第一篇:高考英語(yǔ)作文指導(dǎo)——_議論文
高考英語(yǔ)作文指導(dǎo)—— 議論文
1.引言段 高考英語(yǔ)議論文的引言可以有兩部分組成:現(xiàn)象+觀點(diǎn)。
現(xiàn)象就來(lái)自作文題目。所以學(xué)生必須要理解題目中的每句話,把題目中的中文用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)就能成為不錯(cuò)的開篇。然后再開門見山地亮出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
2.主體段
① 引證法(即引用一些名人名言、成語(yǔ)、格言、諺語(yǔ)燈作為論據(jù));
② 例證法(即舉例來(lái)進(jìn)行論證)
③ 喻證法(用比喻的方法來(lái)論證事理,把深?yuàn)W、抽象的事理表述得淺顯易懂,使文章既生動(dòng)又形象)④ 對(duì)比論證法(通過(guò)對(duì)事物的正反兩個(gè)方面的對(duì)比來(lái)分析論證,使文章的表達(dá)效果更強(qiáng)烈,給人留下深刻印象)
⑤歸納法(從分析典型,即分析個(gè)別事物入手,找出事物的共同特點(diǎn),然后得出結(jié)論。)⑥推理法(從一般原理出發(fā),對(duì)個(gè)別事物進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、分析,而后得出結(jié)論)
⑦ 駁論法(先列出錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn),然后加以逐條批駁,最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn))。
在主體段中,務(wù)必要牢記應(yīng)采用先總后分的手法——先亮出主題句,然后再用發(fā)展句充實(shí)段落。你必須圍繞著引言段的觀點(diǎn)展開,千萬(wàn)不能讓人覺得的的文章段落之間沒有銜接。
此外,在主體段中要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠^(guò)渡詞,有明顯的層次感,引領(lǐng)閱讀者一層一層地根據(jù)你的分論點(diǎn)走向最終你要闡述的觀點(diǎn)。
3.結(jié)尾段
結(jié)論,用一、二句話來(lái)結(jié)束文章,做到首尾呼應(yīng)。一定要再次澄清你的觀點(diǎn),切記與引言段的觀點(diǎn)一致,建議用不同的詞句法表達(dá)一個(gè)意思。
(四)、英語(yǔ)議論文范文
Private Tutors
With the development od science and society, more and more students are keen to take on private tutors.Some people think taking on a private tutor is good for students in some ways.The tutor can answer the students’questions individually and carefully and give them detailed advice;some private tutors assign their students more exercises to do and the students will learn extra knowledge from their tutors;it is known to us all that a good and experienced teacher can help his students to review their lessons in a very good way so that they can have a better understanding of the knowledge learned in class, which is help to them in their examinations.But every coin has two sides.Some people look upon it with disapproval.They hold the opinion that the students rely too much on their tutor and they even take little notice of what their own teacher says in class;the private tutor assigns them to do a lot of extra exercises, thus occupying plenty of rheir spare time and they will be too worn out;contrary to what their parents hope, their studies become worse than before.So it is hard to say whether taking on a private tutor is good or not.It all depends on the individual.But in my opinion, if you want to take on a private tutor, you should choose one carefully since he or she will have a great impact on your studies.Money for Education
In my opinion, it is worthwhile to spend more of the money in order to have the children better educated.First, as there are more than 40 or even 50 students in a class, in most cases,teachers can not take care of all the students in class.Therefore many students have to attend spare time classes or even go to the tutors to make up for this.stSecond, we are now in the 21 century.With the development of society, only those who have a good education
are more likely to get good jobs.So the more we learn now, the more chances we will have in the future.Of course we will get a high pay.In a word, spending money on education is certainly rewarding.III.Post-task(Each composition 120-150words)
請(qǐng)你談?wù)勗趯W(xué)習(xí)上遇到困難時(shí),如何想辦法去解決,如何克服這些困難?
IV.Sentence patterns: The point is that….From my point of view…
As for me…
As far as I am concerned…
We must recognize that…
There is no doubt that…
The main reason is that…
As we all know…
V.Summary:
VI.Assignment:(Each composition 120-150words)
1.每一位高三的學(xué)生都面臨著巨大的壓力。對(duì)壓力,高三的學(xué)生看法不一,有的害怕壓力;但有的卻認(rèn)為壓力不是件壞事。請(qǐng)你談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?2010年世博會(huì)將在上海舉行。為了辦好這次國(guó)際盛會(huì),上海市將進(jìn)一步改善環(huán)境。與此同時(shí),提高市民的素質(zhì)和修養(yǎng)也勢(shì)在必行,因?yàn)槲拿鞯呐e止在國(guó)際交往中非常重要。作為年輕人,我們自身也存在著一些不文明行為。請(qǐng)例舉你所觀察到的2-3種不文明行為(如:大小便后不及時(shí)沖刷;隨地亂扔紙屑、廢物;隨地吐痰;插隊(duì)…)并就此做出評(píng)論或提出建議。
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高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)常用詞匯句型集錦
▲舉例:for example,for instance,take…for example,such as,like,and so on,so on and so forth,and so on and on and on,etc.等。
▲說(shuō)明:that's to say,in other words,namely,等。
▲因果: therefore,as a result,thus,because,because of,thanks to…,owing to…,due to …等 ▲遞進(jìn):then,besides,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what's more等。
▲順序:
firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally;
in the first place,in the second place,in the third place,To begin with,then,furthermore,finally;
to start with,next,in addition,finally;
first and foremost,besides,last but not least;
most important of all,moreover,finally(以上為時(shí)間順序)
in the front of,in front of …,before,behind,at the back of,on the right/left(of),to the right /left of…,on the other side of …,in the center of …,in the middle of …,at the beginning of,at the end of …,by the side of …,on the top of …,at the foot of …,on the bottom of,inside,outside,upstairs,downstairs(以上為空間順序)
▲轉(zhuǎn)折:nevertheless,however,although,though,but,on the country,after all,oppositely等?!偨Y(jié): in short,in a word,in general,generally speaking,finally,at last,as far as I know,in brief,briefly speaking,in the end,as a matter of fact,in reality,in fact,on the whole,in conclusion,on account of this,therefore等。
▲強(qiáng)調(diào): really,indeed,certainly,surely,for sure,above all等。
▲對(duì)比: in the same way,just as,in common with,compared with,on the one hand…,on the other hand,for one thing…,for another,similarly等。
▲平行:and,both…and,as well as,as well,neither…nor…or,either…or,not only…but also
正確使用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句、帶賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、帶定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句、帶主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句、條件句、讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折的句式等
1.帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句
①It's also possible a pickpocket stole your money while you were shopping.(2004北京卷)這類時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句不僅考得頻繁,而且連詞when,while,as,before,after甚至by the time都考到了,時(shí)態(tài)上現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)等都出現(xiàn)了。而且有些年份帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句還同時(shí)出現(xiàn)多次。因此我們建議廣大考生應(yīng)加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練這類復(fù)合句,在高考中盡量少犯錯(cuò)誤,注意時(shí)態(tài)。
2.帶賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句
①I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent,and how well you've learned Chinese.(NMET2004,I)
②I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon.(NMET2004,III)
③I would also think that the growth population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better hometown in future.(2004江蘇卷)
3.帶定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句
①If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help.(NMET2004,I)
②As is shown on Chart 2,only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.(2004北京卷)
4.其他
▲強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister.(NMET1993)
▲帶主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句
①Here is how you can find us
②On the other side,where the playground used to be now stands another new building-our library.(NMET1999)
▲so that句型:
①I became so impatient that I had to go to explain my difficulty.(2004廣東卷)
②I am so sorry that I won't be able to …tomorrow afternoon.(NMET2004,III)
③The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying.(2004廣東卷)
▲讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折:
①I don't know about others,but I used to have to work even at weekends doing homework and attending classes as well.(NMET2001)
②Although the city is modern and convenient,there are still some problems,such as air pollution,crowdedness and noise.▲條件句:
①If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help.(NMET2004,I)
三、書面表達(dá)開頭和結(jié)尾的寫作
1.書面表達(dá)的開頭俗話說(shuō)萬(wàn)事開頭難。其實(shí),一點(diǎn)也不難。高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)的開頭句一般已為你寫好。你要做的是分段縮進(jìn)重起第二段。注意千萬(wàn)不要接著已寫好的首句。一是不美觀,二是不便于閱卷老師細(xì)覽。那么你的起頭句實(shí)際上是第二段了。開始句根據(jù)要求一般可以寫的漂亮一點(diǎn),即要用一些好的套語(yǔ)開始。比如:
①As is shown on Chart 2,only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.(2004北京卷)可是很多考生總在開頭處寫的不盡如人意,總喜歡搞一些生造的句子或詞語(yǔ)來(lái)開頭,這是一大忌。有些開頭可以以套語(yǔ)開始,或以俗語(yǔ)開始比較有力,這樣就容易被老師看好。檔位在開始時(shí)就已定得很高了。
2.書面表達(dá)的結(jié)尾:⑦⑧結(jié)尾在書面表達(dá)的寫作中占有很重要的地位,通常結(jié)尾都要算一個(gè)內(nèi)容要求,所以,寫好結(jié)尾且讓閱卷老師有一個(gè)完整的印象是十分必要的。好的結(jié)尾可以是一段,由一句或幾句話組成,能使全文增色。例如:
①If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help.(2004全國(guó)卷I)
②It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.③What's more,some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder.Don't you think it a wonderful program?(2004福建卷)
④In short,the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.(2004湖北卷)
(一)高考英語(yǔ)作文議論文常用句型:
段首句
1.關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。一些人認(rèn)為……
There are different opinions among people as to………Some people suggest that____.2.俗話說(shuō)(常言道)……,它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場(chǎng)合仍然適用。
There is an old saying ……It’s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many case seven today.3.現(xiàn)在,……,它們給我們的日常生活帶來(lái)了許多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更為糟糕的是……Today,……,which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First,……Second,…….What makes things worse is that…….4.現(xiàn)在,……很普遍,許多人喜歡……,因?yàn)椤硗?而且)……。
Nowadays,it is common to ……,Many people like ……because…….Besides,…….5.任何事物都是有兩面性,……也不例外。
Every coins has two sides and ……is not an exception.6.關(guān)于……人們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同,一些人認(rèn)為(說(shuō))……,在他們看來(lái),……
People’s opinions about…… vary from person to person.Some people say that……,To them,…….7.人類正面臨著一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題……,這個(gè)問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。
Man is now facing a big problem……which is becoming more and more serious.8.…… 已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題,特別是在年青人當(dāng)中,將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。
……h(huán)as become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我們的日常生活中起著越來(lái)越重要的作用,它給我們帶來(lái)了許多好處,但同時(shí)也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。
……h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10.根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……,但是為什么呢?According to the figure/number/statistics/percentagesinthe/chart/bargraph/line/graph,It can be seen that ……while.Obviously,……,but why?
中間段落句
1.相反,有一些人贊成……,他們相信……,而且,他們認(rèn)為……。
On the contrary,there are some people in favor of …….At the same time,they say…….2.但是,我認(rèn)為這不是解決……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve …….For example,…….Worst of all,…….3.首先,……。而且……,最重要的是……
First,…….What’s more,…….Most important of all,…….4.面臨……,我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的方法來(lái)……。一方面……,另一方面,Confronted with……,we should take a series of effective measures to …….For one thing,……For another,……
5.早就應(yīng)該拿出行動(dòng)了。比如說(shuō)……,另外……。所有這些方法肯定會(huì)……。
It is high time that something was done about it.For example.…….In addition.…….All
the measures will certainly……….6.然而,正如任何事物都有好壞兩個(gè)方面一樣,……也有它的不利的一面,象……。
However,just like everything has both its good and bad sides,………also has its own disadvantages,such as……….7.盡管如此,我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless,I believe that……is more advantageous.8.完全同意……這種觀點(diǎn)(陳述),主要理由如下:
I fully agree with the statement that……because…….(三)高考英語(yǔ)作文議論文常用句型:結(jié)尾句
1.至于我,在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點(diǎn),我認(rèn)為……
As far as I am concerned,I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that……
2.總而言之,整個(gè)社會(huì)應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注……這個(gè)問(wèn)題。只有這樣,我們才能在將來(lái)……。
In a word,the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of……Only in this way can……in the future.3.但是,……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)(好處)。例如,……,而……。然而,把這兩者相比較,我更傾向于……But……and……h(huán)ave her own advantages.For example,……while……Comparing this with that,however,I prefer to……
4.就我個(gè)人而言,我相信……,因此,我堅(jiān)信美好的未來(lái)正等著我們。因?yàn)椤?/p>
Personally,I believe that……Consequently,I‘m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because……
5.隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,……。因此,迫切需要……。如果每個(gè)人都愿為社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)自己的一份力量,這個(gè)社會(huì)將要變得越來(lái)越好。
With the development of society,…… necessary to……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society,it will be better and better.6.至于我(對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),就我而言),我認(rèn)為……更合理。只有這樣,我們才能……
For my part,I think it reasonable to……Only in this way can you……
7.在總體上很難說(shuō)……是好還是壞,因?yàn)樗诤艽蟪潭壬先Q于……的形勢(shì)。然而,就我個(gè)人而言,我發(fā)現(xiàn)……。
It is difficult to say whether……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…….however,from a personal point of view find……
8.綜上所述,我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論……
From what has been discussed above,we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that……
9.如果我們不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了這種趨勢(shì),就會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我們應(yīng)該做的是……
If we can not take useful means,we may not control this trend,and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly,so what we should do is……
第二篇:無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)高考英語(yǔ)作文指導(dǎo)—— 議論文
詞·清平樂(lè)
禁庭春晝,鶯羽披新繡。
百草巧求花下斗,只賭珠璣滿斗。
日晚卻理殘妝,御前閑舞霓裳。誰(shuí)道腰肢窈窕,折旋笑得君王。
高考英語(yǔ)作文指導(dǎo)—— 議論文
Knowledge Objectives
To help the students to learn the basic writing skills on Argumentative CompositionCompentence Objectives
To help the students to grasp their basic writing skills
To practice writing skills.(detailed information& general idea)
Emotion ObjectivesTo cultivate the love of writing
Teaching approach:Communicative approach
Teaching Aids:Multi-Media
Difficult points :
Teaching procedures:
I.Pre-task:Revision
Lead-in
II.While task:Learn some basic writing skills onArgumentative Composition
(一)英文議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)寫作對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的要求不是很高,如開頭段應(yīng)該包括什么、論題句應(yīng)該在什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn)、文章的結(jié)尾是否必須總結(jié)全文等等。而英語(yǔ)寫作要求文章結(jié)構(gòu)必須十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),文章各個(gè)部分的功能都要十分清晰,開頭、中間和結(jié)尾都有嚴(yán)格的要求。
簡(jiǎn)而言之,英語(yǔ)議論文共有三大特點(diǎn):
1、觀點(diǎn)鮮明的開頭;
2、緊扣主題的結(jié)尾;
3、有主題句并且銜接自然的中間段落。所以,既然高考英語(yǔ)考的是英語(yǔ)文章,大家就應(yīng)該遵循英文議論文的寫作思路和習(xí)慣:表示支持則旗幟鮮明地支持;表示反對(duì)就徹徹底底地反對(duì),而不能采取“墻頭草兩邊倒”的做法。
(二)英語(yǔ)議論文寫作要點(diǎn):
straight:開門見山,直來(lái)直去。
brief:文章“簡(jiǎn)為貴”,要抓住要點(diǎn),簡(jiǎn)明扼要。
coherence: 文理通順,前后連貫。
division:詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當(dāng),劃分要清楚,避免使用重復(fù)字句和片段。ambiguity:盡量不用可能會(huì)引起歧義的詞語(yǔ)或句子。
Key:用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)鍵詞突出主題,每段都應(yīng)有主題句。
omit:合理刪除多余的不必要部分。
sentence pattern:句型要盡量多樣化。
tense:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要正確、一致、變化合理。
(三)英語(yǔ)議論文寫作手法
1.引言段
高考英語(yǔ)議論文的引言可以有兩部分組成:現(xiàn)象+觀點(diǎn)。
現(xiàn)象就來(lái)自作文題目。所以學(xué)生必須要理解題目中的每句話,把題目中的中文用英語(yǔ)
表達(dá)出來(lái)就能成為不錯(cuò)的開篇。然后再開門見山地亮出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
2.主體段
要想寫好英語(yǔ)議論文,就要講究好的論證方法。
一般說(shuō)來(lái),有兩種方法可采用,一是邏輯說(shuō)理,即“曉之以理”;一是從感情上打動(dòng)
他人,即“動(dòng)之以情”。這兩種方法并不是孤立地出現(xiàn),往往是你中有我,我中有你。
除此以外,我們還可以運(yùn)用:
① 引證法(即引用一些名人名言、成語(yǔ)、格言、諺語(yǔ)燈作為論據(jù));
② 例證法(即舉例來(lái)進(jìn)行論證)
③ 喻證法(用比喻的方法來(lái)論證事理,把深?yuàn)W、抽象的事理表述得淺顯易懂,使文章
既生動(dòng)又形象)
④ 對(duì)比論證法(通過(guò)對(duì)事物的正反兩個(gè)方面的對(duì)比來(lái)分析論證,使文章的表達(dá)效果更
強(qiáng)烈,給人留下深刻印象)
⑤歸納法(從分析典型,即分析個(gè)別事物入手,找出事物的共同特點(diǎn),然后得出結(jié)
論。)
⑥推理法(從一般原理出發(fā),對(duì)個(gè)別事物進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、分析,而后得出結(jié)論)
⑦ 駁論法(先列出錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn),然后加以逐條批駁,最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn))。
在主體段中,務(wù)必要牢記應(yīng)采用先分后總的手法——先亮出主題句,然后再用發(fā)展句
充實(shí)段落。你必須圍繞著引言段的觀點(diǎn)展開,千萬(wàn)不能讓人覺得的的文章段落之間沒
有銜接。
此外,在主體段中要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠^(guò)渡詞,有明顯的層次感,引領(lǐng)閱讀者一層一層地根
據(jù)你的分論點(diǎn)走向最終你要闡述的觀點(diǎn)。
3.結(jié)尾段
結(jié)論,用一、二句話來(lái)結(jié)束文章,做到首尾呼應(yīng)。一定要再次澄清你的觀點(diǎn),切記與
引言段的觀點(diǎn)一致,建議用不同的詞句法表達(dá)一個(gè)意思。
(四)、英語(yǔ)議論文范文
Private Tutors
With the development od science and society, more and more students are keen to take
on private tutors.Some people think taking on a private tutor is good for students in some ways.The
tutor can answer the students’questions individually and carefully and give them detailed
advice;some private tutors assign their students more exercises to do and the students
will learn extra knowledge from their tutors;it is known to us all that a good and
experienced teacher can help his students to review their lessons in a very good way so
that they can have a better understanding of the knowledge learned in class, which is help
to them in their examinations.But every coin has two sides.Some people look upon it with disapproval.They hold
the opinion that the students rely too much on their tutor and they even take little notice
of what their own teacher says in class;the private tutor assigns them to do a lot of
extra exercises, thus occupying plenty of rheir spare time and they will be too worn out;
contrary to what their parents hope, their studies become worse than before.So it is hard to say whether taking on a private tutor is good or not.It all depends
on the individual.But in my opinion, if you want to take on a private tutor, you should
choose one carefully since he or she will have a great impact on your studies.Money for Education
In my opinion, it is worthwhile to spend more of the money in order to have the
children better educated.First, as there are more than 40 or even 50 students in a class, in most cases,teachers can not take care of all the students in class.Therefore many students have
to attend spare time classes or even go to the tutors to make up for this.Second, we are now in the 21st century.With the development of society, only those
who have a good education are more likely to get good jobs.So the more we learn now,the more chances we will have in the future.Of course we will get a high pay.In a word, spending money on education is certainly rewarding.III.Post-task(Each composition 120-150words)
請(qǐng)你談?wù)勗趯W(xué)習(xí)上遇到困難時(shí),如何想辦法去解決,如何克服這些困難?
IV.Sentence patterns:
I think/believe that?
The point is that?.In my opinion?
From my point of view?
As for me?
As far as I am concerned?
We must recognize that?
There is no doubt that?
The main reason is that?
As we all know?
V.Summary: VI.Assignment:(Each composition 120-150words)
1.每一位高三的學(xué)生都面臨著巨大的壓力。對(duì)壓力,高三的學(xué)生看法不一,有的害怕
壓力;但有的卻認(rèn)為壓力不是件壞事。請(qǐng)你談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?2010年世博會(huì)將在上海舉行。為了辦好這次國(guó)際盛會(huì),上海市將進(jìn)一步改善環(huán)境。
與此同時(shí),提高市民的素質(zhì)和修養(yǎng)也勢(shì)在必行,因?yàn)槲拿鞯呐e止在國(guó)際交往中非
常重要。作為年輕人,我們自身也存在著一些不文明行為。請(qǐng)例舉你所觀察到的2-3
種不文明行為(如:大小便后不及時(shí)沖刷;隨地亂扔紙屑、廢物;隨地吐痰;插隊(duì)?)
并就此做出評(píng)論或提出建議。
Feed-back
高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)常用詞匯句型集錦
▲舉例:for example,for instance,take?for example,such as,like,and so on,so on and so forth,and so on and on and on,etc.等。
▲說(shuō)明:that's to say,in other words,namely,等。
▲因果:so,for,therefore,as a result,thus,because,because of,thanks to?,owing to?,due to ?
等
▲遞進(jìn):then,besides,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what's more等。
▲順序:firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally;in the first place,in the second place,in the third place,To begin with,then,furthermore,finally;to start with,next,in addition,finally;first and foremost
besides,last but not least;most important of all,moreover,finally(以上為時(shí)間順序)
in the front of,in front of ?,before,behind,at the back of,on the right/left(of),to
the right /left of?,on the other side of ?,in the center of ?,in the middle of ?,at the
beginning of,at the end of ?,by the side of ?,on the top of ?,at the foot of ?,on the bottom of,inside,outside,upstairs,downstairs(以上為空間順序)
▲轉(zhuǎn)折:nevertheless,however,although,though,but,on the country,after all,oppositely等?!偨Y(jié): in short,in a word,in general,generally speaking,finally,at last,as far as I know,in brief,briefly speaking,in the end,as a matter of fact,in reality,in fact,on the whole,in conclusion,on account of this,therefore等。
▲強(qiáng)調(diào): really,indeed,certainly,surely,for sure,above all等。
▲對(duì)比: in the same way,just as,in common with,compared with,on the one hand?on the other hand,for one thing? for another,similarly等。
▲平行:and,both?and,as well as,as well,neither?nor?or,either?or,not only?but also等。
二、書面表達(dá)的??汲S镁湫驮趯?shí)際的英語(yǔ)寫作中,我們應(yīng)該掌握一些常用的句型以便在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中發(fā)
揮作用。高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)的句式基本上都是簡(jiǎn)單句,就是復(fù)合句也大都是極普通的常用句式或句
型。先討論簡(jiǎn)單句的使用情況。所謂簡(jiǎn)單句式在英語(yǔ)中無(wú)非是三種基本句型及其擴(kuò)充。
一類是S.+V.+O.式,例如,①I like English and computer best.(NMET1996)
②I started school from 1984 to 1990.(NMET1996)
二類是S.+V.+Adv.式,例如,①M(fèi)y parents live in the country.(NMET1993)
②The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.(NMET1997)
三類是S.+V.+Pre.例如,①M(fèi)y name is Li Hua.(NMET1996)
②The playground is now in front of the school.(NMET1999)
③It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8,2000.(NMET2000)
高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)中的復(fù)合句式多為帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句和帶賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,其他如強(qiáng)調(diào)
句型、帶定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句、帶主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句、條件句、讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折的句式等,也是常見常
用??嫉膹?fù)合句形式。有些復(fù)合句式幾乎年年都考。復(fù)合句雖可化簡(jiǎn),但就一篇文章而言,若全是
簡(jiǎn)單句,無(wú)一復(fù)合句或難句起采,難見考生功力,得高分就不容易了。所以,該用復(fù)合句或難句表
現(xiàn)的,而且自信沒什么問(wèn)題,就應(yīng)大膽寫出來(lái),考生切記。
1.帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句①
②It's also possible a pickpocket stole your money while you were shopping.(2004北京卷)
這類時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句不僅考得頻繁,而且連詞when,while,as,before,after甚至by the time
都考到了,時(shí)態(tài)上現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)等都出現(xiàn)了。而且有些年份帶時(shí)間狀
語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句還同時(shí)出現(xiàn)多次。因此我們建議廣大考生應(yīng)加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練這類復(fù)合句,在高考中盡量少
犯錯(cuò)誤。
2.帶賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句
①I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent,and how well you've learned Chinese.(NMET2004,I)
②I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon.(NMET2004,III)
③I would also think that the growth population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better
hometown in future.(2004江蘇卷)
3.帶定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句
①If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help.(NMET2004,I)
②As is shown on Chart 2,only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.(2004北京卷)
4.其他
▲強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister.(NMET1993)
▲帶主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句
①Here is how you can find us
②On the other side,where the playground used to be now stands another new building-our library.(NMET1999)
▲so that句型:
①I became so impatient that I had to go to explain my difficulty.(2004廣東卷)
②I am so sorry that I won't be able to ?tomorrow afternoon.(NMET2004,III)
③The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying.(2004廣東卷)
▲讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折:
①I don't know about others,but I used to have to work even at weekends doing homework and attending classes as well.(NMET2001)
②Although the city is modern and convenient,there are still some problems,such as air pollution,crowdedness and noise.▲條件句: ①If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help.(NMET2004,I)
三、書面表達(dá)開頭和結(jié)尾的寫作
1.書面表達(dá)的開頭俗話說(shuō)萬(wàn)事開頭難。其實(shí),一點(diǎn)也不難。高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)的開頭句一般已為你寫好。你要做的是分段縮進(jìn)重起第二段。注意千萬(wàn)不要接著已寫好的首句。一是不美觀,二是不便于閱卷老師細(xì)覽。那么你的起頭句實(shí)際上是第二段了。開始句根據(jù)要求一般可以寫的漂亮一點(diǎn),即要用一些好的套語(yǔ)開始。比如:
①As is shown on Chart 2,only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.(2004北京卷)可是很多考生總在開頭處寫的不盡如人意,總喜歡搞一些生造的句子或詞語(yǔ)來(lái)開頭,這是一大忌。有些開頭可以以套語(yǔ)開始,或以俗語(yǔ)開始比較有力,這樣就容易被老師看好。檔位在開始時(shí)就已定得很高了。
2.書面表達(dá)的結(jié)尾:⑦⑧結(jié)尾在書面表達(dá)的寫作中占有很重要的地位,通常結(jié)尾都要算一個(gè)內(nèi)容要求,所以,寫好結(jié)尾且讓閱卷老師有一個(gè)完整的印象是十分必要的。好的結(jié)尾可以是一段,由一句或幾句話組成,能使全文增色。例如:
①If there is anything I can do for you,I would be more than glad to help.(2004全國(guó)卷I)
②It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.③What's more,some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder.Don't you
think it a wonderful program?(2004福建卷)
④In short,the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.(2004湖北卷)
但是,在實(shí)際的操作中,許多考生卻不知如何來(lái)結(jié)尾,原本
一、兩句話或極少的表達(dá)就可很圓滿地完成寫作任務(wù),往往又旁生枝節(jié),寫上一些廢話,甚至錯(cuò)話,結(jié)果因表達(dá)不當(dāng)又被扣分。以2009高考卷的書面表達(dá)試題考生的錯(cuò)誤中,可以看出很多考生是吃力不討好的。結(jié)尾中主要的錯(cuò)誤體現(xiàn)在不必要的累贅和廢話上面:
第三篇:高考英語(yǔ)作文議論文
高考英語(yǔ)作文(1)議論文模板
1.正反觀點(diǎn)式議論文模板
導(dǎo)入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...(導(dǎo)入話題)Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點(diǎn)有分歧)
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方觀點(diǎn))
Here are the reasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2~3個(gè)贊成的理由)
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it.(反方觀點(diǎn))
Their reasons are as follows.In the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出2~3個(gè)反對(duì)的理由)
結(jié)論:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(個(gè)人觀點(diǎn))オ
2.“A或者B”類議論文模板:
導(dǎo)入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways.Others, however, argue that B is much better.Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A.The main reason is that...Another reason is that...(贊同A的原因)
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2個(gè)B的優(yōu)勢(shì))結(jié)論:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出結(jié)論)オ
3.觀點(diǎn)論述類議論文模板:
導(dǎo)入:
第1段:提出一種現(xiàn)象或某個(gè)決定作為議論的話題
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的觀點(diǎn)是贊成還是反對(duì))
The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(過(guò)渡句,承上啟下)
正文:
第2段:First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3個(gè)贊成或反對(duì)的理由)結(jié)論:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that...(照應(yīng)第1段,構(gòu)成“總—分—總”結(jié)構(gòu))
4.“How to”類議論文模板:
導(dǎo)入:
第1段:提出一種現(xiàn)象或某種困難作為議論的話題
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective.First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出2~3個(gè)解決此類問(wèn)題的辦法)
結(jié)論:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take.But it should be noted that we should take action to...(強(qiáng)調(diào)解決此類問(wèn)題的根本方法)
(附):巧用連接詞
要想使文章有整體性、連貫性,就要學(xué)會(huì)正確使用連接詞
表示羅列增加
First, second, third,First, then / next, after that / next, finally
For one thing … for another…,On(the)one hand…on the other hand,Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In particular,表示時(shí)間順序
now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with,later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment
form now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解釋說(shuō)明
now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreoverfurthermore, in fact, actually
表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the otherhand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except(for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列關(guān)系
or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
表示因果關(guān)系
because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result(of), otherwise, so…that, such…that
表示條件關(guān)系
as(so)long as, on condition that, if, unless
表示讓步關(guān)系
though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever,whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how(who, what, which, where, when, whom)
表示舉例
for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example
表示比較
be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with(to)…just like, just as,表示目的for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,表示概括歸納
in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,
第四篇:高考英語(yǔ)作文:議論文
高考英語(yǔ)作文:議論文
重點(diǎn)詮釋
1. 議論文是以議論為主要表達(dá)方式的一種文體,它通過(guò)擺事實(shí),講道理的方式來(lái)辯明是非曲折,從而表達(dá)出作者的觀點(diǎn)。高考英語(yǔ)作文的寫作,大多有具體要點(diǎn)(即論點(diǎn)或論據(jù))的限定,所以并不需要如何地縱橫裨闔,如何地旁征博引。但是,麻雀雖小,五臟俱全。
一篇100來(lái)字的議論文,同樣必須邏輯嚴(yán)密,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,語(yǔ)言洗練,言而有據(jù)。要盡可能避免使用口語(yǔ),多用書面語(yǔ),可適當(dāng)使用名言警句;以議論為主,輔之以敘述,說(shuō)明和描寫等手法。
2. 在近幾年的高考書面表達(dá)中,其主要命題形式是以表格式和提綱式來(lái) 呈現(xiàn)寫作材料的。
3.寫作時(shí)要圍繞中心論點(diǎn)展開議論,即論據(jù)和論證要圍繞論點(diǎn)展開。根據(jù)題目要求,有時(shí)需要從正反兩面來(lái)論述,可增強(qiáng)論證的力度。最后,可得出結(jié)論,照應(yīng)開頭,形成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。
寫作模式
寫作時(shí)常以三段式的形式展開議論。[來(lái)源:Zxxk.Com] 1.引段
高考英語(yǔ)議論文的引言可以有兩部分組成:現(xiàn)象+觀點(diǎn)。
現(xiàn)象就來(lái)自作文題目。所以學(xué)生必須要理解題目中的每句話,把題目中的中文用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)就能成為不錯(cuò)的開篇。然后再開門見山地亮出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
2.主體段
① 引證法(即引用一些名人名言、成語(yǔ)、格言、諺語(yǔ)燈作為論據(jù)); ② 例證法(即舉例來(lái)進(jìn)行論證)③ 喻證法(用比喻的方法來(lái)論證事理,把深?yuàn)W、抽象的事理表述得淺顯易懂,使文章既生動(dòng)又形象)④ 對(duì)比論證法(通過(guò)對(duì)事物的正反兩個(gè)方面的對(duì)比來(lái)分析論證,使文章的表達(dá)效果更強(qiáng)烈,給人留下深刻印象)⑤ 歸納法(從分析典型,即分析個(gè)別事物入手,找出事物的共同特點(diǎn),然后得出結(jié)論。)⑥ 推理法(從一般原理出發(fā),對(duì)個(gè)別事物進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、分析,而后得出結(jié)論)⑦ 駁論法(先列出錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn),然后加以逐條批駁,最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn))。在主體段中,務(wù)必要牢記應(yīng)采用先總后分的手法——先亮出主題句,然后再用發(fā)展句充實(shí)段落。你必須圍繞著引言段的觀點(diǎn)展開,千萬(wàn)不能讓人覺得的的文章段落之間沒有銜接。
此外,在主體段中要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠^(guò)渡詞,有明顯的層次感,引領(lǐng)閱讀者一層一層地根據(jù)你的分論點(diǎn)走向最終你要闡述的觀點(diǎn)。
3.結(jié)尾段
結(jié)論,用一、二句話來(lái)結(jié)束文章,做到首尾呼應(yīng)。一定要再次澄清你的觀點(diǎn),切記與引言段的觀點(diǎn)一致,建議用不同的詞句法表達(dá)一個(gè)意思。寫作典例:
暑假即將來(lái)臨,你班同學(xué)就假期計(jì)劃進(jìn)行討論,提出了不 同看法,請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示寫一篇英語(yǔ)短文,并談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?/p>
優(yōu)點(diǎn) 缺點(diǎn) 呆在家中 花費(fèi)少,舒適方便 不能親自了解外界 外出旅游 增長(zhǎng)知識(shí),開闊眼界 花費(fèi)多,旅途不便 注意:1。詞數(shù)120左右(不含已寫好部分)
2.短文必須包括表中所列要點(diǎn),可根據(jù)內(nèi)容分段表述; 3.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)以使行文連貫; 4.參考詞匯:眼界horizon(view)案例分析
這是一篇典型的議論文體的寫作,它以表格的形式提出了論點(diǎn)(呆在家中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)以及外出旅游的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn))和論據(jù),還以文字提示形式提出了話題(假期計(jì)劃)及需要考生自由發(fā)揮的部分(你的看法),自己的看法可選擇上述中的任何一種,并就此發(fā)表個(gè)人的見解。本文的重點(diǎn)是表格中兩種方式的優(yōu),缺點(diǎn),根據(jù)題目的特點(diǎn),以三段式的形式來(lái)寫作比較好。
根據(jù)內(nèi)容,盡管討論已經(jīng)發(fā)生,但它是就一般的暑假假期計(jì)劃而進(jìn)行的討論,沒有特定的時(shí)間界定,因而考生應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)為主。相當(dāng)一部分考生用一般過(guò)去時(shí)進(jìn)行論述,這會(huì)失掉較多的分?jǐn)?shù)。從題目所給的開頭可知應(yīng)用第一人稱來(lái)寫。
范文:
The summer holiday is coming.Our class have a discussion about what to do during the holiday.Some are in favor of staying at home.They think it's both convenient and comfortable.What's more, they can save money for other purposes.But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden the ir horizons.But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.針對(duì)練習(xí)
1.誠(chéng)信是處世之本。但是在中學(xué)生當(dāng)中,考試作弊、抄襲作業(yè)、欺騙家長(zhǎng)和老師等現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮。請(qǐng)你對(duì)以上種種現(xiàn)象作簡(jiǎn)要描述,并以How to guar antee honesty為題,從三個(gè)方面,談?wù)勅绾伪WC學(xué)生做到誠(chéng)信。
注意:
1.詞數(shù):120左右;
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。How to guarantee honesty As we all know, honesty is a lways an essential principle of living.Much to our regret, however, …
_______________ ____________________________________________________________________________
Honesty is the best policy, which is what we should keep in mind all the time.【參考范文】------One possible version: As we all know, honesty is always an essential principle of living.Much to our regret, however, it is nothing new that some middle school students cheat in exams, copy others’ homework and fool their teachers and parents.Therefor e, how to guarantee honesty should come to our attention.Personal ly, I think honesty education is necessary.For instance, courses on hone sty can be offered to students;activities like story-te lling and lectures are also worthy trying.With the concept of “being honest” rooted in their minds, honesty can be reflected in their daily life and study.Besides, related rules an d regulations should be laid down.Detailed criteria should be applied to evaluate students in aspects such as homework, tests, relationship with teachers and parents.Then, strict measures should be carried out to puni sh those who cheat, and consequently, they must assume responsibility for their bad behavior, thus considerably reducing chances of cheating next time.Honesty is the best policy, which is what we should keep in mind all the time.本文是一篇開放式的作文,只提出了一個(gè)話題“How to guarantee honesty”,話題非常切合學(xué)生實(shí)際生活,讓每個(gè)學(xué)生都有話可寫。此題留給學(xué)生了一定的想象空間,有利于優(yōu)生的發(fā)揮。文章的人稱以一、三人稱為主;時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);本文可用三段成文形式成文。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn): 1.學(xué)生中存在的作弊現(xiàn)象;2.解決這一現(xiàn)象的方法;3.總結(jié)要點(diǎn)。
2.如今世界糧食短缺,價(jià)格飛漲,給部分地區(qū)造成社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩。假設(shè)在你校開展的研究性學(xué)習(xí)中,你們小組以“World Food Crisis”為題進(jìn)行研究,現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你代表你們小組向全體同學(xué)簡(jiǎn)要介紹你們的研究成果。主要內(nèi)容如下:
造成的原因 1.氣候變化,造成糧食減產(chǎn) 2.工業(yè)發(fā)展,城市化加速,耕地減少 3.世界能源價(jià)格上漲,使用糧食生產(chǎn)生物燃料
應(yīng)對(duì)的措施 1.注重環(huán)保,改善生態(tài) 2.嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地 3.富國(guó)支持窮國(guó),促進(jìn)世界和諧
你如何做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)1.?? 2.??
注意:1.內(nèi)容包括以上要點(diǎn),但不要逐句翻譯 2.字?jǐn)?shù)150左右,文章開頭已提供,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)
3.參考詞匯:城市化urbanization 生物燃料biofuels Hello, everyone, Now I'll tell you something about our research project The World Food Crisis on behalf of our group.As you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas.___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 【命題方向與寫作提示】這是一篇提綱式的議論文寫作素材,探討國(guó)計(jì)民生的社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題:糧食價(jià)格上漲。寫作時(shí)要注意避免逐句翻譯,并適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)以使行文連貫。
【參考范文】(One possib le version)Hello, everyone, Now I'll tell you something about our research project The World Food Crisis on behalf of our group.As you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas.But who is responsible for the current world food crisis? First, annual world grains output has declined because of climate change.Then lots of farmland has been lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization.Besides, faced with the rising energy prices, people have turned to the production of biofuels, which has worsened the severe situation.Then what should we do to deal with the problem? On one hand, we should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology.On the other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland.Of course, to build a harmonious world the developed countries should take their responsibilities to help the poor ones experiencing food shortage.As for me, I will call on the people around me to live thriftily.And for the moment, I think, we should study hard to develop science and help solve the food shortage in the future.
第五篇:《高考議論文寫作指導(dǎo)》
高考語(yǔ)文二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案:高考議論文寫作指導(dǎo)入格訓(xùn)練
標(biāo)題 開頭 結(jié)尾 標(biāo)題的擬定
思考:在完成了材料(題目)的審核(即審題)、確定了自己的寫作的方向和中心論點(diǎn)(即立意)之后,我們?cè)谔峋V的羅列中,還需要進(jìn)行幾項(xiàng)大的工作? ▲文章結(jié)構(gòu)如何展開 ▲擬用哪些分論點(diǎn)
▲安排怎樣一些貼切合適論據(jù) ▲標(biāo)題確立
▲精心安排一個(gè)開頭
標(biāo)題擬定常犯的錯(cuò)誤:
1.不擬標(biāo)題或忘擬標(biāo)題; 2.標(biāo)題過(guò)短過(guò)直白。
3.立場(chǎng)不明,模棱兩可。如《比天更高》、《向上比》 4.太長(zhǎng)太繞,不知所指。如《競(jìng)爭(zhēng)因何而起》、《比一比,看看是誰(shuí)對(duì)還是錯(cuò)》 標(biāo)題擬定需要把握的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和尺度
書寫可以說(shuō)是文章的”臉“,其重要性不言而喻,而一個(gè)好的標(biāo)題,就是文章的”眼睛”??次恼戮拖窨慈?,一個(gè)人的眼睛反應(yīng)了人的性格、氣質(zhì)和精神狀態(tài),而文章的深度、可讀性,也與標(biāo)題息息相關(guān)。1.簡(jiǎn)潔
標(biāo)題要一目了然,忌諱長(zhǎng)、忌諱啰嗦 2.準(zhǔn)確
杜絕錯(cuò)別字
杜絕模棱兩可
杜絕(為了盲目求新)生澀繞口、故顯深沉、不知所指 3.緊扣主旨
標(biāo)題最好是能夠醒目,但最關(guān)鍵的還是要與主題息息相關(guān),緊扣主題,或者干脆對(duì)主題進(jìn)行形象化、生動(dòng)化加工后,作為標(biāo)題。4.新穎、吸引人
正如一部電影必須有一些讓我們印象深刻的情節(jié)或瞬間(以《美麗人生》、《海上鋼琴師》為例),一篇好的文章必須是在整體的觀點(diǎn)明確、結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱、語(yǔ)言流暢的基礎(chǔ)(48—50分)擁有一些亮點(diǎn),比如貼切、典型、新穎的論據(jù),比如深入的令人信服的分析,比如一段極富氣勢(shì)的排比、比喻論證。
而一個(gè)新穎醒目的標(biāo)題,首先便給人眼前一亮的感覺,從而成為文章的一大亮點(diǎn),很能影響讀者的心情。
一個(gè)標(biāo)題如何醒目,如何吸引人,就需要我們開動(dòng)腦筋,用生動(dòng)形象的修辭來(lái)處理你確定的主旨。5.生動(dòng)形象
可以使用引用(化用)、象征、比喻、夸張、對(duì)偶等藝術(shù)手法進(jìn)行加工,使之鮮活新穎
議論文標(biāo)題的類型: 觀點(diǎn)式:《自信創(chuàng)造奇跡》 《生命的價(jià)值在于奉獻(xiàn)》 《有目標(biāo)才有美好未來(lái)》
《有夢(mèng)想才有成功》 《細(xì)節(jié)決定命運(yùn)》 比喻式:《誠(chéng)信——人生的通行證》 《守住你的金礦 ——誠(chéng)信》
《不滿足是向上的車輪》 《點(diǎn)亮心中那盞燈》
二、如何設(shè)置一個(gè)好的開頭: “開頭”要開得正,“題”要入得巧。所謂“正”就是不能煙霧濛濛、離題萬(wàn)里;所謂“巧”就是新穎醒目、引人入勝,能激起閱讀興趣。
萬(wàn)事開頭難,一個(gè)好的開頭,非常之關(guān)鍵,它能夠給人一個(gè)良好的印象,同時(shí)也能夠讓我們寫得越來(lái)越有自信,也更加的得心應(yīng)手。
思考:你在寫文章時(shí),一般是怎樣組織開頭的?你一般會(huì)采取哪些措施,讓你的文章開頭更漂亮?
好的開頭的標(biāo)準(zhǔn): 第一,要明。
好的開頭,要一下子讓讀者知道你要說(shuō)什么,也就是讓讀者了解你的論點(diǎn)或論題。白居易說(shuō):“首句標(biāo)其目”,主張開宗明義。李涂在《文章精義》里說(shuō):“文字起句發(fā)意最好?!笨傊屪x者知道你在談哪方面的問(wèn)題,開篇知其旨意。第二,要美。
只有美,才能達(dá)到吸引讀者的目的。文章開頭的美,主要指技巧美,如 “亮靶子”、“引名言”、“擺問(wèn)題”、“列排比”、“用博喻”等等。形式美是內(nèi)容美的保證,二者相輔相成。切不可低估文章開頭形式美、技巧美的作用,有了這種美,才能先聲奪人,吸引人看你的文章。在這個(gè)意義上說(shuō),“好的開頭是成功的一半?!?第三,要簡(jiǎn)。
簡(jiǎn)潔是明朗的保證。有的考生在寫給材料作文時(shí),好把原材料復(fù)述一下,這就太羅嗦了。既要從原材料說(shuō)起,又不能復(fù)述原材料,怎么辦?辦法有兩個(gè):一個(gè)是對(duì)原材料“一言以蔽之”;另一個(gè)是選取原材料中一句有代表性的話,讓讀者知道原材料大致是個(gè)什么意思就行了,千萬(wàn)不要較多地引述原材料。
議論文開頭的方法: 鳳頭(明 美 簡(jiǎn))
一、開門見山,直接立論
這是議論文中立論文最常見的方法。你不妨開宗明義,開篇將文章的中心論點(diǎn)擺出來(lái),然后再逐層展開論證。這是使用率最高的一種方法。即在文章的一開頭就與全文的中心論點(diǎn)保持一致方向,不是亮出觀點(diǎn),就是導(dǎo)出觀點(diǎn)。1.如吳晗的《談骨氣》,在開頭提出中心論點(diǎn)——我們中國(guó)人是有骨氣的。2.如《論“志”》開頭——“志”,離不開心,離不開思想和意愿。
3.現(xiàn)代社會(huì)充滿了各種誘惑,這就需要我們?cè)谶x擇中善于舍棄?!渡朴谏釛墶?/p>
4.不經(jīng)過(guò)挫折,怎知道生活之艱難;不經(jīng)過(guò)創(chuàng)傷,怎知道命運(yùn)之真諦;只有當(dāng)生命與苦難結(jié)緣,才知道,苦難其實(shí)也是一筆豐厚的財(cái)富
二、釋題入篇 明確論點(diǎn)
于文章開頭,就將標(biāo)題或相關(guān)概念的含義解釋一下,從而明確全文的中心論點(diǎn)
《自強(qiáng).自負(fù).自卑》:我國(guó)字很早以前就有“自強(qiáng)”一詞了。《易經(jīng)·上乾》說(shuō):“君子以自強(qiáng)不息?!弊詮?qiáng),就是自己努力向上。一個(gè)人要有所作為,應(yīng)具備的品質(zhì)是:既不要自卑,也不要自負(fù),而要自強(qiáng)。”
【文章開頭準(zhǔn)確解釋概念,給人印象清晰明確】
三、設(shè)問(wèn)開頭 啟發(fā)思考
用設(shè)問(wèn)開頭,就是在文章開頭,先就要議論的問(wèn)題提出疑問(wèn),然后在回答問(wèn)題中提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。這也是議論文開頭的一種常見方式。這種開頭方法的特點(diǎn)是入題較快,簡(jiǎn)潔、明快、有力,既拓展了思路,又吸引了讀者,啟發(fā)思考。1、什么叫成功?順手拿過(guò)來(lái)一本《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》,上面寫道:“成功,獲得預(yù)期的結(jié)果?!毖院?jiǎn)意賅,明白之至。
2、等待是什么?等待是起跑前的下蹲,是起跳前的彎曲。等待是姜太公的垂釣,是諸葛亮的躬耕南陽(yáng)。等待是意志的鍛煉和耐心的蓄積。等待是冰凍三尺排一日之寒。我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)在等待中奮起
3、財(cái)富是什么?貝多芬、莫扎特的財(cái)富是音樂(lè),達(dá)芬奇?莫奈的財(cái)富是色彩,父母的財(cái)富是豐富閱歷,我的財(cái)富是青春。青春包容了希望,包容了憧憬,包容了歡樂(lè)。
四、名言引入 令人注目
警句開頭法就是在文章的開頭引用名言警句,以此引出文章的論點(diǎn)或論題,不僅吸引讀者,又因?yàn)槊跃淠?、平易、深刻、精辟,蘊(yùn)含哲理,說(shuō)服力也強(qiáng)。
同時(shí)加強(qiáng)論述的權(quán)威性,先聲奪人。這里的名言包括名人名言、格言、諺語(yǔ)、詩(shī)句等。如《說(shuō)憂患》:
俗話說(shuō)“人無(wú)遠(yuǎn)慮,必有近憂”。這句話簡(jiǎn)約明了的告訴我們,生活之中處處存在“憂患”,總會(huì)有或大或小的事情令你憂慮。正因?yàn)橛兄档谩皯n慮”的事情存在,才使得我們更加優(yōu)秀,更加懂得讓自己變得更優(yōu)秀。所以,我們應(yīng)該具備憂患意思。(引用——解釋——觀點(diǎn))引名句,扣住中心。
1. “千里之行,始于足下?!蔽覀冞~出的每一步對(duì)我們的一生都會(huì)有重大影響。《一步與一生》(2007年四川高考滿分作文)
2. “人生最大的聰明是有自知之明”,此話很有道理。自知之明是一個(gè)人成才的必要條件,人貴有自知之明。3.“書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟。” 知識(shí)猶如浩瀚無(wú)垠的大海,哪有水源窮盡的一天?惟有以百折不回的毅力,勇往直前,方能采擷到知識(shí)果實(shí)?!秾W(xué)無(wú)止境》
4. 南非總統(tǒng)曼德拉說(shuō)過(guò):“張弛有度是一種積極向上的人生態(tài)度。”我欣賞這樣有彈性的人生態(tài)度?!稄埑谟卸取?5.“每一條走過(guò)的路都有不得不這樣跋涉的理由,每一條要走下去的路都有不得不這樣選擇的方向?!毕饺萑缡钦f(shuō)。冥冥之中,“不得這樣”透出些許的無(wú)奈,但我讀出來(lái)的更多的是理性的光輝和安心。(2005年北京佳作《安于心》)6.宋代理學(xué)家朱熹曾有這樣一首詩(shī):“半畝方塘一鑒開,天光云影共徘徊。問(wèn)渠哪得清如許?為有源頭活水來(lái)?!敝熳又v的是他的讀書體驗(yàn)。拿來(lái)一本書,作者的觀點(diǎn)、思想一目了然,這就是所謂“清如許”,作者平時(shí)不停地讀書、思考、探究,這就是所謂“活水來(lái)”。沒有“活水來(lái)”就沒有“清如許”,所以,一定要“搞活”。
五、事例引入 增添趣味
議論文的開頭先敘述一個(gè)故事,然后由這件事引起議論,從而就事說(shuō)理,針對(duì)性強(qiáng),使文章富有趣味性和說(shuō)服力。如果故事本身極具吸引力,一下子就能抓住讀者心理,那么就能自然引出論點(diǎn),水到渠成?;蛳纫靡粋€(gè)寓言,從而引起議論,展開論證。用寓言開頭,則能使抽象的道理形象化,增強(qiáng)文章的表現(xiàn)力和感染力。文章開頭先列舉日常生活中一些有偏差的言行,再對(duì)這些錯(cuò)誤的思想和行為加以否定,然后引出一個(gè)正確的觀點(diǎn)。這種開頭更貼近生活實(shí)際,議論更有針對(duì)性,也更有的放矢。
1.日常生活中不難看到這樣的情景:有的人因?yàn)橐恍╇u毛蒜皮的小事便惡語(yǔ)相向,甚至動(dòng)起手來(lái);有的人缺乏同情心,在別人遇到困難時(shí)無(wú)動(dòng)于衷;還有的人能關(guān)愛家人和朋友,但對(duì)其他人卻漠不關(guān)心??這些現(xiàn)象都是缺乏友善之心的表現(xiàn)。因此,我們有必要在全社會(huì)倡導(dǎo)友善?!墩摗坝焉啤薄?/p>
2.歌德年輕時(shí)候立下的志向是成為一個(gè)畫家。為此他付出了艱辛,努力提高自己的畫技,卻始終收效甚微。直到40歲的時(shí)候,他游歷了意大利,親眼見到那些大師們的杰出作品之后,終于清醒了:即使自己窮盡畢生的精力也難以在畫界有所建樹。在痛苦和彷徨中,他毅然決定放棄繪畫,改攻文學(xué),最終成為偉大的詩(shī)人。的確,發(fā)現(xiàn)自己并不容易?!栋l(fā)現(xiàn)自己》 3.狼常到牧場(chǎng)叼羊。牧場(chǎng)主用了整整一個(gè)冬季終于解除狼患。不久,羊群流行疾病大量死亡,牧場(chǎng)主只得請(qǐng)來(lái)專家防疫治病。專家的結(jié)論卻是請(qǐng)幾只狼來(lái),放回到附近山里。果然,狼的騷擾使羊群疫病消失,隊(duì)伍壯大。原來(lái),狼的追逐,使羊群常常驚悸奔跑,羊群因之格外健壯,老弱病殘?zhí)钊肜强冢卟∫簿筒粡?fù)存在了。這個(gè)真實(shí)的故事耐人尋味,它揭示了一個(gè)道理:有對(duì)手,才有壓力;有壓力,才能生存。——《你好,對(duì)手》
4.有這樣一個(gè)有趣而另人深思的實(shí)驗(yàn),把一只青蛙冷不防扔進(jìn)滾燙的油鍋里,青蛙能出人意料地一躍而出,逃離陷境。然后又把同一只青蛙放在逐漸加熱的水鍋里,這次它感到舒服愜意,以致意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)來(lái)臨時(shí)卻欲躍乏力,最終葬身鍋底。由這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)我們可以看出,青蛙對(duì)眼前的危險(xiǎn)反映敏感,對(duì)還沒有到來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)反映遲鈍。由此我想到了人,其實(shí)人在這方面也是如此,正如孟子所說(shuō)的:“生于憂患,死于安樂(lè)?!保ㄖv故事引出觀點(diǎn))
五、講故事,引入主題。2007年廣東滿分作文《薪盡火傳》,開頭寫道:
曾經(jīng)有個(gè)很有名的故事:一名病重的人對(duì)畫家說(shuō),當(dāng)藤蔓上最后一片葉子落下的時(shí)候,我便要離開這個(gè)世界。于是畫家畫了一片綠葉在藤上,暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)后,畫家去世了,病人卻堅(jiān)強(qiáng)地活了下來(lái)。畫家,用他的畫筆向病人傳遞了求生的意志,也傳遞了他生命的火花。
六、排比開頭 引出觀點(diǎn)
排比往往給人以一氣呵成之感,節(jié)奏感強(qiáng),增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言氣勢(shì),加強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果,多用于說(shuō)理或抒情。用排比說(shuō)理,可以把論點(diǎn)闡述得更嚴(yán)密,更透徹;用排比抒情可以把情感抒發(fā)的淋漓盡致。(人物排比、事例排比、抒情排比、比喻排比)
運(yùn)用排比,詮釋題目,彰顯文采。
[例1]時(shí)間如海,記憶如沙灘,海水將一枚枚貝殼送到沙灘上,又收回她那浩渺的胸懷。
時(shí)間如風(fēng),記憶如巨巖,風(fēng)將巨巖刻劃得千瘡百孔,又用多情的手把那些痕跡撫平。然而,總有幾枚貝殼,在亙古的海灘上鳴響著歷史的悲風(fēng),總有幾筆劃痕,在訴說(shuō)著記憶的不朽。
《貝殼 劃痕 記憶 》(2007年山東高考滿分作文)
[例2]荊棘鳥用荊棘刺破自己的瞬間,造就了一種永恒——無(wú)比動(dòng)聽的歌聲,一種永恒的美;飛蛾撲向火光燃燒自己的瞬間,也造就了一種永恒——對(duì)光明的追求,一種永恒的精神;流星劃過(guò)天空的那一瞬間,也造就了一種永恒——不屈于黑暗的行為,一種永恒的氣概??這些事實(shí)告訴我們:瞬間可以造就了永恒。
[例3]蒼鷹的理想是翱翔于廣闊無(wú)邊的天空;魚兒的理想是游蕩在煙波浩淼的大海;花兒的理想是綻放在和煦溫暖的春天。正因?yàn)樗鼈兌加凶约旱睦硐?,所以在最后它們都活出了屬于自己的精彩。每個(gè)人也都應(yīng)該如此,擁有自己的理想。[例4] 盈盈月光,我掬一杯最清的; 落落余輝,我擁一縷最暖的; 灼灼紅葉,我拾一片最熱的; 萋萋芳草,我摘一束最燦的;
漫漫人生,我要采擷世間最重的———毅力。作排比,造勢(shì)磅礴 如《待人和善》:
盈盈月光,我掬一捧最清的; 落落余暉,我擁一縷最暖的; 灼灼紅葉,我拾一片最熱的;
萋萋芳華,我摘一束最燦爛的;對(duì)人以和,待人用善,待人和善。
七、對(duì)比引入 是非明確
即把生活中兩種截然相反的現(xiàn)象聯(lián)系在一起,在對(duì)比中提出自己獨(dú)到的觀點(diǎn)。通過(guò)對(duì)比來(lái)闡明事理。這種開頭方法的好處是通過(guò)對(duì)比,幫助讀者判斷是非曲直,從而有力地支撐論點(diǎn)。1.古今中外,凡是在事業(yè)上有所造就、取得成功的人,沒有不是用辛勤的汗水換來(lái)的;反之,那些懶惰昏庸的人,就難得成就事業(yè)。由此,我們可以說(shuō):勤則成事,惰則敗業(yè)。
2.一位孔繁森,光芒四射,人們提起他的名字,總是與偉大、光明、進(jìn)步聯(lián)系在一起。
一位王寶森,臭名昭著,人們提起他的名字,總是與貪婪、黑暗、丑陋聯(lián)系在一起。
兩個(gè)人都走完了人生。但一個(gè)永存,一個(gè)早已被人唾棄。
人生的價(jià)值,在兩人的鮮明對(duì)比中,不是已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)了嗎?
八、運(yùn)用比喻 生動(dòng)活潑
在文章的開頭,運(yùn)用一個(gè)或一組比喻,通過(guò)比喻的意思引出文章的中心論點(diǎn)。這種開頭方法的好處是:借助形象幫助說(shuō)理,生動(dòng)活潑,增強(qiáng)吸引力。
七、打比方,隱喻題旨。
1.材料作文“理論對(duì)于實(shí)踐的意義”,一考生自擬題《燈塔·路標(biāo)·理論》,開頭寫道—— 在暗礁四伏的海上航行,需要燈塔指點(diǎn)迷津;在岔道口上迷路,需要路標(biāo)指引方向。否則就要觸礁,迷路。在人生路途中,我們需要科學(xué)理論的指導(dǎo) 2.如《一絲甘醇沁心田》:
像微風(fēng)拂過(guò)竹葉,像碧波輕吻著海岸,像明星裝飾著天幕,像冷雨滋潤(rùn)著土地。你的出現(xiàn)仿佛一道閃電劃破了凝固的空氣。
3.愛心是一片照射在冬日的陽(yáng)光,使貧病交迫的人感到人間的溫暖;愛心是一泓出現(xiàn)在沙漠里的泉水,使瀕臨絕境的人重新看到生活的希望;愛心是一首飄蕩在夜空的歌謠,使孤苦無(wú)依的人獲得心靈的慰藉。人生需要愛心。
4.一滴水是小的,一塊石是硬的。但一滴滴的水不斷地滴在石頭的同一地方,天長(zhǎng)日久,水滴竟可穿石,同樣一個(gè)人一次努力的作用是渺小的,但是堅(jiān)持不懈,不斷努力,日后就會(huì)成功?!顿F在堅(jiān)持》
萬(wàn)能鳳頭:
信念是巍巍大廈的棟梁,沒有它,就只是一堆散亂的磚瓦;信念是滔滔大江的河床,沒有它,就只有一片泛濫的波浪;信念是熊熊烈火的引星,沒有它,就只有一把冰冷的柴把;信念是遠(yuǎn)洋巨輪的主機(jī),沒有它,就只剩下癱瘓的巨架。
站在歷史的海岸漫溯那一道道歷史溝渠:楚大夫沉吟澤畔,九死不悔;魏武帝揚(yáng)鞭東指,壯心不已;陶淵明悠然南山,飲酒采菊??他們選擇了永恒,縱然諂媚誣蔑視聽,也不隨其流揚(yáng)其波,這是執(zhí)著的選擇;縱然馬革裹尸,魂歸狼煙,只是豪壯的選擇;縱然一身清苦,終日難飽,也愿怡然自樂(lè),躬耕隴畝,這是高雅的選擇。在一番選擇中,帝王將相成其蓋世偉業(yè),賢士遷客成其千古文章。
盈盈月光,我掬一杯最清的;落落余輝,我擁一縷最暖的;灼灼紅葉,我拾一片最熱的;萋萋芳草,我摘一束最燦的;漫漫人生,我要采擷世間最重的———毅力。
愛心是一片照射在冬日的陽(yáng)光,使貧病交迫的人感到人間的溫暖;愛心是一泓出現(xiàn)在沙漠里的泉水,使瀕臨絕境的人重新看到生活的希望;愛心是一首飄蕩在夜空的歌謠,使孤苦無(wú)依的人獲得心靈的慰藉。
成熟是一種明亮而不刺眼的光輝,一種圓潤(rùn)而不膩耳的音響,一種不需要對(duì)別人察顏觀色的從容,一種終于停止了向周圍申訴求告的大氣,一種不理會(huì)哄鬧的微笑,一種洗刷了偏激的淡漠,一種無(wú)須聲張的厚實(shí)。
愛,有的時(shí)候不需要山盟海誓的承諾,但她一定需要細(xì)致入微的關(guān)懷與問(wèn)候;
愛,有的時(shí)候不需要梁?;谋瘔?,但她一定需要心有靈犀的默契與投合;
愛,有的時(shí)候不需要雄飛雌從的追隨,但她一定需要相濡以沫的支持與理解。
法二:
文采展示,迅速過(guò)渡 法三:
經(jīng)典故事或言論入題 豹尾
南宋著名詩(shī)人姜夔說(shuō):“一篇全在結(jié)句”。
收尾要做到有利于揭示文章的主題,有利于文章的結(jié)構(gòu),要做到辭雖盡而意無(wú)窮,就像欣賞一首絕妙的樂(lè)章,一曲終了,余音仍在耳畔回蕩繚繞。
要堅(jiān)持兩個(gè)原則:
一、不拖泥帶水無(wú)話找話,要干凈利索;
二、呼應(yīng)題目和開頭,使文章結(jié)構(gòu)完整,主題清晰 妙作結(jié)尾,前后呼應(yīng) 題目:成功與毅力
這是一道闡述兩者關(guān)系的題目。如果立論為“成功需要有頑強(qiáng)的毅力”,結(jié)尾可以這樣歸納:
總之,面對(duì)壓力,我們要勇敢地抗?fàn)?;面?duì)挫折,我們要不屈地奮斗;面對(duì)辛勞,我們要堅(jiān)韌地拼搏。只有頑強(qiáng)的毅力,才能換來(lái)成功的碩果。題目:必須跨過(guò)這道坎
【開頭】急流跌宕險(xiǎn)灘,潮汐遭遇暗礁,雄鷹卷進(jìn)長(zhǎng)風(fēng)??造化注定給生命以劫難,沒有坎坷崎嶇的人生不能謂之完美充實(shí)的人生,而飽經(jīng)磨煉愈挫愈勇的人才有機(jī)會(huì)飛上天空,擁抱云蒸霞蔚或是電閃雷鳴。
【結(jié)尾部分照應(yīng)開頭】跌落險(xiǎn)灘,讓我們?cè)陔U(xiǎn)灘后激起更絢麗的浪花;遭遇暗礁不要怕,讓我們?nèi)员简v著流向大海;卷進(jìn)長(zhǎng)風(fēng)不要怕,讓我們?cè)谛郎u中奮勇掙扎,一定能重新翱翔在蔚藍(lán)的天。那么,面對(duì)人生的坎,讓我們握緊拳頭,笑著對(duì)天空說(shuō):“必須跨過(guò)這道坎,才是真正的強(qiáng)者!”(2007年上海高考滿分作文)【材料】一位斯巴達(dá)人對(duì)他的母親抱怨說(shuō):“我的劍太短了?!蹦赣H回答:“孩子,你前進(jìn)一步,劍不就長(zhǎng)了嗎?”
這類材料作文的結(jié)尾,一定要或明或暗的再點(diǎn)一下提供的材料。所謂“明”,就是直接點(diǎn)明;所謂“暗”,就是間接示現(xiàn)。
這道題目,如果立意從發(fā)揮主觀能動(dòng)性考慮,結(jié)論就可以提出希望:我們決不要像那個(gè)斯巴達(dá)人那樣,只是抱怨“劍短”,讓我們邁出矯健的步伐,使自己手中的“劍”變“長(zhǎng)”,靠自己的努力去獲取成功吧!
2007年全國(guó)一卷高考滿分作文: 且放云帆濟(jì)滄海
開頭:小船升起云帆,橫濟(jì)滄海的航程中難免會(huì)有風(fēng)吹浪打;小樹初有新芽,茁壯成長(zhǎng)中難免會(huì)遭受雨雪風(fēng)霜;小溪向前奔流,一路上不只有泉水叮咚,也有險(xiǎn)灘漩渦。
結(jié)尾部分點(diǎn)漫畫內(nèi)容且照應(yīng)開頭:可是快看,那只為目光所縛的小船,正拼命地向遠(yuǎn)方鼓足云帆。就請(qǐng)家庭松開過(guò)度關(guān)愛的目光,學(xué)校解下過(guò)分指責(zé)的目光,社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)意關(guān)注的目光,換為理解與寬容,放那一片去帆濟(jì)滄海吧!