第一篇:英語五種基本句型(教師版)
初高中銜接教學材料----基本句型
基本句型漢譯英練習主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 說明:
本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加不及物的謂語動詞構(gòu)成, 常用來表示主語的動作。如,The sun rises.主語可有修飾語---定語,如,The red sun rises.謂語可有修飾語---狀語,如,The red sun rises in the east 翻譯練習:
1.你應(yīng)當努力學習。
2.她昨天回家很晚。
3.那天早上我們談了很多。
4.會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。
5.在過去的十年里,我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
6.這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。
7.1919年,在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運動。
8.每天八時開始上課。
9.這個盒子重五公斤。
10.五年前我住在北京。
11.愛麗絲很會游泳。
12.約翰的父親昨晚去世了。
13.秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。
14.我的爺爺早晨起得很早。
15.每天下午有許多學生到圖書館來借書。
參考答案:
1.You should study hard.2.She went home very late yesterday evening.3.That morning we talked a great deal.4.The meeting will last two hours.5.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6.Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8.Classes begin at eight every day.9.This box weighs five kilos.10.I lived in Beijing five years ago.11.Alice swims very well.12.John’s father died last night.13.In autumn, some birds fly to the south.14.My grandfather gets up early in the morning.15.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.初高中銜接教學材料----基本句型
基本句型 漢譯英練習主系表結(jié)構(gòu)
說明:
本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+系動詞+表語組成,主要用以說明主語的特征,類屬,狀態(tài),身份等。系動詞有
(1)表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound.(2)表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand.(3)表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.翻譯練習:
1.我的兄弟都是大學生。
2.冬季白天短,夜晚長。
3.布朗夫人看起來很健康。
4.十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。
5.孩子們,請保持安靜。
6.這本書是有關(guān)美國歷史的書。
7.她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。
8.他失業(yè)了。
9.樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。
10.這個報告聽起來很有意思。
參考答案:
1.My brothers are all college students.2.In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.3.Mrs Brown looks very healthy.4.At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.5.Children, keep quiet please.6.This book is about the history of the United States.7.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.8.He is out of work.9.The leaves have turned yellow.10.The report sounds interesting.基本句型 漢譯英練習主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
(一)說明:
此結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+謂語+賓語夠成。其中的謂語動詞須是及物的動詞或及物的動詞詞組。賓語須是名詞或相當于名詞的成分。初高中銜接教學材料----基本句型
翻譯練習:
1.昨晚我寫了一封信。
2.今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?/p>
3.這本書他讀過多次了。
4.他們成功地完成了計劃。
5.你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。
6.那位先生能流利地說三種語言。
7.我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。
8.Jim 還不會自己穿衣服。
9.我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實男孩。
10.他不知道說什麼好。
11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。
12.我開窗戶你在意嗎? 參考答案:
1.I wrote a letter last night.2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out the plan successfully.5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.8.Jim cannot dress himself.9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.He did not know what to say.11.He takes a cold bath every morning.12.Do you mind my opening the window?
主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
(二)說明:
此結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞常常是動詞詞組,分兩種情況:1.及物動詞+副詞,2.不及物動詞+介詞。1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副詞的動詞詞組是可拆分的。如,They carried out the plan successfully.我們還可以說,They carried the plan out successfully.但我們只能說 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully.動副詞組都可以這樣用,如,point out(指出), carry out(執(zhí)行), put forward(提出), work out(做出,算出), find out(找出), give up(放棄), give away(贈送,分發(fā)),pick up(揀起), put 初高中銜接教學材料----基本句型
up(掛上), 等。
2.而含有介詞 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的動介詞組是不可拆分的。如,look after(照顧), look at(瞧), look for(尋找), belong to(屬于), refer to(參考,提及), think of(考慮,評價), send for(派人去請), care for(喜歡),suffer from(受?之苦), deal with(對付,應(yīng)付), object to(反對), pay for(付?的錢),等。即我們只能說think of it,不能說think it of.3.in 在動詞詞組中用作副詞,表示“在里面”,“往里進”,“在家”等意思。如,get in(收割),hand in(提交,交進)。
用作介詞,表示“在…地點”,“在…范圍”,“在…方面”。如,persist in(堅持),succeed in(在?成功)。
4.Off在動詞詞組中 用作副詞,表示“關(guān)閉”,“隔離,離開”,“去掉”,等意思。如,turn off(關(guān)掉), switch off(關(guān)掉), ring off(掛斷電話), keep off(遠離), take off(脫掉), kick off(踢脫), carry off(運走), put off(推遲), pay off(付清),give off(放出).用作介詞,表示“從?下來”。如,get off(下車), fall off(從?掉下來).5.On 在動詞詞組中用作副詞,表示“開”,“走開”,“傳遞”,“穿戴”。如,turn on(開),move on(走開), pass on(傳遞), put on(穿上), have on(穿著).用作介詞,表示“在…上”,“在…方面”。如,work on(從事于…), operate on(在?上動手術(shù)), agree on(同意)。
表示“上車,上船,上?”, 如,get on(上車,上船),ride on(騎上)。表示“依靠”,“以?為基礎(chǔ)”,“按照”,如,depend on(依靠),base on(以?為基礎(chǔ)), feed on(以?為食), live on(以?為生計).6.Over在動詞詞組中用作副詞,表示“翻轉(zhuǎn)”,“翻倒”,如,turn over(打翻,翻倒),push over(推倒).表示“過一遍”,“仔細”,“遍及”,如,think over(仔細考慮),look over(仔細查看,研究).用作介詞,表示“從上越過”,如,fly over(從上飛過), jump over(從上跳過).go over(越過,橫過)。
表示“為了”,“由于”,如,quarrel over(為?爭吵),cry over(因?哭泣).表示“查看”,“復(fù)習”,“檢查”,如,go over(檢查,復(fù)習).附:許多由及物動詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成的三詞動詞詞組也要跟賓語,如:
pay attention to(注意), catch hold of(抓住,握住), catch sight of(看見,發(fā)現(xiàn)),do harm to(對?有害), get rid of(排除,除去), make fun of(取笑,嘲笑),put(one’s)heart into(專心于?), say hello to(打招呼), sing praise for(贊揚,表揚),take care of(照顧), take part in(參加), take pride in(以?自豪,驕傲)。初高中銜接教學材料----基本句型
翻譯練習:
1.我不信任那個人。
2.他指出了我的作文中的錯誤。
3.圣誕節(jié)我們將去看望外籍教師。
4.你們必須在課后把練習本交上來。
5.五分鐘內(nèi)我們是不可能解出這道題來的。
6.他們高度贊揚了英雄的業(yè)跡。
7.這位護士會好好照顧你父親的。
8.你在工作中可依靠他。
9.沸騰的水散發(fā)水蒸汽。
10.寫完作文后,我們必須把它從頭到尾看一遍。
11.脫掉你的外套,走前再穿。
12.人們會把她找出來的。
13.我們必須派人去請醫(yī)生
參考答案:
1.I don’t believe in(介)that man.2.He pointed out(副)the mistakes in my composition.3.On Christmas Day, we will call on(介)our foreign teachers.4.You must hand in(副)your exercise-books after class.5.We cannot work out(副)the problem in five minutes.6.They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero.7.The nurse will take good care of your father.8.You can depend on(介)him in your work.9.Boiling water gives off(副)steam.10.After writing a composition, we must go over(介)it.11.Take off your coat and put it on(副)before you leave.12.People will find her out(副).13.We must send for(介)a doctor 基本句型 漢譯英練習雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)
說明:
此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(事物)組成。如,He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先說出直接賓語(事物),后說間接賓語(人),則要借助于介詞to或for,如,He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to側(cè)重指動作的方向,表示朝著,向著,對著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動作的受益者,表示為了某人,替某人。
常跟雙賓語的動詞有: 初高中銜接教學材料----基本句型
(需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。
(需借助for 的)buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。翻譯練習:
1.Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。
2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。3.Mary把錢包交給校長了。4.請把那本字典遞給我好嗎? 5.他把車票給列車員看。
6.這個學期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。7.我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。8.Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。9.請你給我弄一本新的,好嗎? 10.我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎?
11.新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。參考答案:
1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.4.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5.He showed the ticket to the conductor.6.This term I have written three letters to my parents.7.My father has bought me a new bike.8.Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.9.Will you please get me a new copy? 10.Shall I call you a taxi?
11.The new machine will save you a lot of labour 基本句型 漢譯英練習復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)
說明:
此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補足語有邏輯的主謂關(guān)系,若無賓語補足語,則句意不完整??梢杂米鲑e補的有,名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,分詞。如,The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.用 it 做形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面,是英語常用句型。即 主語 + 謂語 + it + 賓補 + 真正賓語。如,I found it very pleasant to be with your family.初高中銜接教學材料----基本句型
翻譯練習
1.我們叫她Alice.2.他的父母給他取名為John.3.我們大家都認為他是誠實的。
4.他們把門推開了。
5.他們把小偷釋放了。
6.我們要使學校變得更美麗。
7.他請我們參加做游戲。
8.我要你把真相告訴我。
9.衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。
10.明天我要找人來修理機器。
11.每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。
12.痛苦使得他叫喊起來。
13.我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。
14.他每個月理一次發(fā)。
15.我要請人把我的錄音機修理一下。
16.那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了
17.她正在聽人家講故事。
18.男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。
19.我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。
20.他感到很難跟你交談。
21.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。
22.我認為有可能用另一種方法解題。
23.學校定了一條規(guī)則,開始上課時學生要起立。
24.我認為與那個人談話是無益的。
參考答案
1.We call her Alice.2.His parents named him John.3.All of us considered him honest.4.They pushed the door open.5.They have set the thief free.6.We will make our school more beautiful.7.He asked us to join in the game.8.I want you to tell me the truth.9.The guards ordered us to leave at once.10.Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.11.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.12.The pain made him cry out.初高中銜接教學材料----基本句型
13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.We won’t let her go out at night.He has his hair cut once a month.I’ll get my recorder mended.The terrible sound made the children frightened.She is listening to someone telling stories.The boys were watching the soldiers drilling.I have never seen the word used that way before.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.I thought it no use talking with that man
基本句型 漢譯英練習There be 句型
說明:
此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語 構(gòu)成,用以表達存在有,一種無主語的有。它其實是倒裝的一種情況,主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后,there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞,并無實際語。Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致,有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如,現(xiàn)在有 there is/are … 過去有 there was/were…
將來有 there will be…/there is /are going to be...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be...肯定有 there must be …/there must have been...過去一直有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
此句型有時不用be動詞,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。翻譯練習:
1.今晚沒有會。
2.這個村子過去只有一口井。
3.這個學校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。
4.客人當中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。初高中銜接教學材料----基本句型
5.天氣預(yù)報說下午有大風。
6.燈亮著,辦公室里肯定有人。
7.戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。
8.恰好那時房里沒人。
9.從前,在海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。
10.公共汽車來了。
11.就只剩下二十八美元了。
12.在這個山洞前面長著一棵高大的松樹。
13.鈴響了。
14.二月份有二十八天。
參考答案:
1.There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.2.There was only a well in the village.3.There is(are)a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.4.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.5.The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.6.The light is on.There must be someone ion the office.7.There used to be a cinema here before the war.8.There happened to be nobody in the room.9.Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.10.There comes the bus.11.There remained just twenty-eight dollars.12.In front of the cave, there stands(grows)a tall pine tree.13.There goes the bell.14.There are twenty-eight days in February
第二篇:英語五種基本句型教案
英語五種基本句型教案
(1515.1516班
授課老師蔣茉華)
一.Teaching Goals教學目標: 1.Ability Goals能力目標:
a.Learn some detail information about the basic structures of English sentences;b.Improve the students’ ability of analyze the structure of sentences;c.Enable the students to translate the English sentences 2.Learning Ability Goals學能目標:
Help the students grasp the ability of constructing new sentences.3.Emotion情感目標:
a.Learn how to cooperate with others;b.Build the self-confidence of students
二.Teaching Important Points教學重點: a.The five basic English structures;b.Constructing English sentences;c.Train the students’ ability of translating complex sentences
三.Teaching Difficult Points 教學難點
a.Train the ability how to write the right sentences, including the complex ones;b.Train the ability of analyzing the whole passage and give the main ideas of the passage or paragraphs
四.Teaching Aids 教學設(shè)備
A computer, a projector and some slides
五.Teaching Procedures Step 1 Show to the students the basic structures 基本句型一: S +V(主+謂)
基本句型二: S +V+ P(主+謂+表)基本句型三: S +V+ O(主+謂+賓)
基本句型四: S +V+ o+ O(主+謂+間賓+直賓)基本句型五: S+ V+ O+ C(主+謂+賓+賓補
句型1: Subject(主語)+ Verb(謂語)此句型的句子有一個共同特點,即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思,這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞,動詞后不可以直接接賓語,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。常見的動詞如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:
1.The sun was shining.太陽在照耀著。2.The moon rose.月亮升起了。3.The universe remains.宇宙長存。
4.We all breathe, eat, and drink.我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.Who cares? 管它呢?
6.What he said does not matter.他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。7.They talked for half an hour.他們談了半個小時。8.The pen writes smoothly.這支筆書寫流利。
S
1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man 4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He 10.They V(不及物動詞)flies.rose.cooked.eat, and drink.laughed? woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone.句型2:Subject(主語)+ Link.V(系動詞)+ Predicate(表語)此句型的句子有一個共同的特點:句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思,必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語,才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞,這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點、身份等。其系動詞一般可分為下列兩類:(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如: 1)This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。2)He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。
3)Several players lay flat on the playground.幾個隊員平躺在操場上。4)We should remain modest and prudent any time.我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持謙虛謹慎。
5)This kind of food tastes terrible.這種食物吃起來很糟糕。6)The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.這幅畫在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示變化。這類系動詞有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:
1)Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來越暖和。2)The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長得高多了。
3)Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來越暖和。4)Don't have the food.It has gone bad.不要吃那種食物,已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。5)The facts prove true.事實證明是正確的。
S 1.This 2.The dinner 3.He 4.Everything 5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face
P(表語)
an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.句型3:Subject(主語)+ Verb(謂語)+ Object(賓語)
這種句型中的動詞一般為及物動詞, 所謂及物動詞,就是這種動詞后可以直接接賓語,其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當。此句型句子的共同特點是:謂V(是系動詞)is smells(聞)fell looks is is became turned 語動詞都具有實義,都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作,但不能表達完整的意思,必須跟有一個賓語,即動作的承受者,才能使意思完整。例:
1)He took his bag and left.(名詞)他拿著書包離開了。2)Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.(代詞)當我遇到困難時,李雷總能給我?guī)椭?/p>
3)She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。
4)I don’t know what I should do next.(從句)我不知道下一步該干什么 5)You can put the books in your bag.你可以把書放在書包里。
6)Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我們這里的農(nóng)民種很多種蔬菜。7)She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞臺上露面的機會。
8)I prefer to make web pages.我更喜歡做網(wǎng)頁。
S
1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He V(實義動詞)knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said O(賓語)the answer? her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.“Good morning.” 句型4: Subject(主語)+Verb(謂語)+ Indirect object(間接賓語)+Direct object(直接賓語)此句型的句子有一個共同特點:謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者,另一個是動作的間接承受者。這種句型中,直接賓語為主要賓語,表示動作是對誰做的或為誰做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當;間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語,去掉之后,對整個句子的影響不大,多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動詞有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:
1)Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。
3)Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。
4)The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在給孩子們講長征中的故事。
這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型:1)動詞 + 賓語 + for sb.; 2)動詞 + 賓語+to sb.Please show me your picture.=Please show your picture to me.請把你的畫給我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.=I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心,我會給你提供機會的。
S
1.She 2.She 3.He 4.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 8.He
O(多指物)a new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.句型5: Subject(主語)+Verb(動詞)+Object(賓語)+Complement(補語)
此句型的句子的共同特點是:動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語,才能使意思完整。這種句型中的“賓語+補語”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。賓語補足語的主要作用或者是補充、說明賓語的特點、身份等;或者表示讓賓語去完成的動作等。擔任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。常見的動詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。如: 1)You should keep the room clean and tidy.你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。(形容詞)2)We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當班長。
3)His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)5)Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(過去分詞)6)Keep the children quiet, please.請讓孩子們安靜下來。7)He painted the wall white.他把墻漆成白色。
8)We found him an honest person.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個誠實的人。
9)His mother told him not to play on the street.他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。
注意:動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時,不帶to。如:
6)The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項工作。7)I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個晚上。V(及物)passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed o(多指人)
him her husband you her him him me S 1.We 2.They 3.They 4.They 5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I
V(及物)keep painted call found makes saw asked saw
O(賓語)
the table the door supper the house him him me them
C(賓補)
clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad? out.tocome back soon.getting on the bus.Step 2:There be 句型: 此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語構(gòu)成,用以表達存在有,一種無主語的有。它其實是倒裝的一種情況,主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后,there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞,并無實際語。Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致,有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如,現(xiàn)在有 there is/are …
過去有 there was/were…
將來有 there will be…/there is /are going to be...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been…
可能有 there might be...肯定有 there must be …/there must have been...過去一直有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
此句型有時不用be動詞,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive, 等。
Step 3 Exercises and homework Ask the students to translate sentences;Review what we’ve learned in class
第三篇:英語五種基本句型小結(jié)
英語五種基本句型小結(jié)
山東棗莊qazxswzxz1010 根據(jù)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu),英語句子可簡單的分為以下五種:
一、主語+謂語(S + V)
“主語+不及物動詞”構(gòu)成句子的主體部分,后面不能跟賓語,但可以跟狀語。
e.g.He cooks.他燒飯。
They are drinking.他們正在喝東西。He runs in the park.他在公園里跑步。
二、主語 + 謂語 + 賓語(S + V + O)
在這種句型中,謂語動詞是及物動詞。后面可以直接跟賓語。賓語一般是由名詞、代詞、動名詞或動詞不定式等來充當。e.g.She made cakes.她做了蛋糕。
They are eating meat.他們正在吃肉。She likes reading.她喜歡讀書。I want to sleep.我想睡覺。
三、主語 + 系動詞 + 表語(S + V + P)
常見的系動詞有以下幾種:
1.be動詞(am / is / are / was / were / been)2.四變: get / become / turn / go 3.感官動詞: look / feel / taste / sound / smell 4.另外還有keep, remain等都可以作為系動詞。
表語一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式等來承擔。
e.g.We are students.我們是學生。
The days get longer and longer.白天變得越來越長。The food goes bad.食物變質(zhì)了。He seems worried.他似乎很著急。You must keep healthy.你必須保持健康。Tom is in China now.湯姆現(xiàn)在在中國。
四、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語(S + V + InO+ DO)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是我們所說的雙賓語。其中前一個賓語指人,稱為間接賓語,一般放在直接賓語的前面,也可以放在直接賓語后面,但要用介詞to 或for 隔開。后一個是直接賓語,一般指物。
1.與to連用的動詞有g(shù)ive, pass, bring, send, tell, teach, take, show 等, to一般表示方向。
e.g.Please show me the photos.(=Please show the photos to me.)請讓我看看那些照片。
I gave him a book.(=I gave a book to him.)我把書給了他。
2.與for 連用的動詞有buy, get, find, cook, make, grow, sing等,for一般表示對象。
e.g.My mother bought a birthday cake for me yesterday.(=My mother bought me a birthday cake yesterday.)我媽媽昨天給我買了一個生日蛋糕。
The singer sang three songs for us just now.(=The singer sang us three songs just now.)那名歌手剛才給我們唱了三首歌。
注意: 如果直接賓語和間接賓語同時為代詞,那么只能把直接賓語放在前面。
e.g.翻譯:把它們給我。
誤:Give me them, please.正:Give them to me,please.五、主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語(S + V + O + C)
我們先來看一個例子:I find that he is clever.這是一個“主語+謂語+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu),其中賓語“he is clever”是一個從句。“I find him clever.”才是“主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。這種句型的及物動詞后的賓語還需要再加上賓語補足語意義才完整??梢宰髻e語補足語的有名詞、形容詞、動詞、動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語等。
1.當名詞作賓語補足語時動詞一般有:call, name, make, find, get, think等。
e.g.They named him James.他們給他取名詹姆斯。We made her monitor.我們讓她當班長。
2.當形容詞作賓語補足語時動詞一般有:keep, make, find, get, think等。
e.g.We must keep the windows closed at night.我們必須在晚上關(guān)上窗戶。
He made the children happy.他使孩子們開心。
3.動詞不定式作賓語補足語有以下兩種情況:
① 有些動詞跟帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,這些動詞一般有:ask, tell, want, teach, wish, get等。
e.g.He told me to stay at home.他告訴我要我待在家里。
② 有些動詞跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,我們把它們總結(jié)為:一感(feel)二聽(listen to, hear)三讓(let, have, make)四看(see, look at, watch, notice)。
e.g.Let me help you.讓我來幫你。He made us laugh.他使我們發(fā)笑。
I saw them play on the ground.我看到他們在地上玩。
注意: help后動詞可帶to也可不帶to。
e.g.I often help my mother(to)do the housework.我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。
4.后面跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞一般有: listen to, see, hear, look at, watch, notice, find, keep等,表示后面的動作正在進行。e.g.I heard the girl next door playing the piano.我聽到隔壁的那個女孩正在彈鋼琴。
第四篇:英語簡單句五種基本句型詳解
基本句型
英語句子成分的排列順序與漢語不同。漢語放在前面的,英語可能要放在后面;而漢語放后面的,英語可能放在前面。即使是同樣一句話,如果用詞不同,句中的次序也會有變化。比如,“我每天騎自行車上學”,可以表達為 I go to school by bike every day.也可以表達為I ride to school every day.如果用圖表分析一下,我們會看得更清楚:
這三個語句除了行為者“I”的位置沒有變化外,其它都發(fā)生了變化,并且由于“上學”表達方式的不同,在句中的位置也發(fā)生了變化。
句子成分詳解一覽表及巧記口訣
句子成分 學記口訣
主語謂語是基礎(chǔ),賓表定狀補輔助。
賓主來自名代數(shù),動詞作謂不可無。
簡單句的五種基本句型
英語是一種結(jié)構(gòu)型的語言,以謂語動詞為核心構(gòu)成各種句型。為了幫助你掌握英語的句
型,本節(jié)課我們一起來總結(jié)一下英語的基本句型。
4.主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語(+ 狀語)
5.主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語(+ 狀語)
第五篇:英語五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu) 2
英語六種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)
句型1: Subject(主語)+ Verb(謂語)
這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞,所謂不及物動詞,就是這種動詞后不可以直接接賓語。常見的動詞如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:
1)Li Ming works very hard.李明學習很努力。
2)The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。
3)Spring is coming.4)We have lived in the city for ten years.句型2:Subject(主語)+ Link.V(系動詞)+ Predicate(表語)這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點、身份等。其系動詞一般可分為下列兩類:
(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如:
1)This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。
2)He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示變化。這類系動詞有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:
1)Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來越暖和。
2)The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長得高多了。
句型3:Subject(主語)+ Verb(謂語)+ Object(賓語)
這種句型中的動詞一般為及物動詞, 所謂及物動詞,就是這種動詞后可以直接接賓語,其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當。例:
1)He took his bag and left.(名詞)他拿著書包離開了。
2)Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.(代詞)當我遇到困難時,李雷總能給我?guī)椭?/p>
3)She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。
4)I don’t know what I should do next.(從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。注意:英語中的許多動詞既是及物動詞,又是不及物動詞。
句型4: Subject(主語)+Verb(謂語)+ Indirect object(間接賓語)+Direct object(直接賓語)
這種句型中,直接賓語為主要賓語,表示動作是對誰做的或為誰做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當;間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語,去掉之后,對整個句子的影響不大,多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動詞有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。搭配to的動詞有:give, lend, pass, send, show, write, tell等;搭配for的動詞有:build, buy, cook, find, get, make等。如:
1)Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子還可以表達為:
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.句型5: Subject(主語)+Verb(動詞)+Object(賓語)+Complement(補語)
這種句型中的“賓語 + 補語”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。賓語補足語的主要作用是補充、說明賓語的特點、身份等;或者表示讓賓語去完成的動作等。擔任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如:
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy.你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。(形容詞)
2)We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當班長。
3)His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。
4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
5)Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(過去分詞)
● 常見的動詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意:動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時,不帶to。如:
1)The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項工作。
2)I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個晚上。
句型6: There be......1.There be...句型表示的是 “某處有(存在)某人或某物”,其結(jié)構(gòu)為There be(is,are,was, were)+名詞+地點狀語。例如:
There are fifty-two students in our class.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.There was an old house by the river five years ago.2.如果有兩個或兩個以上的名詞作主語,be動詞要和最靠近它的那個主語在數(shù)上保持一致,也就是我們常說的 “就近原則”。例如:
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.3.There be句型和havehas的區(qū)別:
There be句型表示 “存在有”, havehas表示 “擁有” “所有”,兩者不能同時使用.例如: 桌子上有三本書.There are three books on the desk.我有三本書.I have three books.4.There be + 主語 + doing +介詞短語.例如:
There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.There is a wallet lying on the ground.