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      高級(jí)英丘吉爾演講、馬克吐溫

      時(shí)間:2019-05-14 20:48:04下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
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      第一篇:高級(jí)英丘吉爾演講、馬克吐溫

      1.Speech on Hitler’ Invasion of the U.S.S.R

      “Behind all this glare.behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind...在這番刀光劍影、血雨腥風(fēng)的背后,我看到了那一小撮謀劃、組織并向人類(lèi)發(fā)起這場(chǎng)恐怖戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的惡棍···

      “I have to declare the decision of His Majesty’s Government—and I feel sure it is a decision in

      which the great Dominions will in due course concur—for we must speak out now at once, without a day’s delay.I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime.From this nothing will turn us—nothing.We will never parley,we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its people from his yoke.Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe...That is our policy and that is our declaration.It follows therefore that we shall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people.We shall appeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it,as we shall faithfully and stead-fastly to the end....現(xiàn)在我必須宣布大英帝國(guó)的決定,我確信偉大的自治領(lǐng)地在適當(dāng)時(shí)候會(huì)一致同意這個(gè)決定。然而我們必須立即宣布這項(xiàng)決定,一天也不能耽擱。我必須發(fā)表這項(xiàng)聲明,難道你們會(huì)懷疑我們的政策嗎?我們只有一個(gè)目標(biāo),一個(gè)唯一的,不可能變的目標(biāo),那就是一定要消滅希特勒和納粹政權(quán)的一切痕跡。什么也不能使我們改變這個(gè)決定。什么也不能!我們決不妥協(xié);我們決不同希特勒或他的任何黨羽談判。我們將在陸地上同他戰(zhàn)斗,直至借上帝之力,在地球上清除他的陰影,并把地球上的人民從他的枷鎖中解放出來(lái)。我們將援助任何一個(gè)同納粹主義作戰(zhàn)的人或者國(guó)家。我們將敵視任何一個(gè)助紂為虐的人或國(guó)家···這就是我們的政策,這就是我們的宣言。因此,我們將盡力援助(前)蘇聯(lián)和(前)蘇聯(lián)人民。我們將呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟友與我們同心協(xié)力,忠誠(chéng)不渝地斗爭(zhēng)到底···

      “This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party.It is not for me to speak of the action of the Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind from his tyranny.We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources.這絕不是階級(jí)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。這是一場(chǎng)大英帝國(guó)和英聯(lián)邦,不分種族,不分信仰,不分黨派,共同參與的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。我無(wú)權(quán)代表美國(guó)方面做任何行動(dòng)宣言,但我要聲明一點(diǎn),如果希特勒認(rèn)為他對(duì)(前)蘇聯(lián)的進(jìn)攻會(huì)稍稍轉(zhuǎn)移那些一心埋葬他的偉大的民主國(guó)家的目標(biāo)或者使他們斗志松懈的話(huà),那么他就大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了。恰恰相反,我們將會(huì)更加堅(jiān)定,勇敢地為將人類(lèi)從他的暴政下解救出來(lái)而奮斗,我們將加強(qiáng)自己的決心和力量,絕不退縮。

      “This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governments which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, when by united action they could have saved the world from this catastrophe.But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitler’s bold-lust and the hateful appetites which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure.I said there was one deeper motive behind his outrage.He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hopes that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air Force from the East and hurl it upon this Island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalty of his crimes.His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles.He hops, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the winter comes, and that he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United States may intervene.He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vain-namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.那些遭到德軍各個(gè)擊破的國(guó)家和政府,當(dāng)初若是采取聯(lián)合行動(dòng),原本是可以使自己和全世界免遭劫難的。當(dāng)然,現(xiàn)在不是對(duì)他們的愚蠢行為發(fā)表評(píng)論的時(shí)候。但我在幾分鐘前談到希特勒嗜血成性、欲壑難填的本性驅(qū)使并引誘他發(fā)動(dòng)了對(duì)(前)蘇聯(lián)的貿(mào)然進(jìn)攻時(shí),我說(shuō)過(guò)在他的 瘋狂行為背后隱藏著一個(gè)蓄謀已久的動(dòng)機(jī)。他之所以想摧毀蘇聯(lián)軍隊(duì),是因?yàn)樗谕坏┻@一行動(dòng)得手,他便可以將其他陸軍和空軍主力從東線調(diào)回,進(jìn)而投入到對(duì)英國(guó)的進(jìn)攻中去。他明白,他必須征服英國(guó),否則,他將為他的罪行付出代價(jià)。希特勒侵略(前)蘇聯(lián)只不過(guò)是蓄謀侵略不列顛諸島的前奏。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),他期望在冬季到來(lái)之前完成這一切,并在美國(guó)海軍和空軍干涉之前擊潰英國(guó)。他指望更大規(guī)模地故伎重演,各個(gè)擊破。他一直以來(lái)都是憑借這種伎倆得逞的。那是,他就可以為最后行動(dòng)清除障礙了,也就是說(shuō),他就要迫使西半球屈從于他的意志和制度下了,而如果做不到這一點(diǎn),他的一切征服都將化為泡影。

      1.Mark Twain--Mirror of America

      Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom sawyer’ endless summer of freedom and adventure.Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.I found another Twain as well-one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多數(shù)美國(guó)人印象中,馬克吐溫是位偉大的作家,他向我們描述了哈克 貝利費(fèi)恩再其永恒的童年時(shí)代充滿(mǎn)詩(shī)情畫(huà)意的旅行,還有湯姆索亞在漫長(zhǎng)的夏日里自由自在的探險(xiǎn)故事。的確,這位最受美國(guó)人喜愛(ài)的作家完全像人們想象的那樣富有冒險(xiǎn)精神、愛(ài)國(guó)、浪漫和幽默。但我同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)馬克吐溫的另一面——一個(gè)由于飽受了人生悲劇的打擊而變得憤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的馬克吐溫,一個(gè)位人類(lèi)的弱點(diǎn)所困惑而憂(yōu)心忡忡、清楚地看到前途一片黑暗的馬克吐溫。

      Tramp printer ,river pilot, Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.He adopt his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days,signaling two fathoms(12feet)of water—a navigable depth.His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print,and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、領(lǐng)航員、南部聯(lián)邦游擊隊(duì)員、淘金者、耽于幻想的樂(lè)觀派、言辭刻薄的諷刺家——馬克吐溫原名叫塞繆爾 朗格合恩 克勒孟斯,他用一生中超過(guò)三分之一的時(shí)間游歷于美國(guó)各地,親身體驗(yàn)美國(guó)的新生活,然后便以作家和演講家的身份與全世界一同分享他的感受。他的筆名來(lái)自他在汽船上做工時(shí)聽(tīng)到的水手們測(cè)量水深時(shí)的喊聲,意思是“水深兩?。?2英尺)—即可以通航的信號(hào)語(yǔ)。在他的作品中,由二十多部至今仍在印刷發(fā)行,在世界各地其譯本也被廣泛閱讀,這足以證明他受歡迎的程度。

      The geographic core in Twain’s early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart.Keelboats, flatboats, and large rafts carried the first major commerce.Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country, sugar, molasses, cotton, and whiskey traveled north.In the 1850’s, before the climax of westward expansion, the vast-basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States.馬克吐溫青年時(shí),美國(guó)的地理中心是密西西比河流域,而對(duì)于這個(gè)新興國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō),密西西比河就是其交通大動(dòng)脈。運(yùn)貨船、平底船和大木筏運(yùn)載著最初的主要商品。木材、玉米、煙草、小麥和皮毛制品順流而下,被運(yùn)送到該流域的三角洲地區(qū),砂糖、糖蜜、棉花和威士忌酒則被輸送到北方地區(qū)。19世紀(jì)50年代,在西部運(yùn)動(dòng)高潮到來(lái)之前,遼闊的密西西比河流域占當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)已居住領(lǐng)土面積的四分之三。

      Mark Twain's own Declaration of Independence came from another character.Six chapters into Tom Sawyer,he drags in“the juvenile pariah of the village,Hucklebeery Finn, son of the town drunkard.”Fleeing a respectable life with the puritanical Widow Douglas,Huck protests to his friend,Tom Sawyer:“I've tried it,and it don't work,Tom.It ain't for me...The widder eats by a bell;she goes to bed by a bell;she gits up by a bell —everything's so awful reg'lar a body can't stand it.” 馬克吐溫本人的獨(dú)立宣言表現(xiàn)在另一個(gè)人物形象上。從《湯姆?索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》第六章起,他引入了“村里的一個(gè)流浪兒,鎮(zhèn)上酒鬼的兒子哈克貝利?費(fèi)恩”。由于不習(xí)慣在清教徒道格拉斯寡婦家的體面生活,哈克逃了出來(lái),他向他的朋友湯姆抱怨到:“我試過(guò)了,但還是不行了;真難受啊,湯姆。我真不適合過(guò)這種日子??那寡婦要聽(tīng)鐘聲吃飯,聽(tīng)鐘聲睡覺(jué),連起床也要聽(tīng)鐘聲—一句話(huà),什么事都規(guī)規(guī)矩矩的,真叫人受不了。”

      Nine years after Tom Sawyer sweptthe nation,Huck was given a life of his own ,in a book often considerd the best ever written about Americans.His raft flight downtheMississippi with a runaway slave presents a moving panoranla for exploration of American Society.《湯姆?索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》風(fēng)靡美國(guó)九年后,馬克吐溫在一部被公認(rèn)為描寫(xiě)美國(guó)人的最為成功的作品里賦予了哈克獨(dú)立的生命。哈克同一個(gè)逃亡的奴隸乘著木筏沿著密西西比河順流而下,他們的航程。生動(dòng)地展示了一幅美國(guó)社會(huì)生活的全貌。

      第二篇:丘吉爾演講

      今晚,我要借此機(jī)會(huì)向大家發(fā)表演說(shuō),因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)來(lái)到了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻。

      今天凌晨4時(shí),希特勒已進(jìn)攻并入侵俄國(guó)。既沒(méi)有宣戰(zhàn),也沒(méi)有最后通牒,但德國(guó)炸彈卻突然在俄國(guó)城市上空象雨點(diǎn)般地落下,德國(guó)軍隊(duì)大舉侵犯俄國(guó)邊界。一小時(shí)后,德國(guó)大使拜見(jiàn)俄國(guó)外交部長(zhǎng),稱(chēng)兩國(guó)已處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。但正是這位大使,昨夜卻喋喋不休地向俄國(guó)人保證,德國(guó)是朋友,而且?guī)缀跏敲擞选?/p>

      希特勒是個(gè)十惡不赦、殺人如麻、欲望難填的魔鬼,而納粹制度除了貪得無(wú)厭和種族統(tǒng)治外,別無(wú)主旨和原則。它橫暴兇悍,野蠻侵略,為人類(lèi)一切形式的卑劣行徑所不及。

      它的殘酷行為和兇暴侵略所造成的惡果超過(guò)了各式各樣的人類(lèi)罪行。在過(guò)去二十五年中,沒(méi)有一個(gè)人像我這樣始終一貫地反對(duì)共產(chǎn)主義。我并不想收回我說(shuō)過(guò)的話(huà)。但是,這一切,在正在我們眼前展現(xiàn)的情景對(duì)照之下,都已黯然失色了。過(guò)去的一切,連同它的罪惡,它的愚蠢和悲劇,都一閃而逝了。我看見(jiàn)俄國(guó)士兵站在祖國(guó)的大門(mén)口,守衛(wèi)著他們的祖先自遠(yuǎn)古以來(lái)勞作的土地。我看見(jiàn)他們守衛(wèi)著自己的家園,他們的母親和妻子在祈禱——呵,是的,有時(shí)人人都要祈禱,祝愿親人平安,祝愿他們的贍養(yǎng)者、戰(zhàn)斗者和保護(hù)者回歸。

      我看到俄國(guó)上萬(wàn)的村莊,那里穿衣吃飯都依靠土地,生活雖然十分艱辛,那兒依然有著人類(lèi)的基本樂(lè)趣,少女在歡笑,兒童在玩耍。我看見(jiàn)納粹的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)器向他們碾壓過(guò)去,窮兇極惡地展開(kāi)了屠殺。我看見(jiàn)全副戎裝,佩劍、馬刀和鞋釘叮當(dāng)作響的普魯士軍官,以及剛剛威嚇、壓制過(guò)十多個(gè)國(guó)家的、好詐無(wú)比的特工高手。我還看見(jiàn)大批愚笨遲鈍,受過(guò)訓(xùn)練,唯命是從,兇殘暴忍的德國(guó)士兵,象一大群爬行的蝗蟲(chóng)正在蹣跚行進(jìn)。我看見(jiàn)德國(guó)轟炸機(jī)和戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)在天空盤(pán)旋,它們依然因英國(guó)人的多次鞭撻而心有余悸,卻在為找到一個(gè)自以為唾手可得的獵物而得意忘形。在這番囂張氣焰的背后,在這場(chǎng)突然襲擊的背后,我看到了那一小撮策劃、組織并向人類(lèi)發(fā)動(dòng)這場(chǎng)恐怖戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的惡棍。

      于是,我的思緒回到了若干年前。那時(shí),俄國(guó)軍隊(duì)是我們抗擊同一不共戴天的敵人的盟軍,他們堅(jiān)韌不拔,英勇善戰(zhàn),幫助我們贏得了勝利,但后來(lái),他們卻完全同這一切隔絕開(kāi)了——雖然這并非我們的過(guò)錯(cuò)。

      我親身經(jīng)歷了所有這一切,如果我直抒胸臆,感懷舊事,你們是會(huì)原諒我的。但現(xiàn)在我必須宣布國(guó)王陛下政府的決定,我確信偉大的自治領(lǐng)地在適當(dāng)時(shí)候會(huì)一致同意這項(xiàng)決定。然而我們必須現(xiàn)在,必須立即宣布這項(xiàng)決定,一天也不能耽擱。我必須發(fā)表這項(xiàng)聲明,我相信,你們絕不會(huì)懷疑我們將要采取的政策。

      我們只有一個(gè)目標(biāo),一個(gè)唯一的、不可變更的目標(biāo)。我們決心要消滅希特勒,肅清納粹制度的一切痕跡。什么也不能使我們改變這個(gè)決心。什么也不能!我們決不談判;我們決不同希特勒或他的任何黨羽進(jìn)行談判。我們將在陸地上同他作戰(zhàn);我們將在海洋上同他作戰(zhàn);我們將在天空中同他作戰(zhàn),直至借上帝之力,在地球上肅清他的陰影,并把地球上的人民從他的枷鎖下解放出來(lái)。

      任何一個(gè)同納粹主義作斗爭(zhēng)的人或國(guó)家,都將得到我們的援助。任何一個(gè)與希特勒同流合污的人或國(guó)家,都是我們的敵人。這一點(diǎn)不僅適用于國(guó)家,而且適用于所有那些卑劣的、吉斯林之流的代表人物,他們充當(dāng)了納粹制度的工具和代理人,反對(duì)自己的同胞,反對(duì)自己的故土。這些吉斯林們,就象納粹頭目自身一樣,如果沒(méi)有被自己的同胞干掉(干掉就會(huì)省下很多麻煩),就將在勝利的翌日被我們送交同盟國(guó)法庭審判。這就是我們的政策,這就是我們的聲明。

      因此,我們將盡力給俄國(guó)和俄國(guó)人民提供一切援助。我們將呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟友采取同樣的方針,并且同我們一樣,忠誠(chéng)不渝地推行到底。

      我們已經(jīng)向蘇俄政府提供了力所能及的,可能對(duì)他們有用的技術(shù)援助和經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。我們將日以繼夜地、越來(lái)越大規(guī)模地轟炸德國(guó),月復(fù)一月地向它大量投擲炸彈,使它每一個(gè)月都嘗到并吞下比它傾灑給人類(lèi)的更加深重的苦難。

      值得指出的是,僅僅在昨天,皇家空軍曾深入法國(guó)腹地,以極小損失擊落了28架侵犯、玷污并揚(yáng)言要控制法蘭西領(lǐng)空的德國(guó)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。

      然而,這僅僅是一個(gè)開(kāi)端。從現(xiàn)在起,我國(guó)空軍的擴(kuò)充將加速進(jìn)行。在今后6個(gè)月,我們從美國(guó)那兒得到的援助,包括各種戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)物資,尤其是重型轟炸機(jī),將開(kāi)始展示出重要意義。這不是階級(jí)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。這是一場(chǎng)整個(gè)大英帝國(guó)和英聯(lián)邦,不分種族,不分信仰,不分黨派,全都投入進(jìn)去的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

      希特勒侵略俄國(guó)僅僅是蓄謀侵略不列顛諸島的前奏。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),他指望在冬季到來(lái)之前結(jié)束這一切,并在美國(guó)海軍和空軍進(jìn)行干涉之前擊潰英國(guó)。他指望更大規(guī)模地重演故伎,各個(gè)擊破。他一直是憑借這種伎倆得逞的。那時(shí),他就可以為最后行動(dòng)清除障礙了,也就是說(shuō),他就要迫使西半球屈服于他的意志和他的制度了,而如果做不到這一點(diǎn),他的一切征服都將落空。

      因此,俄國(guó)的危險(xiǎn)就是我國(guó)的危險(xiǎn),就是美國(guó)的危險(xiǎn);俄國(guó)人民為保衛(wèi)家園而戰(zhàn)的事業(yè)就是世界各地自由人民和自由民族的事業(yè)。

      讓我們從如此殘酷的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中吸取教訓(xùn)吧!在這生命尚存,力量還在之際,讓我們加倍努力,團(tuán)結(jié)一心打擊敵人吧!

      第三篇:高級(jí)英語(yǔ)丘吉爾

      Exercises for Unit 5

      Class __________ No._________ Name ________________

      Ⅰ.Multiple-choice 1.He said that everyone should turn their backs _____ a craving for fame and prestige.A.for B.down C.up D.on 2.Hitler was however wrong and we should ______ to help Russia.A.make all out B.make out all C.go all out D.go out all 3.In June 1941 Hitler suddenly ______ an attack on Russia.A.launched B.exerted C.developed D.created 4.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the ________ of their native land, guarding the fields.A.threshold B.frontiers C.entrance D.gate 5.The subjugation of the western Hemisphere______ his will… A.to B.in C.according to D.against 6.When I awoke on the morning of Sunday, the news was brought ______ me ______Hitler’s invasion of Russia.A.for…of B.to…on C.to… of D.for… on 7.Hitler was wrong and we should ______ to help Russia.A.go out all B.go all out C.make out all D.make all out 8.Winant said the same would be true ______the U.S.A.A.with B.of C.for D.to 9.The Nazi regime is devoid ______ all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.A.of B.away C.from D.for 10.We shall ______ all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it.A.appeal to B.appeal for C.appeal with D.appeal of 11.This is no time to moralize ______ the follies of countries which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one.A.to

      B.on C.by D.in 12.In June 1941 Hitler suddenly launched an attack ______ Russia.A.for

      B.to C.on D.against

      II.Proof-reading 1.I suppose they will be rounded out in hordes.2.We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him on the air.3.The Iraqis are counting in enlisting the support of the world.4.On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind of his tyranny.5.If you do not commit the crime, you don’t have to go all out to concealing the evidence.III.Please identify the figures of speech used in the following sentences.1.After the failure of his last novel his reputation stands on slippery grounds.______ 2.I see also the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.______ 3.Let us learn the lesson already taught by such cruel experience.__________ 4.But can you doubt what our policy will be? _____________ 5.We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until,...______________ 6.We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.__________ 7.…with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers…__________

      IV.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the following words or expressions in its proper form.Each word or expression is to be used only once.be true of, count on, devoid of, fresh from, in due course,issue,round up, thereby, to that effect

      1.The great___________________ today is whether there will be war or peace.2.The sheepdog____________________ the sheep and drove them through the gate.3.Our team is ________________________ you to win the match, Joe.4.As _____________________ “due to”, “prior to” can never begin a sentence.5.He finished first in the race, _________ winning the championship for his school.6.She called him a villain or words_________________________.7.Sound waves can not travel through a space_____________________ air.8.These are eggs______________________ the hen, not preserved ones.9.I will answer all your questions______________________.V.Translation 1.Chinese to English Translation.1)他真是個(gè)好人,經(jīng)常在我媽媽面前說(shuō)我的好話(huà)。(reference)

      2)過(guò)去的一切——我們?cè)?jīng)的承諾,曾有過(guò)的快樂(lè),都煙消云散了。(flash)

      3)我記不得他是怎么說(shuō)的,但我肯定他講話(huà)的大意是那樣的。(effect)

      第四篇:丘吉爾二戰(zhàn)演講

      丘吉爾二戰(zhàn)演講

      1940年,從倫敦白廳的地下深處,在那些被稱(chēng)為內(nèi)閣戰(zhàn)時(shí)用房的建筑群里,溫斯頓 丘吉爾拯救了英國(guó),丘吉爾二戰(zhàn)演講。這個(gè)神秘的地下室變成了戰(zhàn)時(shí)的神經(jīng)中樞。丘吉爾甚至偶爾會(huì)在這里過(guò)夜。60號(hào)房間,這個(gè)政治掩體里,他向全國(guó)發(fā)表了他歷史性的演講,這些演講給了人民無(wú)比的勇氣和信心以贏得戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利。

      有時(shí)我想象:1940年,那時(shí)還是十幾歲女孩的媽媽和她的兄弟姐妹們圍坐在家里的收音機(jī)前,急切地聆聽(tīng)著丘吉爾的演講。對(duì)英國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)那時(shí)一段非常艱難的日子:頓刻爾克大撤退后,希特勒已經(jīng)占領(lǐng)了西歐的大部分地區(qū),而我們孤軍作戰(zhàn)以抵抗納粹。在巨大的恐懼和不安中人民等待著他的聲音,對(duì)他所講的每個(gè)字如饑似渴。

      而他們聽(tīng)到的,是歷史上最偉大的演講:這些演講甚至在我今天閱讀它們的時(shí)候,也讓我內(nèi)心充滿(mǎn)面對(duì)人生任何困難永不放棄的決心。丘吉爾在其政治家的外表之下更像一位詩(shī)人。他憑借其卓越的文字功力成就了一篇篇讓人難忘的演講,無(wú)形中培養(yǎng)了聽(tīng)眾難以置信的堅(jiān)毅品質(zhì)。這些特別的演講超越了政治內(nèi)容而成為文學(xué)典范,今天讀來(lái)確實(shí)像詩(shī)歌一般:

      “雖然歐洲的大部分土地和許多著名的古國(guó)已經(jīng)或可能陷入了蓋世太保以及所有可憎的納粹統(tǒng)治機(jī)構(gòu)的魔瓜,但我們絕不氣餒、絕不言敗。

      我們將戰(zhàn)斗到底。我們將在法國(guó)作戰(zhàn),我們將在海洋中作戰(zhàn),我們將以越來(lái)越大的信心和越來(lái)越強(qiáng)的力量在空中作戰(zhàn),我們將不惜一切代價(jià)保衛(wèi)本土,我們將在海灘作戰(zhàn),我們將在敵人的登陸點(diǎn)作戰(zhàn),我們將在田野和街頭作戰(zhàn),我們將在山區(qū)作戰(zhàn)。

      我們絕不投降?!?/p>

      這些演講將無(wú)可阻擋的韻律和反復(fù)使用的語(yǔ)句連在一起,讓人想起莎士比亞的那種皇家氣勢(shì)。這些非同尋常的文字能量改變了這個(gè)國(guó)家。它讓每個(gè)聽(tīng)演講的人內(nèi)心充滿(mǎn)信息和堅(jiān)定的信仰,讓我們這個(gè)小島經(jīng)受住不幸。這些演講進(jìn)入了英國(guó)人的靈魂深處,喚起了潛伏在每個(gè)英國(guó)人內(nèi)心的獅性。

      它們是我母親不屈不饒精神特質(zhì)的源泉,這些特質(zhì)在她晚年顯露得尤其明顯。我至今難忘那個(gè)圣誕:高齡79歲的她從樓梯頂一直摔到樓底。雖遍體鱗傷,她不僅活過(guò)來(lái),而且在圣誕早上,她竟然打扮一新,打定主意這樣重要的日子不能被打亂。我知道這種驚人的堅(jiān)韌是在二戰(zhàn)中塑造起來(lái)的,伴隨著他們那一代人,成型于丘吉爾無(wú)以倫比的演講。

      當(dāng)然這不是丘吉爾第一次運(yùn)用他的文學(xué)才華以達(dá)到驚人的效果。他青年時(shí)曾做過(guò)記者,也曾作為戰(zhàn)地記者隨英軍在印度和蘇丹作戰(zhàn)。作為記者,他曾在南非被捕,丘吉爾關(guān)于布爾戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的報(bào)道第一次引起公眾注意。他成為多產(chǎn)的歷史題材作家,他的著作包括寫(xiě)于1899年的《河上戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)》,那是他還是名戰(zhàn)士,此書(shū)描寫(xiě)了在蘇丹的戰(zhàn)役。

      丘吉爾作為首相的任命竟意外地成全了他最重要、最有成就的文學(xué)成果。經(jīng)歷了跌宕起伏的議會(huì)生涯,丘吉爾也因提出有爭(zhēng)議的政見(jiàn)而樹(shù)敵頗多,但他突出走出陰影,成為了擔(dān)當(dāng)時(shí)代重任的那個(gè)人。丘吉爾在寫(xiě)作與發(fā)表演講方面的天賦也在不久就顯露出來(lái),他作為一名偉大的演說(shuō)家的聲譽(yù)開(kāi)始建立起來(lái)。

      丘吉爾許多偉大的演講都具有散文詩(shī)的品質(zhì)以及充滿(mǎn)了激勵(lì)、鼓舞英國(guó)大眾面對(duì)危難的語(yǔ)言。他第一次對(duì)公眾廣播是在1940年5月19日, 這次演講包括下面的文字:

      “ 在我們身后------聚集著破碎的國(guó)家和被奴役的民族-----對(duì)于所有人來(lái)說(shuō),野蠻的長(zhǎng)漫漫長(zhǎng)夜將要降臨,即使有希望之星出現(xiàn),這長(zhǎng)夜也無(wú)法打破,除非我們戰(zhàn)而勝之,我們必須戰(zhàn)而勝之,我們定能戰(zhàn)而勝之?!?/p>

      我們看到詩(shī)歌技巧已成為丘吉爾偉大演講的鮮明特征。這段演講并非政治家常用的演講套路,而是采用了豐富的想象力,并通過(guò)反復(fù)使用“征服”一詞睿智地創(chuàng)造出富有節(jié)奏感的強(qiáng)大共鳴,演講稿《丘吉爾二戰(zhàn)演講》。它傳達(dá)了絕對(duì)明確的信念:我們將驅(qū)除暴-政,還自由于歐洲。

      從還是個(gè)小男孩時(shí),這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)就令我著迷,我熱衷于聽(tīng)我的父母一口氣講述他們的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)故事:我們?nèi)绾乌A得不列顛之戰(zhàn)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)始終還是個(gè)謎。1940年7月14日,那場(chǎng)偉大空戰(zhàn)的前夜,BBC向全國(guó)播出了丘吉爾名為“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的無(wú)名勇士”的演講,其中包含了這樣美妙的句子:當(dāng)我們滿(mǎn)懷敬畏站在未及展開(kāi)的人類(lèi)命運(yùn)畫(huà)卷前,信仰給了我們幫助與安慰。

      這次演講所創(chuàng)造出的抒情般的想象,漸漸喚起了英國(guó)人的英雄情結(jié),叩擊著我們民族認(rèn)同的核心價(jià)值。這些話(huà)讓人聯(lián)想到莎士比亞,是他鍛造了這份認(rèn)同感并傳達(dá)出了英國(guó)人的驕傲:絕不允許我們國(guó)家被外來(lái)列強(qiáng)所征服。丘吉爾通過(guò)這些文字傳達(dá)出莎士比亞的精神:現(xiàn)在,我們必須獨(dú)擔(dān)危難,面對(duì)納粹暴-政與敵意可能帶來(lái)的最壞后果-----在這里,我們的海域由海軍嚴(yán)密防守;我們的領(lǐng)空由空軍英勇捍衛(wèi)----我們滿(mǎn)懷信心等待即將到來(lái)的襲擊?!?/p>

      亨利五世曾喃喃自語(yǔ)這些話(huà)的有趣場(chǎng)景被改編進(jìn)由勞倫斯 奧利弗在戰(zhàn)時(shí)主演的電影,極大地提升了民族的士氣。

      “向前沖,親愛(ài)的朋友,向前;或者就拿咱們英國(guó)人的尸體去堵住這座城墻”

      丘吉爾的演講喚起了英國(guó)人的集體潛意識(shí)。這些演講重新喚醒了莎士比亞,幾世紀(jì)前他就將民族魂深深融入人心,那些不朽的語(yǔ)句從理查德二世嘴里脫口而出:

      “這一個(gè)鑲嵌在銀色的海水之中的寶石,這被護(hù)佑的地方、地球、領(lǐng)土和英格蘭?!?/p>

      但直到我成人后,研究了1940年的歷史現(xiàn)實(shí),我意識(shí)到我們的失敗是不可避免的。當(dāng)時(shí)唯一明智的行動(dòng)是向希特勒投降或者達(dá)成一項(xiàng)和平協(xié)議。但我父母從沒(méi)有這樣談起那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。我記得曾問(wèn)過(guò)母親:是什么讓他們堅(jiān)信我們必勝?她的回答非常簡(jiǎn)單:丘吉爾的演講。他的話(huà)讓這個(gè)國(guó)家的每個(gè)人堅(jiān)信:勝利終將屬于我們。

      1940年8月英國(guó)到了生死存亡的關(guān)頭:在這歷史的危急時(shí)刻,德軍對(duì)英國(guó)南部機(jī)場(chǎng)實(shí)施了毀滅性攻擊,英國(guó)空軍頑強(qiáng)抵抗,最關(guān)鍵的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)還在持續(xù)。丘吉爾在8月20日做了另一個(gè)重要演講,其中包含了最廣為人知的那句名言,他贊揚(yáng)英國(guó)皇家空軍的飛行員,其中丘吉爾對(duì)“少數(shù)”的表達(dá)震撼人心:

      “在人類(lèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)歷史上,從來(lái)沒(méi)有一次像這樣,有如此之少的人,為如此之多的人,作出如此巨大的犧牲。”

      寥寥數(shù)語(yǔ)就把人們無(wú)法言表的情緒表達(dá)出來(lái)。

      1940年9月1號(hào),希特勒改變戰(zhàn)略,妄圖以對(duì)倫敦的狂轟亂炸來(lái)摧毀英國(guó)人民的意志。倫敦人在丘吉爾演講的激勵(lì)下,毫不畏懼地平靜地繼續(xù)著他們每天的生活。當(dāng)我還是孩子時(shí),我父母講述的倫敦人在那個(gè)非常時(shí)期的驚人勇敢的故事深深吸引住了我。他們的勇氣是我整個(gè)生命中的靈感源泉。

      丘吉爾在1941年2月那篇名為《給我們武器》的演講中盛贊了倫敦人,他動(dòng)容地講到倫敦人的頑強(qiáng)抵抗如何使得希特勒的詭計(jì)化為泡影。這篇長(zhǎng)篇演講在情緒表達(dá)和文學(xué)價(jià)值上如此豐富多彩,值得每個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生去仔細(xì)品味。演講中還包含了這些優(yōu)美段落:丘吉爾向英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家給予祖國(guó)的支持表示感謝以及對(duì)希望人墨英勇翻看索里尼的軍隊(duì)的敬意。

      在演講的結(jié)束部分,丘吉爾對(duì)羅斯??偨y(tǒng)的支持給予了激動(dòng)人心的回應(yīng):

      “我們不能退縮或失敗;我們不能變虛弱或疲憊……無(wú)論戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的突然打擊還是長(zhǎng)久的警惕與努力的考驗(yàn)都不能讓我們失去信心。給我們武器,我們就能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)?!?/p>

      丘吉爾繼續(xù)著他的不巧演說(shuō)直到希特勒被打敗,歐洲重獲自由。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,他開(kāi)始找手寫(xiě)有關(guān)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的長(zhǎng)卷。這6部長(zhǎng)卷為他贏得了1953年的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。他的獲獎(jiǎng)不僅是對(duì)他文學(xué)成就的肯定,更重要是對(duì)他以偉大的演說(shuō)激勵(lì)人民走向勝利的高度認(rèn)可。

      丘吉爾的演講,毫不夸張地說(shuō),拯救了世界。贏得戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)靠的不僅子彈和炸彈,關(guān)鍵是信仰。這信仰是丘吉爾那些動(dòng)人心魄的演講灌輸給每個(gè)英國(guó)達(dá)人這是贏得了信仰的一個(gè)丘吉爾的詩(shī)歌在每一個(gè)人灌輸?shù)男叛?。它證明了文字的力量可以影響整個(gè)國(guó)家并最終贏得勝利。

      語(yǔ)言的力量有時(shí)比武器更強(qiáng)大。

      第五篇:丘吉爾二戰(zhàn)演講

      丘吉爾在二戰(zhàn)初期危難之際就任首相后首次在國(guó)會(huì)發(fā)表的演說(shuō)

      9月1日早晨,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后的數(shù)小時(shí),張伯倫邀請(qǐng)丘吉爾加入戰(zhàn)時(shí)內(nèi)閣。9月3日,丘吉爾被重新任命為海軍大臣。由于戰(zhàn)事進(jìn)展不順利,下院議員們?cè)?940年5月對(duì)張伯倫政府提出不信任動(dòng)議案,于是張伯倫只得向國(guó)王提出辭呈,并建議由丘吉爾組閣。5月10日下午6時(shí),國(guó)王召見(jiàn)丘吉爾,令其組閣;一小時(shí)后丘吉爾會(huì)見(jiàn)工黨領(lǐng)袖艾德禮,邀請(qǐng)工黨加入內(nèi)閣并獲得支持。3天后丘吉爾首次以首相身份出席下議院會(huì)議,發(fā)表了著名的講話(huà):“我沒(méi)有別的,只有熱血、辛勞、眼淚和汗水獻(xiàn)給大家……你們問(wèn):我們的目的是什么?我可以用一個(gè)詞來(lái)答復(fù):勝利,不惜一切代價(jià)的勝利,無(wú)論多么恐怖也要爭(zhēng)取勝利,無(wú)論道路多么遙遠(yuǎn)艱難,也要爭(zhēng)取勝利,因?yàn)闆](méi)有勝利就無(wú)法生存?!?下議院最終以381票對(duì)0票的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)表明了對(duì)丘吉爾政府的支持。

      Blood, Sweat and Tears熱血,汗水和眼淚

      On Friday evening last I received His Majesty's

      commission to form a new Administration.It was the evident

      wish and will of Parliament and the nation that this should be

      conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should

      include all parties, both those who supported the late

      Government and also the parties of the Opposition.I have

      completed the most important part of this task.A War

      Cabinet has been formed of five Members, representing, with

      the Opposition Liberals, the unity of the nation.The three

      party Leaders have agreed to serve, either in the War Cabinet

      or in high executive office.The three Fighting Services have

      been filled.It was necessary that this should be done in one

      single day, on account of the extreme urgency and rigorous

      of events.A number of other positions, key positions, were

      filled yesterday, and I am submitting a further list to His

      Majesty to-night.I hope to complete the appointment of the

      principal Ministers during to-morrow.the appointment of the

      other Ministers usually takes a little longer, but I trust that,when Parliament meets again, this part of my task will be

      completed, and that the administration will be complete in all

      respects.I considered it in the public interest to suggest that the

      House should be summoned to meet today.Mr.Speaker

      agreed, and took the necessary steps, in accordance with the

      powers conferred upon him by the Resolution of the House.At the end of the proceedings today, the Adjournment of the

      House will be proposed until Tuesday, 21st May, with, of

      course, provision for earlier meeting, if need be.The business

      to be considered during that week will be notified to

      上星期五晚上,我奉陛下之命,組織新的一屆政府。按國(guó)會(huì)和國(guó)民的意愿,新政府顯然應(yīng)該考慮建立在盡可能廣泛的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)該兼容所有的黨派。我已經(jīng)完成了這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的最主要的部分。戰(zhàn)時(shí)內(nèi)閣已由五人組成,包括工黨、反對(duì)黨和自由黨,這體現(xiàn)了舉國(guó)團(tuán)結(jié)一致。由于事態(tài)的極端緊急和嚴(yán)峻,新閣政府須于一天之內(nèi)組成,其他的關(guān)鍵崗位也于昨日安排就緒。今晚還要向國(guó)王呈報(bào)一份名單。我希望明天就能完成幾位主要大臣的任命。其余大臣們的任命照例得晚一些。我相信,在國(guó)會(huì)下一次召開(kāi)時(shí),任命將告完成,臻于完善。為公眾利益著想,我建議議長(zhǎng)今天就召開(kāi)國(guó)會(huì)。今天的議程結(jié)束時(shí),建議休會(huì)到5月21日,并準(zhǔn)備在必要時(shí)提前開(kāi)會(huì)。有關(guān)事項(xiàng)當(dāng)會(huì)及早通知各位議員。現(xiàn)在我請(qǐng)求國(guó)會(huì)作出決議,批準(zhǔn)我所采取的各項(xiàng)步驟,啟示記錄在案,并且聲明信任新政府。決議如下:“本

      Members at the earliest opportunity.I now invite the House, by the Motion which stands in my name, to record its approval of the steps taken and to declare its confidence in the new Government.To form an Administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself, but it must be remembered that we are in the preliminary stage of one of the greatest battles in history, that we are in action at many other points in Norway and in Holland, that we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean, that the air battle is continuous and that many preparations, such as have been indicated by my hon.Friend below the Gangway, have to be made here at home.In this crisis I hope I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today.I hope that any of my friends and colleagues, or former colleagues, who are affected by the political reconstruction, will make allowance, all allowance, for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined this government: ”I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.“

      We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind.We have before us many, many long months of struggle and of suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I can say: It is to wage war, by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us;to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human crime.That is our policy.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be;for without victory, there is no survival.Let that be realized;no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge and impulse of the ages, that mankind will move forward towards its goal.But I take up my task with buoyancy and hope.I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.At this time I feel entitled to claim the aid of all, and I say, ”come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.“

      國(guó)會(huì)歡迎新政府的組成,她體現(xiàn)了舉國(guó)一致的堅(jiān)定不移的決心:對(duì)德作戰(zhàn),直到最后勝利?!?組織如此規(guī)模和如此復(fù)雜的政府原本是一項(xiàng)重大的任務(wù)。但是我們正處于歷史上罕見(jiàn)的一場(chǎng)大戰(zhàn)的初始階段。我們?cè)谄渌S多地點(diǎn)作戰(zhàn)--在挪威,在荷蘭,我們還必須在地中海做好準(zhǔn)備??諔?zhàn)正在繼續(xù),而且在本土也必須做好許多準(zhǔn)備工作。值此危急關(guān)頭,我想,即使我今天向國(guó)會(huì)的報(bào)告過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)略,也當(dāng)能見(jiàn)諒。我還希望所有在這次改組中受到影響的朋友、同僚和舊日的同僚們對(duì)必要的禮儀方面的任何不周之處能毫不介意。我向國(guó)會(huì)表明,一如我向入閣的大臣們所表明的,我所能奉獻(xiàn)的唯有熱血、辛勞、眼淚和汗水。我們所面臨的將是一場(chǎng)極其嚴(yán)酷的考驗(yàn),將是曠日持久的斗爭(zhēng)和苦難。若問(wèn)我們的政策是什么?我的回答是:在陸上、海上、空中作戰(zhàn)。盡我們的全力,盡上帝賦予我們的全部力量去作戰(zhàn),對(duì)人類(lèi)黑暗、可悲的罪惡史上空前兇殘的暴政作戰(zhàn)。這就是我們的政策。若問(wèn)我們的目標(biāo)是什么?我可以用一個(gè)詞來(lái)回答,那就是勝利。不惜一切代價(jià),去奪取勝利--不懼一切恐怖,去奪取勝利--不論前路如何漫長(zhǎng)、如何艱苦,去奪取勝利。因?yàn)闆](méi)有勝利就不能生存。我們務(wù)必認(rèn)識(shí)到:沒(méi)有勝利就不復(fù)有大英帝國(guó),沒(méi)有勝利就不復(fù)有大英帝國(guó)所象征的一切,沒(méi)有勝利就不復(fù)有多少世紀(jì)以來(lái)的強(qiáng)烈要求和沖動(dòng):人類(lèi)應(yīng)當(dāng)向自己的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。我精神振奮、滿(mǎn)懷信心地承擔(dān)起我的任務(wù)。我確信,大家聯(lián)合起來(lái),我們的事業(yè)就不會(huì)遭到挫敗。在此時(shí)此刻的危急關(guān)頭,我覺(jué)得我有權(quán)要求各方面的支持。我要說(shuō):“來(lái)吧,讓我們?nèi)翰呷毫?,并肩前進(jìn)!”

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