第一篇：2011奧巴馬就美國信用評級問題發(fā)表的講話

US President Obama’s Remarks on U.S.Credit Rating

August 8, 2011

美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬就美國信用評級問題發(fā)表的講話

2011年8月8日

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Good afternoon, everybody.On Friday, we learned that the United States received a downgrade by one of the credit rating agencies — not so much because they doubt our ability to pay our debt if we make good decisions, but because after witnessing a month of wrangling over raising the debt ceiling, they doubted our political system’s ability to act.The markets, on the other hand, continue to believe our credit status is AAA.In fact, Warren Buffett, who knows a thing or two about good investments, said, “If there were a quadruple-A rating, I’d give the United States that.” I, and most of the world’s investors, agree.諸位下午好。上星期五，我們獲悉某信用評級機構(gòu)下調(diào)了美國的等級——并非主要因為他們懷疑我們在作出良好決策的情況下償付債務的能力，而是因為看到有關提高債務上限問題的爭論持續(xù)了一個月，他們懷疑我們的政治制度付諸行動的能力。另一方面，市場繼續(xù)相信我們的信用等級為AAA。事實上，在何謂好的投資問題上頗有見地的沃倫?巴菲特說：“如果有4A這一等級的話，我會將美國評為4A。”我，以及全世界大多數(shù)投資者都同意。

That doesn’t mean we don’t have a problem.The fact is, we didn’t need a rating agency to tell us that we need a balanced, long-term approach to deficit reduction.That was true last week.That was true last year.That was true the day I took office.And we didn’t need a rating agency to tell us that the gridlock in Washington over the last several months has not been constructive, to say the least.We knew from the outset that a prolonged debate over the debt ceiling — a debate where the threat of default was used as a bargaining chip — could do enormous damage to our economy and the world’s.That threat, coming after a string of economic disruptions in Europe, Japan and the Middle East, has now roiled the markets and dampened consumer confidence and slowed the pace of recovery.這并不是說我們沒有問題。事實是，我們并不需要評級機構(gòu)告訴我們，降低赤字必須采取平衡、長期的做法。上個星期是這樣，去年是這樣，在我就職的時候就是這樣。我們并不需要評級機構(gòu)告訴我們，華盛頓過去幾個月的僵持局面至少談不上具有建設性。我們從一開始就知道圍繞債務上限問題的長時間爭論——以債務違約相威脅作為籌碼——可能對美國經(jīng)濟和世界經(jīng)濟帶來巨大的破壞。這種威脅緊隨歐洲、日本和中東一系列經(jīng)濟混亂之后，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)造成市場的不安，降低了消費者的信心，減緩了經(jīng)濟復蘇的步伐。

So all of this is a legitimate source of concern.But here’s the good news: Our problems are imminently [eminently] solvable.And we know what we have to do to solve them.With respect to debt, our problem is not confidence in our credit — the markets continue to reaffirm our credit as among the world’s safest.Our challenge is the need to tackle our deficits over the long term.因此，這些情況都是引發(fā)憂慮的合理根源。但有一條好消息：很明顯，我們面臨的各種問題完全是可以解決的。我們知道，為了解決這些問題，我們必須做些什么。在債務問題上，我們面臨的問題并非對我們信用的信心——市場繼續(xù)確認我們的信用屬全世界最安全之列。我們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是需要長期解決我們的赤字問題。

Last week, we reached an agreement that will make historic cuts to defense and domestic spending.But there’s not much further we can cut in either of those categories.What we need to do now is combine those spending cuts with two additional steps: tax reform that will ask those who can afford it to pay their fair share and modest adjustments to health care programs like Medicare.上星期，我們達成了一項協(xié)議，對我們的防務和國內(nèi)開支實施歷史性的削減。但這兩個方面已經(jīng)沒有多少可削減的余地了。我們現(xiàn)在需要做的是，把這些方面的開支削減與另外兩個步驟相結(jié)合：稅務改革，要求有能力承擔稅負的人公平地分擔自己的一份責任；以及對聯(lián)邦醫(yī)療照顧計劃之類的醫(yī)保項目作出適度的調(diào)整。

Making these reforms doesn’t require any radical steps.What it does require is common sense and compromise.There are plenty of good ideas about how to achieve long-term deficit reduction that doesn’t hamper economic growth right now.Republicans and Democrats on the bipartisan fiscal commission that I set up put forth good proposals.Republicans and Democrats in the Senate’s Gang of Six came up with some good proposals.John Boehner and I came up with some good proposals when we came close to agreeing on a grand bargain.進行這些改革不要求采取任何激進的步驟。所要求的是常識和妥協(xié)。對于如何在不妨礙目前經(jīng)濟增長的情況下長期降低赤字的問題，有很多好的設想。我建立的兩黨財政委員會的共和黨人和民主黨人提出了良好的建議。參議院“六人幫”的共和黨人和民主黨人提出了一些良好的建議。在我們接近達成重大協(xié)議時，約翰·博納和我提出了一些良好的建議。

So it’s not a lack of plans or policies that’s the problem here.It’s a lack of political will in Washington.It’s the insistence on drawing lines in the sand, a refusal to put what’s best for the country ahead of self-interest or party or ideology.And that’s what we need to change.所以這里的問題不是因為沒有計劃和政策，而是因為華盛頓缺乏政治意愿，是因為堅持以人為的方式畫地為牢，拒絕把國家最高利益置于自身利益或政黨或意識形態(tài)之上。這就是我們需要改變的。

I realize that after what we just went through, there’s some skepticism that Republicans and Democrats on the so-called super committee, this joint committee that’s been set up, will be able to reach a compromise, but my hope is that Friday’s news will give us a renewed sense of urgency.I intend to present my own recommendations over the coming weeks on how we should proceed.And that committee will have this administration’s full cooperation.And I assure you, we will stay on it until we get the job done.我認識到，在我們剛剛經(jīng)歷了這些事態(tài)之后，有些人懷疑，在這個所謂的超級委員會里，成立這個聯(lián)合委員會，共和黨人和民主黨人能否達成妥協(xié)。但我的希望是，周五的新聞將給我們一種新的緊迫感。我打算在未來幾周內(nèi)，對我們應該如何推進提出我自己的建議。委員會將得到本屆政府的充分合作。我向你們保證，我們會堅持不懈，直到這項工作完成。

Of course, as worrisome as the issues of debt and deficits may be, the most immediate concern of most Americans, and of concern to the marketplace as well, is the issue of jobs and the slow pace of recovery coming out of the worst recession in our lifetimes.當然，盡管債務和赤字問題令人擔憂，大多數(shù)美國人最直接的憂慮，也是市場的憂慮，是就業(yè)問題和我們有生以來最嚴重的經(jīng)濟衰退復蘇緩慢。

And the good news here is that by coming together to deal with the long-term debt challenge, we would have more room to implement key proposals that can get the economy to grow faster.Specifically, we should extend the payroll tax cut as soon as possible, so that workers have more money in their paychecks next year and businesses have more customers next year.其中的好消息是，通過我們共同應對長期債務的挑戰(zhàn)，我們將有更大的空間實施可加速經(jīng)濟增長的重大建議。具體來說，我們應盡快延長工資所得稅減稅措施，明年員工的工資支票上就能有更多的錢，明年工商業(yè)也能得到更多的顧客。

We should continue to make sure that if you’re one of the millions of Americans who’s out there looking for a job, you can get the unemployment insurance that your tax dollars contributed to.That will also put money in people’s pockets and more customers in stores.我們應該繼續(xù)保證，如果你是數(shù)以百萬計到處尋找工作的美國人中的一員，你可以得到你用稅款繳納的失業(yè)保險。這也會讓人們的口袋里有錢，使更多的顧客走進商店。

In fact, if Congress fails to extend the payroll tax cut and the unemployment insurance benefits that I’ve called for, it could mean 1 million fewer jobs and half a percent less growth.This is something we can do immediately, something we can do as soon as Congress gets back.事實上，如果國會不延長我呼吁的工資所得稅減稅措施和失業(yè)保險福利，那可能意味著喪失1百萬個就業(yè)機會和半個百分點的增長率。這是我們可以馬上進行的工作，是國會一復會我們就可以做的事。

We should also help companies that want to repair our roads and bridges and airports, so that thousands of construction workers who’ve been without a job for the last few years can get a paycheck again.That will also help to spur economic growth.我們也應該幫助希望參加修復道路、橋梁和機場的公司，使過去幾年成千上萬失業(yè)的建筑工人可以再次拿到工資支票。這也有助于刺激經(jīng)濟增長。

These aren’t Democratic proposals.These aren’t big government proposals.These are all ideas that traditionally Republicans have agreed to, have agreed to countless times in the past.There’s no reason we shouldn’t act on them now.None.這些不是民主黨的建議。這些不是大政府的建議。這些都是共和黨人傳統(tǒng)上表示同意的想法，過去曾無數(shù)次表示同意?，F(xiàn)在，我們沒有任何理由不采取這些行動。絕對沒有任何理由。

I know we’re going through a tough time right now.We’ve been going through a tough time for the last two and a half years.And I know a lot of people are worried about the future.But here’s what I also know: There will always be economic factors that we can’t control — earthquakes, spikes in oil prices, slowdowns in other parts of the world.But how we respond to those tests — that’s entirely up to us.我知道我們目前正在經(jīng)歷艱難的時期。過去兩年半，我們面臨艱難的時日。我知道很多人都擔心未來。我也知道，總會出現(xiàn)我們無法控制的經(jīng)濟因素——地震、油價上漲、世界其他地區(qū)的增長放緩等。但是，我們?nèi)绾谓?jīng)受這些考驗——完全取決于我們自己。

Markets will rise and fall, but this is the United States of America.No matter what some agency may say, we’ve always been and always will be a AAA country.For all of the challenges we face, we continue to have the best universities, some of the most productive workers, the most innovative companies, the most adventurous entrepreneurs on Earth.What sets us apart is that we’ve always not just had the capacity, but also the will to act — the determination to shape our future;the willingness in our democracy to work out our differences in a sensible way and to move forward, not just for this generation but for the next generation.市場有起有伏，但這里是美利堅合眾國。不管某些機構(gòu)會怎末說，我們歷來是，并將始終是AAA國家。盡管我們面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)，我們?nèi)岳^續(xù)有最好的大學、一些生產(chǎn)力最強的工人、最具有創(chuàng)新能力的公司、全球最有膽識的企業(yè)家。我們與眾不同的是，我們不僅始終有這份能力，也有采取行動的意愿——決定我們未來的意志；我們的民主制度要求以理性的方式消弭我們的分歧并取得進展，不僅為我們這一代，而且也為了下一代。

And we’re going to need to summon that spirit today.The American people have been through so much over the last few years, dealing with the worst recession, the biggest financial crisis since the 1930s, and they’ve done it with grace.And they’re working so hard to raise their families, and all they ask is that we work just as hard, here in this town, to make their lives a little easier.That’s not too much to ask.And ultimately, the reason I am so hopeful about our future — the reason I have faith in these United States of America — is because of the American people.It’s because of their perseverance, and their courage, and their willingness to shoulder the burdens we face — together, as one nation.我們今天需要發(fā)揚這種精神。過去幾年來，美國人民經(jīng)歷了如此多的艱辛，需要應對最嚴重的蕭條，經(jīng)歷了自上世紀30年代以來最大的金融危機，他們有尊嚴地面對這一切。為了贍養(yǎng)家庭，他們?nèi)绱诵燎诘毓ぷ鳌Ｋ麄兾┮坏囊笫?，我們也應該在這座城市同樣盡心盡力，使他們的日子好過一些。這個要求并不過分。歸根結(jié)底，我對我國的未來如此充滿希望—我對美利堅合眾國充滿信心，原因就在于美國人民，是因為他們堅韌不拔，他們勇敢堅定，他們希望全國萬眾一心，共同肩負我們的重擔。

One last thing.There is no one who embodies the qualities I mentioned more than the men and women of the United States Armed Forces.And this weekend, we lost 30 of them when their helicopter crashed during a mission in Afghanistan.And their loss is a stark reminder of the risks that our men and women in uniform take every single day on behalf of their county.Day after day, night after night, they carry out missions like this in the face of enemy fire and grave danger.And in this mission — as in so many others — they were also joined by Afghan troops, seven of whom lost their lives as well.最后一點，沒有人比美國武裝部隊的男女成員更能體現(xiàn)我所提到的那些品質(zhì)。這個周末，我們失去30名軍人，他們乘坐的直升機在阿富汗執(zhí)行任務時不幸墜毀。他們的犧牲很尖銳地提醒我們，男女軍人們?yōu)榱藝颐刻於济媾R著危險。他們冒著敵人的炮火和極大的危險，日日夜夜都在這樣執(zhí)行任務。如同執(zhí)行其他許多任務一樣，阿富汗部隊也與他們一起參加了這次行動，其中7人也不幸犧牲。

So I’ve spoken to our generals in the field, as well as President Karzai.And I know that our troops will continue the hard work of transitioning to a stronger Afghan government and ensuring that Afghanistan is not a safe haven for terrorists.We will press on.And we will succeed.我已與我們的戰(zhàn)地將領以及卡爾扎伊總統(tǒng)通了話。我知道，我們的軍隊將繼續(xù)從事艱巨的工作，向能力更強的阿富汗政府進行移交，保證阿富汗不再成為恐怖主義分子的庇護所。我們將勇往直前。我們必定成功。

But now is also a time to reflect on those we lost, and the sacrifices of all who serve, as well as their families.These men and women put their lives on the line for the values that bind us together as a nation.They come from different places, and their backgrounds and beliefs reflect the rich diversity of America.然而，此時此刻，我們也緬懷我們失去的這些人員，追憶所有為國效力的人及其家屬作出的犧牲。這些男女軍人出生入死，捍衛(wèi)使全國團結(jié)一心的價值觀。他們來自四面八方，他們的背景和信仰體現(xiàn)了美國豐富的多樣性。

But no matter what differences they might have as individuals, they serve this nation as a team.They meet their responsibilities together.And some of them — like the 30 Americans who were lost this weekend — give their lives for their country.Our responsibility is to ensure that their legacy is an America that reflects their courage, their commitment, and their sense of common purpose.無論他們個人有多大的差異，他們都同心同德為國效力。他們共同承擔責任。有些人，如本周末剛犧牲的30名美國人，為自己的國家獻出了生命。我們的責任是堅決完成他們的遺愿，讓美國繼續(xù)弘揚他們的勇敢精神、他們的堅定意志、他們肩負共同使命的責任感。

Thank you very much.非常感謝諸位。

第二篇：奧巴馬總統(tǒng)就移民改革問題發(fā)表講話

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)就移民改革問題發(fā)表講話

難度：適中 來源：英文巴士

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Remarks by the President on Immigration Reform 奧巴馬總統(tǒng)就移民改革問題發(fā)表講話 East Room 東廳

October 24, 2013 2013年10月24日

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you very much.Please have a seat, everybody.Good morning, and welcome to the White House.Today I’m here with leaders from business, from labor, from faith communities who are united around one goal—finishing the job of fixing a broken immigration system.總統(tǒng)：非常感謝大家。諸位請入座。早上好，歡迎來到白宮。今天我在這里與工商業(yè)、勞工界、宗教社區(qū)的領導人一起，大家都有一個共同的目標—完成對破損的移民體制進行修補的工作。

This is not just an idea whose time has come;this is an idea whose time has been around for years now.Leaders like all of you have worked together with Republicans and Democrats in this town in good faith for years to try to get this done.And this is the moment when we should be able to finally get the job done.這不是一個現(xiàn)在冒出的想法，這個想法已經(jīng)存在多年。和諸位一樣的領導人已經(jīng)與共和黨人及民主黨人在這個城市為完成這項工作進行了多年真誠的努力?，F(xiàn)在正是我們應該最后完成這項工作的時候。Now, it’s no secret that the American people haven’t seen much out of Washington that they like these days.The shutdown and the threat of the first default in more than 200 years inflicted real pain on our businesses and on families across the country.And it was a completely unnecessary, self-inflicted wound with real costs to real people, and it can never happen again.在這些日子，美國人民沒有看到華盛頓市完成多少他們希望完成的工作，這已經(jīng)不是什么秘密。政府關閉和200多年來第一次違約的危險對我們?nèi)珖鞯氐墓ど虡I(yè)和家家戶戶造成了真正的痛苦。完全沒有必要自己制造這樣的創(chuàng)傷，現(xiàn)實生活中的人們?yōu)榇顺惺芰藢嶋H的代價。這種情況永遠不能再發(fā)生。

Even with the shutdown over, and the threat of default eliminated, Democrats and Republicans still have some really big disagreements—there are some just fundamentally different views about how we should move forward on certain issues.On the other hand, as I said the day after the shutdown ended, that’s no reason that we shouldn’t be able to work together on the things that we do agree on.即使政府關閉的問題已經(jīng)過去，違約的危險已被消除，民主黨人和共和黨人仍然有一些的確十分重大的分歧——對于我們應該如何在某些問題上取得進展存在一些根本不同的觀點。另一方面，我在政府關閉問題解決后第二天曾說過，對于我們意見一致的問題，我們沒有任何理由不能共同進行努力。

We should be able to work together on a responsible budget that invests in the things that we need to grow our economy and create jobs even while we maintain fiscal discipline.We should be able to pass a farm bill that helps rural communities grow and protects vulnerable Americans in hard times.我們應該能夠共同努力解決負責任的預算問題，對我們需要促進我國經(jīng)濟增長和創(chuàng)造工作崗位的方面投入資金，盡管我們同時需要維護財政紀律。我們應該能夠通過農(nóng)業(yè)法案，幫助農(nóng)村社區(qū)成長壯大，保護面臨艱難處境的美國弱勢群體。

And we should pass immigration reform.(Applause.)We should pass immigration reform.It’s good for our economy.It’s good for our national security.It’s good for our people.And we should do it this year.我們也應該完成移民改革。（掌聲）我們應該完成移民改革。這有利于我國經(jīng)濟。這有利于我國安全。這有利于我國人民。我們應該今年完成這項工作。Everybody knows that our current immigration system is broken.Across the political spectrum, people understand that.We’ve known it for years.It’s not smart to invite some of the brightest minds from around the world to study here and then not let them start businesses here –we send them back to their home countries to start businesses and create jobs and invent new products someplace else.眾所周知，我們當前的移民體制已經(jīng)破損。政治領域各方面的人士都了解這一點。我們了解這一點已有多年。如果歡迎全世界各地一些最聰明的人來這里學習，但不允許他們在這里創(chuàng)業(yè)，這不是明智的做法—我們往往讓他們返回原籍，在其他地方創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)，創(chuàng)造工作崗位，發(fā)明新產(chǎn)品。

It’s not fair to businesses and middle-class families who play by the rules when we allow companies that are trying to undercut the rules work in the shadow economy, to hire folks at lower wages or no benefits, no overtime, so that somehow they get a competitive edge from breaking the rules.That doesn’t make sense.我們?nèi)绻试S試圖違法亂紀的公司在影子經(jīng)濟中運行，壓低工資雇用人員或不提供福利，不付加班費，從而可以因破壞法紀獲得競爭優(yōu)勢，這對遵紀守法的工商業(yè)和中產(chǎn)家庭就沒有公平可言。這毫無合理之處。

It doesn’t make sense to have 11 million people who are in this country illegally without any incentive or any way for them to come out of the shadows, get right with the law, meet their responsibilities and permit their families then to move ahead.It’s not smart.It’s not fair.It doesn’t make sense.We have kicked this particular can down the road for too long.在這個國家非法居留的1,100萬人如果沒有任何積極性或途徑走出陰影，得到合法身份，履行自己的責任，然后興家立業(yè)，這也毫無合理之處。這并不明智。這并不公平。這并不合理。我們在這個特定的問題上拖延已久。

Now, the good news is, this year the Senate has already passed an immigration reform bill by a wide, bipartisan majority that addressed all of these issues.It’s a bill that would continue to strengthen our borders.It would level the playing field by holding unscrupulous employers accountable if they knowingly hire undocumented workers.好消息是，今年參議院已經(jīng)以懸殊的兩黨多數(shù)優(yōu)勢通過了一項移民改革提案，涉及了所有這些問題。它是一個能不斷加強邊境的法案，一個向明知雇員無身份卻仍舊招雇的不守規(guī)則的雇主追究責任從而實現(xiàn)公平化競爭的法案。

It would modernize our legal immigration system, so that even as we train American workers for the jobs of the future, we’re also attracting highly-skilled entrepreneurs from beyond our borders to join with us to create jobs here in the United States.它將使我們的合法移民制度現(xiàn)代化，在讓美國勞工得到未來職業(yè)培訓的同時，也吸引境外的高技術實業(yè)人員來和我們一道在美國創(chuàng)造就業(yè)崗位。

It would make sure that everybody plays by the same rules by providing a pathway to earned citizenship for those who are here illegally—one that includes passing a background check, learning English, paying taxes, paying a penalty, getting in line behind everyone who is trying to come here the right way.它將通過為非法在這里的人提供一條爭取公民身份的出路——其中包括完成和通過背景調(diào)查，學習英語，交稅，付罰款以及站到努力通過正當程序來美的人的后面排隊，來確保讓規(guī)則一視同仁。

So it had all the component parts.It didn’t have everything that I wanted;it didn’t have everything that anybody wanted;but it addressed the core challenges of how we create a immigration system that is fair, that’s just, that is true to our traditions as a nation of laws and a nation of immigrants.And that’s passed the Senate by a bipartisan majority.(Applause.)所以，它包含了所有成分。它沒有我想要的所有內(nèi)容；它沒有所有人想要的所有內(nèi)容；但它處理了我們?nèi)绾谓⒁粋€公平、公正、符合我們作為法制國家和移民國家傳統(tǒng)的移民體制的核心問題。而且它在參議院獲兩黨多數(shù)通過。（掌聲）

第三篇：奧巴馬就美國新國防戰(zhàn)略報告發(fā)表講話(全文)

奧巴馬就美國新國防戰(zhàn)略報告發(fā)表講話(全文)北京時間1月6日，美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在美國國防部與國防部長帕內(nèi)塔及參謀長聯(lián)席會議主席鄧普西一起舉行了記者會，并在會上公布了一份題為《維持美國的全球領導地位：21世紀國防的優(yōu)先任務》的新軍事戰(zhàn)略報告。奧巴馬就此進行的演講全文如下：

大家早上好。美利堅合眾國是全球現(xiàn)有的捍衛(wèi)自由與安全的最強勁力量，這在很大程度上是因為我們的軍事力量在訓練、領導力和 武器裝備上均屬全球最佳。而我作為三軍總司令，將繼續(xù)傳承這一傳統(tǒng)。

現(xiàn)在站在這個講臺上的所有人、確切說是每一個人，都對我們的每一名戰(zhàn)士、海員、空軍人員、海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊員和海岸警衛(wèi)隊人員懷有 極強的責任感，上述這些人為了國家不惜置生命安危而不顧。然而，我們卻沒能給予他們一個目標明確的戰(zhàn)略方案，而這種方案會闡 明只有在絕對有必要時他們才會被派至危難之地；會向他們提供完成任務所需的裝備和支持；還將確保他們及其家人受到悉心的照料，直至他們凱旋而歸。而這正是我們莊嚴的義務。

在過去3年里，我們一直都是這樣做的。我們繼續(xù)對軍備施以史無前例的投入，這包括我們的軍隊及其作戰(zhàn)能力、軍屬以及老兵。而得益于他們的卓越貢獻，我們已結(jié)束了伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭、搗毀了基地組織高層，讓本-拉登繩之以法，并將恐怖主義網(wǎng)絡送上不歸之路。我們已在阿富汗取得重要進展，該國已開始進入過渡期，阿富汗人也因此得以更多地承擔起保護自己國家的重任。在盟友和伙伴的支持 下，我們一起保護了利比亞人民，并幫助他們終結(jié)了卡扎菲政權的統(tǒng)治。

如今，我們歷經(jīng)十年的戰(zhàn)爭行將結(jié)束。三年前，我們在伊拉克和阿富汗駐扎有18萬軍隊。今天，我們已將駐軍數(shù)量減半。隨著向阿富汗政府移交權力過程的持續(xù)，我們更多的軍隊將歸國。此外，在全球范圍內(nèi)，我們加強了與盟友的聯(lián)系，結(jié)成了許多新伙伴關系，并已成為保護普世權力和人類尊嚴的重要力量之一。

簡言之，我們成功捍衛(wèi)了我們的國家，勇于與敵人血戰(zhàn)到底，且降低了受難美國人的人數(shù)，我們還恢復了美國的全球領導地位。這一切均使我們更安全、更強大。這是每個美國人的功績，尤其是那些身著美國軍裝的美國人，他們理應為此感到驕傲。

上述輝煌已使我們國家再度步入一個過渡期。即使我們的軍隊依然在阿富汗奮戰(zhàn)，戰(zhàn)爭的潮汐已然消退；即使我們的軍隊依然在今天的戰(zhàn)斗中保有優(yōu)勢，我們?nèi)杂袡C會且有責任向前展望，以打造適應于未來的強勁部隊。

與此同時，我們必須重振國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟命脈，而這也是我們領先全球的基礎。這首先就包括理順財政支出。為達到這一目標，2011年，國會在共和黨和民主黨的群策群力下通過了預算控制法案，減少聯(lián)邦支出，包括國防預算開支。我一直堅持認為，我們在做些事情時必須懷有一種責任感，而我們國家的安全和士兵的安危都命系于此。這也正是我為何呼吁進行全方位國防評估的原因，即在全球高速發(fā)展的背景下明確我們的戰(zhàn)略利益，確立我們的國防重要任務以及在未來十年的預算開支。因為我們軍隊的規(guī)模、結(jié)構(gòu)以及國防預算都必須依靠這一戰(zhàn)略來驅(qū)動，而非其他因素。此外，我們必須牢記歷史教訓，因為我們已無法承受再重復過去犯過的錯誤，比如二戰(zhàn)和越戰(zhàn)后，我們的軍備力量對未來世事變化的準備嚴重不足。作為三軍總司令，我絕不會讓這種錯誤再度發(fā)生。只要有我在，就絕不會。

我們需要一個好的開始，一個智慧的且具有戰(zhàn)略性的優(yōu)先安排。國防部今天公布的新戰(zhàn)略即是由此而來。我想感謝國防部長帕內(nèi)塔和鄧普西將軍，他們在此過程中發(fā)揮了卓越的領導力。我還想感謝軍中秘書、官員、戰(zhàn)斗指揮官以及國防部其他領導所作出的貢獻，無論他們來自軍方還是民間，不論是現(xiàn)役、預備役還是警衛(wèi)隊成員。他們中的許多人經(jīng)常碰面，一道提出棘手的問題，反駁原先得出的假設，并由此作出艱難抉擇。我們今天聚于此地，將找到一個能確保我們國家的安全，并使我們軍隊保持全球領先的策略。

這份報告同樣得益于我手下國家安全顧問團隊的貢獻，還有來自國務院、國土安全部、老兵事務部以及各情報機構(gòu)的鼎力支持。而這是極為關鍵的，因為直面當前這些挑戰(zhàn)，不僅需要依靠軍隊或僅依靠美國本身，更需要積聚我們國家的所有力量，并與我們的盟友和伙伴共同努力。

因此，我將讓帕內(nèi)塔和鄧普西具體介紹此戰(zhàn)略報告的細節(jié)，而我想強調(diào)的是，我個人親身參與并指導了這份報告制定的全過程。盡管戰(zhàn)爭潮汐已消退，但這份戰(zhàn)略所要解答的問題是，十年戰(zhàn)爭過后我們需要怎樣的軍隊？如今，我們很幸運地處在從強大變?yōu)楦鼜姶蟮能壽E上。

正如我在澳大利亞所表述的那樣，我們將加強在亞太地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略部署，預算減少不能以削弱關鍵地區(qū)力量為代價。我們將繼續(xù)投資于我們的重要伙伴和盟友，尤其是北約。時間已無數(shù)次證明，特別是最近的利比亞行動尤為明顯，多方軍力合作可大幅增加戰(zhàn)力。此外，我們將繼續(xù)保持警惕，特別是對于中東地區(qū)。

我們不能將眼光局限于伊拉克和阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭，以及結(jié)束利用軍力參與長期國家建設的政策，我們將能用更小規(guī)模的常規(guī)地面部隊保衛(wèi)國家安全。我們將繼續(xù)擺脫冷戰(zhàn)時期過時的體系，從而能在未來所需的戰(zhàn)力方面投入更多，包括情報、偵查和巡邏、反恐、反大規(guī)模殺傷性武器，及在敵人想阻止我們進入的環(huán)境中進行作戰(zhàn)的能力。

因此，我們的軍事策略應有所傾斜。但是，全世界都應知道，美國將繼續(xù)保持其軍事優(yōu)越性，通過靈活彈性的策略應對不可預知的全方位威脅。

我們將繼續(xù)對軍隊戰(zhàn)士充滿信心，確保我們的軍隊能獲得成功所需的裝備和戰(zhàn)力，關注受到創(chuàng)傷士兵的心理健康以及軍人家屬的福利。隨著更多老兵回歸平民生活，我們將努力確保老兵們獲得悉心照顧和各種津貼，并提供給他們所要的且理應獲得的就業(yè)機會。

雖然今天是我們公布國防戰(zhàn)略的日子，但我想用一個有關國防預算的詞來結(jié)束這次演講。這份國防戰(zhàn)略的細節(jié)將在未來數(shù)周予以宣布，一些人或許會質(zhì)疑該戰(zhàn)略資金削減力度過大，還有人會稱削減力度過小，這是一個見仁見智的問題。但我希望所有人都能牢記艾森豪威爾總統(tǒng)說過的一段話：“每一項提議都應須放在一個寬泛全面的格局內(nèi)去考慮，這需要在紛繁復雜的國家項目中找到平衡。”十年 戰(zhàn)爭過去了，當我們正重聚國內(nèi)外各方力量時，現(xiàn)在正是恢復這種平衡的時候。

我認為所有美國人都應牢記，過去十年里，自9-11事件后我們的國防預算就大幅劇增。而在今后十年里，國防預算的增速雖將有所減緩，但實際上它仍在增長，因為我們肩負全球性的責任，世界需要我們引領。而且事實上，本屆政府的國防預算將比布什政府末期要多。我堅信一點，并且相信美國人民也會理解，有了持續(xù)龐大的國防預算，我們能夠繼續(xù)保持強大的軍事力量，并確保國家安全。這個預算字可能比排在我們之后的大約十個國家的國防預算總和還多。

這里我想再次感謝帕內(nèi)塔和鄧普西、所有站在這個講臺上的國防部官員，以及今天未能出席的人員，他們在這一過程中發(fā)揮了重要的領導和協(xié)調(diào)作用。我們軍隊的每一名士兵，無論男女，他們都極力為美國獻上自己的一切，而他們也理應從美國獲得最好的回報。最后，我想感謝你們所有人對我們共同目標作出的貢獻，即確保美國在21世紀的強大和安全，確保我們的軍隊依然全球領先！

下面，我將把話筒交給帕內(nèi)塔和鄧普西，他們將進一步對該戰(zhàn)略進行解釋，并接受大家的提問。

非常感謝你們，我知道這是美國總統(tǒng)第一次這么演講。這房間(氣氛)真不錯。謝謝大家。

第四篇：奧巴馬就本拉登被擊斃發(fā)表講話

晚安。今晚，我可以向全美及全世界人民報告：美國已完成消滅本·拉登的行動。他是基地組織頭目，也是個必須為數(shù)千遭到殺害的婦女兒童負責的恐怖分子。

10年前9月的一天，明亮的天空被美國人歷史上最殘酷的襲擊涂黑。911事件的畫面烙進我們的國家記憶——被劫飛機劃過九月晴朗的天空；世貿(mào)大廈轟然倒塌；黑煙從五角大樓升起；93號航班在賓州先克斯維爾變成殘骸，在此次航班里，英勇的人們的行動，阻止了更讓人心碎的破壞發(fā)生。

然而，最殘忍的景象全世界并未看到。晚餐桌前的空座椅。孩童失去他們的父母獨自長大成人。雙親永遠無法體會與孩子擁抱的感受。近3000同胞離開了我們，使我們的心千瘡百孔。

2001年9月11日，是我們悲痛的一天，美國人在此刻團結(jié)一致。我們對鄰居伸出援手，為傷患提供血液。我們重新聯(lián)結(jié)在一起，包括對社區(qū)和對國家的愛。那一天，無論我們來自何方，信仰為何，或是哪個種族或血統(tǒng)，我們都團結(jié)成為一個統(tǒng)一的美國大家庭。

我們也一同下定決心保衛(wèi)我們的國家，并將那些發(fā)動邪惡攻擊的人繩之以法。我們很快認識到，911事件是由奧薩馬·本·拉登所領導的基地組織所發(fā)動，它公開向美國宣戰(zhàn)，被證實在美國和全世界殺害無辜的人。因此，我們向基地組織開戰(zhàn)，來保護我們的同胞、朋友和盟友。

在過去10年，感謝我們的軍隊和反恐專家們孜孜不倦又英雄無比的工作，使得我們在反恐行動中取得巨大成效。我們挫敗恐怖攻擊，增強本土防衛(wèi)。在阿富汗，我們鏟除了塔利班政府，他們?yōu)楸尽だ呛突亟M織提供庇護。在全球，我們與朋友和盟友合作，抓捕或殺死基地的數(shù)十名恐怖分子，包括部分策劃911事件的成員。

但本·拉登屢次逃過抓捕，他越過阿富汗到達巴基斯坦。同時，基地組織繼續(xù)在阿巴兩國邊境線和其在全球的分支制造事端。

在我擔任總統(tǒng)后不久，我命令中情局（CIA）局長萊昂帕內(nèi)塔，將對本·拉登的斬首或抓捕行動作為我們對抗基地組織的首要任務，我們繼續(xù)對他的基地組織網(wǎng)絡進行更為廣泛的破壞、摧毀和打擊。

隨后在去年的8月，在我們的情報部門歷經(jīng)數(shù)年的艱苦工作后，我收到了本·拉登可能藏身之處的簡報。那時情況還不明朗，我們花了數(shù)月的時間整理情報線索。我和我的國家安全團隊頻繁會面，得到了更多有關本·拉登藏身地點的信息，他可能躲藏在巴基斯坦深處的寓所里。最后在上周，我認為我們已經(jīng)有了足夠的情報展開行動，并下令抓捕本·拉登，將其繩之以法。

今天，在我的指揮下，美國開展了針對巴基斯坦阿伯塔巴德目標的行動。美軍小組以無畏的勇氣和能力展開了行動。沒有任何一名軍人受傷。他們小心防止平民傷亡。在一陣交火后，他們擊斃了本·拉登，并帶走了他的尸體。

在超過20年時間里，本·拉登一直是基地組織的領袖和象征，并一直持續(xù)密謀對我們的國家、朋友和盟友進行攻擊。本·拉登之死是我們在打擊基地組織的努力中，迄今為止取得的最為重要的成就。

但他的死去不代表我們反恐努力的結(jié)束。毫無疑問，基地會繼續(xù)攻擊我們。我們必須，也將會在本土以及海外保持警惕。

猶如我們所做的一樣，我們也必須重申，美國現(xiàn)在不會，也永遠不會對伊斯蘭世界發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭。正如布什總統(tǒng)在911事件后不久所做的一樣，我已明確表態(tài)，我們的戰(zhàn)爭并非針對伊斯蘭世界。本·拉登并不是一個穆斯林領袖，他是一個針對穆斯林的大兇手。事實上，基地組織在包括美國在內(nèi)的許多國家屠殺了不少穆斯林。所以他的死亡，理應受到所有信仰和平和人類尊嚴的人的歡迎。

幾年來，我反復申明，如果我們得知本·拉登的住地，我們就將在巴基斯坦采取行動。那就是我們已經(jīng)做到的。但還有很重要的一點要注意：我們和巴基斯坦的反恐合作協(xié)助我們找到本拉·登和他藏身的寓所。實際上，本·拉登也向巴基斯坦宣了戰(zhàn)，并對巴基斯坦平民發(fā)動攻擊。

今晚，我和巴基斯坦總統(tǒng)扎爾達里通了電話，我的團隊也和巴基斯坦的合作者們相互交流。他們贊同，這對巴美兩國來說都是美好而又有歷史意義的一天。在往后的路上，巴基斯坦繼續(xù)加入我們與基地組織及其分支進行的斗爭，是十分必要的。

美國人民沒有選擇戰(zhàn)爭。是戰(zhàn)爭不請自來，并由毫無預兆針的對平民的屠殺而起。在將近10年的戰(zhàn)爭、掙扎和犧牲中，我們很清楚戰(zhàn)爭的代價。這些反恐戰(zhàn)爭的努力每時每刻都讓我——作為三軍總司令——在給失去親人家庭的信上簽字，或是看望嚴重受傷的軍人的眼睛時，感到任重道遠。

因此，美國人民明白戰(zhàn)爭的代價。但是作為國家，我們永遠無法忍受我們的安全遭到威脅，也不能在人民受到屠戮時無所事事。我們將毫不猶豫的保衛(wèi)我們的公民、朋友和盟友。我們將忠實于形塑我們?nèi)烁竦膬r值觀。猶如今晚，我們可以對在反恐戰(zhàn)爭中失去至愛親人的家庭說：正義終獲彰顯。

今晚，我們對許許多多情報和反恐專家致謝，感謝他們不知疲倦地工作，并取得今天的成果。美國人民看不到他們的付出，也無從知曉他們的名字。但今晚，他們必將為自己的事業(yè)，以及他們對正義之堅持而得到的結(jié)局感到驕傲。

我們感謝參與這次行動的每個人，感謝他們在服務國家的過程中展現(xiàn)的專業(yè)、愛國和無與倫比的勇氣。他們承受了自從那年九月的那天以來的最重的擔子。

最后，讓我對在911事件中失去至愛的家庭說：我們永不會忘記你們的悲痛，也不會動搖我們的承諾。我們將奮然阻止針對我們家園的暴力進攻。

今晚，讓我們回憶因911事件而萌生的團結(jié)之心。我知道，有時候這種團結(jié)心已經(jīng)被磨損。但今天的成就是我們國家之偉大，和美國人民之堅定的最大證明。

保衛(wèi)我們國家的事業(yè)還未完結(jié)。但是今天我們再次印證只要美國下定決心，這個國家想做的事情就一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。那就是我們歷史的故事，無論是我們?nèi)嗣駥εd盛的追求，還是我們所有民眾對平等的奮斗；我們承諾，在異國維護共有的價值，我們犧牲自我，為將世界變得更安全。

讓我們記?。何覀兊乃鶠椋粌H是因為我們有財富或強權，更是因為：我們是一個在上帝的信仰下的國家，人人都不可分割，自由與正義永存。

謝謝。上帝保佑你。上帝保佑美利堅。

英文原文全文： The White House

Office of the Press Secretary For Immediate Release May 02, 2011

Remarks by the President on Osama Bin Laden East Room 11:35 P.M.EDT

THE PRESIDENT: Good evening.Tonight, I can report to the American people and to the world that the United States has conducted an operation that killed Osama bin Laden, the leader of al Qaeda, and a terrorist who’s responsible for the murder of thousands of innocent men, women, and children.It was nearly 10 years ago that a bright September day was darkened by the worst attack on the American people in our history.The images of 9/11 are seared into our national memory--hijacked planes cutting through a cloudless September sky;the Twin Towers collapsing to the ground;black smoke billowing up from the Pentagon;the wreckage of Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, where the actions of heroic citizens saved even more heartbreak and destruction.And yet we know that the worst images are those that were unseen to the world.The empty seat at the dinner table.Children who were forced to grow up without their mother or their father.Parents who would never know the feeling of their child’s embrace.Nearly 3,000 citizens taken from us, leaving a gaping hole in our hearts.On September 11, 2001, in our time of grief, the American people came together.We offered our neighbors a hand, and we offered the wounded our blood.We reaffirmed our ties to each other, and our love of community and country.On that day, no matter where we came from, what God we prayed to, or what race or ethnicity we were, we were united as one American family.We were also united in our resolve to protect our nation and to bring those who committed this vicious attack to justice.We quickly learned that the 9/11 attacks were carried out by al Qaeda--an organization headed by Osama bin Laden, which had openly declared war on the United States and was committed to killing innocents in our country and around the globe.And so we went to war against al Qaeda to protect our citizens, our friends, and our allies.Over the last 10 years, thanks to the tireless and heroic work of our military and our counterterrorism professionals, we’ve made great strides in that effort.We’ve disrupted terrorist attacks and strengthened our homeland defense.In Afghanistan, we removed the Taliban government, which had given bin Laden and al Qaeda safe haven and support.And around the globe, we worked with our friends and allies to capture or kill scores of al Qaeda terrorists, including several who were a part of the 9/11 plot.Yet Osama bin Laden avoided capture and escaped across the Afghan border into Pakistan.Meanwhile, al Qaeda continued to operate from along that border and operate through its affiliates across the world.And so shortly after taking office, I directed Leon Panetta, the director of the CIA, to make the killing or capture of bin Laden the top priority of our war against al Qaeda, even as we continued our broader efforts to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat his network.Then, last August, after years of painstaking work by our intelligence community, I was briefed on a possible lead to bin Laden.It was far from certain, and it took many months to run this thread to ground.I met repeatedly with my national security team as we developed more information about the possibility that we had located bin Laden hiding within a compound deep inside of Pakistan.And finally, last week, I determined that we had enough intelligence to take action, and authorized an operation to get Osama bin Laden and bring him to justice.Today, at my direction, the United States launched a targeted operation against that compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan.A small team of Americans carried out the operation with extraordinary courage and capability.No Americans were harmed.They took care to avoid civilian casualties.After a firefight, they killed Osama bin Laden and took custody of his body.For over two decades, bin Laden has been al Qaeda’s leader and symbol, and has continued to plot attacks against our country and our friends and allies.The death of bin Laden marks the most significant achievement to date in our nation’s effort to defeat al Qaeda.Yet his death does not mark the end of our effort.There’s no doubt that al Qaeda will continue to pursue attacks against us.We must –-and we will--remain vigilant at home and abroad.As we do, we must also reaffirm that the United States is not –-and never will be-– at war with Islam.I’ve made clear, just as President Bush did shortly after 9/11, that our war is not against Islam.Bin Laden was not a Muslim leader;he was a mass murderer of Muslims.Indeed, al Qaeda has slaughtered scores of Muslims in many countries, including our own.So his demise should be welcomed by all who believe in peace and human dignity.Over the years, I’ve repeatedly made clear that we would take action within Pakistan if we knew where bin Laden was.That is what we’ve done.But it’s important to note that our counterterrorism cooperation with Pakistan helped lead us to bin Laden and the compound where he was hiding.Indeed, bin Laden had declared war against Pakistan as well, and ordered attacks against the Pakistani people.Tonight, I called President Zardari, and my team has also spoken with their Pakistani counterparts.They agree that this is a good and historic day for both of our nations.And going forward, it is essential that Pakistan continue to join us in the fight against al Qaeda and its affiliates.The American people did not choose this fight.It came to our shores, and started with the senseless slaughter of our citizens.After nearly 10 years of service, struggle, and sacrifice, we know well the costs of war.These efforts weigh on me every time I, as Commander-in-Chief, have to sign a letter to a family that has lost a loved one, or look into the eyes of a service member who’s been gravely wounded.So Americans understand the costs of war.Yet as a country, we will never tolerate our security being threatened, nor stand idly by when our people have been killed.We will be relentless in defense of our citizens and our friends and allies.We will be true to the values that make us who we are.And on nights like this one, we can say to those families who have lost loved ones to al Qaeda’s terror: Justice has been done.Tonight, we give thanks to the countless intelligence and counterterrorism professionals who’ve worked tirelessly to achieve this outcome.The American people do not see their work, nor know their names.But tonight, they feel the satisfaction of their work and the result of their pursuit of justice.We give thanks for the men who carried out this operation, for they exemplify the professionalism, patriotism, and unparalleled courage of those who serve our country.And they are part of a generation that has borne the heaviest share of the burden since that September day.Finally, let me say to the families who lost loved ones on 9/11 that we have never forgotten your loss, nor wavered in our commitment to see that we do whatever it takes to prevent another attack on our shores.And tonight, let us think back to the sense of unity that prevailed on 9/11.I know that it has, at times, frayed.Yet today’s achievement is a testament to the greatness of our country and the determination of the American people.The cause of securing our country is not complete.But tonight, we are once again reminded that America can do whatever we set our mind to.That is the story of our history, whether it’s the pursuit of prosperity for our people, or the struggle for equality for all our citizens;our commitment to stand up for our values abroad, and our sacrifices to make the world a safer place.Let us remember that we can do these things not just because of wealth or power, but because of who we are: one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.Thank you.May God bless you.And may God bless the United States of America.END

第五篇：奧巴馬就康州槍擊案發(fā)表講話

奧巴馬就康州槍擊案發(fā)表講話

今天下午我跟Malloy州長和FBI局長Mueller談過

This afternoon I spoken with Governor Malloy and FBI Director Mueller.我代表全國人民向Malloy 州長致信

I offered Governor Malloy my condolences on behalf of the nation 并明確表示他可以動用一切所需資源

and made it clear he will have every single resource that he needs 來調(diào)查這起兇殘的案件 to investigate this heinous crime, 來撫恤逝者 慰問家人

care for the victims ,counsel their families.過去幾年我們?nèi)淌芰颂嗟念愃茟K案 We’ve endured too many of these tragedies 每次聽到這樣的新聞時 and each time I learn the news, 我不是以總統(tǒng)的身份做出反應 I react not as a president 而是像所有人一樣 我的身份是家長 but as anybody would , as a parent.這在今天尤為真實

And that was especially true today.我知道所有家長都跟我一樣 Who doesn’t feel the same 感到極度的悲痛

overwhelming grief that I do.今天遇難的大多數(shù)都是兒童

The majority of those who died today were children, 漂亮的孩子們 beautiful little kids 年齡在5到10歲之間

between the ages of 5 and 10 years old.他們的人生才剛剛開始

They had their entire lives ahead of them 生日，畢業(yè)，婚禮

birthdays ,graduations ,weddings , 生兒育女 Kid of their own.逝者中也有教師

Among the fallen were also teachers, 這些男人和女人們奉獻了一生 men and women who devoted their lives 來幫助我們的孩子完成夢想

to helping our children fulfill their dreams.所以今天我們感到心碎

So our hearts are broken today 是為了這些孩子的父母祖父母們 for the parents and grandparents, 為了他們的兄弟姐妹們

sisters and brothers of these little children.為了那些喪生的大人們

and for the families of the adults who were lost.我們的心痛同樣獻給幸存者的家長 Our hearts are broken for the parents 雖然他們孩子今日得以幸免 能平安回家

for , as blessed as they are to have 但他們知道 孩子的純真已被過早奪去

they know that their children’s innocence has been torn away from them too early, 沒有什么言語能夠撫平他們的傷痛 and there are no words that will ease their pain.我們國家經(jīng)歷國太多類似案板

As a country , we have been through this too many times, 不論是牛頓的小學

whether it’s an elementary school in Newtown 俄勒岡的商場

or a shopping mall in Oregon 維斯康辛的寺廟 or a temple in Wisconsin 奧羅拉的電影院

or a movie theater in Aurora 還是芝加哥的街角 or a street corner in Chicago 這些街區(qū)都是我們的街

These neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, 這些孩子都是我們的孩子

and these children are our children, 我們要團結(jié)一致，采取有意義的措施 and take meaningful action 來避免更多類似慘案出現(xiàn) to prevent more tragedies like this, 不論你政見如何

regardless of the politics.今晚米歇爾和我會像全美國所有家長一樣 做這樣的事

This evening ,Michelle and I will do what I know every parent in America will do, 把我們的孩子抱得更緊一些

which is hug our children a little tighter, 并且告訴他們我們愛他們

and we’ll tell them that we love them, 我們還要提醒彼此 有多么深愛對方 and we’ll remind each other 但康州的一些家庭 今晚做不到這些國

But there are families in Connecticut who cannot do that tonight 現(xiàn)在他們需要我們大家的幫助

and they need all of us right now.面對苦難 他們需要我們拿出美國人的精神 In the hard days to come, at our best as Americans, 而我會盡我作為總統(tǒng)的一切能力來援助

and I will do everything in my power as president to help, 因為沒有什么能夠填補失去孩子或親人的空洞

because while nothing can fill the space of a lost child or a loved one , 我們都可以身處困境的人們伸出援手 all of us can extend a hand to those in need 提醒他們 to remind them 我們與他們同在

that we are there for them, 我們在這里為他們祈禱

that we are praying for them, 他們對逝者的愛不僅存在于他們的記憶中

that the love they felt for those they lost endures not just in their memories 也存在于我們的記憶中 but also in ours.愿上帝保佑對遇難者的悼念

May God bless the memory of the victims 最后引用《圣經(jīng)》的一句話 and, in the words of Scripture, 治愈心碎的人 heal the broken-hearted 幫他們包起傷口 and bind up their woinds.