第一篇：名詞性從句 同位語從句用法詳解

名詞性從句 同位語從句用法詳解(例句豐富)

一、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that，whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。

1.由that引導(dǎo)

We heard the news that our team had won.我們聽到消息說我們隊(duì)贏了。

They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不實(shí)。

I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.我得出結(jié)論這樣做是不明智的。

The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那筆錢不見了這一事實(shí)并不意味著是被偷了。

He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun.他提到了哥白尼關(guān)于地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的說法。

【注意1】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。如：

They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.他們面對(duì)廢除這個(gè)稅的要求。

They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他們表示希望她接受這筆獎(jiǎng)金。

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。

The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.允許婦女參加這個(gè)協(xié)會(huì)的決議通過了。

I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.我理解他們希望你作主要發(fā)言人的殷切心情。

【注意2】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。如：

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。

2.由whether引導(dǎo)

There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否會(huì)來還不一定。

Answer my question whether you are coming.你回答我的問題：你來不來。

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.這個(gè)是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)要看結(jié)果。

We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問題。

【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

3.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)

Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時(shí)候開始嗎?

From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters.After that I went back to work in a factory.Then I had no idea what a casino was.從1985年到1990年我是地方黨部的教員。隨后我回到一家工廠工作。當(dāng)時(shí)我不知道賭場(chǎng)是什么樣的地方。

4.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)

I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。It is a question how he did it.那是一個(gè)他如何做的問題。

He had no idea why she left.他不知道她為什么離開。

You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我多著急!

二、關(guān)于分離同位語從句

有時(shí)同位語從句可以和同位的名詞分開。如：

The story goes that he beats his wife.傳說他打老婆。

The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息傳開說他中彩得了一輛汽車。

The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.謠傳這里要蓋一所新學(xué)校。

Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.有傳言說史密斯一家要離開這座城市。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。

The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.不久命令下來，所有居民都必須撤出村子。(G31)

二、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

1．意義的不同

同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍?hào)；而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：

We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)

We are glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句)2.引導(dǎo)詞的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。

3.引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同

that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。

4.被修飾詞語的區(qū)別

同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外，when和where 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞，而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)卻不一定；又如why引導(dǎo)定語從句，它通常只修飾名詞the reason，而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)則不一定：

I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來。(同位語從句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語從句)

We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我們不明白這個(gè)問題，為什么這是最好的選擇。(同位語從句)

The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能來開會(huì)，原因是他生病了。(定語從句)

第二篇：名詞性從句的用法

名詞性從句的用法

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞：that（無任何詞意）；whether, if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）；as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）。以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分

連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.Whichever, whomever 連接副詞：when, where, how, why 不可省略的連詞： 1.介詞后的連詞

2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比較：

Whether與if 均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1.Whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首； 2.引導(dǎo)表語從句

3.Whether從句作介詞賓語； 4.從句后有“or not”

Whether he will come is not clear.大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當(dāng)形式主語。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二、具體分類 1．主語從句

作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.誰能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。

【典例1】(2009·上海卷)It is immediately clear ____ the financial crisis will soon be over.A.since B.what C.when D.whether 【答案】D

【解析】考查主語從句的用法。該句的意思時(shí)：經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)是否會(huì)很快結(jié)束是很明顯的事情。“是 1 否”用whether表示，不能選when是因?yàn)閺木渲杏蓅oon這一實(shí)踐狀語。

【典例2】(2008·山東卷)_____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A.It B.This C.What D.As 【答案】C

【解析】she told me是插入語，可刪除。what引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句

另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that … It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that…

It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…

【典例】(2009·天津卷)It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that 【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞性從句。本空格處應(yīng)是一個(gè)主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，因該主語從句不缺成分，且句意完整，故應(yīng)用不作任何成分的連詞that。2．賓語從句

名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。（1）由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。

注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。例如： I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。（2）用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如： I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告訴了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支 2 持。

【典例1】(2008·北京卷)The companies are working together to create _______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.A.which B.that C.what D.who 【答案】C

【解析】create后為賓語從句，從句中they hope是插入語，可刪除。因?yàn)閺木渲腥鄙僦髡Z，所以用what引導(dǎo)該從句。

【典例2】(2009· 全國卷Ⅰ)Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please? A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever 【答案】C

【解析】 考查名詞性從句。題干中介詞to后面為賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，因此填whoever。（3）用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if： a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)；d.從句后有“or not”時(shí)；e.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如：

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問題。

The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?

Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他來還是不來。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？

（4）注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用 不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

he studies English every day.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）he studied English last term.（從句用一般過去時(shí)）

I know(that)he will study English next year.（從句用一般將來時(shí)）he has studied English since 1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．

（5）think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?We don’t think you are here.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。3．表語從句

在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句。例如：

The fact is that we have lost the game.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。

That’s just what I want.這正是我想要的。

This is where our problem lies.這就是我們的問題所在。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【點(diǎn)撥】whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。

【典例1】(2009·山東卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________she was and wait tor her mother.A.where B.what C.how D.who 【答案】A

【解析】remain是系動(dòng)詞，后加表語從句，由句意可知，從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語，所以選A?！镜淅?】(2008·天津卷)The last time we had grat fun was _______ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why 【答案】C

【解析】was后為表語從句，此處when與the last time相呼應(yīng)，根據(jù)句意可排除其他選項(xiàng)。4． 同位語從句

同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。例如：

The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。【典例】(2009· 重慶卷)We should consider the students’ request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science.A.that B.when C.which D.where 【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)題意知，空格處是同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，修飾中心名詞request，且在句子中不充當(dāng)成分，故用that。這句話的意思是我們應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的這個(gè)要求，即學(xué)校圖書館應(yīng)該多提供一些大眾科學(xué)方面的書籍。

三、對(duì)比與用法

1．同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：

that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:

I had no idea that you were here．（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）

Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）

2．that-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末。

用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系： a.It + be +形容詞+ that-從句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明顯…… b.It + be +-ed 分詞+ that-從句 It is believed that… 人們相信…… It is known to all that… 從所周知…… It has been decided that… 已決定…… c.It + be +名詞+ that-從句

It is common knowledge that… ……是常識(shí) It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事實(shí)是…… d.It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧……

It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。

It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。3．否定轉(zhuǎn)移

（1）將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。I don't think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。注意：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。I hope you weren't ill.我想你沒有生病吧。

（2）將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看來他們不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看來我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣?！緜淇疾呗浴?/p>

考生對(duì)于名詞性從句的復(fù)習(xí)和應(yīng)試關(guān)鍵要把握每個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞的意義，因?yàn)樵趯?duì)于名詞性從句的考查中，引導(dǎo)詞在句子中都起作用，有意義，因此在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)比辨別名詞性從句、狀語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句式后，最后還是要選擇引導(dǎo)詞；另外還要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1．what 引導(dǎo)詞的考查，尤其位于介詞后引導(dǎo)的賓語從句以及引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的雙重作用。2．Whether和if 的區(qū)別，尤其注意他們的不同之處。

3．名詞性從句和其它從句的兼容結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試。4.句子語序和時(shí)態(tài)。具體說：

1.掌握名詞性從句的分類功能

名詞性從句根據(jù)其在主句的功能作用又可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。(1)若從句在句中作主語為主語從句(2)若從句在句中作賓語為賓語從句(3)若從句在句中作表語為表語從句(4)若從句在句中作同位語為同位語從句 2.掌握連詞的含義及分類

絕大多數(shù)名詞性從句的連詞都有其實(shí)在意義，稱為有義連詞，如what表“……的內(nèi)容”，when表“……的時(shí)間”，where表“……的地點(diǎn)”，why表“……的原因”，how表“如何；怎樣”，who表“誰”，if, whether表“是否”；沒有實(shí)在意義的連詞叫無義連詞，無義連詞只有that一個(gè)。

3.掌握名詞性從句的語序 名詞性從句用陳述語序。

4.掌握名詞性從句和其它從句之間的關(guān)系

有些連詞除引導(dǎo)名詞性從句外還可引導(dǎo)其它從句，應(yīng)掌握它們之間的關(guān)系。

(1)if ,whether表“是否”時(shí)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；if表“如果”時(shí)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；whether表“無論是否；不管是否”時(shí)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

(2)when表“……的時(shí)間”，where表“……的地方”時(shí)引導(dǎo)名詞從句；when表“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，where表“……的地方”，且修飾行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句；when, where從句作定語修飾先行詞時(shí)引導(dǎo)定語從句?！緦ｎ}突破】

高考中考查名詞性從句時(shí)，經(jīng)?？疾檫B接詞的選用。解題時(shí)應(yīng)先判斷從句的類型，然后判斷從句是否缺少成分以及意義是否完整，最后根據(jù)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞的特點(diǎn)確定特定的連接詞。要求學(xué)生在做題中要注意如下幾點(diǎn)： 1.分析結(jié)構(gòu)，辨析名詞性從句和狀語從句； 2.理解句意，正確區(qū)別引導(dǎo)詞；

3.按照句意，出現(xiàn)那個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞意思，便選擇那個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞?！緦ｎ}鞏固】

1.A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.A.if B.when C.that D.which

2.See the flag on top of the building ? That was _______ we did this morning.A when B.which C.where D.what

3． The government has announced that a modern city will be set up in _______is still a wasteland now.A.what B.which C.that D.where

4．Many people wrote articles on _______Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event.6 A.why B.what C.who D.that

5．The couple are spending their holiday on _______is described as one of the most beautiful islands.A.that B.what C.which D.where 6．The book is meant to _______needs it.A.who B.whoever C.whomever D.whom

7.In his speech, Premier Wen Jiabao points out that creativity is_______it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.A.how B.what C.which D.that

8．The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth_______ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.A.that what B.what C.that D.what that

9．_______has recently been done to provide more buses for the people ,a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.A.That B.What C.In spite of what D.Though what

10._______is certain is _______prevention is more important than treatment.A.It;that B.What;that C.As;what D.What;what

11.Nobody would stand out admitting the fact, for some reason, _______they lost the game.A.that B.which C.what D.why

12.—The patient looks much better._______is it that has made him_______he is today? —Perhaps the special medicine and his family’s patient care.A．What;that B．That;that C．What;what D．What;which

13.After three hours’ climbing , they reached _______ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.A．what B．which C．where D．that

14.A plan has been put forward _______more graduates should go to work in the country

A.when B.that C.whether D.how

15.It is pretty well understood _______controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how

16.(2009· 湖南卷)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do _______it takes to save her life.A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever

17.(2009·陜西卷)The how-to book can be of help to _______wants to do the job.A.who B.whomever C.no matter who D.whoever

18.(2009· 安徽卷)A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A.how B.whom C.when D.which

19.(2009·江蘇卷)Many young people in the West are expected to leave_______could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what

20.(2009·浙江卷)—Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem.A.when B.that C.whether D.what 【參考答案及解析】

1.C 句意：我腦海中突然出現(xiàn)一個(gè)溫情的念頭，用我的零花錢給媽媽買些鮮花作為她的生日禮物。本題考察名詞性從句用法。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.做A warm thought 的同位語從句。中間被suddenly came to me隔開，增加了試題難度。此外，部分考生由于對(duì)同位語從句和定語從句不分，故錯(cuò)選D為答案。2.D 表語從句中缺did的賓語。

3.A “_______is still a wasteland now.”做介詞in的賓語從句，從句中缺主語句意為：政府已經(jīng)宣布一座現(xiàn)代化的城市將在這片現(xiàn)在仍是廢墟的地方建成。

4.A“_______Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event.”做介詞on的賓語，賓語從句中不缺主干，故排除B和C。另外that不引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句（固定搭配除外），所以排除D。5.B “_______is described as one of the most beautiful islands.”賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，6.B whoever在賓語從句中做主語，部分學(xué)生，因?yàn)橹豢吹浇樵~to，誤認(rèn)為要添whomever做介詞的賓語。

7.B “_______it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.”做表語從句，從句中缺少takes的賓語，構(gòu)成 it takes sth to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)。

8.A本題句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，“_______ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress”做a truth的同位語從句，同位語從句中_______ a nation loses in times of disaster為主語從句。本句共有兩個(gè)從句，故有兩個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。句意為“中華民族的經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明了一個(gè)真理，即，一個(gè)民族在災(zāi)難中失去的，必將從民族的進(jìn)步中得到補(bǔ)償。

9.C “_______has recently been done to provide more buses for the people”在句中做讓步狀語,而D.Though what錯(cuò)誤, 因?yàn)? 一個(gè)單一的從句不能用兩個(gè)連詞引導(dǎo).句意: 盡管在為人們提供更多公交車這件事上, 投入了很多, 但是公交工具的缺乏, 仍然是個(gè)問題.10.B “_______is certain”在句中做主語,主語從句缺少一個(gè)主語,需要用What;“_______prevention is more important than treatment.”系表語從句,句意與結(jié)構(gòu)完整,只有that,可以這樣用。

11.A“_______ they lost the game.”在句子中做the fact 的同位語從句,從句意思結(jié)構(gòu)完整,結(jié)構(gòu)完整。

12.C先將句子結(jié)構(gòu)理清楚，it is _______that has made him _______he is today 就可以判斷，第一個(gè)空是考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問形式；第二個(gè)空則是表語從句，表語從句中缺少he is的表語。句意：病人好多了，是什么使得他成為現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子。

13.A考生誤以為是地點(diǎn)狀語從句，誤選C．where。而reached是及物動(dòng)詞，后邊接的是賓語從句，賓語從句除去插入語they thought，應(yīng)該缺主語。

14.B 考察同位語從句，表達(dá)A plan的具體內(nèi)容，has been put forward將名詞與從句隔開，8 加大了難度。

15.C 主要測(cè)試主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：句子屬于形式主語格式；另外主句中缺少主語。雙重作用的引導(dǎo)詞只能是what。例如：It is still doubtful what he said at the meeting yesterday。昨天他在會(huì)上說的話仍然值得懷疑。

16.C 名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：她對(duì)我們來說是非常寶貴，我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好做一切來拯救她的生命。

17.D 此處從句作介詞to的賓語，是名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)詞作從句的主語，指人，意思是：無論是誰，選D。

18.C 考查名詞性從句，介詞from后除了接代詞或名詞作賓語外，還可接介詞短語或副詞短語作賓語；由后面“I was born”可以推測(cè)from后面可以指時(shí)間，也可以指地點(diǎn)，再由所給的選項(xiàng)可得出答案。

19.D 考查名詞性從句。賓語從句中缺少主語，因此選what。

20.B考查同位語從句。此處是由what引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，表示“你有沒有可能來機(jī)場(chǎng)接我？”。所以選B項(xiàng)。

第三篇：名詞性從句

2007年高考試題單項(xiàng)選擇語法分類匯編

十二.名詞性從句

1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.[2007 全國卷II]

A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which

2.______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.[2007 上海卷]

A.That B.What C.WhetherD.Where

3.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.[2007 上海卷]

A.when B.why C.whetherD.that

4.Could I speak to---------is in charge of International Sales ,please? [2007 山東卷]

A．a(chǎn)nyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．nomatter who

5.You can only be sure of_________ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something _____ you might getin the future.[2007 安徽卷]

A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that

6.—Where’s that report?

—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.[2007 北京卷]

A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.befor

7.It is none of your businessother people think about you.Believe yourself.[2007 福建卷]

A.howB.whatC.whichD.when

8.Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.[2007 湖南卷]

A.whyB.that

[2007 江蘇卷]

A.what B.why C.how10.parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.[2007 陜西卷]

A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As

you read．[2007 上海春]

A．that B．what C．which D．whether

12.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is.[2007 天津卷]

A.whatB.whichC.howD.where

13.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.[2007 浙江卷]

A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why

第四篇：名詞性從句

名詞性從句

名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句廳分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。一．引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

1、連接代詞：who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。

2、連接副詞：when, where, why, how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語。

3、連接詞：that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略；if(whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。

注意：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中謂語不用疑問式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分，連接詞whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if 和as if都用不上時(shí)，才用that作連接詞（that本身無任何含義）。二.名詞性從句的分類如下

（一）主語從句

主語從句的句型.引導(dǎo)詞有疑問詞wh-及whether/if及that.1、主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。疑問詞引導(dǎo)e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。

3、If/whether 引導(dǎo)e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.4．It+be+adj(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,likely,certain,probable,etc)/名詞詞組（no wonder,an honor , a good thing,a pity,etc)+that從句 e.g.It’s certain that she will do well in the exam/It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.5．It+be+過去分詞（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc)+that從句

e.g.It’s said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.Note:that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略，但that從句置于開頭時(shí)不能省略。e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（二）表語從句

表語從句的句型及要點(diǎn)。引導(dǎo)詞疑問詞wh-及whether及that.1、表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。疑問詞引導(dǎo)的： e.g.The question was who could go there.Note: 引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞that一般不可省去。

e.g.My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work.連接詞that一般不能省略，但當(dāng)主句中含動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，that可以省略。如： What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank him.我想做的事是走到身邊去感謝他

（三）賓語從句

賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。引導(dǎo)詞有疑問詞wh-及whether、if(if 和whether 有區(qū)別）及that.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.Note:以下情況that不可省略：(不考查）

1.當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是that時(shí)。2.2.當(dāng)賓語從句中含有主從復(fù)合句時(shí) Father promised that I studied harder he would take me to Beijing.3.當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)賓語從句由并列連詞連接時(shí)，除第一個(gè)從句中的that可以省略外，其余從句中的that都不可以省略。

4當(dāng)that偶爾作except和in的賓語時(shí)。This book is unsatisfactory in that it lacks a good index.中，that it lacks a good index就是介詞 in 的賓語從句，這當(dāng)中的that就不能省略。

（四）同位語從句。引導(dǎo)詞wh-及whether及that.同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞有疑問詞wh-及whether及that.同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.名詞性從句易混知識(shí)歸納

易混點(diǎn)一 ：同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

that引導(dǎo)的從句，是定語從句還是同位語從句，我們我們采用“試加 法”，來判斷。The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.This is the fact that you must know clearly.1.when、where、why引導(dǎo)的從句

引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，其意義與先行詞有關(guān)，與先行詞的意義基本相同，沒有疑問意義；但引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，其意義完全與疑問詞相同，即when表示什么時(shí)候，where表示哪兒，引導(dǎo)兩種從句時(shí)，都在從句中做狀語。如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.句中的when相當(dāng)于“on the day”它沒有疑問詞“什么時(shí)候”的意義，因此是定語從句。

I have no idea when she will be back.when與idea毫無意義上的關(guān)聯(lián)，其意思是“什么時(shí)候”,因而是同位語從句。易混點(diǎn)二：reason后面的名詞性從句

reason做主語時(shí)，后面的表語從句表示原因是要用that引導(dǎo)，一般不用because或why，而用it，this或that做主語時(shí)，后面的表語從句可用because或why引導(dǎo)。

1.“The reason +連系動(dòng)詞+that“引導(dǎo)的表語從句。本句型的意思是：理由是：。。。The reason was that he fell ill.2.It（或This、That）+連系動(dòng)詞+the reason+why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。本句型意為：這就是。。。的原因（理由）That is the reason why he failed in the contest, 3.It（或This、That）+連系動(dòng)詞+the reason+because引導(dǎo)的表語從句。本句型意為：這是因?yàn)?。。。；這是由于。。。的緣故。That was because he fell ill.4.It（或This、That）+連系動(dòng)詞+why引導(dǎo)的表語從句。本句型意為：這就是。。。的原因。

That was why he fell ill.易混點(diǎn)三：what、whatever、who、whoever等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 我們可以通過與定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化知道兩組在意義上的差別。Whatever=anything that（無論什么）Whoever=anyone who（無論誰）

Whenever=any time=no matter when（無論何時(shí)）Wherever=any place=no matter where（無論何地）這都是泛指。而what、who、when、where則是特指。如： Who spoke at the meeting is unknown The person that spoke at the meeting is unknown.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.注意：1.whatever、whoever、whenever、wherever等常引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語或表語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，等于“no matter +疑問詞”。而no matter +疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Eg：Whatever I said/No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me..2whoever的賓格還是whoever，一般不用whomever。易混點(diǎn) whether與if（不做考查）

二者都可以作“是否”講，能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，都不能省略。1.在及物動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換；

注意：在某些動(dòng)詞后（如:discuss）只能接whether，不能跟if。如： We discussed whether we should close the shop.2.引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí)都用whether，不用if。如：

The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasn’t been decided.Whether he will win is all the same to me.The question is whether you can go there yourself.但如果主語從句是有It用作形式主語，if和whether都可以 It is unknown whetherif she is ill.3賓語從句中，如果whether后緊跟or not，不用換做if；若whether與or not分開使用，則可以換作if。如： I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I don’t know whetherif I can come or not.4.若賓語從句為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則多用if，而不用whether。如： I don’t care if he doesn’t show up.（炫耀）

5.在介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句或與帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)合而構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，只能用whether，而不用if。如：

I haven’t settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.練習(xí)：名詞性從句

1.Do you see _____ I mean? 2.Tell me_____ is on your mind.3.We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.4.Let me see _____I can repair the radio or not.5.Keep in mind _____ the teacher said 6.Could you advise me _____ book I should read first? 7.He was criticized for _____ he had done.8.Would you kindly tell me _____ I can get to the Beijing Railway Station? 9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _____ she had seen in China.10.We took it for granted ___ they were not coming.11.I really don't know _____ I should do next.12.I'm afraid _____ the little girl will have to be operated on.13.She walked up to _____ I stood.14.Can you tell me _____ that gentleman is? 15.We'll give you _____ you need.16.They want us to know _____ they can do to help us.17.We must put _____ we have learned into practice.18.Did she say anything about _____ the work was to be done yesterday? 19.He was never satisfied with _____ she had achieved in her work.20.These photographs will show you _____ our village looks like.21.Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill for the dinner.22.They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.23.We wish we could have learned _____ you did when we were at high school.24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when I go there.25.From _____ 1 know of him I should say he is a good worker.26.I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.28._____ was said here must be kept secret.29.It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.30.It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.31.It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.32._____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.33.It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.34._____ you have done might do harm to other people.35._____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.36._____ the 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing is known to all.37._____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.38.__ we need more equipment is quite obvious.39.Has it been announced _____ the planes are to take off? 40._____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said 41.Things were not _____ they seemed to be.42.They are just _____ I want to have.43.That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.44.My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.45.The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.46.We heard the news _____ our team had won.47.The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.48.We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.高考真題 2011--2013年高考

1._______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.3.I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.4.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.5.It was never clear _____ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.6.Modern science has given clear evidence _____ smoking can lead to many diseases.7.When the news came ____ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.8.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ____ the problem is.9.I’d like to start my own business—that’s _____ I’d do if I had the money.10.The villagers have already known ____ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.11.It is still under discussion _____ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.12.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _____ we are to shake hands with.13.Our teachers always tell us to belive in _____ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.14.There is clear evidence_____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret（表達(dá)）is bodily pain.2012年高考

1.We can not clear ____ the president can do to end the strike.2.The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.3.I made a promise to myself _____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.4.We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a phone taken with the movie star.5.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ____ he reaches the limits will depend on his environment.6.It doesn’t matter____ you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park.7.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ____ he could find about Mark Twain.8.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.9._____ he had left keys in the office was known to us..10.Evidence has been found through years of study ___ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.2013年高考

1.I have no idea ____ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me? 2.____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.3.____ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.4.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.5.____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.6.______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.7.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ___ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.8.It’s good to know___ the dog will be well cared for while we’re away.9._____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.10.Police have found ____ appears to be the lost ancient statue.名詞性從句翻譯練習(xí)

1.你不喜歡他與我無關(guān) 2.湯姆已經(jīng)回來了這很清楚 3.紙是中國首先造出來的這是事實(shí)。4.你要的是兩個(gè)蘋果嗎？ 5.老師問我們是否知道王芳在那里。6.我叔叔說他很快就會(huì)回來 7.他說的話沒有一句是真的。8.這取決于你是否想做這件事。9.我為什么遲到的原因是我在半路上遇到塞車了。10.她的頭發(fā)變白了使她有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心。11.他們就何時(shí)何地舉行這次多國會(huì)議達(dá)成了一致意見。

12.你們的任務(wù)是在六點(diǎn)鐘以前想盡一切辦法找些吃的回來,否則，今晚我們就得挨餓。13.我對(duì)你們學(xué)英語的建議就是多讀，多聽，多寫。14.我們必須面對(duì)這個(gè)事實(shí)即我們已經(jīng)花光了所有的錢。

15.他要醫(yī)院給他做出解釋的要求是合理的 16.他問我買小提琴花了多少錢。17.你想象不到他們?cè)谑盏竭@份精美的禮物時(shí)有多么激動(dòng)。

18.問題是我們應(yīng)該做什么來幫助他。19.你同意我們后天去旅行的計(jì)劃嗎？20.什么時(shí)候，怎樣回家那是他自己的決定。21.哪一只球隊(duì)會(huì)取勝還不一定。22.三天后，我們聽到了這樣的消息我國有發(fā)射一顆人造衛(wèi)星。23.任何對(duì)此事視而不見的（ignore / fail to do）人將回鑄成大錯(cuò)。

24.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)這個(gè)星期或是下星期開都沒有關(guān)系。25.我們現(xiàn)在做的以前從來沒有做過。36.你能告訴我這本字典是屬于誰的嗎？

高中名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)

參考答案 名詞性從句

1~5 DBABD 6~10 DBBCA 11~15 CABCC 16~20 BADAB 21~25 CDAAA 26~30 CCCDB 31~35 ABCDB 36~40 BDACD 41~45 BCDBB 46~50 ADBAC 51~55 CCBDA 56~60 ADABB 61~65 ACDBA 高考題：2011：BDDCACCADCABDD 2012：DBCCB ADADD 2013: BCCCD CBDBD 1.That you don’t like her has nothing to do with me..2.It was very clear that Tom had returned 3.It is the fact that paper was first made in China 4 4.Are what you want two apples

第五篇：名詞性從句教案

名詞性從句包括：

主語從句

表語從句

賓語從句

同位語從句

? The question is who can complete the difficult task.? He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.? That she was able to come made us very happy.? He objected that it was impossible.一、主語從句

1、主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語

That she was chosen made us very happy.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.【注】 “that”在主語從句中不作任何成分，但放在句首時(shí)不能省略。

2、問：怎么才能 that 不放在句首呢？

答：有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主語，而把從句放在后面。

It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.試試看：新產(chǎn)品銷售得好不好取決于它的質(zhì)量和價(jià)格。

It作形式主語的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：

1、It+ be +形容詞+ that從句

It is strange that he knows nothing about it.2、It+ be +名詞+ that從句

It is a pity that they have failed in the match.3、It+動(dòng)詞+賓語+ that從句

It depends on its quality and price whether a new product sells well.4、It+動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)+ that從句

It is still unknown which team will win the match.作文常用句式：

1、It turned out that...結(jié)果是?

2、It has been proved that...已經(jīng)證明?

3、It is well-known that...眾所周知?

4、It must be pointed out that...必須指出?

二、表語從句

1、表語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語

The reason is that you don’t trust her.This is where I disagree.例：The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied． reason 后面的表語從句只能用that 引導(dǎo), 不能用because 引導(dǎo), 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why。

2、表語從句不能用if引導(dǎo)，但可用as if引導(dǎo)。例如： He looked as if he was going to cry.三、賓語從句

賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，賓語從

句一般放在動(dòng)詞、介詞或形容詞后。

She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.【注】

① 有時(shí)要用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.①

如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑問詞引

導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問詞要放在句首。

What do you think is going on outside? ③

I/We(don’t)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接賓語從句

時(shí)，反義疑問句要與從句中的主語和謂語保持一致。

I don’t suppose he cares，does he? ④ 在賓語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞whether和if基本一樣，但介詞后的賓語

從句多用whether。

It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.⑤ 動(dòng)詞doubt如用于肯定句，其后的賓語從句常用if/whether引導(dǎo)，如用于否定句或疑問句，則賓語從句用that引導(dǎo)。

I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match.I don’t doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.四、同位語從句

在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problemin, formation 等名詞后面，用以說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。

The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.?

引導(dǎo)同位語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞用that時(shí)，不能省略，不能用which替代

1.引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別

? what從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)what=all that/everything that ? that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首時(shí)，不能省略

What we can’t get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.2.引導(dǎo)詞if和whether的區(qū)別

? whether或if均可表示“是否”的情況如下：

引導(dǎo)賓語從句。例如：

I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.? 只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況：

? 在表語從句中。例如：

The question is whether the film is worth seeing.? 在同位語從句中。例如：

The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.Answer my question whether you are coming.? 在主語從句中。例如：

Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.如果用it作形式主語，則whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語從句。

例如：It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.? 用于句型“名詞+as to + whether”中。例如：

There is some question as to whether the public should be told about the accident.? 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如：

He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.? 后面緊接or not時(shí)。例如：

We didn't know whether or not she was ready.? 用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)。例如：

Please let me know if you like it.該句有兩個(gè)意思 “請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡”或 “如果你喜歡，請(qǐng)告 訴我”用了 whether就可以避免歧義。3.引導(dǎo)詞who與whoever的區(qū)別

whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于anyone who或those who，它

既是從句的主語，又是主句的主語。而who只作從句的主語，它

引導(dǎo)的從句才是主句的主語。

Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who will be elected president doesn’t make much difference to me.4.引導(dǎo)詞what與whatever的區(qū)別

whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，與what差不多，只是語氣上更強(qiáng)

些，有“任何一切??”之意。

? This is exactly what I want.? It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.5.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

同位語從句本身完整，定語從句不完整，因此其前的名詞在定語從句中通常作主語、賓語或表語等成分。I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.從結(jié)構(gòu)看，同位語從句常由連接詞that引導(dǎo)，雖在從句中不充 當(dāng)任何成分,但不可省略。而定語從句中由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，代替先行 詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)成分（主語或賓語），充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。6.It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較

將 “it is/was?that?”去掉后,句子仍然成立的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,否則是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句 如：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.7.whoever與no matter who；whatever與no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語

從句；no matter who和no matter what只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whatever(＝No matter what)you may think，I’m going ahead with my plans.Take whatever you need and leave me alone.9.名詞性從句中的語氣

(1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange...＋that從句中，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should＋原形動(dòng)詞”表虛擬語氣，且should 可省略。

It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.(2)表示“建議、命令、要求”意義的動(dòng)詞，后接that從句時(shí)，從句

中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should＋原形動(dòng)詞”，且should 可省略。

Bob’s doctor suggests that he(should)rest for a few days.(3)表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，后接that從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣：“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。

這類名詞有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand, determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.同樣，如主語是表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，那么that引導(dǎo)的表語從句中也要用虛擬語氣。

Her suggestion was that they(should)carry on their conversation in French.