第一篇：托福 tpo26 綜合寫作

In terms whether the zebra mussel will exert negative influence on North American, the passage and lecture are contradictory to each other.The author believes that zebra mussel might do harm the local species as they arrived while the lecturer holds a different opinion.First of all, the author makes a point that the history events suggest the zebra mussel's invasion is unstoppable.In the past, human transportation makes it possible for zebra mussel spread around the whole Europe and it is likely to happen again in North American.However, the lecturer demonstrates a different idea that a change made in the “ballast water” will prevent the invasion of zebra mussel from continuing.He says that if we refill the “ballast water” with ocean water, the mussel will no longer survive because the saline water might probably kill them all.Second, contrary to the belief in the passage that zebra mussel is able to conquer the new habitat due to their high reproduction rates and adaptation ability, as well as lacking predator, the lecturer says that the hypothesis made by author is not true.He mentions that there are many local bird will eat the zebra mussel as a major prey.As a result, the zebra mussel is unlikely to dominate the new habitat.Finally, regarding whether the zebra mussel will cause the decline in the fish population since they may compete for food such as plankton with fish species.The author thinks it is a possible consequence brought by zebra mussel.However, the lecturer refutes it that the mussel can't reduce the fish population because they provide enough nutrient for bottom living fish.

第二篇：tpo綜合寫作26

綜合寫作26

Reading

The zebra mussel, a freshwater shellfish native to Eastern Europe, has long been spreading out from its original habitats and has now reached parts of North America.There are reasons to believe that this invasion cannot be stopped and that it poses a serious threat to freshwater fish populations in all of North America.First, the history of the zebra mussels’ spread suggests that the invasion might be unstoppable.It is a prime example of an invasion made possible by human transportation.From the zebra mussel’s original habitats in Eastern Europe, ships helped spread it out along new canals built to connect Europe’s waterways.The mussel can attach itself to a ship’s bottom or can survive in the water—called “ballast water“—that the ship needs to take on to properly balance its cargo.By the early nineteenth century, the mussel had spread to the whole of Europe.It was later carried to the east coast of North America in the ballast water of ships traveling from Europe.The way ships have spread the zebra mussel in the past strongly suggests that the species will soon colonize all of North America.Moreover, once zebra mussels are carried to a new habitat, they can dominate it.They are a hardy species that does well under a variety of conditions, and they have a high rate of reproduction.Most important, however, zebra mussels often have no predators in their new habitats, and species without natural predators are likely to dominate their habitats.Finally, zebra mussels are likely to cause a decline in the overall fish population in habitats where they become dominant.The mussels are plankton eaters, which mean that they compete for food with many freshwater fish species.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they support/contradict specific points made in the reading passage.Listening

Narrator

Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.Professor

Contrary to what you just read, there are ways to control the zebra mussels’ spread.What's more, it is not so clear that the mussel is a serious threat to fish populations.True, the spread of zebra mussels couldn't be controlled in the past, but that's because people didn't have enough knowledge.In fact, there are effective ways to stop ships from carrying the mussels to new locations.Here's an

example.The way zebra mussels usually travel across the ocean is that a ship takes on some fresh ”ballast water" in Europe and then empties that water into American waterways when it arrives.Full of zebra mussels, but the ship can be required to empty out the freshwater and refill with ocean water while still out in the ocean.Saltwater will kill the mussels.Second, it's true that zebra mussels often don't have predators in their new habitats, but that's only in the beginning.What's been happening in Europe is that local aquatic birds sooner or later notice there's a new food source around and change their habits to exploit it.They switch from whatever they were eating before to eating zebra mussels.And birds can eat a lot of mussels.So zebra mussels aren't so likely to dominate their new habitats after all.Finally, even in habitats where zebra mussels become dominant, is the overall fish population likely to decrease.It's true that zebra mussels may have a negative impact on fish that eat plankton.But on other fish, they can have a positive impact.For example, the mussels generate nutrients that are eaten by fish that feed near the bottom of the lake or river.So bottom-feeding fish populations may increase, even if plankton-eating fish population decrease.一、閱讀聽力要點(diǎn)概括

Reading Passage

Main points: The invasion of zebra mussel to North America is unstoppable and puts a threat to freshwater fish.Sub point 1: History suggests invasion might be unstoppable.Sub point 2: Mussels can dominate their new habitat.Sub point 3: Mussel threats fish population after they dominate the area.Lecture

Attitude: Contrary.Unsure mussels’ threat to fish population.Sub Point 1: There are effective ways to stop mussels in today’s knowledge.(Salt water)

Sub Point 2: Birds can be predators and eat mussels.Sub Point 3: Bottom-feeding fish may increase while plankton-eating fish decrease but overall fish population only likely to decrease.Answers

二、范文逐段賞析

Paragraph 1

Contrary to what is argued in the passage, the lecture demonstrates how zebra mussels are not likely to become an imperative threat to freshwater fish populations in North America.此段功能：

(Listening passage后文提到用L代替)

(Reading passage后文用R代替)

以L的觀點(diǎn)為主要觀點(diǎn)，mussels不會(huì)對(duì)淡水魚群造成危害。首段一句話即確定全文邏輯為相反，contrary。

此段結(jié)構(gòu)：

作者用一句話總結(jié)了全文討論的問題，并告訴大家全文邏輯為相反。極其單刀直入。大家發(fā)現(xiàn)論點(diǎn)很簡(jiǎn)明時(shí)大可不必費(fèi)心湊兩句話再起下一段。

Paragraph 2

First of all, recently uncovered knowledge of zebra mussel has shed light on new ways to prevent their invasion.Even though people in the past have not been able to stop the spread of zebra mussels, knowledge and technology may help abate their spread in the future.For example, although a large amount of zebra mussels spread to America by staying in the ballast water that is emptied halfway on the journey across the Atlantic and replenished with sea water, the zebra mussels can be exterminated as soon as they are directly exposed to salt water.此段功能：

以L的觀點(diǎn)起頭，談sub topic 1，說明現(xiàn)代科技相比舊時(shí)代科技有機(jī)會(huì)阻止mussels spreading.隨后舉聽力中的具體例子為證明。

此段結(jié)構(gòu)：

此段為總分結(jié)構(gòu)。第一句陳述L的觀點(diǎn)(可以阻止spreading)，第二句陳述R中的事實(shí)(過去的人確實(shí)未能阻止mussel spreading)，第三句呈現(xiàn)L中的事實(shí)(咸水可以消滅mussels)反駁R中的事實(shí)。

Paragraph 3

Furthermore, zebra mussels do not often dominate a new habitat for a long period of time.The lecture agrees that although zebra mussels may have no predators and reproduce rapidly in the beginning, it would not be long before predators take notice of this new source of food, and develop a taste for it, thus preventing its domination.此段功能：

還是以L觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，談sub topic 2, 說明mussels不會(huì)經(jīng)常統(tǒng)治它的棲息地。L中同意短時(shí)期內(nèi)mussels沒有天敵，但沒過多久掠食者就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些新的美味從而結(jié)束mussels的統(tǒng)治。

此段結(jié)構(gòu)：

總分結(jié)構(gòu)。第一句總結(jié)L觀點(diǎn)說明mussels完全統(tǒng)治是不成立的。第二句陳列L中同意R的證據(jù)。第三句陳列L反駁R的補(bǔ)充理由證據(jù)。

Paragraph 4

Finally, zebra mussels alone would not cause the decline of overall fish populations.Although zebra mussels may perhaps cause the decline of plankton eaters, as the passage suggests, they would also provide nutrients for bottom-feeding fish and ultimately cause the population of those fish to increase.此段功能：

討論sub topic 3, 說明mussels不會(huì)造成總體魚群數(shù)量的下降。L說雖然他同意R的觀點(diǎn)(mussels造成plankton eaters下降)，但是伴隨而來的bottom-feeding fish的數(shù)量上升從而導(dǎo)致總體魚群數(shù)量上身。

此段結(jié)構(gòu)：

總分結(jié)構(gòu)。第一句總結(jié)L觀點(diǎn)。第二句依然是陳列L同意R部分的證據(jù)。隨后第三句陳列L中補(bǔ)充的證據(jù)來反駁R的觀點(diǎn)。

三、范文全篇總評(píng)

1、邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)

全文遵從總分結(jié)構(gòu)，開頭段直接一句話總結(jié)+邏輯，展開全文反駁基調(diào)。隨后三段依照3個(gè)分論點(diǎn)依次展開。在分論點(diǎn)的論證中，作者闡明了L的態(tài)度，先小幅度同意R的觀點(diǎn)，隨即立刻補(bǔ)充新證據(jù)，反駁R的觀點(diǎn)。作者利用R的證據(jù)，補(bǔ)充新證據(jù)后證明了R原來觀點(diǎn)的片面性，從而達(dá)到一一駁倒的效果。

2、語言表達(dá)

全文十分緊湊，并啟用了一些新詞語賦予色彩。

其中值得借鑒的詞語和句式有：

1.Recently uncovered knowledge of zebra mussel has shed light on new ways to prevent their invasion

Recently uncovered:最近新發(fā)現(xiàn)的

/Newly discovered/ It is recently found out/

Shed light on: 給與了希望

/Shown/ Given/ Illuminated

2.The lecture agrees although………….(R的觀點(diǎn))………..，….…(L的觀點(diǎn)會(huì)抵消R的觀點(diǎn))….。

3.Ultimately：最終的，終極的

/Finally/ At last/ In the end/ After all/

Ultimately, the success of his company depends on good marketing.

第三篇：托福TPO17綜合寫作

托福TPO17綜合寫作范文：鳥類數(shù)量減少的原因

在新托福綜合寫作中，有的同學(xué)語言使用的能力還有一定局限，還要刻意追求句式的復(fù)雜化，但這樣的后果就是寫出來的句子個(gè)個(gè)都有錯(cuò)，個(gè)個(gè)都有表達(dá)不清。其實(shí)用最好的詞表達(dá)最多的內(nèi)容才是最厲害的寫作方式，本文為大家整理了一篇新托福綜合寫作范文，來源于TPO 17。閱讀材料：

In the past century, the steady growth of the human population and the corresponding increasing in agriculture and pesticide use have caused much harm to wildlife in the United States – birds in particular.Unfortunately for birds, these trends are likely to continue, with the result that the number of birds in the United States will necessarily decline.在過去的一個(gè)世界，人類數(shù)量的增加以及隨之而來的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展和殺蟲劑的增加使得很多美國(guó)的野生動(dòng)物受到了影響，而這種問題在鳥類上表現(xiàn)得更為明顯。更加不幸的是，由于人口數(shù)量、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和殺蟲劑使用的趨勢(shì)不會(huì)改變，美國(guó)的鳥類數(shù)量將會(huì)必然地隨之下降。First, as human populations and settlements continue to expand, birds’ natural habitats will continue to disappear.Forests, wetlands, and grasslands will give way to ever more homes, malls, and offices.As the traditional areas suitable for birds keep decreasing, so will the size of the birds’ populations that depend on those vanishing habitats.首先，隨著人口數(shù)量和居住面積的不斷擴(kuò)張，鳥類天然的棲息地持續(xù)地減少。森林、濕地和草原都變成的住宅、商場(chǎng)和寫字樓。隨著那些傳統(tǒng)的適宜鳥類棲息的地方持續(xù)減少，失去賴以生存棲息地的鳥類，數(shù)量自然是減少的。

Second, agricultural activities must increase to keep pace with the growing human population.The growth of agriculture will also result in the further destruction of bird habitats as more and more wilderness areas are converted to agricultural use.As a result, bird populations in rural areas will continue to decline.第二，為了能夠滿足增長(zhǎng)的人口數(shù)量，農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)也必須隨之增加。農(nóng)業(yè)的增加的代價(jià)是進(jìn)一步破壞鳥類的棲息地，越來越多的荒地變成了農(nóng)業(yè)用地。因而，鳥類在鄉(xiāng)村的數(shù)量也隨之持續(xù)減少。Third, as human settlements expand and agriculture increases, the use of chemical pesticides will also increase.Pesticides are poisons designed to kill agricultural and home garden pests, such as insects, but inevitable, pesticides get into the water and into the food chain for birds where they can harm birds.Birds that eat the poisoned insects or drink contaminated water can die as a result, and even if pesticides do not kill birds outright, they can prevent them from reproducing successfully.So, pesticides have significantly contributed to declines in bird population, and because there will continue to be a need to control agricultural pests in the future, this decline will continue.第三，隨著人類居住地的擴(kuò)展和農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的使用也增加了。農(nóng)藥是用來殺死諸如昆蟲之類的生長(zhǎng)在農(nóng)田或者菜園的害蟲的有毒物質(zhì)。不可避免的是，這些農(nóng)藥會(huì)進(jìn)入水系和食物鏈，進(jìn)而傷害鳥類。鳥類會(huì)吃被毒死的昆蟲或者喝污染了的水。這樣會(huì)導(dǎo)致鳥類的死亡，即便不會(huì)不會(huì)導(dǎo)致鳥類的立刻死亡，也會(huì)影響鳥類的繁殖。所以，殺蟲劑會(huì)對(duì)鳥類的數(shù)量有非常嚴(yán)重的影響。同時(shí)，因?yàn)榧幢闶窃趯?，還是需要?dú)⑾x劑來控制農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲，所以，鳥類數(shù)量減少的趨勢(shì)難以改變。閱讀部分需要提取的觀點(diǎn)是：

-Main point: 三個(gè)原因?qū)е馒B類數(shù)量減少Sub point 2: 農(nóng)業(yè)用地的增加Sub point 2: 因?yàn)樾缕贩N作物的種植，農(nóng)業(yè)用地會(huì)越來越少

-Sub point 3: 新型殺蟲劑的毒性變小，并且正在研制新型抗蟲害作物，將來殺蟲劑不會(huì)繼續(xù)傷害鳥類

新托福綜合寫作對(duì)語言的要求是清晰表達(dá)，準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述即可(其實(shí)獨(dú)立寫作的要求也類似)。沒有必要一味地追求語言的華麗，把話說清楚最重要。

第四篇：【TPO小站精選】托福作文結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化

【TPO小站內(nèi)部資料】托福作文結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化

托福作文結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)總分總。全文的總分總結(jié)構(gòu)一般沒有異議都可以做到。但

要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是中間說理段落里面也應(yīng)該是明確的總分總結(jié)構(gòu)：首先把這段的分論點(diǎn)（本段中心句）放在段首，然后2~4句說理解釋，闡述為什么會(huì)有這一觀點(diǎn)，我們身邊的現(xiàn)狀是如何需要這一點(diǎn)，接著例子和細(xì)節(jié)支持（4~6句話），最后總結(jié)句，即這段開頭的分論點(diǎn)句的變換句式表達(dá)，把這段的觀點(diǎn)再重申一遍。全文的結(jié)尾段也是一樣，前幾段的中心句整合重提，而且可以加幾句話的升華，針對(duì)這個(gè)問題提出一個(gè)全局性的建議。

然后要強(qiáng)調(diào)為什么要把分論點(diǎn)句放在段首。容都要十分清晰，觀點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在顯眼的地方，易懂，點(diǎn)。這里也涉及到西方人慣常的思維方法和語言模式，孩會(huì)繞來繞去，么也沒干，書也看不進(jìn)去，飯也吃不下?！?，然后繞了一圈之后才說到“分手”這個(gè)詞上。“I hate you”, OK, topic sentence, 然后說為什么hate youTopic sentence + supporting reasons and examples + conclusion所以即是強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單化，好理解Conclusion也同樣重要，不是只有first，secondin the first place，to begin with，again，also，等的替換表達(dá)。有些學(xué)生覺得文章結(jié)構(gòu)化很死板，散文式的結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)對(duì)語言和邏輯的要求更強(qiáng)，對(duì)于非英語母語學(xué)習(xí)者，尤其是短期

第五篇：托福寫作

Agree or disagree A university should focus more on its facilities, computers or laboratory, rather than on hiring famous teachers

Nowadays, highly education has been attached more important than before.A argue that school facilities should pay more attention than professor lecture.From my perspective, although such hardware like computer centers and science lab provide some benefits to university students, university depends on quality of stuff.Admittedly, a school equipped with great facilities is more appealing the applicants.The reason is that it can make study easier.A bright library offers such a quiet condition for knowledge absorption;a computer center provides a self-govern ways to study;a science lab make student get more practice about miracles.However, this factors become less considerate when it comes to the quality of the professors.For one thing, not only do famous teachers can impart the knowledge, but instill the angle that to solve the problem.To pass on knowledge, a human is no better than a machine or a high-tech tool.The difference lies in the

special ways to get the solutions and the potential inspiration by the former.Take my favorite teacher for example, she often shows us some different way to solve the difficulties.And then she tells us the angle to work out the problem.As for me, it was not until her explanation, that I know about the easier way to work the problem.That is something that high-tech can barely achieve.For another, universities with qualified teachers tend to have higher graduate employment.It is not hard to imagine that a teacher with connections can bring more opportunity to get internship.As an old saying goes, knowledge starts with practice.It is still true now.Students who swamped in labs, would never face the brutal fact that you need a window for people to see what you’ve got.In this way, a well-connect professor can open that for you, instead of lifeless labs.In conclusion, though facilities could promote learning, but it fail to generate more practical merits to students.Recruit more qualified teacher should be paid more attention and stress.