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      小學(xué)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課——介詞教案

      時(shí)間:2019-05-12 23:45:43下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫寫幫文庫(kù)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《小學(xué)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課——介詞教案》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫(kù)還可以找到更多《小學(xué)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課——介詞教案》。

      第一篇:小學(xué)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課——介詞教案

      小學(xué)英語(yǔ)介詞總結(jié)

      介詞(Preposition)

      一、概述

      介詞是英語(yǔ)中很活躍的詞,一般置于名詞之前。它常和名詞或名詞性詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。同一個(gè)介詞常和不同的詞語(yǔ)搭配形成固定搭配,表示不同意義。

      二、常用介詞的基本用法 at

      ①表示時(shí)間: I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。②表示在某一具體地點(diǎn): He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽車站。③表示動(dòng)作的方向、目標(biāo): Let me have a look at the picture 讓我看看這幅圖。④用于某些固定搭配: at once 立刻、馬上

      at last 最后

      at the same time 同時(shí)

      at first 開(kāi)始時(shí)

      not at all 一點(diǎn)也不

      about

      ①表示大約時(shí)間: I's about six o'clock now.現(xiàn)在大約6點(diǎn)鐘了。

      ②表示地點(diǎn);在……周圍: Everthing about me is so beautiful 我周圍的一切都那么美好。

      ③關(guān)于,對(duì)于: We are talking about the news.我們正在談?wù)撔侣劇?/p>

      after

      ①在……之后: After dinner I watch TV.晚飯后我看電視。

      ②在……后面: He came into the room after me.他在我后面進(jìn)了房間。

      behind

      ①在……之后: There is a bike behind the tree.樹(shù)后有一輛自行車 ②比……晚,遲于: The train is behind time.火車晚點(diǎn)了

      by

      ①在……旁: He is sitting by the bed.他正坐在床邊。

      ②到……時(shí)候: We have learned three English songs by now.到現(xiàn)在為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了三首英文歌曲。

      ③以……方式: I go to school by bus.我乘公共汽車去上學(xué)。

      ④用于某些固定搭配: one by one 一個(gè)接一個(gè) by the way 順便說(shuō)一句

      for

      ①為,給,替: I'll make a card for my teacher.我要給老師做張卡片。②由于: Thank you for helping me.謝謝你幫我。

      ③表示給(某人)用的: There is letter for you.這兒有你一封信。

      in

      ①在……里面: The pencil is in the desk.鉛筆在課桌里。

      ②在一段時(shí)間里: We have four classes in the morning.我們上午有四節(jié)課。③用,以: What's this in English? 這用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)?

      ④在某一年份,季節(jié),月份: in 2002, in spring, in January ⑤表示狀態(tài),服飾: Helen is in yellow.海倫身穿黃色衣服。⑥在……方面: He is weak in English.他的英語(yǔ)不行。⑦用于某些固定搭配: in front of

      在……前面

      in the end

      最后

      in time

      及時(shí)

      like

      ①像……樣: He looks like his father.他像他的父親。②這樣,那樣: Don't look at me like that.別那樣看著我。③怎樣: What's the weather like? 天氣怎樣。

      near

      靠近,在……附近: My bed is near the window.我的床在窗戶旁。

      of

      ①的(表示所屬關(guān)系): This is a photo of my family.這是一張我家的照片。②……的(用于所有格): He is a friend of mine.他是我的一個(gè)朋友。

      ③表示數(shù)量(與連詞連用): One of us is from Beijing.我們中有一個(gè)來(lái)自北京 ④想到,談到: I often think of them.我常常想到他們。⑤用于某些固定搭配: of course

      當(dāng)然

      because of

      因?yàn)?,由?/p>

      on

      ①在……上面: There are some apple on the tree.樹(shù)上有些蘋果。

      ②在(星期)天,在某天的上午(下午,晚上): They go to English class on Sunday.星期天他們?nèi)ド嫌⒄Z(yǔ)課。

      I left Beijing on the morning of May 1.我在5月1日早上離開(kāi)北京。③用于某些固定搭配: on duty

      值日

      on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)

      over

      ①在……正上方: There is a lamp over the table.桌子上方有一盞燈。②遍及,穿過(guò): There is a bridge over the river.有座橋橫跨那條河。③超過(guò),不止: She is a little over 2.她兩歲多了。

      to

      ①到,往,向: He walks to the window.他走向窗戶。②表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量,到……為止 Please count from ten to thirty.請(qǐng)從10數(shù)到30.③向,對(duì),給: Happy New Year to you all.大家新年好。

      under

      What's under your desk? 你書桌底下是什么?

      with

      ①和,寫: Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家嗎?

      ②表示伴隨狀態(tài),帶有: Who's that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是誰(shuí)?

      三、介詞的固定搭配 1)介詞和名詞的連用 2)動(dòng)詞和介詞的連用 at arrive at/in 到達(dá)

      at first 起初;開(kāi)始 get off 下車

      at last 最后 help sb.With sth.幫組某人做某事 at school 在上課,在上學(xué) ask for 請(qǐng)求 at the moment 此刻 get up 起床

      at home 在家;無(wú)拘束 laugh at 嘲笑 at present 現(xiàn)在 learn from 向……學(xué)習(xí)at work 上班,在工作 look after 照顧 at the same time 同時(shí) look for 尋找

      think for 想到

      on worry about 擔(dān)心 on duty 值日 listen to 聽(tīng)

      on holiday 度假 look at 看;注視 on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) talk about 交談;談

      on the left/right 在左/右邊 wait for 等候;等 on the radio 在廣播中 thank for 為……而感謝 on foot 步行

      on sale 出售;降價(jià)出售 3)形容詞和介詞連用 on TV 在電視上播放 be afraid of 害怕

      on the phone 在電話中 be careful with 小心;關(guān)心 on the way 在路上 be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣

      be good at 善于

      in be proud of 感到自豪

      in all 總體 be crazy about 酷愛(ài)

      in class 在課堂上 be late for 干某事遲到 in English 用英語(yǔ) be good for 對(duì)……有利 in short 總之 4)其他

      in a hurry 匆忙地 by+交通工具

      in the end 最后 by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land… in bed 躺在床上 lots of/a lot of 許多,大量 in danger 在危險(xiǎn)中 at most 至多 in fact 事實(shí)上 at least 至少

      in time 及時(shí)地 at once 立刻;馬上 in a minute 立刻 in order to 為了

      介詞用法

      1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)介詞at,in與on在時(shí)間方面的用法

      at表示時(shí)間的一點(diǎn);in表示一個(gè)時(shí)期;on表示特殊日子。如:

      He goes to school at seven o’clock in the morning.他早晨七點(diǎn)上學(xué)。

      Can you finish the work in two days.你能在兩天內(nèi)完成這個(gè)工作嗎?

      Linda was born on the second of May.琳達(dá)五月二日出生。

      1>.at后常接幾點(diǎn)幾分,天明,中午,日出,日落,開(kāi)始等。如: at five o’clock(五點(diǎn)),at down(黎明),at daybreak(天亮),at sunrise(日出),at noon(中午),at sunset(日落),at midnight(半夜),at the beginning of the month(月初),at that time(那時(shí)),at that moment(那會(huì)兒),at this time of day(在一天的這個(gè)時(shí)候)。

      2>.in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季節(jié),世紀(jì)等。如:

      in 2006(2006年),in May,2004(2004年五月),in the morning(早晨/上午),in the afternoon(下午),in the evening(晚上),in the night(夜晚),in the daytime(白天),in the 21st century(21世紀(jì)),in three days(weeks/month)三天(周/個(gè)月),in a week(一周),in spring(春季)。

      3>.on后常接某日,星期幾,某日或某周日的朝夕,節(jié)日等。如:

      on Sunday(星期日),on a warm morning in April(四月的一個(gè)溫暖的上午),on a December night(12月的一個(gè)夜晚),on that afternoon(那天下午),on the following night(下一個(gè)晚上),on Christmas afternoon(圣誕節(jié)下午),on October 1,1949(1949年10月1日),on New Year’s Day(新年),on New Year’s Eve(除夕),on the morning of the 15th(15日的早上)等。

      介詞 for 的用法小結(jié)

      1.表示“當(dāng)作、作為”。如:

      I like some bread and milk for breakfast.我喜歡把面包和牛奶作為早餐。

      What will we have for supper? 我們晚餐吃什么?

      2.表示理由或原因,意為“因?yàn)?、由于”。?

      Thank you for helping me with my English.謝謝你幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。

      Thank you for your last letter.謝謝你上次的來(lái)信。

      Thank you for teaching us so well.感謝你如此盡心地教我們。

      3.表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或接受者,意為“給……”、“對(duì)……(而言)”。如:

      Let me pick it up for you.讓我為你撿起來(lái)。

      Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看電視太多有害于你的健康。

      4.表示時(shí)間、距離,意為“計(jì)、達(dá)”。如:

      I usually do the running for an hour in the morning.我早晨通常跑步一小時(shí)。

      We will stay there for two days.我們將在那里逗留兩天。

      5.表示去向、目的,意為“向、往、取、買”等。如:

      Let’s go for a walk.我們出去散步吧。

      I came here for my schoolbag.我來(lái)這兒取書包。

      I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary.我花了20元買這本詞典。

      6.表示所屬關(guān)系或用途,意為“為、適于……的”。如:

      It’s time for school.到上學(xué)的時(shí)間了。

      Here is a letter for you.這兒有你的一封信。

      7.表示“支持、贊成”。如:

      Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持還是反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃?

      8.用于一些固定搭配中。如:

      Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰(shuí)?

      For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher.比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老師。

      第二篇:小學(xué)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課——代詞教案

      代詞

      代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。

      一、人稱代詞是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見(jiàn)下表:

      數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)

      主格 賓格

      主格

      賓格

      第一人稱 I

      me we

      us

      第二人稱 you

      you

      you

      you

      he

      him they them

      第三人稱 she

      her they them

      it

      it

      they them

      如:He is my friend.他是我的朋友。

      It’s me.是我。

      二、物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種,其人物和數(shù)的變化見(jiàn)下表。

      數(shù)

      單數(shù)

      復(fù)數(shù)

      人稱 第一 第二 第三

      第一 第二 第三

      形容詞性 my your his/her its

      our your/their

      物主代詞

      名詞性 mine yours his/hers its

      ours yours/theirs

      物主代詞

      如:Ilikehiscar.我喜歡他的小汽車。

      Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.我們的學(xué)校在這兒,他們的在那兒。

      三、指示代詞表示“那個(gè)”、“這個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this,that,these,those等。

      如:Thatisagoodidea.那是個(gè)好主意。

      四、表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我們自己”、“你們自己”和“他們自己”等的代詞,叫做自身代詞,也稱為“反身代詞”。

      如:Shewastalkingtoherself.她自言自語(yǔ)。

      五、表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞,有eachother和oneanother兩組,但在運(yùn)用中,這兩組詞沒(méi)什么區(qū)別。

      如:Theyloveeachother.他們彼此相愛(ài)。

      六、不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見(jiàn)的不定代詞有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代詞,如anybody,something,noone。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),但none和由some,any,no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);every和no只能作定語(yǔ)。如:

      ---Doyouhaveacar?--你有一輛小汽車嗎?

      ---Yes,Ihaveone.--是的,我有一輛。

      ---Idon’tknowanyofthem.他們,我一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識(shí)。

      七、疑問(wèn)代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞都可用作連接代詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句)

      如:Tellmewhoheis.告訴我他是誰(shuí)。

      八、關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞(通稱為先行詞)。

      如:Heisthemanwhomyouhavebeenlookingfor.他就是你要找的那個(gè)人.===============================

      人稱代詞的用法:1,主格作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ): She and Tom are good friends.It's she who wants it.2.賓格作及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ),還可作表語(yǔ).Aunt Li took care of us.Who is knocking at the door It's me.物主代詞的用法:

      形容詞性物主代詞只能做定語(yǔ),修飾名詞,相當(dāng)于形容詞.My mother is a nurse in a hospital.Their teacher is coming here.名詞性物主代詞可以做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于名詞.This is my pen, yours is lost.(yours=your pen)

      The best composition is hers.(hers= her composition)I can't find my ruler, I have to use hers.(hers = her ruler)反身代詞的用法:

      反身代詞表示主語(yǔ)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作落在主語(yǔ)自己身上,或用來(lái)加強(qiáng)名詞或代詞的語(yǔ)氣.作主語(yǔ):I hope he didn't hurt herself.She taught herself English.同位語(yǔ): You yourself said so.You can do it yourself.常與以下動(dòng)詞連用:

      hurt, dress, enjoy, say to, talk to, teach, wash, help

      還可以與介詞連用:by oneself [自己(不需要?jiǎng)e人幫忙)] for oneself(替自己,為自己)to oneself(供自己用)不定代詞及用法:

      (一)可分為普 通不定代詞,個(gè)體不定代詞和數(shù)量不定代詞:

      通不定代詞:some, any, no, somebody, nobody, anybody, someone, anyone, no one, something,anything, nothing, one

      個(gè)體不定代詞:all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, everybody, everyone, everything 數(shù)量不定代詞:many, much, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, lots of(二)普通不定代詞的用法(部分):

      some一般用于肯定句, 當(dāng)預(yù)期對(duì)方作肯定回答時(shí)也用于疑問(wèn)句: Could you please give me some information about ir 還用于表示要求和提供某物的句子: Would you like some tea

      2.any 的用法:(1)用于否定句及含有否定意義詞(hardly, never, no)的句子中: I have hardly any time.(2)用于疑問(wèn)句中和條件句中: Do you see any birds in the tree

      (3)some, any, no, 與 one, thing, body 構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法:這些代詞都表示單數(shù)的概念,some, any與one, thing, body構(gòu)成的合成詞的區(qū)別與和的用法基本相同.There is someone looking for you outside.If you want anything, call me, please.這些代詞如被定語(yǔ)修飾, 應(yīng)放在定語(yǔ)前,如被else修飾,也放在else前: Is there anything new in the newspaper

      I'm afraid I can't help you, you'd better ask someone else.3.other, another 的用法:

      兩者均可指人,也可指物,other 意為 “另外”,不確指,需要確指時(shí)前加定冠詞the, the other,意為 another“另一個(gè)”:

      other:(1)后跟名詞(單,復(fù)),泛指 “別的,其他的”

      The Great Wall is longer than any other wall in the world.I'll go swimming with other friends tomorrow.the other后跟名詞單或數(shù),或后不跟名詞, 特指兩者中的另一個(gè): At last we got the other side of the river.Thirty are girls and the other students are boys in our class.I have two pens, one is blue and the other is red.(3)others 后不加名詞,泛指另外一些別的人或事物;the others 特指其余所有的人或事物: Some of us like playing table-tennis, and others like playing basketball.Thirty in our class are girls, and the others are boys.(4)泛指三者以上的 “一些”不用加the, 用 “some….others”的形式: Some people like it, others not.another:

      泛指另一個(gè),不與the連用,只能跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù): I don't like this one, will you please show me another We asked him to sing us another song.4.both, either, neither的用法:他們均用于兩者之間,neither, either用做單數(shù),both用做復(fù)數(shù), both:肯定句中表示“兩者都”,用于否定句中表示 “兩者不都”,即部分否定: Both of the sisters are good at English.]

      Not both of them are good at English.(One is good at English, the other isn't.)I don't know both his brothers.(I only know one of them.)Both,,and,, 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù): Both my bothers and I are teachers.(2)neither: 表示“兩個(gè)都不”, either表示“兩個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)”, neither是 either的否定形式,兩者均表示單數(shù)形式,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式:

      Either you or he is right.Neither he nor you is right.neither是both的反義詞,做形容詞時(shí)與單數(shù)名詞連用,不用the: Neither pen writes good.= Neither of the pens writes good.Neither…nor…, either…or….Eihter you or I am right.Nether you nor I am right.=Both you and I are right.5.(a)little, much,(a)few, many 的用法:

      little “很少”表否定, a little “少許”表肯定, much= not a little: I know little about him.我不了解他.I know much about him.我對(duì)他很了解.There is little to be done, is there There is a little to be done, isn't there 在對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞提問(wèn)時(shí)要用how much:

      I spent a lot of money on books.How much did you spend on books

      as little as “盡可能少的” as much as “ 盡可能多的” as… as…結(jié)構(gòu)中不用 a little

      Few 表示 “很少” 表否定含義, a few “有一些”表肯定含義, many= not a few “"許多,不少, 這三個(gè)詞用于修飾可數(shù)名詞:

      Few of us understand our teacher.A few of us understand our teacher.His book has few readers, does it His book has a few readers, doesn't it

      as few as ”盡可能少“ as many as ”和……一樣多" as…as….結(jié)構(gòu)中不用a few

      物主代詞實(shí)際上是人稱代詞的所有格形式。根據(jù)其句法作用,物主代詞可以分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。形容詞性物主代詞一定要后接名詞(如:This is my book.這是我的書。),名詞性物主代詞可以獨(dú)立使用,無(wú)需后接名詞(如:This book is mine.這本書是我的。)。

      5.3.1 形容詞性物主代詞的基本用法

      形容詞性物主代詞一般位于名詞前,用作定語(yǔ),限定該名詞的意義。例如:

      My name is John Green.我叫約翰·格林。

      Excuse me, is this your car? 對(duì)不起,這是您的車嗎?

      His parents are in England.他的父母在英國(guó)。

      They wash their faces every day.他們每天都洗臉。(本句中的their無(wú)須譯出)

      5.3.2 名詞性物主代詞的基本用法

      ⑴ 名詞性物主代詞在句中獨(dú)立使用,即不后接名詞,其句法作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。例如:

      Ours is a great country.我們的國(guó)家是一個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家。(用作主語(yǔ),一般用于正式文體)

      I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours? 我忘了帶詞典,我可以用一下你的嗎?(用作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))

      He wasn’t in my room.He might be in his.他(剛才)不在我的房間。他可能在自己的房間。(用作介詞的賓語(yǔ))

      Whose book is this? — It’s hers.這是誰(shuí)的書?——是她的。(用作表語(yǔ))

      Jack is a friend of mine.杰克是我的一個(gè)朋友。(用于雙重所有格)

      ⑵ 名詞性物主代詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)隨所指者的數(shù)而定。例如:

      Is this pencil yours or hers? — It’s mine.Hers is in her bag.(Hers = Her pencil)這支鉛筆是你的還是她的?——是我的。她的鉛筆在她包里。

      Whose books are these? — They are his.Yours are over there.(Yours =Your books)這些是誰(shuí)的書?——是他的。你的書在那邊。

      1)疑問(wèn)代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞有下列幾個(gè):

      指人:who,whom,whose

      指物:what

      既可指人又可指物:which

      2)疑問(wèn)代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,沒(méi)有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒(méi)有格的變化。what,which,whose還可作限定詞。試比較:

      疑問(wèn)代詞:Whose are these books on the desk?

      桌上的書是誰(shuí)的?

      What was the directional flow of U.S.territorial expansion?

      美國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個(gè)方向的?

      限定詞:Whose books are these on the desk?

      桌上的書是誰(shuí)的?

      What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國(guó)?

      說(shuō)明1:

      無(wú)論是做疑問(wèn)代詞還是限定詞,which 和what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無(wú)限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi),例如:

      Which girls do you like best?

      你喜歡哪幾個(gè)姑娘?

      What girls do you like best?

      你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?

      說(shuō)明2:

      Whom是who的賓格,在書面語(yǔ)中,它作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),在口語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom,例如:

      Who(m)did you meet on the street?

      你在街上遇到了誰(shuí)?(作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))

      Who(m)are you taking the book to?

      你要把這書帶給誰(shuí)?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置句首)

      To whom did you speak on the campus?

      你在校園里和誰(shuí)講話了?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置介詞 后,不能用who取代。)

      說(shuō)明3:

      疑問(wèn)代詞用于對(duì)介詞賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),過(guò)去的文體中介詞和疑問(wèn)代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,疑問(wèn)代詞在句首,介詞在句未,例如:

      For what do most people live and work?

      大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)

      What are you looking for?

      你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ))

      說(shuō)明4:

      疑問(wèn)代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,例如:

      I can’t make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。

      Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?

      你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰(shuí)的嗎?

      Much of what you say I agree with,but I cannot go all the way with you.你說(shuō)的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。

      第三篇:初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞教案

      第7單元 介詞

      (一)表示時(shí)間的介詞

      1. at表示時(shí)間點(diǎn),at six o'clock, at noon;

      on表示特定日子,如on Children's Day;

      in表示一段時(shí)間,in the morning.

      『例』She'll be back in an hour.

      He came back after a month.in “+”一段時(shí)間與動(dòng)詞將來(lái)時(shí)連用,表示過(guò)一段時(shí)間之后; after“+”一段時(shí)間用于過(guò)去時(shí),指一段時(shí)間后。2.During表示期間的某個(gè)時(shí)期

      『例』It rained several times during the night. for表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間

      『例』It has rained for two hours. through表示整個(gè)期間

      『例』It rained all through the night.

      3.till, by, before, after表示時(shí)間期限或先后 『例』I'll be here till seven. I'll be home by six.

      I'll be here before seven. 4.from, since表示時(shí)間起點(diǎn)

      『例』They have lived here since 1985. I haven't seen her from then on.

      (二)at, in, on, under, behind, by, near, between可表示場(chǎng)所,into, out of, along.across, through可表示方向,with, in, by, like, from可表示手段、材料等 『例』She is sitting by the window.

      Sam got out of the lift and ran quickly to the man. We smell with our noses.

      (三)介詞與動(dòng)詞搭配如:look at, arrive in/at etc. 介詞與形容詞搭配如:be interested in, be kind to, etc. 介詞與名詞搭配如:at least, by the way

      注意幾組介詞的區(qū)別:on, above, over與below,under, among與between, across與through,about與on

      1.on的同義詞是above, over, above是指斜上方,over指正上方,其反義詞是below, under;below是指位置低于某物或在某物的下方,但不一定在某物正下方,其反義詞是above;under是指在某物的正下方有垂直在下的意思,其反義詞是over。

      2.a(chǎn)mong是指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上之間,between是指兩者之間。

      3.a(chǎn)cross與through都有“穿過(guò)”之意,都可指從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊,across的含義與on有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作是在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行的;through與in有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作是在某一物體的空間里進(jìn)行的。

      第四篇:初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)(六)--介詞

      介詞

      一些容易混淆的介詞

      1.表示時(shí)間的at、on、in的用法區(qū)別 at主要表示:

      (1)在某具體時(shí)刻之前,如at seven o’ clock,at 7:30。

      (2)在固定短語(yǔ)中,如:at noon,at night,at that time,at the age of at the weekend,at Christmas。

      On用來(lái)表示“在??天”,如:On Monday,On May lst,On Children’s Day。in用來(lái)表示:

      (1)在某年、某月、某季節(jié)。

      (2)在—段時(shí)間之后,如:in two hours,in a few days。

      注意:在純粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上時(shí),用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介詞on。如:on Monday morning,on the morning of Children’ s Day。

      2.表示地點(diǎn)的at,in,on的用法區(qū)別(1)at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方。(2)at 所指范圍不太明確,in指“在??里”。(3)in指在內(nèi)部,on指“在??之上”。

      3.表示“一段時(shí)間”的for與since的用法區(qū)別

      for后面接時(shí)間段,since之后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。4.表示時(shí)間的before與by的用法區(qū)別

      before與by都可表示“在??之前”,但by含有“不遲于??”、“到??為止”的意思。如果by后是將來(lái)的時(shí)間,則與將來(lái)時(shí)連用,若by后是過(guò)去的時(shí)間,則與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。

      5.over與above(under與below)over,above都表示“在??的上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above還可表示溫度、水位等“高于”,over還可表示“越過(guò)??”。over的反義詞是under,above的反義詞是below.例如:

      There is a bridge over the river Our plane flew above the clouds.

      6.表示“用”的with,by,in的用法

      with多指用工具,用身體的部位或器官;by表示使用的方法、手段;in指使用某種語(yǔ)言。如:

      We see with our eyes.We go there by bike.Please say it out in English.He cut it open with a knife.介詞的省略

      表示時(shí)間介詞at, on, in 的省略

      (1)在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等詞前,一般不用 at, in, on.(2)在某些名詞詞組前,可以省略(也可不省)如:(on)that day,(in)the year before last 常見(jiàn)搭配

      1.動(dòng)詞+介詞,如:

      listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about...2.形容詞+介詞,如:

      afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from...3.名詞+介詞 / 介詞+名詞

      key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...例1] 用正確的介詞填空。

      1)The little girl is looking________ her mother.2)Thank you ________ your help.3)Don't read ________ bed.4)Tom comes ________ the USA.第1小題要填for,因?yàn)閘ook for是一個(gè)固定詞組,表示尋找的行為。第 2小題填 for,既可說(shuō) Thanks for?也可以說(shuō) Thank you for?,for后接名詞。第3小題填 in。表示“在床上”in bed,一般不說(shuō) on bed。第 4小題come from一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ),意思相當(dāng)于be from,表示“來(lái)自?”。

      [例2] China lies_______ the east of Asia and ______ the east of Japan.A.in;on B.to;to C.to;in D.in;to

      解析 表示方位的介詞in, on, to意義各不相同。在范圍內(nèi)的地方用in。China屬于Asia范圍內(nèi),故先用in;不在范圍內(nèi)的地方用to,若兩地相連,則要用介詞on, China和Japan不屬同一范圍且有海相隔,故選擇to。因此答案為D

      一.考點(diǎn)透視 知識(shí)與能力要求 重難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題歸納 中考熱點(diǎn)分析預(yù)測(cè) 應(yīng)試策略 二.知識(shí)講解

      名詞

      代詞

      冠詞 數(shù)詞

      形容詞、副詞

      介詞 三.典型例題

      四.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練及答案 一.考點(diǎn)透視

      【知識(shí)與能力要求】

      1.掌握所學(xué)單詞的形態(tài)變化。

      2.掌握簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型,四筆頭練習(xí)基本正確。3.能理解不復(fù)雜的、含有狀語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。

      4.掌握動(dòng)詞的五種基本時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))的基本用法。

      5.能理解并初步掌握過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的基本用法。6.掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(包括含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法。7.掌握動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的用法(作主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的用法只要求理解)?!局仉y點(diǎn)問(wèn)題歸納】

      語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是在掌握一定量的單詞和短語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)上才能獲得的。因此,單詞的形態(tài)變化和簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型是語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)之基礎(chǔ)。五種基本時(shí)態(tài)和含有不復(fù)雜的狀語(yǔ)從句及賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是初中畢業(yè)班學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)也是語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。五種基本時(shí)態(tài)中的一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法及其區(qū)別是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題,賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題是學(xué)生感到頭痛的問(wèn)題。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是中國(guó)學(xué)生最不喜歡學(xué)習(xí)和使用的一種語(yǔ)態(tài)。因此,學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),時(shí)常感覺(jué)到很困難。動(dòng)詞不定式是初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。不定式在句中作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等用法均要求掌握,特別是一些動(dòng)詞,有些后面要求跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),有些則要求跟動(dòng)詞一ing形式作賓語(yǔ)??傊?,語(yǔ)法部分是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。語(yǔ)法知識(shí)掌握得好,將大大加快英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的進(jìn)程?!局锌紵狳c(diǎn)分析預(yù)測(cè)】

      語(yǔ)法部分歷年來(lái)是中考的必考內(nèi)容??荚嚨姆秶鷱V,涉及單詞詞形變化、基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)、五種基本時(shí)態(tài)搬動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、不定式用法以及狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句,等等。近年來(lái),在教學(xué)改革方面加大了對(duì)聽(tīng)說(shuō)教學(xué)的力度,初中段以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的交際能力為主,為高中段的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ),對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的要求作了調(diào)整,降低了難度,但考查的范圍并沒(méi)有減小。單純考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的題比以前明顯減少。試題往往設(shè)置一個(gè)情景,在對(duì)話中考查時(shí)態(tài)及基本句型。當(dāng)然,有些語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目設(shè)置在單句中,如:不定式、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)以及詞語(yǔ)搭配。

      語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)積累的過(guò)程,不記住相當(dāng)數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。句型和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,是學(xué)不好英語(yǔ)的。因此,對(duì)詞形變換、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)以及常用的五種基本時(shí)態(tài)的考查仍將是中考命題的熱點(diǎn)?!緫?yīng)試策略】

      動(dòng)詞及其時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)最重要的部分,也是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句是復(fù)合句中最重要、最常用的結(jié)構(gòu),是初中畢業(yè)生必須掌握的從句。注意現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法以及句中的副詞(包括時(shí)間副詞)的用法,尤其要注意過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。賓語(yǔ)從句要注意從句結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)序(連接詞+從句的主語(yǔ)+從句的謂語(yǔ)+??)問(wèn)題和時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題(主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句必須用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種形式);狀語(yǔ)從句要注意在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)與從句一定要在大量課文和對(duì)話的句子中反復(fù)操練,才能真正學(xué)會(huì)。只要你在復(fù)習(xí)和應(yīng)試中注意以上幾點(diǎn),考試就一定能取得好成績(jī)。二.知識(shí)講解 【名詞】

      1.名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)

      可數(shù)名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)量,它有單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。不可數(shù)名詞指所表示的事物不能用數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)量。物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞一般無(wú)法用數(shù)目,來(lái)統(tǒng)計(jì),都成為不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞前一般不能用冠詞a、an來(lái)表示數(shù)量,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。要表示“一個(gè)??”這一概念,就須加a piece of這一類短語(yǔ)。要注意許多名詞在漢語(yǔ)里看來(lái)是可數(shù)名詞,在英語(yǔ)里卻不可數(shù)。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。2.名詞的復(fù)數(shù)(1)規(guī)則變化

      A.一般情況下加-s。

      B.以s, x, ch, sh, 結(jié)尾的加-es。

      如:bus---buses,box---boxes,watch---watches,brush---brushes C.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i再加-es。如:city---cities,country---countries D.以f,fe結(jié)尾的,去掉f或fe,變成v再加-es。(2)不規(guī)則變化 A.元音發(fā)生變化。如:man---men,woman---women,foot---feet,tooth---teeth,mouse---mice B.詞尾發(fā)生變化。如:child---children C.單、復(fù)數(shù)同形。

      如:fish---fish,Japanese---Japanese,Chinese---Chinese,sheep---sheep 3.物質(zhì)名詞(不可數(shù)名詞)量的表示方法(1)用much,a little,a lot of等表示(2)用容器表示 a bowl of rice,a glass of water,a cup of tea,a piece of,orange,two glasses of milk,two pieces of paper 4.名詞的所有格

      (1)名詞所有格的構(gòu)成法

      A.單數(shù)名詞詞尾加’ s,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾若沒(méi)有s,也要加’ s。the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball

      B.表示幾個(gè)人共有一樣?xùn)|西,只需在最后一個(gè)人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,則需在各個(gè)名字后’ s。如:

      This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.

      These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.

      C.如果是通過(guò)在詞尾加—s構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,只加’。如: the students’ books,the girls’ blouses(2)名詞+of+名詞名詞是有生命的,我們就用’s結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。如果名詞所表示的事物是無(wú)生命的,我們就要用名詞+of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系.如: the legs of the desk,the door of the room 但在表示名詞所有格時(shí),’ s結(jié)構(gòu)也常可轉(zhuǎn)換成of結(jié)構(gòu)。有些表示時(shí)間,距離、國(guó)家、城市等無(wú)生命的東西的名詞,也可以加’s來(lái)構(gòu)成所有格.如: ten minutes' walk,today's newspaper 【代詞】

      人稱代詞,物主代詞,反身代詞 類別

      主格賓格形容詞性 物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單數(shù)I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱單數(shù) he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs themselves 1.人稱代詞

      人稱代詞it的特殊用法:一般it指“它”,但在表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離等時(shí),用it來(lái)代替,此時(shí)的it并不譯為“它”。

      當(dāng)三個(gè)人稱代詞(單數(shù))同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí),其先后順序?yàn)閥ou,he,I。而復(fù)數(shù)一般采用we,you,they順序。

      2.物主代詞

      物主代詞的用法:

      形容詞性物主代詞后面一定要跟上一個(gè)名詞。

      名詞性物主代詞可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。3.反身代詞 1)反身代詞的構(gòu)成分兩種:第一、二人稱反身代詞在形容詞:性物主代詞后加上self或selves,第三人稱的反身代詞在賓格代詞后加上self或selves.

      2)反身代詞的用法:一種是作賓語(yǔ),由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作又回到動(dòng)作者本身。

      如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一種是作名詞或代詞的同位語(yǔ);用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如:I can do it myself.

      3)初中階段由反身代詞構(gòu)成的常用詞組有:enjoy oneself,help oneself to,learn by oneself,teach oneself,(all)by oneself,leave...by oneself,lose oneself in等,在運(yùn)用反身代詞時(shí),應(yīng)注意它在數(shù)、性別上與哪一個(gè)保持一致。試比較: “Help yourselves to some fish,Tom and Mike.”與I can’t leave the girl by herself. 指示代詞

      指示代詞的特殊用法:

      (1)為了避免重復(fù),可用that,those代替前面提到過(guò)的名詞,但是this,these不可以。(2)this,that有時(shí)可代替句子或句子中的一部分。

      不定代詞

      主要不定代詞的用法:(1)one的用法

      A.one作為代詞可以指人,也可以指物。

      B.one,ones(one的復(fù)數(shù)形式)可用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的少數(shù)名詞,以避免重復(fù)。C.one的前面可用this,that,the,which等詞來(lái)修飾。D.常有a+形容詞+one這一形式。

      it和one的用法區(qū)別:it用來(lái)指特定的東西,而one則用于替代不特定的東西。(2)some和any的用法區(qū)別

      A.some,any可與單、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句,疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。

      B.some,any與—thing,—body,—one構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法與some,any一樣。

      C.在疑問(wèn)句中,一般不用some,只有當(dāng)問(wèn)句表示一種邀請(qǐng)或者請(qǐng)求,或期待一個(gè)肯定的回答時(shí)才能用some。

      D.some在否定句中表示半否定,any表示全否定。

      E.some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示“某個(gè)”而不是“一些”。(3)other,another的用法 數(shù)

      種類單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)泛指another=an otherother(boys)others特指the otherthe other(boys)the others功能作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) A.another=another“另一個(gè)”,泛指眾多者中的另一個(gè),在原有基礎(chǔ)上自然增加的另一個(gè)。一般后面接單數(shù)名詞,前面不能加定冠詞。有時(shí)another可以用在復(fù)數(shù)名詞前表示“又”“再”,如:

      I want to have another two cakes.我想再吃兩個(gè)蛋糕。

      B.the other表示兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè),常與one連用。常見(jiàn)形式是“one...the other...”。

      C.other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=others

      D.the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=the others(4)a11、both的用法 both表示“兩者都??”,而a11表示“三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物都??”。a11、both在句中放在be動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及助動(dòng)詞之后,放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。(5)each和every的用法 A.each用來(lái)指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的一個(gè)。every則指兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的一個(gè)。B.從含義和語(yǔ)法功能上看,each是“單個(gè)”的意思,側(cè)重個(gè)體,在句中可作主語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。而every是“每一個(gè)”之意,側(cè)重全體、整體、共性。在句中只能作定語(yǔ),也就是說(shuō)它后面必須跟著名詞。而由every構(gòu)成的合成詞后面絕不能跟名詞。(6)either,neither,both的用法

      either:指兩者中的任意一個(gè)。作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。neither:指兩者都不,全否定。作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

      both:指兩者都。作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

      (7)many和much many只能和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。much只能和不可數(shù)名詞連用。注意:

      a lot of/lots of / plenty of=much/many a large/great number of=many a great/good deal of=much(8)few,a few,little,a little few,little表示否定含義,“很少”“幾乎沒(méi)有”;a few,a little表示肯定含義,有一些”。few,a few用在可數(shù)名詞前,little,a little用在不可數(shù)名詞前。【冠詞】

      1.不定冠詞an用在元音讀音開(kāi)頭(不是指元音字母)的詞前,其余用不定冠詞a.2.定冠詞的基本用法

      A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。

      B.指談話雙方都知道的人或事物前面。

      C用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示某一類人或事物。3.定冠詞的特殊用法

      A.用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物或方位名詞前。

      B.用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)及only所修飾的名詞前。C用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱前面。

      D.用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞所構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。

      E.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前面,表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人。F.用在樂(lè)器名稱前。

      G.和某些形容詞連用,表示某一類人或事物。4.名詞前不用冠詞的情況

      A.在專有名詞(包括人名、地名、節(jié)日、月份、季節(jié))、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前—般不用冠詞。但在以Festival組成的民間節(jié)日前要加the。B.表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。

      C.名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí),不用冠詞。

      D.三餐飯、球類、棋類、游戲名稱前一般不用冠詞。正在有些詞組中,有無(wú)冠詞含義不同。(sit)at table就餐;sit at the table坐在桌邊

      go to school去上學(xué);go to the school去那所學(xué)校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那個(gè)醫(yī)院里 【數(shù)詞】

      1.?dāng)?shù)字的表示

      三位數(shù)數(shù)詞要在百位和十位(若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位)之間加and。1,000以上的數(shù)字,從后向前第三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”,第一個(gè)“,”前為thousand,第二個(gè)“,”前為million,第三個(gè)“,”前為billion。

      2.序數(shù)詞除了first,second,third外,其余都在基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成。

      3.分?jǐn)?shù)分子在前,分母在后,分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,當(dāng)分子大于1小時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞要變成復(fù)數(shù)。

      4.Hundreds(thousands,millions)of??用法。【形容詞,副詞】 形容詞

      1.形容詞的位置

      (1)形容詞作定語(yǔ)一般要放在名詞前面,但當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞something,nothing,anything時(shí)要放在所修飾的不定代詞之后。如:something important,nothing serious。(2)當(dāng)形容詞帶有表示度量的詞或詞組作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)要后置。如: We have dug a hole two meters deep. The hole is about two metres deep. 2.形容詞的比較等級(jí)

      (1)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,在詞尾加—(e)r,—(e)st來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如: popular———more popular———most popular important—more important—most important(2)不規(guī)則變化

      原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) good better best well bad worse worst ill old older oldest elder eldest many more most much little less least far farther farthest further furthest

      3.形容詞比較級(jí)的用法

      形容詞比較級(jí)通??煞譃樵?jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)三種基本形式,具體而言,它們分別以下列形式出現(xiàn)在句中:

      它們分別以下列形式出現(xiàn)在句中:(1)as+原級(jí)+as(2)比較級(jí)+than(3)the+最高級(jí)+of(in)...

      需注意的原級(jí)的用法:

      (1)否定結(jié)構(gòu)有A..。not as+形容詞原級(jí)+as B及A...not so +形容詞原級(jí)+as B兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)表示倍數(shù)有...times as+形容詞原級(jí)+as的句型。如: This garden is ten times as large as that one. This room is twice as large as that one.(3)half as+形容詞原級(jí)+as表示“??的一半”。如:This book is half as thick as that one. 需注意的比較級(jí)的用法:

      (1)than后面接代詞時(shí),一般要用主格,但在口語(yǔ)中工也可換成me。(2)比較級(jí)前還可以用much,even,still,a little來(lái)修飾。(3)表示倍數(shù)時(shí),試比較

      Our room is twice as large as theirs. 我們的房間是他們的兩倍那樣大。

      Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我們的房間比他們的大兩倍。(4)I’ m two years older than you. 我比你大兩歲。(5)“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越??”。如: He becomes fatter and fatter.

      (6)”The+比較級(jí)?,the+比較級(jí)”表示“越??,越??”。如:The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙就越高興。

      需注意的最高級(jí)的用法:(1)常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)有:“of+復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞”表示“在??之中的”,“在??中”;“in+范圍、場(chǎng)所”表示“在??之中”。如: He is the tallest“all the boys”. China is the greatest in the world. 副詞

      1.副詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成

      (1)單音節(jié)副詞和個(gè)別雙音節(jié)副詞通過(guò)加-er,-est來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。(2)絕大多數(shù)副詞借助more,most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。(3)少數(shù)副詞的不規(guī)則變化: 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther farthest farthest furthest late later latest(4)副詞的最高級(jí)前面可以不加定冠詞the。

      (5)常用句型有l(wèi)ike A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)? 其余變化和形容詞類似。2.常見(jiàn)副詞用法(1)too, either Too 一般用于肯定句,常放在句末,否定句時(shí)用either。(2)ago,before ago 以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),和動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)連用。before以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為起點(diǎn),常和過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。當(dāng)before前沒(méi)有“一段時(shí)間”而單獨(dú)使用時(shí),泛指“以前”,常和完成時(shí)連用。如:I have heard the man before。我以前聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)人。【介詞】

      一些容易混淆的介詞

      1.表示時(shí)間的at、on、in的用法區(qū)別 at主要表示:

      (1)在某具體時(shí)刻之前,如at seven o’ clock,at 7:30。

      (2)在固定短語(yǔ)中,如:at noon,at night,at that time,at the age of at the weekend,at Christmas。

      On用來(lái)表示“在??天”,如:On Monday,On May lst,On Children’s Day。in用來(lái)表示:

      (1)在某年、某月、某季節(jié)。

      (2)在—段時(shí)間之后,如:in two hours,in a few days。

      注意:在純粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上時(shí),用in the morning/afternoon/evening,但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介詞on。如:on Monday morning,on the morning of Children’ s Day。

      2.表示地點(diǎn)的at,in,on的用法區(qū)別(1)at通常指小地方,in一般指大地方。(2)at 所指范圍不太明確,in指“在??里”。(3)in指在內(nèi)部,on指“在??之上”。

      3.表示“一段時(shí)間”的for與since的用法區(qū)別

      for后面接時(shí)間段,since之后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。4.表示時(shí)間的before與by的用法區(qū)別

      before與by都可表示“在??之前”,但by含有“不遲于??”、“到??為止”的意思。如果by后是將來(lái)的時(shí)間,則與將來(lái)時(shí)連用,若by后是過(guò)去的時(shí)間,則與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。

      5.over與above(under與below)over,above都表示“在??的上面”,over表示“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above還可表示溫度、水位等“高于”,over還可表示“越過(guò)??”。over的反義詞是under,above的反義詞是below.例如:

      There is a bridge over the river Our plane flew above the clouds.

      6.表示“用”的with,by,in的用法

      with多指用工具,用身體的部位或器官;by表示使用的方法、手段;in指使用某種語(yǔ)言。如:

      We see with our eyes.We go there by bike.Please say it out in English.He cut it open with a knife.介詞的省略

      表示時(shí)間介詞at, on, in 的省略

      (1)在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等詞前,一般不用 at, in, on.(2)在某些名詞詞組前,可以省略(也可不省)如:(on)that day,(in)the year before last 常見(jiàn)搭配

      1.動(dòng)詞+介詞,如:

      listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about...2.形容詞+介詞,如:

      afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from...3.名詞+介詞 / 介詞+名詞

      key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...三.典型例題 【名詞】

      [例1](1)—How far is your school from here? —Not very far.It's about twenty ______ walk.A.minute's B.minutes’ C.minutes D.minute

      (2)It is about ______ from the school to my home.A.ten minutes walk B.ten minutes’ walk C.ten minutes’ s walk D.ten minute’s walk

      分析 上述兩題考查名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法。由句意可知空格處所填內(nèi)容是表示距離的名詞,選項(xiàng)中的名詞minute和walk存在所有關(guān)系,因此必須用名詞的所有格。名詞所有格的’s也可以加在一個(gè)短語(yǔ)之后,若該短語(yǔ)最后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾是-s,則只加“’’。如:an hour’s ride, two weeks’ time。因而(1)、(2)小題答案均為B。[例2] Have you seen ______ at the foot of the hill?

      A.any sheep B.some sheeps C.any sheeps D.some sheep 分析 此題考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊例子。sheep的單復(fù)數(shù)同形;any一般用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句里,some用在肯定句里。答案為A [例3]—Who is the man in the blue car? —He is ______father.A.Kate's and Mary's B.Kate and Mary's C.Kate and Mary D.of Kate and Mary 分析 本題考查名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及方法。兩個(gè)并列的所有格,只給第二個(gè)名詞加“’s”。[例4](哈爾濱市,2003)---Where is Tom?

      ---He’ s left a saying that he has something important to do.A.excuse B.message C.exercise D.news 分析 此題考查名詞的用法,由a知道選項(xiàng)A、C、D不行,故選B。答案 選B 解后反思 an excuse(一個(gè)借口),an exercise(一個(gè)練習(xí))??,news(新聞)是不可數(shù)名詞。

      [例5](天津市,2003)He had something to write down and asked me for A.a paper B.some papers C.some pieces of papers D.a piece of paper 分析 此題考查不可數(shù)名詞的用法。Paper作“紙”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞,故A、B、C可排除。答案:選D 解后反思 paper當(dāng)“試卷”、“文件”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。類似的詞還有:fish,chicken等?!敬~】

      [例1] 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

      1)This isn’t _______(I)book, it must be _______(you).2)Is there any milk in the bottle? Yes, there is ______(little).分析 第1小題第一空要用形容詞性物主代詞my,用于修飾名詞book,第二空則要用名詞性物主代詞yours,相當(dāng)于your book。第2小題應(yīng)用a little表示肯定:“有一點(diǎn)兒”。[例2] There are many trees on________ of the road.A.both side B.each sides C.both sides D.every side

      分析 此題主要考查不定代詞both, each和every的用法。both為“兩者”(都)”,作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞;作主語(yǔ)時(shí),要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。either為“兩者中間的任何一個(gè)(的)”,作定語(yǔ)時(shí),后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞;作主語(yǔ)時(shí),要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。every意為“每個(gè)(的)”,作定語(yǔ),只用于三者或三者以上。又因馬路road(rive,street等)只有兩側(cè),所以正確答案只能是C。

      [例3] 1)“Help ______ to some mooncakes”, Han Meimei said to the twins.A.you B.oneself C.yourself D.yourselves 2)—Put on your clothes when you go out.—Thank you.Mum.I can look after______.A.me B.I C.ourselves D.myself

      分析 這是一組考查反身代詞用法的試題。反身代詞在句中可作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ),不能單獨(dú)使用、不能替代主格代詞,但可用在主格代詞后以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。還常用于某些短語(yǔ)中,如:by oneself獨(dú)自,enjoy oneself 玩得愉快,teach oneself 自學(xué),help oneself to?隨便吃(用)??等。因此上二題答案均為D。

      例4](廣東省,2003)There is with my computer.It doesn’ t work.A.nothing wrong B.anything wrong C.wrong something D.something wrong 分析 本題考查形容詞與不定代詞的位置關(guān)系,形容詞修飾不定代詞應(yīng)放在不定代詞之后,而anything用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句,由It doesn’ t work知選D。答案:D 解后反思 考慮詞的使用范圍并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境是解決本題的關(guān)鍵?!竟谠~】

      [例1] 選擇填空

      1)Give me_______, please.A.a cup tea B.two cup of tea C.two cup D.two cups of tea 2)The teacher passed me _____ paper.A.a piece B.a piece of C.piece of D.a pair of

      第1小題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的掌握情況,tea是不可數(shù)名詞,不能用數(shù)量詞直接修飾,但可以用容器表示量,表容器的名詞可變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,即可以說(shuō)two cups of tea,此題選D。第2小題答案選B。paper一詞是不可數(shù)的,要表示“一張紙”,英語(yǔ)應(yīng)為a piece of paper,不能說(shuō)a paper。

      [例2] _____ delicious food you have cooked!A.How a B.How C.What a D.What 分析 不定冠詞表示數(shù)量,類似“-”,修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞前不可用a、an修飾。在感嘆句“What a/an+ adj.+ n.+(主+謂)!”結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞必是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。若是不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)用“What+ adj.+ n.+(主+謂)!”結(jié)構(gòu)。句中food是不可數(shù)名詞,故答案為D。[例3](1)We always have______ rice for ______lunch.A./;/ B.the;/ C./;a D.the;the

      (2)It’s half past four in the afternoon.The students are playing _____ basketball now.A./ B.an C.a D.the

      分析 下列情況不用任何冠詞:1)專用名詞(John、England)、物質(zhì)名詞(food,rice,water)等前;2)一日三餐的名詞前;3)在表示球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前。因此第(1)小題正確答案應(yīng)為A;第(2)小題答案為A。

      [例4](天津市,2003)---What’ s the matter with you?----I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed A.a(chǎn), / B.a, the C.a, a D.the, the] 分析 本題考查冠詞的用法和習(xí)慣表達(dá)。躺在床上譯為stay in bed,而感冒譯為catch cold或catch a cold,但cold有形容詞修飾時(shí)則a不可省略。答案:選A 【數(shù)詞】

      [例1] 1)______ books must he-produced for the children.A.Many thousands B.Many thousands of C.Many thousand of D.Many thousand 2)We've planted ______ trees in the centre of our city this year.A.hundred B.tow hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of 分析本題考查數(shù)詞的用法。當(dāng) thousand或 hundred做數(shù)詞時(shí),前面一般加數(shù)來(lái)修飾,其本身沒(méi)有數(shù)的變化,且后不跟of。當(dāng)它們做名詞時(shí),其復(fù)數(shù)形式為thousands和hundreds,且構(gòu)成thousands of和hundreds of,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案分別為 B、D [例2] About ____ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.A.third fifths B.third fifth C.three fifths D.three fifth

      分析 此題主要考查英語(yǔ)的分?jǐn)?shù)表示法。分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母的序數(shù)詞后需加“s”。例如:1/3 one third;2/3:two thirds.通過(guò)分析A、B、D三項(xiàng)均錯(cuò),答案為C。

      [例3] July is ________ month of the year.A.seven B.the seventh C.eight D.the eighth 序數(shù)詞用來(lái)表示數(shù)目的順序,七月份是一年中的第七個(gè)月,第七個(gè)月的正確表達(dá)為the seventh month,所以此題的正確答案為B。

      例4](重慶市,2003)My favourite is getting stamps.I need before I have 2500 ones.A.more one B.any more C.one more D.more than 分析 此題考查數(shù)詞與more相結(jié)合的用法,數(shù)詞+more表示還有(要)??,在此正好符合題意。答案:選C 解后反思 more than是“多于”之意,any more用于否定句表示“不再”。【形容詞、副詞】

      [例1] In the exam, the ______ you are, the ______ mistakes you'll make.A.careful;little B.more careful;less C.more careful;few D.more careful;fewer 分析 “the+比較級(jí)??,the+比較級(jí)??”這個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“越??就越??”或“愈是??則愈是??”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的比較級(jí)可以是形容詞,也可以是副詞。答案D [例2] I’m not sure whether Mary can sing ________ Mabel.A.as well as B.as good as C.so good as D.as better as 分析 此題考查了兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn):(1)副詞和形容詞用法的區(qū)別:(2)as?as句式。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)選副詞。B、C項(xiàng)應(yīng)排除.as?as中間應(yīng)用副詞或形容詞原級(jí),所以答案應(yīng)為A。

      [例3] Let’s hope the things can get______.A.better and better B.well and well C.good and good D.best and best 分析 答案為A。兩個(gè)比較級(jí)并列在一起,表示“越來(lái)越??”之意,此句主要考查比較級(jí)特殊句型“more and more”結(jié)構(gòu),該句式表示持續(xù)不斷變化,其動(dòng)詞常是become, be, get, grew等,又如:Spring has come.It is getting warmer and warmer.[例4](甘肅省,2003)I am I want a piece of bread A.full B.hungry C.tired D.thirsty 分析 此題在語(yǔ)境中考查形容詞的用法。由后句意“我要一塊面包”說(shuō)名與“餓”有關(guān),故選B。

      答案:選B。

      [例5](天津市,2003)In our city,it’ s in July, nut it is even in August.A.hotter, hottest B.hot, hot C.hotter, hot D.hot, hotter 分析 此題考查形容詞及比較級(jí)的用法。前空應(yīng)填原級(jí),后空有even修飾要用比較級(jí),故選D。

      答案:選D 解后反思 如下幾個(gè)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加-er或-est。big-bigger-biggest,hot-hotter-hottest,fat-fatter-fattest,thin-thinner-thinnest,wet-wetter-wettest。簡(jiǎn)記為:大(big),熱(hot),濕紙(wet),誰(shuí)(肥,fat)瘦(thin)?(利用諧音記)[例6](山西省太原市,2002)The little girl likes animals.When she heard I would take her to the zoo, she looked at me.A.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrily 分析 由句意知C、D可以排除,又此句中l(wèi)ook at是行為動(dòng)詞而不是連系動(dòng)詞,故選B 答案:B 解后反思 形容詞和副詞都具有修飾作用,但是各自修飾的對(duì)象不同,形容詞修飾名詞,作定語(yǔ),或在連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)。而副詞修飾行為動(dòng)詞,形容詞或副詞作狀語(yǔ)?!窘樵~】

      [例1] 用正確的介詞填空。

      1)The little girl is looking________ her mother.2)Thank you ________ your help.3)Don't read ________ bed.4)Tom comes ________ the USA.第1小題要填for,因?yàn)閘ook for是一個(gè)固定詞組,表示尋找的行為。第 2小題填 for,既可說(shuō) Thanks for?也可以說(shuō) Thank you for?,for后接名詞。第3小題填 in。表示“在床上”in bed,一般不說(shuō) on bed。第 4小題come from一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ),意思相當(dāng)于be from,表示“來(lái)自?”。

      [例2] China lies_______ the east of Asia and ______ the east of Japan.A.in;on B.to;to C.to;in D.in;to

      解析 表示方位的介詞in, on, to意義各不相同。在范圍內(nèi)的地方用in。China屬于Asia范圍內(nèi),故先用in;不在范圍內(nèi)的地方用to,若兩地相連,則要用介詞on, China和Japan不屬同一范圍且有海相隔,故選擇to。因此答案為D。四.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練及答案 【名詞】 選擇正確答案

      1.There are forty ______ in our school.A.women teachers B.teacher women C.woman teachers D.women teacher 2.Mr.Li is one of ______ in the hospital.A.most popular doctors B.the most popular doctors C.most popular doctor D.the most popular doctor 3.The sign “NO PHOTOS” means that you can't ______.A.take pictures B.bring in pictures C.buy any photos D.sell any photos 4.Some of the boys in ______ are afraid of maths exams.A.Class Three B.the Class Three C.Three Class D.the Three Class 5.Have you got any ______ for us this time? A.pieces of message B.piece of messages C.pieces of messages D.messages 6.______, those mountains will be covered with trees.A.In a few years time B.After a few years time C.In a few years’ time D.After a few years time

      7.Hong Kong is an SAR while Macao is another.So there are ______ in China.A.both SAR B.both SARS C.two SAR D.two SARS 8.Look!There are ______ stars up there in the ______.A.thousands of;sky B.thousands of;air C.thousand of;sky D.thousand of;air 9.My father lived in ______ for some ten years.A.city Beijing B.the Beijing city C.Beijing of city D.the city of Beijing 10.Just from the ______ I know it's Liu Minjun.A.noise B.voice C.sound D.sing 11.—Where are the other two students? —They're in ______.A.teacher's office B.teachers' office C.the teacher office D.the teachers' office 12.—How many ______ have you next term? —Let me see.We'll have eight.A.lesson B.subjects C.days D.class 13.My uncle's full name is David Edward Hartpode.His family name is ______.A.Edward B.Hartpode C.David D.David Hartpode 14.He writes more carefully than ______ in his class.A.any student B.any other student C.any other students D.all students 15.This new kind ______ can do half the work.A.of tractor B.tractor C.of a tractor D.a tractor 16.John is very happy to have a ______ training.A.two weeks B.two-month C.two-weeks D.two-months 17.My brother is always careless.He always makes ____ A.mistakes B.mistake C.mistook D.some mistake 18.Mr.Green is nearly ______.A.two metres high B.two metres tall C.high two metres D.tall two metres 19.Mr.Smith is an ______.A.English B.English man C.Englishman D.Englishmen 20.A group of ______ are talking with two ______.A.Frenchmen;Germans B.Frenchmen;Germen C.German;Frenchmen D Germans;Frenchmans 【代詞】 單項(xiàng)選擇

      1.______ the twins enjoyed ______ at the party yesterday.A.Both;them B.Both;themselves C.Neither;them D.All;themselves 2.—Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a cup of tea? —______, thanks.I'd like just a cup of water.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 3.—Would you like ______ milk in your tea? —Yes, just ______.A.any;little B.some;a little C.much;a few D.a little;some 4.There is______ to do this evening.A.much nothing B.many nothing C.nothing much D.nothing many 5.The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forget ______.A.anything else B.something else C.nothing else D.everything else 6.—Is this your shoe? —Yes, it is.But where is______? A.the others B.another C.other one D.the other one 7.What I want to say is ______English is a very useful language.A.it B.this C.that D.those 8.They have an English lesson ______ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.A.each other B.every other C.some others D.another more 9.We found______ very important to learn a foreign language well.A.this B.that C.it D.it's 10.—______ is Lily like? —Oh, she's tall and thin.A.How B.Who C.Which D.What 11.—Would you like milk or orange? —_______ I prefer water.A.Each B.Neither C.Either D.Both 12.—Oh, there is someone in the room.—______ must be my mother.A.There B.She C.This D.It

      13.Betty and John have come back, but _______ students in the class aren't here yet.A.the other B.others C.another D.the others 14.______ of us has read the story.A.Some B.Both C.All D.None

      15.—Which of her parents is a doctor? —________.A.Any B.Either C.Both D.All 16.I have bought a new watch because my old ______ doesn't work.A.it B.one C.that D.this

      17.—Is this dictionary _______ or _______? —It's mine.A.your;hers B.your;her C.your;her D.yours;hers

      18.There is ______ water in my glass.Will you please give me ______.A.little;some B.few;any C.few;some D.little;any 19.—______pencil-box is this, Patrick? —It’s ______

      A.Whose;mine B.Who’s;mine C.Whose;my D.Who’s;my

      20.—The pen is _______.She wrote _______ name with it _______.A.hers;her;herself B.her;hers;her C.her;hers;herself D.her;herself;hers 【冠詞】

      用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空,不需要冠詞的空白處填“×”

      1.Tomorrow is ______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for our English teacher.2.The bus is running about seventy miles_____ hour.3.Mary is interested in ______ science.4.Some people don't like to talk at ______ table.5.Last night I went to______ bed very late.6.Don't worry.We still have ______ little time left.7.What ______ beautiful day!And what ______ fine weather!8.In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in ________Shanghai.9.John is______ cleverest boy in his class.10.We can't live without ______ water or ______ air.11.Tomorrow Mr.Smith will leave Paris, ______capital of______ France, for Washington by______ air.12.We were having______ lunch when they came in.13.This is ______ book you gave me last week.14.What did you do ______ last Saturday? 15.March 8 is ______ Women's Day.16.If ______ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.17.I prefer playing ______ piano to playing ______ basketball.18.At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books.19.Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age.20.______ harder we study, ______ more we learn.【數(shù)詞】 選擇填空

      l.September is the ________ month of the year.A.eighth B.ninth C.tenth D.eleventh 2.The People's Republic of China was founded ________ A.on October the first, 1949 B.in October the first ,1949 C.on October one, 1949 D.on October first one, 1949 3.There are ________ days in a year.A.three hundreds and sixty-five B.three hundreds and fifty-six C.three hundreds of sixty-five D.three hundred and sixty-five 4.There are ________ days in February.A.thirty B.thirty-one C.twenty-eight D.twenty-six 5.The film begins at 4:15.The right answer of “4:15” is _______ A.four fifth B.fifteen four C.four fifteen D.a quarter to four 6.________is seventy seven.A.forty and four B.thirty-seven and forty C.forty or thirty-seven D.seventy of seven 7.What row are you in? I am in ________.A.Row One B.Row First C.Row one D.One Row 8.How many months are there in a year? There are _______ A.eleven B.twelve C.twenty D.twelfth 9.At the age of ________, he was a worker.A.twenty B.the twenty C.twentieth D.one 10.The Changjiang River is ________ longest river in China.A.the first B.the second C.the third D.the fourth 【形容詞、副詞】

      根據(jù)A句完成B句,使兩句句意一致。

      1.A: Their football team is much stronger than the other two.B: Their football team is ______ ______ of the _____.2.A: I prefer science to any other subject.B: I like science _____ _____ any other subject.3.A: Jane went shopping yesterday, and I went shopping, too.B: Jane went shopping yesterday and ______ _____ I.4.A: This room is not big.It can't hold a lot of people.B: This room is not big_____ ______ hold so many people.5.A: That machine doesn't work.B: There is______ ______ with that machine.6.A: The snow was very heavy last night.B: It _____ ______ last night.7.A: His uncle no longer works here.B: His uncle _____work here ______ longer.8.A: This is the most important thing at this moment.B: This thing is _____ important than anything ______ at this moment.9.A: He was so angry that he couldn't.say a word.B: He was ______ angry _______ say a word.10.A: Zhang Tao speaks English better than any other student in his class.B: ______ speaks English so _____ as Zhang Tao.【介詞】

      用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空

      1.You'd better not go ______ the forest.It's dangerous.2.Which room are you going to live ______? 3.The building is ______ fire.There're some people ______ the top floor.4.Before 1990 there was no airline ______ the two cities.5.It's not good to come late ______ school.6.What's wrong ______ your bike? 7.Thank you very much ______ coming to see me.8.I couldn't finish it ______ your help.9.Don't laugh ______ others’ mistakes.10.Do the twins look ______ their father? 11.—How do you usually come to school, every day? —Sometimes ______ bike, sometimes ______ foot.12.It's very kind ______ you to help me ______ my maths.13.Don't read ______ the sun.It's bad ______ your eyes.14.The teacher told us the moon travels ______ the earth.15.You must learn these words ______ heart, and answer my question______ English.16.Please meet your uncle ______ noon ______ Saturday.17.Thanks ______ your help, I finished the work before dark.18.It's cold and the temperature is ______ zero during the night.19.The teacher is writing ______ red ink ______ a piece of paper.20.The children are waiting ______ the gate ______ their mother.1.through 2.in 3.on, on 4.between 5.to 6.with 7.for 8.without 9.at 10.like 11.by;on 12.of;with 13.in;for 14.around/ round 15.by;in 16.at;on 17.to 18.below 19.in;on 20.at;for

      第五篇:高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課教案

      高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法“虛擬語(yǔ)氣”的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

      一、教材分析:

      本課是結(jié)合外研社版高中英語(yǔ)教材選修6中有關(guān)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容,進(jìn)行高三虛擬語(yǔ)氣的復(fù)習(xí),教學(xué)中將語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的傳授和語(yǔ)言基本技能的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)合到一起,注重復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法與語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用。采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)法和小組合作探究學(xué)習(xí)法,從而擴(kuò)大課堂的語(yǔ)言輸入量及學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言輸出量。

      二、學(xué)情分析:

      在高一和高二英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)上,高三學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握基本的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和一定程度的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫能力。在高三語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)的過(guò)程中,結(jié)合學(xué)生原有的知識(shí)掌握水平,鞏固基礎(chǔ)強(qiáng)化正確使用語(yǔ)法知識(shí),提高學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的深度和難度.但大部分學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)仍然較為薄弱,運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際活動(dòng)的能力較差,主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力不夠,然而他們學(xué)習(xí)比較認(rèn)真,渴求知欲旺盛,思維比較活躍。部分學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)較好,能主動(dòng)配合老師。只有設(shè)置使他們感興趣的活動(dòng),因材施教,才能讓他們投入到課堂活動(dòng)中來(lái)。

      三、教學(xué)重點(diǎn):

      1.復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)---語(yǔ)法虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型結(jié)構(gòu).2.語(yǔ)法虛擬語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用

      四、教學(xué)難點(diǎn):

      1.結(jié)合復(fù)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),以課堂教學(xué)為依托,全面訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫能力,加強(qiáng)和提高運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的綜合能力。

      2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在真實(shí)的生活語(yǔ)境中的使用。

      五、教學(xué)目標(biāo): 1.知識(shí)目標(biāo):

      引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣之中的使用。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生通讀,分析,理解,綜合的能力,教會(huì)學(xué)生體察語(yǔ)境,結(jié)合上下文,附和邏輯推理和合理的想象,結(jié)合語(yǔ)法和題干中的語(yǔ)境解決高考題。在運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言過(guò)程中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察力、分析力、想象力和自學(xué)能力,提高思維能力和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的綜合能力。2.能力目標(biāo):

      利用多媒體手段營(yíng)造積極和諧教學(xué)氛圍,使學(xué)生進(jìn)入情景之中,充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的思維活動(dòng)和情感體驗(yàn),規(guī)范學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)的能力,同時(shí),發(fā)展學(xué)生綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的能力,分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)。3.德育目標(biāo):

      用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)思想感情和正確的世界觀、人生觀。

      六、教學(xué)策略: 通過(guò)活動(dòng)課、小組討論等具體形式,創(chuàng)設(shè)有利于高中生自己自我認(rèn)識(shí)、自我反省、自我調(diào)節(jié)的情境,利用他們自身較高的自我意識(shí)水平對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)、監(jiān)控。因此,本課采用教學(xué)方法---任務(wù)型教學(xué)法。以任務(wù)為中心,任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)焦點(diǎn)是解決某一具體的貼近學(xué)生生活的問(wèn)題。教師要從學(xué)生“學(xué)”的角度來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)活動(dòng),使學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)具有明確的目標(biāo)。在的各種“任務(wù)”中,學(xué)生能夠不斷地獲得知識(shí)并得出結(jié)論。

      七、學(xué)習(xí)策略:

      非測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)體現(xiàn)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)施效果,評(píng)價(jià)體系“正確反映外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的本質(zhì)和過(guò)程,滿足學(xué)生發(fā)展的需要。” 本課將各種活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)成小組活動(dòng)并開(kāi)展小組競(jìng)賽和填寫課堂自我評(píng)價(jià)表等非測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)手段,幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成自主學(xué)習(xí)與合作學(xué)習(xí)的能力,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和實(shí)踐能力,以及具備科學(xué)的價(jià)值觀。

      八、教學(xué)用具:

      黑板、錄音機(jī)、多媒體輔助(將本課所需要的圖片、文字、音樂(lè)等制成PPT課件)

      九、教學(xué)過(guò)程

      Step1 Warming up(5 minutes)Discuss about the pictures together , and express their ideas freely.Such as, What would you do now, if you lost your vision or other valuable things ? You wish?? 設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:

      1.教師首先展示美國(guó)聾啞女作家 海倫·凱勒的影片圖片和主要作品,然后請(qǐng)學(xué)生閱讀以下片段:假如給我三天光明(節(jié)選)請(qǐng)學(xué)生思考一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題:假如你只有三天的光明,你會(huì)怎么做?教師通過(guò)多媒體呈現(xiàn)圖片,目的吸引學(xué)生的注意力,并激發(fā)起好奇心。

      2.利用新穎和形象的圖片導(dǎo)入,有利于學(xué)生參與教學(xué)活動(dòng),進(jìn)行討論和對(duì)話活動(dòng)。幫助學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)珍惜擁有,學(xué)會(huì)生活。Step2 Presentation(8 minutes)

      Hold an English poem recital competition.Task1:Divide the whole class into a number of groups.Each group asks one student to act as the competitor with music

      Living life over

      If I had my life live over I would have talked less and listened more

      I would have invited my friend over to dinner even if the carpet was strained and the sofa faded

      ?? Task2:Choose the best group that read the poem with their deepest feeling.評(píng)價(jià)工具(選票):選出朗讀最好的學(xué)生。設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:

      1.用配樂(lè)英文詩(shī)歌朗誦的方式導(dǎo)入語(yǔ)法---虛擬語(yǔ)氣的學(xué)習(xí)。該詩(shī)歌幾乎每句都使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表達(dá)思想,傳遞情感。

      2.任務(wù)型活動(dòng):課題的引入采用詩(shī)歌朗誦競(jìng)賽的形式,學(xué)生小組活動(dòng),對(duì)英文詩(shī)歌進(jìn)行翻譯,激發(fā)參與學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程的熱情和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)。最后由全體同學(xué)對(duì)各組參與代表投票進(jìn)行非測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)。Step3 Revision(7 minutes)

      Firstly,ask the students to answer the questions in groups to summarize the basic structure of the grammar.1.If there _______(be)no computer, the students _______(learn)much now.2.If there _______(not be)the war, people ______(live)a happier life in the future.3.If you ________(come)yesterday, you _______(see)Jackie Chen.4.If you______(attend)the concert, your oral English _______(become)better now.設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:

      1.教師在進(jìn)行語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的過(guò)程中把握好教學(xué)內(nèi)容和教學(xué)范圍的度, 適應(yīng)高三復(fù)習(xí)的需要,加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)的交際性,科學(xué)性和可操作性。

      2.合作學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),學(xué)生在活動(dòng)中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言,調(diào)動(dòng)起學(xué)生的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)和主體意識(shí)。教師把語(yǔ)法規(guī)則活化為活動(dòng),把教學(xué)活動(dòng)活化為交際活動(dòng)。設(shè)分組競(jìng)答游戲活動(dòng),激發(fā)學(xué)生的參與意識(shí)。Step4 Consolidation(5minutes)

      1.If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ______ in science and technology.A.had discovered B.had been discovered C.has discovered D.has been discovered

      2.This printer is of good quality.If it ____ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A.would B.should C.could D.might 3.---John went to the hospital alone.---If he ____ me about it, I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told 設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明: 以選擇題的形式,降低學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)的難度。通過(guò)課堂測(cè)試進(jìn)行反饋,進(jìn)而了解學(xué)生的掌握情況,以學(xué)生的為本,注意個(gè)體差異,因材施教。Step5 Writing(20 minutes)

      Task1: Summarize the grammar with the students and write down what they said on the blackboard.1.If…did/were , …would/could/should/might do… 2.If …h(huán)ad done , …would/could/should/might have done… 3.If…did/ were to/should do ,…would/could/should/might do…

      Task 2: Discuss the sentences in groups and encourage the students to express their feelings in English as follows

      1.I regret wasting the time which I should have spent on my studies playing computer games.2.I could have been good at English, but I devoted too little time and energy to it.3.If I had worked two years ago as hard as I do now, my grades would be much more satisfactory now.Task3: Ask the students to translate the sentences into English.1.我的老師建議我制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃并認(rèn)真的執(zhí)行。

      (1)My teacher suggests that I should make a study plan and carry it out very seriously.(2)It is suggested that I should make…

      (3)My teacher’s suggestion is that I should make…

      2.現(xiàn)在,我學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)好像永不疲倦一樣。我相信,堅(jiān)持不懈和決心會(huì)助我成功。

      At present, I am learning as if I were never tired.I believe that my perseverance and determination will lead to my success.設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:

      1.讓學(xué)生圍繞該話題展開(kāi)討論,以確認(rèn)可以使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的地方。課堂教學(xué)過(guò)程中,注重 “精講精練,以練為主;點(diǎn)到為止,注重運(yùn)用”。

      2.在學(xué)生找到可使用的句子之后,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用多種虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá)方式對(duì)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行深層次的句法處理.調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生參與課堂學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的熱情,增強(qiáng)面對(duì)高考的自信。Step5 Assignment

      Ask the students to finish the composition we have talked about or write a composition about your dream that can hardly be realized in your daily life, such as walking in the space , living under the sea, making a journey, and so on.Motivate the students to use the grammar “the subjunctive mood” to organize the sentences and form the composition.(寫作訓(xùn)練)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明:

      任務(wù)型活動(dòng):課外作業(yè)是課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)的延伸,學(xué)生可以互相合作完成該寫作任務(wù)。該環(huán)節(jié)是本課所有教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的延續(xù),通過(guò)寫作的練習(xí),使學(xué)生逐步學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí),討論自己感興趣的話題,表達(dá)自己的思想,達(dá)到形成和提高寫作能力與技巧的目的,完成學(xué)習(xí)的任務(wù)。讓學(xué)生在反復(fù)接觸和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程中逐步體會(huì)和感知語(yǔ)言的規(guī)律性,從而使學(xué)生的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)內(nèi)化成語(yǔ)言能力。

      Blackboard design(板書設(shè)計(jì))

      Revision---the subjunctive mood

      1?did/were , ?would/could/should/might do? 2?had done , ?would/could/should/might have done? 3?did/ were to/should do ,?would/could/should/might do?

      If

      but for

      Reflection after teaching(教學(xué)反思)

      本節(jié)課通過(guò)不同的任務(wù)設(shè)置,讓學(xué)生在小組活動(dòng)中通過(guò)合作和探究來(lái)完成各個(gè)任務(wù)。新教材要求將語(yǔ)言的形式與其意義、交際功能有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來(lái),通過(guò)在實(shí)際的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用中內(nèi)化語(yǔ)言規(guī)則,從而使學(xué)生達(dá)到能準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行有效交際的目的。大多數(shù)學(xué)生離開(kāi)課堂之后并沒(méi)有多少聽(tīng)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的練習(xí)機(jī)會(huì),他們十分缺少環(huán)境英語(yǔ)的反復(fù)刺激。導(dǎo)致學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)不扎實(shí),在表達(dá)自己的看法和用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行討論時(shí),不時(shí)有學(xué)生夾雜著漢語(yǔ)。在學(xué)生進(jìn)行小組活動(dòng)時(shí),應(yīng)盡量給學(xué)生更多的幫助,主動(dòng)了解學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言困難。學(xué)生在有限的課堂中學(xué)到的知識(shí)畢竟有限,讓他們掌握語(yǔ)言的同時(shí),將課堂學(xué)到的知識(shí)內(nèi)化為能力,繼而實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)并運(yùn)用的目的。同時(shí),運(yùn)用寫作引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)言的用法,提升學(xué)生的能力。

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