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      如何寫好高考英語作文第三講

      時(shí)間:2019-05-13 07:18:13下載本文作者:會員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《如何寫好高考英語作文第三講》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《如何寫好高考英語作文第三講》。

      第一篇:如何寫好高考英語作文第三講

      如何在英語寫作中活用諺語

      常見諺語:

      ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? More haste less speed.欲速則不達(dá) Accidents will happen.天有不測風(fēng)云

      Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched.蛋未孵化,莫數(shù)小雞 A coin has two sides.每個(gè)硬幣有兩個(gè)面

      Only work no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍,聰明孩子也變傻 A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見真情

      Traveling ten thousand li is better than reading ten thousand books.讀萬卷書不如行萬里路

      One will get something new in looking over one’s old studies溫故而知新 Honesty is the best policy.誠實(shí)是上策

      An apple a day keeps the doctor away一天一個(gè)蘋果,疾病遠(yuǎn)離我 Beggars cannot be choosers花子不能挑肥揀瘦 Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井繩 A stitch in time saves nine.小洞不補(bǔ),大洞吃苦

      Where there is a will,there’s a way.有志者事竟成!That’s

      just sour grapes.吃不到葡萄就說葡萄酸

      一、引用諺語的技巧

      1.用as the saying goes來引出諺語,其意為“常言道”“正如有句諺語所說”;它可以放在句首,也可以放在句末,有時(shí)也可放在句子中間。如: ? As the saying goes “More haste less speed,”.常言道:“欲速則不達(dá)?!?? As the saying goes “Accidents will happen,”.正如有句諺語所說:“天有不測風(fēng)云?!?/p>

      ? “Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched” ,as the saying goes.正如有句諺語所說:“蛋未孵化,莫數(shù)小雞?!?/p>

      ? However, as an old saying goes, a coin has two sides.Having a private teacher also has its disadvantages.但是,正如有句諺語所說:“每個(gè)硬幣都有兩個(gè)面?!闭埣彝ソ處熞灿衅洳焕?。

      ? From my point of view, taking more physical exercises is a good way to solve these problems.Just as a saying goes: “Only work no play makes Jack a dull boy.” 依我的看法,多進(jìn)行體育鍛煉是解決這個(gè)問題的一個(gè)好辦法。正如有句諺語所說:“只工作不玩耍,聰明孩子也變傻?!?/p>

      2.用There is a saying going like this 來引出諺語,其意為“有句諺語是這樣說的”。如:

      ? There is a saying going like this, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” What is a true friend? A true friend is a person who can share your happiness and sorrow.有句諺語是這樣說的:“患難見真情。”什么樣的朋友才算是真正的朋友?真正的朋友就是能與你分享快樂和分擔(dān)憂愁的人。? There is a Chinese saying going like this: “Traveling ten thousand li is better than reading ten thousand books.” Indeed, travel benefits us a lot.中國有句諺語是這樣說的:“讀萬卷書不如行萬里路?!甭糜螌ξ覀兊拇_很有益處。? There is an old saying going like this, “One will get something new in looking over one’s old studies,” which means that forming the good habit of revising is very important for us.有句諺語是這樣說的:“溫故而知新。”其意是說形成好的復(fù)習(xí)習(xí)慣對我們很重要。

      ? There is a saying going like this: Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.Indeed, early rising does good to our life in many ways.有句諺語是這樣說的:早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聰明。早起床的確在許多方面對我們的生活有好處。

      3.用which is a saying we are all familiar with來引出諺語。此時(shí)的which引出的是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,注意其前用逗號,不可用句號。其實(shí),這類表達(dá)若運(yùn)用得當(dāng),對于提高書面表達(dá)得分非常有幫助,因?yàn)椴粌H引用諺語可以算一種高級表達(dá),而且還能恰當(dāng)?shù)赜蒙戏窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句,可以說是“高級中的高級”了。如:

      ? We should sleep eight hours and make ourselves in good moods every day.A merry heart goes all the way, which is a saying we are all familiar with.我們每天要睡八個(gè)小時(shí),讓自己有個(gè)好心情。心曠神怡,事事順利——這可是我們大家都熟悉的一句諺語。

      ? Honesty is the best policy, which is a saying we are all familiar with.Everyone is likely to make mistakes, so are the children.誠實(shí)是上策。這是我們大家都熟悉的一句諺語。每個(gè)人都可能犯錯(cuò)誤,小孩子也一樣。

      ? An apple a day keeps the doctor away, which is a saying we are all familiar with.In fact, apples contain plenty of nourishments which are good to our health.一日一個(gè)蘋果,醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我。這是我們大家都熟悉的一句諺語。事實(shí)上,蘋果含有大量對我們身體有益的營養(yǎng)成份。

      二、套用諺語的技巧

      套用諺語就是直接將諺語套用在自己的句子中,使之成為自己句子的一個(gè)組成部分。下面略舉幾例,同學(xué)們可以從中學(xué)習(xí)如何在自己的句子中套用諺語。1.Beggars cannot be choosers.叫花子不能挑肥揀瘦。如:

      Like it or not, remember, beggars can’t be choosers.不管你是喜歡還是不喜歡,記住,叫花子不能挑肥揀瘦。

      I don’t care much for the Christmas present, for beggars can’t be choosers.對于什么樣的圣誕禮物我不在乎,因?yàn)榻谢ㄗ硬荒芴舴蕭荨?/p>

      I would have preferred a bed, but beggars can’t be choosers so I slept on the sofa.我本想要張床,但是叫花子不能挑肥揀瘦,所以我就睡在沙發(fā)上了。

      Usually I hate pancakes but beggars can’t be choosers.So I walked in hoping to find some discarded pancakes since I had no money.通常我不喜歡吃烙餅,但是叫花子不能挑肥揀瘦,所以我還是走了進(jìn)去,希望能找到一些別人吃剩的烙餅,因?yàn)槲疑頍o分文。2.Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井繩;一次上當(dāng),下次小心。如:

      She certainly won’t swim again—once bitten, twice shy.她肯定不會再游泳了——所謂一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井繩。

      I try to avoid meeting her.But probably once bitten, twice shy, I always feel nervous whenever I see her.我盡量避免與她見面。但也許是一朝被蛇咬十年怕井繩吧,我每次見到她都感到很緊張。

      A: Do you think he will marry again?你覺得他會再婚嗎?

      B: I’m afraid he won’t—once bitten, twice shy.恐怕不會了——所謂一朝被蛇咬十年怕井繩啊。

      3.It never rains but it pours.不雨則已,一雨傾盆;災(zāi)禍等不發(fā)生則已,一發(fā)生便接踵而至。如:

      First his car broke down, then he lost my key—it never rains but it pours!先是他的汽車出了故障,接著又丟了鑰匙——真是禍不單行!Please look at the long dialogue:

      A: Oh, my God!It’s the end of the world!哦,上帝!世界末日到了!B: What’s the matter? 出什么事了?

      A: I got sacked yesterday.我昨天被炒了魷魚。

      B: Look on the bright side.Perhaps you can find a better job.往好的方面看,也許你可以找到一份更好的工作。

      A: And my girl friend broke up with me this morning.I can hardly believe it!接著,今天早上我的女朋友把我甩了,我簡直不敢相信!

      B: I’m sorry to hear that.Can I do anything for you? 我為你難過。我能幫什么忙嗎?

      A: Can you lend me some money? I lost my wallet just now and my whole month’s salary was in it.Oh, no!How could this happen to me!你能借我些錢嗎?我剛才把錢包丟了,里邊裝著我整個(gè)月的薪水。哦,天哪!我怎么會碰上這樣的事!B: Just as the saying goes, it never rains but it pours.Anyway, cheer up.Everything will turn out all right.正如俗話所說,禍不單行。無論如何,看開一點(diǎn),一切都會好轉(zhuǎn)起來的。

      A: I hope so.但愿如此。

      第二篇:高考英語作文好句子

      篇一:高考提高寫作能力的英語優(yōu)美句子背誦

      高考提高寫作能力的英語優(yōu)美句子背誦 1.anything is possible.just dont give up and believe in yourself, and youll make it happen.任何事都是有可能的。所以別放棄,相信自己,你可以做到的。

      2.you are a landscape, no need in the scenery inside looking up to others.你就是一道風(fēng)景,沒必要在別人風(fēng)景里面仰視。

      3.life is not fair, but it was still wonderful。生活本來就是不公平的,但可以活得精彩。

      4.simple to do yourself, there is always a door open for dream.簡單做自己,總有一扇門為夢想打開。

      7.how tough life is, how strong you should be.人生有多殘酷,你就該有多堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。8.good or bad we must all live.無論生活是悲是喜我們都須承受。

      9.the world is too big, life is too short, to live as much as they want to.世界太大,生命太短,要過得盡量像自己想要的樣子才對。

      10.if you care about what other people think,you will always be their prisoner.如果你總是在意別人的看法,那么你將永遠(yuǎn)是他們的囚犯。

      11.if you wait to do everything until youre sure its right, youll probably never do much of anything.如果你等到每件事都確定是對的才去做,那你也許永遠(yuǎn)都成不了什么事。12.life isnt always perfect.life isnt always easy.life doesnt always make sense.but thats the beauty of life.生活不總是完美無缺,輕而易舉或者合情合理。但這就是生活的美好之所在。

      13.what is insistence? that is,day after day,you tell yourself to go on for another day.什么是堅(jiān)持?就是一天,又一天,你告訴自己,再堅(jiān)持一天。

      14.you must be strong now.you must never give up.and when you are afraid of the dark, dont forget the light is always there.你要堅(jiān)強(qiáng),決不能放棄。當(dāng)你擔(dān)憂生活黑暗無邊之時(shí),請記得希望總會在某處閃光。

      15.a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行,始于足下。16.sometimes the world tries to knock it out of you, but i believe in music the way that some people believe in fairy tales.世人會不時(shí)的踐踏你的夢想,但我相信那旋律真實(shí)存在,就像有些人相信童話一樣。

      17.avec tout le courage de mettre en place le plus brillant sourire.用所有的勇氣,撐起最燦爛的笑容。

      18.let your past make you better,not bitter.讓你的過去推動(dòng)你更多成長,而不是增添更多怨恨。

      19.no one can go with you for a lifetime, so you have to adjust yourself to be alone;no one will help you again and again, so you have to fight all the time.沒有人陪你走一輩子,所以你要適應(yīng)孤獨(dú);沒有人會幫你一輩子,所以你要一直奮斗。

      20.do not pray for easy lives.pray to be stronger men.不要祈禱生活的舒適,祈禱自己變得更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。

      23.always remember that in life.whatever we do, we are never defeated unless we give up.永遠(yuǎn)要記住,無論我們做什么,人生從來都沒有失敗,唯一的失敗就是自己放棄。24.no matter how hard the life will be, if we keep strong, everything will be gone.無論日子多艱難,只要我們保持堅(jiān)強(qiáng),一切都會過去的。

      25.sometimes life can only be understood backwards;but it must be lived forwards.有時(shí)候,生活只能是后知后覺,但卻必須勇往直前。

      26.if you find a path with no obstacles, it probably doesn’t lead anywhere.太容易的路,可能根本就不能帶你去任何地方。

      27.life is short and you deserve to be happy。生命苦短,你應(yīng)該過得開心些。

      28.it is never too late to be what you might have been.做回你自己,永遠(yuǎn)都不嫌晚。29.when you wake up in the morning, set a goal that today you must be better than yesterday.do it everyday, grow better!早上醒來時(shí),給自己定個(gè)目標(biāo):今天一定要比昨天好!每天堅(jiān)持,一定會大有收獲!

      30.everyones got a life that no one else knows about.每個(gè)人都有自己的人生,冷暖自知。

      31.have a trip.what the world can give you is always beyond what runs wild in your mind.出去外面走走,這個(gè)世界能給你的,往往能比我們一直亂想的東西還多。

      32.sometimes there are no explanations and all you have to do is follow your heart and hope you made the right decision.有的時(shí)候,很多事情根本無法解釋清楚,你要做的就是跟隨你的內(nèi)心,并祈禱自己做出的選擇是正確的。

      33.laughter is the shortest distance between people.笑是人與人之間最短的距離。34.when life gives you 100 reasons to cry, show life that you have 1000 reasons to smile.當(dāng)生命給你100種哭泣的理由,你要還它1000種微笑的原因。35.hold on, pain ends.堅(jiān)持住,痛苦終會過去!

      36.happiness is a life-style choice, not a mood.快樂,是一種生活方式的選擇,而不僅是一種情緒。

      37.there is still a long way to go.you may cry, but you have to keep on moving and never stop.前面的路還很遠(yuǎn),你可能會哭,但是一定要走下去,一定不能停。38.the healthiest response to life is joy.對生命最佳的回應(yīng),是生活得很快樂。篇二:高考英語作文經(jīng)典得分句子 高考作文經(jīng)典句型100句

      這100句用在你的作文中會像炸彈一樣,使你的作文爆發(fā)出想象不到的力量!1.it is important for everyone to learn english well in our rapidly developing world.在這個(gè)迅速發(fā)展的世界里,對每個(gè)人來說,學(xué)好英語是非常重要的。[額外成就感] 同樣句型包括:it is important/(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible)for sb.to do sth.例句:it is necessary to shake hands when you first meet someone.與第一次見面的人握手是非常必要的。

      2.the harder you work at it, the more progress you will make.你工作越努力,你取得的進(jìn)步就越大。[額外成就感] ①the+比較級..., the+比較級...②比較級+and+比較級(the world is getting smaller and smaller.)[額外成就感] 類似的句型還有:if necessary?, they can?

      4.the best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday.記憶新單詞最好的方法是每天操練這些單詞。5.the atmosphere in my family is fantastic 我的家庭氣氛溫馨和睦。6.the reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful.人們?yōu)槭裁催x擇生活在城市的原因是因?yàn)槌鞘械纳罡奖?、更多彩?.i had a great first impression of american people.我對美國人民有了很好的第一印象。

      8.we have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem.我們對自己解決問題的能力有足夠的信心。

      隨著現(xiàn)代科技的迅速發(fā)展,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為生活和工作中必不可少的一部分。10.you should read as many books as you possibly can.大家應(yīng)該盡可能的多讀書。

      12.we all need clean air to breathe;we all need clean water to drink;we all need green places to enjoy.我們都需要呼吸清新的空氣,我們都需要飲用潔凈的水,我們都需要綠地來享受。

      13.let’s work together to make our world a better place.讓我們一起努力把世界變得更加美好。14.we should make full use of our time to do useful and productive things.我們應(yīng)該充分利用好時(shí)間去做有用的、富有成效的事。

      15.we should get into the good habit of using our time wisely.我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成一個(gè)好習(xí)慣,明智地利用時(shí)間。

      16.what i really want to know is whether he will go abroad next month? 我的確想知道的是,他是否會在下個(gè)月出國。

      17.television is harmful to developing minds.電視不利于開發(fā)心智。

      18.children usually have far more potential than their parents had realized 孩子們都有很大的潛能,而父母卻沒有意識到這一點(diǎn)。

      19.in the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in our school.在過去的10年里,我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了巨大的變化。20.people who spend more time with their families are usually healthier and happier.那些花更多時(shí)間和家人在一起的人通常會更健康更幸福。

      21.the job was hard, which made me so tired that i almost quit half way.這份工作太辛苦,差點(diǎn)使我半途而廢。[額外成就感] ①直接使用:so? that?

      例句:the job was so tired, boring and seemed endless that i almost quit half way.這份工作太累、太無聊,而且沒完沒了,這使我差點(diǎn)半途而廢。高級句型挑戰(zhàn):

      the job was hard, boring and seemed endless, which made me so tired that i almost quit half way.這份工作太辛苦、太無聊,而且沒完沒了,這使我非常累,差點(diǎn)半途而廢。

      ②能夠增加句子層次的高級連詞還有:(not only ?but also?)、(because?)、(because of?)、(as long as?)、(so long as?)22.the red star television factory, which produces tv sets of quality, was set up in the 1980’s.生產(chǎn)高品質(zhì)電視的紅星電視機(jī)廠,始建于1980年。

      23.the e-reading room, where we can send e-mails to all parts of the world, is open to both teachers and students.我們可以向世界每個(gè)地方發(fā)電子郵件的電子閱覽室,對老師和同學(xué)都同樣開放。我感覺我會是你們公司所需要的人。

      25.the number of workers and engineers has risen(更高級詞匯:increased)to over 2000, and 80% of them are college graduates.工人和工程師的數(shù)量已超過了2000人,而且他們有80%都是大學(xué)學(xué)歷。

      26.there is an increasing tendency that students own their mobile phones on campus.在校園內(nèi),學(xué)生擁有手機(jī)的趨勢在不斷增長。

      27.now in the rural areas, there are many children out of school.i think one of reasons is that their families are too poor to afford their schooling.現(xiàn)今,在農(nóng)村地區(qū)還有很多孩子失學(xué)。我認(rèn)為原因之一就是他們的家庭太貧困,而無法供應(yīng)他們上學(xué)。

      28.people should pay more attention to the education of children because they will play a very significant /(important)part/(role)in the future of our country.人們應(yīng)該增加對兒童教育的重視,因?yàn)樗麄儠谧鎳奈磥戆缪葜匾慕巧?/p>

      29.in 2008, you will see beijing as beautiful as a garden, with cleaner water and clearer sky.到2008年,我們會看到北京像花園一樣,有著更加清澈的河水和碧透的天空。30.how nice to hear from you again.能再次收到你的來信真是太好了。

      31.your early reply will be highly appreciated.敬盼早日回復(fù)。[額外成就感] i’m looking forward to meeting you in no time.我期待與你早日相見。

      32.if you have any questions or requests, please let me know.篇三:高考英語作文萬能句子大全

      高考英語作文萬能句子大全[1] 結(jié)尾 因此,我們最好得出這樣的結(jié)論??

      there is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫無疑問,跳槽有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn).all in all, we cannot live without ? but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.總之,我們沒有?是無法生活的.但同時(shí),我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來對付可能出現(xiàn)的新問題.高考英語作文萬能句子 引出話題句子

      recently, the problem of ? has aroused people’s concern.最近,??問題已引起人們的關(guān)注.the internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已在我們的生活中扮演著越來越重要的角色。它給我們帶來了許多好處,但也產(chǎn)生了一些嚴(yán)重的問題。

      with the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that? 隨著科技的發(fā)展,越來越多的人認(rèn)為??

      a lot of people seem to think that ? 很多人似乎認(rèn)為?? 引出觀點(diǎn)句子

      people’s views on ? vary from person to person.some hold that ?.however, others believe that?.人們對??的觀點(diǎn)因人而異。有些人認(rèn)為??,然而其他人卻認(rèn)為?? people may have different opinions on ?人們對??可能會有不同的見解。

      attitudes towards(drugs)vary from person to person.人們對待吸毒的態(tài)度因人而異。there are different opinions among people as to ?關(guān)于??,人們的觀點(diǎn)大不相同。different people hold different attitudes toward(failure).對(失敗)人們的態(tài)度各不相同。結(jié)尾萬能

      高考英語作文萬能句子大全[2] 能句

      there is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫無疑問,跳槽有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn)。

      all in all, we cannot live without ? but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.總之,我們沒有?是無法生活的。但同時(shí),我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來對付可能出現(xiàn)的新問題。

      提出建議萬能句

      it is high time that we put an end to the(trend).該是我們停止這一趨勢的時(shí)候了。it is time to take the advice of ? and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ? 該是采納??的建議,并對??的進(jìn)展給予特殊重視的時(shí)候了。

      there is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ? 毫無疑問,對??問題應(yīng)予以足夠的重視。

      obviously, ? if we want to do something ? , it is essential that ? 顯然,如果我們想做某事,很重要的是?

      only in this way can we ? 只有這樣,我們才能?? it must be realized that ?我們必須意識到??

      預(yù)示后果萬能句obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that ? will lead us in danger.很明顯,如果我們不能控制這一問題,很有可能我們會陷入危險(xiǎn)。

      no doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ? 毫無疑問,除非我們采取有效措施,很可能會??

      it is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.很緊迫的是,應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展。論證萬能句

      from my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.在我看來,支持第一種觀點(diǎn)比支持第二種觀點(diǎn)更有道理。

      i cannot entirely agree with the idea that ?我無法完全同意這一觀點(diǎn)?? personally, i am standing on the side of ?就個(gè)人而言,我站在??的一邊。i sincerely believe that ?我真誠地相信??

      in my opinion, it is more advisable to do ? than to do ?.在我個(gè)人看來,做??比做??更明智。

      finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ? 給出原因萬能句

      this phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.first, ? second, ? third, ? 這一現(xiàn)象的存在是有許多原因的。首先,??;第二,??;第三,?? why did ?? for one thing 高考英語作文萬能句子大全[3] ?,for another ?.perhaps the primary reason is?

      為什么會???一個(gè)原因是??,令一個(gè)原因是??;或許其主要原因是??

      i quite agree with the statement that ? the reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分贊同這一論述,即??,其主要原因如下: 解決辦法萬能句

      here are some suggestions for handling ? 這是如何處理某事的一些建議。the best way to solve the troubles is ? 解決這些麻煩的最好辦法是??

      people have figured out many ways to solve this problem.人們已找出許多辦法來解決這個(gè)問題。批判錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)

      as far as something is concerned, ? 就某事而言,?? it was obvious that ?很顯然,?.it may be true that ?, but it doesn’t mean that ? 可能??是對的,但這并不意味著??it is natural to believe that ?, but we shouldn’t ignore that ? 認(rèn)為??是很自然的,但我們不應(yīng)忽視??

      there is no evidence to suggest that ? 沒有證據(jù)表明?? 如何連接

      強(qiáng)調(diào) still, indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly.比較 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.對比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.列舉 for example, for instance, such as, take ?for example, except(for), to illustrate.時(shí)間 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.順序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.解釋 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.遞進(jìn) what is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, agai 高考英語作文萬能句子大全[4] n.讓步 although, after all, in spite of?, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.轉(zhuǎn)折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas 原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.結(jié)果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence 總結(jié) on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.[ 結(jié) 束 ]高考英語作文萬能句子:表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折

      下面是高考英語作文萬能句子:表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折,希望對大家有幫助!however we will never countenance violence, however serious the threat against us.不管威脅多么嚴(yán)峻,我們永遠(yuǎn)不會容忍暴力。rather than because love consists of accepting other person as he or she is rather than regulating her or him.愛一個(gè)人就是接受他原來的樣子而不是重塑他(以成為你期望的樣子)。instead of she frittered away her time in going to the cinema instead of studying.她不把時(shí)間花在學(xué)習(xí)上,而是浪費(fèi)在看電影上了。but on the one hand i admire his gifts, but on the other i distrust his judgment.一方面我羨慕他的才華,而另一方面我卻懷疑他的判斷力。yet although i have not read through the book of persons, yet i will try to read it in every sense.盡管我還沒有讀完這本“人之書”,但我會一直努力從各個(gè)方面去閱讀。on the other hand but on the other hand there is a wounded child inside you who wants recognition and appreciation from the outside world.

      第三篇:高考英語好句子.

      All for one, one for all.人人為我,我為人人。—— [法] Dumas pére 大仲馬 Other men live to eat, while I eat to live.別人為食而生存,我為生存而食?!?Socrates 蘇格拉底 Easy come, easy go.易得者亦易失。—— Hazlitt赫斯特 Love rules his kingdom without a sword.愛,統(tǒng)治了他的王國,不用一枝利劍?!?Herbert 赫伯特 We soon believe what we desire.我們欲望中的東西,我們很快就信以為真?!?Chaucer喬叟 The darkest hour is that before the dawn.黎明前的時(shí)分是最黑暗的。—— Fuller 富勒 The longest day has an end.最難過的日子也有盡頭?!?Howell 賀韋爾 Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.生活而無目標(biāo),猶如航海之無指南針?!?J.Ruskin 魯斯金 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.手中的一只鳥勝于林中的兩只鳥?!?Heywood 希伍德 One swallow does not make a summer.一燕不成夏。—— Tavernier 泰維納

      A man may lead a horse to the water, but he cannot make it drink.一個(gè)人可以把馬帶到河邊,但他不能令它飲水?!?Heywood 希伍德 One cannot eat one’s cake and have it.一個(gè)人不能把他的糕餅吃掉之后還留在手上?!?Davies 戴維斯 Time is money.時(shí)間就是金錢?!?Benjamin Franklin富蘭克林 Time and tide wait for no man.時(shí)間不等人?!?Scott 斯科特 There is no rose without a thorn.沒有玫瑰花是不長刺的?!?Ray 雷 Lookers-on see most of the game.旁觀者清?!?Smelly 斯密萊 Beggars cannot be choosers.行乞者不得有選擇。—— Heywood 希伍德 First catch your hare.首先必須捕獲兔子,然后才能宰之?!?Thackeray 薩克雷 Victory won’t come to me unless I go to it.勝利是不會向我走來的,我必須自己走向勝利?!?M.Moore 穆爾 A great man is always willing to be little.偉大的人物總是愿意當(dāng)小人物的?!?R.W.Emerson 愛默生 Cowards die many times before their deaths.懦夫在未死之前,已身歷多次死亡的恐怖了?!?Julius Caesar 凱撒 Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.但凡人能想象到的事物,必定有人能將它實(shí)現(xiàn)。—— Jules Verne 凡爾納 Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聰明?!?Benjamin Franklin 富蘭克林 Life is just a series of trying to make up your mind.生活只是由一系列下決心的努力所構(gòu)成。—— T.Fuller 富勒 Goals determine what you are going to be.目標(biāo)決定你將成為為什么樣的人?!?Julius Erving歐文 All human wisdom is summed up in two words ?C wait and hope.人類所有的智慧可以歸結(jié)為兩個(gè)詞 — 等待和希望?!?Alexandre Dumas Pére 大仲馬(法國作家)

      It is not enough to be industrious, so are the ants.What are you industrious for? 光勤勞是不夠的,螞蟻也是勤勞的。要看你為什么而勤勞。—— H.D.Thoreau梭羅

      You have to believe in yourself.That’s the secret of success.人必須相信自己,這是成功的秘訣?!?Charles Chaplin卓別林 2010年高考英語作文必背寫作句式句型

      (按照以下,作文寫不出120字不可能)一.開頭用語:

      良好的開端等于成功的一半.在寫作文時(shí),通常以最簡單也最常用的方式---開門見山法。也就是說, 直截了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢瞿銓@個(gè)問題的看法或要求,點(diǎn)出文章的中心思想。

      1.議論論文:

      A.Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.

      B.Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.C.When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience.However,...D.Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.E.As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.F.Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.2.書信:

      A.I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.B.I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...C.Thank you for your letter of May 5.D.How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.E.How nice to hear from you again.3.口頭通知或介紹情況:

      A.Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please.I have an announcement to make.B.Attention, please.I have something important to tell you.C.Mr.Green, Welcome to our school.To begin with, let me introduce Mr.Wang to you.4.演講稿:

      A.Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject--A Balance Diet and Health.B.Good morning everyone!Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.二.并列用語:

      as well as, not only…but(also, including,A.Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.B.All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.C.He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French.D.E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.三.對比用語:

      on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to..., though, for one thing;for another, nevertheless A.I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.B.It is hard work;I enjoy it though.C.Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.四.遞進(jìn)用語:

      even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore;but for, in addition, to make matters worse A.The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.五.例證用語:

      in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely A.As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.

      B.There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is(to say , the question of education.六.時(shí)序用語:

      first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays, A.They will be here soon.Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.B.Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.七.強(qiáng)調(diào)用語:

      especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.., not at all , A.Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.B What in the world/on earth are you doing? 八.因果用語:

      thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of..., owe...to...A.The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.B.As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.九.總結(jié)用語:

      in short;briefly/ in brief;generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all

      A.Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.B.In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted.常用句型

      (一)段首句

      1.關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。一些人認(rèn)為……

      There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that …… 2.俗話說(常言道)……,它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場合仍然適用。

      There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.3.現(xiàn)在,……,它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更為糟糕的是……。

      Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, …… Second,……What makes things worse is that…….4.現(xiàn)在,……很普遍,許多人喜歡……,因?yàn)椤?,另外(而且)……。Nowadays,it is common to …….Many people like …… because ……

      Besides,……

      5.任何事物都是有兩面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。

      Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.關(guān)于……人們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同,一些人認(rèn)為(說)……,在他們看來,…… People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person.Some people say that ……To them,……

      7.人類正面臨著一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題……,這個(gè)問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重。Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious.8.……已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題,特別是在年青人當(dāng)中,將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。

      ……h(huán)as become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用,它給我們帶來了許多好處,但同時(shí)也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問題。

      ……h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10.根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……,但是為什么呢?

      According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that……while.Obviously,……but why?

      (二)中間段落句

      1.相反,有一些人贊成……,他們相信……,而且,他們認(rèn)為……。On the contrary,there are some people in favor of……t the same time,they say……

      2.但是,我認(rèn)為這不是解決……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。But I don't think it is a very good way to solve …….For example,……Worst of all,…….3.……對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是……

      ……is necessary and important to our country's development and construction.First,……What's more, ……Most important of all,……

      4.有幾個(gè)可供我們采納的方法。首先,我們可以……。There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can……

      5.面臨……,我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的方法來……。一方面……,另一方面,Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…….For one thing,F(xiàn)or another,6.早就應(yīng)該拿出行動(dòng)了。比如說……,另外……。所有這些方法肯定會……。It is high time that something was done about it.For

      example.……In addition.……All these measures will certainly…….7.為什么……?第一個(gè)原因是……;第二個(gè)原因是……;第三個(gè)原因是……??偟膩碚f,……的主要原因是由于……

      Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to …….8.然而,正如任何事物都有好壞兩個(gè)方面一樣,……也有它的不利的一面,象……。

      However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as ……

      9.盡管如此,我相信……更有利。

      Nonetheless , I believe that ……is more advantageous.10.完全同意……這種觀點(diǎn)(陳述),主要理由如下: I fully agree with the statement that ……because…….(三)結(jié)尾句

      1.至于我,在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點(diǎn),我認(rèn)為……

      As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ……

      2.總而言之,整個(gè)社會應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注……這個(gè)問題。只有這樣,我們才能在將來……。

      In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.3.但是,……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢(好處)。例如,……,而……。然而,把這兩者相比較,我更傾向于(喜歡)……

      But ……and……h(huán)ave heir own advantages.For example, …… while…… Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……

      4.就我個(gè)人而言,我相信……,因此,我堅(jiān)信美好的未來正等著我們。因?yàn)椤?/p>

      Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because……

      5.隨著社會的發(fā)展,……。因此,迫切需要……。如果每個(gè)人都愿為社會貢獻(xiàn)自己的一份力量,這個(gè)社會將要變得越來越好。

      With the development of society, ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.6.至于我(對我來說,就我而言),我認(rèn)為……更合理。只有這樣,我們才能……

      For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you……

      7.對我來說,我認(rèn)為有必要……。原因如下:第一,……; 第二,……;最后……但同樣重要的是……

      In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows.First……second …… Last but not least,……

      8.在總體上很難說……是好還是壞,因?yàn)樗诤艽蟪潭壬先Q于……的形勢。然而,就我個(gè)人而言,我發(fā)現(xiàn)……。

      It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view find……

      9.綜上所述,我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論……

      From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that……

      10.如果我們不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了這種趨勢,就會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我們應(yīng)該做的是……

      If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is 常用句型: 開頭:

      When it comes to..., some think...There is a public debate today that...A is a commen way of..., but is it a wise one? Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.提出觀點(diǎn): Now there is a growing awareness that...It is time we explore the truth of...Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.進(jìn)一步提出觀點(diǎn):...but that is only part of the history.Another equally important aspect is...A is but one of the many effects.Another is...Besides, other reasons are...提出假想例子的方式: Suppose that...Just imagine what would be like if...It is reasonable to expect...It is not surprising that...舉普通例子: For example(instance,......such as A,B,C and so on(so forth A good case in point is...A particular example for this is...引用:

      One of the greatest early writers said...“Knowledge is power”, such is the remard of...“......”.That is how sb comment(criticize/ praise....“......”.How often we hear such words like there.講故事

      (先說故事主體),this story is not rare...., such delimma we often meet in daily life...., the story still has a realistic significance.提出原因:

      There are many reasons for...Why...., for one thing,...The answer to this problem involves many factors.Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves...The first reason can be obiviously seen.Most people would agree that...Some people may neglect that in fact...Others suggest that...Part of the explanation is...進(jìn)行對比:

      The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...Although A enjoys a distinct advantage...Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.A maybe..., but it suffers from the disadvantage that...承上啟下:

      To understand the truth of..., it is also important to see...A study of...will make this point clear

      讓步:

      Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...I do not deny that A has its own merits.結(jié)尾:

      From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...In summary, it is wiser...In short...英語名句(也可以適當(dāng)用用)Seeing is believing.draw worldwide attention 舉世矚目

      good opportunity, favorable geographical location and support from the people 天時(shí)、地利、人和 enjoy popular support 深入人心 be true to one’s name 名副其實(shí) deserve one’s reputation 名不虛傳 change with each passing day 日星月異 More haste, less speed.欲速則不達(dá)

      Empty talks would lead the country astray, and hard work can

      rejuvenate the nation.空談?wù)`國、實(shí)干興邦

      Learn from others’ strong points and close the gap.取長補(bǔ)短 Great minds think alike.英雄所見略同 Be far-sighted 目光遠(yuǎn)大

      Do as you would be done by.已所不欲勿施于人 A good gain takes long pain.好事多磨

      It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to educate people.十年樹木,百年樹人 Troubles bake at home.后顧之憂

      Facts speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯

      Tap new sources of revenue and husband existing resources 開源節(jié)流

      Every little counts 積少成多

      Learn to meet practical needs 學(xué)以致用 Seeking increasing perfection 精益求精 To have one’s wish fulfilled 如愿以償

      Assess the situation, go with the tide 審時(shí)度勢,順應(yīng)潮流 This is beyond dispute.毫無疑問 Make overall arrangements 統(tǒng)籌兼顧

      Come straight to the point 開門見山 Second to none 首屈一指

      An onlooker sees most of the game.旁觀者清 段首句1.關(guān)于… …人們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。一些人認(rèn)為……

      There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest that ____.2.俗話說(常言道)……,它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場合仍然適用。

      There is an old saying______.Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.3.現(xiàn)在,……,它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先,……; 其次,……。更為糟糕的是……。

      Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4.現(xiàn)在,……很普遍,許多人喜歡……,因?yàn)椤?,另外(而且)……?/p>

      Nowadays,it is common to ______.Many people like ______

      because ______.Besides,______.5.任何事物都是有兩面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不 利的一面。

      Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.關(guān)于……人們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同,一些人認(rèn)為(說)……,在他們看 來,……

      People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.任何事物都是有兩面性,…也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不

      利的一面。Everything has two sides and(is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.…已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題,特別是在年青人當(dāng)中,將引發(fā)激烈 的辯論。(has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.…在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用 它給我們帶來了許多好處,但同時(shí)也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重 的問題。(has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well 人類正面臨著一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題…,這個(gè)問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重。Man is now facing a big problem(which is becoming more and more serious.根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖 /成形圖可以看出…。很顯然…,但是為什么呢? According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that(while.Obviously,(,but why? 英語作文萬能句子

      山重水覆疑無路,柳暗花明又一村

      A sudden glimpse of hope in the dark mist of bewilderment,it`s a long lane that has no turning.萬事開頭難

      The first step is always difficult.萬丈高樓平地起

      High buildings rise from the ground.有利必有弊

      Everything has its advantages as well as disadvantages.機(jī)不可失,時(shí)不再來

      Don`t lose a golden opportunity, it is never foud again.謀事在人,成事在天 Man proposes, God disposes.人逢喜事精神爽

      People are in high spirits when involved in happy events.人生如夢

      Life is but like a passing dream.仁者見仁,智者見智

      A true man loves the mountains, a wise man loves the sea.人非圣賢,孰能無過

      All men but saints are apt to make mistakes.失敗是成功之母

      Failure is the mother of success.一失足成千古恨

      A single slip can cause a lasting sorrow.有所不為,而后有所為

      You must be able to refrain yourself in some matters in order to accomplish others.飲水不忘挖井人

      Don`t forget the well – diggers when you drink from this well 己所不欲,勿施于人

      Don`t do to others what you don`t want others to do to you 英語作文萬能句子

      (1).According to a recent survey,four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查,每年有4,000,000 人死于與吸煙有關(guān)的疾病。

      2.The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的調(diào)查顯示相當(dāng)多的孩子對家庭作業(yè)沒什 么好感。

      3.No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.沒有 一項(xiàng)發(fā)明像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣同時(shí)受到如此多的贊揚(yáng)和批評。

      4.People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人們似乎忽視了教育不應(yīng)該隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束這一事 人們似乎忽視了教育不應(yīng)該隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束這一事 實(shí)。5.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越來越多的人開始意識到教育不 越來越多的人開始意識到教育不 能隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束。能隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束。6.When it comes to education,the majority of people believe that,education is a lifetime study.說到教育,大部分人認(rèn)為其是一個(gè)終生的學(xué)習(xí)。說到教育,說到教育 大部分人認(rèn)為其是一個(gè)終生的學(xué)習(xí)。7.Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.許多專家指出體育鍛煉直接有助于身體健康。許多專家指出體育鍛煉直接有助于身體健康。許多專家指出體育鍛煉直接有助于身體健康 8.Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.應(yīng)該采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┫拗仆鈬糜握叩臄?shù)量,應(yīng)該采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┫拗仆鈬糜握叩臄?shù)量,努力保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境和歷史不受國 際旅游業(yè)的不利影響。際旅游業(yè)的不利影響。9.An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city.However,this opinion is now,being questioned by more and more city residents,who complain that,the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.越來越多的專家相信移民對城市的建設(shè)起到積極作用。然而,越來 越來越多的專家相信移民對城市的建設(shè)起到積極作用。越來越多的專家相信移民對城市的建設(shè)起到積極作用 然而,越多的城市居民卻懷疑這種說法,他們抱怨民工給城市帶來了許多嚴(yán)重的問題,越多的城市居民卻懷疑這種說法,他們抱怨民工給城市帶來了許多嚴(yán)重的問題,像犯罪和賣淫。像犯罪和賣淫。10.Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus,which is,usually crowded with a large number of passengers.許多市民抱怨城市的 許多市民抱怨城市的 公交車太少,以至于他們要花很長時(shí)間等一輛公交車,而車上可能已滿載乘客。公交車太少,以至于他們要花很長時(shí)間等一輛公交車,而車上可能已滿載乘客。11.There is no denying the fact that air

      pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to : deal with it.無可否認(rèn),空氣污染是一個(gè)極其嚴(yán)重的問題:城市當(dāng)局應(yīng)該采取有 無可否認(rèn),無可否認(rèn) 空氣污染是一個(gè)極其嚴(yán)重的問題: 力措施來解決它。力措施來解決它。12.An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示婦女歡迎退休。一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示婦女歡迎退休。一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示婦女歡迎退休 12a.A proper part-time job does not occupy students' too much time.In fact,it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study.As an,old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.一份適當(dāng)?shù)?: 一份適當(dāng)?shù)?業(yè)余工作并不會占用學(xué)生太多的時(shí)間,事實(shí)上,業(yè)余工作并不會占用學(xué)生太多的時(shí)間,事實(shí)上,把全部的時(shí)間都用到學(xué)習(xí)上并 不健康,正如那句老話:只工作,不玩耍,聰明的孩子會變傻。不健康,正如那句老話:只工作,不玩耍,聰明的孩子會變傻。14.Any government,which is blind to this point,may pay a heavy,price.任何政府忽視這一點(diǎn)都將付出巨大的代價(jià)。任何政府忽視這一點(diǎn)都將付出巨大的代價(jià)。任何政府忽視這一點(diǎn)都將付出巨大的代價(jià) 15.Nowadays,many students always go into raptures at the mere,mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin.Unfortunately,for most young people,it is not pleasant experience on,their first day on campus.當(dāng)前,一提到即將開始的學(xué)校生活,許多學(xué)生都會 當(dāng)前,當(dāng)前 一提到即將開始的學(xué)校生活,興高采烈。然而,對多數(shù)年輕人來說,興高采烈。然而,對多數(shù)年輕人來說,校園剛開始的日子并不是什么愉快的經(jīng) 歷。16.In view of the seriousness of this problem,effective measures,should be taken before things get worse.考慮到問題的嚴(yán)重性,在事態(tài)進(jìn)一 考慮到問題的嚴(yán)重性,考慮到問題的嚴(yán)重性 步惡化之前,必須采取有效的措施。步惡化之前,必須采取有效的措施。17.The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills,which may,put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分學(xué)生相信 大部分學(xué)生相信 業(yè)余工作會使他們有更多機(jī)會發(fā)展人際交往能力,業(yè)余工作會使他們有更多機(jī)會發(fā)展人際交往能力,而這對他們未來找工作是非 常有好處的。常有好處的。18.It is indisputable that there are

      millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.無可爭辯,現(xiàn)在有成千上萬的人仍過著挨餓受凍的痛苦生活。無可爭辯,現(xiàn)在有成千上萬的人仍過著挨餓受凍的痛苦生活。19.Although this view is wildly held,this is little evidence that,education can be obtained at any age and at any place.盡管這一觀點(diǎn)被廣 盡管這一觀點(diǎn)被廣 泛接受,很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點(diǎn)、任何年齡進(jìn)行。泛接受,很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點(diǎn)、任何年齡進(jìn)行。20.No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.沒有人能否認(rèn):教育是人生最重要的一方面。沒有人能否認(rèn): 沒有人能否認(rèn) 教育是人生最重要的一方面。21.People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.人們把會使用計(jì)算機(jī)與人生成功相提并論 相提并論。人們把會使用計(jì)算機(jī)與人生成功相提并論。22.In the last decades,advances in medical technology have made it,possible for people to live longer than in the past.在過去的幾十年,先進(jìn)的 在過去的幾十年,在過去的幾十年 醫(yī)療技術(shù)已經(jīng)使得人們比過去活的時(shí)間更長成為可能。醫(yī)療技術(shù)已經(jīng)使得人們比過去活的時(shí)間更長成為可能。23.In fact,we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as,important as life itself.事實(shí)上,我們必須承認(rèn)生命的質(zhì)量和生命本身一樣重 事實(shí)上,事實(shí)上 要。24.We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我們應(yīng)該不遺 我們應(yīng)該不遺 余力地美化我們的環(huán)境。余力地美化我們的環(huán)境。25.People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.人們相信擁有計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)可以獲 人們相信擁有計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)可以獲 得更多工作或提升的機(jī)會。得更多工作或提升的機(jī)會。26.The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.從 從 這幾年我搜集的信息來看,這些知識并沒有人們想象的那么有用。這幾年我搜集的信息來看,這些知識并沒有人們想象的那么有用。27.Now,it is generally accepted that no college or university can,educate its students by the time they graduation.現(xiàn)在,人們普遍認(rèn)為沒有 現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在 一所大學(xué)能夠在畢業(yè)時(shí)候教給學(xué)生所有的知識。一所大學(xué)能夠在畢業(yè)時(shí)候教給學(xué)生所有的知識。28.This is a matter of life and death——a matter no country can afford to ignore.這是一個(gè)

      關(guān)系到生死的問題,任何國家都不能忽視 0 這是一個(gè)關(guān)系到生死的問題,這是一個(gè)關(guān)系到生死的問題 任何國家都不能忽視

      第四篇:第三講關(guān)聯(lián)詞

      新起點(diǎn)文化培訓(xùn)中心

      第三講關(guān)聯(lián)詞

      我們先來了解一下關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類吧。

      (1)并列關(guān)系。各分句間的關(guān)系是平行并列的既??又??,不是??而是??,一邊??一邊??,又??又??,一會兒??一會兒??。

      (2)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。分句間是進(jìn)一層的關(guān)系

      不但(不僅)??而且??,不僅(不光)??還??

      ??甚至??,??還??,??也??。

      (3)選擇關(guān)系。各分句列出幾種情況,從中選出一種

      或者??或者??,不是??就是??,要么??要么??,是??還是。

      (4)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后一個(gè)分句與前一個(gè)分句的意思相反或相對,或部分相反 雖然??但是??,盡管??還是??,??卻??,??否則??。

      (5)因果關(guān)系。分句間是原因和結(jié)果的關(guān)系

      因?yàn)??所以??,既然??就??,這所以??是因?yàn)椋??因此??。

      (6)假設(shè)關(guān)系。一個(gè)分句表示假設(shè)的情況,另一個(gè)分句表示假設(shè)實(shí)現(xiàn)后的結(jié)果 如果??就??,即使??也??,哪怕??也??,要是??就??。

      (7)條件關(guān)系。一個(gè)分句說明條件,另一個(gè)分句表示在這一個(gè)條件下產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果 只有(除非)??才??,只要??就??,無論??都??,不管??總??。

      (8)取舍關(guān)系。

      寧可??也不??,與其??不如??。

      (一)關(guān)聯(lián)詞練習(xí):

      1、()不努力學(xué)習(xí),我們()會落后。

      2、我()喜歡語文,()喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。

      3、關(guān)在“籠子”里的()動(dòng)物,()游人。

      4、()金字塔是世界古代建筑物的一個(gè)奇跡,()吸引了許多游客。

      5、王紅()成績優(yōu)秀,()從來也不驕傲。

      6、同學(xué)們知道,()現(xiàn)在好好學(xué)習(xí),將來()能擔(dān)當(dāng)起建設(shè)祖國的重?fù)?dān)。

      7、小楊很愛勞動(dòng),只要有空閑,他()打水()掃地。

      8、()社會主義,()能救中國。

      9、開國大典那天,()群眾把嗓子都喊啞了,()覺得不能充分

      表達(dá)自己心里的興奮和激動(dòng)。

      10、()詹天佑設(shè)計(jì)了“人”字形線路,()火車上山就容易得多了。

      11、()生理學(xué)家和解剖學(xué)家用盡了方法把人的頭蓋骨完整地分開,()都沒有成功。

      (二)成語填空

      氣象()()、風(fēng)云()()、奇峰()()、()隱()現(xiàn)、()()駕霧、飄飄()()、白云()()、()()萬變

      有利()()、有機(jī)()()、有()有()、有()有()

      有口()()、有()無()、有求()()、有志()()

      風(fēng)華()()、出類()()、才思()()、后生()()

      文思()()、手不()()、筆下()()、力透()()

      (三)小小神醫(yī)。

      1.這個(gè)班級的同學(xué)是全校開展學(xué)雷鋒活動(dòng)最好的班級。

      2.六一節(jié)那天,我踏著輕松的步伐,興奮的心情來到學(xué)校。

      3.在美術(shù)老師的悉心指導(dǎo)下,使我的素描畫進(jìn)步很快。

      4.他經(jīng)?;貞涍^去有趣的往事。

      5.我們開會通過并討論了他的建議。

      (四)輕松一刻。

      1、馬克·吐溫的妙答

      美國現(xiàn)代著名作家馬克·吐溫,在一次宴會上,與一位女士對坐,出于禮貌,說

      了一聲:“你真漂亮!”那位女士不領(lǐng)情,卻說:“可惜我無法同樣地贊美您!”馬克·吐

      溫說:“那沒關(guān)系,你可以像我一樣說一句謊話。”言辭委婉、平和,反其義而用之,那位女士低下了頭。

      2、誰是冠軍

      一場足球賽的戰(zhàn)報(bào)寫道:“這一場激烈的足球賽的結(jié)果山東隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)敗了北京隊(duì)獲得

      了冠軍?!?/p>

      第一個(gè)人看后說,這場足球賽山東隊(duì)贏了。公報(bào)寫的是:“這一場激烈的足球賽的結(jié)果,山東隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)敗了北京隊(duì),獲得了冠軍?!绷硪粋€(gè)人說,不對。戰(zhàn)報(bào)上明明寫的是:“這一場激烈的足球賽的結(jié)果,山東隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)敗了,北京隊(duì)獲得了冠軍?!?/p>

      二:閱讀篇:

      天才少年——比爾·蓋茨

      美國人比爾·蓋茨靠著自己的智慧和努力,在20年里,魔術(shù)般地把900美元變

      成139個(gè)億,讓世人大吃一驚。有人說,蓋茨和他的微軟公司將會改變整個(gè)世界。

      蓋茨天生精力旺盛,非常好動(dòng)。還是在嬰兒時(shí),他就喜歡讓搖籃長時(shí)間不停地

      晃動(dòng),這好像很有趣。直到今天,他還是喜歡不停地?fù)u晃,這幾乎成了美國婦孺皆

      知的蓋茨特征。他七八歲時(shí),母親擔(dān)任社區(qū)服務(wù)工作,經(jīng)常帶他到學(xué)校里去給學(xué)生

      講解西雅圖的歷史,蓋茨總是坐在前排極為專心地聽講,這時(shí)好動(dòng)的習(xí)慣卻一點(diǎn)兒

      也找不到了。

      蓋茨從小志向遠(yuǎn)大。上四年級時(shí),他就對自己的好友說:“與其做一株綠洲中的小草,還不如做一棵禿丘上的橡樹?!?/p>

      他和許多孩子一樣,夢想成為人中豪杰。對于老師布置的作業(yè),一概認(rèn)真完成,就是花很長時(shí)間,也要盡力爭第一。一次,老師讓每人寫一篇故事,不超過20頁,他卻寫了100頁。蓋茨善于思考,喜歡創(chuàng)新。他覺得人人都應(yīng)有自己的創(chuàng)造發(fā)明。

      蓋茨生于名門世家,但父母卻不過度奢華。在母親的安排下,一家人的吃飯、出游,包括孩子們的穿衣都弄得井井有條。家庭這種嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、精細(xì)的作風(fēng)自然而然也

      影響了比爾·蓋茨,使他養(yǎng)成節(jié)儉的習(xí)慣。

      “時(shí)間”和“觀念”是蓋茨最注重的兩個(gè)條件。在他的讀書筆記中清楚地記下這

      樣一句座右銘:“機(jī)會加時(shí)間等于金錢?!弊詮乃谥袑W(xué)就讀后,便迷上了計(jì)算機(jī),從此蓋茨與計(jì)算機(jī)結(jié)下了不解之緣。

      閱讀練習(xí)

      1.給下面加點(diǎn)的字注音。

      婦孺皆知()禿丘()..

      奢華()不解之緣()..

      2.“這幾乎成了美國婦孺皆知的蓋茨特征”,聯(lián)系上文,蓋茨特征指的是

      3.“與其做一株綠洲中的小草,還不如做一棵禿丘的橡樹?!边@句話的含義是什么?

      4.讀了短文,你認(rèn)為比爾·蓋茨取得成功的因素有哪些?

      5.從下面所舉的事例中選擇一個(gè),聯(lián)系前后,加以想像并簡要回答問題。

      (1)當(dāng)“蘋果”電腦公司開發(fā)了“鼠標(biāo)”這種新技術(shù)后,“微軟”落后了。你認(rèn)為

      蓋茨會怎么想?怎么做?為什么?

      6.億萬富翁蓋茨,有一次和同事去開會,由于遲到了一會兒,找不到免費(fèi)停車位,同事建議付12美元停到貴賓車位。你認(rèn)為蓋茨會怎么想?怎么做?為什么?

      (二)放棄天堂的導(dǎo)盲犬

      一天,一個(gè)盲人帶著他的導(dǎo)盲犬過街時(shí),一輛大卡車失去控制,直沖過來,盲人當(dāng)

      場被撞死,他的導(dǎo)盲犬為了守衛(wèi)主人,也一起慘死在車輪底下。

      主人和狗一起到了天堂門前。

      一個(gè)天使攔住他倆,為難地說:“對不起,現(xiàn)在天堂只剩下一個(gè)名額,你們兩

      個(gè)中必須有一個(gè)去地獄?!?/p>

      主人一聽,連忙問:“我的狗又不知道什么是天堂,什么是地獄,能不能讓我來決定誰去天堂呢?“

      天使鄙視地看了這個(gè)主人一樣,皺起了眉頭,她想了想,說:“很抱歉,先生,每一個(gè)靈魂都是平等的,你們要通過比賽決定由誰上天堂。”

      主人失望地問:“哦,什么比賽呢?”

      天使說:“這個(gè)比賽很簡單,就是賽跑,從這里跑到天堂的大門,誰先到達(dá)目的地,誰就可以上天堂。不過,你也別擔(dān)心,因?yàn)槟阋呀?jīng)死了,所以不再是瞎子,而且靈魂的速度跟肉體無關(guān),越單純善良的人速度越快?!敝魅讼肓讼?,同意了。天使讓主人和狗準(zhǔn)備好,就宣布賽跑開始。她滿心以為主人為了進(jìn)天堂,會拼命往前奔,誰知道主人一點(diǎn)也不忙,慢吞吞地往前走著。更令天使吃驚的是,那條導(dǎo)盲犬也沒有奔跑,它配合著主人的步調(diào)在旁邊慢慢跟著,一步都不肯離開主人。天使恍然大悟:原來,多年來這條導(dǎo)盲犬已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了習(xí)慣,永遠(yuǎn)跟著主人行動(dòng),在主人的前方守護(hù)著他??蓯旱闹魅耍抢昧诉@一點(diǎn),才胸有成竹,穩(wěn)操勝券,他只要在天堂門口叫他的狗停下,就能輕輕松松贏得比賽。

      天使看著這條忠心耿耿的狗,心里很難過,她大聲對狗說:“你已經(jīng)為主人獻(xiàn)出了生命,現(xiàn)在,你這個(gè)主人不再是瞎子,你也不用領(lǐng)著他走路了,你快跑進(jìn)天堂吧!”

      可是,無論是主人還是他的狗,都像是沒有聽到天使的話一樣,仍然慢吞吞地地往前走,好像在街上散步似的。

      果然,離終點(diǎn)還有幾步的時(shí)候,主人發(fā)出一聲口令,狗聽話地坐下了,天使用鄙視的眼神看著主人。

      這時(shí),主人笑了,他扭過頭對天使說:“我終于把我的狗送到天堂了,我最擔(dān)心的就是它根本不想上天堂,只想跟我在一起......所以我才想幫它決定,請你照顧好它?!?/p>

      天使愣住了。

      主人留戀地看著自己的狗,又說:“ 能夠用比賽的方式?jīng)Q定真是太好了,只要我再讓它往前走幾步,它就可以上天堂了。不過它陪伴了我那么多年,這是我第一次可以用自己的眼睛看著它,所以我忍不住想要慢慢地走,多看它一會兒。如果可以話,我真希望永遠(yuǎn)看著它走下去。不過天堂到了,那才是它該去的地方,請你照顧好它?!?/p>

      說完這些話,主人向狗發(fā)出了前進(jìn)的命令,就在狗到達(dá)終點(diǎn)的一剎那,主人像一片羽毛似的落向了地獄的方向。他的狗見了,急忙掉轉(zhuǎn)頭,追著主人狂奔。滿心懊悔的天使張開翅膀追過去,想要抓住導(dǎo)盲犬,不過那是世界上最純潔善良的靈魂,速度遠(yuǎn)比 天堂所有的天使都快。

      所以導(dǎo)盲犬又跟主人在一起了,即使是在地獄,導(dǎo)盲犬也永遠(yuǎn)守護(hù)著它的主人。天使久久地站在那里,喃喃說道:“我一開始就錯(cuò)了,這兩個(gè)靈魂是一體的,他們不能分開......”

      同學(xué)們看完這個(gè)故事你有何感想呢?(200~300字)

      ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

      第五篇:第三講 城市總體規(guī)劃

      第三講 城市總體規(guī)劃(1)

      一 城市總體規(guī)劃編制背景

      城市規(guī)劃在編制的過程中應(yīng)突出綜合性、政策性、超前性、長期性和科學(xué)性的特點(diǎn),這些特點(diǎn)決定著城市總體規(guī)劃一方面解決著城市發(fā)展的技術(shù)性問題,另一方面還傳接著國家和地方的方針政策,并且這種傳接過程對城市規(guī)劃的編制往往又起著決定性的作用,規(guī)劃應(yīng)該以國家的方針政策為依據(jù)。

      1.1 國家政策和宏觀背景

      城市總體規(guī)劃作為一項(xiàng)政府職能,必須依照相關(guān)法律法規(guī)進(jìn)行編制和實(shí)施,做到依法規(guī)劃;同時(shí),城市總體規(guī)劃的編制也必須考慮及兼顧社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的宏觀環(huán)境,切實(shí)落實(shí)國家方針政策,行業(yè)規(guī)范和地方實(shí)施細(xì)則的指導(dǎo)意義。

      1.1.1 國家政策和部門法規(guī)體系

      國家十五計(jì)劃綱要提出“我國推進(jìn)城市化的條件已經(jīng)成熟,要不失時(shí)機(jī)地實(shí)施城鎮(zhèn)化戰(zhàn)略”,“有重點(diǎn)的發(fā)展小城鎮(zhèn),積極發(fā)展中小城市,完善區(qū)域中心城市功能,發(fā)揮大城市的輻射帶動(dòng)作用,引導(dǎo)城鎮(zhèn)密集區(qū)有序發(fā)展”。1.國家政策

      1)國家宏觀發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略背景 1999年西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略 2003年東北老工業(yè)基地振興

      “東部率先發(fā)展、中部崛起、西部開發(fā)、東北振興” 2)國家產(chǎn)業(yè)背景

      國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策1990年以來集中在6個(gè)方面: 一強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位,全面發(fā)展農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)

      二加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè),努力緩解基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)嚴(yán)重滯后的局面 三加快發(fā)展支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),帶動(dòng)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的全面振興

      四合理調(diào)整對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu),增強(qiáng)我國產(chǎn)業(yè)的國際競爭能力 五加快高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,支持新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā) 六繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè),同時(shí)優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)

      3)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)政策背景

      經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革、行政體制改革、消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)升級、宏觀調(diào)控等 4)國家土地政策背景

      節(jié)約用地、保護(hù)耕地是我國土地政策的核心。正確處理“一要吃飯,二要建設(shè)”的關(guān)系。近期,我國土地政策收緊,對用地審批進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格審查。

      此外,國家其他政策,如財(cái)政政策、農(nóng)業(yè)政策、房改政策等的調(diào)整對城市總體規(guī)劃也存在一定的影響。

      2.城市規(guī)劃法規(guī)體系

      1)城市規(guī)劃法

      《中華人民共和國城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃法》 2)城市規(guī)劃實(shí)施性行政法規(guī) 建設(shè)部:《城市規(guī)劃編制辦法》;建設(shè)部、文物局:《歷史文化名城保護(hù)規(guī)劃編制要求》等

      3)地方城市規(guī)劃法

      《深圳市城市規(guī)劃條例》 4)城市規(guī)劃行政規(guī)章

      《深圳市城市規(guī)劃標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與準(zhǔn)則》 5)城市規(guī)劃技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和技術(shù)規(guī)范

      《城市用地分類與規(guī)劃建設(shè)用地標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》 6)城市規(guī)劃相關(guān)的法律法規(guī) 《土地管理法》、《環(huán)境保護(hù)法》、《文物保護(hù)法等》

      1.1.2近期大政方針對城市發(fā)展的宏觀指導(dǎo)

      1.城市各類開發(fā)區(qū)的管理規(guī)定

      2003.12.30出臺《清理整頓現(xiàn)有各類開發(fā)區(qū)的具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和政策界限》通知,“對各類開發(fā)區(qū)進(jìn)行整改,堅(jiān)決糾正違規(guī)擅自設(shè)立開發(fā)區(qū)、盲目擴(kuò)大開發(fā)區(qū)規(guī)模的現(xiàn)象,切實(shí)解決開發(fā)區(qū)過多過濫、違規(guī)用地等突出問題,促進(jìn)開發(fā)區(qū)規(guī)范、協(xié)調(diào)地發(fā)展”

      2.城市建設(shè)中的有關(guān)規(guī)定和限制

      2004.2.12發(fā)布《關(guān)于清理和控制城市建設(shè)中脫離實(shí)際的寬馬路、大廣場建設(shè)的通知》。通知中與總體規(guī)劃有關(guān)有兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容:

      “一是暫停城市寬馬路、大廣場的建設(shè),各城市一律暫停批準(zhǔn)紅線寬度超過80米(含80米)的城市道路項(xiàng)目和超過2公頃(含2公頃)的游憩集會廣場?!?/p>

      “二是規(guī)范城市廣場、道路建設(shè)規(guī)劃,原則上,城市游憩廣場的規(guī)模,小城市和鎮(zhèn)不得超過1 hm2,中等城市不得超過2 hm2,大城市不得超過3 hm2,特大城市不得超過5 hm2;城市主干道包括綠化帶的紅線寬度,小城市和鎮(zhèn)不得超過40m,中等城市不得超過55m,大城市不得超過70m,人口在200萬以上的,城市主干道確實(shí)要超過70m的,應(yīng)當(dāng)在城市總體規(guī)劃中專項(xiàng)說明。”

      3.城鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃的要求

      2003.2.28,建設(shè)部下發(fā)了《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)省域城鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃實(shí)施工作的通知》,其中對規(guī)劃提出了新的要求,“規(guī)劃要從全局出發(fā),按城鄉(xiāng)一體、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的原則,認(rèn)真確定城鎮(zhèn)化和城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,確定區(qū)域基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和社會設(shè)施的空間布局,確定需要嚴(yán)格保護(hù)和控制開發(fā)的地區(qū),明確控制的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和措施,確定重點(diǎn)發(fā)展的小城鎮(zhèn),提出保障規(guī)劃實(shí)施的政策和措施”

      4.城市規(guī)劃內(nèi)容的有關(guān)確定

      2002年8月29日,建設(shè)部印發(fā)了《近期建設(shè)規(guī)劃工作暫行辦法》和《城市規(guī)劃強(qiáng)制性內(nèi)容暫行規(guī)定》的通知。

      《近期建設(shè)規(guī)劃工作暫行辦法》指出近期建設(shè)規(guī)劃的基本任務(wù)是:明確近期內(nèi)實(shí)施城市總體規(guī)劃的發(fā)展重點(diǎn)和建設(shè)時(shí)序;確定城市近期發(fā)展方向、規(guī)模和空間布局,自然遺產(chǎn)和歷史文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)措施;提出城市重要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共設(shè)施、城市生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)安排的意見。近期建設(shè)規(guī)劃為5年,原則上與城市國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展計(jì)劃的年限一致。

      近期建設(shè)規(guī)劃的強(qiáng)制性內(nèi)容包括:

      1.確定城市近期建設(shè)重點(diǎn)和發(fā)展規(guī)模。2.確定城市近期發(fā)展區(qū)域。

      3.提出對歷史文化名城、歷史文化保護(hù)區(qū)、風(fēng)景名勝去等相應(yīng)得保護(hù)措施。

      近期建設(shè)規(guī)劃的指導(dǎo)性內(nèi)容包括:

      1.提出對對外交通、城市道路、市政公用設(shè)施的選址、規(guī)模和實(shí)施時(shí)序意見。2.提出公共服務(wù)設(shè)施的選址和實(shí)施時(shí)序的意見。

      3.提出城市河湖水系、城市綠化、城市廣場等治理和建設(shè)的意見。4.提出近期城市環(huán)境綜合治理措施。

      《城市規(guī)劃強(qiáng)制性內(nèi)容暫行規(guī)定》指出:本規(guī)定所稱強(qiáng)制性內(nèi)容,是指省域城鎮(zhèn)體系、城市總體規(guī)劃、城市詳細(xì)規(guī)劃中涉及區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、資源利用、環(huán)境保護(hù)、風(fēng)景名勝資源管理、自然與文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、公眾利益和公共安全等方面的內(nèi)容。

      省域城鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃的強(qiáng)制性內(nèi)容包括:

      1.省域內(nèi)必須控制開發(fā)的區(qū)域,包括自然保護(hù)區(qū)、退耕還林(草)地區(qū)、大型湖泊、水源保護(hù)、分滯洪地區(qū)、以及其他生態(tài)敏感區(qū)。2.省域內(nèi)區(qū)域性重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的布局。

      3.涉及相鄰城市的重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施布局,包括城市取水口、城市污水排放口、城市垃圾處理場等。

      城市總體規(guī)劃的強(qiáng)制性內(nèi)容包括:

      1.市域內(nèi)必須控制開發(fā)的區(qū)域,包括:風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、濕地、水源保護(hù)區(qū)等生態(tài)敏感區(qū),基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)區(qū),地下礦產(chǎn)資源分布區(qū)。2.城市建設(shè)用地,包括用地規(guī)模、發(fā)展方向等。3.城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施。4.歷史文化名城保護(hù)。5.城市防災(zāi)工程。6.近期建設(shè)規(guī)劃。

      1.2 城市總體規(guī)劃編制要求

      1.2.1 城建部門的要求

      對省域城鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃主要體現(xiàn)在區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)的各個(gè)方面:

      1.區(qū)域人口和用地指標(biāo)的協(xié)調(diào) 2.區(qū)域基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的協(xié)調(diào) 3.區(qū)域環(huán)境建設(shè)的協(xié)調(diào)

      對城市總體規(guī)劃的要求主要體現(xiàn)在:

      1.用地布局方面 2.功能分區(qū)方面 3.市政公共事業(yè)方面

      4.環(huán)境保護(hù)、生態(tài)建設(shè)方面

      5.規(guī)劃編制、審批、實(shí)施管理機(jī)制方面

      1.2.2 地方政府的要求

      地方政府是城市開發(fā)的主體,是城市開發(fā)的最大獲益方,在城市規(guī)劃的編制過程中,往往更加強(qiáng)調(diào)物質(zhì)規(guī)劃和主觀規(guī)劃。

      1.夸大經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展首要位置 2.迎合領(lǐng)導(dǎo)意識

      3.過分強(qiáng)調(diào)與地方規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)部門或單位方案結(jié)合

      1.3 中小城市總體規(guī)劃的特殊性

      1.3.1 審批程序的特殊性

      目前城市總體規(guī)劃審批周期長,一方面與規(guī)劃審批的內(nèi)容復(fù)雜有關(guān),另一方面也與規(guī)劃審批制度有關(guān)。我國城市總體規(guī)劃實(shí)行分級審批制度,不同規(guī)劃的審批主體不同。

      《中華人民共和國城市規(guī)劃法》第二十一條第一款規(guī)定城市規(guī)劃實(shí)行分級審批:

      第二十一條

      城市規(guī)劃實(shí)行分級審批。

      直轄市的城市總體規(guī)劃,由直轄市政府報(bào)國務(wù)院審批。省和自治區(qū)人民政府所在地、城市人口在100萬以上的城市以及國務(wù)院指定其他城市的總體規(guī)劃,由省、自治區(qū)人民政府審查同意后,報(bào)國務(wù)院審批。

      本條第二款和第三款規(guī)定以外的設(shè)市城市和縣級人民政府所在地鎮(zhèn)的總體規(guī)劃,報(bào)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府審批,其中市管轄的縣級人民政府所在地鎮(zhèn)的總體規(guī)劃,報(bào)市人民政府審批。

      前款規(guī)定以外的其他建制鎮(zhèn)的總體規(guī)劃,報(bào)縣級人民政府批準(zhǔn)。

      城市人民政府和縣級人民政府在向上級人民政府報(bào)請審批城市總體規(guī)劃前,須經(jīng)同級人民代表大會或者其常務(wù)委員會審查同意。

      城市分區(qū)規(guī)劃由城市人民政府審批。

      城市詳細(xì)規(guī)劃由城市人民政府審批;編制分區(qū)規(guī)劃的城市詳細(xì)規(guī)劃,除重要的詳細(xì)規(guī)劃由城市人民政府審批外,由城市人民政府城市規(guī)劃行政主管部門審批。

      總體規(guī)劃審批的一般程序:

      前期工作、申報(bào)工作、審查工作和報(bào)批工作

      二 城市總體規(guī)劃程序

      2.1 調(diào)研階段 2.1.1 項(xiàng)目委托對話

      1.提出要求,包括:編制、修編和修改三類。其中修編是目前規(guī)劃市場的主流。

      中小城市的總體規(guī)劃主要有以下三個(gè)問題:

      1)城市發(fā)展需求 2)行政區(qū)劃調(diào)整 3)城市地位變更

      2.項(xiàng)目接洽,對項(xiàng)目技術(shù)深度和收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的談判。

      1)現(xiàn)場踏勘:包括城市區(qū)位、地理特征、城市結(jié)構(gòu)、城市綜合交通體系、城市

      重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施現(xiàn)狀及布局意向。

      2)廣泛交流:通過各種座談會(市委市政府會議和規(guī)劃城建專業(yè)部門會議)深入了解城市所面臨的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。

      3)資料分析:上版總體規(guī)劃及實(shí)施情況、地形圖精度覆蓋范圍及測繪時(shí)間、地方城市規(guī)劃的各項(xiàng)成果

      3.簽訂合同,項(xiàng)目準(zhǔn)備書(P38)、合同書。

      2.1.2 現(xiàn)場踏勘

      1.現(xiàn)場踏勘

      1)市域踏勘:各個(gè)下轄縣、市區(qū)城關(guān)鎮(zhèn)、重點(diǎn)鎮(zhèn)和有特色的一半鎮(zhèn)的規(guī)模、職能、特性、經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)展?jié)摿Α⒔煌l件和資源區(qū)位優(yōu)勢等內(nèi)容。2)中心城區(qū)踏勘:為繪制城市建設(shè)用地現(xiàn)狀圖作準(zhǔn)備

      2.部門訪談

      1)分類召開座談會 2)部分部門補(bǔ)充訪談 3.周邊城市調(diào)研 4.廣義資料收集

      2.1.3 基礎(chǔ)資料匯總

      1)電子資料匯總

      圖件和文字,首先明確工作地圖、核對坐標(biāo)系和比例尺,其次建立資料庫。2)文字資料匯總

      將各部門提供的行業(yè)資料匯總。3)座談及訪談筆記匯總

      座談會會議錄音記錄整理紀(jì)要,結(jié)合訪談撰寫總結(jié),作為現(xiàn)狀原始素材。

      2.2 初步構(gòu)思階段 2.2.1 現(xiàn)狀分析

      1.繪制現(xiàn)狀圖

      通過現(xiàn)場踏勘,通過計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖軟件AUTOCAD繪制城市建成區(qū)用地現(xiàn)狀圖。

      2.量化統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

      1)橫向分析:一般應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)分析中,通過對周邊城市、同等規(guī)模城市或發(fā)展歷史、地理環(huán)境類似的城市的相同經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行比較,分析所規(guī)劃的中小城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展階段和存在問題。

      2)縱向分析:包括用地?cái)?shù)量變化分析、歷年經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)變化分析、歷年人口變化分析等內(nèi)容。

      3.分類匯總 根據(jù)項(xiàng)目組小組成員的專業(yè)背景,分工匯總一手資料。

      1)人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)類分析:包括財(cái)政收入、GDP、人均GDP、城市人均收入、農(nóng)村人均收入、三次產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、三次產(chǎn)業(yè)中的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)、現(xiàn)狀產(chǎn)業(yè)布局、人口綜合增長變化趨勢、城市化水平及發(fā)展動(dòng)力。通過分析,掌握城市社會經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、實(shí)力和發(fā)展前景。

      2)交通類分析:包括對外交通和城市道路兩類。其中對外交通具體包括鐵路、公路、民航、航道等現(xiàn)狀和規(guī)劃意向。在市域范圍內(nèi)還要明確公路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和大型站場選址。城市道路主要包括城市道路結(jié)構(gòu)、各項(xiàng)道路指標(biāo)、機(jī)動(dòng)車和非機(jī)動(dòng)車數(shù)量統(tǒng)計(jì)、中藥交叉口、各類站場以及加油站、停車場等靜態(tài)交通設(shè)施現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展意向。通過交通分析,提出主要問題和解決途徑。

      3)用地類分析:主要包括現(xiàn)狀建設(shè)用地平衡、對照歷史形成用地增長模式圖,分析城市各類用地投入的變化情況和規(guī)律,系統(tǒng)分析各大類用地的現(xiàn)狀問題和規(guī)劃意圖,包括居住用地,工業(yè)倉儲、綠化、公共設(shè)施。

      4)城市重大近期項(xiàng)目和意向分析:通過座談和分析了解到的近遠(yuǎn)期城市意向項(xiàng)目,如行政中心的搬遷、新區(qū)開發(fā)、工業(yè)選址、大型市政工程項(xiàng)目,初步掌握項(xiàng)目位置、占地規(guī)模和啟動(dòng)時(shí)間。

      5)城市市政工程分析:主要包括城市給水、污水、雨水、電力、電信、供熱、環(huán)保衛(wèi)生、綜合防災(zāi)系統(tǒng)的分析。

      4.現(xiàn)狀分析匯總

      1)建立用地平衡表

      根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范,城市用地分為大類、中類和小類三個(gè)層次,分為10大類、46種類、73小類。中小城市總體規(guī)劃的用地劃分應(yīng)以中類為主,部分用地劃到小類。

      2)城市問題小結(jié)

      中小城市總體規(guī)劃和大城市總體規(guī)劃相比,更注重解決城市現(xiàn)狀問題,其次才是發(fā)展問題。城市現(xiàn)狀問題的把握直接影響城市用地布局方案,規(guī)劃師一般從經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、用地結(jié)構(gòu)、用地布局矛盾等三個(gè)方面深入分析,通過各項(xiàng)數(shù)字指標(biāo),闡明城市現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展的重大問題。

      3)城市規(guī)劃依據(jù)的確定

      國家的相關(guān)政策;地方實(shí)施細(xì)則或建設(shè)部門政策;地方區(qū)域規(guī)劃(省域城鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃、區(qū)域規(guī)劃、都市圈規(guī)劃)作為指導(dǎo)性依據(jù);已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的城市專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃成果也要納入城市總體規(guī)劃中考慮。

      4)規(guī)劃范圍的確定 按規(guī)劃的內(nèi)容確定

      市域城鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃的范圍為整個(gè)市域范圍 城市總體規(guī)劃工作范圍為中心城區(qū)

      戰(zhàn)略研究的范圍分宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)層面,全國、省、周邊城市地區(qū)。

      5)規(guī)劃期限的分解

      總體規(guī)劃的期限一般是20年,近期規(guī)劃一般5年,2005年以前編制的城市總體規(guī)劃以15年為周期,即以2010年為近期,以2020年為遠(yuǎn)期,2020年以后為遠(yuǎn)景,2005年以后編制的城市總體規(guī)劃可按20年周期順延。

      6)城市發(fā)展目標(biāo)

      城市發(fā)展目標(biāo)的確定是針對城市問題的總結(jié)和城市經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的判斷而得出的,包括經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)、城市規(guī)模、城市性質(zhì)和城市職能,并以此明確城市發(fā)展方向和發(fā)展時(shí)序。

      2.2.2 初步方案構(gòu)思

      1.根據(jù)城市不同的發(fā)展方向選擇確定的多種方案,一般稱東方案、西方案、北方案和南方案。

      2.依據(jù)城市的不同發(fā)展速度確定的多方案方式:穩(wěn)步發(fā)展型方案、加速發(fā)展型方案和跨越發(fā)展型方案。

      3.依據(jù)重點(diǎn)要解決城市主要問題確定的方案方式:交通疏導(dǎo)型方案、新區(qū)開發(fā)型方案、生態(tài)涵養(yǎng)型方案。

      實(shí)際工作中往往綜合三種方式,以1,2,3。。,選定3-5個(gè)方案對比,就城市發(fā)展方向、主要門檻、城市結(jié)構(gòu)、開發(fā)成本、路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式等進(jìn)行對比,選定最終方案。

      例如:

      編號

      方案

      發(fā)展方向 主題

      經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ) 城市結(jié)構(gòu) 交通布局 城市發(fā)展軸 工業(yè)格局

      城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域聯(lián)系 用地規(guī)模

      主要開發(fā)門檻 景觀格局

      2.3 規(guī)劃協(xié)調(diào)階段 2.3.1 與委托方協(xié)調(diào)

      在城市總體規(guī)劃中,一般由地方城建部門或規(guī)劃部門代表人民政府行使委托任務(wù),并負(fù)責(zé)提出規(guī)劃目標(biāo)和規(guī)劃要求,與設(shè)計(jì)單位商討規(guī)劃深度,同時(shí)監(jiān)督協(xié)助編制方編制規(guī)劃的全過程。

      對于中小城市,城市的發(fā)展前景因區(qū)位條件和市場條件而呈現(xiàn)地域差異大的特點(diǎn),規(guī)劃深度和內(nèi)容也有所不同,以下5個(gè)方面要與委托方協(xié)調(diào):

      1.規(guī)劃目標(biāo)的協(xié)調(diào)

      中小城市政府對自身城市發(fā)展的期望較高,往往提出過高的目標(biāo)要求,主要體現(xiàn)在人口、用地、城市化水平等指標(biāo)及形象工程用地標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上,而過高的指標(biāo)將造成城市不切實(shí)際的發(fā)展,使基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投入過度超前,浪費(fèi)了有限的資源。

      編制城市總體規(guī)劃的技術(shù)人員不僅要熟悉國家宏觀指導(dǎo)政策、城市發(fā)展的大背景,還要掌握城市本身所處的區(qū)域環(huán)境,資源條件,歷史傳統(tǒng),發(fā)展優(yōu)劣勢等基本情況,科學(xué)推導(dǎo)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。

      2.關(guān)于總體規(guī)劃人員的協(xié)調(diào)

      委托方對編制人員的挑剔,從兩方面入手解決:

      1)闡明規(guī)劃小組的歷史成績和經(jīng)驗(yàn) 2)提交給委托方詳實(shí)的項(xiàng)目準(zhǔn)備書

      3.關(guān)于總體規(guī)劃內(nèi)容和深度的協(xié)調(diào)

      不同城市具有不同的特色,規(guī)劃深度和側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同,可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況增加以下幾項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,以專題研究或?qū)m?xiàng)規(guī)劃形式表示:

      1)生態(tài)環(huán)境及環(huán)境容量研究

      2)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和產(chǎn)業(yè)布局研究

      3)區(qū)域定位和區(qū)域分析研究(城市發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究)4)城市特色研究

      5)城市化與城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)研究 6)其他專項(xiàng)研究

      《城市規(guī)劃編制規(guī)范》

      《江蘇省城市規(guī)劃編制要點(diǎn)》中明確提出專題研究方向,包括城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的區(qū)域定位,產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展及其空間選擇,城鄉(xiāng)人口遷移與分布的機(jī)制和趨勢,城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的管理模式和實(shí)施對策研究以及重要資源開發(fā)利用保護(hù)。

      4.關(guān)于總體規(guī)劃程序的協(xié)調(diào) 按照《規(guī)范》,城市總體規(guī)劃的法定程序一般分為綱要評審和成果評審兩個(gè)階段,這兩項(xiàng)成果評審在中小城市均由省建設(shè)廳組織,直接按照這個(gè)程序,會造成地方意見過多,因此中小城市總體規(guī)劃程序應(yīng)增加以下3個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:

      1)初步方案匯報(bào)會

      向地方政府匯報(bào)現(xiàn)狀調(diào)研情況和主要分析結(jié)論,闡明規(guī)劃程序和構(gòu)思,詳細(xì)說明比選方案的成本、發(fā)展方向、城市結(jié)構(gòu)、重大用地調(diào)整等內(nèi)容,以框架介紹為主,提交規(guī)劃目標(biāo)(經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)、人口、用地、城市化水平等),以粗線條表示,精度誤差可在10%-20%。

      2)準(zhǔn)綱要匯報(bào)會

      3)準(zhǔn)成果匯報(bào)會

      5.關(guān)于總體規(guī)劃進(jìn)度的協(xié)調(diào)

      城市總體規(guī)劃的周期一般為8-12個(gè)月,一般增加1-3個(gè)月的時(shí)間以滿足不可預(yù)測因素帶來的實(shí)踐延誤。

      2.3.2 與評審審批方協(xié)調(diào)

      中小城市總體規(guī)劃評審方由所在省建設(shè)廳承擔(dān),因此,總體規(guī)劃編制組進(jìn)駐現(xiàn)場前后應(yīng)在幾個(gè)階段與建設(shè)廳主管規(guī)劃評審的部門和人員接洽。

      1.進(jìn)駐現(xiàn)場前后的協(xié)調(diào)——了解地方建設(shè)部門的要求

      開始調(diào)研時(shí),應(yīng)要求委托方出示省建設(shè)廳同意該城市修編總體規(guī)劃的涵或通知,正式步入法律渠道。不同省份對各城市總體規(guī)劃的編制有成文或不成文的特殊要求。例如,江蘇省建設(shè)廳對長江沿江城市有沿江統(tǒng)一開發(fā)規(guī)劃的要求,對省域蘇北、蘇中和蘇南地區(qū)有不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)、城市化水平目標(biāo)及用地標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等。

      2.綱要匯報(bào)前的協(xié)調(diào)——對規(guī)劃要點(diǎn)的協(xié)調(diào)

      綱要匯報(bào)前有許多關(guān)于城市發(fā)展的重大問題,包括規(guī)劃期、規(guī)劃范圍、城市性質(zhì)、城市發(fā)展方向、城市規(guī)模、城市發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略等內(nèi)容,要與建設(shè)廳主管規(guī)劃人員接洽一次。

      3.成果匯報(bào)前的協(xié)調(diào)——對規(guī)劃成果修改內(nèi)容的協(xié)調(diào)

      2.3.3 與合作方協(xié)調(diào)

      編制總體規(guī)劃的合作方式主要包括兩種形式:一是委托方同時(shí)邀請多方合作總體規(guī)劃形式,簡稱分工合作式;二是編制方就單方面問題邀請專業(yè)部門或人員參加的形式,簡稱協(xié)助合作式。

      1.分工合作式

      為更加科學(xué)合理的編制總體規(guī)劃,編制方通常會聘請不同的設(shè)計(jì)部門分擔(dān)部分總體規(guī)劃的工作,按主要內(nèi)容分類,包含城鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃、用地布局規(guī)劃和工程設(shè)施規(guī)劃三類。按不同的專業(yè)背景分,經(jīng)濟(jì)地理專業(yè)人員擅長城鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃,城市規(guī)劃專業(yè)人員擅長用地布局規(guī)劃,市政工程專業(yè)人員擅長工程設(shè)施規(guī)劃。

      2.協(xié)助合作式

      2.3.4 與地方各專業(yè)部門協(xié)調(diào)

      1.召開座談會 2.部門訪談

      2.3.5 與公眾協(xié)調(diào)

      1.公示展覽 2.問卷調(diào)查

      2.4 修改完善階段

      經(jīng)歷了各個(gè)階段的規(guī)劃協(xié)調(diào)工作進(jìn)入修改完善階段,從外業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)業(yè),從座談轉(zhuǎn)向總結(jié),并最終確定深化方案。

      2.4.1 意見整和

      各方的意見都代表著單方向的利益,匯總、整理,分三類意見: 1.明確聽取意見修改的(規(guī)劃工作中的失誤)

      2.對部分意見改良后明確修改的,即一定幅度的修改 3.不予采納的意見(對規(guī)劃的誤解、偏差)

      2.4.2 深化方案

      城市規(guī)劃編制辦法中規(guī)定了城市總體規(guī)劃綱要階段的內(nèi)容和成果:

      1.論證城市國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展的條件,原則確定規(guī)劃期內(nèi)城市發(fā)展目標(biāo); 2.論證城市在區(qū)域發(fā)展中地位,原則確定市縣的城鎮(zhèn)體系的結(jié)構(gòu)與布局;

      3.原則確定城市的性質(zhì)、規(guī)模、總體布局、選擇城市發(fā)展用地、提出城市規(guī)劃 區(qū)范圍的初步意見。

      4.研究確定城市能源、交通、供水等城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施開發(fā)建設(shè)的重大原則問題,以及實(shí)施城市規(guī)劃的重要措施。

      2.5 評審報(bào)批階段 2.5.1 規(guī)劃成果與城市建設(shè)的協(xié)調(diào) 2.5.2 組織評審報(bào)批

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