a few are selected by God for salvation.3.Limited Atonement(贖罪)

Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone.4.Irresistible Grace

Grace is defined as the saving and transfiguring power of God.Puritanism

1.Idealismpracticality and purposiveness

八．Exposition

The exposition is the portion of athat introduces important background information to the audience;for example, information about the setting, events occurring before the main plot, characters' , etc.Exposition can be conveyed through dialogues, through a character's thoughts, through background details, throughmedia such as newspaper clippings, trial reports and letters, or through a narrator telling aor by establishing scenes where a character is followed.Exposition is considered one of fourof discourse, along with , , and

九．Imagery

our senses through imagery.Imagery is more incidental to a poem than metaphors, symbols and theme and they are often confused.Nevertheless, an image should conjure up something more than the mere mentioning of the object or situation.A mistake often made is to take every image as though it were a symbol or metaphor

第三篇：英國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋總結(jié)(英文)[模版]

1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people;Denmark story;alliteration, metaphors and understatements.2.Romance（名詞解釋）a story of adventure--fictitious, frequently marvelous or supernatural--in verse or prose.3，Ballad民謠（名詞解釋）

Popular Ballads 大眾民謠 ：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(筆記)

Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(書(shū)上).4，4，Heroic couplet(名詞解釋)

heroic couplet 英雄雙韻體：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韻)lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑揚(yáng)格).Renaissance（名詞解釋）

Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.555 humanism 人文主義： admire human beauty and human achievement

556 The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of

bourgeoisie against feudalism

6，.Sonnet（名詞解釋）

The sonnet is a poem in 14 lines with one or the other rhyme schme,a form much in vogue in Renaissance Europe, expecially in Italy ,France and England.7，Blank verse（名詞解釋）: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.8，Spenserian Stanza（名詞解釋）

Stanza form developed by Edmund Spenser and almost certainly influenced by rhyme royal and ottava rima.Spenser's stanza has nine lines and is rhymed a-b-a-b-b-c-b-c-c.The first eight lines of the stanza are in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter.He used this form in his epic poem The Faerie Queene.John Keats, a great admirer of Spenser, used this stanza in his poem The Eve of St.Agnes.,9 Enlightenment(1650-1800)（名詞解釋）A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感)and accuracy

Individualism--emphasized the importance of the individual and his inborn rights Rationalism--the conviction that with the power of reason, humans could arrive at truth and improve the world.Relativism--was the concept that different cultures, beliefs, ideas, and value systems had equal merit.Gothic novel(哥特式小說(shuō))：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)

10，Classicism（名詞解釋）

In the arts, historical tradition or aesthetic attitudes based on the art of Greece and Rome in antiquity.In the context of the tradition, Classicism refers either to the art produced in antiquity or to later art inspired by that of antiquity;Neoclassicism always refers to the art produced later but inspired by antiquity.11 Sentimentalism（名詞解釋）Sentimentalism 感傷主義 no belief 沒(méi)有信仰

The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.Graveyard School / Poets:A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom.RomanticismLake Poets（名詞解釋）

The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century.Aestheticism唯美主義（名詞解釋）

The Aesthetic Movement is a loosely defined movement in literature, fine art, the decorative arts, and interior design in later nineteenth-century Britain.It represents the same tendencies that symbolism or decadence stood for in France and may be considered the British branch of the same movement.It belongs to the anti-Victorian reaction and had post-Romantic roots, and as such anticipates modernism.It took place in the late Victorian period from around 1868 to 1901, and is generally considered to have ended with the trial of Oscar Wilde.Stream-of-consciousness（名詞解釋）The “stream ofconsciousness” is a psychological term indicating “the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the person’s will”.

第四篇：意象詩(shī)以及文學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)

詩(shī)歌意象的藝術(shù)審美

1913年，意象派雜志《詩(shī)刊》３月號(hào)發(fā)表了由弗林特（F．S．Flint）執(zhí)筆的《意象主義》（“Imagisme”），這被稱為“意象主義宣言”的文章中規(guī)定了詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作的三個(gè)基本原則，即：（１）直接處理無(wú)論主觀或客觀的“事物”；（２）絕對(duì)不用任何無(wú)益于表達(dá)的詞；（３）至于節(jié)奏，要用連續(xù)的音樂(lè)性語(yǔ)言，而不受節(jié)拍的束縛。

意象派詩(shī)歌在創(chuàng)作中表現(xiàn)出的鮮明的藝術(shù)特征主要有三點(diǎn)。

第一，意象派要求詩(shī)歌直接呈現(xiàn)能傳達(dá)情意的意象，以雕塑和繪畫的手法表現(xiàn)意象，反對(duì)音樂(lè)性和神秘性的抒情詩(shī)，提出“不要說(shuō)”“不要夾敘夾議”，只展現(xiàn)而不加評(píng)論。龐德概括意象詩(shī)的定義為：“意象是在一瞬間呈現(xiàn)出的理性和感情的復(fù)合體?！?如艾米的代表作《中年》：“仿佛是黑冰，/被無(wú)知的溜冰者，/劃滿了不可解的漩渦紋，/這就是我的心被磨鈍了的表面。”詩(shī)歌在 “黑冰”“漩渦紋”“磨鈍了的表面”等意象的顯示中，瞬間傳遞出只可意會(huì)、不能言傳的詩(shī)人對(duì)人到中年茫然無(wú)奈的內(nèi)心感受。

第二，意象派詩(shī)歌的語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔明了，不用沒(méi)有意義的形容詞、修飾語(yǔ)，去掉裝飾性的花邊，反對(duì)賣弄詞藻，詩(shī)行短小，意象之間具有跳躍性。”如龐德作為意象派詩(shī)歌的里程碑式作品《地鐵車站》:

In a Station of t he Metro

The apparition of these faces in the crowd;

人群中這些面孔幽靈一般顯現(xiàn),Petals on a wet, black bough.濕漉漉的黑色枝條上的許多花瓣。(杜運(yùn)燮譯)。

作者把詩(shī)中面孔與花瓣這兩個(gè)意象聯(lián)系起來(lái), 用最為簡(jiǎn)潔精煉的語(yǔ)言去捕捉事物的形象,了了數(shù)語(yǔ)便勾勒出一幅意象鮮明的畫面。再?gòu)倪x詞角度來(lái)看,《地鐵站里》全文沒(méi)有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和多余的語(yǔ)法鏈接,僅僅利用景物的排列及介詞的使用便表現(xiàn)出豐富的動(dòng)態(tài)形象。

再如美國(guó)著名意象派詩(shī)人威廉斯的《紅色手推車》：“很多事情/全靠/一輛紅色/小車/被雨淋得晶亮/傍著幾只/白鴿。”簡(jiǎn)潔清新的詩(shī)行，將美國(guó)普通人對(duì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)生活的向往一目了然地傳達(dá)了出來(lái)，以至詩(shī)歌被許多家庭主婦背誦吟唱。

第三，意象派詩(shī)歌注重意象組合的內(nèi)在韻律與節(jié)奏，將意象與所蘊(yùn)含的思想情感融成一體。主張按語(yǔ)言的音樂(lè)性寫詩(shī)，反對(duì)按固定音步寫詩(shī)，認(rèn)為均勻的格律詩(shī)是等時(shí)性的、起催眠作用的“節(jié)拍器”。意象派詩(shī)人卡爾·桑德堡的《霧》是美國(guó)家喻戶曉的詩(shī)歌代表作《, 霧》有屬于它的獨(dú)特的音樂(lè)感。

《霧》(Fog)

The fog comes

霧來(lái)了,on little cat feet.踮著貓的腳步。

It sits looking

他弓起腰蹲著,over harbor and city

靜靜地俯視

on silent haunches.海港和城市,and then moves on.又再往前走。(趙毅衡譯)

意象派詩(shī)不講規(guī)則，接近自由體詩(shī)。他們主張?jiān)姼枰魳?lè)性要自然，要注重事物內(nèi)在的韻律、節(jié)奏。這在英語(yǔ)國(guó)家中起了推廣自由詩(shī)的作用。

Puritanism：

Puritanism refers to the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.The Puritans want to purify their religious beliefs and advocate highly religious and moral principles.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and limited atonement.As a cultural heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on American literature.American Romanticism:

The Romantic period covers the first half of the 19th century.A rising America with its ideals of democracy and equality, its industrialization, its westward expansion, and a variety of foreign influences made literary expansion possible following the nation’s political independence.Romanticism shares certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s society a source of corruption.Transcendentalism:

The major features of T can be summarized as follows:

1)the transcendentalist placed emphasis of spirit, or the Over Soul, as the most important thing in the universe;

2)They stressed importance of the individual;

3)They offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit of God.Transcendentalism was important to American literature.It inspired a whole new generation of famous authors such as Emerson, Thoreauand Hawthorne.Imagism：

It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S.flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by the direct treatment of the thing and the economy of wording.The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell.Allegory：

A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.unit 1 Benjiemin Franklin

unit 2 Edgar Alan Poe

unit 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne

unit 8 Mark Twain

unit14 Fizgerald

unit 15 William Faulkner

uint16 Ernest Hemingway

unti 26 Toni Morrison

American Poets：Dickinson，Ezra Pound，Longfellow，Robert Frost，Whitman

文學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)

第五篇：新聞詞匯與術(shù)語(yǔ)

新聞詞匯與術(shù)語(yǔ)

ABM = anti-ballistic missile 反彈道導(dǎo)彈 abortive coup attempt 未遂政變absent trial / absent voting 缺席審判/缺席投票absolute majority 絕對(duì)多數(shù)abstain from voting 棄權(quán) abuse of power for personal gain 以權(quán)謀私

academia 學(xué)術(shù)界 academic career 學(xué)歷，學(xué)業(yè) academician 院士

Academy Award 奧斯卡金像獎(jiǎng) academy of science 科學(xué)院

accredited journalist 特派記者 acquit / be acquitted 宣告無(wú)罪 / 無(wú)罪釋放acting president 代總統(tǒng) active capital 流動(dòng)資本 active substance 放射性物質(zhì)active trade balance 順差 activist 活躍分子 administration party 執(zhí)政黨

admit the best examinee 擇優(yōu)錄取 adverse trade balance 逆差 advisory body 顧問(wèn)團(tuán)after-sale service 售后服務(wù) air crash 飛機(jī)失事 album 專輯 allied powers 同盟國(guó)all-out ban 全面禁止 all-round title 全能冠軍 alumnus(復(fù)數(shù): alumni)校友a(bǔ)mendment 修正案，附加條款amicable relations 友好關(guān)系 amnesty 特赦anarchy 無(wú)政府狀態(tài) animal year 本命年 anti-corruption 反腐敗

anti-robbery bell 防盜鈴

apartheid 種族隔離 appropriate authorities 有關(guān)當(dāng)局 arch-foe 主要的勁敵armed intervention 武裝干涉 arm-twisting 施加壓力 arson 放火，縱火assembly hall 會(huì)議廳 assembly line 生產(chǎn)流水線 assembly man 議員，裝配工

assistant secretary（美）助理部長(zhǎng) assistant secretary of state（美）助理國(guó)務(wù)卿attaché 專員，（外交使團(tuán)的）隨員 audience rating 收視率 audiophile 音樂(lè)發(fā)燒友a(bǔ)uthoritative information 官方消息 authoritative source 權(quán)威人士

autonomous region / prefecture 自治區(qū) / 州 axis power 軸心國(guó)

bachelor mother 未婚母親 background briefing 吹風(fēng)會(huì)，背景情況介紹會(huì)bacteria 細(xì)菌 bail 保釋，保釋金 ballot 選票，投票 bank book 銀行存折bank failure 銀行倒閉 bar code 條形碼 bargain price 廉價(jià)

be responsible for one’s own profit and loss 自負(fù)盈虧

be honest in performing one’s official duties 廉潔奉公

beeper BP機(jī) behind-the-scene maneuvering 幕后操縱 benefit concert 義演音樂(lè)會(huì)best supporting actress award 最佳女配角 bid up price 哄抬物價(jià)

big gun 有勢(shì)力的人，名人

big lie 大騙局 bistro 夜總會(huì) black box 測(cè)謊器 black market price 黑市價(jià)blanket ballot 全面選舉 blast 爆炸blind alley 死胡同 blockade 封鎖

bloodless coup 不流血政變 Blue Berets 藍(lán)盔部隊(duì) bluff diplomacy 恫嚇外交bombard 轟炸，炮擊 boom（經(jīng)濟(jì)）繁榮，興旺 borrower 債方

botanical garden 植物園

bottle up 抑制 bottom out 走出低谷 box office returns 票房收入

box office smash 賣座率高的演出 boycott 聯(lián)合抵制 brain drain 人才流失brain gain 人才引進(jìn) brain trust 智囊團(tuán) brawn drain 勞工外流

bread-and-butter letter 感謝信 bribery 行賄 bubble economy 泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)bureaucracy 官僚主義 bureaucrat 官倒 cabinet lineup 內(nèi)閣陣容

cabinet re-shuffle 內(nèi)閣改組 cable car 纜車 cable-stay bridge 斜拉橋 cadre 干部cafeteria 自助餐廳 calamity 災(zāi)難 campaign against porns 掃黃運(yùn)動(dòng)

candidate for exam 考生 cargo handling capacity 貨物吞吐量 carnival 狂歡節(jié)casualty 遇難者，傷亡人員 catch phrase 口頭禪，口號(hào) ceasefire ?；?/p>

ceiling price 最高限價(jià) celebrity 知名人士 cellular phone 移動(dòng)電話，大哥大censure vote 不信任投票 census 人口普查 ceremonial usherette 迎賓小姐

chamber concert 室內(nèi)音樂(lè)會(huì) charity 慈善組織

chartered plane 包機(jī) china hand 中國(guó)通

China’s actual conditions 中國(guó)國(guó)情 Chinese descendant in America 美籍華裔cholesterol 膽固醇 civil servant 公務(wù)員 civilian平民 classroom boycott 罷課climbout 經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇 closing address 閉幕辭 cloverleaf intersection 立交橋

comfortably-off level 小康水平commuter 乘車上班族 complains box 意見(jiàn)箱computernik 電腦迷 condominium（condo）社區(qū)式的一個(gè)住宅單元

condolence 慰問(wèn)，吊唁 conducted tour 團(tuán)體旅游 confiscate 沒(méi)收，充公

conscience forum 道德法庭 conscription 征兵，入伍 conservative party 保守黨construction of a clean government 廉政建設(shè) convenience food 方便食品

corruption reporting center 舉報(bào)中心 countdown 倒計(jì)時(shí) county magistrate 縣長(zhǎng)cramming system 填鴨式教學(xué)法 crash program 應(yīng)急計(jì)劃 criminal law 刑法

crude oil 原油 cultural undertakings 文化事業(yè) curfew 宵禁 curriculum vitae 履歷表curtain call 謝幕 daily necessities 日用品 daily turnover 日成交量 dan（圍棋的）段deadlock 僵局 death toll 死亡人數(shù)，死亡率 defendant 被告 deli(catessen)熟食 dictatorship 獨(dú)裁 disaster-hit area 災(zāi)區(qū) disc jockey DJ dissolve 解散

division chief 處長(zhǎng)，科長(zhǎng) doctorial tutor 博士生導(dǎo)師 door money 入場(chǎng)費(fèi)

dove 主和派，鴿派 duet 二重唱

Duma（俄）杜馬，俄羅斯議會(huì) dux 學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)兵，學(xué)習(xí)尖子

economic sanction 經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁 economic take-off 經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛 El Nino 厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象electric power 電力 eliminate 淘汰 embargo 禁運(yùn) en route to 在……途中

enlisted man 現(xiàn)役軍人 epidemic 流行病 exclusive interview 獨(dú)家采訪

exposition/expo 博覽會(huì) face-to-face talk 會(huì)晤 fairplay trophy 風(fēng)格獎(jiǎng)

family planning 計(jì)劃生育 flea market 跳蚤市場(chǎng)

flying squad 飛虎隊(duì) frame-up 誣陷，假案

front page 頭條 front row seat 首席記者 full house 滿座

gear…to the international conventions 把…與國(guó)際接軌

grass widow / widower 留守女士 / 留守男士 guest of honor 貴賓

guest team / home team 客隊(duì) / 主隊(duì) hawk 主戰(zhàn)派，鷹派 heroin 海洛因

highlights and sidelights要聞與花絮 his-and-hers watches情侶表

hit parade 流行歌曲排行榜

hit product 拳頭產(chǎn)品 hit-and-runner 肇事后逃走者Hong Kong compatriot 香港同胞honor guard 儀仗隊(duì) hostage 人質(zhì) housing reform 住房改革 hypermedia 多媒體ideology 意識(shí)形態(tài) idle money 閑散資金 in another related development 另?yè)?jù)報(bào)道incumbent mayor 現(xiàn)任市長(zhǎng) info-highway 信息高速公路 in-service training 在職訓(xùn)練inspector-general 總監(jiān) interim government 過(guò)渡政府 invitation meet 邀請(qǐng)賽judo 柔道 karate 空手道 kiosk 小賣部 knock-out system 淘汰制

knowledge economy 知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì) ksei 棋圣 laid-off 下崗 leading actor 男主角lease 租約，租期 man of mark 名人，要人

manuscript原稿，腳本 marriage lines 結(jié)婚證書(shū)

master key 萬(wàn)能鑰匙 medium 媒體，媒介 mercy killing 安樂(lè)死 moped 助力車Moslem 穆斯林 multimedia 多媒體 music cafe 音樂(lè)茶座 national anthem 國(guó)歌

negative vote 反對(duì)票 nest egg 私房錢 news agency 通訊社 news briefing 新聞發(fā)布會(huì)news conference 記者招待會(huì) news flash 短訊，快訊 nominee 候選人 notions 小商品null and void 無(wú)效的 off-hour hobby 業(yè)余愛(ài)好 off-the-job training 脫產(chǎn)培訓(xùn)

on standby 待命 on-the-job training 在職培訓(xùn) on-the-spot broadcasting 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播opinion poll 民意測(cè)驗(yàn) overpass（人行）天橋 overseas student 留學(xué)生

overture 序曲 overwhelming majority 壓倒性多數(shù) palm phone 大哥大

parliament 國(guó)會(huì) passerby 過(guò)路人 pay-to-the-driver bus 無(wú)人售票車

peaceful co-existence 和平共處 peace-keeping force 維和部隊(duì)

peak viewing time 黃金時(shí)間

pedestrian 行人 pension insurance 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) Pentagon 五角大樓 perk額外津貼PM = prime minister 首相，總理 politburo 政治局 poor box 濟(jì)貧箱 pope 教皇pose for a group photo 集體合影留念 poverty-stricken area 貧困地區(qū)

power failure 斷電，停電 premiere 首映，初次公演 press briefing 新聞發(fā)布會(huì)

press corps 記者團(tuán) press spokesman 新聞發(fā)言人 prize-awarding ceremony 頒獎(jiǎng)儀式professional escort “三陪”服務(wù) profiteer 投機(jī)倒把者 protocol 草案，協(xié)議

puberty 青春期 public servant 公務(wù)員 questionnaire 調(diào)查表

quick-frozen food 速凍食品 quiz game 智力競(jìng)賽 racial discrimination 種族歧視 rapport 默契 reciprocal visits 互訪

recital 獨(dú)唱會(huì)，獨(dú)奏會(huì) red-carpet welcome 隆重歡迎 red-hot news 最新消息red-letter day 大喜之日 redundant 下崗人員 re-employment 再就業(yè)

rep = representative 代表 rip off 宰客 senate 參議院 tenure of office 任職期the other man / woman 第三者 top news 頭條新聞 tornado 龍卷風(fēng)

tour de force 代表作 township enterprises 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè) township head 鄉(xiāng)長(zhǎng)

traffic tie-up 交通癱瘓 truce ?；?，休戰(zhàn) trustee 董事 two-day dayoffs 雙休日tycoon 巨富 umpire 裁判 V.D.= venereal disease 性病 vaccine 疫苗

vehicle-free promenade 步行街 vote down 否決 well-off level 小康水平

well-to-do level 小康水平Who's Who 名人錄 working couple 雙職工