第一篇：高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) Unit4 Global warming學(xué)案 選修6

Unit 4 Global warming 核心單詞

1.subscribe vi.同意；捐贈；訂閱 vt.（簽署）文件；捐助 常用結(jié)構(gòu)：

subscribe to...同意，贊許；（在文件等下面）簽名，署名 subscribe sth.to...捐助

subscribe to/for...訂閱；訂購(書籍等)He did not subscribe to my proposal.他不贊同我的建議。

He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund.他向救濟基金捐贈巨資。

He subscribed his name to a petition.他在請愿書上簽名。

高手過招 翻譯句子

①只有瘋子才會同意這樣的觀點。②我訂了一份《婦女周刊》。

答案：①No one but mad people would subscribe to such views.②I subscribed to a Weekly Women’s magazine.2.tend vt.& vi.（常與to連用）有某種傾向；有??的趨勢；走向；趨向；朝向；照管，照料；看護

People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.處于壓力下的人容易發(fā)揮自己全部的潛力。He tends to pitch the ball too high.他往往把球擲得過高。

Prices are tending upward.物價在上漲。

The woman stayed at home to tend her child.那個婦女呆在家里照料她的孩子。高手過招 單項填空

I never forget the days when I was by the villagers when I was wounded.Tended B.observed C.monitored D.Cared 解析：選A。tend 用作及物動詞，意為 “照顧；照料”;observe觀察；注意；monitor 監(jiān)視；監(jiān)控； care為不及物動詞，care for 才有 “照顧；照料”的意思。3.oppose vt.反對； 反抗；對抗；（與to連用）使反對，使相對

Many members of the council opposed the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city.許多議會議員反對在市中心建造豪華型住宅。

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專心 My mother is opposed to the new plan.我媽媽是反對這個新計劃的。

Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway.許多居民反對修建那條高速公路的計劃。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：

as opposed to（表示對比）而，相對于 易混辨析

oppose/object/resist oppose 為常用詞，指“對某人、某事采取積極行動來反對”，強調(diào)動作,尤指“反對一種觀念、思想、計劃等”。

object 常指“用言論或論據(jù)等表示反對”, 強調(diào)“個人嫌厭”和“由于與個人有關(guān)，因此提出反對意見”。

resist指“積極地反抗、對抗”；“用武力阻止??的前進”。高手過招 單項填空

The professor, out the project, made a comment on the report.A.was opposed to carry B.opposed to carry C.opposed to carrying D.opposed carrying 解析：選C。短語be opposed to sth./doing sth.意為“反對/某事/做某事”，其中to是介詞。此處用過去分詞作后置定語，相當于定語從句 who was opposed to carrying。4.consequence n.［C］結(jié)果；后果；影響

I’m quite willing to accept the consequences.我完全愿意承擔后果。

You should know the consequence of not studying hard.你應(yīng)該知道不用功學(xué)習(xí)的后果。

This had the unexpected consequence that he got fired.這件事有了意外的后果，那就是他被革職了。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：

as a consequence(of...)=in consequence(of...)=as a result(of...)結(jié)果;因此；由于??的原因 聯(lián)想拓展

consequent adj.（+on/upon）因??而起的；隨之發(fā)生的

consequently adv.結(jié)果；因此；必然地 高手過招 翻譯句子

①降雨量很大，結(jié)果田地被淹了。②他努力學(xué)習(xí)，因此通過了考試。

答案：①The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.②He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam.5.average adj.平均的；普通的

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專心 n.平均;平均數(shù)

The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.這個班男生的平均年齡為十五歲。

It was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的作品。The average man is not interested in this subject.普通人一般對這個題目不感興趣。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：

on average平均地；通常 above/below average 高于/低于平均數(shù)/水平an average of...??的平均數(shù) up to average 達到平均數(shù) The average of 4 and 8 is 6.4和8的平均數(shù)為6。Two students are absent each day on average.平均每天有兩個學(xué)生缺席。高手過招

選詞填空(ordinary/average/normal/common）①Though she is CEO of a big company, she is a(n)woman in the eyes of her families.②Relations between the two countries have been restored to.③It’s a bag, and you can find it in every store.④Letterboxes are much more in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.答案： ①average ②normal ③common ④ordinary

6.blame v.埋怨,責備 常用結(jié)構(gòu)：

be to blame 應(yīng)受譴責,應(yīng)負責任 blame something on sb.把??歸咎于

blame sb.for sth./doing sth.因??而責備某人

City residents also blame migrant workers for the sharp rise in the urban crime rate.城市居民還責怪民工造成了城市犯罪率的大幅度上升。

They blamed the failure on George.他們把失敗歸咎于喬治。Blame me if I don’t.我要是不這樣做,隨你怎么辦好了。聯(lián)想拓展

blameful adj.該受責備的，有過錯的 blameless adj.無可責難的,無過錯的 blameworthy adj.該受責備的 高手過招 單項填空

He deserved to his carelessness.A.blamed for B.be blamed for C.blame for D.be blame for

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專心 解析：選C。be to blame應(yīng)受譴責,應(yīng)負責任，不能用于被動語態(tài)。重點短語

7.come about 發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生

How did this dangerous state of affairs come about? 這種危險的事態(tài)是怎么發(fā)生的? 聯(lián)想拓展

關(guān)于come的其他短語: come across 偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；被理解；提供 come into being 發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生；出現(xiàn)；形成 come into power 開始執(zhí)政；當權(quán)；當選 come into effect/force 開始生效；開始實行 come into existence 形成；產(chǎn)生；開始存在 come into fashion 開始流行

come off（頭發(fā)、牙齒、紐扣）脫落；離開 come on 上場；開始；趕快；加油

come out 出來，發(fā)芽；出版；說出；洗掉 come to know/realize/understand 開始了解到/意識到/明白 come up with 找到（答案）；拿出（一筆錢等）高手過招 單項填空

—How did it that you made such a silly mistake? —I myself haven’t figured it out yet.A.bring about B.come about C.come across D.come on 解析：選B。句意為：——怎么會發(fā)生這么愚蠢的錯誤？——我自己也搞不明白。come about 發(fā)生，指事情發(fā)生的原因，常與how連用。其他選項無此用法。8.quantities of 意思是“大量的”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Quantities of apples were on the table.桌子上有很多蘋果。

Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year.去年大量的石油被海運到日本。聯(lián)想拓展

in quantity/in large quantities 大量的

in small quantities 少量的 易混辨析

a quantity of/quantities of a quantity of 與quantities of，都可譯為“大量的”，都既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，但用法有區(qū)別。

a quantity of的謂語動詞根據(jù)其后的名詞而定，跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，跟不可數(shù)名詞時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。而quantities of 后無論跟可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞一律用復(fù)數(shù)。

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專心 A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since the summer came.入夏以來，已有大量的空調(diào)售出。高手過招 單項填空

information stored in this computer.A.Large quantities of;have been B.A great many;has been C.A large quantity of;were D.Quite a lot;is 解析：選A。information為不可數(shù)名詞，C項的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，故只有A項正確。9.result in 導(dǎo)致;結(jié)果是（相當于lead to）

Their dispute resulted in war.他們的爭端導(dǎo)致了戰(zhàn)爭。The accident results in the death of two passengers.事故導(dǎo)致兩名乘客死亡。

His carelessness resulted in the accident.他的粗心導(dǎo)致事故的發(fā)生。聯(lián)想拓展

result from 起因于；由??造成 as a result 結(jié)果；因此

as a result of 作為??的結(jié)果；因為?? 高手過招

用result in/result from的適當形式填空

①The traffic accident a lot of death and the destruction of several vehicles.②The illness exhaustion possibly.③The injure a fall kept him in bed for months.答案： ①resulted in ②resulted from ③resulting from 10.put up with 忍受；容忍

I don’t know how his parents put up with his antics.我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的怪異行為的。

She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.她再也不能忍受那家伙了。聯(lián)想拓展

put away 放好；收好；儲存 put aside 忽視；不理睬 put across 交流，溝通

put down 記下；放下；鎮(zhèn)壓；平定 put forward 提出；建議；將??提前 put in 駛進

put out 熄滅；撲滅；出版；公布；生產(chǎn) put off 推遲；延期

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專心 put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加（體重）

put up 提出；舉起；升起；提（價）；投宿；建造 高手過招 單項填空

—What do you think of Andrew? —There are some things that are not easy to , and his coldness is one.A.put aside B.put up with C.think of D.get along with 解析：選B。答句句意為:他有很多方面難以讓人忍受，冷酷就是其中的一個。put aside 儲存；保留；put up with 容忍；忍受；think of想起；get along with 與??相處。由句意可知,選B項。重點句型

11.Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.這個升溫過程的一些副產(chǎn)品就叫做“溫室”氣體，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。定語從句中的介詞或介詞短語可以提到引導(dǎo)詞which, whom的前面。The old man has three daughters, two of whom are teachers.這位老人有三個女兒，其中的兩個是老師。

Soon they arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.不久他們來到了一所農(nóng)舍，農(nóng)舍前坐著一個小男孩。高手過招 單項填空

I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction she had come.A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which 解析：選D。介詞的選擇要依據(jù)搭配和句子意義。come from表示“來自??”;of與in不與come搭配;come by意為“從旁邊經(jīng)過”。

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專心 6

第二篇：高考英語從句總復(fù)習(xí)

從句

一． 定義

1.句子分為簡單句和復(fù)合句。簡單句是只有一個主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。復(fù)合句是由兩個或兩個以上的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成的句子。

2.復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。主句是全句的主體，從句是主句的一個成分，它不能單獨做句子，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的從句，如作主語的就叫主語從句，作賓語的就叫賓語從句，作表語的就叫表語從句，作定語的叫定語從句，作狀語的就叫狀語從句。3.復(fù)合句主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語從句,包括時間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點、方式等）。

二． 名詞性從句

（一）主語從句

1.主語從句是指從句充當主語的句子。2.引導(dǎo)詞;關(guān)系代詞：（1)從句成分什么都不缺：thatwhetherif(whether一般跟or not 搭配使用，if不能)That the earth is round is true Whether she comes or not makes no difference(2)從句成分缺人：whowhomwhosewhoeverwhomever(3)從句成分缺物：whatwhatererwhichwhichever Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whose watch was lost is unknown.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right.關(guān)系副詞：where:（什么地方），從句中缺地點狀語 when:(什么時候)，從句中缺時間狀語 why:(什么原因)，從句中缺原因狀語 how:(如何，怎樣)，從句中缺方式狀語

Where he is from is the question nobody can answer She don’t know how she can get to the hospital Why he is late is he was ill yesterday 3.主語從句的特殊形式:it做形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)(1)It is ＋名詞＋從句

It is a fact an honor that（2)it is ＋形容詞＋從句

It is natural obviouspossible that…(3)it is ＋不及物動詞＋從句

It seems happened that…(4)it ＋過去分詞＋從句

It is reported that… 據(jù)報道… It is said that…據(jù)說…

It has been proved that… 已證實…

4.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況

(1)if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。

(2)It is said ,(reported)…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)(3)It happens…, It occurs… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)

(5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)5.注意：

（1）主語從句的時態(tài)：不受主句的時態(tài)影響和限制。

Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（2）主語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞放在句首不能省略

（二）．賓語從句

1.從句在主句中充當賓語的句子是賓語從句 2.引導(dǎo)詞

3.賓語從句的幾種形式（1）做及物動詞的賓語 I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me that she would accept my invitation.(2)作介詞的賓語

Our success depends upon how hard we work(3).作形容詞的賓語

I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.I am glad that you have made such progress(4)動詞+it+that結(jié)構(gòu)

It做形式賓語，代替that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

He has made it clear that he won’t give up the opportunity We consider it necessary that we should open out(5)賓語從句否定的轉(zhuǎn)移

若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.4.注意：（1）賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序

（2）如果主句謂語是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，賓語從句的謂語時態(tài)不受限制，如果主句時態(tài)是過去時，賓語從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時（即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等）。He thought he was working for the people．

I heard she had been to the Great W all．

John hoped that he would find a job soon．

但賓語從句如果表示定理法則、永恒真理等，則不變化：

The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun

（三）表語從句

從句在主句中充當表語成分的句子是表語從句。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句” The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.This is why we can’t get the support of the people

But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.（四）同位語從句

1.同位語從句是修飾前面名詞的從句。

The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general 2.同位語在句子中的位置

同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。

(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如：

The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）

The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）

三．形容性從句（定語從句）

（一）含義：從句充當定語成分的句子叫做定語從句。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

（二）限制性定語從句

1.限制性定語是指定語從句緊跟它所修飾的中心名詞或代詞之后，沒有逗號分開。2.引導(dǎo)詞：分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。（1）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：

that:指代人、事物，作主語、賓語，做賓語時可以省略 who:指代人，做主語

whom:指代人，做賓語，可以省略。它在口語和非正式用語中常用who代替，可以省略 The man whowhom you met just now is my brother.which:指代事物，做主語、賓語。做賓語可以省略 whose:指代人、物，做定語，其后直接加名詞 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.指物時常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.——The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired（2）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：

where：指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語 Shai hai is the city where I was born

The house where I live ten years ago has been pulled down when: 指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語

I still remember the day when I first came to the school why: 指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 注意: 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句都可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來代替 Shai hai is the city wherein which I was born I still remember the day whenon which I first came to the school Please tell me the reason why for which you missed the plane 練習(xí)：

A letter------is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語)Do you know the gentleman-----spoke just now? You can take anything----you like.（賓語）What is the question-----they are talking about? Here is the man-----you want to see.3.注意

(1)限制性定語從句中只能用that的幾種情況：

A 當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時，要用that Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said? There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.B 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾,如：firstlastnext等

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.C 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時

This is the best film that I have seen.D 當形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy，After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ E 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時

Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? F 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? G 如有兩個從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個關(guān)系代詞宜用that。He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.（2）限制性定語從句中只能用who的情況：

A 當定語從句對指人的先行詞進行隔位修飾時，只能用who(whom)。如：

Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你認識黑板前面正在給學(xué)生們講話的那位女孩子嗎？

B 當先行詞為people和those時，只能用who(whom)。如：

Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。

C 當先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)時，只能用who(whom)。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人。D 在there be句型中名詞的定語從句多用who(whom)。如：

There are students in our class who / whom you have met.我們班有些學(xué)生你見過。

E 當句子中有兩個指人的現(xiàn)行詞分別帶有兩個定語從句時，若一個定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞為that, 那么，另一個定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞必定為who。如：

The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.剛才你會到的那個男孩是李明的剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的弟弟。

(3)以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。

The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising

（三）．非限制性定語從句

1.含義：先行詞和從句用逗號隔開，對所修飾你名詞或代詞等起補充說明的作用。如果去掉從句，并不影響它所修飾的先行詞的意義。

2.引導(dǎo)詞（1）關(guān)系代詞：

指人：who :做主語，不可省略 ；whom:做賓語，不可省略 指物：which:做主語或賓語，不可省略（2）關(guān)系副詞：

when where why as等

Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he 答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3.as和which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句

（1）as和which都可在句子中做主語或賓語，它們指代的是整個句子 He married her,aswhich is natural He is honest,aswhich we can see(2)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之尾，還可分割整個主句，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句之后;as有“正如，正想”之意 As is known to us，china is a developing country He is from south,which we can see from his accent

John ,as you know,is famous writer(3)作主語時，which既可以作系動詞be的主語，也可以作實義動詞的主語；而這時as 只可以做系動詞be的主語。例如：

A)He married her, which was natural.（可用as代替which）他和她結(jié)婚，這是很自然的事。

B)He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which made him illustrious.(不可用as 代替which)他獲得了諾貝爾化學(xué)獎，這使他名揚天下。

It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it(4).在which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，謂語動詞若是am, is, are則這些系動詞不能省略；而as后面若是這種情況，則可以省略。例如：

A)He is a teacher, as(is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)B)He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was不可省略)(5)當先行詞有such,the same修飾時，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells This is the same book as I lost last week 注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。

She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。

（四）引導(dǎo)詞+介詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞在從句中做介詞的賓語時，從句常用介詞+關(guān)系代詞引: The school whichthat he once studied is vert famous ——the school in which he once studied is very famous Tomorrow I will bring a book whichthat you ask for Tomorrow I will bring a book for which you ask 注意：

A:含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用。如：look at, look for, look after, take care of等 This is watch whichthat I looking for B:當介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時，關(guān)系代詞指人是只能用whom,，關(guān)系代詞指代物時，只能用which，關(guān)系代詞是所有格時，用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend C:介詞+定語從句，前面可有some any both each none neither 等代詞或數(shù)詞修飾 He love his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him There are forty students in our class,，most of whom are from cities 四．狀語從句

一：時間狀語從句

（一）when, while和as。

1.when引導(dǎo)從句的動作可以與主句的動作同時發(fā)生，也可以先于主句的動作。引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞（一段時間），又可以是瞬時動詞（一點時間）。when還含有“at that moment”的意思，引起的句子不能放在句首

When he heard the news，they were much surprised(從句的動作先于主句的動作)When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時，我在吃飯。(瞬時動詞)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當?shù)淖≡谵r(nóng)村時，我常常為他擔水。（延續(xù)性的動詞）

We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我們正在看電視，這時燈突然滅了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他們剛到家，這時天就開始下雨了。

2.while 從句的動作和主句同時發(fā)生，從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的。并且while有時還可以表示對比 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV I like playing football while you like playing basketball 3.as 從句的動作和主句同時發(fā)生。從句的謂語動詞可是瞬時性的，也可是延續(xù)性的。從句和主句要表示一個人的兩個動作交替進行或同時完成時，則多用as，可譯為“一邊......，一邊......” She came up as I was cooking.(延續(xù)性)The runners started as the gun went off.(瞬時性)He looked behind from to time as he went.他一邊走，一邊不時地往后看。

As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer..隨著時間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖了。練習(xí)：

1.He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.(2006遼寧)

A.why B.where C.when D.while 2.— I’m going to the post office.— ____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?(1999)

A.As B.While C.Because D.If 3.____ the days went on, the weather got worse.(1990)

A.With B.Since C.While D.As 4.Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.(1992)

A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked

C.slipped;had looked D.was slipping;looked 如果主句的動作發(fā)生于表示“當……時”的時間狀語從句中的動作的進行過程中，從句常用進行時。如： The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show.女房東懷疑在她看電視時曾有人闖入屋

5.I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.(2006安徽)

A.went;was occurring B.went;occurred C.was going;occurred D.was going;had occurred 6.It was some time ____ we realized the truth.(2005山東)

A.when B.until C.since D.before 7.— Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?

— He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word.(2006四川)

A.before B.until C.when D.after

（二）before 和after

before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時表示從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后，如主句是將來時，從句中現(xiàn)在時,從句是過去時,主句用過去完成時。after引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時表示從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。

It will be some time before we know the results After we had finished dinner,we went home.重點：before 的用法

1.用于It + be + 時間段 + before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”，如果主句中用否定式，則表示“不多久……就”。

It will be five years before I come back.我五年后才能回來。

It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.不久之后，敵人就被趕走了。

It won’t be long before they understand each other.他們不久就會互相了解的。

2.還有“趁……（還沒有）”之意。例如：

They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他們正在考慮趁房價未漲時把房子買下來。

Do it before you forget it.趁早動手，以免忘了 3.短語before long與long before的區(qū)別

before long是“很快，不久”的意思, 可以用于各種時態(tài)。如：

Before long, he went to America.不久，他就去了美國。

I hope to see you before long.我希望不久后再見到你。

而 long before是“很久以前”的意思，一般用在過去時或過去完成時的句子里。如： She said she had read the novel long before.她說她很久以前就讀過這部小說。

（三）till和until

①until和till都可表示“直到．．．為止”，與主句中持續(xù)性動詞的肯定式連用。He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我們吃完飯。

②當until和till表示“直到．．．才．．．．”時，通常與主句中短暫動詞的否定式連用，這時，until和till也可用before代替。

I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回來，我才離開的。③be動詞的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till連用。

④until引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till從句一般不放在句首。Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告訴我了我才知道。當not until位于句首時，主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒裝語序： Not until she came back did I leave.= I didn’t leave until she came back.在強調(diào)句型中一般用until，不用till。如：

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a

1.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson.(2007天津)A.until B.after C.since D.when 2.They ____ the train until it disappeared in the distance.(1998)A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed 題干中的主句為肯定句，until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延續(xù)性動作的謂語動詞連用，因此本題應(yīng)選表示延續(xù)性動作的watched(其他選項中的saw，noticed，observed所表示的動作都不能延續(xù)，意味著結(jié)果)。3.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.(2006 A because B.since C.when D.until

（四）since的用法 1.連詞

（1）表示“自從……以來”：

A:主句+since+非延續(xù)性動詞

一般主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用過去時,翻譯：“某某自從…以來已經(jīng)…了 He has studied very hard since he came to our school Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city B:主句+since+延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的動詞

主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用過去時，翻譯：“某某自從沒有…以來已經(jīng)…了”

He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale.他自從從耶魯大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來已經(jīng)做了好幾份工作。We all have been missing her since she lived here 自從她從這里搬走，我們就再也沒見過她 He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來，他屢次給我寫信。He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來，他就屢次給我寫信。C:主句+since +延續(xù)性動詞

主句是現(xiàn)在完成時，從句是現(xiàn)在完成時，翻譯：“某某自從…以來…了’

Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車，我們每年都去野營。

He has never been to see me since I have been ill.自從我生病以來，他從未來看過我。

He has never been to see me since I was ill.自從我病愈以來，他從未來看過我。

D：It be(一般式或完成式)＋表示一段時間的詞匯＋since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成為研究生已經(jīng)有2年了。It was three years since we had been there.我們在那兒已呆了三年。

應(yīng)注意的是，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，since引導(dǎo)的從句絕對不能用否定式的謂語動詞來表示否定意義，下面兩句都錯了：

It is a long time since he didn’t study English.It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.正確的說法為：

It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學(xué)英語了。

You haven’t come to see me for two months.你有兩個月沒來看我了。（2）既然；因為

He must have taken the book since it isn't here.他一定是把書拿走了,因為書已不在這里了。

Since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天氣這么熱,我們?nèi)ビ斡景伞?/p>

2.介詞：表示“自從……以來”，其具體用法有兩種情況：

(1)since＋表示過去某個時間點的詞匯(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點)。

They have been friends since childhood.他們從幼時起一直是好朋友。I have been there many times since the war.自那次戰(zhàn)爭以來，我曾去該地多次。(2)since＋表示一段時間的詞匯＋ago。

I have been here since five months ago.五個月以來我一直在這里。

They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.(1989)A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned

（五）表示“一…就…”：as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…；表示“當…時候”： the time, the moment；by the time（到…時候為止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次…的時候), the last time(上次…的時候)，once（一旦…）

She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一聽到聲音就沖進房間 He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達那里就生起病來。

He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他還沒說完就有人起來反駁他的論點 He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次見他時，他給我留下了好印象。注意：hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…

前面常用過去完成時，后面用一般過去時。同時它們還可以倒裝: No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達那里就生起病來。Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.（六）表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性：every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每當）等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每當我們遇上困難的時候他們就來幫我們 Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次進城，總要來看看我們的學(xué)校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。

二．地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句一般由由where（在……的地方）, wherever（無論哪里），everywhere（每一個地方）引導(dǎo)的 He is ready to help wherever he is Put you son where you can see him Everywhere they want, they were warmly received 三．原因狀語從句

（一）because since as for 1.because 表示的原因語氣最強；通常放在主句之后，有時也放在主句之前；直接回答why 提出的問題；在強調(diào)句中只能用because；被not所否定時只能用because It because he was too careless that he failed 2.since和as表示的原因是人們事先已經(jīng)知道的，是對已知事實提供理由，而不表示直接原因；since比as語氣稍強，且比as略為正式，兩者通常都放在主句之前 3.for是并列連詞(其作三者為從屬連詞)，它有時可表示因果關(guān)系(只能放在主句之后，且可與because換用)，有時不表示因果關(guān)系，而是對前面分句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷(也只能放在主句之后，但不能與because換用)。

The ground is wet, for(或because)it rained last night.地面是濕的，因為昨晚下過雨。

It rained last night, for(不能用because)the ground is wet this morning.昨晚下過雨，今天早上地面都是濕的(二)由now that，seeing that，considering that（由于…，既然…）

Seeing that it’s raining，we’d better stay indoors.既然外邊在下雨，我們最好待在室內(nèi)。Now that you are here, you’d better stay.你既然來了，最好還是留下吧

Considering that she has no experience, she has done well enough.考慮到她沒有經(jīng)驗，她已經(jīng)做得不錯了

四．條件狀語從句

（一）if，unless

1.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句時，主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時；if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的虛擬；if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的省略

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.2.unless = if……not

You will never make rapid progress if you don’t work hard

You will never make rapid progress unless you work hard

（二）1.as（so）long as “只要……”As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay 只要你需要我，我就留下。as（so）long as 還可表示一段時間

Stay as long as you like。你愿留多久都可以。

So long as he lived, I didn’t feel that I have the right to see you between you.在他死之前，我覺得我沒有權(quán)利介入你們之間

2.only if 與 if only。only if 意為“只要”，只用于真實條件句中，是if 的強調(diào)式；if only 有兩個意思，一是表示“只要”，此時通常與陳述語氣連用，與 only if 用法相似；二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”，此時多用于虛擬語氣和感嘆句中。

I will come only if you don’t promise to invite Mary.只要你答應(yīng)不請瑪麗，我就來。

If only it clears up, we’ll go.只要天晴，我們就去。

If only I hadn’t told him about it.要是我沒有告訴他這事就好了 If only he will listen to you！他要是聽你的話多好！3.as long as 與 only if 的區(qū)別

（1）從語氣上看，only if 的語氣要比as long as 強

（2）當主句和從句的謂語動詞均為短暫性動詞時，通常只用 only if，而不用 as long as。如：He will come only if you ask him.（3）兩者均可引導(dǎo)從句置于主句之后，也可置于主句之前。但是，當only if 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句置于主句之前時，其后的主句要用倒裝語序，而且 as long as 引導(dǎo)的從句置于主句之前不用倒裝。如：

As long as it doesn’t rain we can play.只要不下雨，我們就能玩。

Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到教師的允許，學(xué)生才可以進這間屋。

（三）provided（providing）(that)，on condition that，given that，in case，suppose(supposing)等都有“如果”“假如”之意。

He will do the work providing you pay him 如果你給他錢，他就干活

I send you this book on condition that you pay in cash 假如你付現(xiàn)金，這架相機就賣給你

Given that he wins the support of the people, he will win the election.如果贏得人民的支持，他將取得競選的勝利

Suppose you fail a second time, do not get disappointed, but try again 假如第二次失敗，別灰心，再試試。

五． 讓步狀語從句

（一）although, though“雖然，盡管” 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，句中不能用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，但可跟yet，still表示轉(zhuǎn)折

Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>

（二）ever if, even though.“雖然，盡管，即使”We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.（三）“no matter +疑問詞” 或“疑問詞+后綴ever” ：意為“無論…”。No matter what happened, he would not mind.（1）“no matter +疑問詞”不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 Whatever you say is of no use now.Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么（2）注意however以下兩類句型結(jié)構(gòu) ① however+主語+謂語：

However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days.不管你怎么走，至少要三天。② however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語：

However much he eats, he never gets fat.無論他吃多少, 他都不發(fā)胖。③ 有時該結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語和謂語可以有所省略：

He was of some help, however small.他總能幫些忙，不管多小的忙。I refuse, however favorable the condition.不管條件多好，我都不接受。

（四）讓步狀語從句與倒裝

引導(dǎo)倒裝的讓步狀語從句通常用as和though，但不是能用although；as 可以在以上這樣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中引出讓步狀語，但若不倒裝，則不能用as，而與之相反，although在不倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)中可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語，但在倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)中卻不可以用。

（五）讓步狀語從句的虛擬語氣

六．目的狀語從句

（一）so that，in order that, so, that表示“以便；為了”，so that：如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句常與may，can，will連用；如果主句是一般過去時，從句常與could，should，would，might連用。

We learn English so that we can read English newspapers She came in quietly in order that she couldn’t wake up the baby

（二）least，in case，for fear that 表示“以防，以免”，從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣

七．結(jié)果狀語從句

（一）so that，so...that，such...that 1.so…that與such…that的區(qū)別在于：

（1）A such＋a(an)＋adj.＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that…

He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他非常聰明，大家都非常喜歡他。

B such＋adj.＋復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that…

They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.這些小說非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。

C such＋adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that…

He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.注意：如果such后邊的名詞前由many、much、few、little等詞所修飾的話，則不用such而用so。如：

He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少，不適合做這個工作。（2）so…that也作“如此…以致”

so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容詞或副詞）

He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非?？?，沒人能追上他。

2.so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時，意思是“因此;所以”；在從句前常有逗號與主句分開；結(jié)果狀語從句中沒有情態(tài)動詞；目的狀語從句可移到句首，而結(jié)果狀語從句不能。

Iohn went early, so that he got a good seat.約翰去的很早，得到了一個好位置。

Iohn went early so that he could get a good seat.約翰去的很早，為的是得到一個好位置。

The little boy saved every coin_________ __________he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day 八．方式狀語從句

方式狀態(tài)語從句常由as, as if/as though等。例如：

She acted as if/though nothing had happened.It looks as if it'll rain.as if/as though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句要用虛擬語氣

第三篇：高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)測試題-18

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高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)測試題-18 選擇填空

1.China is a country __________ the third world.a.belonged to b.which belongs to c.which is belonged to d.which is belonging to

2.Yesterday Retty didn‘t come here because of _____.And now she is _________ to play basketball.a.ill ,enough good b.illness, good enough c.sick, enough well d.illness, well enough

3.What do you think ________ in the pan over the fire? a.is there b.has there c.there is d.there has

4.It’s nice ________ her to help me _______ my physics.a.of, with b.for, study c.from, to study d.with ,studying

5.He was bron in the year ______ the Anti-Japaese War ________.a.which, broke out b.when ,broke out C.in which, was broken out d.on which ,was broken out

6.Doctors ______ him again and again to give up ___________.a.suggested/drink b.advised/drinking c.talked/to drink d.discussed/drinking

7.---Why are you late?---I ________ the meeting_________ at 10:00 ,so I caught the 9:00 train.a.think,would start b.thought,will start c.thought would start

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億庫教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn d.thought,had started

8.By the age of 26,he________ to speak 7 languages and write 4 of them.a.was learning b.has learned c.learned d.had learned

9.Tom talked to his classmates_____________.a.in a friendly way b.friendly c.like friend d.as friend

10.Have you considered ________ Betty a chance to go to college? a.giving b.to give c.give d.to have given

11.Did slave owners grow very rich ___________ the work of slavers? a.in b.by c.on d.with

12.Peope used _________ that China was poor_______ oil,while in fact,she is rich _______ oil.a.to think ,in ,in b.thinking,at ,at c.for thinking, in ,in d.to think, of ,of

13.Do you consider he __________ your best friend? a.as b.to be c.is d.being

14.I‘ll do __________ help you out of the trouble.Which of the following is wrong? a.what I can to b.that I can to c.my best to d.all I can to

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15.Many students have come into tne classroom.Look!___________ students are coming here.a.more two b.other two c.another two d.two ather

16.He can drink ________ eight bottles of beer each time.But I think he had better not drink_______ beer.a.as much as,as many b.as many as ,so much c.so,much as ,as many d.so many as ,as much

17.Next summer holidays,I will spend the ______________ days at my___________.a.first few,uncle’s b.first a few ,uncle‘s c.first a few,uncle’s d.first few,uncle

18.---Welcome to my house.Would you like a glass of milk and some hamburger?---Yes,________________.a.very well ,thanks b.that would be nice c.you are wonderful d.it certainly is

19.---Why not play football this afternoon?---____________.Who shall we ask? a.Good idea b.That‘s right c.We’d better not d.That‘s all right

20.---Oh,it’s six o‘clock already.I must be off now.---Can ’t you stay a little longer?---____________________.a.I hope not b.Thank you ever so much c.I‘m afraid not d.No,that ’s all

答案

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億庫教育網(wǎng)

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億庫教育網(wǎng)http://004km.cn 1--10:b d c a b b c d a a 11-20:c a c b c b a b a c

第四篇：高考總復(fù)習(xí)：古詩詞鑒賞專題學(xué)案邊塞征戰(zhàn)

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古詩詞鑒賞專題（4）——邊塞詩

一、知識儲備

（一）概念簡析

邊塞詩派指唐朝開元、天寶年間形成的一個以反映唐朝邊界戰(zhàn)爭生活為主要內(nèi)容的詩歌流派。邊塞詩是唐代詩歌的主要題材，是唐詩當中思想性最深刻，想象力最豐富，藝術(shù)性最強的一部分。其代表作家有高適、岑參等詩人。在創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格上多以雄渾豪放、奔騰俊偉見長。盛唐邊塞詩派的出現(xiàn)，開拓了我國古代詩歌題材的一個廣闊的領(lǐng)域，表現(xiàn)了盛唐時期激昂壯闊的時代風(fēng)貌。

（二）邊塞詩的類型簡析

根據(jù)邊塞詩選材的角度和表達的情感內(nèi)容上的不同，邊塞詩主要有以下幾種類型：

1．從戍邊戰(zhàn)士的角度，或?qū)憫?zhàn)爭的慘烈，或?qū)憟髧暮狼?。以王昌齡的《從軍行》為例：

青海長云暗雪山，孤城遙望玉門關(guān)。黃沙百戰(zhàn)穿金甲，不破樓蘭終不還。

這首詩以戍邊戰(zhàn)士的視角，既讓我們想見戰(zhàn)爭的殘酷激烈、戰(zhàn)事的頻繁不斷，又讓我們看到了戰(zhàn)士誓死報國的豪情壯志，以及最后必勝的堅定信念。

2．從閨中主婦的角度，批判戰(zhàn)爭破壞了人民和平安寧的生活。從思婦的角度寫戰(zhàn)爭給人民帶來的苦難，形成獨特的邊塞閨怨詩。以金昌緒的《春怨》為例：

打起黃鶯兒，莫教枝上啼。啼時驚妾夢，不得到遼西。

長年戍邊的親人還健康地活著嗎？每天吃得飽嗎？身上的棉衣能否御寒？這一切，都讓思婦擔心、牽掛，而這些擔心、牽掛無法得到排解，思念之極就不自覺地出現(xiàn)在白日夢中了。在夢中與思念的人兒相會，也是一種苦澀的幸福啊，難怪女主人要趕走可愛的黃鶯鳥。這種無理而有情的動作正揭示了戰(zhàn)爭破壞了人民安寧的生活，看起來它是一首抒寫兒女之情的小詩，實則有深刻的時代內(nèi)容，反映了當時兵役制下廣大人民所承受的痛苦。

3．從旁觀者的角度，控訴戰(zhàn)爭的罪惡。杜甫在《兵車行》中沉痛地寫到：“信知生男惡，反是生女好”“君不見青海頭，古來白骨無人收。新鬼煩怨舊鬼哭，天陰雨濕聲啾啾。”戰(zhàn)爭使得無數(shù)的家庭背井離鄉(xiāng)、使得無數(shù)的戰(zhàn)士變成累累白骨！

高適在《燕歌行》里用對比的手法展示了這樣一幅畫面：“戰(zhàn)士軍前半死生，美人帳下猶歌舞?！币环矫媸乔熬€的戰(zhàn)士浴血奮戰(zhàn)，隨時都有戰(zhàn)死的可能；一方面卻是將領(lǐng)們縱情聲色、歌舞升平。

4．從將士的角度，寫因長期戍邊而產(chǎn)生的精神上的痛苦。王昌齡的《從軍行》較為典型：

琵琶起舞換新聲，總只關(guān)山舊別情。撩亂邊愁聽不盡，高高秋月照長城。

這里的“邊愁”有對于現(xiàn)實的憂愁、建功立業(yè)的渴盼，更有離鄉(xiāng)背井拋婦別雛的痛楚、無限的鄉(xiāng)愁。

宋人范仲淹的《漁家傲》和《蘇幕遮》也表達了因長期戍邊又毫無結(jié)果而產(chǎn)生的思鄉(xiāng)之情。“黯鄉(xiāng)魂，追旅思，夜夜除非，好夢留人睡。”“酒如愁腸，化作相思淚?！薄皾峋埔槐胰f里，燕然未勒歸無計。”“人不寐，將軍白發(fā)征夫淚。”這些都是表達思鄉(xiāng)之情的典型詩句。

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二、經(jīng)典邊塞詩歌賞析

《白雪歌送武判官歸京》 【唐】岑參

北風(fēng)卷地白草折，胡天八月即飛雪。忽如一夜春風(fēng)來，千樹萬樹梨花開。散入珠簾濕羅幕，狐裘不暖錦衾薄。將軍角弓不得控，都護鐵衣冷猶著。瀚海闌干百丈冰，愁云慘淡萬里凝。中軍置酒飲歸客，胡琴琵琶與羌笛。紛紛暮雪下轅門，風(fēng)掣紅旗凍不翻。輪臺東門送君去，去時雪滿天山路。山回路轉(zhuǎn)不見君，雪上空留馬行處。

【簡析】岑參在這首詩中，以詩人的敏銳觀察力和浪漫奔放的筆調(diào)，描繪了祖國西北邊塞的壯麗景色，以及邊塞軍營送別歸京使臣的熱烈場面，表現(xiàn)了詩人和邊防將士的愛國熱情，以及他們對戰(zhàn)友的真摯感情。全詩以一天雪景的變化為線索，記敘送別歸京使臣的過程，文思開闊，結(jié)構(gòu)縝密。共分三個部分。前八句為第一部分，描寫早晨起來看到的奇麗雪景和感受到的突如其來的奇寒。中間四句為第二部分，描繪白天雪景的雄偉壯闊和餞別宴會的盛況。最后六句為第三部分，寫傍晚送別友人踏上歸途。全文三個部分構(gòu)成一個有機整體，就象一首邊塞壯歌，時促時緩，抑揚頓挫，剛?cè)嵯酀鞘⑻茣r代精神的反映。

《逢入京使》 【唐】岑參

故園東望路漫漫，雙袖龍鐘淚不干。馬上相逢無紙筆，憑君傳語報平安。

【簡析】《逢入京使》是唐代著名邊塞詩人岑參創(chuàng)作的一首七言絕句。全詩描寫了詩人遠涉邊塞，逢入回京使者，托帶平安口信，以慰懸望的家人的典型場面，表達了思鄉(xiāng)之情，詩文語言樸實，卻包含著兩大情懷，思鄉(xiāng)之情于渴望功名之情，一親情一豪情，交織相深，感人至深。

《涼州詞》 【唐】王翰

葡萄美酒夜光杯，欲飲琵琶馬上催。醉臥沙場君莫笑，古來征戰(zhàn)幾人回。

【簡析】邊地荒寒艱苦的環(huán)境，緊張動蕩的征戍生活，使得邊塞將士很難得到一次歡聚的酒宴。有幸遇到那么一次，那激昂興奮的情緒，那開懷痛飲、一醉方休的場面，是不難想象的。這首詩正是這種生活和感情的寫照。這是一個歡樂的盛宴，那場面和意境決不是一兩個人在那兒淺斟低酌，借酒澆愁。它那明快的語言、跳動跌宕的節(jié)奏所反映出來的情緒是奔放的，狂熱的；它給人的是一種激動和向往的藝術(shù)魅力，這正是盛唐邊塞詩的特色。

《出塞》 【唐】王昌齡

秦時明月漢時關(guān)，萬里長征人未還。但使龍城飛將在，不教胡馬度陰山。

【簡析】這是一首慨嘆邊戰(zhàn)不斷，國無良將的邊塞詩。詩的首句最耐人尋味。說的是此地漢關(guān)，明月秦時，大有歷史變換，征戰(zhàn)未斷的感嘆。二句寫征人未還，多少兒男戰(zhàn)死沙場，留下多少悲劇。

三、四句寫出千百年來人民的共同意愿，冀望有“龍城飛將”出現(xiàn)，平息胡亂，安定邊防。全詩以平凡的語言，唱出雄渾豁達的主旨，氣勢流暢，一氣呵成，吟之莫不叫絕。全詩反映了作者對駐守邊疆的將士們久征未歸的同情，也表達了詩人希望朝廷起任良將，早日平息邊塞戰(zhàn)爭，使國家得到安寧，人民過上安定生活的美好心愿的愛國之情。明人李攀龍曾推獎它是唐代七絕壓卷之作，實不過分。

《出塞》 【唐】王之渙

黃河遠上白云間，一片孤城萬仞山。羌笛何須怨楊柳，春風(fēng)不度玉門關(guān)。

【簡析】這首詩旨在寫涼州險僻，守邊艱苦。詩的首句，寫洶涌澎湃的黃河，發(fā)源于云端，突

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所向披靡

劍鋒閣

出其源遠流長，展示邊地廣漠壯闊的風(fēng)光。次句寫涼州城的戍邊堡壘，地處險要，境界孤危。

《從軍行》 【唐】王昌齡

青海長云暗雪山，孤城遙望玉門關(guān)。黃沙百戰(zhàn)穿金甲，不破樓蘭終不還。

【簡析】前兩句是一幅集中了東西數(shù)千里廣闊地域的長卷，是對當時西北邊戍邊將士生活、戰(zhàn)斗典型環(huán)境的描寫。它是對整個西北邊陲的一個鳥瞰，一個概括。第三、四兩句由情景交融的環(huán)境描寫轉(zhuǎn)為直接抒情，極力地概括了戍邊時間之漫長，戰(zhàn)事之頻繁，戰(zhàn)斗之艱苦，敵軍之強悍，邊地之荒涼，但是，在極度惡劣的環(huán)境下，金甲盡管磨穿，將士的報國壯志卻并沒有銷磨，而是在大漠風(fēng)沙的磨煉中變得更加堅定。

《漁家傲〃塞下秋來》 【宋】范仲淹

塞下秋來風(fēng)景異，衡陽雁去無留意。四面邊聲連角起。

千嶂里，長煙落日孤城閉。濁酒一杯家萬里，燕然未勒歸無計。羌管悠悠霜滿地。人不寐，將軍白發(fā)征夫淚。

【簡析】這首詞反映了邊塞生活的艱苦。一方面，表現(xiàn)出作者平息叛亂、反對侵略和鞏固邊防的決心和意愿，另一方面，也描寫了外患未除、功業(yè)未建以及久戍邊地、士兵思鄉(xiāng)等復(fù)雜矛盾的心情。上片描繪邊地的荒涼景象。通過“邊聲”、“角起”和“千嶂”、“孤城”等具有特征性的事物，把邊地的荒涼景象描繪得有聲有色，征人見之聞之，又怎能不百感交集？下片寫戍邊戰(zhàn)士厭戰(zhàn)思歸的心情。

三、真題實戰(zhàn)

（2004年江蘇卷）16．閱讀下面一首唐代的邊塞詩，然后回答問題（6分）

《征人怨》（柳中庸）

歲歲金河復(fù)玉關(guān)，朝朝馬策與刀環(huán)。三春白雪歸青冢，萬里黃河繞黑山。（1）為什么說這是一首邊塞詩？結(jié)合詩句具體說明。

答：

（2）詩題為“征人怨”，通篇雖無“怨”字，但句句有“怨情”，請作簡要賞析。答：（2005年重慶卷）15．閱讀下面這首唐詩，然后回答問題。（6分）

《從軍行七首》（其二）（王昌齡）

琵琶起舞換新聲，總是關(guān)山舊別情。撩亂邊愁聽不盡，高高秋月照長城。（1）“琵琶起舞換新聲”與“邊愁”是否矛盾？為什么？

答：

（2）“高高秋月照長城”與前三句寫法上有何不同？這樣的寫法有什么好處？

答：

劍鋒所指

所向披靡

劍鋒閣

（2006年天津卷）16．閱讀下面的詩，回答間題。（5分）

《涼州詞》（其一）（張 籍）

①②邊城暮雨雁飛低，蘆筍初生漸欲齊。無數(shù)鈴聲遙過磧，應(yīng)馱白練到安西。

[注]①磧（qì）沙漠。②練，白絹，絲織品的一種。

（1）“無數(shù)鈴聲遙過磧”句表現(xiàn)了怎樣的邊塞景象？

答：

（2）本詩運用襯托對比和虛實相生的藝術(shù)手法，請簡要分析。

答：（2007年山東卷）閱讀下面這首清詩，回答問題（8分）

①

《出關(guān)》（徐蘭）

②憑山俯海古邊州，旆影風(fēng)翻見戍樓。馬后桃花馬前雪，出關(guān)爭得不回頭？

[注]①關(guān)，指居庸關(guān)。②旆（pèi），旌旗。

（1）詩的前兩句，有版本作“將軍此去必封侯，士卒何心肯逗留”，與本詩相比你更喜歡哪一種？請簡要說明理由。

答：

（2）“馬后桃花馬前雪”一句在藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)上有什么特點？請作簡要分析。

答：（2009年全國卷Ⅱ）12．閱讀下面這首唐詩，然后回答問題。（8分）

[注]

《軍城早秋》（嚴武）

昨夜秋風(fēng)入漢關(guān)，朔云邊月滿西山。更催飛將追驕虜，莫遣沙場匹馬還。

[注]嚴武（726-765）：字季鷹，華州華陰（今屬陜西）人。曾任成都尹、劍南節(jié)度使，廣德二年（764）秋率兵西征，擊敗吐蕃軍隊七萬多人。

（1）詩的前兩句描繪了什么樣的景象？有什么寓意？

答：

（2）詩的后兩句表現(xiàn)了作者什么樣的情懷？請簡要分析。

答：

四、技巧點睛

1．要弄清邊塞詩此的立意，深挖含蓄的主旨，從總體上對作品進行把握。①抒發(fā)報效國家，渴望建功立業(yè)的豪情；

②贊頌邊疆將士不畏辛勞，保衛(wèi)邊陲的戰(zhàn)斗精神、奉獻精神；

劍鋒所指

所向披靡

劍鋒閣

③壯寫將士的鄉(xiāng)愁、家中親人（妻子）的離恨；

④表現(xiàn)塞外生活的艱辛，控訴戰(zhàn)爭的殘酷，諷刺并勸諫拓土開邊、窮兵黷武的統(tǒng)治者； ⑤描摹塞上絕域的奇異風(fēng)光，歌頌祖國邊塞的大好河山；

⑥注意矛盾心情：慷慨從戎與久戍思鄉(xiāng)、衛(wèi)國激情與艱苦生活、痛恨庸將與獻身精神等的矛盾。

2．要弄清景物描寫與所抒之情的關(guān)系。

景物特點：雄奇、奇麗、奇寒、遼闊、壯闊、廣闊。

感情特點：豪邁、豪氣、豪情、報國之志、殺敵豪情、昂揚精神。3．要弄清詩詞中哪些地方是對戰(zhàn)爭場面的描寫。

戰(zhàn)爭是非常殘酷的，是血淋淋的，從詩歌藝術(shù)美學(xué)的角度考慮，它一點也不美，不宜直接描寫，所以絕大多數(shù)詩人都采用側(cè)面描寫的方法。那么，怎樣去挖掘出來呢？

要抓住與戰(zhàn)爭有關(guān)的意象：

邊塞詩中常見的景物：秋月、雪山、大漠、烽煙、孤城、邊關(guān)、黃沙、長云、雨雪、雁飛、鷹揚、箭飛、馬走；

邊塞詩中常見的器物：金鼓、旌旗、烽火、羽書、戈、矛、劍、戟、斧、鉞、刀、鎩； 邊塞詩中常見的地名：（胡 羌 羯 夷指少數(shù)民族）磧西、輪臺、龜茲、夜郎；天山、陰山、受降城、玉門關(guān)、關(guān)山、陽關(guān)、涼州、樓蘭；

邊塞詩中常見的樂器和音樂：簫、羌笛、琵琶、胡笳、蘆管、角、鼓、《折柳曲》、《落梅花》、《關(guān)山月》；

劍鋒所指

所向披靡

第五篇：高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語課時作業(yè)40

(選修八·Unit 5)

Ⅰ.單項填空

1．—Why don't you do some shopping in the second-hand store?

—Well，the goods there are ________，but ________.A．more expensive;worse

B．more expensive;not as bad

C．cheaper;good enough

D．cheaper;not as good

答案與解析：D 考查形容詞的用法。由語境結(jié)合常識可知，和新貨比起來，二手店里的貨物價格便宜，但是質(zhì)量不如新貨好。很顯現(xiàn)這是把兩種店里的貨從價格和質(zhì)量方面進行了比較，后面省略比較狀語。

2．He has a terrible toothache.So his mother has to________all his food for him.A．cut outB．cut off

C．cut upD．cut away

答案與解析：C cut up 切碎。句意：因為他牙痛的要命，所以他母親不得不為他將所有的食物切碎。cut out 切掉，停止；cut off 切斷；cut away 切掉，砍掉，均不符合句意。

3．There is not much time left，but________we must get there in time.A．somehowB．somewhat

C．howeverD．a(chǎn)nyway

答案與解析：D anyway“不管怎樣”。句意：剩下的時間不多了，但是不管怎樣，我們必須按時到達那里。somehow“不知怎么地”；somewhat“有點”；however“然而”。

4．As time goes by，the________between the various classes of society are not so sharply marked as they used to be.A．divisionsB．gaps

C．separationsD．intervals

答案與解析：A division“區(qū)分”。句意：隨著時間的推移，現(xiàn)在社會上各階層的區(qū)分不像過去那樣明顯了。gap“隔閡”；separation“分開；分離”；interval“間隔”。

5．It's reported that thousands of people are going back to school online for career________or just for fun.A．developmentB．a(chǎn)dvancement

C．promotionD．relief

答案與解析：B advancement“進步，提高”，此處表示為了改進工作，很多人上網(wǎng)校。development當“經(jīng)濟、社會等的發(fā)展”講；promotion“晉升；推廣”；relief“(痛苦，負擔等的)緩和”。

6．To our________，computers，far from getting rid of jobs，can create employment.A．a(chǎn)nxietyB．relief

C．viewD．judgment

答案與解析：B to one's relief使某人欣慰的是。根據(jù)句意，空白處應(yīng)填入一個名詞構(gòu)成表示“使我們感到放心”之意的介詞短語。anxiety意為“焦慮”；view意為“觀點”；judgment意為“判斷”。句意：使我們欣慰的是，電腦完全不是消除工作，而能創(chuàng)造工作。

7．Not having enough to eat，many died from________in the search for the new land.A．hungryB．thirst

C．strategyD．starvation

答案與解析：D 根據(jù)not having enough to eat可知許多人死于饑餓，可排除B、C項；A項hungry為形容詞，所以選D項。

8．________his wife's strong objection，the husband insisted on putting all the money they had into the stock market，which almost drove her crazy.A．Regardless ofB．In relation to

C．On behalf ofD．In memory of

答案與解析：A regardless of“不管，不顧”。

9．She tried to explain what had happened but he________her several times.A．botheredB．spoiled

C．cutD．interrupted

答案與解析：D interrupt“打斷；插話”。bother“麻煩”；spoil“寵壞”；cut“切”。

10．Let's________that there is a selection this month.What is the result likely to be，given the latest opinion polls?

A．a(chǎn)ssumeB．a(chǎn)nnounce

C．a(chǎn)ssistD．a(chǎn)pprove

答案與解析：A assume“假定；設(shè)想”，符合題意。

11．He was________when customs officers found drugs in his bag.A．a(chǎn)rguedB．fought

C．persuadedD．a(chǎn)rrested

答案與解析：D arrest“逮捕”符合題意。argue“爭論”；fight“打架”；persuade“說服”。

12．—I wonder if you are satisfied with my proposal.—But I prefer to see an________one before making a decision.A．a(chǎn)lternativeB．a(chǎn)nother

C．otherD．others

答案與解析：A 根據(jù)句子意思可知回答者希望能有選擇的余地再做決定，可與one搭配的只有alternative。another前不需要冠詞。

13．The origin of Chinese culture________more than 5,000 years ago.A．is dated back toB．dates back to

C．is dated fromD．dates back

答案與解析：B more than 5,000 years ago是時間點而不是時間段，故排除D項。date back to還可以用date from來表示，它們都無進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，故選B項。

14．Everyone should________and save a little money each year for when he retires.A．look forwardB．look up

C．look aheadD．look into

答案與解析：C look ahead“為將來打算”，符合題意。look forward“期望”；look up“向上看”；look into“調(diào)查”。

15．—I just hear the tickets for tonight's film had been sold out.—Oh，no！________.A．It's not at all interesting

B．It doesn't matter

C．I was looking forward to that

D．I know

答案與解析：C 題意：“今天晚上的電影票已經(jīng)賣完了。”“哦，不！我一直盼著呢！”只有C項能表達說話者的迫切的心情。

Ⅱ.閱讀理解

Starbucks coffee shops can be found all over America and in more than thirty countries around the would.Many people think they are great places to enjoy a cup of hot coffee or tea.But others dislike the company.If you are in any major city in America，the chances are great that you are not far from a Starbucks.In fact，you might be very close to several of these coffee shops.The company started in the West Coast city of Seattle，Washington，in 1971.Starbucks was named after a character in the famous American novel Moby-Dick by Herman Melville.Today，there are more than 12 000 Starbucks around the world.Sales in 2008 were almost eight billion dollars.Starbucks sells more than just plain coffee.It started a whole coffee culture with its own special language and coffee workers called“baristas”．It sells many kinds of hot and cold coffee drinks；like White Chocolate Mocha and Frappuccino.It also sells music recorders，coffee makers，food，and even books.But most of all，it sells the idea of being a warm and friendly place for

people to sit，read or talk.Starbucks is a great successful story.Buiers are willing to pay as much as five dollars for coffee drink.Many people say they go to Starbucks because they can depend on it to have exactly what they want and it is nearby.Some say Starbucks has helped to educate people about coffee from many countries.However，some people do not like the company's expansion.Owners of independent coffee stores cannot compete with Starbucks.Some small coffee sellers even took the company to court，saying Starbucks controls the market and forces out competition.1.Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?

A．Starbucks，the Coffee Giant(巨人)

B．The World's Starbucks

C．Starbucks，Selling Ideas

D．Starbucks，In or Out

答案與解析：A確立文章標題。文章主要介紹擁有眾多連鎖店的咖啡店巨無霸Starbucks，B、C、D三項都只是介紹Starbucks coffee shops的某一個側(cè)面，較片面。

2.People will go to Starbucks for coffee drink because of________.A．the sense of satisfaction there

B．the highly educated baristas

C．the plain taste of the drink

D．the low price there

答案與解析：A 細節(jié)理解題。由第四段第三句“Many people say they go to Starbucks because they can depend on it to have exactly what they want”由此推斷人們?nèi)tarbucks是由于一種滿足感。

3.What do you think takes the most important role in Starbucks' success?

A．Selling their ideas.B．The coffee culture they have created.C．Their great economic power.D．All kinds of their coffee drinks.答案與解析：B 判斷推理題。由第三段中“Starbucks sells more than just plain coffee.It started a whole coffee culture with its own special language...But most of all it sells the idea of being a warm and friendly place for people to sit，read or talk”可推斷Starbucks成功之處在于他們創(chuàng)立的咖啡文化。

4.The writer's attitude towards Starbucks is________in writing the passage.A．supportiveB．critical(批評的)

C．objectiveD．doubtful

答案與解析：C 判斷作者態(tài)度題。本文介紹Starbucks咖啡連鎖店特有的文化經(jīng)營理念，所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀的。

Ⅲ.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

“__1__It all depends on your personality，”said British naturalist Richard Mabey.“Personality shapes your view of the season，”he said.“You may see it as a fading away，a packing up(結(jié)束)，or as a time of packing in another sense –the gathering of resources before a long journey.” __2__ About November，he wrote：

No warmth，no cheerfulness，no healthful ease

No shade，no shine，no butterflies，no bees

November!

On the other hand，another English poet John Keats，already sensing he was seriously ill，was inspired by a late September day to pen one of the most famous poems in the English language，According to Richard Mabey，Keats has the biological evidence on his For example，just at the moment that Keats's“gathering swallows”(in To Autumn)are departing for Africa，millions of creatures are fleeing from the frozen north like Iceland，Greenland and Russia

to winter along the east and south coasts of Britain.People might argue that it is the coloring of the leaves and their eventual fall that make people feel sad about autumn.But no one is sure why trees drop their leaves in the first place.It may be likely to rid the poisonous material trees collect over A century after Keats，the American poet Loren Eiseley wrote in his journal：“Suppose we saw ourselves burning like maples in a golden autumn.And suppose we could disintegrate(瓦解)like autumn leaves...Would not our attitude towards death be different？”

A.Autumn is not a time of slowing down，but a time of new beginnings and great movements of creatures.B．He wrote to a friend afterwards that there was something comforting and healing about autumn.C．Keats thought we should take a negative attitude towards death.D．Autumn means different to different people.E．If this is true，perhaps it tells us a little about，for instance，Thomas Hood，the 19th Century English poet.F．More likely，it is a way of reducing the loss of water，which tree roots find hard to take in from cold soil.G．The fall of tree leaves is more likely to make people sad.答案： 1.D 2.E 3.B 4.A 5.F

Ⅳ.短文改錯

On a snowy winter night，a bus with 45 passenger had an accident because the slippery road.And all of them were trapping in the bus and what was worse，the bus ran out of gas and it is very cold in it.They could do nothing but to wait for help.A man who lived nearby saw what had happened.He and some villagers tried to open the door and helped all of whom out of the bus.He took them to his home but offered them food and water and even some warm clothes for children.They spent two days in his home and finally help came.All of them were thankfully for his kind help.答案：

On a snowy winter night，a bus with 45had an accident because ∧ the slippery of

road.And all of them were trapping in the bus and what was worse，the bus ran out of gas and itvery cold in it.They could do nothing but towait for help.A man who lived nearby saw

what had happened.He and some villagersto open the door and helped all ofout of the bus.He took them to his home but offered them food and water and even some warm clothes for ∧ children.They spent two days in his home and finally help came.All of them were the

for his kind help.