第一篇：民用航空維修質量管理重點

質量檢驗階段、統(tǒng)計質量管理階段、全面質量管理階段 統(tǒng)計質量管理指主要采用統(tǒng)計技術進行質量控制的一套方技術和制度。ISO“反映產(chǎn)品或服務滿足明確的或隱含需要能力的總和。” 真正質量特性和代用質量特性 5 質量控制階段：一是對影響產(chǎn)品質量各環(huán)節(jié)、各因素制定計劃和程序，即建立質量控制計 劃與標準；二是要在實施過程中進行連續(xù)評價和驗證，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題進行分析，對異常情況進行處置并采取糾正措施 6 設計質量、制造質量和使用質量 7 質量審核是質量保證最重要的職能（質量體系審核、產(chǎn)品審核、過程質量審核和服務質量審核）質量體系指的是為實施質量管理的組織結構、職責過程、程序和資源 質量管理的定義：確定質量方針、目標和職責并在質量體系中通過諸如質量策劃、質量控制、質量保證和質量改進使其實施的全部管理職能的所有活動。質量策劃是指確定質量體系要素的目標和要求的活動。人；設備；材料；方法；環(huán)境 提高航空維修的全面質量管理的七方面：建立和完善航空維修的質量體系；開展并強化航空維修的工程管理，明確維修的質量特性；重視和提高可靠性管理的水平，不斷地優(yōu)化維修方案； 以科學的方法改進航空維修的工序能力的控制；重視維修的質量成本控制，優(yōu)化航空維修的質量特性，實現(xiàn)全面的質量目標；重視和加強質量信息及數(shù)據(jù)的收集與分析；搞好自我質量審核，提高審核工作的質量保證作用 11 全面質量管理：一個組織以質量為中心，以全員參與為基礎，目的在于通過讓用戶滿意和本組織所有成員及社會收益而達到長期成功的管理途徑。工作質量：與維修質量有關的工作對于維修質量的保證程度。全面質量管理特點：管理內(nèi)容全面；管理范圍全面；人人參與；方法全面 質量控制的兩個階段：對影響產(chǎn)品質量各環(huán)節(jié)、各因素制定計劃與程序；在實施過程中進行連續(xù)評價和驗證，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題進行分析，對異常情況進行處置并采取糾正措施 14 質量管理是確定質量方針、目標和職責，并在質量體系中通過諸如質量策劃、質量控制、質量保證和質量改進使其實施的全部管理職能的所有活動 質量策劃：維修標準的制定，維修規(guī)劃，性能工程，維修作業(yè)標準的制定維修作業(yè)標準的制定 維修規(guī)劃是營運人工程與維修方面的方針、政策和詳細的維修安排、具體實施計劃以及與之相應的程序、標準和方法。換言之，維修規(guī)劃是民航總局批準或許可的營運人在維修與工程方面的總體規(guī)范和要求 生產(chǎn)計劃與控制：規(guī)定各級定期維護、檢修工作的方法、程序；對影響維修質量的因素

進行預防性控制；對工序能力進行分析和研究確定工序能否滿足規(guī)定要求 質量職權集中原則：航空維修的工作質量是由從事維修、預防性維修、修理和改裝工作的航線或車間的維修人員和管理人員共同承擔。這是全面質量管理的質量責任人人有責的原則，要做到人人有明確的責任，事事有人管。然后每個人的維修工作質量必須由授權質量檢驗員來檢查，由他們來確定所完成的工作質量是否滿足有關的技術標準。質量體系審核：與被審核領域無直接責任的人員檢查體系文件的貫徹執(zhí)行情況 17 質量體系評審：最高管理者就質量方針和新目標對質量體系的現(xiàn)狀與適應性所作的正式評價 PDCA：Plan，Do，Action，Check 18 過程控制-策劃-質量策劃：確定過程每一步將實現(xiàn)的質量特性；確定所要求的過程輸出的質量特性和過程能力之間的關系；確定過程的每一步中要達到的質量特性的影響因素及其控制程度；建立測量過程有效性和效率的方法 標準化控制方法：工作過程標準化；工作成果標準化（產(chǎn)出標準化）；工作條件和技能標準化 20 航空器的維修品質，也稱維修性能，是指航空器設計時所賦予裝備本身的，直接影響維修的固有屬性和設計特征。（可靠性；維修性；安全性；人為因素）飛機可靠性是指飛機及其系統(tǒng)、部件在使用過程中不發(fā)生或少發(fā)生故障的一種屬性，也即是在規(guī)定的使用條件下和規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)完成規(guī)定功能的能力。飛機壽命設計；損傷容限設計；耐久性設計 飛機的維修性是指飛機及其系統(tǒng)、部件在規(guī)定的時間和規(guī)定條件下，按規(guī)定的方式和方法進行維修時，能保持和恢復其良好的技術狀態(tài)的可能性，或表示對可修件所進行的維修難易程度。維修時間；維修人員工時；維修頻數(shù)；維修費用 與維修性有關的飛機設計內(nèi)容：維修簡便；維修停飛時間短；維修費用低；有效維修差錯措施；降低對維修人員的要求 質量改進是為向本組織及其顧客提供增值效益，在整個組織內(nèi)所采取的提高活動和過程的效果和效益的措施。偶發(fā)性故障（急性質量故障）；經(jīng)常性故障（慢性質量故障）質量改進的步驟：全企業(yè)參與；質量改進目標或活動的準備；調(diào)查可能的原因；確定因果關系；采取預防或糾正措施；確認改進；保持成果；持續(xù)改進 質量保證三個方面：如何進行質量管理以達到質量要求，進而滿足民用航空規(guī)章中對航空維修的要求和標準；向適航當局提供營運人在工程與維修方面滿足適航要求的信任；向適航當局提供滿足適航要求的證據(jù) 30 質量管理部門的管理職責：質量監(jiān)督；不合格控制與糾正措施；質量文件和紀錄；質量審核

航空維修的持續(xù)分析與監(jiān)督目的：及時發(fā)現(xiàn)偏差程序和標準的問題，以便采取糾正措施

判斷標準：質量計劃、程序、標準 33 質量檢查（事后檢查，機械員）；質量檢驗（檢驗人員）；質量監(jiān)督（事前預防，沒有固定方式）；質量審核（有嚴格程序）34 質量監(jiān)督對生產(chǎn)過程連續(xù)的監(jiān)視和驗

證；質量審核對生產(chǎn)過程的定期驗證

管理制度：適航放行制度；保留故障和延期維修控制制度；重復故障控制制度 36 標識的分類：可用/不可用標簽；報廢標簽；串件標簽

當營運人本身不具備從事某些維修項目的能力和資格時，營運人必須以適航部門批準或認可的形式和方式，將部分或全部與適航性責任相關的維修作業(yè)項目委托給按CCAR－145批準的維修機構來完成。此時，營運人必須通過有效的控制程序與手段來保證自己承擔的適航性責任確實由委托的維修機構完整充分地落實，這就是適航性協(xié)調(diào)。

質量審核是確定質量活動和有關結果是否符合計劃的安排，以及這些安排是否有效地實施并適合于達到預定目標的有系統(tǒng)的、獨立的檢查。

自我審核、自我暴露、自我醫(yī)治

審核什么；何時審核；誰執(zhí)行審核和監(jiān)督職能；審核中產(chǎn)生什么文件和記錄；如何報告審核結果，誰負責審批；如何采取糾正措施，誰負責驗證。

系統(tǒng)審核；程序審核；產(chǎn)品審核；特殊審核

42可靠性設計基本要求：設計時應采取破損安全設計、電子元件減額使用、必 要的余度技術等設計原則；飛機及其機件的壽命、使用期限、平均故障間隔時間

等應明確規(guī)定，滿足指標要求，并且要做到相互匹配；飛機及其機件本身的構造、結構應力求簡單；機件、設備應整體化、集成化、減少器件數(shù)量和機件復雜性；盡量采用不需要或很少需要進行預防性維修的機件和設備，以減少維修內(nèi)容和頻數(shù)；采用預防和控制腐蝕的措施，使飛機及其機件具有良好的使用耐久性和環(huán)境適應性；要盡量采用合乎真實任務使用環(huán)境的試驗標準和程序，使飛機及其機件在實際使用環(huán)境中可能發(fā)生的問題，能及時發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決。

部件項目糾正措施：附件改裝；飛機改裝；修訂零部件維修方式；修訂翻修手冊；修訂修理手藝；修訂零部件翻修時限。44 維修工程數(shù)據(jù)分析：對各工程管理例如翻修時限、檢查周期、翻修內(nèi)容或檢查程序的影響；包括檢查頻次和內(nèi)容、功能檢查、翻修程序和時限在內(nèi)的各種維修方案修訂內(nèi)容；用以決定是否需要更改維修方案進行統(tǒng)計或工程上的研究；飛機、系統(tǒng)、部件的改裝或修理；作業(yè)程序或工藝的更改；其他與當時狀況有關的影響。

定量的參數(shù)：重要維修項目和重要結構項目；維修方式（定時方式、視情方式和狀態(tài)監(jiān)控方式）；定時方式項目的使用時限；視情方式項目的視情參數(shù)和潛在故障狀態(tài)的判據(jù)；狀態(tài)監(jiān)控方式項目的監(jiān)控參數(shù)（壽命分布類型、故障率、平均故障間隔時間）；檢查等級；檢查周期，初次檢查時間，重復檢查間隔時間；抽樣檢查方案。

第二篇：民用航空機務維修專業(yè)英語

輪檔擋好--Chocks in 地面電源設備接好--Ground power connected 收到--Roger 現(xiàn)在關閉發(fā)動機--Shutting down engines 準備牽引--Ready for pushback 所有艙門已關好--All doors checked closed 松剎車--Brakes off 松剎車--Release parking brakes 剎車已松--Brakes off 剎車已松--parking brake Released 可以牽引--Clear for pushback 23號跑道起飛--Runway(or face)two three 05號跑道起飛--Runway(or face)zero five 牽引完成--Pushback complete 剎車--Brakes on 剎車--Set parking brake 剎車剎好--Brakes on 剎車剎好--Parking brake set 準備啟動1（或2）號發(fā)動機--Start number one(or two)可以啟動1（或2）號發(fā)動機--Clear number one(or two)已經(jīng)供氣（如需氣源車）--Pressure on 啟動結束--Start complete 斷開地面設備--Disconnect ground equipment 插銷移開--Ping Removed 稍等--Standby 稍等啟動--Standby for start 稍等推出--Standby for pushback 在左（或右）方打手勢--Hand signal on the left(or right)

aircraft crew, air crew 機組, 機務人員 pilot 駕駛員, 機長

co-pilot, second pilot 副駕駛員 navigator 領航員 steward 男服務員

stewardess, hostess 空中小姐 radio operator 報務員

Bairliner 班機 monoplane 單翼飛機 glider 滑翔機 trainer aircraft 教練機 passenger plane 客機

propeller-driven aircraft 螺旋槳飛機 jet(aircraft)噴射飛機 amphibian 水陸兩用飛機

seaplane, hydroplane 水上飛機 turbofan jet 渦輪風扇飛機 turboprop 渦輪螺旋槳飛機 turbojet 渦輪噴射飛機 transport plane 運輸機 helicopter 直升機 supersonic 超音速 hypersonic 高超音速 transonic 跨音速 subsonic 亞音速 Airbus 空中客車 Boeing 波音 Concord 協(xié)和 Ilyusin 依柳辛

McDonald-Douglas 麥道 Trident 三叉戟 Tupolev 圖波列夫

hatch 艙口

aeroengine, air engine 航空發(fā)動機 navigation light 航行燈 fuselage, body 機身 nose 機頭 wing 機翼 aileron 副翼 wing flap 襟翼

tail plane 水平尾翼 starboard wing 右翼 port wing 左翼

pilot“s cockpit 駕駛艙 parachute 降落傘 passenger cabin 客艙 propeller 螺旋槳

pressurized cabin 密封艙 undercarriage 起落架

undercarriage wheel 起落架輪 elevator 升降舵

radio navigation device 無線電導航設備 radio directive device 無線電定向設備 luggage compartment 行李艙(fuel)tank 油箱

auxiliary(fuel)tank 副油箱 main(fuel)tank 主油箱 autopilot 自動駕駛儀

ground crew 地勤人員 airport 航空港, 民航機場

airfield, aerodrome, airdrome 機場 airport beacon 機場燈標

airport meteorological station 機場氣象站

main airport building, terminal building 機場主樓

emergency landing runway, forced landing runway 緊急著陸跑道 taxiway 滑行跑道 runway 跑道

omnirange radio beacon 全向式無線電航空信標 fuel depot 燃料庫 control tower 塔臺 tarmac 停機坪

radio beacon 無線電信標

boarding check 登機牌 plane ticket 飛機票 flight, flying 飛行

bumpy flight 不平穩(wěn)的飛行 smooth flight平穩(wěn)的飛行 ramp 扶梯

altitude, height 高度 air route, air line 航線 extra flight 加班

economy class, tourist class 經(jīng)濟座 non-stop flight 連續(xù)飛行

climbing, to gain height 爬升 circling 盤旋

forced landing 迫降

connecting flight 銜接航班 speed, velocity 速度 ceiling 上升限度

cruising speed 巡航速度 top speed 最高速度 first class 頭等 night service 夜航 airsick 暈機

direct flight, straight flight 直飛 landing 著陸

to rock, to toss, to bump 顛簸 to taxi along 滑行

to lose height, to fly low 降低 to take off, take-off 起飛

to board a plane, get into a plane 上飛機

to get off a plane, alight from a plane 下飛機 to face the wind 迎風

ATA章節(jié)目錄

AIRFRAME SYSTEMS ________________ AIR CONDITIONING........................21 AUTOFLIGHT...........................22 COMMUNICATIONS.........................23 ELECTRICAL POWER........................24 EQUIPMENT/FURNISHINGS.....................25 FIRE PROTECTION........................26 FLIGHT CONTROLS........................27 FUEL..............................28 HYDRAULIC POWER........................29 ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION....................30 INDICATING/RECORDING SYSTEMS..................31 LANDING GEAR..........................32 LIGHTS.............................33 NAVIGATION...........................34 OXYGEN.............................35 PNEUMATIC...........................36 WATER AND WASTE........................38 AIRBORNE AUXILIARY POWER....................49 STRUCTURE _________ DOORS.............................52 ＷＩＮＤＯＷS............................56 POWER PLANT ___________ POWER PLANT..........................71 ENGINE.............................72 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL....................73 IGNITION............................74 AIR..............................75 ENGINE CONTROLS........................76 ENGINE INDICATING.......................77 EXHAUST............................78 OIL..............................79 STARTING............................80

縮寫 ABBREVIATION LIST A A/C air conditioning 空氣調(diào)節(jié) A/G air/ground A/L autoland 自動落地 A/P autopilot 自動駕駛 A/S airspeed 空速

A/T autothrottle自動油門, adjustment/test 調(diào)整/測試 ABNORM abnormal 不正常的

AC alternating current 【電】交流電

ACARS ARINC Communications Addressing and Reporting System ACCEL acceleration, accelerate 使增速 ACM air cycle machine 空氣循環(huán)機 ADC air data computer 大氣資料電腦

ADF automatic direction finder 自動方位尋找器 ADI attitude director indicator 姿態(tài)指示器

ADP air driven pump, air driven hydraulic pump 氣動液壓泵 ADV advance 推進

AFCS automatic flight control system 飛控系統(tǒng) AGL above ground level 地標位 AI anti-ice 防冰

AIDS aircraft integrated data system 整合資料系統(tǒng) AIL aileron 副翼 ALT altitude 高度 ALTM altimeter 高度計 ALTN alternate 交替的 ALTNT alternate 交替的 AMB ambient 環(huán)繞的

AMM Airplane Maintenance Manual 修護手冊 ANN announcement 通告 ANNUNC annunciator 通告器 ANT antenna 天線

AOA angle of attack 功角

APB auxiliary power breaker 輔助的動力斷電器 APD approach progress display 接近行進顯示 APL airplane 飛機 APPR approach 接近

APPROX approximately近乎

APU auxiliary power unit 輔助的動力單元 ARINC Aeronautical航空學的Radio Incorporated【美】有限責任的 ARINC IO ARINC I/O error ARNC STP ARINC I/O UART data strip error 通用非同步收發(fā)傳輸器 ASA autoland status annunciator 自動落地狀況通告器 ASP audio selector panel 音頻選擇面板 ASYM asymmetrical 非對稱的

ATC air traffic control 空中交通管制

ATC/DABS air traffic control/discrete address beacon system ATT attitude 姿態(tài)

ATTND attendant 服務員 AUTO automatic 自動裝置的 AUX auxiliary 輔助的

AVM airborne vibration monitor 空中震動監(jiān)視器 B B/CRS back course 回程 BARO barometric 氣壓計的 BAT battery 電池;蓄電池

BFO beat撲動frequency oscillator 頻率振湯器 BITE built-in test equipment 裝備自我測試 BK brake 煞住(車)BKGRD background(干擾錄音或無線電廣播的)雜音 BPCU bus power control unit 匯流排電力控制單元 BRKR breaker 斷電器 BRT bright 發(fā)亮的

BTB bus tie束縛breaker 匯流排聯(lián)系斷電器 BTL bottle 瓶子 C C/B circuit breaker 【電】斷路器,斷路開關 C center 中央

CADC central air data computer 中央大氣資料電腦 CAPT captain(飛機的)機長

CB circuit breaker 【電】斷路器,斷路開關 CCA central control actuator 中央控制致動器 CCW counterclockwise 逆時針方向的 CDU control display unit 控制顯示器 CH channel 頻道 CHAN channel 頻道 CHG change 改變

CHR chronograph 記時器 CHRGR charger 充電器 CK check 檢查

CKT circuit 【電】電路;回路 CL close 關閉;蓋上;合上 CLB climb 傾斜向上 CLR clear 變乾凈;變清楚

CLSD closed 關閉的;封閉的;閉合的 CMD command 命令 CMPTR computer 電腦

CNX cancelled 取消,廢除;中止 COL column 圓柱(報紙的)欄,段 COMM communication 通訊 COMP compressor 壓縮機 COMPT compartment 隔間

CON continuous 連續(xù)的,不斷的 COND condition 狀態(tài)

CONFG configuration 結構;表面配置 CONFIG configuration 結構 CONN connection 連接 CONT control 控制

CP control panel 控制面板

CPCS cabin pressure control system 艙壓控制系統(tǒng) CPS cycles per second 每秒循環(huán) CRS course 方向

CRT cathode陰極ray射線 tube 陰極射線管 CRZ cruise 巡航

CSEU control system electronics unit 控制系統(tǒng)電子元件 CT current電流transformer變壓器 CTN caution 注意 CTR center 中央

CU control unit 控制元件 CUST customer 顧客;買主 CW clockwise 順時針方向的

CWS control wheel steering掌舵 D DA drift漂移angle DADC digital air data computer 數(shù)位化大氣資料電腦 DC direct直系的,指揮current DEC decrease減少, decrement減少率 DECEL decelerate 降低速度 DECR decrease 減少 DEG degree 度數(shù)

DEPR depressurize 洩壓;壓下 DEPT departure 離開;出發(fā)

DEST destination 目標, 目的地 DET detector 探測器

DETNT detent(機械上的)止動裝置;棘爪 DEV deviation 誤差;偏航

DFDR digital flight data recorder DG directional方向的gyro回轉儀羅盤 DH decision決定height高度,海拔

DIFF differential 依差別而定的;鑒別性的 DIR direct 指揮

DISC disconnect 使分離,分開,斷開

DISCH discharge 釋放,排出(液體,氣體等)DISCONT discontinued 停止,中斷 DISENG disengage 解開,解除;使脫離 DISP dispatch 派遣

DIST distance 距離;路程 DK deck(船的)艙面,甲板

DME distance measuring equipment 測距儀 DMU data management unit 資料管理單元 DN down 向下

DPCT differential protection current transＦＯＲＭer【電】變壓器 DR door 門

DSCRT IO discrete分離I/O error DSPLY display 顯示 DSPY display 顯示 E EADI electronic attitude director indicator 數(shù)位化姿態(tài)指示器 ECON economy 節(jié)約, 經(jīng)濟

ECS environmental control system 環(huán)控系統(tǒng)

EDP engine driven pump, engine hydraulic pump 引擎液壓泵 EEC electronic engine control 引擎電控

EFDARS expanded flight data acquisition and reporting system EFI electronic flight instruments 電子化飛行儀表 EFIS electronic flight instrument system EGT exhaust gas temperature 排氣尾溫

EHSI electronic horizontal situation indicator 水平狀況方位指示器 EICAS engine indicating and crew alerting system引擎狀況警告指示 ELEC electrical 與電有關的,電氣科學的 ELEV elevation 高度;海拔 EMER emergency 緊急情況

ENG engage嚙合,接合, engine ENT entrance入口,門口, entry ENTMT entertainment 娛樂

EPC external power contactor 外電源接觸器 EPR engine pressure ratio 推力比

EPRL engine pressure ratio limit 推力比范圍 EQUIP equipment 裝備 ERR error 錯誤

ESS essential 必需品

EVAC evacuation 撤空;排泄物 EVBC engine vane and bleed control 引擎放氣控制 EXH exhaust 排出;排氣 EXT external 外部的

EXTIN extinguish, extinguished 滅火器 EXTING extinguishing 熄滅 F F/D flight director 飛行引向器 F/F fuel flow 燃油流量 F/O first officer FAA Federal美國聯(lián)邦 Aviation Administration行政機構 FCC flight control computer 飛行控制電腦

FCEU flight controls electronic unit 飛控電子單元 FCU fuel control unit 燃油控制器 FDR feeder 餵食器

FIM Fault Isolation Manual 故障隔離手冊 FL flow 流量

FL/CH flight level change FLD field(飛機)場,;(廣闊的一大片)地(知識)領域;專業(yè);(活動)范疇 FLT flight(飛機的)班次 FLUOR fluorescent 發(fā)亮的

FMC flight management computer 飛行管理電腦 FMS flight management system 飛行管理系統(tǒng) FREQ frequency 頻率

FRM Fault Reporting Manual 錯誤報告手冊 FSEU flap/slat electronic unit 副翼電控單元 FT feet復, foot單 英尺 FWD forward 前面的 G G/S glide slope, ground slope 下滑坡度 GA go-around 重飛

GB generator breaker 發(fā)電機斷電器

GCB generator circuit breaker 發(fā)電機斷路器 GCR generator control relay 發(fā)電機控制繼電器 GCU generator control unit 發(fā)電機控制組件 GEN generator 發(fā)電機

GHR ground handling relay 地面操作繼電器 GND ground 地面 GP group 團體

GPWS ground proximity warning system 地面接近警告 GR gear 齒輪;傳動裝置;(飛機的)起落架 GRD ground 地面

GS ground speed 地速

GSSR ground service select relay 地面勤務選擇繼電器 GSTR ground service transfer relay 地面勤務轉換繼電器 GW gross總量weight 總重 H H/L high/low 高/低 HDG heading 【航】航向 HF high frequency 高頻 HORIZ horizontal 水平HP high pressure 高壓

HSI horizontal situation indicator 水平狀況方位指示器 HTR heater 加熱器 HYD hydraulic 液壓的 I IAS indicated airspeed 指示空速 IDENT identification 識別;鑒定 IDG integrated drive generator IGN ignition 點火,發(fā)火;點火開關

ILLUM illuminate, illuminated 被照明的;發(fā)光的 ILS instrument landing system 儀降 IMP imperial(度量衡)英制的 IN in, input 輸入 INBD inboard 內(nèi)側的

INC incorporated結合的, increase增大, increment增加 INCR increase 增加 IND indicator 指示器 INFC interface 分界面

INFLT inflight 飛行過程中的 INHIB inhibit 抑制 禁止

INIT initiation 入門;開始實施 INOP inoperative 不活動的 INPH interphone 對講機 INST instrument 儀器;儀表 INT interphone 對講機 INTLK interlock 連結 INTPH interphone 對講機

INTMT intermittent 時斷時續(xù)的;周期性的 IP intermediate pressure 中間的壓力

IRS inertial reference system 慣性參考系統(tǒng) IRU inertial慣性的reference unit 慣性參考組件 ISLN isolation 隔離 ISOL isolation 隔離

IVSI instantaneous瞬時的vertical speed indicator 垂直速度指示器 M MCDP maintenance control display panel 修護控制顯示面板 MCP mode control panel 模式控制面板 MCU modular模件concept觀念 unit MDA minimum decision altitude 最小判斷高度 MIC microphone 擴音器;麥克風

MIN minimum 最小量,最小數(shù);最低限度 MM Maintenance Manual 修護手冊 MOD module 組件;單元

MON monitor 監(jiān)視器;監(jiān)控器 MOT motion(機械的)裝置,運轉 MPU magnetic pickup 檢波器 MSG message 信息

MSTR master 主要的;總的

MSU mode selector unit 模式選擇組件 MTG miles to go 英里

MU management unit 管理組件 MUX multiplexer 多路傳輸 N N/A not applicable 可應用的 NAC nacelle 引擎艙;氣球吊籃 NAV navigation 導航

NCD no computed data 無法計算資料

NEG negative 否定的;反面的【電】負的,陰極的【數(shù)】負的 NEUT neutral 中立的

NLG nose landing gear 鼻輪起落架 NO.number 數(shù),數(shù)字

NORM normal 正常的,正規(guī)的,標準的 NRM normal 正常的,正規(guī)的,標準的

NVMEM RD non-volatile memory read error 故障讀錯誤排除才能消除 NVMEM WR non-volatile memory write error 故障寫錯誤排除才能消除 O 02 oxygen 氧氣 OBS observer 觀察員 OK okay 對,很好地 OPR operate 運轉 OPT option 選擇權 OPRN operation 操作 OUT output 輸出

OUTBD outboard 外部的

OVHD overhead 頭頂(船艙)頂板 OVHT overheat 過熱

OVRD override 權力高於;優(yōu)先於;越過 OXY oxygen 氧氣 P P/RST press to reset 壓下清除故障

P/S pitot皮托管(流速計);皮托靜壓管/static 靜態(tài)的 PA passenger address 客艙廣播 PASS passenger 旅客

PCA power control actuator 電控致動器 PCT percentage 百分比

PDI pictorial deviation indicator 偏航圖表示 PES passenger entertainment娛樂system PLA power level angle PLT pilot(飛機等的)駕駛員,飛行員

PMG permananet magnet generator 永磁發(fā)電機 PNEU pneumatic 氣動

PNL panel 【電】配電盤;控電板 POR point of regulation調(diào)節(jié)

POS position, positive(電池的)陽極【數(shù)】正的 PPOS present當前的 出席的 position PRESS pressure 壓力

PRG FLOW program flow error 流量程序錯誤 PRIM primary 首要的,主要的 PROC procedure 程序;手續(xù);步驟

PROG MEM ROM memory error 唯讀記憶體錯誤 PROJ projector 投射器

PROT protection 保護,防護;PS pitot static 皮托管(流速計);皮托靜壓管

PSI pounds per square inch 每平方寸上的壓力磅數(shù) PSS passenger service system 客服系統(tǒng) PSU passenger service unit 客服組件 PTT push to talk 發(fā)話

PTU power transfer unit 動力傳送組件 PWR power 動力 Q QAD quick-attach-detach 快拆卸;使分離 QTS quarts 一夸脫的容器 QTY quantity 數(shù)量 R R/T rate of turn 回轉速率

R/W MEM RAM memory error 隨機存取記憶體錯誤 R right 右邊的

RA radio altimeter, radio altitude 雷達高度 RAT ram air turbine 沖壓驅動 RCVR reciever 接受

RDMI radio distance magnetic indicator 磁場距離指示 REC recorder 記錄器

RECIRC recirculate 再循環(huán) REF reference 參考

REFRIG refrigeration 冷凍 REG regulator 調(diào)節(jié)器 REL release 釋放,解放

REP representative 代表性的,典型的 REQ required 必須的 RES reserve 儲備

RESSTART power interrupt restart error 動力中斷重新起動錯誤 REV reverse 倒退,使倒轉 RF right front 右前 RH right hand 右手 RLSE release 釋放,解放 RLY relay 【電】繼電器 RLY/SW relay/switch RMI radio magnetic indicator 磁場方位指示

RMT OUT high-speed ARINC output error 匯流排輸出錯誤 RN right nose ROT rotation 旋轉

RPM revolutions循環(huán),(一)周期回轉,旋轉per minute RPTG reporting 報導 RR right rear 後方 RST reset 重新設定

RTO rejected丟棄takeoff起飛 RUD rudder(飛機的)方向舵 RW right wing 右翼

RWY runway(機場的)跑道 S SAM stabilizer trim/elevator asymmetry limit module尾舵飛操組件 SAT static air temperature 靜壓空氣溫度 SEC second 第二次

SEI standby engine indicator 緊急直接引擎指示 SEL select 選擇

SELCAL selective calling 飛航呼叫 SERV service 服務

SG signal generator 信號產(chǎn)生器 SLCTD selected 選擇 SLCTR selector 選擇器 SOV shut off valve 關斷閥 SP speed 速度 SPD speed 速度

SPD BK speed brake 速煞 SQL squelch 壓扁

SSB single side band STA station 駐地(各種機構的)站,所, STAB stabilizer 安定裝置;安定翼 STBY standby 備用

STS system status 系統(tǒng)狀況 SURF surface 表面 SW switch 開關

SWITCH IN switch input error SYNC synchronous 同步的 SYS system 系統(tǒng) SYST system 系統(tǒng) T T/R thrust reverser 反推力器 T.O.takeoff 起飛

TACH tachometer 轉速計 TAI thermal熱的anti-ice TAS true airspeed 真空速

TAT total air temperature 總溫

TCC turbine case cooling 渦輪(機)冷卻 TE trailing edge 後緣(飛機的)襟翼,阻力板 TEMP temperature 溫度,氣溫 TFR transfer 轉換 THR thrust 推力

THROT throttle 節(jié)流閥 THRSH threshold 門檻 THRT thrust 推力

THRU through 穿過;通過 遍及,在...各處;在...之間,在...之中 TIE bus tie系,拴,捆,扎 匯流排聯(lián)系 TLA thrust lever angle 推力桿角度

TMC thrust management computer 推力管理電腦 TMS thrust management system 推力管理系統(tǒng) TMSP thrust mode select panel 推力選擇面板 TO TO/takeoff 起飛

TOL tolerance 【機】公差,容限

TR transＦＯＲＭer【電】變壓器 rectifier【電】整流器 TRP thrust rating panel 推力等級面板 TUNE tuner(頻率))調(diào)整器;【無】調(diào)諧器 TURB turbine 渦輪(機)TURBL turbulent, turbulence【氣】湍流;(氣體等的)紊流 U UBR utility有多種用途的;通用的bus relay 匯流排繼電器 UPR upper USB upper side band 【機】傳送帶(無線電的)波段,頻帶 V V/NAV vertical navigation 【經(jīng)】縱向聯(lián)合的 導航 V/S vertical speed 垂直的速率 VERT vertical 垂直的

VERT SPD vertical speed 垂直的速率 VFY verify 驗證 VG vertical gyro 垂直回轉儀羅盤

VHF very high frequency 超高頻無線電 VIB vibration 震動

VLD valid 合法的;有效的 VLV valve 【機】閥,活門 VOL volume 量;額

VOLT voltage 電壓;伏特數(shù)

VOR VHF omni range receiver 方向無線識標 VOX voice 聲音

VTR video tape reproducer(錄音,錄影的)播放裝置 W W/D wiring線路diagram圖解 W/W wheel well 輪艙 WARN warning 警告;警報 WG wing 機翼

WHL wheel 輪子;變換方向 WHLS wheels 車輪 WPT waypoint 位子點

WSHLD windshield 擋風玻璃 WX weather 天氣

WXR weather 氣象雷達 X X-CH cross channel 交叉頻道 X-CHAN cross channel 交叉頻道 XDCR transducer 變換器 XMISSION transmission 傳送 XMIT transmit 發(fā)射

XMTR transmitter 發(fā)射機 XPNDR transponder 詢答機 Y Y/D yaw damper 阻尼器

Air Glossary（航空縮略語）

A AACAir Accident Investigation Branch of the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions.aaeabove aerodrome level.Also see aae.ab initioan aircraft is abeam a point when that point is at ninety degrees left or right of the aircraft”s track, but term usually used to indicate a general position rather than a specific point.a/cAircraft Communication Adressing and Reporting System.ACArea Control Centre.And ACZ Aerodrome Control Zone.See ATZ below.ACMSaerodrome control radar.accelerate-stop distanceaerodrome.ADAdvisory aispaceair data computer.ADELTautomatic direction finder/finding.Radio compass which gives a relative bearing to the non-directional radio beacon to which it is tuned.ADIAir Defence Identification Zone.An area of airspace extending upwards from the surface, usually along a national boundary, within which identification of all aircraft is required in the interests of national security.ADRAutomatic Dependence Surveillance.ADTAerodromes Environmental Federation.AEWUK-published flight guide and navigational chart system.aerodrome/airport elevationair force base, usually U.S.or Canadian.AFCSAutopilot and flight director system.AFIAerodrome Flight InＦＯＲＭation Service, providing inＦＯＲＭation to, but not control of, aircraft using that aerodrome.AFIS(O)-Aerodrome Flight InＦＯＲＭation Service(Officer)

AFSAeronautical Fixed Serviceauto flight system.AFTNair-to-ground operator

A/Gabove ground level.AHRSarea of intense aerial activity, usually military.AICAirborne integrated data system.AIPＦＯＲＭ for reporting position and Met conditions in flight.AirmetAeronautical InＦＯＲＭation Service.CAA unit based at London-Heathrow Airport, providing flight-planning services and inＦＯＲＭation for pilots.Publishes AICs, above.AIZalert phase of search-and-rescue procedure.altaerodrome specified on a flight plan to which an aircraft chooses to divert if a landing at its intended destination is not possible(for reasons of poor weather, for example).altimeter settingAmplitude modulation.AMEabove mean sea level(sometimes asl in USA).anhedralAir Navigation Order.Statutory legal instrument defining the laws of air navigation, pilot licensing etc, in the UK.Other aviation legislation includes the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic regulations and the Air Navigation(General)Regulations

AoAAirport Operators“ Association.AOCairport of entry(usually in USA).AOGAircraft Owners and Pilots Association.A/PAirframe and Powerplant Mechanic(USA).APAAircraft Proximity Hazards Assessment Panel, which investigates near-miss reports filed by air traffic controllers(see also JAWG).APPauxiliary power unit.Large transport aircraft and some business jets have an APU, typically a small turbine, to provide power for engine-starting and for running systems when on the ground, obviating the need for external power or ground power unit, GPU.ARBaircraft radio control of aerodrome lighting.ArestiAeronautical Radio Incorporated.A non-profit corporation owned by airlines to set standards for airline avionics and provide communications services.ARPblades can flap, drag and feather.ARVaccelerate-stop distance available.ASIaltimeter setting region, a geographical area for which the lowest value of QNH is forecast hourly and relayed by air traffic control centres.Also airport surveillance radar and air-sea rescue.ASTOVLactual time of arrival.Also Air Training Association.ATCair traffic control assistant

ATC(C)air traffic control officer..ATISAir Transport Pilot”s Licence, needed to act as pilot-in-command of a commercial air transport aircraft exceeding 20,000 kg all-up weight.ATOair traffic service.Also ATSU, ATS Unit.ATSORAair traffic control unit.ATZall-up weight, a term for the total loaded weight of an aircraft, made up of empty weight plus useful load;maximum auw is the maximum allowable weight, including fuel and payload, specified in an aircraft“s Certificate of Airworthiness.Sometimes referred to(in USA especially)as gross weight and maximum gross weight respectively.Also MTWA, maximum total weight authorised;BOW Basic operating weight, the weight of an aircraft with all equipment, lubricants, fuel and operating crew, but without payload;MLW, maximum landing weight, above which fuel must be burned off or jettisoned before landing or there may be risk of structural damage.avgasaviation turbine fuel(kerosene).Used by turboprops and jets.AWRairway.B BABritish Airports Authority.BAeABritish Airline Pilots Association.base legBusiness Aircraft Users Association.BCARbreak cloud procedure.BCPLmanually-controlled mode for CS propellers on turboprop aircraft enabling reverse pitch to be selected for braking or to aid ground manoeuvring.BFRBritish Gliding Association.BHABbrake horsepower.BHPAHot compressed air taken from turbine engines.BMAALoose-leaf Euopean airfields manual for VFR operations.BRGBritish Women Pilots Association.C CCivil Aviation Authority.CAD/CAMCivil Aviation Authority Flying Unit, based at Stansted Airport, which perＦＯＲＭs such tasks as navaid checking and calibration and also examines candidates for instrument ratings and commercial pilot”s licences.CANPCivil Air Publication.InＦＯＲＭation booklets issued by the CAA, e.g.CAP 53 The Private Pilot Licence.CAScasualty evacuation.CATpronounced CAV-okay(ceiling and visibility OK), visibility at least ten kilometres, with no cloud below 5,000 feet, with no Cbs, precipitation, thunderstorms, shallow fog or low drifting snow.CAVUCombined Cadet Force

CDIcontrol display unit.ceilingchief flying instructor(certified flying instructor in USA).CFScentre of gravity

CHa thorough pre-flight inspectionConfidential Human Factors Incident Reporting system, whereby professional pilots and ATC staff may report in confidence incidents arising from human errors for analysis by the CHIRP Charitable Trust at Farnborough.CHTpattern around which aircraft fly when arriving at an airfield, usually rectangular in UK but not necessarily elsewhere.The circuit(known as the pattern in USA)is aligned with the active runway and may be either left-or right-handed.Dead side is the opposite side of the circuit pattern in operation from which arriving aircraft join for landing.See also final(s).C/Lcolloquialism referring to an airport closed to air traffic by bad weather

cleanauthorization from air traffic control to proceed as requested or instructed.Used for ground and air manoeuvring, thus “cleared for take-off”, “cleared flight-planned route”, “cleared to descend” etc.CloudsCertificate of Airworthiness issued by the CAA indicating that an aircraft meets the Authority“s airworthiness standards.Cs of A are issued to individual aircraft, and also to generic aircraft types(Type Certification in the USA)when the first example of a type is registered.Cs of A on individual aircraft are granted in several categories, e.g.Private, Public Transport, Aerial Work etc.and much be renewed at intervals.Permits to Fly are authorisations granted to specialist aircraft and are accordingly restricted in the kinds of operation for which they may be used.C of Ecentre of gravity.The point on an aircraft through which the entire aircraft”s weight may be assumed to act(i.e.around which the aircraft, if suspended, would balance).C of G limits are the most forward and rearward positions of the C of G permitted for safe operation.An aircraft loaded outside its C of G limits can be difficult or impossible to control.C of Pcommunication(s)

CPLcounter-rotating.Usually in general aviation referring to twin-engined aircraft with “handed” engines whose propellers turn in opposite directions to eliminate propeller torque effect.CRMportion of an aerodrome circuit flown before downwind

CRPcathode ray tube(like a television).Used in flight deck displays of new-generation airliners, business aircraft and military jets instead of conventional instruments.See also EFIS,.critical altitudethe engine on a multi-engined aircraft whose failure would most seriously effect perＦＯＲＭance or handling of the aircraft, through asymmetric effects or loss of power to systems such as hydraulics.CRS coursecall sign.CSControl Area.An area of controlled airspace extending upwards from specified limit agl.CTRcockpit voice recorder.A tape recorder installed on the flight decks of commercial transport aircraft and helicopters and some business aeroplanes to record crew conversation, RT transmissions and cockpit background noises(e.g.trim-wheel operation, flap motor running)in case required for incident or accident investigation.CWcolour weather radar.CZcompressor zone inspection.D DADanger Area Activity InＦＯＲＭation Service.DACSDigital air data computer(DADSDistress & Diversion Cells at Air Traffic Control Centres.RAF units which provide a 24-hour listening watch on VHF and UHF emergency frequencies and can locate and assist pilots who are lost or in emergency situations.dBa unit of sound

DCdirect

dead sidedescent and landing with engine(s)shut down and propeller(s)stopped.Deccadigital electronic engine control

density altitudeengine“s potential power deliberately limited, lengthening likely life.DETRESFAdirection-finding.A DF bearing can be provided by airfields or other facilities such as D & D cells(above)having suitable direction-finding equipment to locate an aircraft.DGDirection Général à l”Aviation Civile

DHUK Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury

DIDIsloping up from root to tip.Opposite: anhedral.DIN(S)distance-measuring equipment.A combination of ground and airborne equipment which gives a continuous slant range distance-from-station readout by measuring time-lapse of a signal transmitted by the aircraft to the station and responded back.DMEs can also provide groundspeed and time-to-station readouts by differentiation.DopplerDepartment of Transport.downwinddew point

DRwhen referring to aircraft hire charges means “without fuel”, as opposed to wet, with fuel.DZExperimental Aircraft Association, the American homebuilders“ organisation.EADIequivalent airspeed.EATEuropean Business Aircraft Association.ECACEuropean Council of General Aviation Support.ECUemergency distance.EETelectronic flash approach light system.EFATOelectronic flight instrument system, in which multi-function CRT displays replace traditional instruments for providing flight, navigation and aircraft systems inＦＯＲＭation, ＦＯＲＭing a so-called ”glass cockpit“.Now common in commercial transports, corporate aircraft and helicopters, military fighters and some GA piston singles and twins.EGTelectronic horizontal situation indicator.CRT-based HSI ＦＯＲＭing part of an EFIS.EICASengine in-flight monitoring system ELTweight of the basic aeroplane including all fixed equipment, plus unusable fuel, oil, hydraulic and other fluids.encoding altimeterestimated off-blocks time.EPeffective perceived noise decibel.Unit of measurement of aircraft noise levels.ERequivalent shaft horsepower.ETAestimated time of departure

ETEextended-range twin operations, usually long over-water flights by airliners.ETPSorganisation, headquartered in The Netherlands, comprising Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands and UK for coordinating en route air traffic control in Europe.F FAAFleet Air Arm, of UK”s Royal Navy.FADECfinal approach fix, the point at which a published instrument approach begins.FAIFederal Aviation Regulations(USA).FARAfly by light i.e.control via optical fibres

FBOfly-by-wire.Aircraft control systems in which pilots“ control inputs are transmitted to control surfaces electronically or via fibre optics rather than by mechanical linkage.Also see FBL.FCLflight control system.fcstflight data recorder, popularly known as a ”black box“(actually painted bright orange), by which various parameters of an aircraft”s flight perＦＯＲＭance are recorded for analysis in the event of an incident or accident.featherto set the angle of CS or VP propeller edge-on to the airflow to minimise drag and rotation following engine failure on multi-engined aircraft.Also applies to motor gliders which have feathering propellers to enhance engine-off soaring perＦＯＲＭance.final(s)Flight InＦＯＲＭation Centre.FIRFlight InＦＯＲＭation Service, providing a variety of services and inＦＯＲＭation(but not control)to air traffic in the two FIRs above.FJflight level, a level of constant atmospheric pressure shown by an altimeter set to a standard 1013.2 millibars, expressed in rounds hundreds of feet, thus FL330 is 33,000 feet.flagthrottling or other restriction of engine power ouput(usually in turboprops and turboshafts)at sea level to enable it to give constant predictable power at higher operating altitudes.flameoutflashing.flicker effectforward-looking infra-red.FLMfoot-launched powered aircraft, e.g.powered parachutes.FMflight management computer/system

FMGCflight management system.FMUforeign object damage, usually to turbine engines through ingestion of runway debris etc.FPLfeet per minute, a measure of an aircraft“s rate of climb or descent.Similarly m/s or mps, metres per second.FSSflying training organisation.FTSfeet per minute G gg-induced loss of consciousness.Pilot blackouts caused by excessive g or by too-rapid onset of g-forces.Experienced mostly by pilots of high-perＦＯＲＭance military jets and competition aerobatic aircraft, has led to fatal crashes.GAGeneral Aviation Awareness Campaign.GAFORgallons, imperial or USA.One imp gall = 1.201 U.S.gall.GAMAGeneral Aviation Manufacturers & Traders Association, UK.GAPANGeneral Aviation Safety Council

GASILground-controlled approach.A landing approach in which a ground controller gives verbal guidance in azimuth and elevation to a pilot using precision approach radar(PAR)to monitor the aircraft”s approach path.Still used by the military, but defunct in civil aviation.GFTRussian equivalent of GPS/Navstar satellite navigation system.gloveground

GNSSVHF direction-finding(France)

GPgallons per hour, an expression of fuel consumption or fuel flow(FF)in either imperial or U.S.gallons.Usually lb/hr for turbine-powered aircraft.GPSground proximity warning system.A radar-based flight-deck system to give pilots audible warning by means of horns, hooters, taped or synthetic voices of terrain close beneath an aircraft“s flight path.GRADUglassfibre-reinforced plastic;also CFRP, carbon-fibre reinforced plastic.Composite materials seeing increasing use in entire airframes for GA aircraft(e.g.Beech Starship)and for components for helicopters, airliners and military aircraft.GSgroundspeed.The speed an aircraft makes over the ground, a product of its airspeed and wind speed.H H24Historic Aircraft Association.HAI1:500,000 scale ICAO aeronautical chart.Hdgsuffix used in RT callsigns to indicate that the aircraft is a large transport, alerting controllers and following aircraft to the possibility of wake turbulence.Hectopascal(hPa)helicopter emergency medical services.Hertzhigh-frequency band, used for long-range radio communications in the 3-30 MHz range.Hghigh intensity approach lighting.HIGEhigh intensity radiated(electromagnetic)fields.HIRLhigh intensity strobe light.holding patternhands on cyclic and collectivehover out of ground effect.Also see HIGE.hot-and-highhands on throttle and stick.Ergonomic cockpit design technology, originally developed for military combat aircraft, enabling a pilot to fly the aircraft and manage all navigation, weapons and other systems from control column/throttle lever hand grips.HOTCCsee HOTAS above.hpHighlands Restricted Area

hrshorizontal situation display.HSIhead-up display.A method of projecting instrument readouts or data which enables a pilot to see them while looking through the aircraft”s windscreen.Mostly used on military aircraft, but now in service on some commercial airliners.HzInternational Council of Aircraft Owners and Pilots Associations

IASInternational Air Transport Association.i/cInternational Civil Aviation Organisation.IFidentification friend or foe.IFRin ground effect.Helicopter perＦＯＲＭance with an earth surface immediately below.Also OGE, out of ground effect.Helicopters can hover at a greater maximum altitude IGE(above a mountain slope, for example)than they can in free air, OGE.IGSinstrument landing system.The approach aid employing two radio beams to provide pilots with vertical and horizontal guidance during the landing approach.The localiser provides azimuth guidance, while the glide-slope defines the correct vertical descent profile.Marker beacons and high intensity runways lights are also part of the ILS.IMCuncertainty phase of search-and-rescue procedure.INSintermittent or fluctuating, term used in Met reports.IRInspect and repair as necessary

IREInstrument Rating Test ISAinter-turbine temperature.Also TGT, turbine gas temperature TIT, turbine inlet temperature.IWRJoint Aviation Authority.JARJoint Airmiss Working Group.A civilian/military committee which reviews and reports on all airmisses which occur in UK airspace.JEFTSU.S.-developed navigational/approach chart system with worldwide coverage, similar to British Aerad system.JPATSkilogram(s)kHzknots indicated airspeed.kmone nautical mile per hour(never one knot per hour), the standard unit of aviation speed measurement.One knot equals 1.1515 mph;one nautical mile equals 6,080 feet.kV-kilovolt kWLower Airspace Radar Advisory service, available to all aircraft flying in uncontrolled UK airspace from 3,000 feet amsl to FL95.See also MMARS, RAS and RIS, below.LAMSlatitude.LATCCpound(s)

lbfliquid crystal display

lcztlift /drag ratio, a measurement of the efficiency of a wing aerofoil section

LDAlight emitting diode

LFlow-intensity two-colour approach system.LLTVlocalizer((USA).LOCmedium-frequency non-directional radio beacon used as an aid to establishing yourself on final approach during an instrument landing procedure..LOFTLocator outer marker

lon(g)low-frequency hyperbolic radio long-range navigation system which measures time difference between reception of synchronised signals transmitted from ground transmitters.Loran-C, operates in the 100-110 kHz frequency band with an operating range of 600-1,500 nm independent of line-of-sight, and is becoming very popular among GA aircraft operators in the USA.M M or magratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound.Mach 1 is the speed of sound at sea level, ISA, approximately 1,100 feet per second or 760 mph.MAPpart of an instrument landing system using 75 MHz transmitters emitting fan-shaped or elliptical signal patterns vertically upwards, defining specific points along the glideslope.The outer marker OM is situated at or near the glideslope intercept altitude of the ILS localiser, the middle marker(MM)defines a point on the glideslope at or near decision height(DH).Markers provide aural and visual indications on a cockpit marker beacon receiver.MATZinternational radio distress call(from the French, m“aidez--help me).It signifies imminent danger to life requiring immediate assistance.mbMulti-crew co-operation

MCUminimum descent altitude.The lowest altitude, in feet amsl, to which descent is authorised on final approach during a non-precision instrument landing(i.e.where no glideslope guidance is given)without visual reference to the runway.MDHmilitary emergency diversion airfield.medevacmeteorology, weather.METARmedium frequency.Radio waves with frequencies in the 300-3,000 kHz range.MFAmulti-function display.An EFIS CRT offering selectable displays of weather radar, navigation maps, checklists and data other than primary flight inＦＯＲＭation.MHMegahertz, the frequency of radio carrier waves measured in millions of cycles per second.minimumsmicrowave landing system.A microwave-based instrument approach system intended to replace ILS in the 1990s and claimed to offer a number of advantages such as the ability to fly segmented and curved precision approaches.MLWmillimetre”s

MMARSmilitary operations area.MoDmodification to an aircraft or equipment

mogasman-powered aircraft

mphmajor periodic inspection

MSAmean sea level

MTBFmilitary terminal control area.MTOWmaximum total weight authorised.N

NASNational Air Traffic Services.A division of the CAA providing UK air traffic control.Navnavigation aid.Nav/ComNational Business Aircraft Association, USA.NDBnavigation flight test

nmnap of earth.Low flying, usually by the military, using contour-flying techniques and terrain-masking to avoid being seen.NORDOno significant change, term used on Met reports.NOTAMno tail rotor.A system patented by McDonnell Douglas for maintaining directional control of helicopters without use of an anti-torque tail rotor.NPRMNational Transportation Safety Board.U.S.equivalent of UK“s AAIB.nvgNational Vocational Qualification.A Government-recognised qualification, the cost of training for which can be set against tax.O OASCoutside air temperature.The temperature of the air outside an aircraft measured by a probe with a cockpit gauge readout.OAT affects the measurement of indicated airspeed and its value is needed to calculate true airspeed.At high speeds kinetic heating demands correction to the indicated OAT for true outside air temperature.OATSobstruction.OBSobstacle clearance height.The lowest height above the elevation of the runway threshold or above aerodrome elevation used to establish compliance with obstacle clearance criteria in an instrument approach.Also OCA, obstacle clearance altitude, and OCL, obstacle clearance limit.OCUOne engine inoperative

OEMOut of ground effect

oktahigh accuracy, very-low frequency(VLF)long-range navigation system of the hyperbolic type, covering the entire earth down to the surface from eight ground-based transmitters.Used principally by airliners, military aircraft and intercontinental business aircraft.opson request.o/tOperational Training Unit.P

P1co-pilot

Panprecision approach path indicator, a system of coloured lights installed at the approach end of a runway which provides visual guidance to the correct glidepath.A successor to VASI, below.PARpassengers.PEDAuthorisation granted to aircraft such as homebuilds, vintage aeroplanes, warbirds and some simple ”classic“ light aircraft which are not required to meet the standards demanded for a full C of A, and are accordingly restricted in the kinds of operation for which they may be used.PFPopular Flying Association, the UK homebuilt and antique aircraft organisation.PFDpowered hang-glider

PICPilots InＦＯＲＭation Guide

pinch-hitterPipeline Inspection Notification System.PIOflight-plan.PMSPilot not flying.The ”non-handling“ pilot in multi-crew operation

PNR(number of)persons on board.Also SOB, souls on board.POCpilot”s operating handbook, an aircraft“s ”owner“s manual”.Pooley“spowered paraglider.PPLPrivate Pilot”s Licence for helicopters，PPL(SLMG)prior permission only.Certain airfields or events require advance notification(by telephone, for example)of your intended arrival.PROBmanoeuvre which reverses the direction of an aircraft“s flight during an instrument approach procedure to enable it to intercept the final approach course.PPRpounds per square inch, a measurement of pressure.PTTspecial temporary airways created for flights by certain members of the royal family, notified by NOTAM.Q QFIQualified helicopter instructor.Quadrantal Rule1:250,000 scale ICAO aeronautical chart

Q-codeRules of the Air and Air Traffic Services section of the AIP

rabbit lightsRoyal Aeronautical Society

RAFmaximum permissible weight of an aircraft, which exceeds maximum take-off weight by an allowance for fuel burned during engine-start and taxi.RAPIDrectified airspeed.Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument position error.RAS(2)add-on qualification to a pilot”s licence, e.g.Night Rating, Multi-engine Rating, Instrument Rating, Seaplane Rating etc.Individual Type Ratings are necessary to fly aircraft over 12,500 pounds MTWA.RCLrelative bearing indicator, displaying inＦＯＲＭation from the ADF.RDORadar InＦＯＲＭation Service.Provided to notify pilots of conflicting traffic outside regulated airspace, but offering no avoiding action.RMIremark(s).RMUarea navigation.A system of radio navigation which permits direct point-to-point off-airways navigation by means of an on-board computer creating phantom VOR/DME transmitters termed waypoints.RONinner end of wing where it meets fuselage.rpmradio telephony.Voice communications, as opposed to WT, wireless telegraphy

RTFrunway visual range, a horizontal measurement of visibility along a runway.rwyreceiver.S SACPsearch-and-rescue.Also Sarsat, SAR satellite.SASsenior air traffic control officer

satcomsService Bulletin.Advisory notices issued by aircraft, engine and equipment manufacturers alerting owners and engineers to faults or problems requiring preventitive or remedial maintenance or modification.Often termed “mandatory”, but do not have the legal force of Airworthiness Directives(which see).SBACSafety Data Analysis Unit of the CAA.“second pilot”(U.S.)VFR navigation chart, equivalent to our 1:500,000 or “half-million”.Semi-circularselective calling.A high-frequency system enabling air traffic control to alert a particular aircraft, by means of flashing light or aural signal in the cockpit, for receipt of a message without the crew having to maintain a listening watch.Used on long-haul over-ocean airline routes and by intercontinental bizjets.sfcradio call made from aircraft calling later than final position, or on final approach from a shortened circuit, or at 2nm from threshold on a straight-in approach.shpstandard instrument departure.A standard IFR departure route enabling air traffic controllers to issue abbreviated clearances and thus speed the flow of traffic.SIGMETsea level.SLAself-launching motor glider

SMOHsurface movement radar.SNOWTAMsouls on board, the number of persons on board an aircraft.Also POB.socked-instandard operating procedure.specific rangeStudent Pilot"s Licence.No longer issued in the UK, where a CAA medical certificate serves as an SPL.squawksunrise.

第三篇：維修工作質量管理

維修工作質量管理

1、班組要經(jīng)常對班組成員進行市場競爭教育、質量意識教育和遵守 質量管理規(guī)章制度的教育。

2、班組每月月初要召開一次班組產(chǎn)品質量和工作質量會，找出班組 質量管理問題，提出改造和提高產(chǎn)品質量與工作質量的有效措施。

3、班組生產(chǎn)工作中，必須嚴格執(zhí)行工藝和程序，嚴肅工藝記錄，對 因不執(zhí)行工藝造成質量事故或廢品損失，要按照“三不放過”原則認 真處理。

4、生產(chǎn)中要正確使用、維護、管理班組以及個人所用的計算器具，避免使用計算器具或維護不當造成錯檢、錯判、失準、損壞。

5、班組要按照要求填寫產(chǎn)品質量記錄，質量記錄填寫要完整、準確、規(guī)范

第四篇：中國民用航空維修行業(yè)的發(fā)展

中國民用航空維修行業(yè)的發(fā)展

通過深度剖析我國國內(nèi)民航維修業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，認真分析了我國航空維修業(yè)在“十二五”期間所面臨的機遇與挑戰(zhàn)，并提出了適合我國民航維修業(yè)發(fā)展的兩大重要舉措。

現(xiàn)狀：

在過去十年，我國民航機隊平均增長速度達到 10.95%。截至 2010 年年底，我國民航共擁有各類運輸類航空器1639 架，各類運行及備份發(fā)動機 3600 余臺，通用航空器 1010 架。2010 年我國民航維修市場總量達到 23.2 億美元，占世界 MRO 市場的 5% 左右，成為全球增長最快的民用航空維修市場。其中，發(fā)動機維修約占總量的 40%，航線維護、飛機大修及改裝、附件修理及翻修各占20%左右。

按照預測，隨著金融危機影響的逐步消退，世界經(jīng)濟在未來五年將持續(xù)保持每年 4% 以上的增長，民航客、貨運市場已開始步入穩(wěn)步復蘇階段，正帶動民航維修市場以 3.4% ～ 4.4% 的速度持續(xù)增長，世界民航維修市場的規(guī)模有望在 2015 年達到 500 億美元以上。

目標：

“十二五”期間，中國民航的機隊也將會迅速地擴大。到 2015 年，我國民航的大型運輸飛機將增至 2890 架，通用航空器將增至 2000 架以上，民航運輸總周轉量將增至 800 ～ 900 億噸公里，飛行總架次將達 840 萬架次以上，總飛行小時數(shù)將達到或超過 1000 萬飛行小時，維修保障工作量將比 2010 年增加 70%～ 100%。維修行業(yè)從業(yè)人員在目前 6萬余人的基礎上將新增 2.4 萬人以上的需求。因此，隨著維修工程水平的提高，中國民用航空維修行業(yè)在維修能力、人才建設、法規(guī)完善和安全監(jiān)管等諸方面必將取得更大的發(fā)展和長足的進步。

在這樣的形勢下，認清未來所面臨的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)，并制訂出符合我國國情的未來發(fā)展規(guī)劃是我國民航業(yè)的一項重要任務。

由于我國民用航空的部分基礎制造業(yè)發(fā)展仍處于比較初級的階段，我國民航運輸業(yè)大量使用歐美制造的飛機，使我國民航維修業(yè)的發(fā)展必然具有兩個鮮明的特點。一方面，為了保證我國機隊能夠安全飛行、平穩(wěn)運營，我們的管理體系、維修技術必須與國際“懸空”接軌。為此，國內(nèi)民航維修業(yè)多年來付出了巨大的努力。目前中國民航每百萬飛行小時的重大差錯率為 0.031，約為世界平均水平的五分之一，安全記錄在世界上名列前茅 ；另一方面，國內(nèi)基礎制造業(yè)的差距以及制造業(yè)發(fā)達國家和企業(yè)對我國設置的技術封鎖等壁壘，使得我國民航維修業(yè)的深度發(fā)展舉步維艱。因此，要想從根本上解決我國民航維修業(yè)能夠全面覆蓋我國機隊維修業(yè)務的問題，恐怕還要等到 ARJ-

21、C919 等機型投入使用并成為我國民航主力機型的時候。但是，我國的民航維修業(yè)必須從現(xiàn)在開始著手樹立目標。

2010 年，中國民用航空局李家祥局長針對適航維修領域的“十二五”發(fā)展方向，明確提出我國要“培養(yǎng)具有國際競爭力的飛機維修企業(yè)”、“整體提高我國航空器維修核心工程能力”、“形成3 個以上規(guī)模較大的維修產(chǎn)業(yè)集群、航空部（附）件維修集群及通用航空器維修集群，重點培育 1 ～ 2 家具有國際競爭力的飛機維修企業(yè)”的戰(zhàn)略目標。它將成為我國民航維修業(yè)建立成熟體系、走上良性循環(huán)的標志。

措施：

為了實現(xiàn)上述這一具有深遠意義的戰(zhàn)略目標，我國必須從內(nèi)外兩個方面入手，鍥而不舍地在這兩方面進行持續(xù)努力。1.加強各國政府、企業(yè)之間的雙多邊合作

我國的航空公司目前不但在國際飛機制造商中沒有得到與世界最大買家地位相應的待遇和話語權，反而在關鍵維修技術轉讓與掌握方面還不如一些采購等級低的國家。甚至一些歐美成熟的MRO 企業(yè)計劃在中國設立分廠也面臨著美國聯(lián)邦航空局（FAA）不予頒發(fā)維修許可證的困難。盡管有的中國航空維修企業(yè)已通過了技術審查，但現(xiàn)在也被宣布停止頒發(fā) FAA 的維修許可證。針對這些情況，我國鼓勵加強各國政府之間的合作與互信，相互接受審查結果，相互嚴格代行監(jiān)督，放松本國航空維修單位到對方國家開設分支、建廠合資的限制，允許民機維修技術的轉讓。

此外，今天的中國民航局的持續(xù)適航維修管理所保持的安全水平（如前所述的數(shù)據(jù)）證明其管理水平不比世界發(fā)達國家差，所采用的法律法規(guī)體系和FAA、歐洲航空安全局（EASA）也一樣，因此，各國政府相互之間對航空維修企業(yè)的認可應該是平等的。舉例來說，以我國現(xiàn)有機隊近4000 臺運輸類飛機發(fā)動機，2010 年僅出現(xiàn)空中停車 12 起，今年上半年僅有 5 起，這個數(shù)字即使在歐美恐怕也是難以企及的。這說明中國的航空維修安全管理已達到了 FAA 或EASA 的要求。

隨著 OEM 逐步減少新交付航空器的持續(xù)適航文件，特別是部附件維修手冊（CMM）的越來越少，在一定程度上已成為制約我國維修行業(yè)發(fā)展的一個影響因素，值得我國全行業(yè)甚至國家外交、商務部門關注，從而為行業(yè)開拓出可持續(xù)的發(fā)展空間。2.加強我國民航維修行業(yè)自身的維修能力建設

為了提高行業(yè)整體維修保障能力，要重點鼓勵國內(nèi)部附件和發(fā)動機的維修能力建設。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，目前國內(nèi)機隊100% 的發(fā)動機熱端部件、精密加工部附件，以及 70% 以上的飛機電子電器部附件及軟件升級更新等工作量都需要送到境外維修單位進行。這不但大量增加了航空公司等企業(yè)的成本支出，也為政府部門的安全監(jiān)管帶來了許多困難。為此，中國民用航空局將積極促進獨立維修企業(yè)與生產(chǎn)制造企業(yè)、科研院所橫向聯(lián)合，開發(fā)新的維修項目和工具工裝，借助我國航空工業(yè)部門的制造能力加快維修行業(yè)發(fā)展 ；鼓勵民航維修企業(yè)通過資本運作的方式與技術合作相結合的方式聯(lián)合發(fā)展，引導維修產(chǎn)業(yè)積極發(fā)展優(yōu)勢維修 ；鼓勵維修單位積極建設國內(nèi)市場占有量大、地位重要的發(fā)動機深度維修能力，以及市場需求量大、技術含量高、附加值高的各種部附件的維修、檢測能力 ；積極鼓勵通用航空器和關鍵部附件的維修能力建設 ；鼓勵國內(nèi)稀缺項目和新項目的申請，減少維修能力的冗余重復建設。

上述需要加強和鼓勵的政策中所指的國內(nèi)維修企業(yè)包括國外維修企業(yè)在國內(nèi)設立的獨資、合資企業(yè)及其實體分支。同時，中國民航特別鼓勵對制造行業(yè)和技術優(yōu)勢企業(yè)的聯(lián)合與引進，對于新型工裝具、發(fā)動機深度維修、關鍵部附件以及通用航空維修項目等方面國外企業(yè)來中國設立獨資合資企業(yè)或者與中國企業(yè)建立各種合作機制都予以支持，只要不影響我國航空公司的運營活動、都是本國適航當局的鼓勵支持對象。

此外，在不久的將來即將放松的低空空域管制政策對通用航空維修可能產(chǎn)生較大的影響。鼓勵通用航空的發(fā)展是毋庸置疑的，但并不會放松對安全的關注。在這一領域，中國民航是不會在放松低空空域管制的同時放松安全管理目標，不管在什么樣的空域，安全都必須是第一位的。綜合上述，我國的民用航空維修市場將隨著我國的國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展而不斷壯大。到目前為止，中國民航局對中國航空運輸業(yè)和中國航空維修業(yè)的未來都非常看好。

第五篇：機動車維修質量管理及檔案要求

機動車維修質量管理及檔案要求

一、機動車維修經(jīng)營者對機動車進行二級維護、總成修理、整車修理的，應當建立機動車維修檔案。車輛維修檔案建立電子檔案的，應同時保存原始單據(jù)；實行一車一檔，規(guī)定內(nèi)容應當記載及時、完整和準確，相關單據(jù)齊全，具體維修作業(yè)、質量檢驗人員和托修方在相關單證上簽字，不得隨意變更。

二、機動車維修檔案保存期為二年。

三、機動車維修經(jīng)營者應當按照國家、行業(yè)或者地方的維修標準和規(guī)范進行維修。尚無標準或規(guī)范的，可參照機動車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)提供的維修手冊、使用說明書和有關技術資料進行維修。在維修過程中需要增加維修項目或者擴大維修范圍的，應當事先征得托修方同意，并在維修合同中明確。

四、機動車維修經(jīng)營者不得使用假冒偽劣配件維修機動車。

五、機動車維修經(jīng)營者應當建立采購配件登記制度，記錄購買日期、供應商名稱、地址、產(chǎn)品名稱及規(guī)格型號等，并查驗產(chǎn)品合格證等相關證明。機動車維修經(jīng)營者對于換下的配件、總成，應當交托修方自行處理。機動車維修經(jīng)營者應當將原廠配件、副廠配件、舊配件和修復配件分別標識，明碼標價，供托修方自行選擇使用。使用舊配件或者修復配件維修機動車的，應當征得托修方的書面同意。

六、機動車維修經(jīng)營者對機動車進行二級維護、總成修理、整車修理的，應當與托修方簽訂維修合同，應當實行維修前診斷檢驗、維修過程檢驗和竣工質量檢驗制度。機動車維修竣工質量檢驗合格的，維修質量檢驗人員應當簽發(fā)《機動車維修竣工出廠合格證》；未

簽發(fā)機動車維修竣工出廠合格證的機動車，不得交付使用，車主可以拒絕交費或接車。禁止偽造、倒賣、轉借機動車維修竣工出廠合格證。

七、機動車維修實行竣工出廠質量保證期制度。汽車和危險貨物運輸車輛整車修理或總成修理質量保證期為車輛行駛20000公里或者100日；二級維護質量保證期為車輛行駛5000公里或者30日；一級維護、小修及專項修理質量保證期為車輛行駛2000公里或者10日。其他機動車整車修理或者總成修理質量保證期為機動車行駛6000公里或者60日；維護、小修及專項修理質量保證期為機動車行駛700公里或者7日。質量保證期中行駛里程和日期指標，以先達到者為準。機動車維修質量保證期，從維修竣工出廠之日起計算。

八、在質量保證期和承諾的質量保證期內(nèi)，因維修質量原因造成機動車無法正常使用，且承修方在3日內(nèi)不能或者無法提供因非維修原因而造成機動車無法使用的相關證據(jù)的，機動車維修經(jīng)營者應當及時無償返修，不得故意拖延或者無理拒絕。在質量保證期內(nèi)，機動車因同一故障或維修項目經(jīng)兩次修理仍不能正常使用的，機動車維修經(jīng)營者應當負責聯(lián)系其他機動車維修經(jīng)營者，并承擔相應修理費用。在機動車維修質量保證期內(nèi)，因維修質量造成機械故障和直接經(jīng)濟損失的，經(jīng)營者應當及時無償修復和賠償，并依法承擔相應責任。

九、機動車維修經(jīng)營者應當在經(jīng)營場所的醒目位置懸掛機動車維修經(jīng)營許可證和機動車維修標志牌，公布機動車維修工時定額和結算單價，并將工時定額和結算單價向發(fā)放經(jīng)營許可證的道路運輸管理機構備案。工時定額和結算單價備案后3個月內(nèi)不得隨意調(diào)整。

十、道路運輸管理機構按照維修合同約定和相關規(guī)定調(diào)解維修質量糾紛。機動車維修質量糾紛雙方當事人均有保護當事車輛原始

狀態(tài)的義務。必要時可拆檢車輛有關部位，但雙方當事人應同時在場，共同認可拆檢情況。對機動車維修質量的責任認定需要進行技術分析和鑒定，且承修方和托修方共同要求道路運輸管理機構出面協(xié)調(diào)的，道路運輸管理機構組織專家組或委托具有法定檢測資格的檢測機構作出技術分析和鑒定。鑒定費用由責任方承擔。

十一、申請調(diào)解應提供下列資料： 申請調(diào)解方(當事單位或人)的名稱，法定代表人的姓名、單位、地址、電話；當事人的名稱、單位、地址、電話；糾紛的詳細經(jīng)過及申請調(diào)解的理由與要求的書面報告；維修合同、車輛竣工出廠合格證、維修費用結算憑證等其它必要的資料。

十二、機動車維修經(jīng)營者承修車輛，發(fā)現(xiàn)有偽造證明、證件，車輛發(fā)動機號、車架號碼有明顯改動或者破壞痕跡等情況的，應當向公安機關報告。未報告的，一經(jīng)查實，由公安機關按照有關法律、法規(guī)、規(guī)章予以處理。

十三、機動車維修經(jīng)營者聘用的從業(yè)人員應具有從業(yè)資格證。

十四、機動車維修業(yè)戶應建立質量信譽檔案，質量信譽檔案內(nèi)容應包括業(yè)戶基本情況、安全生產(chǎn)事故記錄、服務質量事件記錄、違章經(jīng)營情況、投訴情況、業(yè)戶管理情況等。機動車維修業(yè)戶應當加強對質量信譽檔案的管理，及時將相關內(nèi)容和材料記入質量信譽檔案，并按照所在地市（州）、縣級道路運輸管理機構的要求定期或不定期報送相關資料。機動車維修業(yè)戶分立或合并,應當將原業(yè)戶質量信譽檔案完整移交。

十五、對質量信譽等級為B級的機動車維修業(yè)戶實行限期整改制度。由業(yè)戶所在地縣級以上道路運輸管理機構分別實施以下行政措

施：

（一）提出具體整改要求，責令業(yè)戶限期在3個月內(nèi)整改。

（二）限期整改業(yè)戶應在質量信譽考核公告后15日內(nèi)向所在地縣級以上道路運輸管理機構報送整改書面措施，接受道路運輸管理機構的監(jiān)督和檢查。整改期間不得從事整車修理、總成修理和二級維護作業(yè)工作。

（三）限期整改業(yè)戶整改到期后經(jīng)核查仍不合格的，由縣級以上道路運輸管理機構依法重新核定經(jīng)營類別或撤銷經(jīng)營許可，并向社會通報。