第一篇：商務(wù)英語翻譯 合同術(shù)語與公司簡介術(shù)語與

This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.此合同一式二份，由雙方各持一正本。

What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.本合同未盡事宜，可由雙方增補(bǔ)作為合同附件。

The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which shall become valid on the date of signature.本合同一式四份（正副本各兩份）自簽署后生效

This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shall be deemed equally

authentic.This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties.本合同為中英文兩種文本，兩種文本具有同等效力。本合同一式兩份。自雙方簽字（蓋章）之日起生效。

This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers，whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers

agree to sell the under-mentioned.Commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.本合同由買賣雙方簽訂，根據(jù)本合同條款，買方同意購買，賣方同意出售以下產(chǎn)品。

買方 buyer 賣方 seller 項(xiàng)目名稱 Project name 地址 address 電話 phone 傳真 fax 聯(lián)系人 contact person 1.詳細(xì)貨物清單 Detail supply list 2.合同價(jià)格 Contract value 序號 item 型號 model 尺寸 size，dimension 數(shù)量 amount，unit 單價(jià) unit price 總價(jià) total price 備注 remark 貨物，運(yùn)費(fèi) freight，transportation 合同總額（含安裝費(fèi)與稅金）Contract amount incl.VAT & installation 3.付款條件 payment conditions，payment terms 4.交貨地點(diǎn) delivery place 5.發(fā)貨期 delivery time 6.安裝條款 installation clause

7.驗(yàn)收條款 inspection clause 8.保證條款 guarantee clause 9.不可抗拒條款 Force Majeure Clause 10.違約條款 Breach clause 11.其他條款 Miscellaneous clause 12.買賣雙方信息 buyer and seller information a long-term contract 長期合同 a short-term contract 短期合同 completion of contract 完成合同 contract for future delivery 期貨合同 contract for goods 訂貨合同 contract for purchase 采購合同 contract for service 勞務(wù)合同 labor contract 勞動(dòng)合同 contract note 買賣合同（證書）contract of arbitration 仲裁合同

contract of carriage /Carriage Contract運(yùn)輸合同 Passenger Carriage Contract 客運(yùn)合同 Cargo Carriage Contract 貨運(yùn)合同 Technology Contract 技術(shù)合同

Technology Development Contract技術(shù)開發(fā)合同 Technology Transfer Contract技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同 Technical Consulting Contract技術(shù)咨詢合同 Technical Service Contract技術(shù)服務(wù)合同 Safekeeping Contract 保管合同 Warehousing Contract 倉儲合同 Agency Appointment Contract 委托合同 Trading-Trust Contract 行紀(jì)合同 Brokerage Contract 居間合同

Multi-modal Carriage Contract多式聯(lián)運(yùn)合同

contract of employment 雇傭合同 contract of insurance 保險(xiǎn)合同 contract of sale 銷售合同 Sales Contract 買賣合同

Contract for Supply of Power, Water, Gas , Or Heat 供電、水、氣、熱合同

Gift Contract 贈(zèng)與合同

Contract for Loan of Money 借款合同 contract law 004km.cn 合同法 Leasing Contract 租賃合同

Financial Leasing Contract 融資租賃合同 Contracts of Hired Work 承攬合同

Contracts for Construction Project 建設(shè)工程合同 contract life 合同有效期

a nice fat contract 一個(gè)很有利的合同 a written contract 書面合同

an executor contract 尚待執(zhí)行的合同 breach of contract 違反合同 cancellation of contract 撤消合同 contract parties 合同當(dāng)事人

contract period(or contract term)合同期限 contract price 合約價(jià)格

contract provisions/stipulations 合同規(guī)定 contract sales 訂約銷售

contract terms(or contract clause)合同條款 contract wages 合同工資 contract 合同，訂立合同 contractor 訂約人，承包人 contractual claim 根據(jù)合同的債權(quán) contractual damage 合同引起的損害

contractual dispute 合同上的爭議 contractual guarantee 合同規(guī)定的擔(dān)保 contractual income 合同收入

contractual liability/obligation 合同規(guī)定的義務(wù) contractual practice/usage 合同慣例 contractual specifications 合同規(guī)定

contractual terms & conditions 合同條款和條件 contractual 合同的，契約的

contractual-joint-venture 合作經(jīng)營，契約式聯(lián)合經(jīng)營 copies of the contract 合同副本 originals of the contract 合同正本

execution of contract/performance of contract 履行合同 expiration of contract 合同期滿 interpretation of contract 解釋合同 renewal of contract 合同的續(xù)訂

此合同一式二份，由雙方各持一正本。This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.本合同未盡事宜，可由雙方增補(bǔ)作為合同附件。

The Contract is written in quadruplicate(two for original and copy respectively)which shall become valid on the date of signature.本合同一式四份（正副本各兩份）自簽署后生效

公司簡介術(shù)語和模板 產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷英國、美國、日本、意大利和東南亞，深受消費(fèi)者歡迎和好Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers.暢銷全球selling well all over the world

典雅大方elegant and graceful

定型耐久durable modeling

方便顧客making things convenient for customers

方便群眾making things convenient for the people;to suit the people's convenience

方便商品convenience goods

各式俱全wide selection;large assortment

顧客第一Customers first

顧客是我們的皇帝We take customers as our Gods.規(guī)格齊全a complete range of specifications;complete in specifications

花樣繁多a wide selection of colours and designs

貨色齊全goods of every description are available.客商第一，信譽(yù)第一clients first, reputation first

款式多樣a great variety of models

款式活潑端莊vivid and great in style

款式齊全various styles

款式新穎attractive designs;fashionable(in)style;novel(in)design;up-to-date styling

款式新穎眾多diversified latest designs

美觀大方elegant appearance

美觀耐用attractive and durable

品質(zhì)優(yōu)良，療效顯著，譽(yù)滿全球，歡迎選購excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome.品種多樣numerous in variety

品種繁多great varieties

品種齊全complete range of articles;a great variety of goods

讓我們的商品走向世界Let our commodities go to the world.色彩鮮艷bright in colour

色澤光潤bright luster

色澤艷麗beautiful in colour

深受顧客歡迎We have won praise from customers;to win warm praise from customers.深受國內(nèi)外客戶的信賴和稱譽(yù)to win a high admiration and is widely trusted at home and abroad.供不應(yīng)求in short supply;Demand exceeding supply

光潔度高h(yuǎn)ighly polished

回味雋永pleasant in after-taste

貨源充足ample supply and prompt delivery

技術(shù)先進(jìn)modern techniques

技藝精湛exquisite craftsmanship;Fine craftsmanship

價(jià)格公道reasonable price;Street price;moderate price

價(jià)格適中moderate cost

價(jià)謙物美high quality and inexpensive;less expensive, high quality goods;high quality and low overhead

節(jié)日送禮之佳品ideal gift for all occasions

潔白純正 pure whiteness

潔白如玉jade white

潔白透明pure white and translucent

結(jié)構(gòu)堅(jiān)固 sturdy construction;Firm in structure

經(jīng)久耐用structural disabilities

精打細(xì)算be shrewd in money matters;Careful calculation and strict budgeting

居同類產(chǎn)品之魁首to rank first among similar products

具有傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)味特色distinctive for its traditional properties

具有中國風(fēng)味possessing Chinese flavors

抗沖擊強(qiáng)度高excellent in cushion effect

抗熱耐磨strong resistance to heat and hard wearing

科學(xué)精制by scientific process

口味鮮美delicious in taste

快干drip-dry

買一送一buy one give one;buy one get one free

免燙non-ironing

能多次翻新can be repeatedly remolded.您想購買中國土特產(chǎn)品嗎？ Do you want to buy some Chinese native produce?

烹制簡便convenient to cook

品質(zhì)優(yōu)良excellent(in)quality

清倉大拍賣clearance price

清貨大減價(jià)big clearance sale

清香爽口pleasant to the palate

請君常購中國綠茶always buy Chinese green teas.韌硬兼顧to have both the quality of tenacity and hardness

入口和醇mild and mellow

軟硬適中neither too hard nor too soft

散熱迅速rapid heat dissipation

色澤光潔，柔軟防滑lustrous, soft and antislippery

色澤清澈limpid in sight

設(shè)計(jì)合理professional design

設(shè)計(jì)新穎modern design

生意興隆driving a roaring trade

使用方便easy to use

使用極便utmost in convenience

使用壽命長久long performance life

歲末大減價(jià)year-end bargain sale

甜而不膩agreeable sweetness

外觀色澤透明

bright and translucent in appearance

外型永葆如新to ensure a like-new appearance indefinably

維修簡易easy to repair

味道純正good taste

味鮮可口agreeable to taste

物價(jià)穩(wěn)定price remains stable

夏季特別大減價(jià)special summer sale

香濃可口aromatic character and agreeable taste

香氣馥郁fragrant aroma

香氣高雅elegant in smell

香味純和pure and mild flavor

香味濃郁aromatic flavor;fragrant(in)flavor

性能可靠dependable performance reliable performance

性能無與倫比unequal in performance

性能優(yōu)越superior performance

選材精良superior materials

選料講究high quality materials

選料考究choice materials

沿用傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)方式with traditional methods

易于潤滑easy to lubricate 用料精選carefully selected materials用料上乘selected material

優(yōu)質(zhì)西瓜，消暑解渴top watermelons, quell summer thirst

制作精巧skilful manufacture

制作精巧 perfect in workmanship

質(zhì)量高，衛(wèi)生嚴(yán)high standard in quality and hygiene

眾所喜愛品嘗之佳品delicacies loved by all

走時(shí)準(zhǔn)確 punctual timing

最新工藝latest technology 做工講究exquisite(in)workmanship 做工精細(xì)fine workmanship

模版B：

Established in（成立年份）（公司英文名稱）is a professional manufacturer and exporter that is concerned with the design, development and production of(行業(yè)產(chǎn)品).We are located in(公司所在市), with convenient transportation access.All of our products comply with international quality standards and are greatly appreciated in a variety of different markets throughout the world.We have over(員工人數(shù))employees, an annual sales figure that exceeds USD(銷售額)and are currently exporting(出口比例)of our production worldwide.Our well-equipped facilities and excellent quality control throughout all stages of production enables us to guarantee total customer satisfaction.As a result of our high quality products and outstanding customer service, we have gained a global sales network reaching主要出口國家If you are interested in any of our products or would like to discuss a custom order, please feel free to contact us.We are looking forward to forming successful business relationships with new clients around the world in the near future.ABC公司成立于XX年，專業(yè)生產(chǎn)和出口XXX產(chǎn)品，集產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)于一體。我公司地處XX市，交通便利。我司所有產(chǎn)品采用國際質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷海外，享譽(yù)海內(nèi)外眾多市場。我司現(xiàn)擁有XX名員工，年銷售額逾XX美金，百分之XX的產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷海外。為了保證客戶滿意度，我們引入了先進(jìn)的設(shè)備設(shè)施，并在生產(chǎn)各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)貫徹完善的質(zhì)量檢查措施。鑒于高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品和出色的客戶服務(wù)，我們已經(jīng)成功建立了一個(gè)全球銷售網(wǎng)，XX，XX等國家。如果貴司對我們?nèi)我豢町a(chǎn)品有意或有訂單意向，歡迎隨時(shí)聯(lián)系我們。我們期待與全球客戶攜手合作，共創(chuàng)未來。

模版C：

Established in(成立年份)(公司英文名稱)is a professional manufacturer and exporter that is concerned with the design, development and production of(行業(yè)產(chǎn)品).We are located in(公司所在城市), with convenient transportation access.All of our products comply with international quality standards and are greatly appreciated in a variety of different markets throughout the world.Covering an area of(工廠占地面積)square meters, we now have over(員工人數(shù))employees, an annual sales figure that exceeds USD(銷售額）and are currently exporting(出口比例)of our production worldwide.Our well-equipped facilities and excellent quality control throughout all stages of production enables us to guarantee total customer satisfaction.Besides, we have received(填寫客戶獲得的國際證書，如ISO9001).As a result of our high quality products and outstanding customer service, we have gained a global sales network reaching(主要出口國家).If you are interested in any of our products or would like to discuss a custom order, please feel free to contact us.We are looking forward to forming successful business relationships with new clients around the world in the near future.ABC公司成立于XX年，專業(yè)生產(chǎn)和出口XXX，集產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)于一體。我公司地處XX市，交通便利。我司所有產(chǎn)品采用國際質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷海外，享譽(yù)海內(nèi)外眾多市場。我司現(xiàn)有工廠占地面積XX平方米，XX多名員工。年銷售額逾XX美金，百分之XX的產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷海外。為了保證客戶滿意度，我們引入了先進(jìn)的設(shè)備設(shè)施，并在生產(chǎn)各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)貫徹完善的質(zhì)量檢查措施。同時(shí)，我們已通過XX認(rèn)證。鑒于高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品和出色的客戶服務(wù)，我們已經(jīng)成功建立了一個(gè)全球銷售網(wǎng)，網(wǎng)點(diǎn)已覆蓋XX，XX。如果貴司對我們?nèi)我豢町a(chǎn)品有意或有訂單意向，歡迎隨時(shí)聯(lián)系我們。我們期待與全球客戶攜手合作，共創(chuàng)未來。

第二篇：海關(guān)術(shù)語英語翻譯

Inspection-related Terms 檢驗(yàn)相關(guān)術(shù)語

Customs Inspection 海關(guān)查驗(yàn)

Commodity Inspection 商品檢驗(yàn)

Tally 理貨

Tally Report 理貨報(bào)告

Check 查驗(yàn)/檢查/核對

Fumigation treatment with a pesticide active ingredient that is a

gas under treatment conditions 熏蒸

Animal / Plant Inspection 動(dòng)植物檢驗(yàn)

INSP Inspection / Inspector 檢驗(yàn)/檢驗(yàn)員

Certificate of Origin(normally issued or signed by a Chamber of

Commerce or Embassy)（始發(fā)地）原產(chǎn)地證書

Arbitration 仲裁

FAE Fresh Air Exchange 空氣交換

The fresh air exchange system on a reefer removes harmful gases

from perishable commodities.The fresh air vent is adjustable to

accommodate a variety of cargo

Force Majeure 不可抗力

M/F FILING Manifest Fling 艙單申報(bào)

ACS Automated Commercial System 自動(dòng)商務(wù)系統(tǒng)

A system of software programs between Customs and brokers

to communicate.These programs are design with the ultimate

goal of paperless transaction between Customs and brokers

ABI Automated Broker Interface(part of ACS)自動(dòng)的報(bào)關(guān)行接口

Which permits transmission of data pertaining to merchandise

being imported into the United States.(Qualified participants include brokers, importers, carriers, port

authorities, and independent data processing companies referred

to as service centers.)

ACH Automated Clearing House(part of ACS)自動(dòng)清關(guān)

Which allows electronic funds transfer for payment of estimated

duties, taxes, and fees on imported merchandise

AMS Automated Manifest System(for anti-terrorism)自動(dòng)艙單（反恐）申報(bào)系統(tǒng)

An application that expedites the clearance of cargo for the

subsequent release of containers when imported to the U.S.through electronic submission of cargo manifests in lieu of

bulk paper manifests.CSI Container Security Initiative 集裝箱安全防范措施

To address the threat terrorists pose to containerized

shipping, Customs developed CSI.為應(yīng)對恐怖主義對集裝箱運(yùn)輸。推出

CSS Cargo Selectivity System 貨物抽驗(yàn)

It is how Customs 0selects freight or documentation to be examined.Examinations are chosen by the risk of importer

and manufacturer or activities with certain tariff numbers.CTPAT Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism 海關(guān)貿(mào)易合作反恐條例

SCAC Standard Carrier Alpha Code 承運(yùn)人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)字編碼

CHB Customs House Broker 報(bào)關(guān)行

A company or individual licensed by US Customs to do business as an agent with US Customs House.SED(EX-DEC)Shipper’s Export Declaration 貨主出口報(bào)關(guān)單

A form required by Census Bureau for export statistical purposes, which consists mainly of SHIPPER NAME,IRS No., CONSIGNEE NAME, HTS, value and Shipping details plus Freight terms.SLI Shipper Letter of Instruction 貨主出口報(bào)關(guān)指示函

A carbon form that serves as Ex-Dec and/or B/L

instructions.HTS Harmonized Tariff Schedule 國際貨物編碼

The international coding system for commodities.BONDED WAREHOUSE 保稅庫

Warehouses approved by Customs for storage and/or manufacture of goods.Duties assessed and due whengoods enter the U.S.(China)for consumption.No duties due if re-exported.BONDED AREA 保稅區(qū)

BONDED GOODS 保稅貨物

QUOTAs Quantity of one HTS item allowed to be imported at either

higher or lower rate of duties.進(jìn)口配額

DDP Delivery Duty Paid 完稅

DDU Delivery Duty Unpaid 未完稅

DRAWBACK Duties payment refunded because freight is re-exported

or for similar circumstances 退稅金額

Customs fine 海關(guān)罰款

Customs seals 海關(guān)關(guān)封

Application for inspection 檢驗(yàn)申請

To expedite the clearance 加快清關(guān)

Pilferage 盜竊/偷竊

War risk Insurance coverage for loss of goods resulting from any act of war 戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)

To be liable for a penalty of 受到。。處罰

To increase predictability 增強(qiáng)了可預(yù)測性

Non-fraudulent violation of the regulation 非故意違反規(guī)定

To file certifications with Customs 向海關(guān)申報(bào)有效證明

To follow the current procedure 遵循現(xiàn)行程序

To abide by。。rule 遵照。。規(guī)定

To provide specific language 提供一定說法

To be not authorized 不予認(rèn)可

Container-related Terms 集裝箱相關(guān)術(shù)語

fleet of containers 集裝箱箱隊(duì)

E/C Equipment control 箱管

TEU Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit is the value of 1 twenty-foot container.(20’GP)20尺標(biāo)箱FEU Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit.1 Forty-Foot equivalent equals（40’GP）Twenty-Foot containers.40尺標(biāo)箱

Corner Fitting 角件

Corner Post 角柱

End Wall/Side Wall 端墻/側(cè)墻

Bull Ring（D Ring）cargo-securing devices mounted in the floor of containers 箱內(nèi)穩(wěn)貨環(huán)

Container No。箱號

第三篇：商務(wù)英語-常用商務(wù)術(shù)語

1.實(shí)盤 firm offer

2.還盤counter-offer

3.船期/交貨期time/date of shipment/delivery

4.裝運(yùn)通知shipping advice/notice

5.離岸價(jià)Free on Board/FOB

6.到岸價(jià)Cost, Insurance and Freight/CIF

7.在工廠交貨 ex-work

8.提單Bill of Lading

9.起訂量minimum quantity

10.銷售確認(rèn)書Sales Confirmation

11.支付條款payment terms/terms of payment

12.資金情況financial standing/finances

13.原產(chǎn)地證明certificate of origin

14.折扣率discount rate

15.轉(zhuǎn)船transhipment

16.信譽(yù)情況credit standing

17.傭金commission

18.目的港port of destination

19.清潔已裝船海運(yùn)提單clean on board ocean Bill of Lading

20.受益人 beneficiary

21.開證行 opening bank

22.通知行advising bank

23.索賠lodge a claim against/claim/claim against

24.運(yùn)費(fèi)付至carriage paid to/CPT

25.嘜頭shipping marks

26.破損險(xiǎn)Breakage Risks/Risks of Breakage

27.中國保險(xiǎn)條款CIC/China Insurance Clauses

28.綜合險(xiǎn)/一切險(xiǎn)All Risks

29.信用證Letter of Credit

30.跟單信用證documentary letter of credit

31.付款交單documents against payment

32.保兌信用證Confirmed Letter of Credit

33.戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)War Risks

34.商業(yè)發(fā)票 Commercial Invoice

35.租船契約Charter-party

36.信用證修改書amendment to the L/C

37.裝運(yùn)單據(jù)shipping documents

38.議付行negotiating bank

39.分批裝運(yùn)partial shipments

40.承兌交單documents against acceptance

第四篇：二十個(gè)英語翻譯術(shù)語

二十個(gè)翻譯術(shù)語解釋

1.歸化：“采取民族中心主義的態(tài)度，使外語文本符合譯入語的文化價(jià)值觀，把原作者帶入

譯語語文化”【Lawrence Venuti】即在翻譯中盡可能用本民族的方式去表現(xiàn)外來作品。歸化法要求譯者向譯語讀者靠攏，采取譯語讀者習(xí)慣的譯語表達(dá)方式，來傳達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容。歸化的目的是力求譯文通順易懂，能為譯語讀者所接受。

2.異化：“對這些文化價(jià)值觀的一種民族偏離主義的壓力，接受外語文本的語言及文化差異，把讀者帶入外國情境”【Lawrence Venuti】異化法要求譯者向作者靠攏，采取相應(yīng)于作者使用的原語表達(dá)方式，來傳達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容?！埃ǚg）必須有異國情調(diào)，就是所謂的洋氣”【魯迅】異化可以很好的保留或傳遞原文文化內(nèi)涵，但對不熟悉源語的讀者而言閱讀有一定難度。

3.語際翻譯：（interlingual translation）。兩種（或多種）語言在它們共同構(gòu)成的跨語言語境中

進(jìn)行的意義交流。語際翻譯更關(guān)注如何在更為廣闊的地平域和更廣闊的（跨）

文化天地中實(shí)現(xiàn)異質(zhì)語言的相互對接和轉(zhuǎn)換----以意義為標(biāo)尺，以交流為目的的語符轉(zhuǎn)換。對地域性的傾向。（簡單來說，語際翻譯就是不同語際之間的翻

譯活動(dòng)）

4.語內(nèi)翻譯：(intralingual translation)某一種語言內(nèi)部為著某種目的進(jìn)行的詞句意義的轉(zhuǎn)換。

語內(nèi)翻譯總是把經(jīng)典的或非經(jīng)典的歷史文本當(dāng)作轉(zhuǎn)化的對象，并且以譯者所在場的文化語境為標(biāo)尺師徒把歷史文本改造為現(xiàn)代文本。對歷史性的關(guān)注。（簡單

來說就是同一語言的各個(gè)語言變體之間的翻譯）

5.連續(xù)傳譯：又稱“交替?zhèn)髯g”或“即席口譯”，簡稱“連傳”或“交傳”，它是在發(fā)言人講

完部分內(nèi)容或全部內(nèi)容后，由譯員進(jìn)行翻譯。這種口譯方式可以在很多場合下

采用，如演講、祝辭、授課、談判、情況介紹會、會議發(fā)言、新聞發(fā)布會等。

一般認(rèn)為，連續(xù)傳譯的正式職業(yè)化是在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后，1919年的“巴黎和

會”上大批量地正式使用連續(xù)傳譯。

6.同聲傳譯：（simultaneous interpretation）簡稱同傳，又稱同聲翻譯、同步口譯。是譯員在不打斷講話者演講的情況下，不停地將其講話內(nèi)容傳譯給聽眾的一種口譯方式。

是一種受時(shí)間嚴(yán)格限制難度極高的語際轉(zhuǎn)換活動(dòng)，它要求譯員在聽辨源語講話的同時(shí)，借助已有的主題知識迅速完成對源語信息的預(yù)測、理解、記憶、轉(zhuǎn)換

和目的語的計(jì)劃、組織、表達(dá)、監(jiān)聽與修正，同步說出目的語譯文，因此同聲

傳譯又叫同步口譯。同聲傳譯具有很強(qiáng)的專業(yè)性和學(xué)術(shù)性。同傳人員就業(yè)前景

廣闊，工資高。

7.信、達(dá)、雅：《天演論》中的“譯例言”講到：“譯事三難：信、達(dá)、雅。求其信已大難矣，顧信矣不達(dá)，雖譯猶不譯也，則達(dá)尚焉?！薄靶拧敝敢饬x不背原文，強(qiáng)調(diào)對原文

思想內(nèi)容的信，以及原作風(fēng)格神韻的信；“達(dá)”指不拘泥于原文形式；“雅”則

指追求文章本身的古雅。

8.可譯性：（translatability）指的是在雙語轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中，一種語言中的文字和文化通過翻譯

順暢地用另一種語言表達(dá)出來，使得操兩種不同語言，身處不同文化的人對同一

事物有大致相同的認(rèn)識和理解?？勺g性探討的是一種語言翻譯成另一種語言的可行程度。人類語言共性構(gòu)成了可譯性的基礎(chǔ)，語言的差異性構(gòu)成了可以性的限度?？勺g性的哲學(xué)依據(jù)是同類事物之間的相似性，維根斯坦稱之為“家族相似”。

9.形合：（hypotaxis）指句子內(nèi)部的連接或句子間的連接采用句法手段（syntactic devices）

或詞匯手段（lexical devices）。,“形”是英文行文必不可少的要素。印歐語言重形合，語句各成分的相互結(jié)合常用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞語。

10.意合：（parataxis）指“句子內(nèi)部的連接或句子間的連接采用語義手段（semantic connection）”

而漢語的句子鋪排則以“意”為核心。語句各成分之間的結(jié)合多靠意義貫通，少用連接語，所以句法結(jié)構(gòu)短小精悍，漢民族重內(nèi)省和體悟，不重邏輯，語言簡約，意義模糊，表現(xiàn)出意合特征。

11.意譯：（free translation;paraphrase;liberal translation）是只保持原文內(nèi)容，不保持原文形

式的翻譯方法或翻譯文字。（馮慶華，《實(shí)用翻譯教程》）通常在翻譯句子或詞組(或更大的意群)時(shí)使用較多,意譯主要在原語與譯語體現(xiàn)巨大文化差異的情況下得以應(yīng)用.從跨文化語言交際和文化交流的角度來看,意譯強(qiáng)調(diào)的是譯語文化體系和原語文化體系的相對獨(dú)立性.大量的實(shí)例說明,意譯的使用體現(xiàn)出不同語言民族在生態(tài)文化、語言文化、宗教文化、物質(zhì)文化和社會文化等諸多方面的差異性.意譯更能夠體現(xiàn)出本民族的語言特征。

12.直譯：是既保留原文內(nèi)容、又保持原文形式的翻譯方法或翻譯文字。（馮慶華《實(shí)用翻譯

教程》）采用直譯的方法可以準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原文意義，體現(xiàn)原文風(fēng)格。但直譯有一定局限性，如譯文有時(shí)冗長啰唆，晦澀難懂。有時(shí)不能正確傳達(dá)原文意義，甚至是事與愿違。

13.綜合型語言：(synthetic language)綜合型語言的主要特征是語序靈活。英語是綜合型為主，向分析型過渡的語言，語序既有相對固定的一面又有靈活

變化的一面。因此，在語序上具有某種程度的共性，這是我們進(jìn)行

英漢語序?qū)Ρ鹊幕A(chǔ)。詞與詞的關(guān)系靠詞本省的形式變化來表現(xiàn)。

例如，名詞可以變數(shù)、變格。動(dòng)詞可以變語態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)，通過語法意

義的屈折變化來表示數(shù)量、時(shí)間、狀態(tài)等意義。

14.分析型語言：（analytic language）分析型語言的主要特征是語序較固定，漢語是分

析型語言，語序總體上較為固定，沒有曲折變化，其詞語組合成句依

靠語序和虛詞。例如表現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)無法通過漢字本身形式變化來表現(xiàn)，但卻又各種時(shí)態(tài)助詞。比如前置時(shí)態(tài)副詞：過去、曾經(jīng)；或者運(yùn)用英

語中所沒有的量詞：一個(gè)、一副等。

15.屈折變化：（inflection）是通過附加屈折詞綴的語法關(guān)系的表現(xiàn)，如數(shù)、人稱、有定性、體和格，屈折詞綴不會改變所附加詞語的語法類。存在于各種語言中，通過在詞干添加后綴詞達(dá)到句法功能。在屈折變化過程中，無論動(dòng)詞或名詞如何變，總是遵循一致性的原則。

16.“洋氣”【魯迅】：魯迅堅(jiān)持以忠實(shí)為第一要義的直譯。并認(rèn)為翻譯需要兼顧兩個(gè)方面，一個(gè)是易懂，另一個(gè)是保存原作的豐姿。即信和順。假如信和順之間必須取舍的話，他是寧信而不順的，即使造成句子有些不通順，難懂。魯迅主張?jiān)诜g

中盡量保存原作的“洋氣”以體現(xiàn)“異國情調(diào)”。主張“歐化”“保存洋氣”是

典型的異化翻譯法。

17.“化境”【錢鐘書】：“化”強(qiáng)調(diào)了兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，一方面是翻譯是不能因語文習(xí)慣的差

異而露出生硬牽強(qiáng)的痕跡，如果譯文顯得生硬牽強(qiáng)，就得“化”它一化了。另

一方面是，化的時(shí)候不能任意地化，也就是說，雖然“軀殼換了一個(gè)”，還得

“完全保存原有的風(fēng)味”“精神資致依然故我”。這里“風(fēng)味”“資致”不是指

意，而是指形式、風(fēng)格與神韻。

18.翻譯過程：翻譯是在正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，用譯入語文字創(chuàng)造性地再現(xiàn)原文思想內(nèi)容的語言過程。喬治·斯坦納【George Steiner】將之歸納成四個(gè)步驟： 信任（trust），進(jìn)攻（aggression），吸收（incorporation），補(bǔ)償/恢復(fù)（restitution）。國內(nèi)學(xué)者

則認(rèn)定為：正確理解（to interpret correctly）→創(chuàng)造性表達(dá)（to express creatively）

→審校（to proofread）

19.翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：傳統(tǒng)的翻譯理論歷來強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)“信”字，也就是說，將“忠實(shí)”視為翻譯的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。張培基先生提出可用“忠實(shí)、通順”四個(gè)字作為翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。忠實(shí)不但

指忠實(shí)于原作的內(nèi)容，還指保持原作的風(fēng)格。通順指譯文語言必須通順易懂、流暢地道。忠實(shí)與通順是相輔相成，不可割裂的。必須把握好分寸，兼顧兩者，講忠實(shí)時(shí)不妨礙通順，求通順時(shí)不影響忠實(shí)。

20.翻譯單位：對翻譯單位，巴爾胡達(dá)羅夫（前蘇聯(lián)）定義為：“原語在譯語中具備對應(yīng)物的最小單位?！?并把翻譯單位按語言等級體系分為“音位層、詞素層、詞層、詞

組層、句子層、話語層”六層。翻譯單位不宜太長，也不宜太短，以句子最為

合適。從理論上說，句子是能夠獨(dú)立運(yùn)用、句法結(jié)構(gòu)完整的語義單位，是人們

進(jìn)行語言交際的最基本語義單位；就實(shí)踐而言，英譯漢的具體操作是在句子層

次上進(jìn)行的，譯好句子就為篇章翻譯奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

第五篇：合同與貿(mào)易術(shù)語(英語3)

合同與貿(mào)易術(shù)語

1.For instance, a successful business transaction has to be based on at least sales contract that provides the transfer of title and risk of the goods and the obligations of parties, transportation contract that states the transfer of possession of the goods, contract of payment that stipulates the effective payment, and insurance contract that provides the transfer of the insured risk to the insurance company.例如，一個(gè)成功的交易至少必須基于一個(gè)產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移和貨物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和參與方的責(zé)任銷售合同。表明貨物所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移運(yùn)輸合同。規(guī)定效果付款的支付合同。和提供給被保險(xiǎn)人轉(zhuǎn)嫁給保險(xiǎn)公司的保險(xiǎn)合同。

2.A contract is a promise, or a set of promises that the law will enforce or at least recognize in some way.Black’s Law Dictionary defines a contract “an agreement between two or more parties creating obligations that are enforceable or otherwise recognizable at law.” The nature of contract, under civil law, is a “meeting of minds ”or “mutual assent”.一個(gè)契約是一個(gè)承諾?；蛘呤且粋€(gè)法律強(qiáng)制或者至少在一些方面被認(rèn)同的承諾。布萊克法律詞典定義契約為雙方或多方創(chuàng)造責(zé)任的協(xié)議。具有強(qiáng)制性或者在法律上被認(rèn)可。契約的本質(zhì)，在民法解釋下，為意見一致或者互相同意。

3.Incoterms are uniform sales and delivery terms used in foreign trade.They are shorthand abbreviations that international businesses use to determine and assign the risks, responsibilities, and costs of shipping and delivering goods across national boundaries.They are not international law, but rather voluntary practical rules developed over many years to facilitate international trade.國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語是使用于國外貿(mào)易的統(tǒng)一的銷售和交付的術(shù)語。他們是速記的縮略詞。在國際貿(mào)易中被用來判定和分?jǐn)偞┰絿绲娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)，責(zé)任和船費(fèi)和交付貨物的費(fèi)用。他們不是國際法，但是相當(dāng)?shù)淖栽傅膶?shí)用的形成于很多年前的為了發(fā)辮國際交易的法規(guī)。

4.C.I.F.(named port of destination)— or “Cost, Insurance, Freight” is a term whereby the seller agrees to pay the cost of the insurance and to transport the goods to the named port of destination, and the purchaser takes delivery at the quay or other place named in the contract, as the place of destination.到岸價(jià)格（到達(dá)指定港口）或者是“費(fèi)用，保險(xiǎn)，郵輪”是一個(gè)術(shù)語?？恐u家同意支付保險(xiǎn)和運(yùn)輸貨物到到指定地點(diǎn)的費(fèi)用。并且買方依據(jù)契約需要支付在碼頭或者其他作為目的地的指定地方的費(fèi)用。