第一篇:《大學(xué)》節(jié)選同步學(xué)案_老師版
教案編寫時(shí)間:
授課時(shí)間:
總序第個(gè)教案
《大學(xué)》節(jié)選導(dǎo)學(xué)案
教學(xué)目標(biāo):
1、《大學(xué)》是儒家經(jīng)典著作,對中國的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等諸多方面有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響,學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)讓學(xué)生對其中“修齊治平”的思想有個(gè)基本的了解,并引導(dǎo)他們探討這些思想的現(xiàn)代意義
2、《大學(xué)》的主體是“三綱”“八目”。要讓學(xué)生明了這些內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系。
3、積累文言詞句,把握文意
教學(xué)課時(shí):兩課時(shí)
學(xué)習(xí)過程:
一、給下列加點(diǎn)字注音
以致于庶.人
毋.自欺也
如惡惡臭...
如好好..色
身有所忿懥..
哀矜.
敖.惰
天下鮮.矣
苗之碩.
僨.事
上恤.孤
二、指出下列句子中的通假字并解釋
1、此之謂自謙
2、在親民
3、之其所敖惰
4、弟者,所以事長也
5、上恤孤而不倍
三、解釋加點(diǎn)的字。
1、大學(xué)之道,在明明..德。
(使彰明)(美好的)
2、知止.而后有定.。
(確定的目標(biāo))
3、壹是..皆以修身為本。
(一切)
4、見君子而后厭.然。
(遮掩)
5、掩其不善,而著.其善.。
(顯明)
6、之其所哀矜而辟.焉。
(偏頗,活譯為過分)
7、上老老..而民興孝。
(尊敬)(老人)
8、上長長..而民興弟。
(尊敬)(長輩)
9、如惡惡..臭
(厭惡)(不好的)
10、如好好..色
(喜愛)(美麗的)
11、此之謂自謙.
(滿足)
12、故君子必慎.其獨(dú)也
(使謹(jǐn)慎)有所好樂.. 絜.
矩之道
13、知所先后,則近道矣 .
14、先誠其意 .
15、其所厚者薄,而其所薄者厚 ..
16、孝者,所以事君也 ...
17、故好而知其惡,惡而知其美者 ...
18、人之視已 .
19、先齊其家 .20、欲正其心者 .
21、人之其所親愛而辟焉 ..
22、此謂一言僨事,一人定國 ..
23、而能喻人者,未之有也 .
24、有德此有人 .
四、句子翻譯題
1、所謂誠其意者,毋自欺也,如惡惡臭,如好好色,此之謂自謙。
使意念真誠的意思是說,不要自己欺騙自己。要像厭惡腐臭的氣味一樣,要像喜愛美麗的女人一樣,一切都發(fā)自內(nèi)心。
2、所謂平天下在治其國者:上老老而民興孝,上長長而民興弟,上恤孤而民不倍。是以君子有挈矩之道也。
之所以說平定天下要治理好自己的國家,是因?yàn)?,在上位的人尊敬老人,老百姓就?huì)孝順自己的父母,在上位的人尊重長輩,老百姓就會(huì)尊重自己的兄長;在上位的人體恤救濟(jì)孤兒,老百姓也會(huì)同樣不會(huì)違背。所以,品德高尚的人有道德上的示范作用。
五、指出下列句子的特殊句式
1、古之欲明明德于天下者
2、未之有也
3、所謂誠其意者,毋自欺也
4、孝者,所以事君也
5、堯、舜帥天下以仁
6、德者,本也;財(cái)者,末也。
六、選擇題
1、下列各句中加點(diǎn)的實(shí)詞解釋正確的一項(xiàng)是(B)
A、人之其所親愛而辟焉
辟:躲避
B、物格而后知至
格:探究 ..C、其機(jī)如此
機(jī):機(jī)遇
D、見君子而后厭然
厭然:討厭的樣子 ...B(A“辟”意為“偏向”,C“機(jī)”應(yīng)為“作用”之意,D“厭然”應(yīng)為“掩蓋、掩藏的樣子”)
2、下列各句中不含通假字的一項(xiàng)是(D)
A、上恤孤而民不倍
B、如惡惡臭,如好好色,此之謂自謙
C、大學(xué)之道,在明明德,在親民
D、是故君子先慎乎德 D(A“倍”通“背”,B“謙”通“慊”,C“親”通“新”)
3、下列各項(xiàng)中兩個(gè)句子句式不同的一項(xiàng)是(C)
A、未之有也
毋自欺也
B、德者,本也;財(cái)者,末也。
孝者,所以事君也。C、此所謂身不修不可以齊其家。堯、舜帥天下以仁 D、所謂修身在正其心者
惡而知其美者,天下鮮矣 C(A賓語前置,B判斷句,C判斷句/狀語后置句,D無特殊句式)
4、下列各項(xiàng)中加點(diǎn)詞語意義和用法相同的一項(xiàng)是(C)
A、欲正其心者,先誠其意
知至而后意誠 ..B、故好而知其惡,惡而知其美者
如惡惡臭,如好好色 ..C、壹是皆以修身為本
其本亂而末治者,否矣 ..D、故治國在齊其家
其本亂而末治者,否矣 ..C(A使……真誠/真誠,B喜好,喜歡/美好的,C根本,D治理/太平,安定)
5、下列各項(xiàng)中兩個(gè)加點(diǎn)詞語的用法相同的是(B)
A、所謂誠其意者,毋自欺也
故好而知其惡,惡而知其美者,天下鮮矣 ..B、之其所哀矜而辟焉
其所令反其所好 ..C、此謂修身在正其心
有德此有人,有人此有土,有土此有財(cái) ..D、是故君子有諸己而后求諸人
所藏乎身不恕,而能喻諸人者 ..B(A句中表停頓助詞/……的人,B所字短語,C這/則,就,D兼詞“之于”)
6、下列各項(xiàng)中加點(diǎn)詞語不屬于古今異義的一項(xiàng)是(C)A、大學(xué)之道,在明明德,在親民
B、如惡惡臭,如好好色,此之謂自謙 ....C、此謂身不修不可以齊其家
D、孝者,所以事君也 ....C(A項(xiàng)中“大學(xué)”意為古代天子所設(shè)學(xué)校,與小學(xué)相對而言,教以窮理、正心、修身、治人之道,與今義“實(shí)施高等教育的機(jī)構(gòu)”有所差別。B項(xiàng)中“好色”意為美好的女子,與今義常用的“喜好美色”的貶義用法不同。D項(xiàng)中的“所以”意為“……的方式、途徑”,與現(xiàn)在的因果關(guān)系連詞意義用法也不同。)
7、下列各項(xiàng)中加點(diǎn)詞語全不屬詞類活用的一項(xiàng)是(B)
①大學(xué)之道,在明明德 ②定而后能靜,靜而后能安 ③欲正其心者,先誠其意 ④掩其不...善,而著其善 ⑤此所謂誠于中,形于外 ⑥上老老而民興孝 ⑦上長長而民興弟 ⑧無諸己而....后非諸人 ⑨其本亂而末治者,否矣。..A、①②③
B、②⑤⑨
C、④⑥⑦
D、③⑦⑧
B(①中“明”是形容詞活使動(dòng),③中“誠”是形容詞使動(dòng),④中“著”為形容詞使動(dòng),⑥中“老”為形容詞意動(dòng),⑦中“長”為形容詞做名詞,⑧中“非”為形容詞意動(dòng)。②⑤⑨加點(diǎn)詞未活用。)
8、下列有關(guān)課文中節(jié)選內(nèi)容陳述有誤的一項(xiàng)是(A)
A、《大學(xué)》是修身治人的儒家規(guī)則,它建議人之追求與建屋相似,須先打好基礎(chǔ),才能按致知、格物、誠意、正心、修身、齊家、治國、平天下的順序完成個(gè)人追求。
B、《大學(xué)》中提倡“君子必先慎其獨(dú)也”,指人在獨(dú)處無人注意時(shí)容易犯錯(cuò)誤,做人必須表里如一,所以應(yīng)該在無人監(jiān)督的情況下,依然能遵守道德規(guī)范,才算是君子之行。
C、誠意是意念真誠,不自欺欺人。但是,僅僅有誠意還不行。因?yàn)?,誠意可能被喜怒哀樂懼等情感支配役使,使你成為感情的奴隸而失去控制。所以,在“誠其意”之后,還必須要“正其心”,也就是要以端正的心思(理智)來駕馭感情,進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),以保持中正平和的心態(tài),集中精神修養(yǎng)品性。
D、儒學(xué)的進(jìn)修階梯由內(nèi)向外展開,這里是中間過渡的一環(huán)。在此之前的格物。致知、誠意、正心都在個(gè)體自身進(jìn)行,在此之后的齊家、治國、平天下開始處理人與人之間的關(guān)系,從家庭走向社會(huì),從獨(dú)善其身轉(zhuǎn)向兼善天下。當(dāng)然,其程序仍然是由內(nèi)逐步外推:首先是與自身密切相關(guān)的家庭和家族,然后才依次是國家。天下。
A(應(yīng)先“格物”方能“致知”,順序錯(cuò)誤。)
9、下列有關(guān)于儒家經(jīng)典的相關(guān)常識陳述有誤的一項(xiàng)是(B)
A、儒家經(jīng)典“四書”,是《論語》、《孟子》、《中庸》、《大學(xué)》這四部著作的總稱。
B、儒家的“五經(jīng)”指《詩》《書》《禮》《樂》《春秋》。
C、“四書”概念最早由南宋大儒朱熹提出,《大學(xué)》原為《禮記》中的一篇,是孔子及其門徒留下來的遺書,是儒學(xué)的入門讀物,朱熹把它列為“四書”之首。
D、傳說“四書”分別出于早期儒家的四位代表性人物孔子、孟子、曾參、子思、所以稱為《四子書》(也稱《四子》),簡稱為《四書》。
B(“五經(jīng)”中沒有《樂經(jīng)》,應(yīng)換為《易經(jīng)》)
第二篇:大學(xué)節(jié)選學(xué)案
語文備課大師 xiexingcun.com 《大學(xué)》節(jié)選學(xué)案
一、作家作品積累:
1、《大學(xué)》原為 第四十二篇。宋朝程顥、程頤兄弟把它從《禮記》中抽出,編次章句。將《大學(xué)》、《中庸》、《論語》、《孟子》合編注釋,稱為,從此《大學(xué)》成為儒家 經(jīng)典。朱熹把《大學(xué)》重新編排整理,分為“經(jīng)”一章,“傳”十章。一般認(rèn)為,“經(jīng)”一章蓋 之言,而曾子述之;“傳”十章,則曾子之意而門人記之。就是說,“經(jīng)”是孔子的話,曾子記錄下來;“傳”是曾子解釋“經(jīng)”的話,由曾子的學(xué)生記錄下來。
2、《大學(xué)》提出了“三綱領(lǐng)”和“八條目”。經(jīng)一章提出了、、三條綱領(lǐng),又提出了、、、、、、、八個(gè)條目。八個(gè)條目是實(shí)現(xiàn)三條綱領(lǐng)的途徑。
3、《大學(xué)》是 的入門讀物。所以,朱熹把它列為 之首。宋、元以后,《大學(xué)》成為學(xué)校官定的教科書和科舉考試的必讀書,對古代教育產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。
二、文言基礎(chǔ)知識:解釋加點(diǎn)的字。
1、大學(xué)之道,在明明德。()()
2、知止而后有定。()
3、壹是皆以修身為本。()
4、見君子而后厭然。()
5、掩其不善,而著其善。()
6、之其所哀矜而辟焉。()
7、上老老而民興孝。()()
8、上長長而民興弟。()()
三、課內(nèi)閱讀
所謂誠其意者(1),毋(2)自欺也。如惡惡臭(3),如好好色(4),此之謂自謙(5)。故君子必慎其獨(dú)也(6)。
1、注音或解釋詞語:
(1)誠其意:。
(2)毋:
(3)惡()惡()臭():
(4)好()好()色:
(5)謙():
(6)慎其獨(dú):
2、根據(jù)文意,闡釋“誠意”: 參考答案:
就是要不自欺,要慎獨(dú)。
在與別人相處時(shí)是這樣,在獨(dú)處時(shí)也應(yīng)該是這樣。內(nèi)心如此,表現(xiàn)于外更是如此,即所謂“誠于中形于外,故君子必慎其獨(dú)也”。慎獨(dú)是一種主觀的道德修養(yǎng)方法,注重的是內(nèi)在善的動(dòng)機(jī)和外在善的表現(xiàn)的一致。
四、課文研讀:
1.“修齊治平”四者的關(guān)系如何?要達(dá)到修身,需經(jīng)過哪些步驟? 參考答案:
“修身”的意思是使個(gè)人修養(yǎng)達(dá)到完善的程度,是《大學(xué)》中對個(gè)人修養(yǎng)的最高要求,它是齊家、治國、平天下的根本。
齊家是指善于處理好家庭或家族內(nèi)部的關(guān)系,它是治國、平天下的基礎(chǔ)。
治國和平天下是齊家的擴(kuò)大和延伸。
修身需要“格物”“致知”“誠意”“正心”四個(gè)步驟。
語文備課大師 xiexingcun.com 語文備課大師 xiexingcun.com “格物致知”就是要通過對事物的研究而獲得對世界的正確認(rèn)識的過程,為下一步誠意、正心奠定基礎(chǔ)。“誠意”指的是在修養(yǎng)自身的過程中,能夠做到誠實(shí)、不自欺。
所謂“正心”,就是教人防止個(gè)人感情的偏向。這四個(gè)步驟依次做來,就可以達(dá)到身修的目的了。2.《大學(xué)》采用了很多遞進(jìn)論述的方法,如 “知止而后有定,定而后能靜,靜而后能安,安而后能慮,慮而后能得?!?請將文章中的類似論證整理出來,體會(huì)其中的邏輯關(guān)系,弄明白它們所說的道理。
3.《大學(xué)》的論述可謂“微言大義”,精微的言辭中,蘊(yùn)含著深刻的道理,這些深刻的道理,對現(xiàn)代人也是很有作用的。請以“君子有諸己而后求諸人,無諸己而后非諸人”為例進(jìn)行分析。
參考答案:這句話的意思是:品德高尚的人自己身上具備了美德,然后再要求別人擁有美德;首先要去掉自己身上的不足,然后再去批評責(zé)備他人。
也就是說,要提高別人的道德水平,首先要提高自己的道德水平,要要求別人,首先要要求自己。它體現(xiàn)了儒家重視注重內(nèi)向用功、律己甚嚴(yán)的內(nèi)省的修養(yǎng)方法。這種方法在現(xiàn)代仍然是有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的,它告誡我們,不能要求別人甚嚴(yán),而要求自己甚寬。這對于人與人之間的日常交往,一個(gè)部門內(nèi)部的管理,都有著深刻的啟示。
五、拓展思考
為何說“壹是皆以修身為本”?有何重要意義?如今我們又該如何“修身”?
語文備課大師 xiexingcun.com
第三篇:高中英語 單元測試同步精品學(xué)案
單元測試(四)
第Ⅰ卷(共75分)
第一部分 英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)第一節(jié) 語法和詞匯知識(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1.There are ________ words in English that came from other languages.A.a(chǎn) good many of B.a(chǎn) great deal of C.a(chǎn) great many of D.a(chǎn) large number of 答案 D 解析 a large number of相當(dāng)于a good/great many,意為“許多”,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。當(dāng)A、C兩項(xiàng)后接的名詞前有限定詞時(shí),才需接介詞of;B項(xiàng)修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
2.Don’t use harsh soap to wash your face.It will ________ your skin.A.destroy B.damage C.ruin D.injure 答案 B 解析 句意為:不要使用刺激性的肥皂洗臉,它會(huì)損壞你的皮膚。damage指程度較輕、可進(jìn)行修復(fù)的損壞;destroy一般指不可修復(fù)的損壞;ruin指程度較重,一般不可修復(fù)的損壞;injure意為“使受傷”。
3.After the earthquake was over,all the villages and towns were ________,and no people or animals were seen.A.in ruin B.in ruins C.a(chǎn)t ruins D.for ruins 答案 B 解析 in ruins為固定搭配,意為“嚴(yán)重受損;破敗不堪”。其他三項(xiàng)均無此結(jié)構(gòu)。4.Do it right now!It’s ________ to complain(抱怨).
A.useful B.guilty C.useless D.valuable 答案 C 解析 由題干中“Do it right now”可知說話者認(rèn)為抱怨是沒有用的,故C項(xiàng)正確。useful“有用的”;guilty“內(nèi)疚的;犯罪的”;valuable“有價(jià)值的”。
5.On hearing the news that her son had won the game,she burst ________ laughter.A.out B.with C.upon D.into 答案 D 解析 burst into為固定搭配,意為“突然爆發(fā)”,后常接laughter或tears。6.The flood was a terrible ________;hundreds of people died.A.a(chǎn)ccident B.disaster C.trouble D.relief 答案 B 解析 由后半句“hundreds of people died”可知這場洪水是一場大災(zāi)難。disaster“災(zāi)難”;accident“交通事故”;trouble“麻煩”;relief“解脫”。
7.The government organized teams to ________ those who were trapped.A.dig for B.dig up C.dig out D.dig from 答案 C 解析 dig out“掘出;發(fā)現(xiàn)”;由those后的定語從句“這些人被壓在??下面”,所以需要挖掘出來。
8.Mr.Smith is the only one of those foreigners who ________ in China.A.work B.is working C.a(chǎn)re working D.had working 答案 B 解析 先行詞為the only one of those foreigners,表示單數(shù)含義,故定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),排除A、C兩項(xiàng);題干中沒有明確表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,故排除D項(xiàng)。9.It’s a really ________ experience.After that everybody was very ________.A.terrifying;shocking B.terrified;shocking C.terrifying;shocked D.terrified;shocked 答案 C 解析 terrifying“令人害怕的”,常用于修飾物;shocked“感到吃驚的”,常用于修飾人。
10.—Do you still remember the days ________ we spent in the countryside ten years ago? —Yes,I’ll never forget the experience.A.where B.when C.that D.what 答案 C 解析 先行詞為the days指物,定語從句中spent缺少賓語,故用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo),that可以省略。
11.The thief glanced about now and then ________ he knew he was being followed.A.even if B.a(chǎn)s if C.in case D.so that 答案 B 解析 句意為:那個(gè)賊不時(shí)地左顧右盼,好像他知道自己被人跟蹤一樣。as if 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,相當(dāng)于as though。
12.—We are getting married!—________!
A.Thank you B.Good luck C.Congratulations D.You are right 答案 C 解析 句意為:“我們就要結(jié)婚了?!薄肮补??!碑?dāng)別人取得優(yōu)異的成績、通過某項(xiàng)考試或結(jié)婚、生子時(shí)可用congratulations向別人表示祝賀。
13.In an hour,we can travel to places ________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A.where B.when C.which D.what 答案 C 解析 which在從句中作主語。14.Some passengers were ________ in the traffic accident and taken to the nearest hospital.A.injured B.damaged C.destroyed D.harmed 答案 A 解析 injure可用于指身體上受到的傷害,也可指情感上受到了傷害。damage側(cè)重指對物的“損害”,損害后事物一般可修復(fù);destroy“破壞;毀壞”一般無法進(jìn)行修復(fù);harm一般指情感上的傷害。
15.—Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.—________ Have you got the first prize in the competiton? A.What for? B.Thanks a lot.C.Yes,I’d like to.D.Why not? 答案 A 解析 由答語中的問句可知想知道對方出去喝酒的理由,故A項(xiàng)與語境相符合。第二節(jié) 完形填空(共20小題;第小題1分,滿分20分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從16~35各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
In 1989 an 8.2 earthquake almost flattened America,killing over 30,000 people in less than four minutes.In the middle of complete damage and disorder,a father rushed to the school where his son was supposed to be,__16__ that the building was __17__.After the unforgettably initial shock,he __18__ the promise he had made to his son:“No matter __19__,I’ll always be there for you!”And tears began to __20__his eyes.As he looked at the pile of ruins,it looked hopeless,but he kept remembering his __21__ to his son.He rushed there and started __22__ the ruins.As he was digging, other helpless parents arrived,__23__:“It’s too late!They’re all dead!__24__,face reality,there’s nothing you can do!”To each parent he responded with __25__:“Are you going to help me now?”No one helped.And then he continued to dig for his son,stone by stone.Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know__26__:“Is my boy __27__ or is he dead?”He dug for eight hours...12 hours...24 hours...36 hours...then,in __28__ hour,he pulled back a large stone and heard his son’s __29__.He screamed his son’s name,“ARMAND!”He heard back,“Dad???!It’s me,Dad!I told the other kids not to worry.I told them that if you were alive,you __30__ me and __31__ you saved me,they’d be saved.You promised,‘No matter what happens,I’ll always be there for you!’You did it,Dad!”
“What’s going on in there?”the father asked.“There are 14 of us __32__ __33__ 33,Dad.We’re scared,hungry,thirsty and thankful you’re here.When the building collapsed,it made __34__,and it saved us”.
“Come out,boy!”
“No,Dad!Let the other kids out first,__35__ I know you’ll get me!No matter what happens,I know you’ll always be there for me!”
16.A.only finding B.only to find C.only realizing D.only to realize 答案 B 17.A.as flat as a pancake B.a(chǎn)s high as a mountain C.a(chǎn)s strong as an ox D.a(chǎn)s weak as a kitten 答案 A 18.A.memorized B.forgot C.kept D.remembered 答案 D 解析 從意義上判斷,“他想起了他曾對他兒子許下的諾言”。memorized指“背誦,熟記”。
19.A.what B.what happen C.which D.who 答案 A 解析 從結(jié)構(gòu)上分析,該句是省略了謂語動(dòng)詞的省略句,省略謂語之后,意義仍然清楚,如不省略謂語動(dòng)詞,則應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)happens,排除B項(xiàng)。從意義上分析,可排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。
20.A.fill B.fill in C.come D.burst 答案 A 21.A.picture B.promise C.present D.encourage 答案 B 解析 從上下文文意判斷,“他不停地想起他對兒子許下的諾言”。22.A.digging B.digging through C.digging out D.digging into 答案 B 23.A.to say B.said C.a(chǎn)nd saying D.saying 答案 D 解析 從結(jié)構(gòu)上分析,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,應(yīng)用saying。
24.A.Come out B.Come again C.Come on D.Come off 答案 C 25.A.one word B.one sound C.one row D.one line 答案 D 26.A.for himself B.of himself C.by himself D.to himself 答案 A 解析 “介詞+反身代詞”有固定含義,for oneself“獨(dú)自地,親自”;by oneself“單 獨(dú)地”;of oneself“自行地;自動(dòng)地”;to oneself “對(著)自己”。
27.A.live B.living C.a(chǎn)live D.lively 答案 C 解析 這四個(gè)詞都有“活著的”之意,live僅用作定語,作表語用living,alive。living和alive在意義上有細(xì)微差別,living可作定語和表語,含有“本以為死了,然而還活著”的意思;alive作表語和后置定語,其含義與dead相對應(yīng);lively“生動(dòng)的;活躍的”。
28.A.38 B.the 38 C.38th D.the 38th 答案 D 29.A.sound B.voice C.noise D.tone 答案 B 30.A.will save B.would save C.save D.would have saved 答案 B 解析 這是表將來的虛擬語氣,主句中用would+動(dòng)詞原形,從下文的句子中也能找到類似的句子。
31.A.when B.because C.even if D.though 答案 A 32.A.remained B.missing C.left D.gone 答案 C 解析 此題包含一個(gè)固定句型:There are...left“還有??剩余下來”。33.A.for B.behind C.out of D.over 答案 C 34.A.a promise B.space C.room D.a(chǎn) triangle 答案 D 解析 從意義上判斷,“房屋倒塌時(shí),自然形成的三角空隙”。而make room, make space意為“(有意識的)為??騰出空間”。
35.A.because B.though C.when D.even though 答案 A 解析 從上下文文意判斷,此句為原因狀語從句。
第二部分 閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題2分,滿分40分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Once upon a time,there was a father and a son.The son was very rude and often hurt others’feelings with bitter words.So he had no friends and got more and more fretful(煩躁的)day by day.The father had been trying to persuade him to change his bad manner but father’s efforts made no difference on the wild son.One day,the father got an idea.He set up a wooden board and called his son over and gave him a hammer and a box of nails.He told the young man to hammer a nail every time when he had a quarrel.The son did so.After a day,he himself saw the board was filled with nails whose quantity was so huge which looked so ugly that he was shocked and finally made up his mind to be a nice guy.The father suggested he pull out one nail every time when he checked his bad temper and avoided talking impolitely.He did that.When the last nail was drawn out the son was so excited that he couldn’t help showing the board to his father.However,his cheer trailed_away and slowly he grew frustrated(沮喪的)while he was staring at the board which was actually as disagreeable as a water-sapped(被水侵蝕的)stone deep on the seabed.The father pointed to the holes left in the board and told him that sometimes the hurt just like the holes stuck in one’s mind forever.The boy cried and regretted being such an impudent(輕浮的)guy.Since then,he was polite and kind and made a lot of friends,and turned happily.36.Many people didn’t like the son because he used to ________ them.A.beat B.hurt C.fight with D.laugh at 答案 B 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句可知這個(gè)小男孩經(jīng)常用刻薄的話語去傷害別人。37.At first the son was ________ to listen to his father.A.happy B.sorry C.ready D.unwilling 答案 D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句“made no difference on the wild son”可知父親的勸告對小男孩不起任何作用。
38.Why did the father tell his son to hammer a nail? A.Because his son had nothing to do.B.Because his son liked to have a quarrel.C.In order to change his son’s bad manner.D.In order to love his son.答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。他父親用一種奇特的方式來幫助他改正錯(cuò)誤。39.What does the underlined phrase“trailed down”mean?
A.減弱 B.放過 C.拋開 D.出軌 答案 A 解析 詞義猜測題。由該短語所在的前句中的so excited 和however引導(dǎo)的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的含義可知他的激動(dòng)的心情漸漸減弱。
40.What’s the best title of the passage?
A.The Father and the Son B.The Son Had Quarrels with Others C.A Great Father D.How a Father Taught His Son 答案 D 解析 主旨?xì)w納題。本文講述了孩子表現(xiàn)不好,但是做父親的并沒有苦口婆心地勸說,而是通過具體事例讓孩子理解,故選D項(xiàng)。
B
TOKYO(Reuters)—“Who played the father in the movie‘Kramer versus Kramer’? ”
That’s one of the 50 questions Japanese men could face in a “daddy exam”,meant to raise awareness about fatherhood in a country where men tend to work long hours and leave their wives in charge of childcare and household chores.Even men who remember Dustin Hoffman struggling as a father in the movie may have a hard time answering questions ranging from potty training and baby food to politics,such as the percentage of gross domestic product used for parenting support.Tetsuya Ando,director of Fathering Japan,a Tokyo non-profit organization that came up with the test and will offer it to eager dads from next March,said the exam was a catchy way to get fathers into parenting.“There just isn’t enough information about parenting for fathers.Through the exam,we want men to realize that they don’ t know anything about child-raising,”he said.For the price of 3,900 yen($34),fathers can find out whether they qualify as a “Super Dad”,or are in need of more effort as a “Challenge Dad”.
“We have received inquiries(咨詢)from fathers,single men,to-be-dads,grandfathers...even an aunt who was concerned that her nephew is too busy with work to notice the fun of parenting,”Ando said.The image of fathers is gradually changing in Japan as younger men eschew their own dads’hands-off approach in favor of closer involvement,and a wave of new parenting magazines for male readers has been hitting newsstands.But it is still hard for Japanese fathers to cut down on their work hours and spend more time with their families.Only 0.5 percent of employed men in Japan took parental leave in 2005,as opposed to 14 percent in the United States and 12 percent in Britain in 2000.41.The “daddy exam”is intended to ________.A.test to-be-dads’ fatherhood knowledge B.test Challenge Dads’ parenting knowledge
C.a(chǎn)ttract the whole society’s attention to parenting
D.have fathers realize their responsibility for their families 答案 D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的“...‘daddy exam’,meant to raise awareness about fatherhood”可知,該項(xiàng)測試旨在提高父親對家庭的責(zé)任。注意同義句的替代是解決此題的關(guān)鍵。
42.In the exam,the Japanese fathers may find that ________.A.they almost know nothing about the questions B.the questions only make sense to to-be-dads C.there is ample information about parenting D.it’s not a good way to get them into parenting 答案 A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的最后一句話“...to realize that they don’t know anything about child-raising”可知。
43.The underlined word“eschew”in the last paragraph can be replaced by the word “________”.
A.a(chǎn)void B.a(chǎn)dopt C.improve D.a(chǎn)ddore 答案 A 解析 詞義猜測題。前文告訴我們,男人因忙于工作而忽略了做父親的責(zé)任,然后告訴我們,現(xiàn)在年輕男士的這一形象正在逐漸改變,因?yàn)樗麄儽苊饬俗约旱母赣H們不插手家庭事務(wù)的態(tài)度,正因如此,針對男士讀者出版的一些養(yǎng)育孩子的一些雜志也深受歡迎,由此可以看出,該詞和avoid同義。
44.The magazines for male readers are popular most probably because many men ________.A.long to know how to do household chores B.become more concerned about parenting C.want to get high scores in the 50-question test D.like to know whether they are Challenge Dads 答案 B 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由前一分句,尤其是“in favor of closer involvement”可知這種男士讀物受歡迎的原因,是因?yàn)槟惺總兏雨P(guān)心“parenting”,故選B項(xiàng)。
45.From the whole report,it can be inferred that ________.A.Japanese fathers show no interest in parenting B.young Japanese men tend to set about parenting C.young fathers value parenting less than their fathers D.Japanese fathers value parenting more than British fathers.答案 B 解析 推理判斷題。
C
When an earthquake hit a small town,many houses fell down.After the earthquake,all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in trouble.One Sunday,when I was reading a newspaper,a special picture touched me.It gave the clothing sizes of each family member.I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were less lucky than themselves.I said to my seven-year-old twins,Brad and Brett,and three-year-old Meghan,“We have so much,and these poor people now have nothing.We’ll share what we have with them.”
I filled a box with foods and clothes.While I was doing this,I encouraged the boys to choose their toys and donate some of their less favourite things.Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together.Then she walked away.A few minutes later she came back with Lucy,her much-loved doll.She put the doll on top of the other toys.“Oh,dear,”I said.“You don’t have to give Lucy.You love her so much.”Meghan said,“Lucy makes me happy,Mommy.Maybe she’ll make another little girl happy, too.”
I looked at Meghan for a long moment.She taught me a lesson.It’s easy to give something that we don’t want any more,but hard to give what we cherish(珍愛),isn’t it?
46.The writer has ________ children.A.one B.two C.three D.four 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“I said to my seven-year-old twins,Brad and Brett,and three-year-old Meghan.”判斷可知。
47.The underlined word “donate” probably means “________”. A.捐贈(zèng) B.丟掉 C.展出 D.放好 答案 A 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由孩子們找玩具及“Lucy makes me happy,Mommy.Maybe she’ll make another little girl happy,too.”判斷可知。
48.Lucy is the name of ________.A.a(chǎn) girl B.a(chǎn) game C.a(chǎn) doll D.a(chǎn)n earthquake 答案 C 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由“...she came back with Lucy,her much-loved doll.”判斷可知。
49.Which of the following is true? A.An earthquake happened in the writer’s hometown.B.The writer let Meghan give her much-loved doll.C.The writer decided to buy some clothes for those people in trouble.D.The writer thinks it is more difficult to give what we love a lot.答案 D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)短文最后一段分析可知。50.What’s the best title of this passage?
A.A Family Story B.The Spirit of Giving C.The Way of Helping Others D.A Sad Experience 答案 B 解析 主旨?xì)w納題。全文介紹作者看了報(bào)紙報(bào)道地震之后許多家庭陷入困境,她想借此機(jī)會(huì)讓孩子們學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)愛他人,結(jié)果女兒給自己上了一課。
D
If you are in charge of a project,the key to success is getting everyone to want to help you.As a director,I point,I suggest,I gently push the actors in the direction I want them to go.In the 1986 movie,“Nothing in Common”,Jackie Gleason’s character,Max Basner,gets fired from his job as a clothing salesman.The scene,shot on a boat,shows Max’s despair about being out of work.I was looking for some gestrue that would allow Max to show his feelings.Jackie had far more experience at everything than I did,and at first I was frightened.What could I possibly tell “The Great One” about acting?Out of fear I decided to direct by suggestion,and I sat down with Gleason to talk about the scene.“So Max is sad,right?” I said.Gleason nodded.“And he’s probably still carrying his pens with his name on them—the ones he used to hand out to his customers,right?”
Gleason nodded.“So what would you want to do with the pens after you were fired?” He was silent for a moment.“Why don’t I throw them overboard?”
I stood up and turned towards the crew.“Hey,everybody,Jackie has a wonderful idea.Let’s shoot it.”
After filming the scene,Gleason called me over and said with a smile.“Garry,what kind of wonderful idea am I going to have tomorrow?”
You and your team can discover the answers to problems together.When there are no prizes or gold stars for those who get the solution first,you’ll all benefit when everything turns out right.51.The author tells us that to succeed in the project you are in charge of you should ________.A.make everyone work for you B.get everyone willing to help you C.let people know you have the final say D.keep sending out orders to them 答案 B 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在第一段中就給出了本題的答案。final say意為“最后的決定權(quán)”。52.It can be inferred that ________.A.Jackie Gleason is the director of the film “Nothing in Common” B.Jackie Gleason is very angry when he is fired from his job C.Max,a character in a film,is in very low spirits when he loses his job D.Jackie Gleason is the writer of the film“Nothing in Common” 答案 C 解析 推理判斷題。從第一段倒數(shù)第二、三句可得出答案。despair意為“沮喪”。53.“The Great One” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.A.Gleason B.the director himself C.Max D.Max’s boss 答案 A 解析 詞義猜測題。從第一段可知,Jackie Gleason是電影Nothing in Common中扮演Max Basner的演員。接著第二段說Gleason具有比“我”多得多的經(jīng)驗(yàn),像這樣的“大人物”(The Great One),作者認(rèn)為自己不能給予指導(dǎo)。
54.Why did Gleason call the director over and smile at him? Because Gleason ________.A.thought his wonderful idea was accepted by the director B.succeeded in hitting upon a wonderful idea C.was confident about his work the next day D.a(chǎn)ppreciated the director’s skill 答案 D 解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由全文內(nèi)容可知,Gleason是欣賞作者的技巧。55.The most suitable title for the passage is “________”. A.Directing a Film B.The Key to Success C.A Wonderful Experience D.Working with Film 答案 B 解析 主旨?xì)w納題。第一段的第一句和最后一段的最后一句話前后呼應(yīng),都點(diǎn)明了文章的主題。
第Ⅱ卷(共45分)第三部分 書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié) 閱讀表達(dá)(共5小題;每小題3分,滿分15分)閱讀下面的短文,并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題(請注意問題后的字?jǐn)?shù)要求)。
In the past hundred years a million people have died in earthquakes,another million have been killed by hurricanes(颶風(fēng))and tornadoes(龍卷風(fēng))and 9 million have lost their lives in floods.In addition to this, many more millions have died as a result of hunger and disease.We should also not forget in many of the world’s countries drought(旱災(zāi))and serious water shortage are a fact of life,especially in the African Shale area bordering(與??接壤)the Sahara Desert.Scientists and engineers around the world have made great advances in earthquake engineering.It_is,_of_course,impossible_to_move_cities_such_as_Tokyo(東京)and_San_Francisco(舊金山)that_have_been_built_on_earthquake_belts(帶).But most often it is not the earthquake that kills people.It is the falling buildings,bridges and so on that cause deaths,and such a happening can be greatly reduced by better building programs.Finally,perhaps we need to consider the natural disaster that we are causing for ourselves.Through our mismanagement of the planet’s resources(資源)we have sped up(加速)the dying out of hundreds of sorts of plants and animals,at the same time possibly destroying our own longterm surroundings for life.Maybe this is one_disaster that could be prevented if we are willing to act with a sense of responsibility(責(zé)任).
56.What is the best title of the passage?(Please answer within 10 words.)Natural_Disasters 57.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? We should remember the fact that in many areas of the world people live a hard life because of drought and serious water shortage.We_should_also_not_forget_in_many_of_the_world’s_countries_drought_and_serious_water_shortage_are_a_fact_of_life.58.What does the underlined part in the last paragragh refer to?(Please answer within 10 words.)Man’s_mismanagement_of_natural_resources.59.In your opinion which of the disasters mentioned in the passage is the worst?Why?(Please answer within 30 words.)The_answer_may_vary.60.Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.當(dāng)然,要想把像東京和舊金山那樣建在地震帶上的城市移走是不可能的。
第二節(jié) 寫作(滿分30分)假如你(李華)是一名中學(xué)生,假期中做了一次社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。在這次活動(dòng)中你認(rèn)識到水是生命之源,水資源越來越匱乏,傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉方式對水資源的浪費(fèi)太大。請你就該問題給人民日報(bào)社寫一篇倡議信,建議農(nóng)民使用現(xiàn)代化的澆灌方式,節(jié)約用水,保護(hù)水資源,為子孫后代造福。寫信時(shí)間:2009年5月17日。
【參考范文】 May 17,2009 Dear Editor,My name is Li Hua.I’m a middle school student.I’m writing this letter to put forward a proposal to make good use of water.As is well known to us all,water is the source of life.Without water there would be no living things.Besides,fresh water is becoming less and less.But it is a fact that farmers are still watering crops and vegetables using the traditional way.It’s a waste of water to irrigate farm lands in this way.In my opinion farmers play an important role in saving water.I think it would be better for farmers to use modern technology when they use water for farming.Only in this way can we save as much water as possible.I propose that every one of us should try our best to save water,especially the farmers,so that we can leave more fresh water for our young generations.
第四篇:《荷塘月色》學(xué)案(老師用)
2011——2012學(xué)年高一語文導(dǎo)學(xué)案
使用時(shí)間:
編制:曾嶸
審核:
課題:《荷塘月色》
【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1.知識與技能:提高對情景交融的意境的鑒賞能力。學(xué)習(xí)作者運(yùn)用語言的技巧:比喻、通感的巧妙運(yùn)用,動(dòng)詞、疊詞的精心選用。
2.過程與方法 :誦讀;把握本文的情感脈絡(luò),學(xué)習(xí)鑒賞寫景狀物類散文。3.情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:了解作者不滿社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí),向往自由生活的思想感情。
【學(xué)法指導(dǎo)】
1.速讀課文,理清文章結(jié)構(gòu),把握本文的情感脈絡(luò)。
2.認(rèn)真誦讀課文,仔細(xì)品味語句,通過認(rèn)真仿寫來運(yùn)用語言。3.歸納本文寫作特色,學(xué)會(huì)鑒賞寫景狀物散文。
第一課時(shí)
【課前預(yù)習(xí)案】
【滴水穿石 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)】
1.荷花深為中國人所喜愛,無數(shù)的騷人墨客為之陶醉,留下了千古流傳的名篇佳作,試舉五例。①“清水出芙蓉,天然去雕飾”(李白)
②“出淤泥而不染,濯清漣而不妖”(周敦頤)
③“接天蓮葉無窮碧,映日荷花別樣紅”(楊萬里)
④紅藕香殘玉簟秋,輕解羅裳,獨(dú)上蘭舟(李清照《一剪梅》)⑤葉上初陽干宿雨,水面清圓,一一風(fēng)荷舉。(北宋·周邦彥《蘇幕遮》)
⑥荷葉羅裙一色裁,芙蓉向臉兩邊開。亂入池中看不見,聞歌始覺有人來。(唐王昌齡《采蓮曲》)⑦小荷才露尖尖角,早有蜻蜓立上頭。(楊萬里《小池》)
2.給下列加點(diǎn)的字注音。蓊蓊郁郁(wěng)
裊娜(niǎo nuó)踱步(duó)
霎時(shí)(shà)
......彌望(mí)斑駁(bó)
渺茫(miǎo)
點(diǎn)綴(zhuì)....3.解釋下列詞語。
幽僻:幽深、僻靜。
蓊蓊郁郁:草木茂盛的樣子。踱:慢步行走。
彌望:滿眼。彌,滿。
裊娜:柔美的樣子。
脈脈:這里形容水沒有聲音,好像深含感情。
風(fēng)致:美的姿態(tài)。
斑駁:原指一種顏色中雜有別的顏色,這里有深淺不一的意思。一例:一律。
豐姿:風(fēng)度儀態(tài),一般指美好的姿態(tài)。也寫作“風(fēng)姿”。碧:青翠欲滴的樣子。
大意:這里指大概的輪廓。
【自主學(xué)習(xí)整體感知】
1.說說作者夜游荷塘的行蹤,理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
空間線索——明線:出家門、踱小路、觀荷塘(月下荷塘——塘上月色——荷塘四周)、回家
2.找出最能體現(xiàn)作者感情基調(diào)的語句,體會(huì)這句話的含義和在文中的作用。
“這幾天心里頗不寧靜?!边@是社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的劇烈動(dòng)蕩在作者心中激起的波瀾,此句稱“文眼”,放在篇首,如一錘定音,為全文定下了抒情的基調(diào)。
【課內(nèi)探究案】
1.作者為什么要想到《西洲曲》和江南采蓮的舊俗?
作者苦悶、憂愁、煩躁、困惑,這時(shí)候作者想到《西洲曲》和采蓮,折射出他對現(xiàn)實(shí)的不滿和否定,對美好生活的向往。這個(gè)是時(shí)代變化在作者心靈的投影。
2.下面四句詩,哪一句最符合作者寫《荷塘月色》一文的動(dòng)機(jī)和心情?(4)(l)抽刀斷水水更流,借酒消愁愁更愁。
(2)問君能有幾多愁,恰似一江春水向東流。
(3)欲上高樓去避愁,愁還隨我上高樓。
(4)剪不斷,理還亂,才下眉頭,又上心頭。3.朗讀全文,說說全文的感情脈絡(luò):
感情脈絡(luò)——暗線:不寧靜——找寧靜——暫得寧靜——失寧靜——回到現(xiàn)實(shí)的不寧靜中來。
【回顧總結(jié) 學(xué)習(xí)借鑒】
外結(jié)構(gòu)(空間上)
內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)(心理上)
第二課時(shí) 【課前預(yù)習(xí)案】
梳理四、五、六段文字的內(nèi)容。
1.作者給我們描繪了如畫的美景,你能給這三幅畫起個(gè)名字嗎?
月下荷塘(4段)——塘上月色(5段)——荷塘四周(6段)
2.第四段的畫面依次描繪了哪些景物?
荷葉、荷花、荷香、荷波、荷韻
3.第五段作者借哪些景物,寫出荷塘上月色的特點(diǎn)?
借葉、花、樹,寫出了月色朦朧飄渺的特點(diǎn)。
4.第六段寫了荷塘四周的景色,與課文第2段照應(yīng),試比較兩段寫景的異同。
相同:都寫了荷塘四周景物,都寫了樹、小路。
不同:第2段重點(diǎn)寫了小煤屑路的寂靜、陰森,寫得簡略。而本段著筆點(diǎn)是樹,著眼點(diǎn)是月,以樹寫月。由外到內(nèi)到外;由遠(yuǎn)到近到遠(yuǎn)。由近及遠(yuǎn),寫了樹色、煙霧、遠(yuǎn)山、燈光,再由靜到動(dòng),寫到蟬聲、蛙聲。
【課內(nèi)探究案】(見導(dǎo)案分析)
1.從文中找自己喜歡的句子,進(jìn)行品味、賞析。(4——6段每段至少兩句)
2.通感,即指“一種感覺超越了本身的局限而領(lǐng)會(huì)到屬于另一種感覺的印象”,亦即把人們的各種感覺(視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、味覺、觸覺等等)通過比喻或形容溝通起來的修辭方式。因此,通感又被人們稱為“移覺”。如:微風(fēng)過處,送來縷縷清香,仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的。
通感并不僅僅在文學(xué)作品中才被使用,日常用語中,也常常有通感。請舉兩例。
【回顧總結(jié) 學(xué)習(xí)借鑒】
【能力提升案】
一、仿句練習(xí):
1.詞語運(yùn)用的仿寫。要求學(xué)生圍繞一個(gè)中心寫一段話(寫景、狀物、敘事皆可)其中至少要用到五個(gè)疊字和兩個(gè)準(zhǔn)確生動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞或形容詞。(寫兩句)
例句:春天的腳步悄悄地走進(jìn)了校園, 微微的春風(fēng)吹醒了沉睡的花草, 草地上長出了青青的嫩葉。靜靜的春夜, 下起了綿綿細(xì)雨, 滋潤著萬物生長, 伴我進(jìn)入甜甜的夢鄉(xiāng)。(疊字、動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用得好)
2.比喻連用的仿寫。要求學(xué)生造一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用雙比喻(一個(gè)本體用兩個(gè)喻體)的句子。(至少兩句)
例句:走進(jìn)我們的教室, 彌望的是張張桌面上豎起一排排圍墻, 又如學(xué)校花園里的一條條綠化帶。(雙比喻運(yùn)用恰當(dāng))
二、課文學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)(寫一篇200——300字的賞析短文): 角度:主題、語言、寫作技巧、文章結(jié)構(gòu)思路等。
三、討論:余光中先生在《論朱自清的散文》(見課后練習(xí))一文中,指出《荷塘月色》善用明喻,好用女性意象,認(rèn)為這些譬喻大半泛浮,輕易,陰柔,在想象上都不出色,且傷感濫情,試重溫《背影》《荷塘月色》《匆匆》《春》《溫州的蹤跡》《槳聲燈影里的秦淮河》等散文,談?wù)勀愕睦斫馀c看法。
第五篇:豆腐頌 學(xué)案 老師
豆腐頌 林海音
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):
1.了解作者林海音;
2.知道課文是從幾個(gè)方面來贊頌豆腐,更深層次地了解豆腐;
3、學(xué)習(xí)文章托物言志的寫法,體會(huì)豆腐中蘊(yùn)含的文化意義;
4、產(chǎn)生對豆腐的喜愛之情,并以我們的“中國豆腐”為榮。
背景鏈接:
林海音(1918-2001),原名林含英,小名英子,原籍臺灣省苗栗縣,父母曾東渡日本經(jīng)商時(shí)生下了她,不久即返臺,當(dāng)時(shí)臺灣已被日本帝國主義侵占,其父不甘在日寇鐵蹄下生活,舉家遷居北京,小英子即在北京長大。在北京長大和讀書,受到京味文化中那種雍容大度、典雅文風(fēng)的影響。
曾就讀于北京新聞??茖W(xué)校,畢業(yè)后任《世界日報(bào)》記者。1948年8月回到故鄉(xiāng)臺灣,任《國語日報(bào)》編輯。1953主編《聯(lián)合報(bào)》副刊,開始文藝創(chuàng)作,兼任《文星》雜志編輯,1967年創(chuàng)辦《純文學(xué)雜志》,后又經(jīng)營純文學(xué)出版社。
她是一位文風(fēng)獨(dú)特的女作家,也是一位慧眼識文的編輯、出版人。她回到臺灣后,一直眷戀著養(yǎng)育她成長的那片土地,她說過:“我所能感覺到的鄉(xiāng)情有兩種:一種是臺灣的。許多親友聽說我‘少小離家老大回’,都來接風(fēng)敘舊,對于我的‘鄉(xiāng)音未改’,尤其感到愉快。另一種是大陸的。例如山東朋友明明聽我是‘京油子’,卻堅(jiān)稱我是老鄉(xiāng)。廣義的說,都是從大陸上來的。”她把對大陸的鄉(xiāng)愁,融入筆端,那滿懷鄉(xiāng)思的情感打動(dòng)了無數(shù)讀者的心。
林海音的創(chuàng)作訖今為止,已出版十八本書。散文集《兩地》、《作客美國》等;短篇小說集《城南舊事》、《婚姻的故事》等;長篇小說《春風(fēng)》。
課文預(yù)習(xí):
1、注音
鰣()魚 香椿()菽()乳 奶酪()臊子()白梗()合作討論、課堂學(xué)習(xí):
1、文章圍繞豆腐侃侃而談,涉及正史與逸聞、傳說與民俗、時(shí)事與個(gè)人經(jīng)歷,以及醫(yī)學(xué)、文學(xué)、美食知識,真是五花八門,請梳理文章,概括出所寫內(nèi)容。1、2節(jié) 豆腐之美 3、4節(jié) 豆腐的作用:營養(yǎng)價(jià)值高,養(yǎng)顏 5、6節(jié) 工藝做法:泡-磨-濾-添-壓 7、8節(jié) 豆腐的歷史變遷:漢-宋-清
9節(jié)
“豆腐”名稱的沿革
10節(jié)
豆腐是“貧苦老實(shí)和勤勞”的象征
11-16節(jié) “麻婆豆腐”的傳說和做法
17-19節(jié) 作家梁容若在困苦中“知道豆腐的價(jià)值”,及有關(guān)“豆腐全席”的見聞和感受 20-21 節(jié) 贊美中國豆腐的文化味道。
2、文章題目是《豆腐頌》,“頌”,即贊美、贊頌,課文中哪句話最集中地表達(dá)了作者對豆腐的贊美?
它是平民的,但并不平凡,我們的“中國豆腐”!
3、如何理解這句話。
“平民”:
豆腐普及——有中國人的地方就有豆腐;
易于搭配——可和各種鮮艷的顏色、奇異的香味搭配;它和??沒有不結(jié)緣的;
制作簡易----
5、6段
“不平凡”:
可以和各種不同的菜肴搭配,從櫻桃到木耳,從鰣魚到羊雜,使菜肴顏色更鮮艷、香味更奇異——具有親和特性,可以和多層次菜肴和諧搭配,卻保持本色。
營養(yǎng)豐富——引用諺語,說服有力;
歷史悠久——已有2100多年的歷史,從平民到貴族。象征意義:老實(shí)、勤勞、清正、廉潔。
豆腐頌(第二課時(shí))林海音
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):
1.學(xué)習(xí)文章托物言志的寫法,體會(huì)豆腐中蘊(yùn)含的文化意義;
2、產(chǎn)生對豆腐的喜愛之情,并以我們的“中國豆腐”為榮。
1、文章最后用2位作家來證明“豆腐的價(jià)值”,來闡明“豆腐修養(yǎng)”,揭示了豆腐的文化內(nèi)涵,結(jié)合全文,思考豆腐有哪些文化內(nèi)涵?
平和寬厚、真情互動(dòng) “人跟人相處,你不能蠻橫的要求對方的心情必須永遠(yuǎn)是、春天。朋友難免失言、失態(tài)、失禮、失約。那時(shí)候,只有像豆腐那樣柔軟的寬厚心情,才能容忍對方一時(shí)的過失。朋友相交,夫妻相處,如果沒有豆腐修養(yǎng),很可能造成終身的遺憾?!闭埬鷶⑹鲇H身經(jīng)歷體驗(yàn)的故事來談?wù)勀鷮@段話的理解。
豆腐是柔軟、平和的,那么人與人相處也應(yīng)相互體諒,這正是中國人“溫柔敦厚”、“中庸平和”的特質(zhì),突出一種豆腐式的陰柔之美。而該特質(zhì)卻是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的核心表現(xiàn).豆腐也是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一個(gè)象征載體,它寄予了我們現(xiàn)代人在人際交往過程中也應(yīng)具備謙和、寬容、容忍的豆腐素養(yǎng)。
2、豆腐對于中國人來講是再普通不過的食品,作者為什么要寫這樣一個(gè)題目?
《豆腐頌》可算是飲食小品散文,寫的是豆腐,但卻依托豆腐言志,即認(rèn)同和贊美中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一個(gè)特質(zhì),贊頌豆腐具有中國文化精神的一個(gè)特征——平易而脫俗,平和而寬厚,樸素而雋永。
3、歸納本文的寫作特點(diǎn)
以小見大,托物言情 灼灼赤子心,濃濃中國情
4、請你用以小見大的手法寫下你心中認(rèn)為能代表“中國”的事物(中國結(jié) 餃子 印章 瓷器)如: 中國結(jié)的文化內(nèi)涵
中國人是龍的傳人。龍神的形象,在史前時(shí)代,是用繩結(jié)的變化來體現(xiàn)的。“結(jié)”字也是一個(gè)表示力量、和諧,充滿情感的字眼,無論是結(jié)合、結(jié)交、結(jié)緣、團(tuán)結(jié)、結(jié)果,還是結(jié)發(fā)夫妻,永結(jié)同心,“結(jié)”給人都是一種團(tuán)圓、親密、溫馨的美感?!袄K結(jié)”這種具有生命力的民間技藝也就自然作為中國傳統(tǒng)文化的精髓,興盛長遠(yuǎn),流傳至今。
中國結(jié)不僅具有造型、色彩之美,而且因其以形意得名,如盤長結(jié)、藻井結(jié)、雙錢結(jié)等,體現(xiàn)了我國古代的文化信仰及濃郁的宗教色彩,體現(xiàn)著人們追求真、善、美的良好的愿望。在新婚的帖鉤上,裝飾一個(gè)“盤長結(jié)”,寓意一對相愛的人永遠(yuǎn)相隨相依,永不分離。在佩玉上裝飾一個(gè)“如意結(jié)”,引申為稱心如意,萬事如意。在扇子上裝飾一個(gè)“吉祥結(jié)”,代表大吉大利,吉人天相,祥瑞、美好。在煙袋上裝飾一個(gè)“蝴蝶結(jié)”,“蝴”與“?!敝C音,寓意福在眼前,福運(yùn)迭至。
傳說中國結(jié)是由一個(gè)和尚在閑暇之余用一根繩編出一個(gè)整結(jié),然后串上名貴的佛飾品,在按上編出”王“字的穗,流傳至今。當(dāng)時(shí)的和尚,為了體現(xiàn)他“一心一意”向佛所以是用一根線編出來的,穗上為了體現(xiàn)他”至高無上“的信仰故編出”王“字。后來,逐漸流入社會(huì),中國結(jié)的意義也從信仰改變?yōu)橹袊藢τH情、友情、愛情的”一心一意”及擁有者”至高無上”身份的象征。
龍圖騰 所謂圖騰,就是原始時(shí)代的人們把某種動(dòng)物,植物或無生物當(dāng)作自己的親屬,祖先或保護(hù)神。相信它們不僅不會(huì)傷害自己,而且還能保護(hù)自己,并且能獲得它們的超人的力量,勇氣和技能。人們以尊敬的態(tài)度對待它們,一般情況下不得傷害。氏族,家族等社會(huì)組織以圖騰命名,并以圖騰作為標(biāo)志。
所謂圖騰文化,就是由圖騰關(guān)念衍生的種種文化現(xiàn)象,也就是原始時(shí)代的人們把圖騰當(dāng)做親屬,祖先或保護(hù)神之后,為了表示自己對圖騰的崇敬而創(chuàng)造的各種文化現(xiàn)象,這些文化現(xiàn)象英語統(tǒng)稱之為totemism。
八、作業(yè) 整理學(xué)案,完成上交。