第一篇：英語培訓(xùn)課程,聽力閱讀考點(diǎn)詞庫

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英語培訓(xùn)課程，聽力閱讀考點(diǎn)詞庫

【引言】

考生在接受英語聽力閱讀培訓(xùn)時聽得最多、說的最多的是定位詞，又叫核心詞Keywords。這種詞就像路標(biāo)一樣，能快速幫助考生找到某道題在原文的出處。

其實(shí)，還有一種比Keywords更核心更重要的單詞，它代表的是這道題目的測試目的，我們可以把它叫做考點(diǎn)詞Tested words。

國內(nèi)英語考試如四六級考研，國外的英語考試如雅思托福，都有各自的測試?yán)砟?、體和目的。反應(yīng)在外部，是考試的流程形式、卷子上的題型不同；反應(yīng)在本質(zhì)，是考點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)的不同。

這篇文章論述了我對劍橋雅思考點(diǎn)詞的研究過程和心得，寫在《劍橋雅思閱讀考點(diǎn)詞真經(jīng)》和《劍橋雅思聽力考點(diǎn)詞真經(jīng)》這兩本書即將出版之際。希望能夠拋磚引玉，有更多的教學(xué)同行加入，完善豐富考點(diǎn)詞理論，讓廣大的考生受益。

【考點(diǎn)詞定義】

所謂考點(diǎn)詞，就是在測試環(huán)節(jié)中，表征測試目的的詞匯。

英語考試是對實(shí)用英語的沙盤模擬，每道題目映射著真實(shí)世界交流中的一個重要技能細(xì)節(jié)。

雅思考試的目的是測試非母語者在英語環(huán)境中運(yùn)用英語有效交流的能力。對于劍橋雅思這種世界性、權(quán)威、學(xué)術(shù)的考試來說，每一道題目的測試目的都經(jīng)過了反復(fù)的論證和篩選，反映了非母語者在英語環(huán)境中（留學(xué) 和生活）必須掌握和理解的最重要、最典型、最高頻的交流場景和相對應(yīng)的語言信息。

這些最重要的、為保證有效交流所必須理解的語言信息被逐步細(xì)化，最終分割成為最小的信息承載單元——單詞，設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)入了各種各樣的題型中，成為了每道題目測試的終極

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目的。

這些單詞就是雅思聽力和閱讀考點(diǎn)詞?！究键c(diǎn)詞特點(diǎn)】

在聽力理解和閱讀理解考試的每一道題目中，命題者所設(shè)計(jì)的最重要的題目和原文的同義替換單詞（或反義詞駁斥設(shè)計(jì)）。

如果考生認(rèn)識這個單詞，這道題就能做對；反之，則做錯。是這道題測試的最終目的。有的題目考點(diǎn)詞不止一個。

考點(diǎn)詞會被不同的閱讀文章，不同的聽力對話，不同的題型反復(fù)考查。

① 原因：because, since, now that（既然）as, for, this reason...② 結(jié)果：so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result...③ 時間：after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays...④ 條件：if, only if, once, unless, in the event(that), in case(that), provided that, on the condition that...⑤ 讓步：though, although, even though(if), no matter what / how / when→ whatever / however / whenever...⑥ 目的：in order that, in order to, to，⑦ 比較：than, as...as, by comparison（相比較），by contrast（相對照）...

第二篇：英語中級聽力課程Lesson 21and22

Lesson 21

Stuart: What did you do last night then? Did you work all night?

Judy: Yes, I did some work(Yes)but erm...I watched a bit of TV...(Uh-huh)got to relax, you know.Stuart: Did you watch the football?

Judy: No, no I didn't.I can't bear football.Stuart: Really?

Judy: Yes.I really hate it.(Yes)Well, actually, just before the football came on, I switched over(Yes)just to...just to protest.Stuart: What did you see then?

Judy: Well, I saw the programme before...just the end of a film(Uh-huh)that was on before the football.It looked quite good actually.It's a shame I didn't erm...switch on earlier.It was some kind of love story...with Dustin Hoffman, you know, the erm...Stuart: The Graduate?

Judy: That's it.The Graduate.Stuart: Yes.I know.I've seen that.(Yes)Yes, good...good film.Judy: Yes, and nice music.(Mm-mm)And then, when the football came on I turned over.Stuart: Terrible, terrible!

Judy: I hate it!I really can't stand it.Stuart: It was a great game!

Judy: Yes?(What did)Who was playing?

Stuart: England of course.(Oh)What did you see then that was more important than football?

Judy: Foxes.Yes, a good programme on foxes.(Uh-huh)Yes, they spent ages watching these foxes in a house.(Yes)They were watching them all night and these little baby foxes...it was tremendous.Stuart: Yes, sounds all right.Judy: Yes, it was good;better than football...and then, then I turned over, back to the other channel(Mm-mm)to see who won the football, but I missed it and I just saw the beginning of the News and packed up and went to bed.Stuart: Well, I'm sorry you missed it.It was a good game.Judy: Yes? Who did win?

Stuart: England, of course.Who do you think?(Ah)Six nil.(Yes)Yes.Judy: Must have been quite good then!

Stuart: Yes, it was good, actually.It was very good.(Mm)Commentator: It's Carter to serve—he needs just one more point.He serves.AND SMITH MISSES!WHAT A GREAT SERVE!...So the championship goes to 19-year-old Harry Carter.Who d've believed it a week ago? Poor old Smith just shakes his head in bewilderment.Well, well!What a way to finish it off!...And now I'll hand you over to Peter Plumber, who's on court waiting to interview the two finalists.Plumber: Thank you, David.Well Harry, congratulations on a marvellous victory.You were on tremendous form.Carter: Thank you, Peter.Nice of you to say so.You know, well, I think I won because, well, I just knew all along I was in with a good chance.Plumber: Yes, you certainly were pretty convincing today, but what about the earlier rounds? Any nervous moments?

Carter: Well, you know, I was a bit nervous against Jones when he took the lead in the second set, but then...er...Plumber: Yes, that was in the quarter-finals, wasn't it? And of course you met Gardener in the next round, didn't you? Er...the score was...er...6-4, 7-5, wasn't it?

Carter: Yes, that was quite a tough match, I suppose, but...er...Plumber: Anything else you'd like to add?

Carter: Well, I would like to say how sorry I am for John Fairlight not making it past the quarter-finals.He's unbeatable, you know, on his day, and...er...I'd also like to say what a terrific job the officials here have done you know, the ballboys and linesmen and umpires and so on.You know...er...lots of players have been complaining, but...er...Plumber: Well, that's great.Harry, Well done again.And now let's have a quick word with the runner-up to the title, Mark Smith.If you just stand over here, Mark...that's right...Well, bad luck, Mark.It wasn't really your day, was it? I mean, what a terrible final set!Anyway, the less said about that the better, as I'm sure you'll agree.Smith: Yeah, but you know, I did pretty well to beat Hutchins in the semis and...er...what's his name?...Brown in the quarter-finals.And, I mean, what a terrible umpire, eh? I mean, half of Carter's points were on...er...doubtful decisions, weren't they?

Plumber: Well, that's probably a bit of an exaggeration, but anyway it's time for us to leave the tournament now at the end of a tremendously exciting week, and I hand you back to the studio in London.Chairman: Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, I declare the meeting open, and I take it you all have a copy of the agenda, so we'll take the minutes of our last meeting as read and get straight down to business.Now, the proposal before you is that we should see if we can reduce the size of the Olympic Games in any way and thereby ease the burden placed on the host city.We all know that each time we hold the Games this burden increases because of the vast undertaking it is to host them.Today, however, I only want to sound out your opinion of this proposal, so this is really no more than an exploratory meeting.Mrs.Armstrong: Could I say something straight away, Mr.Chairman?

Chairman: Yes, Mrs.Armstrong.Mrs.Armstrong: I can't accept your proposal at all on the grounds that I feel that to reduce the size of the Olympic Games would seriously damage their character, detract from their universal appeal and penalize certain countries if we start arbitrarily throwing things out before...Herr Müller: Yes, Mrs.Armstrong, if I may interrupt you for a moment.I think we all sympathize with your point of view, but we mustn't overlook the main point of this meeting put forward by the Chairman, which is to see if we can cut down the programme a bit, without in any way damaging the overall appeal of the Games, so let's not reject the proposal out of hand before we've had a chance to discuss it.Mrs.Armstrong: Very well, Herr Müller, but I'd like to state here and now that I'm totally opposed to any reduction in the number of events in the Games.Chairman: Your objections will be noted, Mrs.Armstrong, but to get back to the point of the meeting, could I hear from the rest of you what you feel? Sr.Cordoba, for example, what's your opinion?

Sr.Cordoba: Reluctant as I am to alter the composition of the Olympic Games, I can see the point that in terms of space and financial demands, the host city is subjected to a lot of difficulty.The costs seem to soar phenomenally every time we stage the Olympics, so we might be able to make one or two savings here and there.There is, for instance, quite a strong lobby against boxing because of its apparently violent nature so I did wonder if...Mrs.Armstrong: But that is one of the most popular sports in the world, and one of the oldest.Sr.Cordoba: Agreed, but people get a lot of boxing on their television screens all the year round, so I was just thinking that we might be able to drop that from the programme.Football, too, is another thing which already enjoys a lot of television coverage, and as it takes up a lot of space accommodating all the football pitches, mightn't we also perhaps consider dropping that too?

Mrs.Patel: Mr.Chairman...Chairman: Yes, Mrs.Patel.Mrs.Patel: I wholeheartedly endorse what Sr.Cordoba said about boxing and football.In my opinion we should concentrate on some of the more unusual sports which are rarely seen on our screens such as fencing and archery, for a change, since it is on TV that the majority of people watch the Games.Herr Müller: Perhaps we could cut out hockey along with football because, relatively speaking, that too takes up a lot of space, as measured against its universally popular appeal.Mrs.Patel: I can see your point, Herr Müller, and as one of the basic tenets of the Olympic Games is individual excellence, I feel we ought to concentrate on those sports which really are a true test of the individual, I, therefore, suggest we cut out—that is, if we go ahead with this idea—the team games such as basketball, volleyball, football and hockey.Mrs.Armstrong: But then you're sacrificing some of the most interesting items in the programme.People like to watch team games as well as take part in them;it'll be very dull without them.Chairman: I think Mrs.Armstrong has made a very valid point.We ought to keep some of the team games, although I am inclined to agree with what has been said about football.Sr.Cordoba: There's one thing I would like to say about this and that is to suggest that we could remove from the programme sports like sailing and canoeing and possibly the equestrian events, where the test is not so much of the stamina of the competitor but of his skill in handling the boat or whatever.Mrs.Armstrong: What about the pentathlon, then? Riding is one part of that, so we are going to need facilities to cater for that in any case, so why not use them for horse-riding as well—or do you think we should axe that too?

Chairman: Well, let's not get too heated about it, as this is only a preliminary discussion about possibilities and we are not yet in a position to make any final decisions.I will, however, briefly summarize what has been said so far, as I understand it.Mrs.Armstrong is totally opposed to reducing the size of the Games in any way at all.There is one body of opinion in favour of removing from the Games those sports which are already well represented in other international contests and in the media.Another strand of thought is that we should concentrate on individual excellence by cutting out the team games featured in the programme, and Mrs.Patel suggested we ought to focus attention on the more unusual sports in the programme which do not normally gain so much international attention.Sr.Cordoba also brought up the idea that we could drop boxing because of its seemingly violent nature.There was also an opinion voiced that we might exclude events where the skills of a competitor in handling a horse or yacht, for example, were being tested, rather than the stamina of the individual himself, as is the case with, say, athletics.Well, it is quite clear that we shall need to discuss this further, but in the meantime I think we'd better move on to something else...1.The houses they lived in were not meant to be permanent dwellings;as a matter of fact, we have no remaining evidence of their houses.Probably in the summertime they lived up on the mesa top near their fields, in temporary structures made of poles and brush.In winter they most likely moved down to the caves in the cliffs for warmth and protection against the snow.2.People were experimenting and changing their methods of potting;the broken pieces are evidence of the steps in the process.The first attempt at pottery came as women mixed clay, a kind of dirt, with water to make pots.When the clay dried, however, it crumbled and fell apart.Clearly this would not work.The second idea was to add extra material to bind the clay together: grass, straw, or pieces of bark.This held the pot together very well until it was set on the fire.Then the binding material burned up, leaving a pot full of holes.Again the Anasazi women tried to find the secret of success.They added sand or volcanic grit to the clay to make it harder, and they baked the pots before using them.This final step proved to be successful, and it is the basic method which is still used today.3.The pots which the women made this way were far superior to baskets for carrying, cooking, and storing food and water.Now the people could add beans, a rich source of protein, to their diet.Water could be stored safely over long periods.Life became much easier, and so effort could now be spent on other developments.4.Their culture developed to its height, and the main improvement was in housing.The earlier pit houses were modified to one-story row houses, made with pieces of stone.Several separate buildings stood near each other like a small village.Some villages were as large as several hundred rooms and could contain as many as a thousand people.The name for this kind of house and for these Indians is “Pueblo”, which is the Spanish word for “village”.Christine: Harry, as an American, have you noticed any strong class distinctions in English society since you've been here?

Harry: Strong class distinctions? Yes, they haven't changed at all—that's what—that's what amuses me—in fifteen years or fourteen years—that the stratification is exactly the same as it was when I first came.It's extraordinary that it pervades everything.Anna: What is class distinction? Because I don't know whether it's what job they do or...Harry: It's people's accents.In Pygmalion, you know, it goes back to, as soon as you open your mouth in England you're immediately you know placed.Anna: Do you mean that there aren't different accents in America?

Harry: Not—of course there are different accents—but they're not as—they're not nearly as clearly defined.Anna: But I mean, don't—doesn't a certain strata of American society use perhaps more slang than another one? More correct?

Harry: Not the way they do in England.In England they seem to really stick together.I mean I went the other week for the first time in my life to a point-to-point and I couldn't believe what I found.There I was in the middle of Lincolnshire and we went through muddy fields and suddenly we came upon this parking lot with nine thousand Range Rovers in it and everyone going 'Oh, hello darling.How are you?' you know and it was hilarious I mean and they were all you know this meeting of the clan and that certainly doesn't happen in America and all those people spoke the same way.Barrie: But that—yes, I live in the middle of the country in the south and I must say when I moved there I noticed—I mean of course I'd been aware of class before that but I had no idea that the lines between them were so rigid.I lived on an estate of a very big and successful farm until recently, and so the farm of course was run by the landed gentry who all went hunting and to point-to-point and all the rest of it.I lived next door to the groom who was—who despised them because they did all this and he had to just get the horses ready, um but at the same time he was terribly fond of them and they of him and there was all this sort of paternalistic attitude to the country workers that still goes on.I was staggered and nobody knew where to put me because I was living in a tied cottage that was tied to the farm, um but because I didn't work with any of them they were all uneasy with me.Most peculiar.Christine: But I think you raise a very good point there Barrie because you're in fact talking about yourself not fitting into either of these two extremes and I'd like to ask Harry again how many classes he can see very clearly defined.Barrie: In England?

Christine: In England, yes.Harry: Well, I guess, three off the top of my head.I mean not counting immigrants and foreigners.Yes, I mean there's the middle class is the most snobbish of all it seems to me.You know, they're the most aware of the whole system really because they're upwardly mobile usually you know they hope to be, and they're the ones—I mean the upper class are what I find extraordinary—they seem to be totally uninhibited for the most part.I think it's extraordinary.I mean I'm not passing any moral judgements on them but it still exists...John: Because they've got the confidence...Anna:...and the money...Barrie:...confidence and the money...John: Well no, I don't think money's much to do with it actually.Anna: How can you change it? I mean how would you change it? Harry: I'm not saying it should be changed...Anna: No, no, no, no.I don't—I mean people do say that it should be changed.Politicians say that we should have total equality which I don't believe you can ever have in anything.Harry: Well there should be equality of opportunity.I mean at least it's a nice ideal to have, isn't it? Public school was hard compared to what I'd had before, day school on the reservation and a year at Sequoyah Government School.I almost flunked eighth grade at the public school, and it was a miracle that I passed.I just didn't know a lot of things, mathematics and stuff.I survived it somehow.I don't know how, but I did.The man who was head of the department of education at the Agency was the only person outside of my family who helped me and encouraged me to get an education.He understood and really helped me with many things I didn't know about.For a long time the white public school for the Big Cypress area would not let Indian children attend.A boy and I were the first Big Cypress Indians to graduate from that school.He is now in the armed forces.After I graduated from high school, I went to business college, because in high school I didn't take courses that would prepare me for the university.I realized that there was nothing for me to do.I had no training.All I could do was go back to the reservation.I thought maybe I'd go to Haskell Institute, but my mother was in a TB hospital, and I didn't want to go too far away.I did want to go on to school and find some job and work.So the director of education, at the Agency said, maybe he could work something out for me so I could go to school down here.I thought bookkeeping would be good because I had had that in high school and loved it.So I enrolled in the business college, but my English was so bad that I had an awful time.I had to take three extra months of English courses.But that helped me.I never did understand why my English was so bad—whether it was my fault or the English I had in high school.I thought I got by in high school;they never told me that my English was so inferior, but it was not good enough for college.It was terrible having to attend special classes.At college the hardest thing was not loneliness but schoolwork itself.I had a roommate from Brighton, one of the three reservations, so I had someone to talk to.The landlady was awfully suspicious at first.We were Indians, you know.She would go through our apartment;and if we hadn't done the dishes, she washed them.We didn't like that.But then she learned to trust us.College was so fast for me.Everyone knew so much more.It was as though I had never been to school before.As soon as I got home, I started studying.I read assignments both before and after the lectures.I read them before so I could understand what the professor was saying, and I read them again afterwards because he talked so fast.I was never sure I understood.In college they dressed differently from high school, and I didn't know anything about that.I learned how to dress.For the first six weeks, though, I never went anywhere.I stayed home and studied.It was hard—real hard.(I can imagine what a real university would be like.)And it was so different.If you didn't turn in your work, that was just your tough luck.No one kept at me the way they did in high school.They didn't say, “OK, I'll give you another week.” Gradually I started making friends.I guess some of them thought I was different.One boy asked me what part of India I was from.He didn't even know there were Indians in Florida.I said, “I'm an American.” Things like that are kind of hard.I couldn't see my family often, but in a way that was helpful because I had to learn to adjust to my new environment.Nobody could help me but myself.Well, I graduated and went down to the bank.The president of the bank had called the agency and said he would like to employ a qualified Indian girl.So I went down there, and they gave me a test, and I was interviewed.And then they told me to come in the following Monday.That's how I went to work.I finished college May 29, and I went to work June 1.I worked there for three years.In the fall of 1966, my father and the president of the Tribal Board asked me to come back to Big Cypress to manage a new economic enterprise there.It seemed like a dream come true, because I could not go back to live at Big Cypress without a job there.But it was not an easy decision.I liked my bank work.You might say I had fallen in love with banking.But all my life I had wanted to do something to help my people, and I could do that only by leaving my bank job in Miami.Being the person I am, I had to go back.I would have felt guilty if I had a chance to help and I didn't.But I told my daddy that I couldn't give him an answer right away, and I knew he was upset because he had expected me to jump at the chance to come back.He did understand, though, that I had to think about it.He knew when I went to live off the reservation that I had had a pretty hard time, getting used to a job, getting used to people.He knew I had accomplished a lot, and it wasn't easy for me to give it up.But that's how I felt.I had to think.At one time it seemed to me that I could never go back to reservation life.But then really, through it all, I always wished there was something, even the smallest thing, that I could do for my people.Maybe I'm helping now.But I can see that I may get tired of it in a year, or even less.But right now I'm glad to help build up the store.If it didn't work out, if the store failed, and I thought I hadn't even tried, I would really feel bad.The basic thing about my feeling is that my brothers and sisters and nieces and nephews can build later on in the future only through the foundation their parents and I build.Maybe Indian parents don't always show their affection;but they have taught us that, even though we have a problem, we are still supposed to help one another.And that is what I am trying to do.Even when we were kids, if we had something and other kids didn't, we must share what we had...By the age of nine, girls were expected to take complete care of younger children.I too had to take care of my little brother and sister.I grew up fast.That's just what parents expected.Now teenagers don't want to do that, so they get angry and take off.Head Start and nurseries help the working mothers because older children don't tend the little ones anymore.The old ways are changing, and I hope to help some of the people, particularly girls about my age, change to something good.There are people on the reservation who don't seem to like me.Maybe they are jealous, but I don't know why.I know they resent me somehow.When I used to come from school or from work back to the reservation, I could tell some people felt like this.I don't think that I have ever, ever, even in the smallest way, tried to prove myself better or more knowing than other people.I have two close friends here, so I don't feel too lonely;but other people my age do not make friends with me.I miss my sister, and I miss my roommate from Miami.My two friends here are good friends.I can tell them anything I want.I can talk to them.That's important, that I can talk to them.That's what I look for in a friend, not their education, but for enjoyment of the same things, and understanding.But there are only two of them.I have not been able to find other friends.The old people think I know everything because I've been to school.But the old people don't have the kind of experience which allows them to understand our problems.They think that it is easy somehow to come back here.They think there is nothing else.They do not understand that there are things I miss on the outside.They do not understand enough to be friends.They are kind, and they are glad that I am educated, but they do not understand my problems.They do not understand loneliness...1.One wonders how, then, these students have arrived at such a false conclusion.One reason, of course, may be that they're science students.Scientific terms generally possess only one, precisely defined, meaning.It is, in fact, exactly this quality that makes these words distinctive in English, or indeed in any other language.Another reason could be the way in which these students were taught English.For example, long vocabulary lists are still an important feature in the foreign language learning programmes of many countries.On one side of the page is the word in English;on the other side a single word in the student's native language.2.Practically all the students think that every word in English had an exact translational equivalent in their own language.Again this is a gross distortion of the truth.Sometimes a word in the student's native language may not have an equivalent in English at all, which may have to employ a phrase as a translation.Sometimes one word in the student's language may be translated by one of two possible words in English.The difficulty that many students have with the two verbs 'do' and 'make' is an example of this.Often the area of meaning covered by one word in the student's language may be wider or narrower than the area of meaning covered by a corresponding word in English.This sometimes happens with the naming of colours, where most students would expect an exact correspondence between their language and English.The borders between the primary colours of the spectrum are, however, drawn at different places in different languages.Translation, in fact, is a particularly difficult thing to do well.It certainly can't be done by matching single words from one language by single words from another.At first, those computer scientists who attempted to construct an automatic translation machine made this mistake.The machines often produced nonsense.3.What, then, is the best way to increase one's vocabulary in a foreign language? This can be answered in three words.Firstly, observation: the unknown word should be observed in its context;in other words, the neighbouring words and the grammatical construction should be noted.A good dictionary should be referred to and examples of the usage of the word should be noted.Secondly, imitation: the student should use the new word in appropriate contexts, imitating the examples he has noted.Finally, repetition: he'll need to practise using the word several times before he's confident that he can use it correctly;in other words, repetition is necessary if the new word is to 'stick', and especially if it is to enter the student's active vocabulary.

第三篇：英語朗文聽力

Video Listening

1.Pre-listening

Talia Santos works as a news researcher for Newsline, a TV news program.It's Tuesday morning.Amy Lee, another Newsline employee, sees Talia and greets her.Look at the picture.What do you think? Predict: How well does Talia know Amy

? ? ? She knows Amy very well.They are co-workers and friends.She doesn't know Amy very well.They are co-workers, but they aren't friends.She has just met Amy recently.Amy is a new employee.(一)1.What does Amy say to Talia?

A.You're trying too hard.B.You're working too hard.C.You're too tired.2.Why does Talia feel tired today? A.She was out late last night.B.She worked late last night.C.She didn't sleep well last night.3.What kind of class are Talia and Amy taking? A.a research class B.a journalism class C.an English class

4.When will Talia do her class assignment? A.She has already done it.B.She's going to do it during her lunch hour.C.She's going to do it after work.（二)

1.Tony is Talia's(select)boss

.2.Talia works hard, but(select)her boss doesn't know it.3.Talia's hair looks messy because(select)she didn't take the time to comb it.4.Talia is taking a class because she wants to be(select)a reporter.2.Listening for Information

Amy and Talia continue their conversation.Talia's boss, Tony, comes over to Talia's cubicle.He wants to talk to Talia.The following sentences are in Talia and Tony's conversation.Predict: Which sentences do you think Tony says?

I have something important to talk to you about.I'm researching the background information for that transportation story.I know you've been hoping for a break.By the way, you look different.Really? That's great!(一)1.What does Amy invite Talia to do? A.go to a party with her B.walk to class with her

C.meet Josh Taylor

2.What is Talia working on now? A.ideas for a new project

B.background information for a story C.plans for a party

3.What does Tony come to see Talia about? A.a big project B.a transportation report

C.her work habits

（二）1.Amy says to Talia, “Come on!Josh Taylor is having a party...You might meet someone.” Amy means that(select)Talia might meet a guy she likes

.2.Talia tells Amy “I'm too busy to go.” Talia probably feels(select)a little annoyed that Amy is trying to make her go to a party

.3.Amy tells Tony, “Talia is always working.” Amy says this because(select)she wants Tony to know that Talia works hard

.4.Tony says, “I have a big project for you.” Talia probably feels(select)little excited

.Vocabulary 2.How Do You Feel?

In the video, Talia says, “I'm in a bad mood.” The word pool below contains additional words and phrases that describe how people feel(their feelings and moods).Click on to see the meanings of these words.When you are sure you understand all the expressions, do the exercise.Click on the answer that means the opposite of each word or phrase.（一）cheerful

1.Nervous A.Tense B.laid-back 2.Energetic A.Exhausted B.Cheerful 3.in a bad mood A.Cheerful B.relaxed

4.Tense A.Exhausted B.Relaxed confident in a great mood

depressed in a bad mood

energetic laid-back

nervous

exhausted relaxed

tense 5.Cheerful A.Depressed B.Confident（二)Practice Complete the sentences.Click on the drop-down box.Then click on the answer.1.Be careful when you talk to Lucy.She's(select)in a bad mood today.2.Kyoko is(select)exhausted because she didn't get enough sleep last night.3.Bob is joking with everyone today.It's strange.He's not usually(select)cheerful.4.Sheila feels really(select)tense because she has too much to do at work.5.Arturo is(select)confident that he is smart enough to handle the big project.6.I'm(select)in a great mood!I just made plans to go out with my friends after work tonight.7.Kim and Rong are so(select)energetic!They never seem to get tired.8.Mrs.Montoya is very(select)depressed

these days.She's out of work and can't find a job.9.Pete is taking a class after work.Tonight is the first exam and he feels(select)nervous about it.8.10.Work was very stressful this week.I hope I'll feel more(select)relaxed after the weekend.

第四篇：英語培訓(xùn)課程,課程總結(jié)

劍橋一班外教課內(nèi)容匯總（Summary of teaching contents）課程安排（Class 1單詞(word）句型（sentence）donut;cake;burger;orange What do you like/want?;banana;pizza;I like/want...hot dog;cookie;sandwichPumpkin;eggplant;potato;carrot;broccoli;tomato;cornWhat do you want？I want...Class 2Class 3What are you doing?Fire truck;ambulance;ship;train;train station;taxi;bus stop;I’m driving/riding/flyingHospital;Where are you going?fire station;mall;school;park;I’m going to mallamusement parkDoctor;fire fighter;nurse;worker;farmer;teacher;driver;Doctor;nurse;firefighter;worker;chef;janitor;dentist;police officer;driver;teacherHe/She is....Who is she?She is nurseWho is he?He is a driverClass 4Class 5Class 6What do you want to be?Class 7Cashier;painter;waiter;waitress;trash;I want to be a doctorcollector;gardener;Where does doctor work?Doctor works at hospital外語授課教師（Foreign Language Teacher）:Jason

第五篇：托福聽力專業(yè)類考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1.地理，（美國名勝，美國地理之最）

要點(diǎn)：在美地位，形成過程（雙選），主要特點(diǎn)

1)落基山脈 The Rocky Mountains 2)五大湖 the Great Lakes：蘇比利爾湖 Lake Superior；密歇根湖 Lake Michigan；休倫湖 Lake Huron；伊利湖 Lake Erie；安大略湖 Lake Ontario；

3)大鹽湖 the Great Salt Lake 4)黃石國家公園 the Yellow Stone National Park 5)大峽谷 the Grand Canyon 6)死谷 the Dead Valley 7)圣海倫斯火山 Mount S.Helens 8)密西西比河 the Mississippi River 9)尼加拉亞大瀑布 Niagara Falls 要點(diǎn)：在美地位，形成過程，主要特點(diǎn)

2.生物學(xué)

a)北美大陸所特有的動植物（vulture、redwood）

b)某種生物的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用（原產(chǎn)于美國或引進(jìn)到美國后的變種）c)瀕危動植物的保護(hù)（造成瀕危的原因及保護(hù)措施）

要點(diǎn)：介紹種屬，具體舉例，主要特點(diǎn)

3.天文學(xué)（難點(diǎn)）

a.行星/恒星/小行星/彗星/星系等一般性介紹 b.觀測手段的進(jìn)步/宇航裝備研究 c.美國值得驕傲的航天成就

要點(diǎn)：關(guān)于星體的類別/特點(diǎn)/演變；關(guān)于技術(shù)/裝備的進(jìn)步之處

4.自然災(zāi)害類（熱點(diǎn)）

a.火山、地震、雪崩、海嘯、颶風(fēng)等自然災(zāi)害的介紹及舉例 b.北美地區(qū)發(fā)生的最大的火山、地震、颶風(fēng)等災(zāi)害 c.防災(zāi)的措施介紹及災(zāi)害預(yù)警 要點(diǎn)：起因（尤其多個起因）/結(jié)果（傷亡數(shù)字可以不記）/可預(yù)測性／預(yù)防措施

參考電影：discovery, Twister，the day after tomorrow.2012

5.氣象學(xué)（近期熱點(diǎn)）

a.風(fēng)、云、雨等形成、分類 b.影響美國的主要天氣現(xiàn)象及預(yù)報 要點(diǎn)：起因結(jié)果/危害分析

參考電影：the weather man/ National Treasure 1、2

6.各個學(xué)科最重要的概念（絕對熱點(diǎn)）

Photosynthesis、Conversation of Energy、Metobolism, El nino、Greenhouse Effect、The Survival of the Fittest、Inflation 要點(diǎn)：概念解釋（段落開頭）+生動例子（中間）+觀點(diǎn)評論（結(jié)尾）7.發(fā)明史

a.年代不是很近的日常生活類發(fā)明 b.美國人的發(fā)明 c.段落開頭談因何興起、中間談主要特點(diǎn)、結(jié)尾談被誰替代

要點(diǎn)：興起原因及主要特點(diǎn)

8.新技術(shù)新產(chǎn)品類

a.主題

topic b.最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)

advantage c.d.e.使用特點(diǎn)

usage 有何缺點(diǎn)

disadvantage 推廣問題（環(huán)保性/經(jīng)濟(jì)性）

1.environment-friendly 2.economical to mass produce 注：按時間及發(fā)展順序

9.歷史（熱點(diǎn)）

a.獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭

重大事件，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注新英格蘭地區(qū)/最初的13個殖民地，代表性人物

b.c.d.e.10.美國政治/政府

a.議會制度（常識性介紹）

b.c.選舉制度（嘗試性介紹）

著名的政治家生平（美國總統(tǒng)）南北戰(zhàn)爭

重大事件，南北軍統(tǒng)帥及貢獻(xiàn)（評價），領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張及開發(fā)西部

經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條后采取的重振措施 美國重大節(jié)日由來

11.著名歷史人物（絕對熱點(diǎn)）

美國歷史中代表性的人物（領(lǐng)袖、作家、藝術(shù)家）

重點(diǎn)關(guān)注：

杰出總統(tǒng)：貢獻(xiàn)、任期內(nèi)發(fā)生的大事

杰出總統(tǒng)：

1.George Washington 2.John Quincy Adams 3.Thomas Jefferson 4.James Monroe 5.Abraham Lincoln 6.Theodore Roosevelt 7.Franklin Delano Roosevelt 杰出作家: 代表作(英文名稱)、創(chuàng)作上的主要特點(diǎn)，如Mark Twain;Walt Whitman;Ernest Hemingway;Edgar Allen Poe;Nathaniel Haw 美國音樂、美術(shù)攝影、建筑電影等：杰出人物(已逝，離現(xiàn)在很遠(yuǎn)，該領(lǐng)域最最有名的)，突破性貢獻(xiàn)在哪兒，如D.W.Griffith;Mathew Brady;George Gershwin;自然科學(xué)家最具代表性質(zhì)的科學(xué)家（很少考），如：Einstein 備考要點(diǎn)：主要作品歸類，比較，風(fēng)格分析 出題要點(diǎn)：

1..最重要的貢獻(xiàn)(開頭，結(jié)尾)；

2.主要代表作及風(fēng)格分析（出雙選/表格題）

3.影響他/她的重要事件（多個時間/地點(diǎn)）注意 the first time.4.后人評價（結(jié)論題）

12.考古學(xué)/人類學(xué)

北美土著居民歷史、生活習(xí)慣的考察研究（印第安土人）要點(diǎn)：由考古發(fā)現(xiàn)引出重要的科學(xué)結(jié)論，并介紹其權(quán)威及科學(xué)性

13.藝術(shù)史（內(nèi)地?zé)狳c(diǎn)）

談某個藝術(shù)分支在美國的發(fā)展歷史（舞蹈/攝影/雕刻/音樂/民間藝術(shù)）要點(diǎn)：發(fā)展過程中的重大事件/代表性人物

14醫(yī)藥疾病

Cough

sneeze

ache

insomnia

runny nose

have ringing in the ear

itchy

burning eye

allergy-allergic

remedy

capsules

tablet

dosage

take it orally

Take it on empty stomach

symptoms

prescription medicine

OTC