第一篇:語法之一般過去時(shí)(模版)
一般過去時(shí) 一、一般過去時(shí)態(tài)定義
表示過去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。謂語動詞要用一般過去式。經(jīng)常與yesterday, last week, last month, last year, two months ago, the day before yesterday,in 1990, in those days等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。
如: I was born in 1990.When did you go to the park?
I went to the park last week.二、一般過去時(shí)態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu)
在上面的句子中第一句屬于be動詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài);第二句和第三句屬于實(shí)義動詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。
1. Be 動詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)
在沒有實(shí)義動詞的句子中使用be動詞,am is 的過去式為was;are的過去式為were.構(gòu)成:
肯定句:主語+was(were)+表語 如:I was late yesterday.否定句:主語+was(were)+not+表語 如:We weren't late yesterday.She wasn't a teacher three years ago.疑問句:一般疑問句:Was(Were)+主語+表語 如:Were you ill yesterday?
Were they once your classmates?
肯定回答: Yes, I was.否定句: No, I wasn't.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+ Was(Were)+主語+表語
Who were your best friends in your primary school?
2.實(shí)義動詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)
肯定句要使用動詞的過去式,否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和 does 的過去式 did.肯定句為:主語+動詞過去式+賓語 如:I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.否定句:主語+didn't +動詞原形+賓語 如:I didn't go home yesterday.He didn't tell me about you.疑問句:一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形+賓語 如:Did you go home yesterday?
Did you study in the school?
肯定回答: Yes, I did.否定回答:No, I didn't.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+did +主語+動詞原型+賓語
When did you finish your homework last night?
What did you do the day before yesterday?
3.助動詞和情態(tài)動詞過去式如下:
shall―should(將要)用于第一人稱單數(shù)
will―would(將要)用于所有人稱
can― could(能,會)may―might(可以)must―must(必須)
have to―had to(不得不)
助動詞和情態(tài)動詞的過去時(shí)態(tài)要使用他們的過去式,后面的動詞還使用原形。
如: I had to do my homework yesterday.(昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。)三、一般過去時(shí)態(tài)動詞變化形式
一般過去時(shí)態(tài)由動詞的過去式表示。大多數(shù)動詞的過去式是在動詞原形后加上ed構(gòu)成。這類動詞稱為規(guī)則動詞。
1)一般情況下在詞尾直接加ed。如:play―played work―worked
2)以e結(jié)尾的動詞只加d.如:like---liked love―loved
3)以輔音字母+Y結(jié)尾的動詞,變Y為I,再加ed.如:study―studied carry―carried
4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞,如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,要雙寫最后這個(gè)輔音字母,再加ed.如:stop―stopped
--ed的讀音規(guī)則如下:
① 在清輔音后面讀[t].work―worked [wE:kt] help―helped [helpt]
② 在濁輔音或元音后讀[d].learn―learned [lE:nd]
③ 在[t] 和[d] 后讀[id].support―supported [sE'pC:tid]支持
5)不以ed 結(jié)尾的過去式,稱為不規(guī)則動詞。我們常用的有:
am(是)--was, is(是)--was, are(是)--were, begin(開始)--began,bring(拿來)--brought, can(能)--could, catch(捉?。?-caught, come(來)--came, cut(砍,割)--cut, dig(挖,掘)--dug, do(做,干)--did, draw(畫畫,拉)--drew, drink(喝)--drank, drive(駕駛)--drove, eat(吃)--ate, fall(跌倒,落下)--fell, feel(感覺)--felt, fly(飛)--flew, get(獲得)--got, give(給)---gave, go(去)--went, grow(生長)--grew, have(has)(有)--had, hurt(傷害)--hurt, keep(保持)--kept, know(知道,認(rèn)識)--knew, learn(學(xué)習(xí))--learnt, leave(離開)--left, let(讓)--let, lie(躺,平放)--lay, make(使得,做)--made, may(可以)--might, must(必須)--must, read(讀)--read, ride(騎)--rode, ring(鳴鈴)--rang, run(跑)--ran, say(說)--said, see(看見)--saw, sell(賣)--sold, send(送)--sent, set(放)--set, sing(唱歌)--sang, sit(坐)--sat, sleep(睡覺)--slept, smell(聞)--smelt, speak(說話)--spoke, spend(花費(fèi))--spent, stand(站立)--stood, swim(游泳)--swam, take(拿到)--took, teach(教)--taught, tell(告訴)--told, think(認(rèn)為)--thought, throw(投擲)--threw, understand(懂得)--understood, wake(喚醒)--woke, wear(穿)--wore, will(將要)--would, win(獲勝)--won, write(寫)--wrote 四、一般過去時(shí)態(tài)句型轉(zhuǎn)換繞口令
一般過去時(shí)態(tài)并不難,過去發(fā)生的事情記心間。
主要句型“主動賓”,“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)也常見。
“主動賓”否定很簡單,didn't 放在主、動間。
“主系表”否定也不難,was/ were后not 緊相連。
“主動賓”變成疑問式,did 放在主語前。
“主系表”疑問也好辦,was/ were 提到主語前。
疑問、否定隨你變,動詞過去式要還原。
一般過去時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.He ___(be)born in Shanghai.2.Tom ___(go)to see the movies yesterday.3.She ___(stay)at home and ____(do)her homework last night.2
4.Last year, he ___(work)in Xi’an.5.What ___ you ___(do)yesterday? We ___(take)some photos.6.What day ___(be)it yesterday? It___(be)Monday.7.Mr.Green___(come)to Beijing two years ago.8.How ___ you ___(spend)your holiday? I ___(visit)some places of interest.9.Mr.Wang ___(be)free yesterday.He ___(fly)a kite with her son.10.I ___(not do)my homework just now.I ____(clean)my bedroom.二、單項(xiàng)選擇。
()
1、My father __________football every week.A.played B.plays C.playing()
2、I played basketball in the playground __________ weekend.A.last B.next C.this()
3、My grandparents __________ in the evenings.A.watches B.watch TV C.watched TV()
4、Did Rose __________ last Sunday? A.went swimming B.read a book C.taking pictures()
5、Tom __________ very happy last night..A.looks B.is C.was()
6、Three days __________ , I will be back to Shunde.A.before B.later C.soon()
7、__________ the second day , I rowed a boat in the river.A.In B.On C.At()8.__________ was your last trip? Last weekend.A.When B.Where C.How()
9、What __________ you __________ for the last day of the holiday? A.do, do B.did, do C.do, did()
10、It was a long holiday.They_____ Shanghai on Mar.2nd and ______ to Harbin on the 3rd.A.leave, got B.left , get C.left, got()
11、She __________ homework last night.A.doesn’t , do B.don’t ,did C.didn’t ,do()
12、He has nothing to do.He is __________.A.tired B.angry C.bored()13.What did you do __________ your holiday ?
A.in B.on C.at()14.He __________ in the river last week.A.swam B.swims C.swum()15.--Can you __________?--Yes, I __________ last night.A.dance, danced B.dances, dance C.danced ,danced
三、根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子
1.你去郵局用了多長時(shí)間?
_______ _________did it_______ you to get to the post office.2.他們在倫敦拍了許多照片。
They_______ lots of _______in London.3.他爸爸三年前買了那輛汽車。
His father ________ that car _______ _______ _______.4.上周五我們坐公共汽車回家的。
Last Friday we ______ a bus to ______ _________.5.我們?nèi)胰俗蛱煜挛缫黄鹑ス珗@散步了。
Our family _______ _______ _______ _______ in the park yesterday afternoon.6.瑪麗小時(shí)候經(jīng)常騎車上學(xué)。
Mary usually ______ _______ school ________ bike when she _______ young.7.去你的新房用了多長時(shí)間?
_______ _________did it_______to get to your new house.8.我們在公園里拍了許多照片。
We_______ lots of _______in the park.9.他們在一家小餐館里吃晚飯。
They________ ________ in a small restaurant.10.明天我打算坐公共汽車回家。
Tomorrow I am going to take a bus to______ _________.四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1.Did she study English well?(改為肯定句)She________English well.2.I went to Los Angeles two years ago.(對劃線部分提問)
_______did you______to Los Angeles?
3.We had a great time.(同義句)We_________ ___________.4.It took us about nine hours to get there.(對劃線部分提問)
______ _________ __________it _______you to get there?
5.We saw the homes of the movie stars there.(同上)_______ did you_______there?
6.We got here by bike.(同上)_____ _____you_____here?
7.Jenny didn’t come with me because she was tired.(同上)
_______ _______Jenny come with you?
8.Finally today I did some shopping.(同義句)Finally today I _______ _______ 4
第二篇:過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較
過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較
1)過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2)過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用,或無時(shí)間狀語。
一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語: yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語
共同的時(shí)間狀語:this morning, tonight ,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until,up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時(shí)間狀語
3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例:
I saw this film yesterday.(過去時(shí))我昨天看了這個(gè)電影(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。)I have seen this film.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))我看過這部電影了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)Why did you get up so early?(一般過去是得疑問句)
為什么你起得這么早(強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。)
She has returned from Paris.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
她已從巴黎回來了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)人已經(jīng)離開了巴黎)
句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過去時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents
第三篇:過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
1.一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過去的事情,不強(qiáng)調(diào)對“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。如:
He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時(shí)間)
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用。如:
Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦)
3.兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分
(1)一般過去時(shí)的謂語動詞用過去式,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語基本構(gòu)成是“助動詞have /has +過去分詞”。如:
(2)一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just, already, ever, never等副詞和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。
看看以下的幾組句子,有什么區(qū)別?
① Have you seen the film?(A)
Did you see the film?(B)
[說明] 你看過這部電影嗎?(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解;(B)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過,并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。
② How has he done it?(A)
How did he do it?(B)
[說明]他是怎么做的這件事?(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響;(B)句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。
③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)
He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)
[說明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年,可能還會繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過8年,現(xiàn)在不在北京了。
輕松記憶初中英語動詞過去式和過去分詞
簡單的說:過去式是用在一般過去時(shí)的,過去分詞用在完成時(shí)態(tài)的.具體點(diǎn):就是分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞兩種情況來講:形式變化:
一.規(guī)則,過去式和過去分詞都是在詞末加-ed
二.不規(guī)則,要背不規(guī)則動詞表。
用法:
過去式用于“一般過去時(shí)”
過去分詞要和其它成分連用。
1.have has +過去分詞(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
2.had+過去分詞(過去完成時(shí))
3.be+過去分詞(被動語態(tài))
過去式用來表達(dá)動詞的“過了”、“完了”等意思,漢語里表達(dá)動作的時(shí)間時(shí)采用的是前后加字法,即在動詞的前面或后面加字,如表達(dá)做過和做完,只要在動詞的后面加上“過了”、“完了”就行了,如吃過了、看過了。而英語采用的是變形法,即不加字,而是讓動詞本身發(fā)生變化,如eat變成ate,see變成saw,ate、saw就是表達(dá)“吃過了”、“看過”的過去式。
而“過去分詞”則完全是另一回事,它的寫法和過去式有時(shí)一樣有時(shí)不一樣(簡單詞多不一樣,長詞多一樣),但用法完全不一樣,它有時(shí)表達(dá)“被……”,有時(shí)表達(dá)“完成……”,不僅可以做動詞,還可以做形容詞
英語動詞按其過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方式可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞。規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞由詞尾加ed構(gòu)成,而不規(guī)則動詞的變化因詞而異。但如對不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞做一分析,就可發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的“規(guī)則”。為方便同學(xué)們記憶,現(xiàn)將初中英語教學(xué)大綱中的69個(gè)不規(guī)則動詞的原形、過去式和過去分詞列出并規(guī)為五種類型。
一、AAA型(原形、過去式和過去分詞同形):
costcostcostcutcutcut
letletletputputput
readreadread
二、ABB型(過去式與過去分詞同形):
bringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuilt buyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfelt findfoundfoundgetgotgothavehadhadhearheardheard holdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlearnlearntlearntleaveleftleft
lendlentlentmakemademade meetmetmetpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsold
sendsentsentshineshoneshonesitsatsatsleepsleptslept smellsmeltsmeltspendspentspent standstoodstoodteachtaughttaught
telltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtunderstandunderstoodunderstood
三、ABC型(原形、過去式和過去分詞各異):
bewas/werebeenbeginbeganbegun blowblewblownbreakbrokebroken dodiddonedrawdrewdrawn drinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriven eatateeatenfallfellfallen
flyflewflownforgetforgotforgottengivegavegivengowentgone growgrewgrownknowknewknown lielaylainrideroderidden ringrangrungseesawseen showshowedshownsingsangsung speakspokespokenswimswamswum taketooktakenthrowthrewthrown wakewokewokenwearworeworn writewrotewritten
四、ABA型(原形與過去分詞同形):
becomebecamebecomecomecamecome
五、AAB型(原形與過去式同形):
beatbeatbeaten
第四篇:過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在時(shí)的對比
His father is a film director.他父親是電影導(dǎo)演。
His father was a film director.他父親曾是電影導(dǎo)演。
現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)的用法
1.I often go to school by bus.2.It is 8 o’clock now.3.The lady speaks English.4.The moon moves around the sun.5.Tomorrow is Sunday.1.表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。
常與always,usually,often,sometimes,every day(week,month)等連用。
2.表示現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)。
3.表示主語所具有的特征,性格和能力等。
4.表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。
5.表示已預(yù)先安排或計(jì)劃好將來確定會發(fā)生的動作
一般過去時(shí)的用法
.I was at the greengrocer’s yesterday.2.I came into the classroom and sat down quickly.3.I would not leave if you didn’t come back.1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示過去時(shí)間的副詞如:yesterday,last week,two hours ago等連用。
2.表示過去發(fā)生的一連串動作。
3.在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來的動作。
過去時(shí)
eatateeaten
Tom eats a cake.Tom ate a cake yesterday.Tomdid not eat a cake yesterday.Tomdidn’t eat a cake yesterday.Did Tom eat a cake yesterday?
yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語,例如:yesterday morning;
由“l(fā)ast+時(shí)間”構(gòu)成的短語, 例如:last year;
由“時(shí)間段+ago”構(gòu)成的短語,three days ago;
另外,還有
on the morning of Monday,just now等。
行為動詞的過去式
(1)直接在動詞原形末尾加-ed.work-----worked;ask------asked;
(2)以e結(jié)尾的動詞只加-d.arrive-----arrived;like-----liked.(3)雙寫末尾輔音字母,再加-ed.shop-----shopped;stop----stopped,plan---planned;
(4)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變成-ied.carry----carried;study------studied.(5)有些動詞變過去式是不規(guī)則的需要牢記eat----ate;break-----broke;teach-----taught.I make a mistake.(last year)
I made a mistake last year.I didn’t make a mistake last year.Did you make a mistake last year
第五篇:淺談小學(xué)英語過去時(shí)的教學(xué)
淺談小學(xué)英語過去時(shí)的教學(xué)
英語“時(shí)”(tense)是一種語法范疇,用來表示動作發(fā)生或狀態(tài)存在的時(shí)間。這個(gè)和中文有很大不同,主要是英語動詞的所在的謂語的不同形式。小學(xué)英語時(shí)態(tài)的教學(xué)基本就是謂語動詞形式的教學(xué),過去時(shí)也就主要是動詞過去式?!斑^去時(shí)”(past tense),顧名思義,當(dāng)然是表示過去時(shí)間。小學(xué)英語的過去時(shí)要簡單一些,一般過去時(shí)表示(1)過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生,并且一下子就完成了的動作(即:非持續(xù)性動作),也可以表示(2)過去習(xí)慣性的動作。一般過去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作對現(xiàn)在的影響,只說明過去。
剛開始過去時(shí)的教學(xué)時(shí),我喜歡用天氣情況引入。如我問學(xué)生“What is the weather like today? It is ….What will the weather be like tomorrow? It will be ….What was the weather like yesterday? It was ….”。有yesterday用be動詞過去式 was;有today 用be動詞三單現(xiàn)is ;tomorrow用be動詞原形will be。一般過去時(shí)的謂語動詞由動詞的過去式構(gòu)成,除 be 動詞外,其余動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。這種情況常和“just now剛才,yesterday昨天,last year去年,in 1999在一九九九年,two days ago兩天之前,”等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。
一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成
我們主要來學(xué)習(xí)謂語動詞為實(shí)義動詞的一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成。
動詞過去式的構(gòu)成:
(1)規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成有四條規(guī)則:
①一般在動詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked。
②以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived。
③末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed。如:stop-stopped。
④末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞,先變y為i,然后再加-ed。如:study-studied。
(2)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have(has)-had等。
一般過去時(shí)的幾種句型 肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+動詞的過去式+其它。如:He went to the park yesterday.他昨天去公園了。
否定句結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+did not(didn't)+動詞原形+其它。如:He didn't go to the park yesterday.他昨天沒去公園。
一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成:Did+主語+動詞原形+其它?如:
1)-Did you go to Chengdu last Sunday ?
-Yes, we did.(No, we didn't.)
2)-Did you help your Mum yesterday?
-No, I didn't.(Yes, I did.)
一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成:疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+其它?如:
1)-What did you do last Monday?
-I did my homework.2)-Where did you go yesterday?
-I went to the supermarket.一般過去時(shí)口訣 一般過去時(shí)并不難,表示過去動作、狀態(tài)記心間。動詞要用過去式,時(shí)間狀語句末站。否定句很簡單,didn't 站在動詞原形前,其它部分不要變。一般疑問句也好變,did放在句子前,主語、動詞原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑問句也簡單,疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。最后一條請注意,動詞過去式要牢記。
只要我們每節(jié)英語課開始時(shí)幾分鐘都用過去時(shí)問問昨天發(fā)生的事,學(xué)生就習(xí)慣用過去時(shí)來回答。老師把所用的動詞原形和過去式寫成兩列,中間用連接符號“—”連起如“have—had”,每次問答幾分鐘,每次用不同的動詞。日積月累,學(xué)生也就逐漸掌握動詞過去式的使用。