第一篇：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)典型錯(cuò)誤例析2011.7.22

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)典型錯(cuò)誤例析

在初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)階段，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是非常重要的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，并且也是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)問題的關(guān)鍵所在，現(xiàn)將使用英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)這兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目過程中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的典型錯(cuò)誤列舉如下：

1.對(duì)不起，我沒看見張先生在這兒。

[誤] Sorry, I don't see Mr Zhang here.[正] Sorry, I didn't see Mr Zhang here.[析] 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，本句是指剛才沒看見對(duì)方在這，而不是現(xiàn)在沒看見對(duì)方在這，所以要用一般過去時(shí)。

2.你能告訴我北京冬天是否下雪嗎？

[誤] Could you tell me if it snowed in winter in Beijing?

[正] Could you tell me if it snows in winter in Beijing?

[析] 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)除表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作外，還可表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，即現(xiàn)階段的一個(gè)事實(shí)，句中不需要任何經(jīng)常性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)配合。could表示一種客氣的語(yǔ)氣，不表示過去時(shí)態(tài)。

3.他說他第二天要去合肥出差。

[誤] He said he will go to Hefei on business the next day.[正] He said he would go to Hefei on business the next day.[析] 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句表示過去的將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，要用過去將來時(shí)。

4.我忘了把你的傘帶來了。

[誤] I forget to bring your umbrella with me.[正] I forgot to bring your umbrella with me.[析] 不用forget，而用forgot，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)記起來了，forgot是說話這一時(shí)刻之前的動(dòng)作。由于受漢語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣的影響，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)觀念不強(qiáng)，誤把一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)當(dāng)作一般過去時(shí)。

5.他父親離開祖國(guó)已經(jīng)50年了。

[誤] His father has left his homeland for fifty years.[正] His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years.[析] 短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)(肯定式)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，要么改為表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，要么用下列句式來表達(dá)(以此句為例)：

His father left his homeland fifty years ago.It is fifty years since his father left his homeland.It has been fifty years since his father left his homeland.Fifty years have passed since his father left his homeland.6.“你去過北京嗎？”“是的，我去過?！?/p>

[誤] “Have you gone to Beijing?”“Yes, I have gone there.”

[正] “Have you been to Beijing?”“Yes, I have been there.”

[析] Have you gone to Beijing?是“你已經(jīng)到北京了嗎？”，指目前人已在北京或在赴北京的途中。說話的時(shí)候，顯然你已不在北京了，所以說用在這兒不恰當(dāng)。表示“過去曾去過某處而現(xiàn)在又回來了”須用have been。

7.如果明天不下雨，我們就去參觀美術(shù)展覽。

[誤] We shall see an exhibition of pain-

tings if it won't rain tomorrow.[正] We shall see an exhibition of pain-

tings if it doesn't rain tomorrow.[析] 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。

8.在過去幾年中，我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

[誤] There were great changes in our home-town in the past few years.[正] There have been great changes in our hometown in the past few years.[析] “In / During the past / last + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”是完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志之一，不要被past / last所迷惑，而用了過去時(shí)。

9.我不知道那艘船明天是否會(huì)準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)到。

[誤] I wonder if the ship arrives on time tomorrow.[正] I wonder if the ship will arrive on time tomorrow.[析] 這里if連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”(=whether)，而不是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如果”。因此根據(jù)句意仍需用一般將來時(shí)。

10.自從1978年以來我們的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

[誤] Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since 1978.[正] Great changes have taken place in our hometown since 1978.[析] take place和happen都是不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

11.那個(gè)村也叫國(guó)際會(huì)議村。

[誤] The village also called the International Meeting Village.[正] The village is also called the International Meeting Village.[析] 英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，因此在also前應(yīng)加is。

12.我們學(xué)校也教俄語(yǔ)。

[誤] Our school also teaches Russian.[正] Russian is also taught in our school.[析] 當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要指明或?yàn)榇蠹宜獣r(shí)，通常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。顯然our school不是teach的執(zhí)行者，而應(yīng)該是沒有表示出來的teachers，因此，要把動(dòng)作的承受者Russian用作主語(yǔ)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來表達(dá)。

13.我們都認(rèn)識(shí)那位科學(xué)家。

[誤] The scientist is known by us all.[正] The scientist is known to us all.[析] by表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。而表示范圍、地點(diǎn)等用法時(shí)，要用介詞to或in。

14.孩子們陸續(xù)地走進(jìn)了博物館。

[誤] The museum was entered by the children one by one.[正] The children entered the museum one by one.[析] 某些及物動(dòng)詞，如leave, enter, reach, join等后接表示地點(diǎn)、處所、組織名稱的名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

15.他在會(huì)上向我們作了自我介紹。

[誤] Himself was introduced to us at the meeting by him.[正] He introduced himself to us at the meeting.[析] 反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

16.這本雜志在這兒很暢銷。

[誤] This magazine is sold well here.[正] This magazine sells well here.[析] 有些動(dòng)詞，如：act, add, brush, burn, clean, cook, count, cut, draw, drive, keep, lock, look, open, read, sell, smoke, strike, wash, wear, write等，其主動(dòng)形式在一些具體場(chǎng)合表示被動(dòng)意義。這類句子的特點(diǎn)是：主語(yǔ)往往是“物”而不是“人”。另外，后面往往帶有well這一類副詞，或者修飾主語(yǔ)的形容詞。

第二篇：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)教案專題

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)教案

徐紅平2012-9動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

目標(biāo)：1.掌握英語(yǔ)的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)和幾種?？紩r(shí)態(tài)

2.了解并熟練掌握高考的幾種熱點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)

3.區(qū)分并正確運(yùn)用幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)

一、英語(yǔ)的常見時(shí)態(tài)：

一般

進(jìn)行

完成完成進(jìn)行

現(xiàn)在

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去

一般過去時(shí)

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

將來

一般將來時(shí)

將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

將來完成時(shí) /

過去將來

過去將來時(shí)

/ / /

練兵場(chǎng)——穩(wěn)操勝券

1.Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026 ______ off at 18∶20.A.takes

B.took

C.will be taken

D.has taken 答案 A 解析: 飛機(jī)、火車等按時(shí)刻表運(yùn)行，表達(dá)時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。

2.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.She_before.A.hasn’t flown

B.didn’t fly

C.hadn’t flown

D.wasn’t flying

答案 C 解析: hadn’t flown動(dòng)作發(fā)生在was nervous之前。

3.My cousin went to Canada two years ago.He ______ there for a few months and then went to America.A.worked

B.would work

C.would be working

D.has been working 答案 A 解析: 考查一般過去時(shí)的基本用法。句中并列連詞and連接兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的順承的動(dòng)作，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該一致。

4.--Your job ______ open for your return.--Thanks.A.will be kept

B.will keep

C.had kept

D.had been kept 答案 A 解析: keep the job/the position open使工作、職位等處于空缺狀態(tài)，由句意“隨時(shí)歡迎你回來工作”可知用將來時(shí)。

5.--______ you ______ him around the museum yet?--Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have;shown

B.Do;show C.Had;shown

D.Did;show 答案 A 解析: 此處表示說話者詢問對(duì)方“有沒有帶領(lǐng)他參觀博物館”的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。6.--I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.--Impossible.She ______ TV with me in my home then.A.watched

B.had watched

C.would watch

D.was watching 答案 D 解析: 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：“我昨晚8點(diǎn)鐘在公園看見簡(jiǎn)和她男朋友了！”“不可能。她當(dāng)時(shí)正在我家和我一起看電視?！贝颂帟r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為then，指的是at eight yesterday evening，指過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。7.The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time.A.sold

B.had been sold

C.were sold

D.would sell 答案 C 解析: 由“were so...”可知此處用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)；flowers應(yīng)該是“被賣光”，故用被動(dòng)形式。8.--What’s that noise?

--Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine ______.A.was tested

B.will be tested C.is being tested

D.has been tested 答案 C 解析: 根據(jù)一對(duì)一的問答可知，“機(jī)器正在被檢測(cè)”，故選C項(xiàng)。

9.In a room above the store，where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held

B.has been held C.will be held

D.is being held 答案 A 解析: 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)“some workers were busily setting the table”判斷，聚會(huì)還沒舉行，應(yīng)用將來時(shí)態(tài)，且整個(gè)句子用了過去時(shí)，故用過去將來時(shí)態(tài)。10.--I have got a headache.--No wonder.You ______ in front of that computer too long.A.work

B.are working

C.have been working

D.worked 答案 C 解析: 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由“I have got a headache”可知，空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作“從過去開始持續(xù)至今且還會(huì)進(jìn)行下去”，體現(xiàn)過去開始的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響及結(jié)果。

二、熱點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài): 一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.I ______ you not to move my dictionary--now I cannot find it.A.asked

B.ask

C.was asking

D.had asked 2.--The window is dirty.--I know.It ____ for weeks.A.hasn’t cleaned B.didn’t clear C.wasn’t cleaned D.hasn’t been cleaned 3.She was surprised to find the fridge empty;the child _____ everything!A.had been eating

B.had eaten

C.have eaten

D.have been eating 4.--Has Sam finished his homework today?

--I have no idea.He ______ it this morning.A.did

B.has done

C.was doing

D.had done 5.--Have you decided already?

--Yes, I______ at once.--Yes, I______ already.A.have decided

B.decided

C.will decide

D.had decided

三、易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析: 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1).Listen to the two girls by the window.What language ____ they _______(speak)? 2).I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.A.will play

B.have played

C.played

D.play 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)指經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示此刻或近一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

2.一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1).He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it.A.wrote;has finished

B.was writing;has finished C.was writing;had finished

D.wrote;will finish

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行而尚未完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2).As she _______ the newspaper, Granny _______ asleep.A.read;was falling

B.was reading;fell

C.was reading;was falling

D.read;fell

長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行時(shí),被一個(gè)短動(dòng)作打斷,長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作用進(jìn)行體,短動(dòng)作用一般體。一般過去時(shí)表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，具有持續(xù)和未完成的含義。3.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1).I _______(live)there for six years when I was a kid.2).He ________ abroad for ten years and now he is used to the life in Beijing.A.has lived

B.had lived

C.lived

D.was living 3).When I was at college I _______ three foreign languages but I ________ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten

B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoken;had forgotten

D.had spoken;have forgotten 二者所表示動(dòng)作均發(fā)生在過去。一般過去時(shí)僅指動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生了，對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒有影響；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作雖發(fā)生在過去，但影響到現(xiàn)在仍然存在。

四、挑戰(zhàn)高考——信心滿滿

1.Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your seat belts.The plane ______.A.takes off

B.is taking off

C.has taken off

D.took off 答案 B 解析: 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞go，come，leave及詞組take off等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

2.John，a friend of mine，who got married only last week，spent $ 3，000 more than he ______ for the wedding.A.will plan

B.has planned

C.would plan

D.had planned 答案 D 解析: plan表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在spend這一過去動(dòng)作之前，故應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。句意為：我的朋友約翰上周結(jié)婚了，婚禮花去了3 000美元，超過了原計(jì)劃。3.--Did you see a man in black pass by just now?--No, sir.I ______ a newspaper.A.read

B.was reading C.would read

D.am reading 答案 B 解析: 由just now判斷應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)，又由語(yǔ)境“穿黑衣服的人路過時(shí)，我正在看報(bào)，所以沒看見他”知空處要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

4.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ______ there several years ago.A.are going

B.had been

C.went

D.have been 答案 C 解析: 句中several years ago是一般過去時(shí)的標(biāo)志。5.--Have you got any job offers?--No.I ______.A.waited

B.had been waiting

C.have waited

D.am waiting 答案 D 解析: 句意為：“有人給你提供工作了嗎？”“沒有，我正在等著?！庇矛F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

6.When you are home, give a call to let me know you ______ safely.A.are arriving

B.have arrived

C.had arrived

D.will arrive 答案 B 句意: 當(dāng)你到家的時(shí)候，打電話給我讓我知道你已經(jīng)到家了。

解答：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察時(shí)態(tài)。此題可以根據(jù)句意也可以使用排除法。句意為“當(dāng)你到家的時(shí)候，打電話給我讓我知道你已經(jīng)到家了”B選項(xiàng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來完成，譯為“已經(jīng)??”。同時(shí)也可以使用排除法，arrive既可以使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來也可以用will + do表示將來，因此A和D同時(shí)排除，C為過去完成時(shí)，使用過去完成時(shí)時(shí)句中一定要有一般過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)是過去的過去，因此C也排除，選擇B.7.--Tommy is planning to buy a car.--I know.By next month, he _______ enough for a used one.A.saves

B.saved

C.will save

D.will have saved 答案 D 解析: 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“——Tommy將計(jì)劃買車?！抑?，到下個(gè)月為止，他積攢的錢足夠買一輛舊車了?！眀y next month是將來完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，全句表示在將來next month之前完成“積攢足夠錢”的動(dòng)作，對(duì)將來的時(shí)間next month產(chǎn)生影響，能買一輛舊車。故選D。

8.--That must have been a long trip.--Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there.A.takes

B.has taken

C.took

D.was taking 答案 C 解析: 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“——那一定是長(zhǎng)途旅行。——是的，我們花了整整一周時(shí)間才趕到那兒?！鳖}干中must have done是對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè)，提示時(shí)間在過去，描述過去的情況，排除A和B，D項(xiàng)was taking進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來，但事實(shí)上事情已發(fā)生，這與題意不符，因此選C。

9.When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ______ there.A.had been lying

B.has been lying

C.was lying

D.has lain 答案 A 解析: 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“當(dāng)Alice蘇醒過來時(shí)，她不知道她在那兒躺了多久了。”過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示持續(xù)到過去某時(shí)之前的動(dòng)作。came to蘇醒過來是過去時(shí)，蘇醒前的情況是過去的過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的過去里發(fā)生的事，故選A。

10.Planning so far ahead _ no sense--so many things will have changed by next year.A.made

B.is making

C.makes

D.has made 答案 C 解析: 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“計(jì)劃這么超前毫無意義—到明年許多事情會(huì)發(fā)生變化的。”前句表示現(xiàn)在的情況make no sense，后句表示到將來會(huì)產(chǎn)生的后果will have changed。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)。is making和has made表示具體的動(dòng)作過程，故不選。因此選C。

第三篇：英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)

英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致練習(xí)

l.Last week two engineers_______ to help solve the technical problems of the project.A)have sent

B)were sent

C)sent

D)had sent 2.She was quite sure that she _____ the door before she left the office.A)will lock

B)would lock

C)has locked

D)had locked 3.Now the air pollution in this city _____ more and more serious with each passing day.A)to become

B)became

C)becoming

D)is becoming 4.Since the new technology was introduced last month, we________ in speeding up production.A)succeed

B)succeeded

C)have succeeded

D)will succeed 5.By the time you get to the office I _______ all the documents for the meeting.A)was preparing

B)prepared

C)had prepared

D)will have prepared 6.As he _______to submit the accounting report before 4:30 pm, the assistant hurried to Mr.Smith's office.A)was required

B)had required

C)requires

D)required 7.The team is going out to hold a party tomorrow after it______ the project.A)completes

B)completed

C)will complete

D)will have completed 8.By the end of next year, I ____ for the company for 10 years.A)work

B)am working

C)had worked

D)will have worked 9.According to the time table, the train for Beijing ______ at 9:10 p.m.from Monday to Friday.A)was leaving

B)is leaving

C)leaves

D has left 10.We don't have to hurry as the bus _____ for London at five in the evening.A)leaves

B)left

C)has been leaving

D)has left

第四篇：(整理)中考英語(yǔ)常用詞組及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)小結(jié)

初中英語(yǔ)常用詞組復(fù)習(xí)

一、動(dòng)詞詞組(包括短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)、介詞詞組和其他詞組

(一)由be構(gòu)成的詞組

1)be back/in/out

回來/在家/外出

2)be at home/work 在家/上班

3)be good at 善于，擅長(zhǎng)于

4)be careful of 當(dāng)心，注意，仔細(xì)

5)be covered with 被……復(fù)蓋

6)be ready for 為……作好準(zhǔn)備

7)be surprised(at)對(duì)……感到驚訝

8)be interested in

對(duì)……感到舉

9)be born 出生

10)be on 在進(jìn)行，在上演，（燈）亮著

11)be able to do sth.能夠做…… 12)be afraid of(to do sth.that…)害怕……(不敢做……，恐怕……)

13)be angry with sb.生(某人)的氣

14)be pleased(with)對(duì)……感到高興(滿意)

15)be famous for 以……而著名

16)be strict in(with)(對(duì)工作、對(duì)人)嚴(yán)格要求

17)be from 來自……，什么地方人

18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 餓了/渴了/累了

19)be worried 擔(dān)憂

20)be(well)worth doing(非常)值得做……

21)be covered with 被……所覆蓋……

22)be in(great)need of(很)需要

23)be in trouble 處于困境中

24)be glad to do sth.很高興做……

25)be late for ……遲到

26)be made of(from)由……制成27)be satisfied with 對(duì)……感到滿意

28)be free 空閑的，有空

29)be(ill)in bed 臥病在床

30)be busy doing(with)忙于做……(忙于……)

(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、look、put、set、send、take、turn、play等動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的詞組< 1)come back 回來

2)come down 下來

3)come in 進(jìn)入，進(jìn)來

4)come on 快，走吧，跟我來

5)come out出來

6)come out of 從……出來

7)come up 上來

8)come from 來自……

9)do one's lessons/homework 做功課/回家作業(yè)

10)do more speaking/reading 多做口頭練習(xí)/朗讀

11)do one's best 盡力

12)do some shopping(cooking reading, cleaning)買東西(做飯菜，讀點(diǎn)書，大掃除)13)do a good deed(good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)

14)do morning exercises 做早操 15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操 16)do well in 在……某方面干得好 17)get up 起身

18)get everything ready 把一切都準(zhǔn)備好 19)get ready for(=be ready for)為……作好準(zhǔn)備

20)get on(well)with 與……相處(融洽)21)get back 返回 22)get rid of 除掉，去除 23)get in 進(jìn)入，收集 24)get on/off 上/下車 25)get to 到達(dá)

26)get there 到達(dá)那里

27)give sb.a call 給……打電話 28)give a talk 作報(bào)告

29)give a lecture(a piano concert)作講座(舉行鋼琴音樂會(huì))30)give back 歸還，送回

31)give……some advice on 給……一些忠告

32)give lessons to 給……上課 33)give in 屈服 34)give up 放棄

35)give sb.a chance 給……一次機(jī)會(huì) 36)give a message to…… 給……一個(gè)口信

37)go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧38)go to the cinema 看電影

39)go go bed 睡覺(make the bed 整理床鋪)

40)go to school(college)上學(xué)(上大學(xué))41)go to(the)hospital 去醫(yī)院看病 42)go over 過一遍，復(fù)習(xí)/ go over to 朝……走去

43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去鉤魚/滑冰/游泳/買東

44)go home(there)回家去(去那兒)45)go round 順便去，繞道走 46)go up 上去

47)go out for a walk 外出散步 48)go on(doing)繼續(xù)(做……)49)go on with one's work 繼續(xù)某人的工作

50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下樓 51)(the lights)go out(燈)熄了

52)have a lesson(lessons)/a meeting 上課/開會(huì)

53)have a football match(basketball match)舉行一場(chǎng)足球(藍(lán)球)賽 54)have dictation 聽見 55)have a try 試一試

56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高興

57)have a lecture(a piano concert)聽講座(聽鋼琴音樂會(huì))

58)have a report(talk)on

聽一個(gè)關(guān)于……的報(bào)告

59)have a glass of water(a cup of tea)喝一杯水，(一杯茶)

60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯

61)have a meal(three meals)吃一頓飯(三餐飯)

62)have a dinner 吃正餐

63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早飯吃面包和牛奶

64)have(have got)a headache 頭痛 65)have a fever 發(fā)燒

66)have a cough(a cold)咳嗽(感冒)

67)have a look(at)看一看……

68)have a rest(a break)休息一會(huì)兒(工間或課間休息)69)have a talk 談話

70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步 71)have sports 進(jìn)行體育鍛煉

72)have a sports meet(meeting)開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) 73)have something done 讓人(請(qǐng)人)做……

74)have a test/an exam 測(cè)驗(yàn)/考試 75)have an idea 有了個(gè)主意

76)had better do sth.(not do sth.)最好做……(最好不要做……)

77)have a word with 與……談幾句話 78)help sb.with sth.help sb.do sth.在……方面幫助…… 幫助……做 79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 115)set out 出發(fā)

116)set an example for 為……樹立榜樣 117)send for 派人去請(qǐng)(叫)118)send out 放出，發(fā)出 156)do well in

在……干得好

157)enjoy doing sth.like doing sth.喜歡做某事

喜歡干某事

158)find out 發(fā)現(xiàn)，查出(真相等)請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)雞/魚/肉 80)help each other 互相幫助

81)keep up with 跟上……，不落后于……

82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安靜 83)keep sb.doing sth.使……一直做……

84)keep one's diary 記日記

85)make a noise(a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵鬧(十分嘈雜，響聲)86)make a living 謀生 87)make sb.do sth.迫使某人做…… 88)make faces(a face)做鬼臉 89)make friends(with)與……交朋友 90)make a mistake(mistakes)犯錯(cuò)誤 91)make room/space for 給……騰出地方 92)make a sentence(sentences)with 用……造句 93)make a fire 生火

94)be made from/of 由……制成 95)be made in 在……地方制造 96)look out of(outside)往外看(看外面)97)look up a word(in the dictionary)查字典

98)look up 往上看，仰望 99)look after 照管，照看，照顧 100)look for 尋找 101)look like 看上去像

102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起來氣色好/健康/疲勞/憂慮 103)look out 當(dāng)心，小心

104)look on …as… 把……當(dāng)作……看待

105)look around 朝四周看 106)look at 看著……

107)put on 穿上(衣服)，戴上(帽子)，上演(戲劇)108)put up 建造，搭起，掛起，舉起，張?zhí)?/p>

109)put into 使進(jìn)入，輸入 110)put one's heart into 全神貫注于 111)put…down… 把……放下 112)put…into…

把……譯成 113)set up 豎起，建起 114)set off 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身

119)end up 把……往上送，發(fā)射 120)take one's advice 聽從某人勸告 121)take out 拿出，取出 122)take down 拿下 123)take place 發(fā)生

124)take one's place 坐……的座位，代替某人職務(wù)

125)take the place of 代替…… 126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息 127)take it easy 別緊張 128)take sth.with sb.隨身帶著

129)take sb.to a park/London for one's holidays 帶某人去公園/倫敦度假 130)take care of 關(guān)心，照顧，保管 131)take a look(a last look)at 看一看(最后看一眼)

132)take an exam 參加考試 133)take away 拿走 134)take back 收回，帶回 135)take hold of 抓住……

136)take off 脫下(衣，帽，鞋等)拿掉 137)take(an active)part in(積極)參加(活動(dòng)

138)take photos 拍照

139)take some medicine 服藥

140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽車，火車/船

141)turn on 開，旋開(電燈，收音機(jī)等)142)turn off 關(guān)上(電燈，收音機(jī)等)143)turn in 交出，上交 144)turn…into… 變成 145)turn to

翻到，轉(zhuǎn)向 146)turn down(把音量)調(diào)低 147)turn…over 把……翻過來

148)play basketball 打籃球，football 踢足球，volleyball 打排球

149)play games 做游戲

150)play the piano(the violin)彈鋼琴(拉小提琴)

151)play with snow 玩雪

152)play a joke(on)對(duì)……開玩笑

(三)由其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的詞組 153)think over 仔細(xì)考慮 154)arrive at/in a place 到達(dá)某處 155)eat up 吃完，吃光

159)finish off 吃完，喝完 160)stop doing sth.停止做某事 161)stop to do sth.停下來去做某事 162)hold a meting 舉行會(huì)議 163)hold up

舉起 164)hurry up 趕快，快點(diǎn) 165)enter for 報(bào)名參加 166)langht at 嘲笑 167)be used to 習(xí)慣于 168)used to 過去常常 169)wake…up 喚醒 170)work out 算出

二、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)和其他詞組

1)ask for 向……要……，請(qǐng)求 2)ask for leave 請(qǐng)假 3)send for 派人去請(qǐng)(叫)4)pay for 付……的款 5)wait for

等候 6)thank for 為……感謝

7)apologize to sb.for sth.為某事向某人道歉

8)look for 尋找

9)leave…for

離開……去…… 10)fall off 跌落

11)catch a cold 著涼，傷風(fēng) 12)catch up with 趕上

13)agree with sb.贊成，同意某人的意見 14)filled……with 把……裝滿 15)tell sb.about sth.告訴某人某事 16)talk about 談?wù)摗?17)think about

考慮…… 18)worry about

擔(dān)憂…… 19)look after 照料

20)run after 追趕，跟在后面跑 21)read after 跟……讀 22)smile at 對(duì)……微笑 23)knock at 敲(門、窗)24)shout at 對(duì)……大喊(嚷)25)throw away 扔掉 26)work hard at 努力做…… 27)wait in line 排隊(duì)等候 28)change…into… 變成 29)hurry into… 匆忙進(jìn)入 30)run into… 跑進(jìn) 31)hear of 聽說 32)think of 認(rèn)為，考慮 33)catch hold of 抓住 34)instead of 代替…… 35)hand in 交上來 36)stay in bed 臥病在床 37)hear from 收到……來信 38)at once 立刻 39)at last 最后 40)at first 起先，首先

41)at the age of… 在……歲時(shí)

42)at the end of… 在……之末

43)at the beginning of… 在……之初 44)at the foot of…

在……腳下 45)at the same time 同時(shí) 46)at night/noon 在夜里/中午

47)with one's help 在某人的幫助下，由于某人的幫助

48)with the help of … 在……的幫助下 49)with a smile 面帶笑容 50)with one's own eyes 親眼看見 51)after a while 過了一會(huì)兒 52)from now on

從現(xiàn)在起

53)from then on 從那時(shí)起 54)far example 例如 55)far away from 遠(yuǎn)離

56)from morning till night 從早到晚 57)by and by 不久 58)by air mail 寄航空郵件 59)by ordinary mail 寄平信 60)by the way 順便說 61)by the window 在窗邊 62)by the end of… 到……底為止 63)little by little 逐漸地 64)in all 總共 65)in fact 事實(shí)上

66)in one's twenties 在某人二十幾歲時(shí) 67)in a hurry 匆忙

68)in the middle of 在……中間 69)in no time(in a minute)立刻，很快 70)in time(on time)

及時(shí)

71)in public 公眾，公開地 72)in order to 為了……

73)in front of 在……前面 74)in the sun 在陽(yáng)光下 75)in the end 最后，終于 76)in surprise 驚奇地 77)in turn 依次 78)of course 當(dāng)然 79)a bit(of)

有一點(diǎn)兒

80)a lot of 許多

81)on one's way to

某人在去……的路上

82)on foot 步行，走路

83)a talk on space 一個(gè)關(guān)于太空的報(bào)告 84)on the other hand 另一方面 85)at/on the weekend 在周末 86)on the left(right)在左(右)邊 87)on the other side of 在……另一邊 88)on the radio 通過收音機(jī)(無線電廣播)

89)to one's joy 使……高興的是 90)to one's surprise

使……驚訝的是

三、量詞詞組和其他詞組

(一)量詞詞組 1)a bit 一點(diǎn)兒

2)a few(of)一些(可數(shù))，幾個(gè)…… 3)a little

一些(不可數(shù))4)a lot of(lots of)

許多 5)a piece of 一張(一片，塊)6)a cup of

一茶懷 7)a glass of

一玻璃杯

8)a pile of(piles and piles of)一堆(一堆堆的)…… 9)a box of

一盒

10)a copy of

一份，一本 11)a bowl of

一碗 12)a basket of 一籃 13)a plate of

一盤 14)a bottle of

一瓶 15)a basin of 一臉盆 16)a set of 一套 17)a kind of 一種 18)a type of 一種類型的

19)a great deal of 非常多，大量的(不可數(shù)名詞)

20)a large(great)number of

非常多，大量的(可數(shù)名詞)

21)a great many 大量，許多(可數(shù)名詞)22)a different type of 一種不同型號(hào)的 23)a group of

一隊(duì)，一組，一群(二)其他詞組

1)all kinds of

各種各樣的

2)all over the world/the country 全世界/全國(guó)

3)all over 遍及每一部分，渾身 4)all one's life 一生 5)one after another

順次

6)the Children's Palace 少年宮 7)day after day 日復(fù)一日 8)up and down 上上下下 9)the day after tomorrow 后天

10)the day before yesterday 前天 11)the last/past two years(or so)最近兩年(左右)

12)the whole country/the whole world 全國(guó)/全世界

13)a moment ago 剛才 14)just now/then 剛才/那時(shí)

15)half an hour's walk 步行半小時(shí)的路程

16)late on 過后，后來

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

（一）動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài)，但是常用的只有9種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。下面分別介紹。

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

1）表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如： a.He goes to school every day.b.He is very happy.c.The earth moves around the sun.2)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如： a.If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.b.When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.3)有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如：

a.The meeting begins at seven.b.The rain starts at nine in the morning.4)表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

a.I like English very much.b.The story sound very interesting.5)書報(bào)的標(biāo)題、小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

1）表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。a.He saw Mr.Wang yesterday.b.He worked in a factory in 1986.2)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”。I used to smoke.During the vacation I wouldm in the sea.注：”used to “ 表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)?！皐ould + In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由 “have + 過去分詞其使用有兩種情況： 1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

He has gone to Fuzhou.He has been to Fuzhou.動(dòng)詞（work, study, live, teach 等）用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意思差不多。I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for three years.但多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)表示不同意思 I have been writing a letter.注意：表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞（finish, marry, get up, come, go 等）不能用這種時(shí)態(tài)。

（二）動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞原形”沒有 “現(xiàn)在不再……”含義。另外“to be used to +名詞（動(dòng)名詞）”表示“習(xí)慣于…..”

a.I am used to the climate here.b.He is used tomming in winter.3.一般將來時(shí)的用法

一般將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 動(dòng)詞原形 ”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。

It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.2）“be to + 動(dòng)詞原形” 表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見。

The boy is to go to school tomorrow.Are we to go on with this work? 3)“be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形” 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為 be ready to do sth.后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。We are about to leave.4)go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I’m leaving for Beijing.5)某些動(dòng)詞(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來。

The meeting starts at five o’clock.He gets off at the next stop.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“to be + 現(xiàn)在分詞” 構(gòu)成。另外，“系動(dòng)詞 + 介詞或副詞” 也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義。What are you doing? The bridge is under construction.2）表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞（如have, be , here, se, like 等）一般不用進(jìn)行。

5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由 “ was(were)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去常用 for 和since表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或so far , now, today, this wek(month, year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)。

He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.Now I have finished the work..注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞（如come, go , die, marry, buy 等）的完成時(shí)不能與for, since 等 表示一般時(shí)間的詞連用。3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可用時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。I’ll go o your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.7．過去完成時(shí)的用法

1）過去完成時(shí)由“had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成。過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。句中常用by, before, until, when 等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2)過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.8．過去將來時(shí)的用法

過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)由 “should 或 would + 動(dòng)詞原形” 構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should, 其他人稱用would.They were sure that they would succeed.9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由 “ have(has)+ been + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示現(xiàn)在以前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有些

1． 當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式叫主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式叫被動(dòng)作語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be 表現(xiàn)出來。

1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：You are required to do this.2）一般過去時(shí)：The story was told by her.3）一般將來時(shí)：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：The road is being widened.5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：The new tool was being made.6）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：The novel has been read.7）過去完成時(shí)：He said that the work had been finished.8）過去將來時(shí)：He said that the trees would be planted soon.2.一些特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

1）帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：The problem must be solved soon.2）帶不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：The room is going to be painted.The homework needs to be done with care.3)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)：

a.（不及物）動(dòng)詞+介詞：若這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物性的，則可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，如：laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。若這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物性的則不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，如：book up, look down.等

b.（及物）動(dòng)詞+副詞：bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等 c.動(dòng)詞+副詞 +介詞：do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等

d.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞：catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等

4)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。We always keep the classroom clean.(比較：The classroom is always kept clean.)5)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的詞。常見的眾所周知…… 有人會(huì)說…..大家認(rèn)為…..有人相信……

there be 小結(jié)

1.基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：There be +主語(yǔ) + 地點(diǎn) /時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： There is a computer in the 9.習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：There is no good /use(in)doing sth.做某事沒有好處/用處；There is not a moment to lose.一刻也不能耽誤。例如：There is no good making friends with him.和他交朋友沒有什么好處。He is very ill.Send him to hospital.There's not a moment to lose.他病得厲害，把他送到醫(yī)有：

room.房間里有一臺(tái)電腦。There are 院去，一刻也不能耽誤。a.主動(dòng)形式，這時(shí)動(dòng)名詞同句中的主語(yǔ)有two TV plays every evening.每晚有兩場(chǎng)

動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

電視劇。

The children need looking after.2.主謂一致： 要采取就近一致原則，The windows wants /requires repairing.和*近be的主語(yǔ)一致。如： There is a This point deserves mentioning.pen, two rulers in the box.盒子里有一只b.有些及物動(dòng)詞后須加副詞（如：well, 鋼筆，兩把尺子。There are two boys and a easily等），有些可不加，如： act, clean, teacher at the school gate.門口有兩個(gè)男cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, 孩，一個(gè)老師。

strike, wash, write 等。3.主語(yǔ)后的動(dòng)詞形式：在there be 句型The cloth washes/ sells well.中，主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分The door won’t shut.The play won’t act.詞；是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用過去分詞。如： c.形容詞worth后直接加動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，如：There is a purse lying on the ground.地上The book is worth reading twice.有一個(gè)錢包。There are five minutes left 某些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后，用不定式主動(dòng)形now.現(xiàn)在還有5分鐘。

式表示被動(dòng)意義。4.反意疑問句。反意疑問句應(yīng)與there beThe fish is not fit to eat.對(duì)應(yīng)，而不是依據(jù)主語(yǔ)。如：There is a d.某些感官動(dòng)詞（如：feel, look, prove, radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一smell , sound, taste, wear等）與形容詞連臺(tái)收音機(jī)，是吧？ There are more than 用時(shí)：The water feels very cold.fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你The dish tastes delicious.們班有50多名學(xué)生，是吧？

6)以下動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子不能改為被動(dòng)5.there be 與have的替換：there be表示句：

所屬時(shí)可與have替換。There is nothing a.動(dòng)詞leave, enter, reach 等的賓語(yǔ)是表but a book in my bag.=I have nothing but a 示處所、地點(diǎn)（國(guó)家、團(tuán)體，組織、軍隊(duì)）book in my bag.包里只有一本書。等。

6.there be后接不定式時(shí)常用主動(dòng)形式b.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：become, benefit, 表示被動(dòng)意義。如：There is a lot of work cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, to do.有許多工作要做。注意：當(dāng)該句型mean, suit, look like等。

主語(yǔ)是something, anything, nothing等不c.下列不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)：appear, belong 定代詞時(shí)，后面的不定式用主動(dòng)形式或被to , break out, die, happen, lie, occur, rise, 動(dòng)形式，意義各不同。There is nothing to take place, agree with, belong to, consist of , do.沒有事可做。There is nothing to be have on, keep up with 及一些固定詞組，done.沒有辦法(束手無策)。

如 keep words, lose heart, make a face等。7.與其它詞連用，構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。如：d.賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源代There may be a rain this afternoon.今天下詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，抽象名詞等。午可能有雨。There used to be a cinema 7）漢語(yǔ)有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)here before the war.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之前，這兒有一中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如： 家電影院。

據(jù)說……

8.變體 there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be有時(shí)可希望…… 用live, stand, remain等代替。如：Once 據(jù)推測(cè)說… there lived a king who cared more about 必須承認(rèn)…… new clothes than anything else.從前有位必須指出… 國(guó)王喜歡新服勝過別的任何東西。

第五篇：中考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)歸納與例析

中考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)歸納與例析

【重點(diǎn)講解】

在漢語(yǔ)里不管什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞的形式不變。但在英語(yǔ)里不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來表示，這種動(dòng)詞形式稱為“時(shí)態(tài)”。英語(yǔ)共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，常用的有8種。

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。

1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，以及現(xiàn)在的特征等。常與often, always, usually, on Monday, every day(week, month, year…)等連用。如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，行為動(dòng)詞要在原形后加-s或-es。例如：

I often go swimming in the river in summer.我夏天經(jīng)常在河里游泳。She usually does her homework at 5:00 p.m.in the afternoon.她經(jīng)常在下午五點(diǎn)鐘做作業(yè)。

2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由 “be(is/am/are)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行和發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：

---Look!What are they doing over there? 看！他們?cè)谀沁吀墒裁矗?--They are playing football.他們?cè)谔咦闱颉?/p>

3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由 “have/has + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其用法主要有兩種：一是強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在過去并在說話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所造成的結(jié)果和影響；二是動(dòng)作始于過去，現(xiàn)在仍繼續(xù)，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段或點(diǎn)以及so far, already, yet, in the past few weeks, before等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：

I lost my ticket for the film.I haven?t found it yet.我把電影票丟了, 到現(xiàn)在還沒有找到。

The Smiths have lived in Shenzhen for ten years.斯密斯一家已經(jīng)在深圳住了十年。

2、一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)的用法。

1）一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的事情、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。行為動(dòng)詞一般過去式的規(guī)則變化是在詞尾加-ed/d。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有yesterday, last night, just now, five days ago等以及由after, before, when, while等。例如：

Our family went to Shanghai five days ago.五天前，我們一家去了上海。She turned off the light after she finished washing clothes.她在洗完衣服之后就關(guān)燈了。

2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由 “was/were + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與at that time, this time yesterday, at 8 yesterday morning, from 10 to 11 last night 以及when, while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等連用。例如：

I was watching TV this time yesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)間我正在看電視。The boys were having lessons at that time.那個(gè)時(shí)間男孩們正在上課。3）過去完成時(shí)由 “had +過去分詞”構(gòu)成,表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作, 即 “過去的過去”，句中常用by the end of last week, be fore, when 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：

The plane had taken off when he got to the airport.當(dāng)他到達(dá)飛機(jī)場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。

We had learned many English songs by the end of last term.到上個(gè)學(xué)期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了很多的英語(yǔ)歌曲。

4）過去將來時(shí)由 “would + 動(dòng)詞原形” 或 “was/were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成.表示從過去的某時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).常與the next morning, the following week等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,并多用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：

The teacher told us that we would have a maths test the following week.老師告訴我們下周要考數(shù)學(xué)。

She said she would go back to her hometown during the holiday.她說假期期間她將回到家鄉(xiāng)。

3、一般將來時(shí)的用法。

一般將來時(shí)由 “will/shall + 動(dòng)詞原形” 或 “ am/is/are going to +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有 tomorrow, this evening, next week, in three hours等。例如：

There is going to be an English film tonight.今晚有一場(chǎng)英語(yǔ)電影。Mum will be back in three days.媽媽三天后回來。

【中考鏈接】 1.---Is Cindy at home?

---No, she ________ the library.She _______there a moment ago.A.has gone to, went

B.has gone to, has been

C.has been to, went

D.has been to, has gone

答案：A?！窘馕觥?根據(jù)答句開頭的“No”可知Cindy不在家已經(jīng)去圖書館了。所以第一空用has gone；第二空填went，表示剛才“去的”。2.—When _______ your mother _______ you that blue dress，Mary？

—Sorry，I realy can?t remember.A.does；buy C.had；bought

B.has；bought

D.did；buy

答案：D?！窘馕觥繌膯柧浜瓦x項(xiàng)所提供的信息，可知問句的意思為“你媽媽什么時(shí)候給你買的那件藍(lán)色的衣服？”。when 不能跟完成時(shí)連用，這里“買”的動(dòng)作是在過去發(fā)生的，所以排除B和C，選D。3.—What did the teacher say just now? —Sorry.I didn?t catch it.I________something else.A.think B.will think

C.was thinking D.had thought

答案：C?！窘馕觥吭擃}的正確答案為C。該題必須根據(jù)上下句來理解，第二句所要表達(dá)的意思是“剛才老師講話的時(shí)候我在想別的事情。”即表達(dá)在過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was thinking。

4.—What ______ when the earthquake(地震)happened on May 12th ? —Er, I was having a geography class in the classroom.A.are you doing

B.did you do

C.were you doing

答案：C?！窘馕觥勘绢}的答句用了過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was having。結(jié)合上下句的語(yǔ)境，問句當(dāng)然用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以選C。

5.I don?t know when Jim _______.I?ll meet him at the airport when he _______.A.will return;return

C.returned;returned

B.returns;will return D.will return;returns.答案：D。【解析】該題考查when的兩種用法。when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用時(shí)態(tài)，第一空因?yàn)閯?dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生，所以要用一般將來時(shí)will return；當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候，遵循“主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”的原則, 所以第二空選returns。6.---What about seeing the film with me?

---Sorry.I ______twice.A.am seeing B.will see C.see

D.have seen 3 答案：D?！窘馕觥吭擃}的語(yǔ)境是“我不想去，因?yàn)槲铱催^兩次了?！?很明顯是強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法，所以選擇D.7.---Would you like____ some coffee?

---No, thanks.I ______some.A.have, already have

C.having, have yet had

B.had, just had

D.to have, have already had 答案：D?！窘馕觥吭擃}的正確答案為D。would like 后要接to + 動(dòng)詞原形，所以第一空填 to have；第二空填“have already had”，句子表達(dá)的意思為“我已經(jīng)吃過一些，不用再吃了”。

8.---What _____your father doing at eight yesterday evening, Sandy?

---Let me see…Oh, he was_____ a newspaper.A.was, reading B.were, watching C.was, looking D.were, seeing 答案：A?！窘馕觥吭擃}考點(diǎn)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由 was/were + 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式構(gòu)成。因?yàn)?your father 是單數(shù)人稱，所以第一空要選was； 看報(bào)紙要用read，而不用look。所以選A。9.---Have you _____your ticket yet?

---No, I?m still ______it.A.found, finding

C.found, looking for

B.looked for, looking for

D.looked for, finding 答案： C?！窘馕觥吭擃}考查find與look for的區(qū)別，find意為“找到”，look for意為“尋找”。所以選C。第一空要填found，第二空填looking for。10.---Henry, you______ on the phone.---oh, _______.Thank you.A.are wanted, I come

C.are being wanted, I come

B.are wanted, I?m coming D.are wanting, I ?m coming

答案：B?！窘馕觥吭擃}的正確答案為B.首先第一空是考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示電話找你。而后一空I?m coming 表示“我馬上就來”。Come的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來時(shí)。

11.---Tomorrow will be Father?s Day.What will you do for your father?

---I will say “I love you, Daddy” as soon as he _____up.A.will wake

B.wake

C.wakes

D.woke 答案：C。【解析】該題考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。在含有時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句里，當(dāng)主句為一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。故選C。

12.---Kate, have you seen Bob these days?

---Yes, I saw him yesterday.We _______each other for a few days.A.haven?t seen

B.didn?t see

C.hadn?t seen

D.often saw

答案：C?！窘馕觥吭擃}是考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，而過去完成時(shí)是強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。從答語(yǔ)“I saw him yesterday”可知“我是昨天見到他的”，在昨天見面之前“我們很多天沒有見面”是“過去的過去”，所以答案為C。

【習(xí)題精煉】

1.---How did the accident happen?

---It _____difficult to see the road because it _______.A.was, was raining

B.is, has rained

C.is, is raining

D.will be, will rain 2.---Where is Miss Gao, Lily?---She ____to the teacher?s.A.has been

B.has gone

C.went

D.would go 3.---May I speak to John?

---Sorry, he _____ Japan.But he _____in two days.A.had been to, will come back

B.has gone to, will be back

C.has been in, would come back

D.has gone to, won?t come back 4.---Hi, Lin Tao , I didn?t see you at the party.---Oh, I _____ready for the maths exam.A.am getting

B.was getting C.got

D.have got 5.---When _____Mr Harris ______the town for Sydney?

---I think it _____last December.A.did, leave, was

B.did, leave, is

C.has, left, was

D.does, leave, is 6.---Can you guess if they ______to play basketball with us?

---I think they will come if they _____free.A.come, are

B.will come, will be

D.come, will be C.will come, are

7.---How long ____ you ______in Shenzhen?---Since five years ago.A.did live

B.were live

C.have lived D.were lived 8.---Listen.Who ______in the next room?---It maybe Mr Lee.A.sings

B.is singing

C.sang

D.does sing 9.---What did the teacher say just now?---She said she ______us to the park the next week.A.will take

B.is going to take

C.took

D.would take 10.---How many English words ____you _____by the end of last term?---For about 2000.A.have learned

B.did learn

C.had learned

D.were learn 11.---Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!---Sorry, I ______it.A.don?t see B.didn?t see

C.haven?t seen

D.won?t see 12.---Do you know him well?

---Sure, we________ friends since ten years ago.A.were

B.have been

C.have become

D.have made

【答案詳解】

1.A【解析】問句的謂語(yǔ)用的是一般過去時(shí)，答句的謂語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)，因此第一空只能填was, 所以選A。句意為“很難看清路，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)正在下雨?！?/p>

2.B【解析】該題考查has been與 has gone的區(qū)別。前者表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，而后者表示“到某地去了，人不在這兒”。根據(jù)問句，Miss Gao顯然已不在說話地點(diǎn)，她已經(jīng)去老師那里了。所以選B。

3.B 【解析】從本題的答句中我們知道John 去了日本，所以第一空要選has gone to ,而 in two days是表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以該題的正確答案為B。句意為“他去了日本，但過兩天回來。”

4.B【解析】從對(duì)話的開頭可知，打招呼的人在剛剛過去的party 上沒有見到林濤，所以答句要表達(dá)的意思是“在party進(jìn)行的過程中，我正在為數(shù)學(xué)考試做準(zhǔn)備”，表示過去一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故正確答案為B。5.A【解析】when與一般過去連用，而不與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，所以排除C而選A。

6.C【解析】本題考查if 的兩種用法。If 既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，意思為“是否”，也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“如果”。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用時(shí)態(tài)，在本題中要表達(dá)“你能猜出他們是否要和我們打籃球嗎？”，動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生，所以第一空要用一般將來時(shí)will come；當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候，遵循“主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”的原則，所以第二空選are。

7.C 【解析】本題中的答語(yǔ)“Since five years ago”是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以問句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have lived。

8.B 【解析】本題問句中的動(dòng)詞listen提醒我們后面的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，所以要選現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is singing。

9.D 【解析】答句是一個(gè)含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，其主句為一般過去時(shí)，從句也要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)狀語(yǔ)the next week，從句謂語(yǔ)要用過去將來時(shí)，所以選D。

10.C【解析】本題問句中的“by the end of last term”是過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以答案選C.11.C【解析】答句所要表達(dá)的意思是“我剛才沒有看見”，而不是現(xiàn)在沒有看見，所以要用一般過去時(shí)。

12.B【解析】在答句中有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since ten years ago，所以答句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。同時(shí)只有延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞才能與這樣的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用，因此排除C和D，選B。