第一篇:專業(yè)八級英語備考資料之寫作篇
【題目】
A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community.Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position.【范文】
A Factory near the Neighborhood
Having a factory near where one lives brings with it both advantages and disadvantages.An obvious advantage is an increase in the number of available jobs, and many people in the
community might find employment in the new factory.The factory would bring money into the community in other ways as well.It would have to pay some taxes to the local government, and workers might go shopping or eat at a restaurant in the area before or after their shifts.However, the factory would bring some disadvantages, too.Depending on what kind of factory it is, it might pollute the environment and bring down property values.It would be sure to increase traffic in the area, causing congestion and making it unsafe for children to play outside.Finally, the neighborhood would become a noisy, busy place.For all of these reasons, I would be opposed to the construction of a new factory near my community.While the employment
opportunities would help the community, I believe it would be better for residents to commute to work and preserve the peace of our neighborhood.二
Many people visit museums when they travel to new places.Why do you think people visit museums? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.People love to visit museums when traveling to new places.I think this is because museums tell them a lot about the culture of those places.Museums are also fun.It’s almost impossible to get bored in a museum.Every museum will have at least one thing of interest to somebody.When visiting someplace new, you can find out about the culture of that place in many ways.You can go to a movie or a place of worship or a nightclub.Another option is to sit in the park and listen to the people around you.The easiest way to learn about a place's culture, though, is by visiting its museums.Museums will show you the history of the place you're visiting.They’ll show you what art the locals think is important.If there aren't any museums, that tells you something, too.Museums are fun.Even if you're not interested in art or history, there is always something to get your attention.Many museums now have what they call “hands-on” exhibits.These were originally designed to keep children occupied while their parents were looking at exhibits.However, museums have found that adults enjoy hands-on opportunities just as much as children.These exhibits have activities like pushing a button to hear more about what you're looking at, creating your own work of art, or trying on clothes like those on the models in the museum.People also enjoy visiting museums about unusual subjects.For instance, in my hometown there's a museum devoted to the potato.This museum has art made out of potatoes.It also tells all about the history of the potato, and sells potato mementos like key chains and potato dolls.People enjoy visiting this museum because it's different.It’s not something they'd find in their hometown and the museum's curator enjoy talking about the Great Potato.Museums are popular because they are about us.They reflect our creations, our values, and our dreams.No matter who you are or what you like, somewhere there is a museum that will amaze and interest you.三
1.When asked about the ongoing uproar involving U.S.President Bill Clinton, most people say the affair involves a purely private matter.But many other people regard his actions as deplorable.I personally think the president committed impeachable offences.當被問及對現(xiàn)在有關美國總統(tǒng)比爾?克林頓的沸沸揚揚的議論有什么看法時,大多數(shù)人認為這種曖昧關系純屬私事。但是,還有很多人認為他的行為應當受到譴責。我個人認為總統(tǒng)犯了這些過錯,應該被指控。
2.When it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in Beijing, some people think that use should be limited.Others argue that the opposite is true.There is probably some truth to both arguments, but emission controls must be instituted regardless of the number of vehicles.涉及北京機動車使用量增加這一問題,有的人認為應該限制使用。另一些人持相反意見。也許雙方的觀點都有一定道理,但是,無論車輛多少,必須對廢氣排放實行控制。
3.There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of itinerant workers.Those who object to the rising migrant population argue that increasing numbers lead to rising crime rates and harm social stability.They believe that strict limits should be placed on migrants entering China’s cities.But people who favor the influx of the cheap labor force, on the other hand, maintain that migrants are needed to support the massive urban infrastructure construction program.目前,針對流動工人的問題展開了普遍的爭論。反對流動工人增加的人認為這會導致犯罪率升高,從而危害社會穩(wěn)定。他們主張應該嚴格限制進入中國城市的流動工人。但是,另一方面,支持廉價勞動力流入的人主張,為了支持大規(guī)模的城市基礎設施建設規(guī)劃,流動人口是必需的。
4.It is widely acknowledged that extensive deforestation contributed to heavy summer flooding.Experts argue that China must introduce a massive forestation program.But I doubt whether forestation alone will solve the problem.人們普遍認為過度砍伐造成了夏季特大洪水。專家認為中國必須推行大規(guī)模的植樹造林計劃。但我對僅僅植樹造林就能解決問題表示懷疑。
5.Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems.But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides, I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness.大多數(shù)人認為財富為所有問題提供解決的辦法。但是,我認為,盡管財富提供物質上的利益,一個人應該放棄物質至上的追求,而是集中精力追求幸福。
6.Many people believe that capital punishment deters crime.But although criminologists have conducted exhaustive research regarding the subject, little evidence exists to support the claim.很多人相信極刑能阻止犯罪。但是,雖然刑事學家就這一課題做了詳盡的研究,幾乎沒有證據(jù)能支持這種說法。
7.An increasing number of people are joining the “Information Age “via the Internet.In reaction to the phenomenon, some say the Internet has removed barters and provided people with immediate access to the world.But do they realize that rapidly advancing information technology can also lead to intrusions of privacy?
越來越多的人通過互聯(lián)網進入了“信息時代”。針對這一現(xiàn)象,一些人認為互聯(lián)網消除了障礙,為人們提供了與世界即時鏈接的途徑。但是,他們有沒有意識到迅速發(fā)展的信息技術也能導致侵犯隱私?
8.The use of guan is a widespread method for conducting business, but is it a wise one? The method is now being challenged by more and more people.利用關系是做生意的普遍做法,但這種做法明智嗎?現(xiàn)在,越來越多的人對這種方法提出了質疑。
9.These days we often hear about the widening gap between the rich and poor.Some argue the developed world has totally ignored the problem.But has it? Close examination fails to bear out the argument.最近,我們經常聽到貧富差距擴大了的說法。一些人認為發(fā)達世界完全忽略了這個問題。事實是這樣嗎?細致的調查無法證實這一觀點。
10.We’re often told that the world is tethering on the brink of destruction.But is this really the case?
我們經常被告知世界處于毀滅的邊緣。但事實真是這樣嗎?
四
11.One of the pressing problems facing our nation(China)today is overcoming disparities in urban and rural income levels.我們國家(中國)如今面臨的緊迫問題之一是克服城鄉(xiāng)收入水平之間的差距。
12.One of the most serious problems many people talk about centers on the lack of adequate housing space.許多人談論的一個最嚴重的問題集中在缺乏足夠的居住空間。
13.Perhaps the most dangerous phenomenon gripping the nation today is official corruption, which is pervasive in all levels of government.也許當今困擾國家的最危險的現(xiàn)象是遍布各級政府的官員****。
14.Inflation is yet another new and bitter truth we must learn to face.通貨膨脹又是一個我們必須學會面對的痛苦的新情況。
15.the rapid expansion of urban areas has in many cases encroached on valuable cultivatable land, and led to a general recognition that development must not be carried at the cost of
agriculture.The government has attached greater importance to the problem and an increasing number of redundant projects are being terminated.城區(qū)的迅速擴大在很多情況下侵占了寶貴的可耕地,使人們普遍認識到發(fā)展不能以犧牲農業(yè)為代價。政府更加重視這個問題,越來越多的不必要的工程被終止。
16.There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for strengthened environmental protection.世界上越來越多的人認識到加強環(huán)境保護的必要性。
17.There has been a dramatic increase in the spread of HIV/AIDS in recent years, with a new study projecting that the dreaded disease will affect over 30 million people worldwide by the year 2005.近年來,艾滋病蔓延的幅度進一步擴大,一項新的研究預測,到2005年,世界上有超過三千萬人將感染這一可怕的疾病。
18.Working with the disabled cannot help but leave one impressed with their indefatigable desire.與殘疾人一起工作使一個人不得不對他們堅持不懈的渴望印象深刻。
19.Perhaps no issues are more controversial than euthanasia and abortion, both of which involve taking the life of a human being.也許沒有問題比安樂死和人工流產更有爭議性,它們都涉及結束一個人的生命。
20.Never before in history has the issue of overpopulation been more evident than now.歷史上,人口過剩的問題從來沒有比現(xiàn)在更加突出。
五 21.Perhaps it is time to reexamine the idea that college degrees are a guarantee of intelligence.也許現(xiàn)在是應該重新考慮大學為是智力的保證這種想法的時候了。
22.A growing number of people are beginning to realize that wealth is not the sole prerequisite for happiness.越來越多的人開始意識到財富不是幸福的惟一先決條件。
23.In spite of the extraordinary progress made in science and technology, problems remain in terms of guaranteeing that achievements benefit the greatest number of people.盡管科學技術取得了非凡的進步,但是在保證進步成果使盡可能多的人受益這方面還存在一些問題。
24.A famous thinker once wrote that “the greatest threat to mankind is mankind itself!” If this is indeed the case, then the current situation should make us ponder our future existence.一位著名的思想家曾經寫道:“對人類最大的威脅是人類自身!”如果事實確實如此,那么,現(xiàn)狀應該促使我們對我們未來的生存進行思索了。
25.U.S.President Harry Truman once remarked: “The buck stops here!” His view has been confirmed by numerous world leaders who have assumed full responsibility for their actions.美國總統(tǒng)杜魯門曾經說過:“責任止于此!”(意為勿再把責任往別處推,這是杜魯門辦公室桌上的座右銘)他的觀點得到了很多對自己的行動承擔完全責任的世界領袖的肯定。
26.Large families were once seen as a blessing.Today, however, things are changing and an increasing number of Chinese parents realize that fewer are better.大家庭曾經被看做是一種福氣。然而,今天,情況改變了,越來越多的中國家長意識到家庭成員越少越好。
27.People used to place total reliance on the government.The so-called “iron rice bowl” prevailed in the past, but things are quite different today.過去,人們習慣完全依靠政府。以前盛行所謂的“鐵飯碗”,但今天的情況有很大的不同。
28.several years ago, Chinese streets were filled with people wearing identical drab clothing.Today, however, things are quite different and the streets are awash with people wearing fashionable bright colored outfits.Why has the change taken place?
許多年前,中國大街上的人都穿一樣的灰褐色衣服。然而,今天的情況大不一樣了,街上滿是一個個身穿色彩艷麗的時髦衣服的人。出現(xiàn)這種變化的原因是什么呢?
29.Years of observing human behavior have enabled me to conclude that the major
difference between mediocrity and success lies solely with the individual concerned.Successful individuals consistently seek advancement, while their less industrious contemporaries are merely content with the status quo.對人們行為的多年觀察使我能夠得出這樣的結論:平庸和成功的主要區(qū)別僅僅在于相關的個人。成功的個人不斷尋求進步,而他們比較懶惰的同時代人僅僅滿足于現(xiàn)狀。
30.Traditional way of thinking has changed dramatically.The pendulum has swung and people are exhibiting greater open-mindedness and a burning desire to determine their own destiny.傳統(tǒng)的思維方式有了顯著的變化。輿論發(fā)生了劇變,人們表現(xiàn)出更開放的思想以及決定他們自己命運的強烈愿望。
六
Human life can not continue without science and technology.For many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind.So the life we are living now is more civilized than that of our fore fathers.The development of science and technology have brought about many changes in people's life.For example, the invention of television and space rocket have opened a new era for mankind.Through the use of TV people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away.Owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of man's landing on the moon has now come true.Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction.We may say, our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base.Without the base, the skyscraper can't be built.Therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country.
第二篇:專業(yè)八級寫作
專業(yè)八級寫作:關于準備和語言質量的問題
(2011-02-23 13:27:51)轉載▼ 標簽: 分類: 專四專八
tem-8 2011 專業(yè)八級 寫作 高分 新東方 王兆飛 教育
作者:王兆飛
高校英語專業(yè)八級考試大綱寫作部分規(guī)定:寫作部分設一題,20分,要求能根
據(jù)所給題目及要求撰寫各類體裁 文章,文章長度約400個單詞,能做到內容充實、語言通順、用詞恰當、表達得體。真題在Directions的最后會告知考生:“Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks”??荚嚂r間45分鐘。
就字數(shù)時間比來看,專八作文難度介于雅思和托福之間;就寫作體裁來看,迄今為止,歷年真題考的都是議論文;就出題形式來看,都是給出背景和題目的寫作;就寫作內容來看,考到的基本上都是考生比較熟悉的關于大學生的話題或社會常見話題。而且文章結構一律規(guī)定為三部分:introduction, body 和conclusion.從這些方面看,專八寫作對于學習英語專業(yè)達到三年或四年的學生來說并不是特別難的事。但每年仍有為數(shù)不少的考生失利,令人惋惜。
筆者認為,要考好專八作文,應從以下幾個方面入手。
首先,必須對以上提到的對作文部分的要求做到充分了解,按照要求寫作。有些同學由于輕視,只根據(jù)考試前自己看到的一些其他考試的英語寫作模版(如大學英語六級或研究生入學考試英語寫作模版)來對付八級,結果與考試要求的文章結構和字數(shù)不符,造成嚴重失分。其次,必須在考前的一段時間做嚴格的限時應試練習,以保證在考場上時間比較緊張的情況下發(fā)揮出自己真正的水平。通過練習,主要是提高自己兩個方面的素質:
一是進行邏輯思維的素質。與大學英語四、六級、考研以及專業(yè)四級考試不同,專八寫作要求的字數(shù)更多,更體現(xiàn)思維的深度和廣度,因此必須通過練習來促使自己提高邏輯思維的速度和質量。我固然會在課堂上教給大家一些常見的思維方法,如分類法、反證法、舉例法、因果法等等,但更具體的素材需要大家平時去積累。
另外,有關英語語言的素質。有些同學不愁沒話說,思維也很有廣度和深度,但英語語言還是存在問題。這里面有一部分同學是重視不夠,忽視了語法問題,出現(xiàn)了不少諸如單復數(shù)、冠詞、詞性等語法錯誤,甚至還有標點符號錯誤。而更多的同學是由于缺乏寫作練習,在用詞和造句方面做得不夠好。作為代表我國英語技能教育最高水平的考試,專八肯定會比國內其他英語考試更加重視語言的質量。其實也很簡單,就是用詞和造句的準確性和多樣性。這里的用詞準確既包括詞義準確,也包括搭配準確,還包括詞語的感情色彩和正式程度的準確;造句的多樣是指多種英語句式的靈活運用。這要求同學們平時一定要多做辨析詞義、熟記搭配的工作,并且模仿優(yōu)秀的文章進行寫作。
語言質量是閱卷人判分的主要依據(jù),一定要做到“少出錯,多出彩”。少出錯,即少犯語法和拼寫錯誤。常見的語法錯誤有句子結構疊置、簡單句連用、時態(tài)錯誤、主謂單復數(shù)不一致、代詞不一致、冠詞缺失、詞性錯誤等。這些錯誤是導致作文低分的主要原因,寫作的時候一定要謹慎。平時可以通過自改、互改、對照范文等方式來發(fā)現(xiàn)和改正這些錯誤。
多出彩,即多用些閃光的詞句。具體來說有兩個方面,一是準確,一是多樣。詞的準確要通過平時的詞義辨析和收集搭配來做到,在考場上沒有太大的發(fā)揮余地。而詞句的多樣是大有可為的,即不要總用哪一個詞或哪一種句型,應該有所變化,向閱卷人展示自己的詞匯量和句式之豐富。這里舉兩個例子。表示“認為”的時候不要老用“think”,根據(jù)上下文可以替換為believe, hold, deem, reckon, maintain, argue, claim, assert, contend, advocate, assume, suppose等等。還有句式方面,不要老用主動句,可以考慮使用被動句,如Some people believe that we should work out severer laws to tackle this problem.可以改為It is believed that severer laws should be worked out to tackle this problem.還有,不必老用肯定句,可以考慮換為雙重否定句。如:Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always find advertisements.可以改為It is impossible to pick up a newspaper without finding advertisements.另外,還可以將多個簡單句或并列分句改為由介詞詞組作狀語或插入語的復雜簡單句。如:Plastic surgery is the brainchild of modern medical science.It is a seemingly shortcut to beauty and has been employed by many as a means to change their destiny.可改為:As the brainchild of modern medical science, plastic surgery, a seemingly shortcut to beauty, has been employed by many as a means to change their destiny.最后,還可以將由人稱作主語的句子改為由事物作主語的無靈主語句。如:We can also learn English well at home.可改為:A good command of English is also accessible at home.其實這些單詞或句型大家都見過,只不過在考場寫作時要有“多樣化”的意識??梢哉f,不要總用第一反應的詞句,而應該give it a second thought,用第二甚至第三反應的說法。
專業(yè)八級人文知識與改錯沖刺篇
(2011-02-23 13:23:11)轉載▼ 標簽: 分類: 專四專八
tem-8 人文知識 改錯 2011 專業(yè)八級 新東方 黃培辰 教育
北京新東方學校 黃培辰
人文知識
八級考試在即,現(xiàn)將八級考試人文改錯部分的一些學習心得整理如下,供廣大考生參考。
一、概況部分的數(shù)字考點比較偏。注意用一些技巧處理這些數(shù)字,如百年戰(zhàn)爭的時間是1337年至1453年,玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭的時間是1455年至1485年,就可以這么背:1337-1453+2+30,由于百年百年戰(zhàn)爭之后就是玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭,兩者的間隔只有兩年時間,而玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭的時間長達三十年,就可以用上述的辦法把兩個數(shù)字聯(lián)系在一起,自然地從上一組時間背到下一組時間。
二、文學作品多,用口訣:比如說托馬斯哈代的作品多,背不下來的同學可以這么處理“托馬斯哈代在綠蔭下(Under the Greenwood Tree),遠離瘋狂的人群(Far From the Maddening Crowd), 還鄉(xiāng)(Return of the Native), 通過市長(The Mayor of Casterbridge)認識了苔絲(Tess of the D’urbervilles)和無名的裘德(Jude the Obscure),這幾部書的書名翻譯分別為:Under the Greenwood Tree:綠蔭下、Far from the Madding Crowd:遠離塵囂、The Return of the Native還鄉(xiāng)、The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特橋市長、Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔絲、Jude the Obscure無名的裘德,但是八級考試是選擇填空,一不考填空、二不考書名翻譯,這種情況下,印象深刻是最為重要的。畢竟背Tess比背D’urbervilles印象更深刻吧?這樣到了考試時,如果涉及到和較難書名的考題,只要還記得幾個關鍵詞匯,也能判斷出正確選項。
三、語言學概論要理解概念:理解概念但是不見得背誦概念,考試的時候不考解詞,所以對于概念的理解很重要,有的時候只要找到關鍵詞,然后確定答案。比如說形態(tài)學主要以研究單詞的內在結構,所以答案中最有可能出現(xiàn)的詞匯是structure,或者internal structure,這樣的話就可以把morph這個詞和structure這個詞直接建立聯(lián)想,注意尋找和structure有關的詞匯也就是正確答案了。改錯
語法改錯部分注意一些搭配用法。比如in spite of和despite,這些詞匯如果拿出來填空,那么肯定很多同學看得出來,可是現(xiàn)在是放在句子里面,能不能意識到就是兩回事了,經常弄反。再比如說,虛擬語氣If it had not been for?, he would(not)have done?.,這個句子結構中最容易考到的就是那個not, 如果在考題中寫If it had not been for confidence, Liu Xiang could have won his first title in 2004.這句話就是錯誤的,因為沒有not, 句子就成了“如果不是因為信心,劉翔本來會在2004年獲得冠軍。”,這樣就把意思正好說反了。類似的考法還包括result in/result from,主被動的還包括has(been)done/have(been)done,都是比較隱蔽的考法,值得最后再看一看。
專業(yè)八級閱讀題目分類解析
作者 張國帥 根據(jù)《高校英語專業(yè)八級考試大綱》的規(guī)定,閱讀理解的測試要求分為以下就幾項:1.能讀懂一般英美報刊雜志上的社論和書評。2.能讀懂有一定難度的歷史傳記和文學作品。3.能理解所讀材料的主旨大意;能理解字面意義和隱含意義;能根據(jù)所讀材料進行判斷和推理;能分析所讀材料的思想觀點、語編結構、語言特點和修辭手法。4.能在閱讀中根據(jù)需要自覺調整閱讀速度和閱讀技巧。5.考試時間是30分鐘。由此可見,八級考試對考生的要求還是非常高的。我們在英語專業(yè)八級測試的成績統(tǒng)計中可以發(fā)現(xiàn):雖然考生的閱讀能力明顯高于其他的能力,但也存在一定的問題,主要是:(1)部分考生的單詞、詞組以及語法的基本功還不過關,對閱讀理解做成不應該的影響;(2)考生的銜接能力不強;(3)沒有足夠的推理和判斷能力;(4)閱讀技能掌握不夠,運用上下文解決問題能力不強,整體理解力有待提高。為了解決這些問題我們有必要了解一下閱讀的一些基本層面。目前比較公認的將閱讀理解的過程分為四個層次:(1)字面理解(literal comprehension),主要是指讀者可以理解文章的單詞和句型,回想文章大意、細節(jié)、事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、順序和人物之間的關系、對比、人物特性和因果關系等等。
(2)推斷性理解(inferential comprehension),主要是指讀者根據(jù)字面意思推斷出字里行間的隱含意思,包括作者的意圖和觀點等。
(3)評價性理解(evaluative comprehension),主要是指讀者根據(jù) 自己的原則和觀點對文章進行分析和評價。(4)欣賞性理解(appreciative comprehension),指讀者最終對文章的寫作技巧、思 想水平等做出評價。
從上面的分類我們不難看出字面理解屬于淺層理解,它依靠讀者的語言知識即可完成。而推斷性理解屬于深層理解,它要依靠讀者的語言能力和閱讀技巧來完成。評價性理解和欣賞性理解屬于理解的最高境界,指讀者能根據(jù)文章的結構進行分析和邏輯判斷,從字里行間推測出作者隱含的意義和作者的觀點。讀者憑借自己的閱讀經驗和評判原則,分析、評價文章的優(yōu)劣、信息的真實性、事件的可能性和結論的合理性等,并表明自己的態(tài)度。結合閱讀過程的這四個不同層面,八級考試的閱讀題型一般分為五類,即細節(jié)題、主旨題、推斷題、詞義題和評價題。1.細節(jié)題是根據(jù)文章的內容、信息進行提問的。譬如以what, which, when, where, why 等開頭的問題。一般而言需要根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞在文章中找到相關語句,然后再結合上下文對這些語句進行進一步的分析。以2007年真題中的TEXT A 為例:本文主要闡釋了威爾士在英聯(lián)邦中的地位的逐漸改善。該篇文章第一題為細節(jié)題。
According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to A.maintain the present status among the nations.B.reduce legislative powers of England.C.create a better state of equality among the nations.D.grand more say to all the nations in the union.根據(jù)該詞所在的句子:The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom.這里的意思是,權力下放是為了使英國的各個地區(qū)之間能夠重建平衡,所以應該選C選項。再比如2007年TEXT C 的第三個小題。
Richard’ s behavior as death approached showed A.bravery and self-control B.wisdom and correctness C.devotion and romance D.chivalry and charity 根據(jù)文章第三段對查理死前情況的描述,我們可以看出他能夠勇敢而平靜得面對死亡,將財產分給好友或者是饋贈給慈善機構,而且原諒了射殺他的弓箭手。所以D選項是正確選項。解此題的關鍵在于對于單詞chivalry(騎士精神)的掌握。2.主旨題。該種題型主要考察文章的大意、作品基調、作者態(tài)度和目的等。出題形式通常為:“What does the passage mainly discuss?”, “Which of the following is the more appropriate tile for the passage?”。
3.推斷題。推斷題是根據(jù)作者暗示的信息和觀點或者是某段/某句的言外之意而提出的問題。這類問題不僅要求考生讀懂相關的文章內容,還要求考生能夠做出正確的推論。以2007真題中的TEXT A 為例:文章第五小題 According to Dyfan Jones, what has changed is A.people’s mentality B.pop culture C.town’s appearance
D.possibilities for the people 我們可以通過文章最后一段的內容:?is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago.“We used to think: We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh.Now I think that’s changing.” 推導出來威爾士人心態(tài)的變化。所以A應該是正確選項。
再比如,2007年的TEXT C 的第三篇文章的第四個小題: The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was A.cheated by his own successor.B.determined to take revenge on his enemies.C.more generous to his enemies than his successors.D.unable to influence the behavior of his successor 文章倒數(shù)第二段提到查理不僅原諒了射傷他的人而且還贈給他一些財物。文章最后卻告訴我們,查理去世后,放箭的人受剝皮酷刑而死,由此我們可以推斷出查理與他的繼任者相比對敵人更加的寬容大度。所以,C選項為正確選項。4.詞義題。此種題型用于測試考生對具體詞義或指代關系的識別能力。其題干類型經常為:“The word ‘attribute’ in line means?”/ “What does the underlined phrase in line 38 refer to? ” 我們以2007年真題第一篇文章的第二個小題為例:
The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means A.separatist B.conventional C.feudal D.political 該詞所在的句子是:?to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.從中我們可以看出,“centrifugal” 與“union”相對。所以A為正確選項。
5.評價題。此題型用于測試考生對文章風格、寫作手法等的分析能力。題干經常為:“What kind of writing technique does the writer use in the passage to?”/ “What are the ways the writer uses to create the gloomy impression in the passage?”
以2007年TEXT B 為例,該篇文章的第三個小題: What is the role of the 4th and 5th paragraphs in the development of the topic? A.To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves.B.To describe how women work and study in Kuwait.C.To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraphs.D.To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.文章的第二、三段主要談科威特婦女沒有選舉權。第四、五段著重論述科威特的婦女與其他海灣國家的婦女相比,已經享有了很大的自由。消極方面和積極方面的對比使我們選擇D為正確選項。
再比如2007年真題的第三篇文章的第六個小題。
The relation between the first and second paragraphs is that A.each presents one side of the picture B.the first generalizes, the second gives examples.C.the second is the logical result of the first D.both present Richard’s virtues and faults
通過閱讀文章可知第一段描述的是查理酷愛戰(zhàn)爭;第二段描述的是查理雖說驍勇善戰(zhàn),但他不殘暴而且仁慈慷慨。由此可知,這兩段話分別從不同的角度對查理的性格特點作了描述。所以選擇A項為正確選項。專業(yè)八級翻譯中主語的確定
(2011-02-23 13:18:30)轉載▼ 標簽: 分類: 專四專八
tem-8 翻譯 專業(yè)八級 唐靜 新東方 2011 教育
專業(yè)八級漢英翻譯中主語的確定
北京新東方學校唐靜
一、翻譯中的一個悖論
英語專業(yè)八級考試,可以說是我國組織的英語考試中最難的一級考試。而專業(yè)八級考試中的翻譯,則無疑是所有題型中最難,考察最全面的題型。因為翻譯不僅僅要考察學生對不同文體的把握,還要考察學生對英語和漢語兩種語言的駕馭能力。就英語專業(yè)八級的翻譯題型來說,既有英譯漢,又有漢譯英。那么,英漢翻譯和漢英翻譯,哪一個更難?大多數(shù)人會答曰:漢英翻譯更難。顯然,這看起來是一種合理的提問的方法,其實并非如此。英漢翻譯和漢英翻譯,沒有哪一個更難和不難的問題,只是因人而異,視個人的英語水平和翻譯水平而定。那么,為什么大多數(shù)中國人會有一種明顯的“漢英翻譯比英漢翻譯更難”的感覺呢?有回答這個問題,我們有必要了解一下翻譯的過程。
其實,無論是英漢翻譯,還是漢英翻譯,就翻譯的過程而言,只有兩個:一是對原文的理解,二是用譯文來表達。弄明白理解和表達這兩個過程,我們就可以清楚的看到,為什么大多數(shù)人會有一種“漢英翻譯更難”的論調了。
首先,有必要考查一下英漢翻譯的過程。如果做英漢翻譯的話,我們第一步需要理解英語,然后再把理解到的英語表達成為漢語就可以了。因為英語畢竟是我們的外語,所以大多數(shù)人認為,我們不懂英語是正常的。所以,無論英譯漢這個過程匯總,英語有多難或者有多簡單都沒有關系,我們可以查閱英語詞典得出比較正確的譯文。然后,換過來,漢譯英則不一樣了。那些認為漢譯英更難的人就認為,明明我們認識漢語,卻不能用地道的英語來翻譯,所以,漢譯英很難做。但是,如果我們這樣來想,在英譯漢的過程中,我們連第一步(理解英語)可能都無法完成;而漢譯英的話,好歹我們能完成翻譯的第一步(理解漢語原文)。沒有人能否認我們中國人,看不懂漢語吧?
二、專八漢英翻譯中主語的確定 1. 翻譯的單位
在翻譯中,最小的翻譯單位是什么?是篇章嗎?是段落嗎?是句子嗎?是單詞嗎?甚至是音節(jié)嗎?這是一個翻譯理論家長期以來爭論不休的一個話題。現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)翻譯家、翻譯理論家和翻譯實踐家都趨向于以篇章或者是整個問題為基本的翻譯單位。但是,對于初學翻譯的人來說,或者那些根本沒有掌握翻譯的人,要去應付一個翻譯考試的時候,筆者認為,句子可能是最好的翻譯單位。什么是句子?或者具體說來,在漢英翻譯中,要把漢語翻譯成英語,究竟什么是英語的句子?
柯林斯詞典對英語句子的定義是這樣的:A sentence is a group of words which, when they are written down, begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark.Most sentences contain a subject and a verb.具體說來,英語的句子可以這樣來定義:一個句子就是一組詞,在書面語中,每一個句子首詞的第一個字母大寫,句末用句號、問號或者感嘆號;大多數(shù)句子有主語和謂語。
根據(jù)英語句子的定義,我們可以清楚的知道,英語的句子中,大多數(shù)句子都有主語和謂語。那么漢英翻譯,只要我們能把漢語轉變成為準確通順的英語,就需要搭建英語的主語和謂語等句式結構。而英語本身語法非常嚴謹,邏輯非常嚴密的特點,所以,在漢英翻譯中,主語的確定就是成功構建英語句式結構的關鍵,也是保證英語譯文和漢語原文功能對等的關鍵。2. 確定漢語原文的主語為英語譯文的主語
1)把漢語原文中的主語直接翻譯成英語充當譯文的主語,這是一種最簡單、最可靠的對應方法,也是我們做漢英翻譯“定主語”的時候首先應該考慮的方法。如:
例1. 中華民族自古以來從不把人看作高于一切??。(06年試題)
The Chinese nation has never believed in hum supremacy.例2. 古來一切由成就的人,都很嚴肅地對待自己的生命。(05年試題)
Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously.以上兩個例子中,漢語句子的主語是名詞,由于名詞在英語句子中可以直接充當主語,所以在翻譯的時候可以直接對應下來,確定這個名詞為譯文的主語。
2)漢語和英語都有一個共同的特點,就是代詞可以充當主語,所以,我們當然還可以直接選用漢語原文中的代詞來充當英語譯文的主語。如:
例3. 在人際關系問題上我們不要太浪漫主義。(04年試題)We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations.例4. 得病以前,我受父母寵愛,在家中橫行霸道,一旦隔離,拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里,我頓覺打入冷宮,十分郁郁不得志起來。(03年試題)、Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family.Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavour and my wings clipped.3)在漢語中,除了上述名詞和代詞可以作主語之外,動詞也可以直接充當主語,英語的動詞原形則不能??墒牵覀兎浅G宄闹?,英語中的動名詞或者動詞不定式形式則可以充當主語。所以,如果我們要確定漢語的動詞主語來充當英語譯文的主語時,必須要使用這個動詞的動名詞形式或者不定式形式。如:
例5. 幫助真正的窮人,要比僅僅縮小貧富差距更有價值。幫助下層社會的人重新回到社會主流中來,符合所有人的利益。
Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities.And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the interests of all.例6. 推進現(xiàn)代化建設、完成祖國統(tǒng)一、維護世界和平與促進共同發(fā)展,是中國人民在新世紀的三大歷史任務。
To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard world peace and promote common development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century.3. 重新確定主語 由于漢語和英語兩種語言存在著較的的差異,有時候,確定漢語句子的主語為英語譯文句子主語的時候,常常會導致英語句子的邏輯比較混亂,而不能直接對應。所以,這時候,就有必要從原句中挑出其他詞來,充當英語譯文的主語。1)確定漢語原文的賓語為英語譯文的主語
賓語是動作所及的對象,常常是人或者物。在翻譯中,我們可以選擇漢語原文的賓語來充當英語譯文的主語。但是,在這種情況下,一般需要用英語的被動句式來翻譯。如:
例7. 偉大藝術的美學鑒賞和偉大的科學觀念的理解都需要智慧。
Wisdom is required both in appreciating great artistic works and in understanding great scientific concepts.說明:在這個例子中,我們可以看到,漢語的主語太長,如果直接用漢語原文的主語來充當英語譯文的主語,就顯得有點頭重腳輕。這個時候,我們就可以利用“英語句子多用被動句”的特點,確定漢語原文的賓語“智慧”來充當英語譯文的主語。
例8. 為了保證國民經濟持續(xù)、快速、健康地發(fā)展,我們必須加快國有企業(yè)的改革步伐。
The speed of reform of state-owned enterprises must be accelerated(stepped up)to ensure sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy.
說明:在這個例子中,漢語原文的主語應該是“我們”。但是,這個我們屬于泛指的,不專門針對某一個人或者某幾個人。當然,一方面,我們可以采用選取漢語原文的“我們”來充當英語譯文的主語,而把這個句子的譯文安排為“We must accelerate?”這樣一個結構。但是,直接選用漢語原文的賓語“國有企業(yè)的改革步伐”來充當英語譯文的主語,并且不提出這個泛指的主語“我們”,更適合英語的表達方式。
例9. 目前在中國正進行著一場意義深遠的社會和經濟改革。At present, a sweeping and profound social and economic reform is being carried out in China.說明:在這個例子中,漢語是一個無主句。顯然,一方面,我們可以確定漢語的賓語為英語的主語,使用英語的被動結構來翻譯,避免了需要去找一個動作發(fā)出者來充當主語的情況。以上例子清楚的說明,選擇漢語原文的賓語充當譯文主語的情況下,通常是需要用英語的被動結構來翻譯的。但是,并不是說所有確定漢語原文賓語為譯文主語的情況都一定要用被動結構來翻譯。如:
例10. 中國的飲食方式正在發(fā)生許多變化。Many changes are taking place in China's diet style.說明:我們可以看到,上面這個例子中,漢語原文的主語是“中國的飲食方式”,謂語是“發(fā)生”,賓語是“許多變化”。當一旦確定了賓語“許多變化”為英語譯文主語的時候,這個英語譯文的邏輯結構就可以直接用主動結構:Many changes are taking place?。因為在英語中,“變化”與動詞“發(fā)生”的搭配是符合邏輯,而不能說“變化被發(fā)生”。
2)確定漢語原文主語中心詞的修飾語來充當英語譯文的主語
有時候,漢語主語中心詞的修飾語可能是整個句子的突出部分。在翻譯的時候,為了正確傳達原文中突出的信息,我們就可以把主語中心詞前面的修飾語確定為英語譯文的主語。如:
例11. 中國的飲食文化具有悠久的歷史。China has a long history in her diet culture.說明:在這個例子中,漢語的主語是“中國的飲食文化”,其主語中心詞是“文化”。如果確定“文化”為英語譯文的主語,則原來漢語句子只能生硬的轉化為“文化具有歷史”這樣的英語結構。所以我們可以把主語中心詞前面的修飾語“中國”確定為英語譯文的主語,這樣一來,整個句子的邏輯結構就非常清楚,突出了“中國在飲食文化方面具有悠久的歷史”這個信息。
例12. 他的身材魁梧,生一副大長方臉,嘴巴闊大,肌膚呈著紫檀色。(選自陳宏薇和李亞丹 新編漢英翻譯教程)
He was a giant of a man with a long square face, a wide mouth and a complexion suffused with the colour of read sandalwood.說明:在這個例子中,從形式上看,漢語的主語中心詞是“身材”,單似乎隨后的三個部分的內容“生一副大長方臉,嘴巴闊大,肌膚呈著紫檀色”都是在說明“他”,而不是“他的身材”。因為我們不能說“他的身材生了一副大長方臉”,所以,我們就確定漢語原文主語中心詞的修飾語“他”來充當英語譯文的主語。
4.增加主語 漢語句法具有開放性和松散性,句子不一定要有主語,因而有許多無主句,如“出太陽了”,“昨晚放了一場電影”等;另外一些句子,在上下文意思清楚的情況下,主語往往承前省略,出現(xiàn)許多主語省略句。在將這些無主句和省略句譯為英語時,必須補出主語,以形成英語譯文中主謂齊備的格局。但是,補出什么作主語是一個十分復雜的問題。譯者必須透徹理解上下文,仔細斟酌原文的確切含義,反復推敲英語的表達方式,才能補出恰當?shù)闹髡Z,否則會歪曲原文的意思。增加主語的方法一般有以下幾種:
1)增加泛指的主語“we, you, one”等。
漢語句子在泛指的時候,顯然可以增加上英語表示泛指的主語。如: 例13. 充分發(fā)揮個體、私營等非公有制經濟在促進經濟增長、擴大就業(yè)和活躍市場等方面的重要作用。
We should take advantage of non public-owned economy, including individual, privately owned etc., to fulfill it's significant effect on accelerating economic improvement, enlarging employment, and flourishing the market.例14. 然而,要想了解一個人的稟賦資質和實際能力如何,考試是考不出名堂來的。
But they are of vain if you want to know about the gift, intelligence or practical abilities of a person.
例15. 凡事應該適度,適度是最安全的。
One should be moderate in all things, and moderation is always the safest way.2)增加英語代詞it作主語
在英語中,代詞it作主語的情況非常多。因為這個代詞表示的意義非常豐富,它可以表示漢語中的氣候、天氣、時間等無主句,如“下雨了(It is raining),三點了(It’s 3 o’clock now)等,當然,它還可以充當強調句和形式主語句型的主語。如:
例16. 自從理查德·尼克松(Richard Nixon)同癌癥宣戰(zhàn)以來已經有30年了。
It is already three decades since Richard Nixon declared war on cancer.說明:在這個例子中,漢語原文是一個明顯的表示時間的無主句。我們則可以增加英語的代詞it來充當英語譯文的主語。
例17. 大學的研究所才是初步研究學問的所在。
It is graduate school in a university that is the place to do research work at a basic level.說明:在這個例子中,漢語的原文主語是“大學的研究所”。但是如果我們確定“大學的研究所”作為英語譯文的主語,則沒有辦法很好的體現(xiàn)漢語原文的強調語氣“才是”。所以,我們就可以增加代詞it,用英語的強調句型來翻譯。例18. 提出一個絕對的標準當然很困難;但是,大體上看一個人對待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴肅認真,看他對待工作、生活的態(tài)度如何,也就不難對這個人的存在意義做出適當?shù)墓烙嬃恕?05年試題)It’s difficult to advance an absolute criterion, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of one’s existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life.說明:在這個例子中,我們可以非常清楚的看到,漢語原文有非常顯著的用英語代詞it充當形式主語來翻譯的特征:那就是,如果漢語句型通常呈現(xiàn)出“?是很苦難/很重要/有用/有意義的”等結構,或者是“據(jù)說(It is said?),有人認為(It is taken that?)”等結構。
3)增加there be?
顯然,如果漢語原文表達的是“有、存在、出現(xiàn)”等概念,我們則可以用英語的there be?句型來翻譯。如:
例19. 還將有一些生活極端貧困的人們,他們還需要政府的資助。There will still be some people living in extreme poverty, who are still in need of the government's financial support.例20. 舉例來說,在早先的法國洞穴繪畫里,早于公元前10,000年的繪畫中沒有人與人打仗的畫面。
For example, among ancient French cave drawings earlier than 10,000 B.C., there were no pictures describing people fighting with each other.從上述分析中我們可以知道,漢語的語言句法和邏輯結構比較松散,而英語則有非常清楚的語法結構和嚴謹?shù)倪壿嫿Y構。而英語句子基本上是圍繞主語來展開句型結構的,正因此,漢英翻譯中,只要主語確定了,翻譯問題就基本解決了。
最后,不得不清楚的說明:翻譯實踐是藝術,真正要提高自己的翻譯能力,唯一需要做的就是“動手,做翻譯”?!白g精于勤”,只有真正自己動手翻譯了,才能領悟翻譯的奧妙,才知道翻譯的樂趣。
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第三篇:英語達人之寫作篇
英語達人學習英語之寫作篇
來源:sinablog日期:2010-01-08閱讀 2892 次作者:考拉小巫評論0條劃詞進入論壇1.考拉練習寫作的經歷
大學的時候很少很少練寫作,因為我比較懶,不愛用手寫東西,那時候沒有筆記本,所以只是在每周上寫作課的時候會寫文章,或者如果其他課會留論文的話,才會去動手寫。但盡管這樣,像昨天閱讀篇里寫到的,大學的時候一直有保持讀native speaker的文章的習慣,有的時候這種習慣造成的影響是潛移默化的。你讀的東西很多,自然腦子里就有很多東西,等下筆寫作的時候自然會有話可說,有物可談。正所謂高收入才能高產出。尤其要提到的一點是,大三的時候第一次考GRE,因為很畏懼GRE閱讀,那個時候基本就把閱讀放棄了,因為GRE的文章讀的很少,那么寫出來像GRE風格的文章的能力也就很差,導致第一次考G時作文才得了4.5.現(xiàn)在回憶起來,貌似第一次考G時,argument和issue加起來總共才寫了4篇。汗自己。這說明啥?!不管以前的基礎打的如何扎實,如果不繼續(xù)勤加練習,想憑以前的水平吃老本,到最后吃虧的還是自己。。所以,練習和積累永遠都是王道,永遠都別想著鉆空子,因為根本就沒空子可鉆。就好比永遠都別想著走捷徑,因為根本沒捷徑。研究生的時候,有了筆記本,自己不敢再找任何借口,加之第一次GRE考的慘到極點,自然不敢再松懈自己。于是才開始了系統(tǒng)練習寫作的過程。一開始練習的是托福寫作。把托福所有所有題庫都找出來(貌似托福自己沒有題庫,我用的是李笑來的分類題庫),先是把所有的題都讀了一遍,在李笑來對題庫劃分的基礎上,自己又進行了重新的劃分,這種劃分主要是便于我自己理解和記憶。然后列計劃,每天寫多少多少篇,有些題目彼此很相像,所以寫一篇就行了。計劃列好以后,堅持每天寫兩篇文章,都要掐時間。有的時候如果狀態(tài)很好,會寫三篇。這貌似是貫穿于整個復習iBT的過程中的,每天都會寫至少兩篇,一天都沒有斷過。后來考試的時候,遇到的題目貌似還是很熟悉的,因為本來就寫了很多很多文章,貌似在短時間內狂飆了六七百字,后來托福iBT作文還考了30分滿分,所以長時間的練習總算是沒有白費。
考完了IBT,就開始復習GRE寫作?,F(xiàn)在還可以翻來當時復習GRE機考時寫的博文來看,那個時候的態(tài)度絕對是破釜沉舟式的。方法基本和復習托福作文一樣,先是讀一休和阿狗的所有題目。阿狗沒什么可說的,基本從高頻到低頻一直寫下去。一休是先對其進行分類,然后在各類型中再根據(jù)高低頻排列,每類都挑高頻先寫,然后從高頻到低頻每天都寫一篇。然后一個多月的時間,每天堅持掐時間寫一篇一休,一篇阿狗,從未間斷過。復習來復習去,最后總共寫了大概四五十篇文章。最后考試的時候,自己比較幸運,阿狗和一休都抽到了高頻題,一休更是歷史最高頻一休51題(竟然現(xiàn)在還記著題號。太激動了。),后來立即發(fā)了“我被高頻撞了一下腰”的文章,啊哈哈哈哈,想起來就好玩~所以研究生的時候對寫作的練習真的是下了很大的辛苦。哦對了,后來GRE機考考了5.5,本來目標是滿分的,不過我知道阿狗的一個點批的邏輯不夠嚴謹,算了吧。
過去的這一年在美國,那稱不上是對寫作的“練習”,那絕對稱得上是摧殘。自從來了美國以后,就開始計算自己到底寫了多少東西。美國的學習制度一般是這種的,他們不可能讓你快活一個學期,然后最后來一個期末就完事了。像中國大學和研究生這種學習,基本大家期末的時候稍微抱一下佛的腳丫子,都考第一了。這種對學習的系統(tǒng)消化不太有好處。但是在美國,他們基本是這樣的,剛開學吧,老師說,好,同學們,我們來個熱身吧,大家寫一個5頁的小論文好不好啊。5頁出去了。過了十幾天,老師說,好吧,同學們,為了讓大家彼此之間熟悉,我們來寫一個25頁的小組論文吧,這一個人又得寫個8頁左右。到了期中了,老師說,同學們啊,看時間過得多快,來個期中個人的大論文吧,15頁。期中完了,再來一個小調研式的論文吧,10頁。后來為了讓同學們對期末有所準備,再寫一個小的8頁論文。期末了吧,再來一個15頁的。我們這個專業(yè),基本每門課都是這樣的,每個學期四門
課下來,老師會足足讓你寫不下五萬詞的論文。我們都很崩潰。所以,現(xiàn)在也不用自己練習了,光被這些老師們,就已經逼成寫作機器了。不過這樣有一個好處,就是不管你什么時候學了什么內容,總會在之后的論文寫作中將知識用于實際的案例中。哦,貌似還沒有加上在實習機構為其寫的各種case note, 和每周的工作記錄。現(xiàn)在被逼出來的后果是,一個全新的題目,如果是10頁的話,第二天早晨9點交,我們都會在前一天晚上七點才開始寫,一般十二點睡覺的時候就寫好了,還能保證是A。。這說明啥。人的潛力是無窮的。我們這幫人都已經逼成寫作機器了。。Orz....所以,你只要多寫,狂寫,你也能寫得很快很好的!真的都是硬練出來的!!
2.寫文章的基本步驟
第一步,讀題,分析題目。一個論點,正反論證永遠都是最有力的。(下面詳細說)
第二步,列大綱,就那種簡單的大綱就行。列一個大綱最多就四五分鐘,除非遇到很變態(tài)的題目要想很久。
第三步,寫!寫論文的時候,我不知道大家的腦子里一般都想什么,但我一般就是寫這一段主旨句的時候,腦子里就趕快想例子。寫例子的時候,腦子里就趕快想這一段的結尾句怎么措辭。寫結尾句的時候,就想下一段的主旨句怎么寫。這樣比較快!
第四步,檢查。有人有檢查的習慣,我沒有這個習慣,但是如果有時間的話,檢查一下語法啦拼寫啦之類會有好處。
3.關于一篇文章的寫作架構
說中國文章是八股文,但其實英文文章才是最八股的八股文。這一點經過過去一年狂讀老外的論文得到了證實。為啥現(xiàn)在讀國外的東西越來越快呢?主要是因為他們的文章寫的太清晰易懂了,每段話的第一句就是這段的主旨句,然后一個例子,然后一個結尾句,論點、論據(jù)、論證三部分特別容易找到,所以一篇很長的文章很快就可以讀完。所以我說,咱們寫文章也要這樣,他們老外覺得這是好文章,你考托福雅思GRE,為了得高分,也得寫成他們喜歡的這種樣子。所以,要嚴格記住,一個文章的架構,要這樣:
第一段:開頭段:明確點名中心,必須必須必須必須必須有中心句!
第二段:論證一段(正面論證)
1.某東西重要,為啥重要,提出第一個理由,必須要有本段的主旨句!
2.論據(jù):就是舉例子,用實際的例子來證明為啥要有這個理由。
3.結尾句:其實結尾句就是本段主旨句的paraphrase,用另外一種說法說一遍就行!
第三段:論證二段(正面論證)
1.某東西重要,為啥重要,提出第二個理由,必須要有本段的主旨句!
2.論據(jù):就是舉例子,用實際的例子來證明為啥要有這個理由。
3.結尾句:其實結尾句就是本段主旨句的paraphrase,用另外一種說法說一遍就行!
第四段:論證三段(反面論證)
1.某東西重要,沒有了某東西就會有怎樣不好的后果,提出一個壞的后果,必須要有本段的主旨句!
2.論據(jù):就是舉例子,舉一個沒有了這個東西以后的壞結果的實例。
3.結尾句:其實結尾句就是本段主旨句的paraphrase,用另外一種說法說一遍就行!
第五段:結尾段:明確重申中心,必須必須必須必須必須有結尾句!結尾句就是本篇文章中心句paraphrase!
這里說一下,這種結構里,第一段必須有,任何情況下都必須有!第二段到第四段,你想說幾個理由就說幾個理由,一般至少要兩個理由,這兩個理由可以是一正一反,也可以是兩正,我鼓勵大家寫一個反的理由,主要是1.為字數(shù)考慮;2.為論證邏輯的嚴密性考慮。最后一段結尾段,一般國外大學寫論文時,可以沒有結尾段,但是如果考托福雅思GRE,那么時
間允許的情況下,盡量要寫出結尾段,這樣可以讓文章更完整。
4.關于湊不夠字數(shù)的情況
字數(shù)其實是很好湊的,一可以用例子來湊字,二可以用正反論證來湊字。比如,如果你寫了兩個理由以后,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個自然段加起來字數(shù)還是不夠,那么就可以寫一個反的段落,兩段變成三段,論證的是一個論點,字數(shù)也上去了。
5.關于對文章的修改以及互改小組
對文章進行修改是一定能進步的,可以自己修改,可以找別人修改。我一般是自己修改,后來寫得多了以后,寫來寫去也沒啥可改的。如果希望對文章進行修改的話,最好再一開始練習寫作的時候,就和水平較好的筒子組成寫作小組,大家要寫一起寫,寫一樣的題目,一起掐時間,每次練習都當成模考一樣練,然后彼此給對方互相改,這樣比較有效。如果大家寫的題目不一樣,人家一是不太有心情看你的文章,二是對你這個題目不熟悉,就不容易改出好建議來。關于互改小組,現(xiàn)在太傻寄托之類的都會有這種小組,這種小組我以前參加過一天,也學著別人發(fā)一個帖子,諸如“某某題處女作,歡迎批磚”一類的,發(fā)現(xiàn)要么是沒人給改,要么就是別人敷衍式地給你改改、主要是希望你幫他改。對于這樣的互改小組,如果能參加到一個非常好、互動很強的、組長很有組織性和主動性的小組,那么進步會很大的。所以要參加,就找個好的,要么就干脆別參加。
6.關于例子
現(xiàn)在網上有很多那種作文論據(jù)例子集合啊、大全啊之類的,這種東西下載兩三個,稍微背背就行了,永遠要記住,例子不是關鍵,關鍵是你的論點和你論證的方式,例子只是讓你的論點論證過程更充實更飽滿,例子不等于全部。如果花了五個小時在背例子上,卻花了30分鐘寫文章,那就不對了。背一堆例子發(fā)現(xiàn)不會用,也是白搭。所以,不要總花很多時間逛論壇、并無恥地以收集例子為借口,其實你就是無恥地不想寫不想下筆練習嘛。你還是得應該逼自己動筆才行。一般例子的來源有兩大種,一是平時博覽群書的長時間的積累;二是為了應付考試臨時從網上下載例子來背。兩種方法都可以,哪個對你更有效就用哪個。
7.關于寫出來的東西過于簡單
四六級的東西不要怕簡單,句子簡單不代表一定很幼稚。外國作家有的人的東西很簡單,從來不用復雜句,但人家寫出來的東西不得不讓人佩服。所以不要妄想通過復雜句來讓自己的文章變得有思想,要知道,思想是思想,句子形式只是表象而已。如果你有了思想,但句子簡單,可以嘗試將意思相關的短句糅合成復雜句。糅合的方法具體見語法書,關于語法書我也不知道該推薦什么,隨便拿一本看看吧。
非常重要的一個事情是,有的人為了寫復雜句而寫復雜句,把不相關的短句故意雜糅在一起,讓人讀起來一頭霧水。如果想寫出變換多樣的文章,改怎么辦呢?我還是推薦一個字,讀!別人的文章讀多了,你自然就知道如何去運用于自己的寫作過程中了。這還是一個一樣漫長的積累過程。英語學習急不得,像寫作這樣進步并不是很明顯的能力就更加急不得了
8.關于如何將背會的詞語用于寫作里
背了的詞語就要運用到自己的文章里,這可以既提高對單詞的記憶程度、又增加自己文章的色彩。我覺得一個好的辦法,還是前篇文章里提到的,我的好朋友將同義詞、反義詞進行成組的總結,然后進行背誦。這樣的話,說到一個詞,你對那一組的詞的記憶力就能被激活,然后就可以不斷轉換不同的詞來運用,而不是只停留于happy, important之類的基礎詞了。如果時間有限,不用自己歸類,可以直接買人家已經歸類好的同義詞、反義詞的單詞書來背,也是有用的。貌似新東方有一本這樣的書,書名不記得了。好像就是同義詞、反義詞一類的。
9.關于為考試而進行寫作練習時的兩個小建議
A。嚴格用計時器掐時間。用計時器掐時間主要是為了提高自己的寫作速度,因為考場上風
云變幻莫測,萬一出現(xiàn)什么事故,導致自己寫作速度下降,后果不堪設想。所以從最一開始練習的時候,如果人家規(guī)定45分鐘寫完,那么我一般給自己掐的時間是30分鐘;如果要求30分鐘寫完,那么我一般給自己掐的時間是18分鐘,以此類推。更多信息請訪問:http:///
B。做抗干擾練習??垢蓴_練習尤其在托福和GRE考試中非常有用。因為大家都在不同的時間開始寫,你寫的時候,很有可能旁邊有人在向老師要鉛筆,問時間,進進出出之類的,對你造成很大影響。考試的時候人的精神本來就很敏感,加上他們的折騰,免不了自己本來要寫的東西被忘掉。所以一定要進行抗干擾練習。之前你每天寫的時候,就要開始干擾自己,比如邊寫作,邊帶著耳機聽音樂,或者邊寫作,邊放著一段英文新聞,或者邊寫作,邊聽音樂,邊放新聞,邊放電影。后來有一次很搞笑,在考GRE前幾天,打算寫最后一篇文章來練習,打開了各種抗干擾的東西,音樂,新聞,和電影,正寫得激動的時候,電影里傳來男女主角造人的聲音,但當時也可以泰然自若地敲字而絲毫不受影響了。:)
第四篇:復試篇--英語備考+面試資料(模版)
復試篇--英語備考+面試范文資料
隨著研究生報名人數(shù)的逐年增加,研究生復試一般改為差額復試,考生復試的成績如何直接影響到其是否被錄取。研究生復試一般分為專業(yè)課復試與英語復試,而英語復試主要是口語測試。由于從2005年起研究生入學考試英語筆試部分取消了聽力,因此,研究生復試中除了傳統(tǒng)的口語測試外,很多學校增加了聽力部分。這里我們特別邀請了中央財經大學多年的博士生、碩士生與MBA英語復試考官馮玉紅和溫劍波老師,為大家介紹一下研究生英語復試的備考。
無論參加哪種形式的口語考試,說一口流利、準確的英語都是通過考試的關鍵所在。因此,語言的基本功與長期的口語素材積累至關重要。一般性備考可以分為下面幾個部分:
1.應試材料的準備:為了準備口語考試,可以準備一些材料,如《英語中級口語教程》、《
四、六級英語口語應試》等。當然如果確定參加哪種英語口試,又了解其口語考試的形式與內容,選擇針對其考試的口語材料更為有效,如雅思口語、托??谡Z等。
2.制定復習計劃:根據(jù)備考時間與所要參加的口試類型制定復習計劃??梢悦刻鞙蕚湟粋€話題,話題的內容最好是熱門話題或??荚掝}。常見口語話題總結如下:Laid-off worker's problem、Reforms of housing policy、Going abroad、Globalization、Information age、Environmental protection and economic development、Online learning、2008 Olympic, Beijing、Economic crisis。熱點話題在報紙、雜志上大多可以找到,也是很多考試寫作部分常出的題目,因此也可以參照考研或四、六級作文范文。但切忌全篇背誦所找到的材料,最好只借用其中某些素材,然后用自己的語言重新整理。
3.熟悉考場情況與考試流程
(1)與小組組員的交流(二對二考試模式)
小組成員可先模擬一下考試過程。讓自己進入狀態(tài),而后可談一些其他話題,放松一下。
(2)進入考場
入室前要敲門,雖是小節(jié),但關系到你給考官的第一印象。
衣著得體,落落大方。
向考官問候:Good morning/ afternoon.如果可以,微笑,但絕不可勉強。
(3)自我介紹
要求簡潔、有新意,能夠讓考官記住你。最重要的是,發(fā)音要準,不要太快,以別人聽懂為目的。但注意一定要聽考官的指示語,聽到考官說:Can you introduce yourself briefly/ say something about yourself后再開始。其實現(xiàn)在許多口語考試為了避免考生背誦準備好的自我介紹,都去除了這個部分,而是由一些簡單問題來代替,如:
Where are you from? Could you say something about your hometown?
Could you say something about your family?
What do you usually do in your leisure time?
What’s your favorite TV program?
Who is the most important person in your family?
(4)回答考官問題
此處不再贅述,但有一點要注意,千萬不要只回答“YES”或“NO”,而是要加上你的reason或者是example.(5)看圖說話
不要過分局限于圖中的內容,而應充分開闊思路,尤其注意的是在講述完圖中內容后做適當?shù)脑u價,對圖中的事物或觀點提出自己的看法或客觀公正的評論。
(6)討論
此處是發(fā)揮你的才智的關鍵一節(jié),discussion在考試中占了很大一部分時間,所以要盡可能是自己多說,但要保證說到點子上。
(7)最后問題
最后,考官還會問你一個問題,這是你進一步展示自己的大好機會,如果前面不太理想,也可借此補救一下。
(8)結束
考官明確說出:This is the end of the test, thank you.說明考試正式結束。站起來,拿好自己的東西,如準考證,與考官說再見:Thank you, goodbye.或Thank you for your interview goodbye.然后離開。注意考試結束后不要問老師關于得分的問題,應該馬上禮貌的離開。英語口試備考:考前提前了解考試形式
口語考試的形式、內容、評分標準不盡相同,因此考前一定要熟識考試的各個環(huán)節(jié),然后進行更有針對性的準備。由于網絡資源的發(fā)達,幾乎所有口語考試的內容都可以在網上找到信息。
考研復試英語口試特點如下:
1.各學??荚囆问讲煌?/p>
對口語的考查,各個學校各不盡相同。有的學校制定了非常詳細的標準和流程,甚至規(guī)定了每個老師發(fā)問的方式和時間;有的只是面試老師的自由發(fā)揮,成績也基本上由面試老師主觀判定。
2.考試形式匯總
﹒個人介紹
讓你或以問答的方式或以一個小小的獨白來介紹自己。一般自我介紹包括個人信息、興趣愛好、學習情況、未來計劃幾個方面,但時間都不會過長,大約持續(xù)一分鐘左右。例如:Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.My name is Li Ming.I come from Chang Chun, the capital of Ji Lin Province.I will graduate from Department of Finance of Ji Lin University in the coming June.I am open-minded, quick in thought and very fond of traveling.In my spare time, I have broad interests like many other youngsters.I like reading books, especially those about Chinese history.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition, during my college years, I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a good command of network application.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.Of course, if I am given a chance to further my education in this famous University, I will spare no effort to master the latest knowledge in my field and make good preparation for my future profession.﹒深入對話
考官進一步問你關于一些話題的看法。例如:
﹒What kind of professions show status in your country?
﹒ Modern society is often called materialistic.Why do you think this is?
﹒What is the role of advertising?
﹒ How do you think the internet will affect buying patterns in the future?
﹒個人長談
考官讓你抽一個話題,給你1至2分鐘準備,讓你做1至2分鐘的演講。這部分比較接近雅
思口語考試的第二部分。例如:Describe an activity in school.When I was in middle school, I attended a training class for dancing, because then, many classmates of mine told me that dancing was not only a wonderful sport which could exercise my coordination which I used to be poor at, it could also improve my artistic taste, and many of them would attend the training.I was trained there for about 2 month.The instructor spent about 1 month training my basic skills like flexibility, music sense, sit-ups and pull-ups and basic movements like pony, sunrise and twist.To me, all those training items seemed more like an aerobics training class other than a dancing class, but who cares.Two month passed, and I didn’t think I really know how to dance well then.But later, when I was old enough to go dancing with my friends, all those training items seemed to work well, you know, I could dance a movement at only one sight of it, which is a mission impossible to most amateur dancers.This activity brought me a strong sense of achievement.﹒考生對話
考官給你和另外一個考生一個話題,給你們一段準備的時間,然后讓你們進行對話討論。﹒圖片描繪,分析與討論
這種形式非常接近考研筆試寫作的圖片作文,只不過是以口語的形式考。每個學校會根據(jù)自己的想法來指定考試的具體的形式,但一般都會包括以上的兩到四個部分。
專業(yè)備考:不必擔心專業(yè)詞匯太少
現(xiàn)在很多學校英語復試的形式更加靈活,比如不再采取單獨的英語復試,而是把英語復試和專業(yè)課復試融在一起進行,其具體形式大概可以分為兩種:
1.專業(yè)課老師與英語老師組成一個復試團隊,復試過程中專業(yè)課老師用漢語提問專業(yè)問題,而英語老師用英語提問一些與考生考取專業(yè)相關的問題。例如,考取金融方向研究生的考生可能會遇到如下問題:
Could you explain the Chinese monetary policy in English?
What do you think will be the impact of current global economic crisis on Chinese economy?
2.由于現(xiàn)在高校老師的整體素質提高,復試中由專業(yè)老師直接用英語進行提問。
雖然用英語對專業(yè)問題進行考查是研究生復試的一個新的趨勢,但考生不必擔心自己的專業(yè)詞匯太少或無法用英語表達自己的觀點,因為即使用英文提問專業(yè)相關的問題,這部分的目的仍舊是考查考生的英語水平,問題一般比較淺顯,不會涉及到大量專業(yè)詞匯。除一般性備考外還要注意:關注與自己專業(yè)相關的熱點問題,注意閱讀報紙或雜志上相關的文章,適當積累一些專業(yè)詞匯;如果學過英文原版教材,注意其中的專業(yè)詞匯。
其實并非所有專業(yè)的考生都會遇到英語復試中考查專業(yè)問題的情況。一般涉外專業(yè)或國際化較強的專業(yè)如經濟(如考取中央財經大學、對外經貿大學)、傳媒、語言專業(yè)的考生要注意對專業(yè)問題的準備。
聽力備考:不建議聽英語考試的聽力材料
聽與說作為語言技能是密不可分的,因此雖然考研英語復試中可能涉及到聽力部分,但一般也會與口語同時考查,其考查的形式一般為由復試老師閱讀或播放一段英文短文,然后由考生根據(jù)短文回答相關問題。這種形式在倫敦三一學院口語考試高級中有,可以參照。
聽力是英語聽說讀寫中最需要平時積累的一項技能,因此建議考生在研究生入學考試筆試結束后到復試前的一段時間內每天堅持聽20分鐘左右。內容可以是新聞,如VOA,BBC,CNN新聞,當然也可以聽某一個課本,如《中級英語聽力》。建議聽的時候做一些筆記。由于復試中一般不會讓考生像正規(guī)的聽力考試一樣作選擇或填空題,因此不建議考生聽英語考試的聽力材料,如CET,TOEFL,IELTS等。
口試評分標準:分項打分與整體打分
一般口語考試評分標準包括發(fā)音、詞匯與語法、流利度、內容等幾個方面。如果兩名考生同時進行考試,則互動交際也會成為評分的一部分。目前口試打分大概分為兩種:分項打分和整體印象打分。國內的PETS考試采取分項打分與整體印象打分相結合的方法,IELTS采取整體印象打分法。考生應該注意無論采取哪種打分方法,發(fā)音、詞匯與語法、流利度、內容等都是考查的重點,因此平時練習至關重要。一般研究生口語考試具體評分標準如下:
良好的英語聽說能力是復試成功的保證。參加研究生英語復試,無論形式如何,正確的語音語調、詞匯與語法的準確性、話語內容、流利度、互動交際等幾方面都是考察的內容,因此考生一定要注意平時的語言訓練與材料積累,多聽,多讀,多說。只要平時能說一口流利而準確的英語,任何形式的考試都可以輕松通過。
考研英語口語面試整理
從現(xiàn)在起到復試之前應該保證每天至少1 個小時的聽力訓練,如果覺得做題做得枯燥了,可以適當聽一下英語新聞,看看英文原版電影,通過這些練習來培養(yǎng)自己的英語語感,擴大詞匯量、掌握英語的習慣表達方式,擴大知識面和訓練英語邏輯思維能力,也可以使我們熟練掌握常用的詞組、短語等。只有熟練,會話才能流利,與人交流才能不假思索地脫口而出。千萬不要只回答“YES”或“NO”,而要加上你的reason或者是example。對于看圖說話題,不要過分局限于圖中的內容,應充分開闊思路,尤其注意在講述完圖中內容后做適當?shù)脑u價,對圖中的事物或觀點提出自己的看法或客觀公正的評論。
克服心理障礙。自信是建立在大量練習上的,不經過口語練習是無法真正掌握英語這門語言的。開口把英語講出來非常重要,這是每一個英語學習者的必經歷程。所以要講好口語就必須先把面子放在一邊。
考研英語復試之口語
1.自我介紹(self-introduce)
Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is ***,24.I come from ******,the capital of *******Province.I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July,2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.I am open-minded,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books,especially those about *******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So,I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country‘s team.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.Of course,if I am given a chance to study ****** in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance ******.2.考研原因(reasons for my choice)
There are several reasons.I have been deeply impressed by the academic atmosphere when I
came here last summer.In my opinion,as one of the most famous ******in our country,it provide people with enough room to get further enrichment.This is the first reason.The second one is I am long for doing research in ******throughout my life.Its a pleasure to be with my favorite ******for lifetime.I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision.Thirdly,I learnt a lot from my *****job during the past two years.However,I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.Life is precious.It is necessary to seize any chance for self-development,especially in this competitive modern world.In a word,I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here.3.研究生期間你的計劃(plans in the postgraduate study)
First,I hope I can form systematic view of *****.As for ******,my express wish is to get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as **************.If possible,I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word,I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here..介紹你的家鄉(xiāng)(about hometown)
I am from,a famous city with a long history over 2,200 years.It is called “Rong Cheng ” because there were lots of banians even 900 years ago.The city lies in the eastern part of the province.It is the center of politics,economy and culture.Many celebrities were born here,for instance,Yanfu,XieBingxin,Lin Zexu and so on..You know,there is a saying that “The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”。I think the city really deserves it.The top three artware are Shoushan Stone,cattle-horn combs and bodiless lacquerware.In addition,it is famous for the hot springs.Theyare known for high-quality.Visitors athome and abroad feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown.5.你的家庭(about family)
There are four members in my family; my parents,my cute cat of 9 years old and me.My father is a technician in the Fujian TV station.He often goes out on b usiness.So most of the housework is done by my industrious mom.Climbing at weekends is our common interest.The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness.They can strengthen our relation,too.During my prepareing for coming here,my parents‘love and support have always been my power.and I hope in future I wil be able to repay them.6.你的大學(about university)
**********University is the oldest one in the province.It was founded in *******and covers an area of over******* mu.The building area is ************square meters.It develops into a comprehensive university with efforts of generations,especially after the reform and opening up.It takes the lead among the *********universities with nice teaching and scientific research ability.The library has a storage of *******books..various research institutes are set up including 52 research centers.There are teaching research experimental bases.For example,the
computer center,analyzing-test center,modern education technical center and so on.
第五篇:英語四級備考資料下載匯總(模版)
1、留學
Nowadays, going abroad for studies is enjoying a striking popularity among adolescents.Importance should be attached to studying abroad.There are a great many advantages of studying overseas.First and foremost, living and studying abroad offers students a different perspective of the world.On a university campus, international students are likely to encounter their counterparts from various countries and areas and are exposed to diverse ideas and values.What is more, overseas experience is the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages.There is no better opportunity to improve second-language skills than living in the country in which it is spoken.Generally peaking, it is my view that although going abroad is expensive and perhaps painful, the payoff is worthwhile.In the first place, in addition to knowledge, overseas students can gain precious experiences that those who stay at home will never have.Furthermore, overseas experience, frustrating and painful as it may be, is conducive to the growth of adolescents.2、就業(yè)
Job hunting has always been a headache for college students.Though many graduates are employed right after graduation, some are not.Most serious of all, some still have no idea where to go working even a long time after graduation.The reasons for this phenomenon are various.On the one hand, a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates was greater than the need in the market.On the other hand, most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country.I reckon this problem can be solved if both colleges and students take measures.First, they should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need.Second, students’ attitude towards employment should be changed.They should go to small cities and country.There they can also give full play to their professional knowledge.In a word, if we pay much attention, the situation can be improved.3、網絡
In recent years, people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet.As is known to all, it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line, either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work’s needs.On the one hand, no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life.As a college student, I get on line every day to exchange information through e-mails with my net friends.But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle.Thus, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence.After all,Internet is invented to enrich our life, and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain.4、考試
In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject.Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous.To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching.Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques.No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations.In addition, the most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits.As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively.In fact, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development.If that is the case, why cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations? 新CET4大綱詞匯思馬得記憶法精粹
《湯姆英語》cet4高頻詞匯(附歷年真題及詞頻).新東方四級詞匯講義(真題例句版)
新四級700核心詞匯09年最新版
四級高頻詞匯下載(word版、下載即可打?。┬聳|方趙麗大學英語四級詞匯講座5500[完全版flash] 新東方劉暢詞匯flash全集
新東方趙麗詞匯8000教材word(含習題集)+mp3
淘金式英語詞匯CET4分冊mp3和lrc
《如魚得水背單詞4級詞匯篇章記憶》(單詞表)(文本、mp3、wav)
[四級詞匯]新東方CET4詞匯精講9.5課時[周潔Flash]
最新15篇文章貫通四級詞匯MP3+LRC+SNC等(字幕版)(連貫版)及WORD版迅雷下載 閉著眼睛記單詞-英語基礎《英語1000高頻詞匯》 劉毅詞匯5000(mp3+文本)劉毅10000詞匯學習筆記
大學英語四級備考閱讀資料大匯總
閱讀真題:
歷年四級真題閱讀完全解析
歷年四級閱讀真題全講(含解答方法)部分 英語四級閱讀真題練習十六期匯總
2009年12月19日四級閱讀-快速閱讀真題來源全文 2009.6.20四級閱讀部分點評與答案精講
2009.12.19四級閱讀部分答案及傳統(tǒng)閱讀部分精解與點評 閱讀技巧:
大學英語CET4考試四級閱讀沖刺視頻課件下載
[四級閱讀]新東方CET4新題型閱讀15.25課時[卜珊Flash] 2008新東方英語四級閱讀30天學習筆記(網絡完全版)[四級閱讀]新東方名師蔡衛(wèi)星串講四級閱讀視頻下載 四級閱讀基本功--長難句過關匯總篇 2008大學英語四級閱讀難點關鍵句140句 大學英語四級備考閱讀資料大匯總
大學英語四級備考聽力資料大匯總 聽力真題:
2009年12月大學英語四級【真題】聽力錄音下載
1993年1月-2008年6月大學英語四級聽力原文+試題+答案+mp3(33套)[原創(chuàng)]大家版收藏級大學英語四級歷年真題大全(89-07年39套)文本及聽力 cet4考試必備英語四級聽力[原文mp3下載匯總 聽力資料:
[CET4新題型]聽力16.0課時[張楊Flash]
大學英語四級考試巔峰聽力2007版(MP3含字幕)[王長喜編] 星火4級聽力滿分15天音頻 4級聽力滿分15天五套模擬題音頻 新東方語音教練筆記1-2 CET4新題型聽力張楊教案
cet4考試必備英語四級考試語法試題練習筆記]匯總
大學英語四級備考寫作資料大匯總
寫作真題:
2009年12月四級寫作真題及高分范文(恩波版)2009年12月大學英語四級作文范文(文都)2009年12月大學英語四級作文范文(高分版)]2009年12月大學英語四級作文范文(及格版)(昂立)寫作范文:
[cet4考試必備]四級作文寫作[模版][范文]匯總 張磊四六級寫作模版大全
新東方四級寫作班各類話題背誦范文 CET4作文沖刺:寫作強化及經典范文 英語寫作指導及范文共80篇下載 寫作教程:
新東方老師總結的所有四級寫作資料大全 四、六級寫作范文選(新東方內部資料)
四級寫作一本通【英文寫作指南】0基礎到滿分之路 備考:《大學英語四級考試寫作專項突破》
大學英語CET4考試四級寫作沖刺視頻課件下載
[四級作文]新東方CET4新題型寫作10.25課時[王江濤Flash] 寫作詞匯:
四六級寫作中絕對用得到的關鍵詞匯及短語匯總 寫作句型:
四六級寫作經典句型匯總
2010年6月大學英語四級寫作必備句型套路19篇匯總 [下載]四級寫作過關系列:英文寫作佳句300例
5、老師
In my life I have met a great many teachers who are really worth recalling.But perhaps the most unforgettable one I ever know is my English teacher.What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities.First of all, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening of a passion for learning.He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deeper in this field.Second, I was attracted by his lively wit.I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs.Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.6、求學信
Dear Sir or Madam, I am a Chinese student who wishes to apply for admission into your prestigious university.My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a bachelor’s degree from Beijing University, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements.Second, how much are the tuition fees?
Although I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students.Third, what is the situation regarding accommodation? I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.Yours sincerely, Li Ming
7、邀請信 Dear Snoopy, I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr.Guo Jing’s wedding ceremony with Ms.Huang Rong to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m.on April 1, 2007.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy.The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony.This will be followed by a dinner party.At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.Yours sincerely, Li Ming
8、投訴信
Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next semester.I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior.For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him;for another, he regularly holds noisy parties.In these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments.I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my own.Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.Yours sincerely, Li Ming
9、致辭
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself.I am the president of Motorola(China)Electronics Ltd.The following is my introduction to the conference.First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation.Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt welcome to all the guests and delegates.Last, I believe our cooperative efforts are sure to be productive.I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this conference and hope the above information will help you.If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time.Thank you for your attention.10、告示
Chinese Speaking Contest
February 3, 2008 To improve students’ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students’ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week(10 February)at the Students’ Auditorium.Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week.Five professors will be invited to be judges.The first six winners will be given awards.Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students’ Union
Department of Chinese Language and Literature