第一篇：2018年考研英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)翻譯技巧總結(jié)

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

2018年考研英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)翻譯技巧總結(jié)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)在英語中的使用得比漢語要多，在英語中極為重要。考研中常常涉及到這個(gè)問題。一般說來，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者，不必說出執(zhí)行者或的執(zhí)行者含糊不清時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的對比：

翻譯時(shí)有以下幾種翻譯方法：

①譯成漢語被動(dòng)句：使用“被、受、遭、讓、給、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、為??所”等詞。

②增加主語，即動(dòng)作的實(shí)際發(fā)出者，或虛擬發(fā)出者。

③譯成漢語無主句

另外還有一些常用被動(dòng)句型的習(xí)慣譯法，需要平時(shí)積累，比如：

It is hoped that...希望??，有人希望??

It is assumed that...假設(shè)??，假定??

It is claimed that...據(jù)說??，有人主張??

It is believed that...有人想信??，大家相信??

It is reported that...據(jù)報(bào)道??，據(jù)通報(bào)??

It is considered that...人們認(rèn)為??，據(jù)估計(jì)??

It is said that...據(jù)說??，有人說??

【真題例句】

It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.【解析】

It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.主句：it is imagined，其中it為形式主語，而that引導(dǎo)的that the operations...compared with these processes和that they have to...special training是并列的主語從句，為真正的主語。原文中有三個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)is imagined，be compared和be required，譯成漢語都變成了主動(dòng)表達(dá)：“認(rèn)為”、“相比”和“掌握”。具體為：

（1）It is imagined by many此處是“It+被動(dòng)語態(tài)+that”形式的處理，譯為“很多人認(rèn)為”。

（2）that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,此處所用的是譯成漢語主動(dòng)句的處理方法，并保存原文主語譯為“普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無法與這些思維過程（科學(xué)家的思維過程）相比”。

（3）and that they have to be required by a sort of special training此處所

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

用的是譯成漢語被動(dòng)句的處理方法，譯為“認(rèn)為這些思維過程是必須由某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握”。

【參考譯文】

許多人以為，普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無法與這些思維過程（科學(xué)家的思維過程）相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過程是必須由某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。綜上就是小編給大家提供的高分技巧，技巧就是牢固的知識(shí)點(diǎn)和強(qiáng)悍的答題思路，預(yù)祝所有考生2018考研有個(gè)好成績。

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第二篇：英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)總結(jié)

英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)總結(jié)與練習(xí)

一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式

1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化

被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：

1)am/is/are +done(過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3)am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

A new cinema is being built here．

4)was/were done 一般過去時(shí)

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done 過去完成時(shí)

By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

A meeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done 一般將來時(shí)

Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)should/would be done 過去將來時(shí)

The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done 將來完成時(shí)（少用）

The project will have been completed before July.10)should/would have been done 過去將來完成時(shí)（少用）

He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式

1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞。The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。

His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)。

Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4)在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。

Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài))。

I don't like being laughed at in the public.二、如何使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)

學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不僅要知道被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

1.講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(這時(shí)可省 by 短語)。

My bike was stolen last night.2.借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3.為了更好地安排句子。

The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一個(gè)主語就夠了）

三、It is said that+從句及其他類似句型

一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋to do sth.”。有：

It is said that… 據(jù)說……It is reported that…據(jù)報(bào)道……It is believed that…大家相信……It is hoped that…大家希望…… It is well known that…眾所周知……It is thought that…大家認(rèn)為……It is suggested that…據(jù)建議……

It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.）

四、謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

1.英語中有很多動(dòng)詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。

試比較：The door won't lock．（指門本身有毛?。?/p>

The door won't be locked．（指不會(huì)有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）

2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來的呢？ 3.系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義

在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。

1.在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．這房子需要修理。

2.形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。

The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）

3.動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)

試比較：

I’ll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted?(此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。)

4.在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out.（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5.在too… to…結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

This book is too expensive(for me)to buy.6.在there be…句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）7.在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng), 被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動(dòng)詞rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

Who is to blame for starting the fire?

六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動(dòng)意義

表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。

1.“under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。

The building is under construction(is being constructed).2.“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎……勝過……、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief(令人難以置信)，beyond one’s reach（鞭長莫及），beyond one’s control（無法控制），beyond our hope． 我們的成功始料不及。

The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．

3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等)超過……、高于……”。

His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．

4.“for+名 詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于……、為著……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。

That house is for sale.(= That house is to be sold).5.“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“在……過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。

The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)（）1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.A are held

B were held

C．a(chǎn)re holding

D．will ho1d（）2.In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _

_to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings．

A． is giving

B is given

C will give

D has given（）3.Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular.It _________in.many schools around the world.A.teaches

B.is teaching

C.has taught

D.is taught（）4.Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as “People's Writer”.A.is regarded

B.has regarded

C.is regarding

D.regards（）5.Usually computers _________to search the Internet.A.use

B.are using

C.are used

D.used（）6.--Do you often clean your classroom?

--Yes.Our classroom __________every day.A.clean

B.cleans

C.is cleaned（）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?

一Yes．In fact，it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around．

A． polluted

B was polluted

C has polluted

D．was po11ute（）8.--Our environment is getting worse than before.--You're right.But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保護(hù))the earth since Earth Day.A.is started

B.was started

C.has started（）9.---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host.---Congratulations!A.choose

B.am chosen

C.was chosen

D.haven chosen（）10.Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden．

A．plant

B．planted

C．have planted

D．were planted（）11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.A.will show

B.were shown

C.is shown

D.will be shown（）12.A talk on developments in science and technology

in the school hall next week.A.given

B.will be given

C.has been given

D.gives（）13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.---Right.Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.A.turned up B.put up

C.shown up

D.fixed up（）14.Twelve-year-olds should not

to drive in China.A.allow

B.be allow

C.allowed

D.be allowed（）15.—Do you often clean your classroom?

—Yes, our classroom ______ every day.A.clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.Cleaned 課后練習(xí)

（）1．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet.A.don’t tell

B.didn’t tell

C.haven’t told

D.wasn’t told

（）2．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.A.pull down

B.will be pulled down C.will pull down D.are pulled down（）3．---My watch ______.---Don’t worry.Let’s go to the Lost & Found.A.is lost

B.is broken

C.has found

D.has stopped（）4．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?

---No, I___________.A.am not invited

B.wasn’t invited

C.haven’t invited

D.didn’t invite（）5．--How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?--Once a year.A.does;hold

B.was;hold

C.is;held

D.did;hold（）6．On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty(明朝)_______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.A.sell

B.sold

C.is sold

D.was sold

（）7．The “Thousand-hand Guanyin” ____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.A.has been regarded

B.are regarded

C.has regarded

D.regards（）8．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.—Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.A.painted

B.were painting

C.were painted

D.had painted（）9．---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish

into the dustbin.”

---Sorry.A, has throw

B, was throw

C, must throw

D, must be thrown（）10．The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008． A．will hold

B will be held

C．hold（）11.The girl was often heard

happily in her room.A.sing

B.to sing

C.singing

D.sings（）12.It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.A.will be built

B.was built

C.has built

D.will build（）13.It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.A.will be built

B.was built

C.has built

D.will build（）14.The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.A.is taken

B.was taken

C.takes

D.took（）15.--It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.--I think a bridge _________ over the river.A.was built

B.is being built

C.has been built

D.should be built（）16.--David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it.--But it ________ off already!The music is from the radio.A.so that, has been turned

B.when, has turned

C.if, has been turned

D.because, has turned（）17.Usually John

to school in his father’s beautiful car.A.has taken

B.is taking

C.is taken

D.has been taken（）18.Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow.I mean, today’s work _________ today.A.may do

B.must do

C.may be done

D.must be done（）19.--Look, what an old palace!It looks so great!--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.A.was building

B.was built C.has built D.is built（）20.Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.A.ask

B.are asked

C.will ask

D.will be asked 把下列句子改寫成被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1.They make machines in that factory.__________________________________ 2.Every body likes this song.__________________________________ 3.He doesn't show the stamps to me.__________________________________ 4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan._____________________________ 5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble._______________________________ 6.Do the workers build many buildings? __________________________________ 7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? __________________________________

8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? __________________________________ 9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do? _________________________

10.How many desks do they buy every term? __________________________________ 將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，每空一詞

1.We can finish the work in two days.→ The work __________ _________ __________ in two days.2.They produce silk in Suzhou.→ Silk _________ ________ in Suzhou.3.The children will sing an English song.→ An English song ________ __________ ________ by the children.4.You needn't do it now.→It ________ __________ _________ by you now.5.Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.→A New Year Card ________ ________ ________ her by me last week.6.Peole use metal for making machines.→ Metal ________ _________ for making machines.7.He made me do that for him.→I ________ _________ _________ that for him.8.I have given this book to the library.→ This book _______ _________ ________ to the library.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? →________ a bridge ________ here by them a year ago?

10.We'll put on an English play in our school.→ An English play ________ _______ _______ on in our school.11.More and more farmers buy colour TV sets.→Colour TV sets ________ ______ ______ more and more farmers.12.My brother often mends his watch.→ His watch _________ _________ _________ by my brother.13.We must water the flowers every day.→The flowers must ________ ________(by us)every day.14.They use knives for cutting things.→ Knives ________ _______ for cutting things.15.He made the farmers work for a long time.→The farmers ________ _______ _______ ______ for a long time.16.Did he break the window yesterday? →_________ the window _______ _______ ________ yesterday? 17.They have sold out the light green dresses.→ The light green dresses ________ _______ ______ out.18.We clean the classroom every day.→The classroom _________ ________ every day.19.You must not plant trees in very dry earth.→ Trees ______ ______ _______ ______ in very dry earth.20.You can dig a hole in the earth.→A Hole _________ _________ __________

in the earth.用動(dòng)詞的正確語態(tài)填空

1.The students ____________ often ____________(tell)to take care of their desks and chairs.2.That play _______________(put)on again sometime next month.3.The old man is ill.He ______________(must send)to the hospital.4.Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________(sell)in this shop.5.---What __________ a knife ____________(make)of?---It _______________(make)of metal and wood.6.A Piano concert _____________(give)here last Friday.7.____________ the magazine ____________(can take)out of the library? 8.The room _____________(clean)by me every day.9.The stars _____________(can see)in the daytime.10.Some flowers __________(water)by Li Ming already.11.These kinds of machines __________(make)in Japan.12.Apples _________ ________(grow)in this farm.13.Russian ___________ _______________(learn)as the second language by some students in China.14.Planes, cars and trains _____________ ____________(use)by business people for travelling.15.The cinema ______________ ____________(build)in 1985.16.The bike ___________ ____________ ___________ ____________(must not put)here.17.A beautiful horse ____________ ____________ ___________(draw)by John next day.18.This kind of machine _______________ _____________(can made)by uncle Wang.19.Mr.Green ____________ ____________(open)two new school.20.The PLA ____________ ____________(found)on August 1st,1927.

第三篇：2018年考研翻譯碩士英語備考技巧

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

2018年考研翻譯碩士英語備考技巧

下面是翻譯碩士學(xué)習(xí)英語18黃金法則，這不僅能提高你的英語語言能力，更有助于提高你對其他科目學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)知水平，廢話不多說了，快來看看吧。

1.What is language for? Some people seem to think it is for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words--the longer the words the better.That’s wrong.Language is for the exchange of ideas, for communication.語言到底是用來干什么的呢?一些人認(rèn)為它是用來操練語法規(guī)則和學(xué)習(xí)一大堆單詞——而且單詞越長越好。這個(gè)想法是錯(cuò)誤的。語言是用來交換思想，進(jìn)行交流溝通的!

2.The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible.學(xué)習(xí)一門語言的方法就是要盡量多地練習(xí)說。

3.A great man once said it is necessary to dill as much as possible, and the more you apply it in real situations, the more natural it will become.一位偉人曾說，反復(fù)操練是非常必要的，你越多的將所學(xué)到的東西運(yùn)用到實(shí)際生活中，他們就變的越自然。

4.Listening and imitating should always go together.Use the LIP method!Listen-Imitate-Practice!

聽和模仿一定要同時(shí)做，使用“LIP”方法：聽、模仿、操練!

5.Use all your senses to learn English.You must hear English, read English, touch English, smell English, and taste

English.Feel English with your heart.Immerse yourself in this language.Begin to think in English.運(yùn)用一切感官學(xué)習(xí)英語。你必須聽英語、說英語、觸摸英語、聞?dòng)⒄Z，還要嘗嘗英語的味道。用心去感受英語。讓自己沉浸在這門語言當(dāng)中。學(xué)會(huì)用英語思考。

6.Relax!Be patient and enjoy yourself.Learning foreign languages is just a piece of cake.

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

放輕松!要有耐心，并且享受英語帶來的樂趣!學(xué)習(xí)外語只不過是小菜一碟。

7.Rome wasn’t built in a day.Work harder and practice more.Your hardworking will be rewarded by God one day.God is equal to everyone!

冰凍三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力的學(xué)習(xí)，更加勤奮的操練，你所付出的一切將會(huì)得到上帝的報(bào)答，上帝是公平的。

8.Use a dictionary and grammar guide constantly.Keep a small English dictionary with you at all time.When you see a new word, look it up.Think about the word--use it.in your mind, in a sentence.經(jīng)常使用字典和語法指南。隨身攜帶一本小英文字典，當(dāng)你看到一個(gè)新字時(shí)就去查閱它，思考這個(gè)字——然后學(xué)著去用它，在你的心中，在一個(gè)句子里。

9.Try to think in English whenever possible.When you see something, think of the English word of it;

then think about the word in a sentence.一有機(jī)會(huì)就努力去用英文來思考?？吹侥呈聲r(shí)，想想它的英文單詞;然后把它用到一個(gè)句子中去。

10.Practice tenses as much as possible.When you learn a new verb, learn its various forms.A thousand words will not leave so an deep impression as one deed.盡可能多的操練時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，要學(xué)習(xí)它的各種形態(tài)。千言萬語不如一個(gè)行動(dòng)

11.I would also like to learn more about the culture behind the language.When you understand the cultural background, you can better use the language.我想學(xué)習(xí)和了解更多關(guān)于語言背后的文化知識(shí)，當(dāng)你理解了文化背景，你就能更好地運(yùn)用語言。

12.Keep an English journal.Try to write a few sentences about your day and then blurt them out as many times as

possible before you go to sleep.This will teach you to “think” in English.This habit will also 2頁共2頁

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

help you live a move organized and fruitful life.Besides, you will score higher on your composition exams!

堅(jiān)持寫英語日記。寫幾個(gè)句子描述一下你的一天，然后在睡覺前盡可能多地大聲操練。這個(gè)方法可以教會(huì)你用英語“思考”。這個(gè)習(xí)慣還可以幫助你生活得更有條理、更有成效。此外，考試時(shí)作文你也可以拿更高的分!

13.Choose materials that interest you!Reading about things that you like will naturally make learning more enjoyable

and efficient.Everything is easier if you enjoy doing it!

選擇讓你感興趣的資料!閱讀你喜歡的東西自然會(huì)使學(xué)習(xí)變得更愉快、更有效。你喜歡做，事情就會(huì)更容易!

14.Make your friends proud by teaching them some English sentences.You can become an excellent teacher through

tutoring your friends.Teaching is a great way to learn!Also remember, learning English can make people happier, feel younger and live longer!

教你的朋友們英語，讓他們感到驕傲。教朋友的過程中你會(huì)成為一名出色的老師。教學(xué)是學(xué)習(xí)的極好途徑!別忘了，英語學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)讓人更快樂、更年輕、活得更長久!

15.Don’t be afraid to ask for help.The more times you ask for help, the more powerful your English will become.Never hesitate to ask!Learn as much as you can from as many different people as you can!An eager student will always find a teacher!

不要害怕尋求幫助。你請求別入幫越多的忙，你的英語就會(huì)越厲害。不要猶豫，盡管發(fā)問!盡可能從不同的人身上學(xué)到更多的東西!求知欲強(qiáng)的學(xué)生總是會(huì)找到老師!

16.Keep English constantly in your mind by listening, speaking of reading every day!Constant exposure will make it

much easier to master this language.If you review only once a week, you will have a hard time remembering what you’ve learned.每天聽，每天說，每天讀，讓英語時(shí)刻留在你腦中!持續(xù)的接觸會(huì)讓你更容易掌握這門語言。如果你只是一個(gè)星期復(fù)習(xí)一回，要記住你學(xué)的東西就太難了。

17.Keep a positive attitude about English.If you think of English as a burden, it will be one!3頁共3頁

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

If you think of English as

fun and exciting, you will practice more often and make progress more quickly!

學(xué)英語要有積極的態(tài)度。如果你認(rèn)為英語是個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)，它就是個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)!如果你認(rèn)為英語有趣又刺激，你就會(huì)更經(jīng)常地練習(xí)，進(jìn)步得更快!

18.Learning any language takes a lot of effort, but never give up.We will hew out of the mountain of despair a stone

of hope!

世上沒有什么難事，只是看你做還是不做，不管其他如果你能吧翻譯碩士英語18黃金法則牢記心中，那么英語對于你來說就是

第四篇：考研英語主要從句四大翻譯技巧

名師輔導(dǎo)：考研英語主要從句四大翻譯技巧

大多數(shù)翻譯理論都認(rèn)為，翻譯是一個(gè)原文意思的再現(xiàn)過程。這個(gè)過程可以分為兩個(gè)部分。一是原文的理解過程。二是目的語的組織過程。可見，翻譯的準(zhǔn)確實(shí)現(xiàn)首先取決于原文的理解。而譯文的通順表達(dá)則取決于對目的語的運(yùn)用技能。考研英語翻譯的特點(diǎn)是句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，準(zhǔn)確理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)，以及把這些結(jié)構(gòu)之間的邏輯語義再重現(xiàn)出來，成為考研英語翻譯非常重要的部分。要把原文的邏輯語義真實(shí)再現(xiàn)，我們要注意積累幾大英語結(jié)構(gòu)的理解和翻譯方法。下面，萬學(xué)海文英語考研輔導(dǎo)老師們就為2012年考研的同學(xué)們總結(jié)出英語中名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句、被動(dòng)句以及否定結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯方法。

一、名詞性從句的翻譯方法

名詞在句子中的成分有可能是：主語、賓語、表語、以及同位語。相應(yīng)地，名詞性從句有四類：主語從句，賓語從句，同位語從句和表語從句。這四類名詞性從句翻譯過程中一般都遵循一個(gè)原則，如果翻譯成漢語句子比較簡單，不會(huì)造成主句的失衡現(xiàn)象，就可以翻譯成從句本來應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的成分,進(jìn)行順譯;但是，如果從句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，而主句較為簡單，則適宜把從句單獨(dú)成句翻譯，主句中使用代詞指代這個(gè)從句。下面我們來具體看一下翻譯方法：

1、主語從句：

構(gòu)成主語從句的方式有下列兩種：

(1)關(guān)聯(lián)詞或從屬連詞位于句首的從句+主句謂語+其他成分。

它們一般是譯在句首，作為主從復(fù)合句的主語。這樣的詞有關(guān)聯(lián)詞what，which，how，why，where，who，whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever及從屬連詞that，whether，if.如：

例題1：What he told me was only half-truth.分 析：其中關(guān)聯(lián)詞可譯“…的”，放在后面。

參考譯文：他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而已。

例題2：Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.分 析：whether可以譯成“是否，是…還是”，然后適當(dāng)安排位置。

參考譯文：一種生物究竟是植物還是動(dòng)物，有時(shí)使生物學(xué)家頗傷腦筋。

(2)it+謂語+that(whether)引導(dǎo)的從句。

如果先譯主句，可以順譯為無人稱句。有時(shí)也可先譯從句，再譯主句。如果先譯從句，便可以在主句前加譯“這”。如：

例題3：It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the standards.分 析：這樣的句子可以譯成無人稱句，常用來表示事實(shí)，常理等。

參考譯文：可以看出，這四種煤的總含硫量僅靠預(yù)先洗選將不能降低到完全接近標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的水平。

例題4：It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.分 析：有時(shí)為了使譯文成分完整，可以補(bǔ)充上泛指的主語(如人們…、大家…)。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：it is(universally)known that…大家都知道…it is believed that…人們都相信…。

參考譯文：物體在水中比在空氣中輕，這是一種大家共有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

2、表語從句：

(1)表語從句是位于主句的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞后面、充當(dāng)主句主語的表語的從句，它也是由that，what，why，how，when，where，whether等連詞和關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的。一般來講，可以先譯主句，后譯從句。如：

例題5：The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.分 析：先譯后面的主句，后譯前面的從句。

參考譯文：蒸汽機(jī)發(fā)明的結(jié)果是機(jī)械力代替了人力。

(2)幾種常見句型，以下逐一介紹它們的譯法。

★在that(this)is why…句型中，如果選擇先譯主句，后譯從句，可以譯成這就是為什么…，這就是為什么…的原因，這就是…的緣故等。如果選擇先譯從句，再譯主句，一般可以譯為…原因就在這里，…理由就在這里等。如：

例題6：That is why practice is the criterion of truth and why the standard of practice should be first and fundamental in the theory of knowledge。

分 析：原句表語很長，所以此處采用了緊縮原則。

參考譯文：所謂實(shí)踐是真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所謂實(shí)踐的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)該是認(rèn)識(shí)論的首先的和基本的觀點(diǎn)，理由就在這個(gè)地方。

★在this(it)is because…句型中，一般先譯主句，再譯從句，譯成是因?yàn)椤@是因?yàn)椤木壒?，這是由于…的緣故。如：

例題7：This is because the direct current flows in a wire always in one direction.參考譯文：這是由于直流電在導(dǎo)線中總沿著一個(gè)方向流動(dòng)的緣故。

★在this is what…句型中，如果先譯主句，后譯從句，通常譯為這就是…的內(nèi)容，這就是…的含意等。如果先譯從句，后譯主句，通常譯為…就是這個(gè)道理，…就是這個(gè)意思等。如：

例題8：This is what we have discussed in this article.分 析：如表語不長，則可譯成這就是…的內(nèi)容等。

參考譯文：這就是我們在本文中所討論的內(nèi)容。

3、賓語從句

(1)用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的賓語從句，翻譯成漢語的時(shí)候，一般不需要改變它在原句中的順序。

I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.我告訴他，由于那最后一個(gè)條件，我只得謝絕。

Can you hear what I say?

你聽得到我所講的嗎?

I don’t know that he swam across the river.我不知道他游過了那條河。

I don’t know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游過那條河的。

He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已經(jīng)通知我他們將在什么時(shí)候談?wù)撐业慕ㄗh。

有時(shí)可加“說”字，再接下去翻譯譯英語原文賓語從句的內(nèi)容。

Smith replied that he was sorry.斯密斯回答說，他感到遺憾。

He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家說，決定這件事的不只是他一個(gè)人，還有其他許多人。

(2)用it 作形式賓語的句子，在翻譯的時(shí)候，that所引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般可按英語原文順序翻譯;it有時(shí)候可以不用翻譯。

I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.我向他們講清楚了的，他們必須在上午十時(shí)前交卷。(it沒有翻譯)

I heard it said that he had gone abroad.聽說他已經(jīng)出國了。(it沒有翻譯)

但有時(shí)候，也可以在譯文中將that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句提前到句子最前面翻譯。

I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.我被選參加會(huì)議，感到光榮。(it沒有翻譯)

We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.打開國門，實(shí)行開放，我們認(rèn)為這是絕對必要的。(it翻譯為“這”)

4、同位語從句

同位語從句主要是用來對名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。能接同位語從句的名詞主要有：belief(相信)，fact(事實(shí))，hope(希望)，idea(想法，觀點(diǎn))，doubt(懷疑)，news(新聞，消息)，rumor(傳聞)，conclusion(結(jié)論)，evidence(證據(jù))，suggestion(建議)，problem(問題)，order(命令)，answer(回答)，decision(決定)，discovery(發(fā)現(xiàn))，explanation(解釋)，information(消息)，knowledge(知識(shí))，law(法律)，opinion(意見，觀點(diǎn))，truth(真理，事實(shí))，promise(承諾)，report(報(bào)告)，thought(思想)，statement(聲明)，rule(規(guī)定)，possibility(可能)等。

(1)一般來說，同位語從句可以直接翻譯在主句后面。

He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望再到中國來訪問。

There is a possibility that he is a spy.有可能他是一個(gè)間諜。

(2)有時(shí)候在翻譯同位語從句時(shí)，可以將其放在所修飾的名詞前面，相當(dāng)于前置的修飾語，但不一定使用定語的標(biāo)志詞“的”。這種情況下，同位語從句都是比較簡單。

We know the fact that bodies possess weight.我們都知道物體具有重量這一事實(shí)。

The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.關(guān)于他被捕的傳聞是沒有根據(jù)的。

(3)增加“即”(或者“以為”)這樣的詞來連接，或用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)直接分開主句和同位語從句。

But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational.但這卻絲毫改變不了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即從實(shí)用的觀點(diǎn)來看，他們今天仍是不合理的。

We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.我們已經(jīng)得出這樣的結(jié)論：實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.不久前，科學(xué)家們獲得一個(gè)令人振奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)——可以把這種廢物變成塑料。

二、形容詞性從句(定語從句)的翻譯方法

1.前置法：把定語從句翻譯到所修飾的先行詞前面，可以用“的”來連接。

He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet。

沒有吃過苦的人不知道什么是甜。

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore。

太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們努力探索的新領(lǐng)域。

His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence。

他那富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉寂。

2.后置法：把定語從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面，翻譯為并列分句。

(1)重復(fù)先行詞。

I told the story to John, who told it to his brother。

他把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。

We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged。

在我們對特別委員會(huì)表示滿意，特別委員會(huì)的工作應(yīng)該受到鼓勵(lì)。

You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect。

你們的先輩在天文學(xué)研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你們現(xiàn)在則在這一方面獲得了更大的成就。

Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area。

他雖然經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，但很有進(jìn)取心和創(chuàng)造力，而這正是在這一領(lǐng)域獲得成功的關(guān)鍵。

(2)省略先行詞。

ceived the letter that announced the death of your uncle。

是他接到那封信，說你的叔叔去世了。

They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased。

他們制定出一種新方案，采用之后生產(chǎn)已迅速得到提高。

3.融合法：把定語從句和它所修飾的先行詞結(jié)合在一起翻譯。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you。

樓下有人要見你。

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention。

在我們工廠里，許多人對這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明很感興趣。

We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity。

我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個(gè)部件都有一些國籍標(biāo)志

She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere。

她在銀行里的存款足以使她到處受到歡迎

4.狀譯法

(1)譯成表示“時(shí)間”的分句

A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded。

司機(jī)在開車時(shí)，不許和人談話，也不能走神。

(2)譯成表示“原因”的分句

He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable。

他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太講話，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在異常無禮，令人厭煩。

(3)譯成表示“條件”的分句

Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families。

人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。

(4)譯成表示“讓步”的分句

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for

盡管他并沒有這樣的需要，他堅(jiān)持要再買一幢房子。

(5)譯成表示“目的”的分句

He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter。

為了引起公眾對這一事件的注意，他想寫一篇文章。

He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument。

為了證明他的論點(diǎn)，他正在收集確鑿的材料以。

(6)譯成表示“結(jié)果”的分句

They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country。

他們企圖鎮(zhèn)壓反抗，結(jié)果反抗愈來愈烈，遍及全國。

(7譯成表示“轉(zhuǎn)折”的分句

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。

她對孩子們很有耐心，而她丈夫卻很少這樣。

三、副詞性從句(狀語從句)的譯法

英語中狀語從句體現(xiàn)了從句和主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，它具體可以分為9種：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步、原因、結(jié)果、目的、比較和方式狀語。其中，狀語從句的翻譯方法，總的來說遵循三點(diǎn)主要原則：

①連詞能省則省，只要能把意思說清楚，盡量不使用連詞。

②如果條件或讓步狀語從句在整句中語氣較弱，可以把主句譯在前面，從句譯在后面。

③狀語從句的位置可以靈活變動(dòng)，以便使譯文更流暢。

④種類的判斷主要依賴于連詞語義的判斷。

下面，我們就通過幾個(gè)例子分析一下狀語從句在考試中出現(xiàn)的形式。

1.While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。

本句中包含一個(gè)While引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句;從句中，formal learning是主語，謂語是is transmitted，過去分詞selected作teachers的后置定語，是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的狀語;主句中，informal learning是主語，謂語是is acquired，介詞短語as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的結(jié)果狀語。

參考譯文：盡管正式的學(xué)習(xí)過程是由挑選出來擔(dān)當(dāng)此角色的教師來進(jìn)行的，非正式的學(xué)習(xí)過程卻是作為孩子成長的自然一部分而完成的。

2.While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable, although competition is。

該句可拆分為三大部分;(White it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict,)(it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable,)(although competition is.)，第一部分是While引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句，第三部分是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;第一部分的主語是山指代后面的that從句，實(shí)際上，While it is true that已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)，參見知識(shí)鏈接，that從句的主語是this competition，謂語是may induce，賓語是efforts，不定式to expand territory作efforts的后置定語，at the expense of others作expand的狀語;and之后的lead to是謂語，與前面的induce并列，conflict是賓語;主句中的主語是it,指代后面的that從句，該從句的主語是conflict，謂語動(dòng)詞是is，表語是inevitable，復(fù)合形容詞war-like作conflict的定語，among other nations作conflict的后置定語;第三部分although從句的主語是competition，謂語是is，表語是inevitable，承前省略了。該句的第二部分，即主句運(yùn)用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，在翻譯時(shí)要譯為漢語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)，這是常用的一條原則，因?yàn)橛⑽亩啾粍?dòng)，漢語多主動(dòng)。

參考譯文：雖然這種競爭會(huì)引發(fā)以他人利益為代價(jià)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張行動(dòng)，因此也會(huì)引發(fā)沖突，但卻不能認(rèn)為類似于戰(zhàn)爭的國家間的沖突不可避免，盡管競爭是不可避免的。

3.While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case。

該句可拆分為兩部分：(While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed,)(this need not always be the case.)，第一部分是While引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句;從句中，it是形式主語，指代后面的that從句，While it is true that已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)，參見知識(shí)鏈接，that從句主語是the Internet，謂語是seems，不定式to be。作表語，介詞短語over the less developed作favoring的狀語;主句比較簡單，主語是this，指代從句內(nèi)容，謂語是need not always be，表語是the case。

參考譯文： 盡管迄今為止互聯(lián)網(wǎng)似乎更加青睞國際社會(huì)中的發(fā)達(dá)領(lǐng)域，而非不太發(fā)達(dá)的領(lǐng)域，情形并不總是如此。

4.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive，however lucky and robust we are。

該句分為兩部分：(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,)(however lucky and robust we are。)，第一部分是主句，第二部分是however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;主句中on...alive是介詞短語，作limit的后置定語，how引導(dǎo)的從句是介詞on的賓語，該從句的主語是we，謂語是can hope to remain，表語是alive;讓步狀語從句的主語是we，謂語是are，表語是lucky and robust。這句話翻譯時(shí)也要將從句提前，然后再譯主句。

參考譯文：不管我們多么幸運(yùn)，多么健壯，我們所希望的長壽年齡實(shí)際上是有限度的。

5.While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon。

該句可拆分為兩部分：(While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization,)(its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon.)，第一部分是以While引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句;從句中，主語是the roots，謂語是lie in，of social psychology是roots的后置定語，the intellectual...western civilization是介詞in的賓語，of the whole western civilization是soil 的后置定語;主句的主語是its present flowering，其中的its指代前面的roots，謂語是is recognized，不定式to be...an American phenomenon作主語flowering的補(bǔ)足語。

2001年英譯漢試題： 75.And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.詞的處理：

home appliance 家用電器;result in 導(dǎo)致;psychological disorder 心理混亂;kitchen rage 廚房狂躁癥

完整譯文：家用電器將會(huì)變得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它們會(huì)引發(fā)一種新的心理疾病—廚房狂躁癥。

2004年英譯漢試題： 63.The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.完整譯文：這些新近被描述的語言與已經(jīng)得到充分研究的歐洲和東南亞地區(qū)的語言往往差別顯著，以至于有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)Boas和Sapir編造材料。

1998年英譯漢試題： 75.Odd though it sounds, cosmic infaltion is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.詞的處理：

cosmic infaltion 宇宙膨脹說;scientifically plausible consequence 科學(xué)上可信的推論;elementary particle physics 基本粒子物理學(xué)

完整譯文：宇宙膨脹理論雖然聽似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理學(xué)中一些公認(rèn)的理論在科學(xué)上可信的推論。許多天體物理學(xué)家七八年來一直以為這一論述是正確的。

四、翻譯中的“否定”處理

否定是英漢兩種語言都具有的一種語法現(xiàn)象，但兩者在表達(dá)否定意義的方式和手段上有很大的差異。英語中的否定形式很多，常見的有：(1)全部否定;(2)部分否定;(3)雙重否定;(4)形式上肯定，實(shí)際上否定;(5)形式上否定，實(shí)際上肯定;(6)否定轉(zhuǎn)移;(7)排除否定;(8)固定句型結(jié)構(gòu);等等。英譯漢時(shí)，對于英語中的否定結(jié)構(gòu)，要從否定詞本身的意義、否定詞的否定范圍、具體的語境等方面予以綜合考慮，否則可能造成誤解和句意翻譯的錯(cuò)誤。此外，對于某些否定結(jié)構(gòu)，還可以使用正義反譯或反義正譯的方法予以處理。

【例1】 Nor, as things are, could the actual study of science easily be separated from technology, on which it has come to depend rather intimately for materials and apparatus.(全部否定)

【譯文】就目前的情況來看，很難把實(shí)際的科學(xué)研究和技術(shù)分開，因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)已經(jīng)非常依賴技術(shù)來獲得材料和儀器。

【分析】本句是全部否定。Nor, neither, never等詞由于句首要倒裝，且表示對全句的全部否定，翻譯時(shí)將否定移回原位。本句中主句是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，譯成主動(dòng)語態(tài);定語從句很長，而且與原句具有某種因果關(guān)系，所以單獨(dú)翻譯;depend on的on被提前。

【例2】 Not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates.(部分否定)

【譯文】并不是所有進(jìn)入葉子的二氧化碳都化合為碳水化合物。

【分析】本句是部分否定句。英語中，有些句型，比如：all...not, not all, every...not, not every, both...not等，都是表示部分否定，可以翻譯成“并不都......”。但是，需要注意no, none, neither, nor引導(dǎo)的是全部否定。例如：No two people think alike.(沒有兩個(gè)人的想法是一樣的。)

【例3】 Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized.(雙重否定)

【譯文】它的意義和重要性，不管無論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)，都不算過分。

【分析】本句是雙重否定句。英語中，兩個(gè)表示否定意義的詞用在同一句話中，實(shí)際上整句話表肯定。此外，還有一些固定的句型，比如cannot / hardly / scarcely...enough / too / over+動(dòng)詞(無論怎么......也不過分......)，only too...to(非常)，cannot but(不會(huì)不，一定會(huì))等表示肯定。比如：We are only too willing to do it for you.(我們非常愿意為你做這件事。)

【例4】Time is what we want most, but what many use worst.(形肯實(shí)否)

【譯文】我們最缺少時(shí)間，但偏偏許多人最不善于利用時(shí)間。

【例5】 He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.(形否實(shí)肯)

【譯文】他馬馬虎虎地看了看那張便條就走了。

【例6】 Don't scamp your work because you are pressed for time.(否定轉(zhuǎn)移)

【譯文】不要因?yàn)闀r(shí)間緊張就敷衍塞責(zé)。

【分析】否定轉(zhuǎn)移是指形式上看起來是否定某個(gè)詞語或主句，但實(shí)際上是否定另外的詞語或從句。最常見的是“主語 + don't think + 從句(否定從句)”，“not...because / because of...(否定because / because of)”等。對于否定轉(zhuǎn)移，翻譯時(shí)要把否定轉(zhuǎn)回原位。本句中，not否定的是because從句，所以翻譯時(shí)要把not還原到because從句上。

【例7】 As they expected to be away from the steamer only a few hours, they took enough food for one meal only and no extra clothing beyond what they stood up in.(排除否定)

【譯文】因?yàn)樗麄児烙?jì)離開輪船只有幾個(gè)小時(shí)，所以只帶了一頓飯的食物和身上穿的衣服/所以只帶了一頓飯的食物，除了身上穿的之外，沒有多帶衣服。

【分析】本句是排除否定。所謂排除否定，就是指該句中有一部分是否定，有一部分是肯定。通常地，會(huì)用一些介詞或連詞等來排除掉其所引導(dǎo)或連接的部分。常見的引導(dǎo)詞有：beyond(除了)、other than(除了)、except(除了)、nothing more than(僅僅)等。該句中是用beyond引導(dǎo)的排除否定，排除掉其后的what they stood up in;由于本句前面有no,也可以看成是no和beyond的雙重否定表肯定。

第五篇：2018年考研英語二翻譯題型答題技巧

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

2018年考研英語二翻譯題型答題技巧

大家對于英語翻譯是不是還頭疼呢，是不是還是面對大段的漢語而無從下手呢，下面我來告訴大家考研英語二翻譯技巧幫大家渡過難關(guān)。

英譯漢就是運(yùn)用漢語把英語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地重新表達(dá)出來的過程或結(jié)果。

在翻譯過程中，值得注意的是：一在翻譯需要表達(dá)的是句子或文章的內(nèi)容，而不是結(jié)構(gòu);二翻譯過程中，不是將兩種語言的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行簡單的轉(zhuǎn)換。翻譯的過程一般分為閱讀理解、漢語表達(dá)和審校潤色三個(gè)階段。常見的方法有：

一、詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯法由于英語和漢語是兩中懸殊甚大的不同的語言體系，所以在語言結(jié)構(gòu)與表達(dá)方式上都存在很大的差異，這就要求我們對原文中的一些詞語的詞性進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化(如：動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞等)，才能使譯文暢通。例如：The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and technology.當(dāng)今世界的科學(xué)技術(shù)正在迅速地發(fā)展。[分析]將句中的形容詞rapid轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語中的副詞。

二、增補(bǔ)法有些英語字句如果照字面的意思翻譯，意念是不完整的，必須根據(jù)意義、修辭或句法的需要增補(bǔ)一些漢語，才能更加忠實(shí)于原文，使原文的思想更完整地再現(xiàn)。例如：We need clean air，but unfortunately，air pollution is generally present，especially in cities.我們需要清新的空氣，但遺憾的是，空氣污染普遍存在在城市中尤其如此。

分析：本句為了避免“尤其是在城市里”的表達(dá)不完整，增加了“如此”。

三、省譯法由于英語和漢語在用詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異，原文中的某些詞如果直譯出來會(huì)使譯文顯得累贅，不符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。在這種情況下，就要省略一些冠詞、代詞、介詞或連詞等省去不譯，但是不能影響原文的意義表達(dá)。例如：There was no snow，the leaves were gone from the trees，the grass was dead.天未下雪，但葉落草枯。[分析]在漢語中“葉落”的概念非常清楚，所以省譯了from the trees。

四、順譯法也就是說按照英語表達(dá)的層次順序，依次翻譯英語句子，從而使譯文與英語原文的順序基本一致。例如：He could see that she had been patient all her life，so that now，after years of it，her lips were set in a gentle and saintly smile.他看得出，她一生含辛茹苦，如今苦盡甘來，嘴邊總是帶著溫柔、圣潔的微笑。[分析]英語句子的順序，從意思上講，與漢語句子的順序是一致的。

五、逆譯法也就是對于句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的英語句子，可以先翻譯全句的后部在依次向前逆序翻譯前面的句子。例如：It is our task to build up a nuclear power station somewhere by the

凱程考研，為學(xué)員服務(wù)，為學(xué)生引路！

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this year.我們的任務(wù)是于今年年底在某地建成一座原子能發(fā)電站。

[分析]翻譯英語里面的一系列狀語時(shí)，必須按照時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和方式狀語的順序漢語習(xí)慣表達(dá)習(xí)慣來組織語句。

六、分譯法也就是采取化整為零的方法將整個(gè)英語長句翻譯為幾個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，順序基本不變，前后保持連貫。例如：At the meeting decision was made to transfer a part of the students to another school.會(huì)議上作出一項(xiàng)決定，把一部分學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)到另一所學(xué)校去。

[分析]本句的主語的后置定語比較長，而謂語很短，為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱，避免頭重腳輕的現(xiàn)象，就把后面的不定式與主句分開翻譯了。

七、綜合法也就是說翻譯時(shí)經(jīng)過仔細(xì)推敲，或按照時(shí)間先后，或按照邏輯順序，有順有逆、有主有次地對全句進(jìn)行綜合處理，英語和漢語的字面意思不完全對應(yīng)，但是內(nèi)涵是相同的。例如：One can perhaps get a clearer picture of Japan’s acute population pressure by imagining what Switzerland would be like if that small and mountainous country were inhabited by 28 million people instead of the 5.7 million at present.只要設(shè)想一下，假若那小小的瑞士居住的人口不是現(xiàn)在的五百七十萬，而是兩千八百萬，瑞士會(huì)是什么情景，人民便會(huì)清楚地理解日本所面臨的人口壓力是多么大。

[分析]原文的重點(diǎn)在于One can?population pressure，按照漢語習(xí)慣，應(yīng)該先敘事，后總結(jié)，所以翻譯時(shí)從中間by imagining?入手，最后回到句首，譯出One can?。而且漢語句子的意思也有“意譯”的成分。

以上就是我為大家講的考研英語二翻譯技巧的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望對于翻譯頭疼的同學(xué)們能夠好好掌握，甩掉這個(gè)包袱。

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