第一篇：11月15日離子鑒別培優(yōu)訓練

五題全對,….大爺給你跪了

? 1.下列各組物質(zhì)，只用組內(nèi)溶液相互混合的方法就能鑒別的是（）?A、KOH、Na2SO4、CuSO4、MgCl2

?B、K2CO3、BaCl2、Na2CO3、HCl

?C、Na2SO4、BaCl2、KNO3、NaCl

? D、NaNO3、AgNO3、KNO3、NaCl

? 2.下列各組物質(zhì)的溶液，不另加試劑就能一一鑒別的是

? A．NaOHHClCuSO4MgSO4

? B．KNO3H2SO4NaOHBaCl2

? C．MgSO4NaClFeCl3NaOH

? D．Na2CO3K2SO4BaCl2HCl

? 3.下列四組溶液，只提供無色酚酞試液不能鑒別的是()。? A.Na2CO3、Na2SO4、H2SO4、NaOH

? B.NaOH、Ca(OH)

2、HCl、Na2CO3

? C.HCl、H2SO4、Na2CO3、KNO3

? D.Na2SO4、Ba(OH)

2、H2SO4、HCl

? 4.下列各組物質(zhì)的溶液，不另加任何試劑就能一一區(qū)別開的是(? A.NaOHCuCl2HCl

?B.Na2CO3HClCaCl2

? C.KNO3MgCl2KOH

? D.NaClKClAgNO3

? 5.下列四組溶液，不用其他試劑和試紙就能區(qū)別開來的一組是(? A、HCl、Na2CO3、BaCl2、Na2SO4

?B、H2SO4、Na2CO3、Na2SO4、H2O

? C、NaCl、HCl、NaOH、Na2SO4

? D、HCl、NaOH、NaCl、H2O))

第二篇：分子原子離子_培優(yōu)試題

分子、原子、離子 培優(yōu)試題

一、構成物質(zhì)的粒子

1、在下列四個化學式中，是由原子直接構成物質(zhì)的是()A.CO2 B.Hg C.H2O2 D.Fe3O4

2、能夠保持氧氣的化學性質(zhì)的微觀粒子是()A.氧氣 B.氧原子 C.氧分子 D.氧離子

3、下列粒子(微粒)中不能直接構成物質(zhì)的是()A.原子 B.分子 C.離子 D.電子 4、20世紀20年代，就有人預言可能存在由4個氧原子構成的氧分子(O4)，但一直沒有得到證實。最近，意大利的科學家使用普通氧分子和帶正電的氧離子制造出了這種新型氧分子，并用質(zhì)譜儀探測到了它的存在。下列敘述中正確的是()A.O4是一種新型的化合物 B.一個O4分子中含有2個O2分子 C.O4和O2的性質(zhì)完全相同 D.O4和O2混合后形成的是混合物

5、榴蓮被譽為“果中之王”。切開榴蓮時可聞到特殊香味，這說明()A．分子質(zhì)量很小 B．分子體積很小 C．分子在不斷運動 D．分子間有間隔

6、航天員專用的小分子團水具有飲用量少、在人體內(nèi)儲留時間長、排放量少等特點。航天員一次飲用125mL小分子團水，可維持人體6h正常需水量。下列關于小分子團水的說法中正確的是()A.水分子的化學性質(zhì)被改變了 B.小分子團水中水分子間沒有間隙

C.小分子團水中水分子停止了運動 D.小分子團水的部分物理性質(zhì)與普通水有所不同

7、根據(jù)下列微粒的結構示意圖(圓圈內(nèi)“+”號和數(shù)字表示帶正電的質(zhì)子的數(shù)目，弧線上數(shù)字代表各電子層帶負電的電子的數(shù)目），其中屬于陽離子的是（）

8、分子是構成物質(zhì)的一種粒子。下列有關水分子的敘述正確的是（）A．受熱時水分子的體積逐漸變大 B．降溫時水分子的化學性質(zhì)發(fā)生改變

C．反應時構成水分子的原子種類發(fā)生改變 D．電解水生成氫氣和氧氣說明水分子是可分的

9、在下列四種物質(zhì)中，是由分子直接構成物質(zhì)的是()A.紅磷 B.Hg C.H2O2 D.Fe3O4 10、2011年3月，日本福島發(fā)生了核泄漏事故，核電站泄漏出來的放射性物質(zhì)中含有銫—137，過量攝入銫—137會使人的造血系統(tǒng)和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)受到損傷。已知銫—137的質(zhì)子數(shù)為55，中子數(shù)為82，下列有關銫—137的說法正確的是（）A.銫—137原子的核外電子數(shù)為82 B.銫—137的相對原子質(zhì)量為137 g C.銫—137原子的核電荷數(shù)為55 D.銫—137屬于非金屬元素

11、隨著日本福島核電站放射性碘泄漏，碘這種元素被人們所認知。下圖是元素周期表中提供的碘元素的部分信息及碘原子的結構示意圖。下列說法錯誤．．的是（）A.碘的相對原子質(zhì)量為126.9，原子核內(nèi)質(zhì)子數(shù)為53 B.碘原子核外共有53個電子，最外層有7個電子

C．碘元素屬于非金屬元素，能形成碘分子I2 D.碘原子核內(nèi)的中子數(shù)也為53

12、原子序數(shù)為94的钚（Pu）是一種核原料，該元素一種原子的質(zhì)子數(shù)和中子數(shù)之和為239，下列關于該原子的說法不正確的是（）

A、中子數(shù)為145 B、核外電子數(shù)為94 C、質(zhì)子數(shù)為94 D、核電荷數(shù)為239

13、從下列粒子的結構示意圖得出的結論中，錯誤的是()

A．①④屬于同種元素

B．②③④屬于離子

C．⑤易失去電子成為陽離子

D．①⑤的結構不穩(wěn)定

14、下列有關鎂和氯兩種元素的說法錯誤的是（）

A、鎂離子的符號是Mg2+

B、氯元素的原子序數(shù)為17 C、鎂是金屬元素、氯是非金屬元素 D、鎂元素和氯元素形成的物質(zhì)是MgCl

15、（2008·南昌）下列四種粒子的結構示意圖中，屬于稀有氣體元素的原子是

（）

16、下圖是鈉與氯氣(Cl2)反應生成氯化鈉的模擬圖。下列說法不正確的是()

A.鈉原子最外層電子數(shù)為1，容易失去這1個電子 B.氯原子最外層電子數(shù)為7，容易得到1個電子

C.最外層電子的得與失在化學反應中起著重要作用 D.氯化鈉由氯化鈉分子直接構成的

17、下列描述錯誤的是()

A.化學變化中原子是最小的粒子 B.化學反應的本質(zhì)是分子的破裂，原子的重新組合 C.分子是由原子構成的 D.分子可以再分，而原子不可再分

18、學好化學，必須要熟悉物質(zhì)的組成與分類。下列各圖示表示化合物的是（）

19、生活中的下列現(xiàn)象，用分子的相關知識解釋不正確的是()A.濕衣服晾在太陽底下干得快，說明分子運動速率與溫度有關 B.成熟的菠蘿蜜會散發(fā)出濃濃的香味，說明分子在不斷地運動 C.水沸騰時，掀起壺蓋，說明分子大小隨溫度升高而增大 D.液化石油氣須加壓后貯存在鋼瓶中，說明分子之間有間隙

20、下列粒子在化學反應中容易得到電子的是()A.B.C.D.21.絕大多數(shù)原子的原子核中含有

（）

A．質(zhì)子、中子、電子

B．質(zhì)子、電子

C．中子、電子

D．質(zhì)子、中子

21、下圖中的①、②是氟元素、鈣元素在元素周期表中的信息，A.B.C.D是四種粒子的結構示意圖。

請你回答：

(1)氟元素的相對原子質(zhì)量為，鈣元素的原子序數(shù)為 ；(2)X= ；(3)B原子的最外電子數(shù)是，容易（得到或失去）電子，然后變成(填序號)；(4)A粒子的化學性質(zhì)與B.C.D中哪一種粒子的化學性質(zhì)相似(填序號)；(5)達到相對穩(wěn)定結構的是(填序號)；

22、圖A是兩種元素在元素周期表中的信息，圖B是氟原子的原子結構示意圖。

(1)圖A方框的橫線上填的是，圖B方框的橫線上的數(shù)學是。(2)鈉元素屬于(填“金屬”或“非金屬”)元素。

23、下表為元素周期表中某一周期元素的原子結構示意圖。請回答下列問題：

(1)表中磷原子的核電荷數(shù)x=___________。

(2)表中具有相對穩(wěn)定結構的元素是_____ _。

(3)在化學反應中，每個鋁原子失去________個電子形成鋁離子。

(4)屬于金屬元素的是，非金屬元素是（寫元素符號）。(5)上述元素在周期表中處于同一周期的原因是____ ___。

24、根據(jù)下列裝置圖，按要求回答有關問

題：

（1）寫出圖中帶有標號儀器的名稱：a。

（2）實驗室用過氧化氫溶液和二氧化錳制取并收集氧氣應選用的裝置為（填序號），檢驗氧氣已經(jīng)收集滿的方法是。

（3）實驗室用加熱氯酸鉀和二氧化錳混合物的方法制取并收集較干燥的氧氣時，應選用的裝置是（填序號），反應的文字表達式為 ；（4）若實驗室用加熱高錳酸鉀的方法制取并用排水法收集氧氣時，發(fā)現(xiàn)收集到的氧氣帶有紫紅色，這主要是因為。

（5）實驗室用分解過氧化氫溶液的方法制取氧氣。常溫下，在試管中分別加入下列物質(zhì)，把帶火星的木條伸入試管，不能使木條復燃的是。A.5mL5%的過氧化氫溶液

B.5mL5%的過氧化氫溶液和少量二氧化錳 C.5mL5%的過氧化氫溶液和少量硫酸銅溶液 D.5mL5%的過氧化氫溶液和少量紅磚粉末

第三篇：中考化學物質(zhì)鑒別專題訓練

九年級化學導學案20課時物質(zhì)鑒別 做題原則：(1)加試劑鑒別：

方法：向待鑒別的物質(zhì)中加入試劑后，能產(chǎn)生不同現(xiàn)象從而可以鑒別出各種物質(zhì)。例：1.能一次區(qū)分出氯化鈉、碳酸鈉、氯化鋇三種溶液的一種溶劑是（）

A.石蕊試液B.氫氧化鈉溶液C.稀硫酸

D.鹽酸

例2.用兩種方法區(qū)分兩瓶無色溶液分別是氫氧化鈉和氫氧化鈣？

例3.有兩瓶無色溶液，它們是碳酸鈉和氯化鈉，如何區(qū)分？

(2)不加任何試劑鑒別：

方法：先找出里面有顏色的物質(zhì)，然后把它加到剩余的物質(zhì)中，根據(jù)明顯的實驗現(xiàn)象（沉淀、氣體)鑒別出第二種物質(zhì)，以此類推。

例4 不用任何其它試劑，能鑒別出 ①MgSO4②KCl③CuSO4④NaOH，順序為

例5 下列各組物質(zhì)的溶液，不用其它試劑就可以將它們區(qū)別開的是（）A.HClNaOHNa2CO3Na2SO4

B.HCl

Cu(NO3)

2NaOHNaNO3C.NaOHMgSO4Na2CO3H2SO4D.BaCl2

Na2SO4

Ca(NO3)2

CaCl2

課堂練習：

1、只用一種試劑就能將Na2CO3NH4Cl、NaCl 三種溶液區(qū)分開來的是（）

A、澄清石灰水B、CaCl2溶液C、NaOH溶液D、稀鹽酸

2、只用一種試劑就可將Ba(OH)

2、稀硫酸、KOH三種溶液鑒別出來的是（）

A、K2CO3溶液B、NaCl溶液C、石蕊試液D、酚酞試液

3、欲鑒別石灰水、稀鹽酸、蒸餾水三瓶失去標簽的無色液體，提供的試劑有：①純

堿溶液 ②紫色石蕊 ③酚酞試液。只用一種試劑可將它們鑒別出來的是（）A、只有①B、只有②C、①或②D、①或②或③

4、利用無色酚酞可以鑒別的一組溶液是（）A、BaCl2、H2SO4、HClB、NaOH、KOH、HClB、K2CO3、Na2CO3、HClD、NaCl、NaOH、HCl5、只用一種試劑就能將(NH4)2SO4、NH4Cl、NaCl、Na2SO4四種溶液區(qū)分開來，這種試劑是（）

A、AgNO3溶液B、BaCl2溶液C、NaOH溶液D、Ba(OH)2 溶液

6、用一種試劑區(qū)別硫酸銅、氯化鎂、氯化鐵、氯化鈉四種物質(zhì)，這種試劑是（）A、硝酸銀B、氫氧化鈉C、氯化鋇D、鹽酸

7、要鑒別NaCl、MgCl2、酚酞 三瓶無色溶液，可選用下列試劑中的（）A、AgNO3溶液B、HCl溶液C、石蕊試液D、NaOH溶液

8、下列各組稀溶液中,利用組內(nèi)物質(zhì)相互反應，就能加以鑒別的是（）A、Na2CO3、H2SO4、HCl、KNO3B、CuSO4、KOH、NaCl、NaOHC、Na2SO4、Na2CO3、BaCl2、HNO3D、NaNO3、MgCl2、KCl、Ba(OH)

29、不用其它任何試劑鑒別下列5種物質(zhì)的溶液：① NaOH ② MgSO4 ③Ba(NO3)2④ Cu(NO3)2 ⑤ KNO3，被鑒別出來的正確順序是（）A、⑤④③②①B、④③①②⑤C、④①②③⑤D、②③①④⑤

10、現(xiàn)有①NaOH ②Al2(SO4)3 ③Ba(NO3)2 ④FeCl3 ⑤NaCl 五種溶液，不用其它試劑，要用最簡便的方法，被鑒別出來的物質(zhì)順序是（）A、①②③④⑤B、④①②③⑤C、②③①④⑤D、④⑤②③①

11、下列溶液，不用外加試劑（可組內(nèi)結合）鑒別出來的先后順序是（）①氯化鐵②硝酸鉀③氯化鎂④氫氧化鈉 A、①②③④B、①④③②C、④①②③C、①③④②

學完本專題，你有什么收獲

第四篇：培優(yōu)專項訓練八

培優(yōu)專項訓練八

Unit 8 主題閱讀

閱讀理解

A

Zhao Hua is a student from a university.He has led a group of university student volunteers since last year.They help children at a primary school with their studies and daily lives.“ When I was a small child,” Zhao said, “ I knew March 5th was a day for people to learn from Lei Feng and help others, but I didn?t know the real meaning of the spirit of Lei Feng.Now when I see the smiling faces of the kids I have helped, I deeply understand Lei Feng.Helping others makes me happy.”Lei Feng（1940—1962）is one of the best-known soldiers in Chinese history.He lost his parents when he was very young.His neighbors brought him up.He died in an accident at the age of 22.He did manymoney to the parents of another soldier, and bought a ticket for a woman he didn?t know without telling her his name.On March 5th,1963, Chairman Mao called on people to “ Learn from Lei Feng” and made the day“Lei Feng Day”.Today almost 50 years has passed since Lei Feng?s death.Some people say that the spirit of Lei Feng is out.There have been many reports about the coldness(冷漠)of people towards strangers.This has made many Chinese people think deeply about themselves.Many people think we need to promote(提倡)that spirit again.The important thing is that we must be ready to help others and make it a habit.1.Which day is “Lei Feng Day”？

A.May 3 rd.B.May 5 th.C.March 3 rd.D.March 5 th.2.Who brought Lei Feng up?

A.His parents.B.Chairman Mao.C.His neighbors.D.Soldiers.3.The underlined phrase “good deeds” means _________ in Chinese.A.好人B.好事C.好夢D.好主意

4.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A.Lei Feng gave his money to another soldier?s

parents.B.Lei Feng bought a ticket for a woman and he

told his name to her.C.Lei Feng always helped others.D.We should learn from Lei Feng.5.What?s the best title(標題)of this passage ?A.Lei Feng?s SpiritB.Lei Feng?s death

C.Lei Feng?s good neighborsD.University Student Volunteers

B

Like many people, I have no clear idea about heroes.At some point, we all wonder if we need a hero and what a hero really is.Although there are a lot of differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics(特點)which give us courage and make us want to learn from them.A hero does something worth talking about.A hero has a special story to tell and people think highly of it.But a hero is not just the person with great fame(聲譽).A hero has powers(力量)larger than himself.Some people want to live like a hero, and they have to experience life with a new and further meaning.A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom they serve.What do they want to live and die for? If the answer suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.the power to move people.He creates new possibilities.Without Gandhi, India might still be part of Britain.Without Martin Luther King, Jr., Americans might take different buses, eat in different restaurants, go for walks in different parks, and shop in different stores because of the different colours of their skin.There might be changes in society without a hero, but the speed of change would be rather slow.Thanks to heroes in history, they make the society develop so rapidly.1.According to this passage, a hero is a person who always ________.A.gives us courage

B.thinks highly of othersC.shares great fame

D.stands on the mountaintop

2.If you want to live like a hero, you should _______.A.experience a new and meaningful lifeB.listen to something worth talking aboutC.serve your own fame and try to be famous D.know where and how you want to live and die 3.The underlined word “vision” in the passage means “__________”.A.風景B.想象C.遠見D.形象

4.Black people in America used to __________ before Martin Luther King, Jr..A.shop at the white?s storesB.drive buses with the whiteC.take walks in the white?s parksD.eat in restaurants without the white5.What can we learn from the passage?

A.We don?t need heroes anymore at some point now.B.Heroes are all the same though different in cultures.C.People get powers from heroes to move to a new place.D.Our society has developed faster because of heroes in history.綜合提升訓練

（八）I.單項選擇

1.This is ________interesting story and it is also ________ useful one.A.an;anB.an;theC.an;aD.a;a 2.I don?t like this one.Please show me ________ one.A.otherC.anotherA.Germen

B.the othersD.the other oneB.Germany

D.Germans

3.There are five ________over there.C.Germanys

4.I think you can do the work ________.A.yourselfB.myselfC.himselfD.your 5.The ________of the planes made us feel sick.A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.smell 6.________ good health you have!

A.How aB.What aC.HowD.What

7.This plane is made ________ paper and it was made ________ my mother last night.A.of;byB.from;byC.with;forD.in;with

8.They all looked ________at the teacher and felt very ________.A.happy;happyC.happy;happily A.many

B.happily;happilyD.happily;happy C.littleD.a lot of

9.It was a dry year.We?ve had ________ rain.B.a few

10.Could you tell me when the meeting ________? A.beginB.beginsC.will beginD.beginning

11.I don?t know the school, but it?s ________ to be quite a good one.A.told B.spokenC.talkedD.said A.is finished

B.was finished

12.When your homework ________, you may go home.C.will be finishedD.has finished

13.When I looked into the room, I found Philip himself ________ in bed.A.lies

B.lyingC.lay

D.lie

14.The Wangs ________here for ten years.A.is livingB.have livedC.has livedD.lives

15.They ________the station ________the train started.A.won?t leave;until

B.not leave;untilD.left;until

C.didn?t leave;until II．完形填空

Ever since I was little, my favourite season was winter.I loved to play in the snow and enjoyed the hot chocolate.winter never gave me the special gift of snow on my birthday.I would ask my it didn?t snow on my birthday.She would laugh and tell me I asked too many questions.one day, she promised that she would make it snow on my next

birthday.That year, my birthday, my grandmother died.I was sad but angry because she had promised to make it snow.The day of my sixth birthday, I woke up and ran to the window, hoping to see just one snowflake(雪花).But there was no.I felt mad at my grandmother.She had broken a promise.By my sixteenth birthday, I , even though I still wished for it.During my party, I stayed with my friends and family and was truly Then I saw the white snow down all around.I was so excited that I ran around screaming and laughing.My friends all laughed me, but I didn?t care.When I home, my grandpa said he had a gift for me.I was given me a gift.It was a small white box, which looked old.I opened it.There was a crystal snowflake(冰晶雪花)with a card that , “Happy Birthday.”

How could this be? My grandpa said it was my grandmother?s final on my “sweet I was that my smiling grandmother angel was and had been watching over me.B.Unluckily

sixteenth”.I cried.16.A.Certainly

C.ImportantlyD.Luckily

17.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why 18.A.ButB.OrC.Then19.A.onB.afterC.before21.A.had gotC.had found

D.So D.in

20.A.seasonB.snowC.breakfastD.winter

B.had madeD.had lost

D.feared

22.A.happyB.sadC.angryD.sorry 23.A.hadB.wasC.played24.A.fell

C.disappearingD.falling25.A.withB.atC.from

D.off

D.flew

26.A.arrived atB.reached atC.got

B.standing

27.A.excitedB.surprisedC.pleasedD.sad 28.A.wroteB.saidC.explainedD.appeared 29.A.orderB.mistakeC.wishD.decision 30.A.sureB.angryC.sadD.confident III.閱讀理解

Mrs.Blanches? husband went off on a business trip to America.He planned to leave New York for Washington.He wanted to catch the 4:00 pm plane to Washington.It was seven o?clock in the afternoon.Mrs.Blanches received a telephone call from her husband.He told her that he was still at the New York airport.Mrs.Blanches was so surprised and asked him what happened.“What happened, honey?” asked Mrs.Blanches.“Well,” said Mr.Blanches.“I really don?t know what happened, honey.Everything was going fine.At half past three, I got my air ticket, checked my luggage and waited in line at the gate.I walked across the runaway(飛機跑道)to the airport and on my way I saw one of my old friends.Have you

remembered him? His name is Jack Smith.Now Jack Smith is an engineer who works at the airport.I was excited that I shouted to him.I came up and wanted to shake hands with Jack.But a policeman ran to me quickly and caught me.”

“Why did he catch you?” Mrs.Blanches asked.“I don?t know,” said Mr.Blanches.All I said was“Hi,Jack!”

“Yeah, that is why they wouldn?t let you go,” said Mrs.Blanches.“They thought you were going to do harm to the whole plane.Only terrorists want to take control of a plane, and that is called ?

31.What was Mrs.Blanches? husband?s destination(目的地)? A.Washington, America.B.South America.C.New York.D.The New York airport.32.Where was Mr.Blanches when he called his wife? A.He was on the airport to Washington.B.He was still at the New York Airport.C.He was in Washington.D.He was on the railway station.33.Who was Jack Smith?

A.Mr.Blanches? new customer.B.Mr.Blanches? old customer.C.Mr.Blanches? brother.D.Mr.Blanches? friend.34.What does the underlined word mean in Chinese？

A.恐怖B.逮捕C.劫機 D.別動

35.Why did the policeman catch Mrs.Blanches? husband?

A.Because they thought he was going to do harm to the plane.B.Because they wanted to get his help in catching terrorists.C.Because they knew that he was a terrorist.D.Because Mrs.Blanches asked them to do so.IV．詞匯運用

36.Please help _______(你自己)to some fish, Tom.Don?t be so shy.37.Man can?t live ________(沒有)water, so we must make good use of it.38.Please listen to the speaker _________(仔細地)when he speaks.39.She is such a pleasant and _________(有幫助的)girl that we all like her.40.The foreign teachers in our school are from Germany.They are ________(德國人).V.句型轉換

對畫線部分 提問)

_________ _________ does a football match last?

42.The old lady was so tired that she couldn?t go any further.(改為簡單句)

The old lady was _________ _________ to go any further.43.Their new house is twice as big as the old one.(改為同義句)

Their new house is twice _______ ________of the old one.44.I wonder how I can get to the nearest underground station.（改為同義句）I wonder ________ _______get to the nearest underground station.45.If you do exercise a lot, you will be healthy.（改為同義句）

The ______ exercise you do, the _______ you will be.

第五篇：離子濃度大小的比較專題訓練

離子濃度大小的比擬專題訓練

1．0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液和0.1mol/LNH4Cl溶液，等體積混合后，離子濃度大小正確的選項是

A.c(Na+)＞c(Cl-)＞c(OH-)＞c(H+)

B.c(Na+)＝c(Cl-)＞c(OH-)＞c(H+)

C.c(Na+)＝c(Cl-)＞c(H+)＞c(OH-)

D.c(Cl-)＞c(Na+)＞c(OH-)＞c(H+)

2．在0.1mol/L的NaHCO3溶液中，以下關系式正確的選項是.A.c(Na+)＞c(HCO3-)＞c(H+)＞c(OH-)

B.c(Na+)＋c(H+)＝c(HCO3-)＋c(OH-)＋2c(CO32-)

C.c(Na+)＝c(HCO3-)＞c(OH-)＞c(H+)

D.c(Na+)＝c(HCO3-)＋c(CO32-)＋c(H2CO3)

3．設氨水的pH＝x，某鹽酸的pH＝y(tǒng)，x+y＝14，且x>11。將上述兩溶液分別取等體積充分混合后，所得溶液中各離子濃度由大到小的順序是

A.c(Cl-)>c(NH4+)>c(H+)>c(OH-)

B.c(NH4+)>c(Cl-)>c(H+)>c(OH-)

C.c(NH4+)>c(Cl-)>c(OH-)>c(H+)

D.c(Cl-)>c(NH4+)>c(OH-)>c(H+)

4．等體積等濃度的MOH強堿溶液和HA弱酸溶液混和后，混和液中有關離子的濃度應滿足的關系是

A.c(M+)>c(OH-)>c(A-)>c(H+)

B.c(M+)>c(A-)>c(H+)>c(OH-)

C.c(M+)>c(A-)>c(OH-)>c(H+)

D.c(M+)>c(H+)

=c(OH-)+c(A-)

5．以下溶液中,陰離子濃度最大的是:

A.0.5mol/L

H2SO4溶液50mL

B.0.6mol/L

Al2(SO4)3溶液35mL

C.0.8mol/L

NaCl溶液70mL

D.0.7mol/L

Na2CO3溶液60mL

6．有五瓶溶液分別是①10毫升0.60摩/升NaOH水溶液

②20毫升0.50摩/升硫酸水溶液

③30毫升0.40摩/升HCl溶液

④40毫升0.30摩/升CH3COOH水溶液

⑤50毫升0.20摩/升蔗糖水溶液。以上各瓶溶液所含離子、分子總數(shù)的大小順序是

A.①>②>③>④>⑤

B.②>①>③>④>⑤

C.②>③>④>①>⑤

D.⑤>④>③>②>①

7．實驗測得常溫下0.1mol/L某一元酸(HA)溶液的pH值等于1，0.1mol/L某一元堿(BOH)溶液里c(H+)/c(OH-)＝10-12。將此兩種溶液等體積混合后，所得溶液呈的各離子的濃度由大到小排列的順序是

A．c(B+)＞c(A-)＞c(OH-)＞c(H+)

B．c(A-)＞c(B+)＞c(H+)＞c(OH-)

C．c(B+)＝c(A-)＞c(H+)＝c(OH-)

D．c(B+)＞c(A-)＞c(H+)＞c(OH-)

8．將7.8g鐵粉參加200mL2mol/L的HNO3溶液中，使之充分反響放出NO氣體，所得溶液中主要離子濃度的大小關系是

A．c(NO3-)＞c(Fe2+)＞c(Fe3+)＞c(H+)

B．c(NO3-)＞c(Fe3+)＞c(Fe2+)＞c(H+)

C．c(Fe2+)＞c(Fe3+)＞c(NO3-)＞c(H+)

D．c(Fe2+)＞c(NO3-)＞c(Fe3+)＞c(H+)

9．將100毫升0.1摩/升的BaCl2溶液參加到100毫升0.2摩/升的H2SO4溶液中，那么溶液中存在的離子濃度關系是

A．

c(H+)>c(Cl-)>

c(SO42-)

c(Ba2+)

B．c(Cl-)>

c(H+)>c(SO42-)

>c(Ba2+)

C．

c(H+)>c(SO42-)>c(Ba2+)>

c(Cl-)

D

．c(Cl-)>

c(H+)>c(Ba2+)>c(SO42-)

10．0.1mol/LKHSO4和0.1mol/LNa2S溶液等體積混合后，溶液能使pH試紙變藍，那么離子濃度關系正確的選項是

A

c(SO42－)

＞

c(HS－)

＞

c(OH－)

＞

c(H＋)

B

c(Na＋)

＞

c(K＋)

＞

c(H＋)

＞

c(OH－)

C

c(Na＋)＝c(S2－)＋c(H2S)＋c(HS－)＋c(SO42－)

D

c(Na＋)＋c(K＋)＋c(H＋)＝c(SO42－)＋c(S2－)＋c(HS－)＋c(OH－)

11．用2mol/L的NaOH溶液滴定pH=5的HCN溶液100mL至中性，此時溶液中各離子濃度關系正確的選項是

A．

c(Na＋)>c(CN－)>c(OH－)>c(H＋)

B．c(CN－)>c(Na＋)>c(H＋)>

c(OH－)

C．

c(Na＋)+c(CN－)=2mol/L

D．c(Na＋)+c(OH－)=

c(CN－)+c(H＋)

12．0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液0.2L，通入448mL〔標準狀況〕H2S氣體，所得溶液離子濃度大小關系正確的選項是

A．

c(Na+)>c(HS-)>c(OH-)>c(H2S)>c(S2-)>c(H+)

B．c(Na+)+c(H+)=c(HS-)+c(S2-)+

c(OH-)

C．

c(Na+)

=c(H2S)+c(HS-)+c(S2-)+c(OH-)

D．

c(S2-)+c(OH-)=c(H+)+c(H2S)

13．將0.2mol/LCH3COOK與0.1

mol/L鹽酸等體積混合后，溶液中以下微粒的物質(zhì)的量濃度關系正確的選項是

A．c(CH3COO-)=c(Cl-)=c(H+)>c（CH3COOH)

B．c(CH3COO-)=c(Cl-)

>c（CH3COOH)

>c(H+)

C．c(CH3COO-)>c(Cl-)>c(H+)>c（CH3COOH)

D．c(CH3COO-)>c(Cl-)>c（CH3COOH)

>c(H+)

14．一元酸HA溶液中，參加一定量強堿MOH溶液后，恰好完全反響，反響后的溶液中，以下判斷正確的選項是

A．c(A-)≥c(M+)

B.c(A-)≤c(M+)

C.假設MA不水解,那么c(OH-)

D.假設MA水解,那么c(OH-)>c(A-)

15．將0.2mol/L的NH4NO3溶液與0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液等體積混合，以下有關混合溶液中微粒的濃度關系正確的：

A．c(NH4+)=c(Na+)＞c(OH－)＞c(NH3·H2O)

B．c(NH4+)=c(Na+)＞c(NH3·H2O)

＞c(OH－)

C．c(NH4+)＞c(Na+)＞c(NH3·H2O)

＞c(OH－)

D．c(NH4+)+c(Na+)+c(H+)＝c(OH－)+c(NO3－)