第一篇：演講語(yǔ)言有哪些特點(diǎn)

演講是一種口語(yǔ)表達(dá)藝術(shù)，因此，學(xué)習(xí)演講就不能不研究和掌握演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。您知道嗎？

演講語(yǔ)言是人們交流思想、表達(dá)情感、傳遞信息的工具。演講語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用得好與壞，將直接影響著演講的社會(huì)效果。所以要想提高演講的質(zhì)量，就必須研究和掌握演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。那么，演講的語(yǔ)言有哪些特點(diǎn)呢？

1.準(zhǔn)確性。演講使用的語(yǔ)言一定要確切、清晰地表現(xiàn)出所要講述的事實(shí)和思想，揭示出它們的本質(zhì)和聯(lián)系。只有準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)言才具有科學(xué)性，才能逼真地反映出現(xiàn)實(shí)面貌和思想實(shí)際，才能為聽(tīng)眾接受，達(dá)到宣傳、教育、影響聽(tīng)眾的目的。

要想使演講的語(yǔ)言做到準(zhǔn)確，應(yīng)當(dāng)具備以下一些條件：

（1）思想要明確。演講者如果對(duì)客觀事物沒(méi)有看清、看透，自己的思想尚處于模糊狀態(tài)，用語(yǔ)自然就不能準(zhǔn)確。所以只有思想明確了，才能使語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確。

（2）具備豐富的詞匯量。詞匯的貧乏，往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致演講語(yǔ)言的枯燥無(wú)味，甚至詞不達(dá)意。要想使演講語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確、恰當(dāng)，演講者必須占有和掌握豐富的詞匯。為了準(zhǔn)確地概括事物，就需要在大量的、豐富的詞匯里，篩選出最能反映出這一事物、概念的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)。

（3）注意詞語(yǔ)的感情色彩。詞的感情色彩是非常鮮明而細(xì)微的，只有仔細(xì)推敲、體味、比較，才能區(qū)別出詞語(yǔ)的褒貶色彩。例如，一個(gè)人死了，由于感情不同，用詞也就不同，如可用“犧牲”、“去世”、“走了”、“死了”、“完蛋了”、“見(jiàn)上帝去了”等等。這些詞表現(xiàn)的雖然都是同一個(gè)意思，但其感情色彩卻是截然不同的。

（4）恰到好處地使用一些有生命力的文言詞語(yǔ)。在這方面，毛澤東同志堪稱(chēng)代表。他在演講中經(jīng)常使用一些有生命力的文言詞語(yǔ)，比如在《反對(duì)黨八股》、《學(xué)習(xí)和時(shí)局》這兩次演講中，就用了“再思”、“行成于思”、“心之官則思”等文言詞語(yǔ)。

2.簡(jiǎn)潔性。以最少的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出最多的內(nèi)容。要做到語(yǔ)言的簡(jiǎn)潔，必須對(duì)于自己要講的思想內(nèi)容經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真地思考，弄清道理，抓住要點(diǎn)，明確中心。如果事前把這些搞清楚了，在演講時(shí)至少不至于拖泥帶水，紊亂蕪雜。還要注意文字的錘煉和推敲，并做到精益求精，一字不多，一字不易。

3.通俗性。如果演講的語(yǔ)言不通俗，聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)不懂，就要影響演講的效果。為了使演講的語(yǔ)言通俗平易，我們須從以下幾方面努力：

（1）演講的語(yǔ)言要口語(yǔ)化。首先要解決思想認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題。不要一動(dòng)筆就往書(shū)面語(yǔ)言上靠。寫(xiě)完后自己照稿念一念，看看是否上口，然后把那些不適合演講的書(shū)面語(yǔ)改為口語(yǔ)化的語(yǔ)言。其次，要注意選擇那些有利于口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的詞語(yǔ)和句式。雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的詞語(yǔ)比單音節(jié)的詞語(yǔ)容易上口，而且也好聽(tīng)。如“當(dāng)我要寫(xiě)演講稿時(shí)”就不如“當(dāng)我要寫(xiě)演講稿的時(shí)候”好聽(tīng)。

（2）演講的語(yǔ)言要個(gè)性化。馬克思曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“你怎么想就怎么寫(xiě)，怎么寫(xiě)就怎么說(shuō)。”它告訴我們，不管“說(shuō)”也好，“寫(xiě)”也好，都要用自己的語(yǔ)言，而不是別人的語(yǔ)言或現(xiàn)成的語(yǔ)言。

（3）要說(shuō)自己的話(huà)。有些演講者，愛(ài)使用一些“時(shí)髦”詞，或是套話(huà)，或是從報(bào)刊、書(shū)籍上摘抄下來(lái)的，生硬地拼在一起的話(huà)。這樣的語(yǔ)言聽(tīng)起來(lái)挺“新鮮”，究其實(shí)卻內(nèi)容干癟，缺乏生活的真實(shí)。用自己的話(huà)講，可能看起來(lái)很樸素、很普通，但卻更真實(shí)自如，更富有吸引力。

第二篇：演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)

演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)

要了解演講的語(yǔ)言的特色，讓我們先來(lái)了解下演講的性質(zhì)，演講說(shuō)白了就是一種是以宣傳鼓動(dòng)為目的，帶藝術(shù)性的嚴(yán)肅的社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。

從演講的性質(zhì)我們可以看出，演講是一種以宣傳鼓動(dòng)為目的，宣傳并讓聽(tīng)眾接受某種觀點(diǎn)的一種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的方式。既然要有鼓動(dòng)的效果，其語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)肯定不同于一般的的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。

演講的性質(zhì)決定了演講與朗誦存在很大的不同，演講與朗誦的范疇不同，演講屬精神實(shí)用藝術(shù)，側(cè)重于宣傳鼓動(dòng)。朗誦屬表演藝術(shù)，側(cè)重于欣賞演講的選題有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)性、時(shí)代性。朗誦的材料有很大的超越性。演講講究激情，其語(yǔ)言有特殊性。有生活化的舞臺(tái)語(yǔ)言，有舞臺(tái)化了的生活語(yǔ)言，演講一定要有激情點(diǎn)（高潮）。朗誦追求意境，其語(yǔ)言屬舞臺(tái)表演語(yǔ)言。

而演講更不是一般的報(bào)告，內(nèi)容上，報(bào)告注重政策性、權(quán)威性、指導(dǎo)性。演講注重典型性、鮮明性；語(yǔ)言上，報(bào)告要求樸實(shí)，感情表達(dá)不要求大起大落，基調(diào)平穩(wěn)。朗誦必須要有起伏。演講不是表演，是表現(xiàn)，要注重控制情緒，最好的演講員是他的眼淚在眼匡里，而聽(tīng)眾的眼淚在臉上。

既然演講不同于朗誦，又與一般的報(bào)告存在很大的不同，那么演講的語(yǔ)言特色到底是哪些呢？

演講具有其特有的手勢(shì)語(yǔ)言。手指語(yǔ)言：“大拇指”動(dòng)作一般表夸獎(jiǎng)、很好，但有時(shí)表高傲的情緒；“十指交叉”一般表自信、敵對(duì)情緒、感興趣：“抓指式”一般表控制全場(chǎng)之勢(shì)：“背手”可給自己壯膽，鎮(zhèn)靜，也表自信，但對(duì)有的人是種狂妄表現(xiàn)：“手啄式”表示不禮貌的動(dòng)作，本身就有一種挑釁、針對(duì)和強(qiáng)制性。以上都要看具體環(huán)境和當(dāng)時(shí)面部表情。手掌語(yǔ)言：“向上”表示誠(chéng)懇、謙虛：“向下”表提醒、命令：“緊握伸食指”帶有一種鎮(zhèn)壓性：“搓掌”表期待，快搓表增加可信度，慢搓表有疑慮：“手掌向前”表拒絕、回避；“手掌由內(nèi)向外推”表安慰、把所有的問(wèn)題概況起來(lái)：“劈掌”表果斷、決心。手臂語(yǔ)言：“手臂交叉”表防御：“交叉握拳”表敵對(duì)：“交叉放掌”表有點(diǎn)緊張并在努力控制情緒：“一手握另一只手上臂，另外一只手下垂”表缺乏自信。

演講更有其極富特色的眼睛語(yǔ)言。眼睛是心靈的窗戶(hù)，嘴巴可以說(shuō)話(huà)，眼睛不能說(shuō)話(huà)，眼睛的奧妙，在于它是真實(shí)的?？梢跃幊鲆磺Ь洹⒁蝗f(wàn)句謊言，卻不能遮擋眼睛的真實(shí)性。眼睛注視用得多的有三種：（1）凝視。集中目光看對(duì)方，如果是公事，目光限制于前額到雙眼，使人感覺(jué)你很誠(chéng)懇認(rèn)真；如果是社交，就看雙眼到嘴三角區(qū)；如果是關(guān)系非常親密的朋友，就看雙眼到胸。（2）環(huán)視。眼睛向前然后有目的的掃一下，好處是使所有聽(tīng)你講話(huà)的人都注意了你，不覺(jué)得你在和他（個(gè)人）交流，能較全面地了解聽(tīng)眾的心理反映。而且可根據(jù)你的環(huán)視隨時(shí)調(diào)整說(shuō)話(huà)的節(jié)奏、內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)調(diào)，把握說(shuō)話(huà)的主動(dòng)權(quán)控制住。（3）虛視。就是似視非視，演講就需要這種虛與實(shí)的目光交替，“實(shí)”看某一部分人，“非”看大家，演講要作到“目中無(wú)人，心中有人”。演講的又一大語(yǔ)言特色就是其表情語(yǔ)言了。表情語(yǔ)言。每個(gè)人都有面部表情，臉上的每個(gè)細(xì)胞、每個(gè)皺紋、每個(gè)神經(jīng)都表達(dá)某種意愿、某種感情、某種傾向。面部表情是最準(zhǔn)確的、最微妙的人的“晴雨表”。人的面部表情貴在四個(gè)字：自然，真摯。面部是思想的“熒光屏”，演講的面部表情一般要帶微笑。

演講還要保持口語(yǔ)的樸實(shí)風(fēng)格。演講稿必須是敘述型口語(yǔ)化的。這種風(fēng)格的語(yǔ)言平易、上口、入耳、便于傳播。演講是“講”給別人“聽(tīng)”的，這種“雙邊活動(dòng)”要求“講”與“聽(tīng)”中間不能有梗阻。而講的聲音是短暫易逝的，要想讓人聽(tīng)準(zhǔn)、聽(tīng)懂就得說(shuō)聽(tīng)眾熟悉又經(jīng)常講的語(yǔ)言，且要用一口氣說(shuō)完的短句。

演講作為一種高級(jí)的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)形式,對(duì)語(yǔ)言的要求極高。認(rèn)識(shí)和了解演講語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)體特點(diǎn),可以使我們更好地駕馭這門(mén)古老而嶄新的傳播藝術(shù)。

第三篇：怎樣突出就職演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)

就職演講是新任某一特定職務(wù)的人上任時(shí)面對(duì)干部和群眾所做的一種自我表白。為了增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表達(dá)效果，撰寫(xiě)演講稿，就必須突出以下語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。

1.真切、樸實(shí)。就職者懷著真摯的情感發(fā)表演講，應(yīng)當(dāng)讓聽(tīng)眾感到特別親切、自然，平易近人。因此，撰稿時(shí)，要體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言的真切、樸實(shí)，切不可賣(mài)弄文采，矯揉造作。例如，一位新市長(zhǎng)在就職演講中說(shuō)：“同志們，我的權(quán)力是在座的各位代表給的，也是全市七十萬(wàn)父老鄉(xiāng)親給的，我沒(méi)有理由不把工作干好，我沒(méi)有權(quán)力踐踏這個(gè)神圣的職責(zé)。如果因?yàn)楸救苏?wù)不廉潔或工作失職，而對(duì)黨對(duì)人民造成不應(yīng)有的損失的話(huà)，那么，我將主動(dòng)摘下市長(zhǎng)這頂‘烏紗帽’回家賣(mài)紅薯！這，就是我這名人民公仆所要向人民群眾進(jìn)行的最忠實(shí)的表白！”這段話(huà)，語(yǔ)言真切、樸實(shí)，充分表現(xiàn)了一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的責(zé)任感和事業(yè)心。

2.簡(jiǎn)潔、明快。就職演講實(shí)際上只是新上任的人在特定的環(huán)境中對(duì)聽(tīng)眾的一次正式亮相和表態(tài)。因此，演講稿的篇幅一般都比較短小，這就要求語(yǔ)言必須簡(jiǎn)潔、明快，切忌夸夸其談，拖泥帶水。例如，一位新上任的婦聯(lián)主任，這樣發(fā)表她的就職演講：“大伙兒選我當(dāng)婦女的頭兒，算是瞧得起我。請(qǐng)嬸子、大娘、姑娘、姐妹們放心，我也是女人，也有丈夫，有家，也懷孕生過(guò)孩子，我知道哪些利益該為咱婦女去爭(zhēng)，哪些事該咱婦女去干。我先試著干一年，干不好，大伙兒再另選別人。”短短幾句話(huà)，簡(jiǎn)潔明快，干凈利落，贏得了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽(tīng)眾熱烈的掌聲。

3.幽默、風(fēng)趣。就職演講的場(chǎng)合，一般都是比較莊重嚴(yán)肅的，但這并不意味著所有就職者都要板著面孔來(lái)講話(huà)。倘若根據(jù)表達(dá)需要，增加一點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言的幽默色彩和風(fēng)趣意味，往往會(huì)獲得出人意料的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)效果。例如，一位新當(dāng)選的農(nóng)村支部書(shū)記這樣開(kāi)始他的就職演講：“這次黨員大會(huì)選舉，我再次當(dāng)選支部書(shū)記，得了180%選票。不要笑，這里頭80%是大家投的票，還有100%是我自己投的票?！边@個(gè)開(kāi)場(chǎng)白，出人意料，新穎獨(dú)特，接下去演講者對(duì)兩個(gè)百分比進(jìn)行了巧妙的分析，語(yǔ)言幽默風(fēng)趣，讓人覺(jué)得他誠(chéng)實(shí)而充滿(mǎn)自信。

第四篇：英語(yǔ)政治演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)和翻譯方法

N 學(xué)科分類(lèi)號(hào)

050201

題 目

英語(yǔ)政治演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)和翻譯方法

二○一 年 月

DECLARATION

I, ?/??, the undersigned, hereby declare that this essay does not contain any material which has been accepted for the award of any other higher degree or graduate diploma in any tertiary institution and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this essay does not contain any material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in the text of the essay.Signed:

Dated:

CONTENTS

Abstract in English….....................……………………………………………….........................1 Abstract in Chinese....................................................................................................2Ⅰ.Introduction…...................................................................................................................3 1.1 Research Background………………………………………………………………..…....3 1.2 Research Purpose………………………………………………………………..…….…..3 1.3 Research Significance………………………………...…………………………………...3 Ⅱ.Theoretical Frameworks……………………………………………………………………...4

2.1 The Definition of Phatic Communion…………………………………………………….4

2.2 The Origin of Phatic Communion…………………………………………………..…… 4 Ⅲ.Differences between Chinese and English Phatic Communion……………………….………5 3.1 Different Backgrounds of Different Phatic Communion between Chinese and Western Cultures…………..………………………………………………………………..………5 3.2 Chinese and Western Thinking in Different Ways on the Different Causes by the Traditional Greetings……….…………………………………………………………..…7 3.3 Different Communicative Habits due to Differences in Greetings between China and America……………………………………………………………………….……..…....8 Ⅳ.Conclusion......………………......…………………..........……………..………….....…..…10 Bibliography...................................................................................................................................11 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………….….......12

I 貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

Abstract

In the 21st century, with the advance of human society and the progress of technology, the international communication between China and other countries has become more frequent than before.Owing to rapid development of information technology and globalization, people are not merely satisfied with knowing what happened in their own national political circle.Political speeches, especially English political speeches, as the major media to spread political thoughts and report political events, are capable of making people know more about international politics.Due to linguistic and cultural limitations, however, Chinese audiences or readers cannot understand political speeches in foreign language very well.Thus, the Chinese translation of English political speech is attached great significance.Under the current background of fast-paced lifestyle, the conciseness and the generality of English political speeches allow readers to acquire more political information within the precious time.The appropriate translated version of English political speech will determine whether the original political speeches can draw readers’ attention or not.Therefore, the translation of English political speeches is becoming especially important..Keywords: English political speech;linguistic features;comparison between English political speeches and Chinese political speeches;translation strategies 貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

摘 要

進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人類(lèi)社會(huì)不斷進(jìn)步，科技發(fā)展日新月異，尤其是國(guó)際間的交流日益頻繁。資訊科技和全球化的迅速發(fā)展使得人們不單單滿(mǎn)足于了解本國(guó)政界所發(fā)生的事情。政治演講，尤其是英語(yǔ)政治演講，作為一種表達(dá)政治思想和報(bào)道政治事件的主要傳播媒介，能使人們知道更多世界上的政治問(wèn)題。

然而由于語(yǔ)言和文化的局限，中國(guó)觀眾或讀者并不能很好地讀懂外語(yǔ)政治演講。因此，英語(yǔ)政治演講的漢譯在促進(jìn)國(guó)際交流方面便起到了極為關(guān)鍵的作用。

在當(dāng)今快節(jié)奏生活的大背景下，英語(yǔ)政治演講的簡(jiǎn)練性和概括性能夠讓讀者在寶貴時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得更多政治信息！對(duì)英語(yǔ)政治演講進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)臐h譯也決定了能否吸引中國(guó)讀者。所以英語(yǔ)政治演講的翻譯也就尤為重要。

關(guān)鍵詞：英語(yǔ)政治演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn);中文政治演講與英語(yǔ)政治演講的比較;翻譯策略貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

Ⅰ.Introduction 1.1 Definitions of Political Speech Political speech is a crucial type of public speaking.It is specific for the manifestation of the standpoint and proposition in the field of domestic political affairs and diplomatic relationships.Namely, the speeches are made by politicians or delegates of some organizations or authorities who intend to convey some political propositions and viewpoints.The remarkable political speech like I have a dream, made by Martin Luther King.1.2 Characteristics of English Political Speech Generally speaking, there are totally three characteristics of political speech.It will be beneficial for us to comprehend political speech by mastering their characteristics.1.2.1 Political Topics

This type of speech refers to some vital politic issues which relate to nation, party, reform, peace and progress.Speakers should clearly express their political inclination, declare their political opinions, and try every effort to control the general direction of historical development.1.2.2 Motivational Contents

This type of speech has certain politic purpose that makes audience acquaint with the administrative program or politic standpoints.Then, the speaker could gain the understanding and support of audiences, which is the most basic purpose of speech.Therefore, this type of speech has the feature of motivational contents and emotional persuasion.1.2.3 Precise Logics The inspiring political speech needs to demonstrate the unimpeachable logicality in the process of raising, analyzing and solving the political problem.Only in the logical way can make the political speech more reasonable and acceptable to audiences.1.3 Functions and Use of Political Speech Firstly, politicians make a political speech to clarify their political ideas, policies as well as targets of their administration.Accordingly, they may gain the understanding and support of the voters and the populace.This kind of speech is usually conveyed to the public by media in political rallies, campaign sites on some special memorial days.Secondly, political speech must express certain standpoints so that it could catch people’s attention and increase the relevant party’s support rate.Finally, delivering political speech can make politicians’ views come true, increase their political awareness as well.貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

Ⅱ.The linguistic Features of English Political Speech

2.1 Rhetoric Features of English Political Speech Rhetoric is originated from the fourth century B.C, and it just referred to oral presentation skills at that time, which people used to say ―argumentation‖.In Rhetoric, Aristotle ever defined rhetoric as a function of persuasion that could be found in any question(Roberts,1924:281-286).At the end of 17th century, Jone Locke, an English philosopher called rhetoric as ―oratory‖, which is a kind of art that can express decency, grace and power(Huang, 1996:2).2.1.1 The Usage of Parallelism Parallelism is one rhetoric method that is the most useful linguistic form to achieve the purpose of emphasis.In other words, it is the most suitable rhetoric method for English political speech.This form may gather sentences or parts of speech such as nouns, adjectives and verbs.The usage of parallelism makes people feel more exciting through the strong sense of linguistic rhythm.What’s more, it also could make speech more concise and make sentence structures more balanced.For example, Marin Luther King used ―Now is the time to… ”four times in his speech to emphasize that it’s time for black people to wake up and conduct revolution, it’s time for American government to fulfill its promise, to abolish race segregation as well as to require equality and freedom.The paralleled sentences successfully enhance the momentum of language, stress things and create a strong sense of pictures.2.1.2 The Usage of Repetition Speakers use repetition with the purpose of emphasizing a certain meaning or highlighting a certain emotion, which could draw the readers’ or listeners’ attention by repeating key words and key concepts so that they could have a profound impression.For example, you could see the repetition of the topic sentence in Hillary Clinton’s campaign speech.The usage of repetition could make the whole speech more cohesive and coherent.What’s more, it is useful for listeners to remember the aim of the rally, speak out our common people’s desires: everyone has the right of democracy, freedom and equality.2.1.3 The Usage of Alliteration The major rhetoric in phonological speech is alliteration and sound symbolism.Alliteration is the repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals in order to strengthen the rhythm of 貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

speech.In fact, delivering a speech is equal to saying something, thus it’s necessary to place emphasis on rhyme so that the speech could be catchy.It is rhyme that endows the whole speech with strong tempos, sonorous tones and inspirations.For example, ―we should not demean our democracy with the politics of distraction, denial and despair.‖ This sentence is addressed by AL Gore, the vice president of the US, there are five words with the same letter ―d‖.These alliterated words strengthen the rhyme, mood as well as connotation of the sentence, which form phonetical alignment.2.1.4 The Application of Simile In order to achieve common sense, English political speeches have to pay attention to the structure of sentences.There are a variety of sentence structures and figures of speech.Among them, simile and metaphor are often used in English political speeches, politicians often use them to make the speech more lively and understandable.Therefore, the speech will be accepted more easily.For example, in order to show his negative judgments toward racial segregation and discrimination, Martin Luther King use ―a bad check‖ and ―insufficient funds‖ to symbolize the delay of keeping a promise, ― a lonely island‖ and ―dark and desolate valley‖ to symbolize racial segregation and discrimination, ―sweltering summer‖ to symbolize the speaker’s dissatisfaction and negative judgement of racial segregation and racial discrimination.On the other hand, the speaker compared racial justice to ―the sunlit path‖.He also compared equality to ―an invigorating autumn,‖ thus to show his strong longing for democracy, freedom and equality.To sum up, application of simile can connect abstract theories with concrete things that people are familiar with, and make common things become vivid and impressive to receivers.2.2 Religious Elements

There are many religious factors in English political speeches, which are foreign culture’s reflection in communication.Religion is an inseparable part of western culture.In their inauguration speeches, presidents often hope to make their speeches more attractive and persuasive with the help of God’s power.That is the reason why there are lots of religious elements in English political speeches.Barack Obama quoted directly from Bible many times in his inaugural speech to make his words more convincible.By arousing people’s sympathy with some religious beliefs, Obama’s speech may encourage people to gain confidence about the new government in the matter of tackling the crisis and reconstructing a bright future.For example, he says: ― We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come 貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

to set aside childish things.The God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.‖ 2.3 Sentence Structures

Different from dialogues, advertisements and news reports, the English political speeches have special requirements on the sentence structures.Rather than interrogative sentences, declarative sentences are often used in a political speech.Because a question will weaken the speech’s seriousness and firmness, thus making the whole speech less persuading.There are seldom interrogative sentences in Obama’s speech.Apart from declarative sentences, imperative sentences are also found in an English political speech.This kind of sentence structure is usually started by ― let us‖ whose function is to activate the listeners and to call on their actions according to the speaker’s will.For instance, ― Let us remember these timeless words.With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come,‖ which is selected from Clinton’s inaugural speech.Ⅲ.The comparison between English political speeches and Chinese political speeches

The classic examples of western governments’ political speeches are Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, Churchill’s Impromptu Speech in the United States for Christmas, Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream, Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address and so on.Chinese political speeches’ models are Premier Chou Enlai’s Toast at the Banquet in Honor President Nixon, Deng Xiaoping’s Policy Speech, Premier Wen Jiabao’s Speech at Copenhagen Climate Conference and so on.Chinese and Western rational political speeches have some specific differences in context.At the same time, each of them stresses on different aspects, which reflect on following two facets: On one hand, the first aspect is embodied in the speech content.Chinese speeches give priority to the ―meaning‖, while western speeches are accustomed to emphasizing on the ―scene‖.For instance, Chinese President Hu Jintao attended the 2008 Opening Ceremony of Boao Forum for Asia(BFA)Annual Conference and delivered a speech Adhere to Reform and Opening-up and Promote Win-win Cooperation.He first pointed out that ―Since the establishment of Boao Forum, it has played a significant part in promoting mutual 貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

understanding and friendship among the people of the world in Asia and advancing the communication and cooperation between Asian countries and business community‖.(Hu, 2008)President Hu started his speech from the existing meaning of FBA, possessing the typical Chinese speech style.However, US President Barack Obama started his speech from the second sentence of the Inaugural Address with the real scene ―It is the answer that told by the voters who stretches around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours.This is the first time in life in vote for many of them, because they believed that time must be different, that their voices could make this time different as well‖.The inaugural address has a typical western speech style.These two distinctive speech styles are characterized by national history, traditional government speech and other factors.―Meaning first‖ manifests the dignity of our Chinese nation, and ―scene(case)first‖ shows the charm of speech.Each has its own merits.On the other hand, the second aspect occurs in the orator’s personal style.Chinese political speeches are specialized in ―teaching within words, while western speeches lie in ―lively and realistic expression‖.Chinese political speeches place value upon ―selflessness‖，while western celebration speeches attach importance to ―individualism‖.Chinese political speeches tend to have the profound implication of summary, with a little government officials’ individual language.It’s hard to find the shadow of ―me‖.However, western politicians deliver a speech with the thought of ―I ‖ everytime and everywhere.‖

Affected by the deep–rooted traditional thoughts, Chinese politicians highlight the overall achievement and developing direction when they deliver speeches, rarely mention individuality.On the

contrary，western

politicians

frequently

intersperse

with citizens’ individual scenes, life, opinion, attitudes, etc, striving to make the serious speech full of emotional or perceptual color.Ⅳ.Translation Methods of English Political Speech 4.1 Translation Introduction of English Political Speech English political speech translation is not only a conversation between two languages, but also a communication between cultures.4.2 Translation Standard of English Political Speech 貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

At first, there are great differences between Chinese and English.English emphases on hypotaxis and pays more attention to the completeness of grammatical form, logical form and rigorous sentence structures.Chinese lays emphasis on parataxis and hightlights the symmetry of vocabulary and sentence pattern.Consequently, appropriate translation of English political speeches should cater to the expression of target language as conveying information.At the same time, English political speeches should convey speaker’s passion and wisdom to infect the target readers and listeners and make them accept contents easily.Sometimes, it is difficult for target readers to understand when original speech contents are directly translated into target language.Under such circumstances, communicative translation method is recommended, which can be easier to accept for readers and increase the readability of target text through adding notes or paraphrases to original language.4.3 Translation Methods and Application of English Political Speech 4.3.1 Paraphrase

Paraphrase is one of the proper translation methods that could make target readers comprehend an English political speech more directly and explicitly, namely, translators could use target language to explain the meaning of original text.Paraphrase is a kind of explanation translation method.It needs to precisely translate the original words with cultural background information and reflect its connotative significance in the target language, so that target readers may understand the target text better.(1)Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states.(Obama,2008)這些美國(guó)人像世界表明，我們從來(lái)都不僅僅是個(gè)體的集合，或是共和黨與民主黨的集合。

The ―red states‖ and ―blue States‖ refer to the number of vote distribution tendency of elections in the United States.The blue states represent the voters who tend to support the Democratic Party.While the red states represent the voters who support the Republican Party.Translating ―red‖ and ―blue‖ into the red color and the blue color directly is not easy for target readers to understand.Therefore, we translate then into the Republican Party and the Democratic Party by paraphrase method.(2)Let US remember that，if this financial crisis taught US anything，it’s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers.(Obama,2008)貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

讓我們銘記。如果說(shuō)這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)有什么教訓(xùn)的話(huà)，那就是，當(dāng)普通民眾的生活受到重創(chuàng)，華爾街也不可能維持繁榮。

Here the original meaning of ―Main Street‖ refers to the avenue of American town, while it actually means the common people who believe in traditional American values.This example fully shows the usage of paraphrase in English political speech.4.3.2 Borrowing Borrowing is a translation method that the translated version should be in accordance with the foreign words’ morphological structure and word formation principle, namely, borrowing Chinese to elaborate words or expressions in original English text.For example, the translator may use Chinese four-character idioms and common sayings to translate original English language.You feel invisible when your medical insurance disappears and college is out of reach．

如果你的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)人間蒸發(fā)，大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)令你望而卻步，你肯定會(huì)有被遺棄的感覺(jué)。

Translating ―disappear‖ and ―out of reach‖ into ―人間蒸發(fā)‖ and ―望而卻步‖ can not only express the original meaning, but also meet the expression habit of target language.Borrowing four-character makes speech content clear and straightforward.(2)Yes，we must provide more ladders to success for young men who fall into lives of crime and despair．(Obama, 2008:3)的確，對(duì)于那些誤入歧途、陷于絕望的失足青年，我們必須提供更多的幫助使他們走向成功。

The ―fall into lives of crime‖ and ―despair‖ are translated into “誤入歧途” and “陷入絕望” in this sentence.Since Chinese expression and English statement are very similar in meaning, such translation method of borrowing makes the translation more authentic and achieves the effect of conveying information.4.3.3 Omission Omission refers to omit some conjunctions and prepositions to make translated versions sound smooth and succinct.First of all, English sentences connected by using conjunctions to express the logical relationship between sentences, while Chinese can show connections between sentences without using conjunctions.Therefore, parataxis-prominent Chinese may 貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

omit the conjunctions as long as the meaning can be maintained obviously.Secondly, Chinese rarely use prepositions.Thus omission of the prepositions can make the target text meet the expression habit of Chinese.(1)This has always been your campaign and this is your victory，because your support has meant the difference between winning and losing．

這一直是屬于你們的競(jìng)選，這也是屬于你們的勝利，正是你們的支持決定了勝利。

―And‖ ―because‖ and ―between‖ can be omitted in this sentence, which makes the target text become natural rather than stiff and accord with the expression habit of target language.(2)But I can assure you，as I have said on many occasions that no matter what happens，I will work for the nominee of the Democratic Party，because we must win in November．

我已多次承諾，現(xiàn)在還要再次承諾，無(wú)論發(fā)生什么，我會(huì)繼續(xù)奮斗，力爭(zhēng)成為民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人。我們必須贏得十一月大選。

Omitting the ―but‖, ―as‖ and ―because‖ is more suitable for the Chinese expression.The sentence can also be more reasonable and coherent.4.3.4 Amplification Amplification means supplying relevant information in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original text.There can be further supplements of the hidden information so that the translation text could elaborate the original meaning.And it is that promise that forty five years ago today，brought Americans from every corner of this land to stand together on a Mall in Washington，before Lincoln’s Memorial，and hear a young preacher from Georgla speak of his dream.（Martin Luther King ,2007:5）

正是因?yàn)檫@一承諾，在四十五年前的今天，從這片土地的各個(gè)角落，美國(guó)人走到一起，聚集在林肯紀(jì)念堂前，華盛頓的一個(gè)林蔭大道上。聆聽(tīng)來(lái)自佐治亞州的一位年輕牧師(馬丁·路德·金)講述他的夢(mèng)想。

Here, ―a young preacher from Georgia‖ refers to Martin Luther King.He delivered the speech ―I Have a Dream” on the steps of the Lincon Memorial 45 years ago.Adding comments makes the translated text more complete and understandable.1)Tomorrow，I will attend a gathering of the United Nations Development Fund for Women．(Liu Zhirong, 2010:12)貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

明天。我還會(huì)參加聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)展基金會(huì)舉辦的關(guān)注婦女問(wèn)題會(huì)議。

Here, the United Nations Development Fund for Women should add ―婦女問(wèn)題會(huì)議‖in translation, which could let the meaning of sentence more intact.Only in this way can fully express the text’s original meaning.V.Conclusion After above analysis, the author will make a brief conclusion.Firstly, the thesis proposes a rough idea of linguistic features of English political speech.There are rhetoric features, religious features and sentence features in English political speech.Furthermore, by the differences and similarities of English political speeches and Chinese political speeches, we could use some translation methods such as interpretation, borrowing, omission and amplification in order to convey and understand the English political speech better.The discussion about the E-C translation of English political speech is not complete.It is only my own stance and there are still some points in this thesis that need to be further proved.At the very start, the materials collected in this thesis are far from abundant.Besides, because of the limitation of energy and time, this thesis only gives a general view on English political speech translation and has not specific explanation for each translation method.In brief, since great efforts have been contributed to this thesis, the author expect that this dissertation can catch more attention of researches and translators in this area.貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1]David.Public Speaking Strategies for Success [M].Boston: Ally&Bacom, 1999.[2]Newmark.Approaches to Translation [M].Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd, 1991.[3]Roberts.Rhetoric [M].北京交通大學(xué)出版社，1924: 281-286.[4]魏芳.政治演講語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)分析與翻譯方法[J].北京：印刷學(xué)院大學(xué)英語(yǔ)部, 2005.[5]胡錦濤.堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放，推進(jìn)合作共贏[J].新華網(wǎng)，2008:129-131.[6]勃朗特譯.影響你一生的名人勵(lì)志演講[M].海豚出版社,2011:11.[7]馬丁·路德著，劉植榮譯.美國(guó)20世紀(jì)經(jīng)典演講100篇[M].江西人民出版社，07:12.[8]劉植榮.美國(guó)21世紀(jì)最震撼的聲音[M].江西人民出版社，2010:23.[9]任憲寶.奧巴馬演說(shuō)—跨越族的聲音[M].中國(guó)言實(shí)出版社，2014：7.貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The completion of this essay would not have been possible without the encouragement, the guidance, and the support of many other people.First of all, I would extend my sincere and heartfelt thanks to my supervisor Professor Yang Dingting who has given me valuable suggestions and insightful comments in the essay writing.She has also spent much time going through brainstorming with me, put my work on the right track, read in great details every draft of every section of this essay, and helped improve the appropriateness of English used.My gratitude to Miss Yang knows no bound.Special thanks also go to my family for their unfailing support and love throughout my university study.貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）

補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明：

1.論文使用英語(yǔ)撰寫(xiě)，不少于3000字。

2.頁(yè)碼：目錄用羅馬數(shù)字(Ⅰ、Ⅱ┄┄)單獨(dú)編頁(yè)碼，頁(yè)碼位于頁(yè)面底端居中。畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）主體部分與后置部分的頁(yè)碼從畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的摘要開(kāi)始，至附錄結(jié)束，用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字連續(xù)編排，頁(yè)碼位于頁(yè)面底端居中。頁(yè)碼為5號(hào)Times New Roman。

3.數(shù)字和字母：Times New Roman 字體；中文：仿宋字體（摘要、參考文獻(xiàn)等處）

4．封面及Declaration頁(yè)單面打印、其余頁(yè)雙面打印。

頁(yè)邊距：上2cm，下2cm，左2.5 cm，右1.5 cm，裝訂線0.5cm，頁(yè)眉1.2cm，頁(yè)腳1.5cm。

5．頁(yè)眉以小五號(hào)宋體字鍵入“貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)），居左?！?“貴州師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）” 從摘要頁(yè)開(kāi)始，下面應(yīng)有一條橫線。

第五篇：“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”活動(dòng)演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)分析

“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”活動(dòng)演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)分析

摘要：本文通過(guò)對(duì)“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”活動(dòng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演講的觀察統(tǒng)計(jì)，分析了“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”活動(dòng)中演講的語(yǔ)言組織和運(yùn)用，總結(jié)出該活動(dòng)中演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。旨在為各高?！澳M聯(lián)合國(guó)”團(tuán)隊(duì)的培訓(xùn)提供指導(dǎo)。另一方面，有助于深化國(guó)內(nèi)高校對(duì)該活動(dòng)中演講語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)的認(rèn)識(shí)，促進(jìn)“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”活動(dòng)在中國(guó)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)；演講；語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)

“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”是一項(xiàng)國(guó)際性的大學(xué)院校的學(xué)生活動(dòng)，由“聯(lián)合國(guó)”，“聯(lián)合國(guó)世界聯(lián)邦組織”及各個(gè)國(guó)家的“聯(lián)合國(guó)協(xié)會(huì)”共同指導(dǎo)和管理，其最主要的活動(dòng)是每年召開(kāi)國(guó)際“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)”。其具體形式為：各國(guó)的各院校成立各自的模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)團(tuán)隊(duì)――作為“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”的成員國(guó)，在大會(huì)上模擬“聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議全過(guò)程，模擬履行“聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議的職責(zé)。在模擬會(huì)議上，學(xué)生們扮演成所代表國(guó)的外交官，探討并決策世界首要問(wèn)題?；顒?dòng)自2002年正式被引進(jìn)中國(guó)大陸，已在中國(guó)發(fā)展近八年時(shí)間，在此期間，“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”活動(dòng)猶如雨后春筍般在中國(guó)各高校蓬勃發(fā)展。會(huì)議上代表們圍繞給定議題，以聯(lián)合國(guó)演講辯論的方式闡述各自國(guó)家立場(chǎng)?！澳M聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議上，各國(guó)代表演講使用的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)與真正的聯(lián)合國(guó)語(yǔ)言有相似之處，但又不盡相同，在其不斷發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，形成了獨(dú)有的語(yǔ)言選取和運(yùn)用特點(diǎn)。下面，筆者以模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議中實(shí)地記錄的語(yǔ)料為素材，就“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”演講的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)作詳細(xì)解析。

一、演講過(guò)程的邏輯性強(qiáng)

“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議演講作為一種政治性演講，要求其具備政治性演講的基本特點(diǎn)：1.深刻的思想政治性；2.嚴(yán)密的邏輯性；3.強(qiáng)烈的說(shuō)服性。嚴(yán)密的邏輯要作為演講的線索貫穿始終，尤其是在“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議上，這一點(diǎn)特別明顯。因?yàn)槟M討論的議題可能代表們之前從未接觸過(guò)，只有兩三個(gè)月甚至一個(gè)月的時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)行調(diào)研；加之扮演各個(gè)國(guó)家的代表們來(lái)自不同國(guó)家，其中包括英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的代表，也包括英語(yǔ)作為第二外語(yǔ)的代表，他們所講的英語(yǔ)口音不同，在不同程度上會(huì)造成理解上的困難。因此，嚴(yán)密的邏輯性顯得尤為重要。在2009年由香港模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)協(xié)會(huì)HKMUNC舉辦香港理工大學(xué)承辦的香港國(guó)際模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議社會(huì)與人文委員會(huì)上，代表們討論的第一個(gè)議題為：世界饑餓。因?yàn)閰⒓踊顒?dòng)的學(xué)生來(lái)自15個(gè)國(guó)家的不同地區(qū)，在討論由西北工業(yè)大學(xué)所扮演的德國(guó)代表提出的生物燃料種植問(wèn)題時(shí)，部分代表未調(diào)研此議題，因此會(huì)議陷入僵局。但是西北工業(yè)大學(xué)德國(guó)代表利用正式磋商的時(shí)間，首先介紹了生物燃料的定義以及它和普通燃料的區(qū)別，再次說(shuō)明生物燃料對(duì)亞非拉國(guó)家糧食生產(chǎn)的影響，最后闡明德國(guó)對(duì)生物燃料種植的態(tài)度和措施。具有嚴(yán)密邏輯的演講附加明確的關(guān)系副詞使在場(chǎng)的代表對(duì)生物燃料有了一定的了解，從而使得會(huì)議繼續(xù)順利進(jìn)行。

二、演講內(nèi)容的立場(chǎng)性強(qiáng)

19世紀(jì)英國(guó)首相帕麥斯頓有句名言：英國(guó)沒(méi)有永遠(yuǎn)的朋友，也沒(méi)有永遠(yuǎn)的敵人，只有永遠(yuǎn)的利益。國(guó)家利益要求“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議中的演講必須遵循現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)際社會(huì)中國(guó)家的真實(shí)立場(chǎng)。在會(huì)議開(kāi)始前代表收到會(huì)議國(guó)家分配的時(shí)候，就應(yīng)該意識(shí)到在“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議上沒(méi)有“世界人”，只有“國(guó)家人”。同時(shí)也應(yīng)該拋開(kāi)作為一個(gè)中國(guó)人的立場(chǎng)，站在所代表國(guó)家的立場(chǎng)上考慮問(wèn)題。因此，在隨之而來(lái)的模擬會(huì)議上進(jìn)行演講時(shí)務(wù)必遵循各國(guó)立場(chǎng)。比如2010年西安交通大學(xué)模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議大會(huì)第六委員會(huì)巴西代表在演講中這樣說(shuō)道：Brazil has complied with its obligation to boost sustainable development under international law.Brazil agrees to meet and maintain the emission level set by the Kyoto Protocol.上述話(huà)語(yǔ)表明巴西承認(rèn)京都議定書(shū)對(duì)于在減少碳排放量方面對(duì)于巴西的要求，同時(shí)巴西同意在國(guó)家法律范圍內(nèi)履行關(guān)于減排應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。這明確肯定了巴西在節(jié)能和控制氣候變化方面愿意承擔(dān)的義務(wù)和責(zé)任――按照京都議定書(shū)中1990年國(guó)家炭元素排放量的相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行減排。這是巴西關(guān)于減排的最低底線和能夠承擔(dān)的最重義務(wù)，超過(guò)這條線將會(huì)逾越巴西的國(guó)家立場(chǎng)。此外，許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家的代表在“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議上經(jīng)常將國(guó)家主權(quán)作為與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和工業(yè)化國(guó)家進(jìn)行合作的底線。例如，朝韓合作中，韓國(guó)同意對(duì)朝鮮進(jìn)行糧食和經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，但是涉及到韓國(guó)專(zhuān)家能夠深入援助到何種程度時(shí)，朝鮮會(huì)限定援助領(lǐng)域，并規(guī)定糧食援助的區(qū)域，超過(guò)這個(gè)區(qū)域則認(rèn)為是僭越國(guó)家主權(quán)的行為，不但援助不會(huì)被接受，還會(huì)引起矛盾爭(zhēng)端，甚至戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，帶有很強(qiáng)的立場(chǎng)性和原則性。

三、演講態(tài)度明確，語(yǔ)氣堅(jiān)定

“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議的演講屬政治演講，要求態(tài)度必須明確，不能吞吞吐吐，模棱兩可。在真正的國(guó)際政治舞臺(tái)上，國(guó)家的政治立場(chǎng)都是堅(jiān)定的。在2008年西北工業(yè)大學(xué)舉辦的模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議大會(huì)第三委員會(huì)獲得最佳立場(chǎng)文件獎(jiǎng)的荷蘭代表在立場(chǎng)文件的首段中論述說(shuō)：Netherlands strongly believes that the further cooperation between all member states to balance the economic development and environmental protection has become ever so important.上句論述中的strongly，all和so重讀，語(yǔ)氣堅(jiān)定地表明荷蘭代表的國(guó)家立場(chǎng)是要求所有國(guó)際成員之間應(yīng)該在平衡經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和保護(hù)環(huán)境的問(wèn)題上進(jìn)行合作，而且合作十分之必要。而這一類(lèi)的詞匯還有很多，如definitely，absolutely，strictly等，也可達(dá)到同樣效果。

另一方面，態(tài)度明朗還要善于區(qū)別分寸?！坝捎诳陀^事物是千變?nèi)f化的，因而對(duì)某一事物的肯定或者否定態(tài)度不會(huì)都是等量的。應(yīng)該善于從中找出細(xì)微差別，區(qū)分它們的分寸，絕不要一律肯定或者一律否定，把問(wèn)題絕對(duì)化?！痹凇澳M聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議中，不同國(guó)家對(duì)于議題往往首先有自己國(guó)家既定的立場(chǎng)和底線，隨著會(huì)議的一步步深入，只有通過(guò)不同國(guó)家代表之間進(jìn)行磋商、妥協(xié)和讓步，會(huì)議才能達(dá)成一定的共識(shí)，從而解決國(guó)際問(wèn)題。因此，代表在進(jìn)行國(guó)家立場(chǎng)的演講時(shí)，往往會(huì)在一些特定問(wèn)題上保持模糊態(tài)度或者直接不表明本國(guó)在該問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)，從而為以后的磋商讓出空間。

四、具有一定的重復(fù)性

“模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)”會(huì)議上代表們輪流進(jìn)行發(fā)言演講，并且大部分時(shí)間以演講的方式闡明國(guó)家立場(chǎng)，展現(xiàn)個(gè)人魅力。但是有時(shí)會(huì)場(chǎng)上國(guó)家眾多，個(gè)人演講的機(jī)會(huì)不多，且每次演講的時(shí)間有限。例如2011年北京大學(xué)舉辦的亞洲模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議大會(huì)（General Assembly）會(huì)場(chǎng)上共有代表90個(gè)國(guó)家的180位代表，正式的會(huì)期不到三天，加之會(huì)議流程較復(fù)雜，動(dòng)議失敗又會(huì)造成時(shí)間上的浪費(fèi)，能夠分配給代表們進(jìn)行個(gè)人演講的時(shí)間很少。所以，國(guó)家代表進(jìn)行立場(chǎng)演說(shuō)時(shí)對(duì)于演講的頭尾盡量不斷重復(fù)國(guó)家立場(chǎng)，以加強(qiáng)其他國(guó)家代表對(duì)本國(guó)立場(chǎng)的印象。比如，2011年北京大學(xué)亞洲模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)中，糧食計(jì)劃署（WFP）的伊拉克代表在演講的首段中說(shuō)道：Thus，Iraq strongly believes that addressing FFA through the cooperation among international society members has ever become so significant.在最后一段中，重復(fù)說(shuō)道：Iraq calls on all member states to have further cooperation to carry out the Food for Assets Projects in extreme poor countries under the arrangement of World Food Programme.Moreover，Iraq emphasizes the vital role of the United Nations and believes the UN can formulate an ideal universal standard for all countries in need，especially conflicts occur.最后又再次強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)：Only when all member countries work together，can the cycle of hunger be broken and bring a golden future for all human.首段伊拉克提出建議，希望國(guó)際社會(huì)成員加強(qiáng)合作，推進(jìn)食品換資產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目（Food for Assets Programme），體現(xiàn)出伊拉克對(duì)饑餓問(wèn)題的立場(chǎng)。而尾段再次提出：只有當(dāng)國(guó)家社會(huì)各個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)行合作，世界饑餓圈才能被打破，最終消除饑餓問(wèn)題。伊拉克代表通過(guò)重復(fù)，達(dá)到了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的效果，吸引了其它國(guó)家代表的注意力，能夠幫助其它國(guó)家了解和關(guān)注伊拉克的立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)。