第一篇：計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的的一些特點(diǎn)范文

計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的一些特點(diǎn) 引言

計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)是各個(gè)層次的計(jì)算機(jī)類專業(yè)的必修課，是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的延伸和提高，也是學(xué)生大學(xué)期間英語(yǔ)不斷線教育中非常重要的一環(huán)。由于計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)科的特殊性，即絕大部分計(jì)算機(jī)新技術(shù)都源于國(guó)外，要想快速學(xué)習(xí)、掌握這些新技術(shù)和新的開(kāi)發(fā)工具，必須能夠熟練地閱讀計(jì)算機(jī)英文文獻(xiàn)。同時(shí)目前倡導(dǎo)的雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)，要求部分專業(yè)課程要用原版英文教材，這就要求學(xué)生必須先掌握足夠的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)專業(yè)詞匯。所以專業(yè)英語(yǔ)對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)及相關(guān)專業(yè)的學(xué)生來(lái)講，非常重要。

計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生掌握常用的計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯、培養(yǎng)科技英語(yǔ)的閱讀理解、翻譯及寫(xiě)作能力，但各高?；旧隙际菍⒃撜n程設(shè)為考查課程，相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效果不理想。從畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中的專業(yè)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯和畢業(yè)論文的英文摘要，就可以明顯地看出來(lái)，有的學(xué)生甚至直接使用“金山快譯”之類的翻譯軟件來(lái)翻譯。如何更好地講授好計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課程，達(dá)到更好地教學(xué)效果，是許多計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)科的教師探討的課題。計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)

計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)除了具有科技英語(yǔ)的一般特點(diǎn)外，還有其自身的特點(diǎn)。

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長(zhǎng)句多。

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被動(dòng)語(yǔ)句多。

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祈使語(yǔ)句多。

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專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)多。

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新詞多，且合成新詞多。

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縮略語(yǔ)多。

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一詞多義。

其中縮略語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)的頻度高，以及新詞(包括新縮略語(yǔ))產(chǎn)生快和數(shù)量多是計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)區(qū)別于其它學(xué)科專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的主要特點(diǎn)。教學(xué)內(nèi)容的選擇

3.1 教材的選擇

計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的教材比較多，層次也不同。選擇一本合適的教材是取得好的教學(xué)效果的基礎(chǔ)，選擇教材時(shí)有以下幾個(gè)原則：

(1)全面性。計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)是要介紹計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)課程涉及的詞語(yǔ)和知識(shí)，所以教材內(nèi)容要盡量全面，至少要包括大部分計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)課程的內(nèi)容，如計(jì)算機(jī)原理、數(shù)字邏輯、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、操作系統(tǒng)、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、軟件工程、程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言等等。目的是掌握相關(guān)詞匯，所以理論上不要求太深，通常是介紹性質(zhì)的，事實(shí)上目前計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)教材中不少課程內(nèi)容都是源自某一課程的英文教材的內(nèi)容介紹，或者是摘編出來(lái)的。

(2)時(shí)效性。由于計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)發(fā)展非常迅速，且新技術(shù)市場(chǎng)化周期越來(lái)越短，要使學(xué)生能夠掌握新的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和新的實(shí)用工具軟件，就必須考慮教材內(nèi)容的時(shí)效性，達(dá)到與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。

(3)適用性。由于計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教材較多，層次不同，包括兩年高職、三年高職、專生本、本科等層次，相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容深淺、側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有不同。同時(shí)現(xiàn)在計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)專業(yè)也越來(lái)越多，如計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)、軟件工程、網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程、信息安全專業(yè)、軟件測(cè)試等，不同的或方向?qū)φn程內(nèi)容的側(cè)重也不同，所以要根據(jù)不同的教學(xué)對(duì)象選擇適用的教

材，當(dāng)然，也可以對(duì)教材內(nèi)容進(jìn)行選擇性的取舍。

3.2 適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充新內(nèi)容

由于教材編寫(xiě)的時(shí)滯性，一些實(shí)用的新技術(shù)不會(huì)包括在教材中，而計(jì)算機(jī)是一門(mén)實(shí)用性很強(qiáng)的學(xué)科，學(xué)生急于了解計(jì)算機(jī)新的技術(shù)發(fā)展和應(yīng)用情況，特別是實(shí)用性的技術(shù)和新軟件功能等，所以要根據(jù)當(dāng)前的技術(shù)發(fā)展，適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充一些介紹計(jì)算機(jī)新技術(shù)的內(nèi)容。如筆者在近年的教學(xué)中，及時(shí)補(bǔ)充了ASP.Net、IP V6、超線程(Hyper-Threading)、Dual-Core Processor、DDR Memory等實(shí)用性強(qiáng)的新技術(shù)的文章，很受學(xué)生歡迎。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，學(xué)生是非常樂(lè)于了解新技術(shù)的，特別是那些已得到應(yīng)用的主流技術(shù)。

另外，大部分教材內(nèi)容理論性較強(qiáng)，對(duì)一些基本的實(shí)用操作則介紹很少，如對(duì)于CMOS設(shè)置、鍵盤(pán)上各鍵名稱的具體含義、軟件基本操作術(shù)語(yǔ)等基本的實(shí)用英語(yǔ)則很少有介紹，甚至部分學(xué)生本科畢業(yè)時(shí)還不知道“Ctrl”、“Alt”鍵等具體是哪個(gè)英文詞及其實(shí)際含義，“有專業(yè)沒(méi)常識(shí)”。所以在教學(xué)時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)補(bǔ)充這些最基本的內(nèi)容。

在教學(xué)時(shí)還應(yīng)適當(dāng)講授科技英語(yǔ)的閱讀、翻譯和寫(xiě)作的基本知識(shí)和技巧，使學(xué)生能夠熟練翻譯相關(guān)的技術(shù)文章，并基本上可撰寫(xiě)一般性英文科技論文，特別是要掌握科技論文英文摘要的寫(xiě)作方法。

總之，在教學(xué)內(nèi)容上，要達(dá)到全面性、時(shí)效性、實(shí)用性的合理協(xié)調(diào)。教學(xué)進(jìn)度安排以及與專業(yè)課程的協(xié)調(diào)

計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教材的內(nèi)容通常是以計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)課程為單元編排的，如計(jì)算機(jī)硬件、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)原理等等。本科計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)通常是在三年級(jí)開(kāi)設(shè)，專科通常是在最后一學(xué)年開(kāi)設(shè)，此時(shí)學(xué)生有些專業(yè)課程還沒(méi)有學(xué)到，這樣就會(huì)增加對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)課文理解的難度。所以在教學(xué)進(jìn)度的安排上，要兼顧其它專業(yè)課程的教學(xué)進(jìn)度，對(duì)于學(xué)生沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò)的專業(yè)課程，由于在學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)應(yīng)的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)時(shí)，學(xué)生沒(méi)有該方面的概念，老師又不可能將理論原理講得很透徹，學(xué)生學(xué)起來(lái)可能會(huì)一頭霧水。對(duì)于已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的專業(yè)課程，再學(xué)習(xí)相應(yīng)的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)，其效果要好得多。另外還要考慮采用雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)的專業(yè)課程，合理靈活地安排課程內(nèi)容和進(jìn)度，不一定非要按照課本上的章節(jié)順序來(lái)進(jìn)行。

計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的一些特點(diǎn)(2)教學(xué)及輔助教學(xué)形式的多樣化

多媒體及其它現(xiàn)代技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于教學(xué)，利用這些技術(shù)可以使教學(xué)形式多樣化，獲得傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式難以獲得的良好的教學(xué)效果。除了傳統(tǒng)的板書(shū)教學(xué)外，還可以利用下列方式。

(1)PPT等課件。利用投映機(jī)播放PPT課件來(lái)講解課文，要比讓學(xué)生都低著頭看自己的課本講解，效果要好得多。

(2)音頻。目前部分計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)教材都提供了相應(yīng)課文的音頻材料，而且網(wǎng)上也有許多計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的聽(tīng)力材料，利用PC教師也可以自己錄制英語(yǔ)課文的錄音。利用音頻可以有效地鍛煉學(xué)生的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的聽(tīng)力和口語(yǔ)。

(3)視頻與動(dòng)畫(huà)。許多計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)網(wǎng)站上都有計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和知識(shí)的視頻材料，特別是一些著名的IT公司如IBM、Microsoft等公司的網(wǎng)站上，經(jīng)常及時(shí)地提供介紹其新技術(shù)和新產(chǎn)品的英文版視頻和動(dòng)畫(huà)，其發(fā)音純正，制作精美，形象直觀，時(shí)間通常為幾分鐘，介紹一種產(chǎn)品或技術(shù)的主要特點(diǎn)。觀看這類視頻短片或動(dòng)畫(huà)，提高了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣，學(xué)生既鍛煉了聽(tīng)力，同時(shí)也學(xué)到了新技術(shù)，所以效果非常好。

輔助教學(xué)對(duì)教學(xué)效果的影響非常重要，要想使學(xué)生很好地掌握計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)，除了課堂上的面對(duì)面的教學(xué)、交流外，還要充分利用其它的輔助教學(xué)手段。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的普及為我們提供了多種輔助教學(xué)方式。

(1)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程。教師可以在校園網(wǎng)上建立自己的計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程，將自己的教學(xué)課件等資料放在上面，教師可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程布置作業(yè)、上傳學(xué)習(xí)資料、答疑等。學(xué)生可以隨時(shí)訪問(wèn)學(xué)習(xí)，提交作業(yè)、提問(wèn)題等。網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程在校園內(nèi)已成為教師的一種重要的輔助教學(xué)平臺(tái)，也是學(xué)生重要的學(xué)習(xí)的平臺(tái)。

(2)博客。雖然博客近幾年才開(kāi)始興起，但已有許多教育工作者嘗試將其應(yīng)用于教育中，有的已取得了很好的效果。

目前許多網(wǎng)站都提供了免費(fèi)的博客空間，并有專門(mén)的“教師博客”、“學(xué)生博客”網(wǎng)站等用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育。博客的特點(diǎn)是網(wǎng)頁(yè)創(chuàng)建非常簡(jiǎn)單，且使用方便，空間免費(fèi)，無(wú)須個(gè)人維護(hù)?？梢宰鳛榻處煹妮o助教學(xué)平臺(tái)和學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)的平臺(tái)。如筆者創(chuàng)建的個(gè)人的計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)博客，可以方便地上傳計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)資料、作業(yè)等，同時(shí)不定期地開(kāi)展專業(yè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)專題討論，要求學(xué)生提問(wèn)題和發(fā)表評(píng)論必須使用英語(yǔ)，學(xué)生也非常樂(lè)于訪問(wèn)、交流，自然而然地提高了學(xué)生的計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)閱讀和表達(dá)能力，已成為一個(gè)重要的輔助教學(xué)方式。

(3)E-Mail。E-Mail作為一種日常的通信工具，筆者要求學(xué)生在向筆者發(fā)E-Mail全部使用英語(yǔ)，當(dāng)然給學(xué)生的回復(fù)也是英文的，通過(guò)這種方式，也可以有效地鍛煉學(xué)生的英文閱讀能力和寫(xiě)作能力，學(xué)生也樂(lè)

于以這種方式與老師交流，很好地配合了計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的教學(xué)。

另外網(wǎng)上有許多英文的計(jì)算機(jī)幽默短文和漫畫(huà)，在講解課文時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)刈寣W(xué)生看一則相關(guān)的計(jì)算機(jī)幽默(英文)或一幅計(jì)算機(jī)漫畫(huà)，可以活躍課堂氣氛，加深印象，寓教于樂(lè)。還有許多學(xué)生都喜歡聽(tīng)那些經(jīng)典的和流行的英文歌曲，雖然不是關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)的英文歌曲，但由于歌詞通常都很精煉，語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)明，學(xué)生也愛(ài)聽(tīng)，在課間休息時(shí)播放學(xué)生喜愛(ài)的英文歌曲，潛移默化，有助于其英語(yǔ)水平的提高。作業(yè)與考核

平時(shí)的作業(yè)和考核也是課程學(xué)習(xí)的重要部分，由于許多計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)教材在書(shū)后都提供了課文的參考譯文和練習(xí)答案，所以相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)生對(duì)課本上的作業(yè)習(xí)慣于抄答案，這樣一方面對(duì)學(xué)生沒(méi)有任何效果，另一方面也干擾了老師對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)情況的準(zhǔn)確了解。對(duì)此可以采用靈活的課下作業(yè)和考核方式。如將課外的計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)音頻資料提供給學(xué)生，安排在課下練習(xí)聽(tīng)力，下次上課利用幾分鐘來(lái)測(cè)試其效果。再如在課堂的最后幾分鐘安排隨堂的快速翻譯和寫(xiě)作，可以很好地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的快速閱讀和寫(xiě)作能力。筆者的實(shí)踐證明，這些方式效果很好，學(xué)生也很歡迎。結(jié)束語(yǔ)

雖然計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)通常是輔課，但學(xué)生通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)該課程，除了能進(jìn)一步提高其專業(yè)英語(yǔ)水平外，還可以豐富其專業(yè)知識(shí)，提高其就業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。所以學(xué)生對(duì)該課程的學(xué)習(xí)積極性是很高的。

要想很好地講授好一門(mén)課程，作為教師需要付出大量的心血，還要廣開(kāi)思路，不斷探索新的教學(xué)方法和技巧，提高教學(xué)效果，計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課程也是一樣。特別是語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)需要語(yǔ)境，教師要抓緊一切機(jī)會(huì)為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造條件，如在課下主動(dòng)用英語(yǔ)與學(xué)生交流，課堂上增加互動(dòng)，及時(shí)了解學(xué)生的意見(jiàn)等。當(dāng)然計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)涉及到教師、學(xué)生、與其它課程的協(xié)調(diào)等多種因素，要想方設(shè)法調(diào)動(dòng)各方面的積極因素，針對(duì)課程的特點(diǎn)，利用多種有效的教學(xué)方法和輔助教學(xué)手段，以獲得更好地教學(xué)效果。

The Analysis of Improvement of Government Executive Ability—

Abstract Government executive ability reflects the extent of the government strategy enforcing and the ability that government copes with public problems.Government executive ability is a complex systemic project, in which public policy play important and necessary roles.The public policy execution ability has a direct and profound impact on the enhancement of government executive ability.Thus, it is extremely

necessary and meaningful for us to analyze the government executive ability in the public policy perspective.Key words government executive ability, policy ability, policy means Introduction

Government executive ability is the government performance ability and execution extent of government strategy or scheme.Generally speaking, executive ability has the following special and important meanings.First of all, executive ability is the indemnification for the accomplishing of government strategic target.Any strategic target can’t be fulfilled without executive ability.The chief function of executive ability is to transform government strategic target into actual operable action.Well executive ability is the stable base for fulfilling strategic target.Secondly, executive ability reflects government abilities of administration and society management.Government governance efficacy is often embodied in the execution sections.The efficiency and the veracity reflects the level of government governance.Thirdly, executive ability is an efficient and key factor of consolidating of government’s validity and identify.Consequentially a government with well executive ability can win citizens’ trust and support.Because can better deal with all kinds of

public problems, improve citizens’ profit, make common people feel more self-important and full with hope.Fourthly, the improving of executive ability can help construction and development of government itself.Well executive ability is good for strengthening organization’s comity and responsibility consciousness.Fifthly, executive ability is the reflection of the ability of government adjustment and assign.Its elevation can enhance the ability of adjusting and conforming the recourses of government.The ability of conforming the recourses is the ability of collecting, harmonizing, managing the human, money, material, technology, idea and interpersonal relationship recourses.The purpose of the conformity is to change the recourses to the elevation of the government’s ability.The elevation of the government executive ability conduces to the elevation of the government’s ability in these fields.Sixth, the execution is the inspection and the revision of the government’s strategies.The processes of execution are the processes of results producing by the government’s strategies.Only through execution, the policy can be inspected and revised exactly.The executive ability is the inspection and reflection of the processes and results.The Public Policy Factor in Government Executive Ability

The public policy means the society public authority(mostly refers the

decision-maker of the public policy)constitutes the action plans or the choices to achieve a certain policy in a certain case.David Easten pointed out, “public policy is the authorizing distribution of the total society value.” This value is not only refers material, but the power, honor and status.Excerption for distributing the value, the policy distributes the society recourses.To achieve the strategy purposes, the government can distribute and assemble the society recourses such as human, money and material by policy.Thus we can clearly realize the relationship of the policy and the government.The relationship of the policy and the government is mainly in three aspects: First, policy is the carrier of the power, is the tool of the government governing.Francis Bacon pointed out that the right policy is in factor to complete ability needed by exerted the power.The ability is mainly expressed by winning support and agreement rather than conflict to obtain the authority and validity.It provides government a way to realize the validity.The form of the policy must be supported and agreed by the heart.The decision-maker must sense the necessity of establishing this kind of agreement.The policy is governor’s decision to obtain the balance of politic strength.Obviously, comparing the violence or the other governing methods(governance, rule), policy is a relative softy and rational governance tool.Not only authorities always declare their policy

is the result of rationally analyzing, the public is also inclined to expect to the government take the policy method when dealing with the public problems.In the hand, the policy provides authority for the government in the reason and evident.Of course, this only takes place in the relative democratic condition.Secondly, policy is the carrier of the government’s will.Decision-maker’s all kinds of “politic attempts” can be realized by the policy, such as settling conflicts, controlling discords and dissolving the other society problems.At the same time, the decision-maker regards the policy as the inspirit system of the government action, focusing on the aims of execution and offering the impetus for public execution.Of course, as government induces and inspirits the masses, it also inhibits and restricts them.Thirdly, policy is a government’s society management method or means.“Government using policy as the form and the measure, translates and utilizes the society recourses, macroscopically plans and deploys the society’s development, organizes the society economy activity, develops the education, science and culture and accumulate society, economy and culture.”

Policy is an important tool of government governance.The efficient of the tool affect the government’s activity directly.The policy ability’s good or not reflects government executive ability’s strong or not.The policy ability means as a tool, the degree of the policy adjusts its content.The policy ability in fact reflects the ability of government governance, which is a key index of the government executive ability.Government and policy depend on each other and elevate each other.l

The policy ability an important factor of government executive ability.Public policy is a main tool and means of government governing and management.Its operation(including policy instituting, policy executing, policy accessing, etc.)naturally is the important content of government activity whose majority part is policy planning, executing and accessing.So whether the policy ability can be carried out decides government executive ability.l

The incidence of public policy ability is restricted by the government executive ability.The effected scope of policy is limited by the government’s policy aim.The governance scope such as law, convention and counsel, should not be intervened and besides all these governance measures compose the government executive ability.On the contrary, the finite scope of the policy ability limited the government executive

ability’s extended scope, which often displays as to a same content the policy, only can adjust to a certain degree.The improvement of the government executive ability can help to increase the policy ability.The improvement of the government executive ability provide the policy’s constitution and execution a good guarantee of body, organization, leader and authority and can make the process of policy operation more smooth and effect, which elevate the policy ability.On this point, one thing, which should be mentioned specially, is that government execution and policy execution are two category concepts.Government execution is government carrying out the government strategies or purposes.It’s a section of government governance.Policy execution is the process of realizes the policy purpose with all kinds of resources.The execution of policy is a method of government governance---the execution and fulfilling section of public policy.Based on the perspective of public policy to analyze the weak government executive ability’s behavior and reasons

Actually not all of the government purposes or strategies will be realized.We can often find the government purpose or strategy be realized inadequately or defectively.An important reason of this situation is the

absence or weak of government executive ability.The weak government executive ability mainly includes: the benefit dispute between the center and the local, or the inner government departments, for their own partial benefit;the endless conflicts at the organization operation;block even break when government execution strategy(or policy);employer laziness;the public organization leader incapacity;the execution process distortion.The absence or weak of executive ability often behaves as the distortion of the execution process.It includes that the policy is inadequately or formally or selectively carried out.It virtually distorts the government strategy and policy.There are many reasons for the weak government executive ability.In the perspective of public policy, the analysis is following:

l

In government structure, the scope of policy ability is not accurate.Because of microscopic decision covers large, and the policy is not concrete and has multiply status, the dominating area of policy ability could not definite and often absent and superposition.Similarly, this is also the recourse of conflicts between center and local, among the department of the public organization.l

The setting of the strategy target(also the policy target)is not

reasonable.The strategy(or the policy)setting correctly is the precondition of the government effective execution.The strategy setting must meet following several requirements: subject, clear, concrete and feasible.l

Policy subject—government’s character orientation is wrong.Government is not omnipotent, and should not take on all the society things.The practice proved that the government’s character should do it should do or it can do, such as providing the public products, arranging the society security.The wrong orientation results in the disadvantage government execution.If the government takes part in the microscopic economy excessively, the government execution will be weakened even go to the impasse rather than strengthen it.l

The system has bug and the policy has not be standardized.The system provides the outer environment for the public policy.The defect of system often leads to the instable policy or other negative effects such as one thing managed by several departments.This obviously goes against the government strategy and policy and influences severely the government executive ability.The standardization of the strategy and policy stresses the clear of the content and the form, maintains their authority, stability and validity.Standardization means authority and

government executive ability.l

There is absent of supervising and evaluating of the policy.We can’t image that he huge government system is absent of supervise and only depending on the people’s consciousness to execution the public policy and government strategy.The practice proved time and again that the successful and the effective government execution must have a strong, unique and relatively independent administrative supervision.Evaluation is another supervision, an afterwards supervision.To evaluate the results of the policy is the main content of the supervision.l

The policy edges—“majority’s tyranny “, on the rule of minority obeying majority, the minority will be ignored or harmed when their benefit is not consistent to the majority.This actually makes the policy unfair and damages the validity and identification of government.l

The crisis management policy is absent.The crisis event is paroxysmal, urgent, limited information and instable.When it breaks out, government executive ability could not carry out effectively as the government’s recourses, including system, process and policy etc.are restricted.The Analysis of Improvement of Government Executive Ability—(2)Improving public policy ability，enhance government executive ability

For changing of the disadvantage of government executive ability, elevating the ability of government public policy will strengthen it.The measures are following.4.1 Based on the perspective of the process of policy

4.1.1 The ability of confirming and programming the policy problems is the premise of the ability of government crisis management.Accurately grasping the problems will be helpful for the pertinence and effect of the government activity.The pertinence will help to use the policy(government)resources reasonably and to bring to the policy effect adequately and so elevating the government executive ability.4.1.2 The key of elevation the government executive ability is elevation the policy executive ability.The policy execution is relative to the realization of government’s intention and purpose and relative to

government executive ability.In another word, the degree and effect of the execution is represented the government executive ability.4.1.3 The ability of policy establishment is the safeguard and confirmation of the elevation of government executive ability.Policy establishment will judge the effect of the policy’s value after execution.According to the result, decision-maker can determine that if the certain policy should continue, adjust or end.Either to re-establish the resources or adjust the policy will affect government executive ability.4.2 Based on the perspective of the policy subject—government

4.2.1 The policy subject—government’s authority and credit is the safeguard of the policy ability.Elevation the validity and identity of the policy subject leads to actualize the government strategy.When the government’s validity and identity is high, the policy will actualize smoothly, and the public will cooperate and support.Similarly, the favorable government executive ability is rooted in the understanding and consent of the public whose obedience is the resources of authority.4.2.2 On the other hand, the government’s limited sense, subjective tendency and selfish will erode the policy ability.The justness and the

validity of the policy subject is the guarantee of the effective policy execution.The object factor(such as information)and the limit of itself make the government can’t absolutely sense when it make decision, and the selfish and tendency destroy its policy ability.The solution is democracy decision and public participation, which will elevate the level of the decision-make and the effect of the policy execution, and as a result, elevate the government executive ability.4.3 Based on the perspective of policy resources(or outer limiting condition of policy)

4.3.1 The current society system structure and the inertia of the institution limit the policy ability.Either a new policy or adjusting the old policy is the re-distribution of the society resources and values, which certainly will change the current benefit relationship and function status.These all will resist the change.So analyzing and harmonizing the current relative connection and the benefit structure will elevate the policy ability and government executive ability.4.3.2 The contradiction and balance of the government governance measures confirms the elevation of the policy ability.The government governance measures not only include policy, but also include national

system, laws and regulations, moral ethics, manners and customs which have their own character and applying area, and will make the policy recourse applying more effectively.4.3.3 The policy’s implicit effect should be recognized, the symbolic functions should be focuses and the government’s standardizing, inspiriting and leading ability should be elevated.The explicit target and function of policy mainly resolve the public problems and harmonize the society contradictions.It’s direct and clear.And the implicit and symbolic function has particular effect in the government executive ability, which is indirect and potential, such as politic lectures, counsels, communication and politician demonstration.4.4 Based on the perspective of the form of policy analysis

To strengthen the government executive ability should elevate the following public policy’s three aspects:

4.4.1 To elevate the policy’s standardization.This will increase the policy ability and government executive ability.The standardization includes three factors: “authority boundary, clear boundary which can be delivered and communicated, and the boundary can be maintained by enough

recourses and conditions.”The policy’s standardization will increase the policy effectiveness and government executive ability.4.4.2 To elevate the policy’s propagable ability.The policy propagable ability includes three points: understandable, the unhindered approach and the proper measures, the efficiency of the results.The analysis must be done to confirm if the policy is necessary and if it according to the public.4.4.3 To elevate the policy’s harmony.This can elevate the government executive ability.There must be correspondence, consistent and adaptability between the policy system and society system, inner the policy system to ensure the harmony of the policy targets or government execution.Thus policy ability and government executive ability will be elevated.4.5 Based on the perspective of policy means and tools

The policy tools are the measures and approaches the government taken to solve the public problem or realize the policy target.“They are government’s activity and the system which adjust the government’s activity by a certain approach.” The policy tools are the bridge between

the government’s targets and results.The choice of them is important to reach the certain target.In another word, the choice and usage of the policy tools decide the efficient of the policy ability itself.After all, policy ability reflects the degree of the policy adjusting the policy content as measures.To some degree, policy means and tools are the effectiveness of the policy ability.Of course, policy tools as an activity of government;they will affect the government executive ability.Policy tools are divided to the following types:

l

Economy tools such as the introduction of marketization, definition of property, commission others the service etc.l

Administration tools such as regulations, orders, directions, etc.l

Education or society tools such as counsels, explains, lectures, information promulgation etc.Similarly, policy’s success is not decided by the designer and executor, but by the target crowds.The key factor is the public’s adoption and acceptance.So, the elevation of government executive ability lies on the communication with policy objects(the objects of policy tools pointing to).Conclusions

Public policy is an effective and necessary governance tool for governments, and an important part of the government executive ability.It is a soft factor of government executive ability.Public policy ability will be enhanced through optimizing the structure of public policy, improving the process of public policy, standardizing the form of public policy and the main content of the policy itself, thereby the government executive ability will be improved too.References

[1] Xie Ming.Conspectus of Policy Analysis.Beijing.China Renmin University Press，2004, p.23

[2] Ning Sao.Study in pubic policy.Beijing.Higher Education Press.2004, p.247

[3] Li Chengyan.Policy Analysis of Clean-fingered Government.Beijing.Peking University Press.2002, p.89-131(in Chinese)

[4] Owen E.Hughes.Conspectus of Pubic administration China Renmin University Press，2001, p.99

[5] Chen Zhenming.Pubic Policy Analysis.Beijing.China Renmin University Press，2004

[6] Yu Bo, Zhou BaiChun.The Analysis about Public Policy Execution and Influences Factor.The Journal of Administrative Forum.2005.No.4

[7] Zhao ZeHong, Zheng YuanFang.The Negative Factors of Public Execution and Rectifying.The Journal of Yunnan Administration College.2004 No.1

[8] Zhuang Guobo, The Analysis about Handicaps in Public Policy Execution and Discussion Response Countermeasures.The Journal of Theory Discussion.2004 No.6

第二篇：計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)總結(jié)

In this semester, I have been in the computer professional English to learn the computer hardware, computer software, programming language, database, multimedia and computer network.I know a lot of computer English??！!

In computer hardware, I learned to use English to express input and output devices, I know the CPU is the brains of the computer, memory is the storage is processing procedure and program used by the data of the amount of place.Memory and divided into RAM and ROM??！!

Computer software, divided into system software and application software, computer management system software is the internal resources software.Tell the computer hardware to do something, what to do, when to do it.System software into four categories: operating systems, utilities, device drivers and language an emulator.Perform specific tasks software, we called application software!Can help us do a lot of different task!

The program design language: program is guiding computer to complete the required data processing task of a set of instructions and language, programming language into machine language, assemble language and high level language, object-oriented programming language.As we have learned, VB language C.The computer network is a computer together, form a mutual

communication between the network.According to regional range in size, the network class is divided into lans, mans, WAN.And the Internet is a global network!

I think of this term's professional English lesson I learned many things！！!

09計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用（1）班 陳志剛 04號(hào)

在這個(gè)學(xué)期，我已經(jīng)在計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)了計(jì)算機(jī)硬件，計(jì)算機(jī)軟件、程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、多媒體和計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。我懂得了很多計(jì)算機(jī)方面的英語(yǔ)！

在計(jì)算機(jī)硬件，我學(xué)會(huì)了用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)輸入和輸出的設(shè)備，我懂得CPU是計(jì)算機(jī)的大腦，內(nèi)存是存儲(chǔ)正在處理的程序和程序所使用的數(shù)據(jù)額的地方。內(nèi)存又分為RAM和ROM!

計(jì)算機(jī)軟件方面，分為系統(tǒng)軟件和應(yīng)用軟件，系統(tǒng)軟件是計(jì)算機(jī)管理其內(nèi)部資源的軟件。告訴計(jì)算機(jī)硬件做些什么，怎么去做、何時(shí)去做。系統(tǒng)軟件分為四類：操作系統(tǒng)，實(shí)用程序，設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序和語(yǔ)言翻譯器。執(zhí)行具體任務(wù)的軟件，我們稱為應(yīng)用軟件！能夠幫助我們完成大量不同的任務(wù)！

程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言：程序是指導(dǎo)計(jì)算機(jī)完成所要求的數(shù)據(jù)處理任務(wù)的一系列指令和語(yǔ)言，程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言分為機(jī)器語(yǔ)言、匯編語(yǔ)言、高級(jí)語(yǔ)言、面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言。像我們所學(xué)的C語(yǔ)言、VB。

計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)就是把計(jì)算機(jī)連在一起，形成一個(gè)相互間相互通信的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。根據(jù)地域范圍大小，網(wǎng)絡(luò)課分為L(zhǎng)AN、MAN、WAN。和因特網(wǎng)是全球性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)！

我覺(jué)得這個(gè)學(xué)期的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課我學(xué)到了很多東西！

09計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用（1）班陳志剛 04號(hào)

第三篇：計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)感想

計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)感想

光陰飛逝，我為期一個(gè)學(xué)期的計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)課程也步入了尾聲。不得不說(shuō)，在這門(mén)課的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，我收獲頗豐。

不得不說(shuō)，最令人難忘的還是老師留給我們的兩個(gè)大作業(yè)。首先是presentation，說(shuō)實(shí)話，上大學(xué)這么久，真正給我們自己上臺(tái)演講ppt的機(jī)會(huì)其實(shí)很少。一開(kāi)始對(duì)ppt的認(rèn)識(shí)就是一個(gè)有圖的講稿，要講的內(nèi)容都呈現(xiàn)在ppt里面，演講的時(shí)候完全照ppt來(lái)說(shuō)即可?？墒抢蠋煾嬖V我們，ppt的制作其實(shí)有很多學(xué)問(wèn)。最首要的一點(diǎn)就是：ppt不應(yīng)該是密密麻麻的文字，而應(yīng)該是圖文并茂，以圖為主，力求生動(dòng)。講的時(shí)候也應(yīng)該結(jié)合ppt的內(nèi)容，而不只是念講稿。就連ppt文字顏色的選擇，也很有學(xué)問(wèn)。字體顏色必須與ppt背景色有明顯區(qū)別，否則演示效果不會(huì)很好。

翻譯作業(yè)也是一項(xiàng)耗時(shí)巨大的工程。起初我覺(jué)得翻譯幾頁(yè)紙沒(méi)有什么大問(wèn)題，真正開(kāi)始，才覺(jué)得十分費(fèi)神。我們組的題目是多媒體事件檢測(cè)。雖然我自詡為新人類，對(duì)多媒體之類的話題和專業(yè)詞匯也頗有了解，但是當(dāng)我們組拿到作業(yè)的一刻，我連摘要也花了好幾分鐘來(lái)理解。單詞全認(rèn)識(shí)，語(yǔ)法也沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，但是連起來(lái)是什么意思就不動(dòng)了。有些詞匯雖然常見(jiàn)，可是也往往也不是我所熟知的意思。我覺(jué)得這也許就是專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的魅力。下面是我的一些具體體會(huì)：

1.要有耐心?？从⑽膶I(yè)文獻(xiàn)是一件比較枯燥的事情，畢竟它除了語(yǔ)言不通的問(wèn)題，還有專業(yè)詞匯所固有的晦澀。只有耐下性子來(lái)細(xì)看，才能真正理解。

2.學(xué)會(huì)意譯。理解才是翻譯的精髓。在翻譯時(shí)除了準(zhǔn)確這一要素以外，意思的傳達(dá)也很重要，有時(shí)候可以根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，來(lái)意譯中間語(yǔ)句的意思。

對(duì)于我們翻譯的內(nèi)容，我也有一些理解。這篇文章旨在為根據(jù)視頻內(nèi)容搜索視頻提供方法，主要實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩方面的功能：文本搜索和樣本視頻搜索。前者是用戶輸入描述視頻的文本，搜索引擎能夠智能根據(jù)與內(nèi)容的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行排序；后者是用戶提供一段樣本視頻，引擎分析其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行檢索。我覺(jué)得這是一個(gè)很有意義的領(lǐng)域，我們的翻譯也盡了最大的努力，希望能為這篇文章的理解提供思路。

第四篇：計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)介紹信

Computer Department

ZheJiang Financial College

Hangzhou,zheJiang

Peopoe’s Republic of China

June 3, 2011

Vince innovative software

technology Co., LTD

A325 chamber,seat E

eastern communications city

Dongxin Road

BinJiang,HangZhou,310007

Dear Sir/Madam:

I am glad to hear that you are seek一ng a Network administrator.I would like to apply for the situation.Next year I will graduate from ZheJiang Financial College in 2012.I had studied in college for three years.The main course I had studied include ASP programming Language,web design, linux operating system, Network Information Architecture, Network security and virus prevention,and so on.I passed the high-tech certification, authentication trends, English B-level and other certificates。And the computer languages I have learned and practiced include C Language, ASP Language program design, Visual Basic and Assembly Language.I would be happy to come for an interview at your convenience to discuss my qualifications in person.Thank you for your time and trouble.Hoping to hear you soon.Yours respectfully,lan

第五篇：計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱

《計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》課程教學(xué)大綱

總學(xué)時(shí)：22

一、課程任務(wù)與目的

本課程的任務(wù)和目的是通過(guò)對(duì)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)，能夠正確理解計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上出現(xiàn)的英文信息，掌握計(jì)算機(jī)構(gòu)件相關(guān)的英語(yǔ)詞匯，以便能及時(shí)的處理計(jì)算機(jī)上出現(xiàn)的各種問(wèn)題。

二、課程內(nèi)容與基本要求

課題：

1、計(jì)算機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介及發(fā)展

知識(shí)： ⑴計(jì)算機(jī)歷史、基本原理、發(fā)展知識(shí)的英文理解，以及相關(guān)的基本專業(yè)詞匯；

⑵英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：定語(yǔ)從句。

能力： ⑴了解計(jì)算機(jī)最基本知識(shí)與專業(yè)詞匯；

⑵學(xué)生通過(guò)不同的閱讀形式提高用英語(yǔ)思考和理解問(wèn)題與掌握文章內(nèi)容的能力。評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：⑴能正確理解計(jì)算機(jī)基本原理的文章與詞匯，正確回答問(wèn)題；

⑵理解科技英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句。

學(xué)時(shí)：4

課題：

2、計(jì)算機(jī)組成與結(jié)構(gòu)

知識(shí)：⑴計(jì)算機(jī)的組成與結(jié)構(gòu)的基本知識(shí)的英文理解，以及相關(guān)的基本專業(yè)詞匯；

⑵英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：分詞。

能力：⑴了解計(jì)算機(jī)組成與體系結(jié)構(gòu)最基本知識(shí)與專業(yè)詞匯；

⑵學(xué)生通過(guò)不同的閱讀形式提高用英語(yǔ)思考和理解問(wèn)題，掌握文章內(nèi)容的能力。評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：⑴能正確理解計(jì)算機(jī)組成與結(jié)構(gòu)文章內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題；

⑵理解科技英語(yǔ)中的分詞。

學(xué)時(shí)： 4

課題：

3、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)原理與發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)介

知識(shí)：⑴數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)基本知識(shí)的英文理解，以及相關(guān)的基本專業(yè)詞匯；

⑵英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：不定式。

能力：⑴了解數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)最基本知識(shí)與專業(yè)詞匯；

⑵具有掌握計(jì)算機(jī)常用英語(yǔ)詞匯的類別及其構(gòu)成規(guī)律的能力。評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：⑴能正確理解文章內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題；

⑵能熟悉常用詞的分類，正確使用合成法、轉(zhuǎn)換法、派生法。理解科技英語(yǔ)中的不定式。學(xué)時(shí)： 4

課題：

4、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

知識(shí)：⑴計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的英文理解，以及相關(guān)的基本專業(yè)詞匯；

⑵英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：倒裝。

能力：⑴具有理解計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全軟件常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)信息的能力；

⑵學(xué)生通過(guò)不同的閱讀形式提高用英語(yǔ)思考和理解問(wèn)題，掌握文章內(nèi)容的能力。評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：⑴能正確理解計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全軟件常出現(xiàn)的英文信息；

⑵理解科技英語(yǔ)中的倒裝。

學(xué)時(shí)： 4

課題：

5、多媒體基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)介紹

知識(shí)：⑴多媒體基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的英文理解，以及相關(guān)的基本專業(yè)詞匯；

⑵英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：虛擬語(yǔ)氣

能力：⑴具有識(shí)別多媒體設(shè)備極其英語(yǔ)信息的能力；

⑵學(xué)生通過(guò)不同的閱讀形式提高用英語(yǔ)思考和理解問(wèn)題，掌握文章內(nèi)容的能力。評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：⑴能正確識(shí)別多媒體設(shè)備出現(xiàn)英文信息；

⑵理解科技英語(yǔ)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

學(xué)時(shí)： 4

三、有關(guān)說(shuō)明

本課程是計(jì)算機(jī)文化基礎(chǔ)，教學(xué)中應(yīng)適當(dāng)安排口語(yǔ)練習(xí)及提問(wèn)，保證一定作業(yè)量。本大綱的內(nèi)容和課時(shí)可按照學(xué)生實(shí)際情況適當(dāng)調(diào)整，教學(xué)中應(yīng)采用討論式等多種教學(xué)方法和手段，以提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，達(dá)到更好的教學(xué)效果。

四、考核方式與要求

1．本課程為考查課，考核方式采用翻譯為主的考試方式，要求學(xué)生掌握基本的計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)詞匯以及理解計(jì)算機(jī)文獻(xiàn)。

2．課程考核：平時(shí)（30%）+期末理論考試（70%）。

3．平時(shí)成績(jī)依據(jù)考勤、作業(yè)、課堂提問(wèn)情況以及學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度進(jìn)行評(píng)定。

五、教材與參考書(shū)

1．建議教材 《計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》 2．教學(xué)參考書(shū)

《計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》 河南機(jī)電高等?？茖W(xué)校自編教材 《計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué) 《計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》 南開(kāi)大學(xué)