第一篇：介紹比較摩托車(chē)車(chē)架應(yīng)選擇什么樣的材料

介紹比較摩托車(chē)車(chē)架應(yīng)選擇什么樣的材料

對(duì)于摩托車(chē)車(chē)架來(lái)說(shuō)，通常由鋁、鋼或者合金焊接制作而成，碳素纖維僅僅用于一些特別昂貴或者定制車(chē)架。隨著摩托車(chē)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，車(chē)架材質(zhì)也不斷改進(jìn)，結(jié)構(gòu)越來(lái)越輕巧。目前，CFRP（碳素纖維增強(qiáng)塑料）已漸漸地成為賽車(chē)車(chē)架的主流。在不久的將來(lái)，合金也可能成為車(chē)架主要材料，不過(guò)車(chē)架材料和車(chē)架制作方法有很大關(guān)聯(lián)。對(duì)于越野自行車(chē)（山地車(chē)）來(lái)說(shuō)，已從鋼管逐步演變到鋁、鈦、碳纖維（即CFRP）。摩托車(chē)雖然有實(shí)驗(yàn)性的鈦合金和碳素纖維增強(qiáng)塑料車(chē)架，但到目前為止，在材料的應(yīng)用上還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于自行車(chē)和山地車(chē)。鋁是迄今為止最好的山地車(chē)車(chē)架材料，嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，在懸掛出現(xiàn)前，鈦因輕巧耐用和所具有的固有彈性（可以吸收山地長(zhǎng)途行駛中產(chǎn)生的震動(dòng)）而成為最好的車(chē)架材料，而鋼則是僅次于鈦的車(chē)架材料，其價(jià)格相對(duì)比較便宜，且具有和鈦一樣的固有彈性。如維護(hù)適當(dāng)?shù)脑?huà)，其使用壽命會(huì)很長(zhǎng)。隨著車(chē)架懸掛的出現(xiàn)，鈦和鋼本身固有彈性所具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)蕩然無(wú)存。懸掛所用的襯套和連接結(jié)構(gòu)只能使用最小的側(cè)力來(lái)作用，否則會(huì)引起車(chē)架的彎曲變形。如果希望懸掛效果完美，車(chē)架的剛性必須很好。也許你覺(jué)得增強(qiáng)車(chē)架剛性非常容易，給車(chē)架多加點(diǎn)材料就行了，這對(duì)鋁制車(chē)架來(lái)說(shuō)，多加材料是很好的方法；而對(duì)鋼車(chē)架來(lái)說(shuō)，增加材料會(huì)使其非常沉重；對(duì)鈦車(chē)架來(lái)說(shuō)，增加材料產(chǎn)生的效果比鋁車(chē)架要差，不過(guò)比鋼車(chē)架稍好。通常增強(qiáng)車(chē)架剛性需要很多艱辛的工作，而且車(chē)架不可能無(wú)限制地輕。對(duì)于越野車(chē)來(lái)說(shuō)，其可以選用上述任一種材料，整車(chē)的所有功率需要傳輸?shù)芥湕l上，這需要車(chē)架具有很好的剛性，而且整車(chē)需要保持較輕的重量，鋁便成為越野車(chē)最常用的車(chē)架材料，它很少會(huì)彎曲變形，但如果重量過(guò)輕的話(huà)，車(chē)架容易產(chǎn)生裂縫，這也表明多數(shù)鋁車(chē)架最終會(huì)失效，而且車(chē)架重量越輕，失效得越快。鋁的這種特性非常令人討厭，當(dāng)然，堅(jiān)毅的越野賽車(chē)手們不會(huì)因此而感到憂(yōu)慮，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，不僅希望知道到底什么樣的車(chē)架材料最好，而且他們也不想長(zhǎng)久使用同一輛舊山地車(chē)。對(duì)于整天進(jìn)行猛烈行駛的駕駛者來(lái)說(shuō)有許多選擇，在經(jīng)濟(jì)條件允許且不擔(dān)心維修的情況下，可以選擇使用具有懸掛結(jié)構(gòu)的鋁車(chē)架，但即使配置一個(gè)懸掛座墊桿，當(dāng)你站在腳蹬上行駛時(shí)，仍然很易被弄傷。當(dāng)然碳素纖維材料車(chē)架剛性很好且重量很輕，也可選擇使用。鋼則是長(zhǎng)途賽車(chē)的最佳選擇，憑其具有的固有彈性，較長(zhǎng)的使用壽命和低廉的價(jià)格，使其在所有材料里脫穎而出。對(duì)于跨越式行駛用車(chē)架來(lái)說(shuō)，強(qiáng)度則是一切，顯然碳素纖維很難讓人放心。由于重量并不是需要考慮的關(guān)鍵因素，因此也不必選用昂貴的鈦材料。在鋼和鋁中，鋼被更多地選用。在所有大公司成立后的3年左右時(shí)間內(nèi)，其用于產(chǎn)品制作的材料都是鋼，相比其它材料來(lái)說(shuō)，鋼也更易于組裝到一起。對(duì)于摩托車(chē)來(lái)說(shuō)，以往鋁制車(chē)架從懸抱車(chē)架開(kāi)始，到雙管車(chē)架成為主流，并一躍成為越野車(chē)車(chē)架的主流，鋁制車(chē)架首選量產(chǎn)的是日本的鈴木RG250。一直拘泥于延續(xù)懸抱車(chē)架的鈴木GSX-R75也最終演變成雙管車(chē)架。鋁制車(chē)架不同于具有較高強(qiáng)度和韌性的鋼管車(chē)架，在韌性和回復(fù)性方面表現(xiàn)銷(xiāo)差，但在重量和彈性上有較大的優(yōu)越性，故成為高性能越野車(chē)的基本型式。鋁制車(chē)的制作方法是將鋁板材料壓制成型，或?qū)嗝嬷瞥蓤A形、角狀或目字形，總之都是采取以彎曲管狀物的方式來(lái)制作車(chē)架。當(dāng)然，像本田的SPADA250鑄造車(chē)架 也無(wú)可厚非，其形狀也非常地單純。但像鳥(niǎo)籠一樣用許多小口徑管構(gòu)成的復(fù)雜設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)不流行了。杜卡迪L型雙缸仍持續(xù)致力于圓形切面的鋼管車(chē)架，并一直保持了摩托車(chē)的高性能。杜卡迪916絕美的鋼梁車(chē)架證明了鐵合金在現(xiàn)代仍是最先進(jìn)的科技，具有輕量和高韌性的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。鋼管車(chē)架中的多半是大斷面脊背車(chē)架以及雙懸抱車(chē)架。意大利BIMOTA（比莫塔）的DBONE輕量車(chē)架正是最佳代表作，車(chē)架本身的單體重量只有5kg，但它被撞扁的機(jī)率也隨之提高了許多，即在摔車(chē)或沖擊時(shí)，車(chē)架變形或彎曲的情況會(huì)比較嚴(yán)重，所以設(shè)計(jì)者必須具備有將傷害減到最低限度的能力。鋼、鋁、鈦等金屬車(chē)架都是將壓裝成形的各部分材料熔接而組成的，最新的潮流更傾向于將支撐座位、擋泥板等次要零件用螺栓來(lái)組合，將車(chē)架的主體和副體分開(kāi)來(lái)。如果主車(chē)架用鋁制，而副車(chē)架用鋼制，兩

者是無(wú)法直接焊接的。在主車(chē)架為鋁或鋼而副車(chē)架采用FRP或CFRP的無(wú)大梁式結(jié)構(gòu)（以座位蓋或側(cè)蓋來(lái)作為強(qiáng)度支撐面）的時(shí)候，也有采用螺栓來(lái)支撐的方式。當(dāng)然在不能相互焊接的金屬類(lèi)組合或金屬和塑膠的組合上，也可以采用接合的方式。如果摩托車(chē)的車(chē)架采用CFRP材料，又會(huì)是怎樣的情形呢？所謂碳素纖維增強(qiáng)塑料是指將碳纖維與塑膠混合，車(chē)架就按照其要制作的形狀將碳纖維加入塑膠糊中凝固。如此制作出來(lái)的量產(chǎn)車(chē)架，如果不是形狀單純的圓形斷面管，就很難辦了，就像量產(chǎn)釣魚(yú)桿或自行車(chē)，在有角度處用金屬把手來(lái)結(jié)合，以增大強(qiáng)度，但這種方法無(wú)法實(shí)行規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)。據(jù)報(bào)道，對(duì)自行車(chē)來(lái)說(shuō)，用力踩腳踏的時(shí)候，車(chē)架的柔軟度非常重要，而材質(zhì)的柔軟度排序依次為：鋼材最好，其次是碳素纖維增強(qiáng)塑料、鈦，最后是鋁。而鈦和碳素纖維增強(qiáng)塑料一直以來(lái)因具有較好的彈性而得到廣泛地應(yīng)用。鋁在柔軟度方面確實(shí)有待加強(qiáng)，直到現(xiàn)在，仍采用在雙管鋁制車(chē)架內(nèi)側(cè)開(kāi)洞或堵塞等方法來(lái)改善柔軟度。在道路賽車(chē)世界里，追求高速行駛所作的努力一直沒(méi)有停止過(guò)，例如對(duì)一邊硬踩著剎車(chē)，一邊進(jìn)入彎道的賽車(chē)手來(lái)說(shuō)，就用車(chē)頭周?chē)皵[動(dòng)旋軸等補(bǔ)強(qiáng)手法來(lái)彌補(bǔ)。如此一來(lái)，與其追求車(chē)架采用哪一種材質(zhì)，倒不如深入研究采用哪一種材質(zhì)補(bǔ)強(qiáng)最適合。（王春/文）

第二篇：比較教育學(xué)介紹

比較教育 ：

bǐ jiào jiào yù

研究不同國(guó)家、民族和地區(qū)的教育的學(xué)科。通過(guò)比較不同的教育制度，探討教育的共同特點(diǎn)、發(fā)展規(guī)律及其總的趨勢(shì)，并進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，以便根據(jù)本國(guó)的條件進(jìn)行取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短，為提高教育質(zhì)量服務(wù)。

一、比較教育的史前時(shí)代

比較教育的史前史，可以一直追溯到古希臘和古羅馬時(shí)代。當(dāng)不同國(guó)家的人們因旅行、貿(mào)易、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和傳教等活動(dòng)而互相往來(lái)時(shí)，就出現(xiàn)了教育與文化的交流。這種交流最初可能只是口頭傳遞，并逐漸發(fā)展到書(shū)面描述，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)各國(guó)教育的交流。美國(guó)比較教育學(xué)家諾亞和?？怂固狗Q(chēng)這一時(shí)期的教育比較為“旅行者見(jiàn)聞”。

到中世紀(jì)及其以后，由于人們跨國(guó)界的貿(mào)易、旅行、考察和外交活動(dòng)的擴(kuò)大，有關(guān)不同國(guó)家教育的描述、比較和評(píng)論也日益增多。13世紀(jì)中葉，意大利旅行家馬可·波羅(MarcoPolo，約1254～1324)隨其父親和叔叔訪(fǎng)問(wèn)東方一些國(guó)家，并在中國(guó)元朝供職達(dá)1．7年之久。他口述經(jīng)人記錄的《馬可·波羅游記》廣泛介紹了東方國(guó)家的文化、社會(huì)風(fēng)情和教育狀況。

由上可見(jiàn)，對(duì)于外國(guó)教育的比較研究，在古代就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始。

二、比較教育發(fā)展史上的“借鑒時(shí)代”

我們前面所說(shuō)的教育比較，都還沒(méi)有真正形成相對(duì)完整的理論和方法體系，嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)還不能看作教育學(xué)科體系中的一門(mén)學(xué)科，因而還不是真正的比較教育。直到19世紀(jì)，歐洲民族國(guó)家制度的興起和產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的爆發(fā)，促使歐美各國(guó)爭(zhēng)先恐后地推行富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵的政策。當(dāng)時(shí)人們相信把一個(gè)國(guó)家的教育制度移植到另一個(gè)國(guó)家是完全可行的，所以各國(guó)都積極向國(guó)外派遣專(zhuān)家，從教育先進(jìn)的國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以期為我所用，比較教育因此得以產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展起來(lái)。但這一時(shí)期的考察大多是表面化的、百科全書(shū)式的；往往忽視別國(guó)教育與當(dāng)?shù)赜?jì)會(huì)生活的聯(lián)系，忽視對(duì)別國(guó)的教育經(jīng)驗(yàn)在本國(guó)的可行性的深入討論。因此，人們也把這一時(shí)期稱(chēng)為“借鑒時(shí)代”。作為比較教育研究的第一階段——學(xué)科的倡導(dǎo)階段，方法上的特征是訪(fǎng)問(wèn)與借鑒。

借鑒時(shí)代作為比較教育發(fā)展的第一階段，它的開(kāi)始就是以1817年朱利安在巴黎《教育雜志》上連載發(fā)表《關(guān)于比較教育的工作綱要和初步意見(jiàn)》為標(biāo)志的，“比較教育”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)也是在這部書(shū)中首次被正式使用的。

借鑒時(shí)代的另幾位重要的比較教育學(xué)家是法國(guó)的庫(kù)森(VictorCousin，1792～1867)。1831年，身為外國(guó)教育情報(bào)調(diào)查人的庫(kù)森，受法國(guó)教育部長(zhǎng)之命考察普魯土的教育，并把考察結(jié)果寫(xiě)成了《關(guān)于普魯士公立教育情況的報(bào)告》，為法國(guó)政府制定初等教育制度的基本法——1933年的《基佐法案》(Loi de Guizot)提供了重要參考。美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州的教育督察長(zhǎng)霍拉斯·曼(HoraceMann，1796～1859)，1842年訪(fǎng)問(wèn)歐洲歸來(lái)，撰寫(xiě)了一本著名的《第七年報(bào)告》。這是一份對(duì)歐洲各國(guó)教育進(jìn)行了歷時(shí)6個(gè)月的考察以后提交出來(lái)的報(bào)告書(shū)。日本的文部大臣田中不二□考察歐美教育制度后，編寫(xiě)并整理了《理事功程》。

本階段比較教育研究的主要目的在于介紹外國(guó)教育經(jīng)驗(yàn)，作為改進(jìn)本國(guó)教育制度的借鑒。

三、比較教育發(fā)展史上的“因素分析時(shí)代”

20世紀(jì)上半葉是比較教育研究的第二階段，是比較教育學(xué)科的形成階段，方法上的特征是因素分析，也被稱(chēng)為因素分析時(shí)代。

要改革教育必須根據(jù)本國(guó)的具體情況，參照國(guó)際的教育經(jīng)驗(yàn)，作出正確的決策，因此，比較教育的研究重點(diǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)向分析決定各國(guó)教育制度的主要因素。比較教育在方法上一改過(guò)去那種孤立地研究和移植別國(guó)教育經(jīng)驗(yàn)的做法，開(kāi)始密切聯(lián)系各國(guó)的社會(huì)文化和民族特性等因

素來(lái)分析研究各國(guó)的教育。在比較教育史上一般把這一時(shí)期也稱(chēng)作“因素分析時(shí)代”。因素分析時(shí)代的開(kāi)端，是以1900年英國(guó)比較教育學(xué)家薩德勒(Michael Sadler，1861～1943)發(fā)表論文《我們從對(duì)別國(guó)教育制度的研究中究竟能學(xué)到什么有價(jià)值的東西？》為標(biāo)志的。

薩德勒是英國(guó)比較教育學(xué)家，撰寫(xiě)了28卷的《教育問(wèn)題專(zhuān)題報(bào)告》，自1897～1914年陸續(xù)發(fā)表。這些報(bào)告，詳細(xì)地描述了歐洲各國(guó)、美國(guó)以及英屬領(lǐng)地的教育狀況，分析了不同地區(qū)教育的社會(huì)文化背景，總結(jié)了教育經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并指出了教育發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。他認(rèn)為孤立地研究教育是不對(duì)的，必須重視教育的文化背景，研究決定教育制度的各種因素。他還提出民族特性這個(gè)概念來(lái)說(shuō)明教育的思想和實(shí)踐，并且強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的目的在于改進(jìn)本國(guó)的教育制度。薩德勒的比較教育觀(guān)點(diǎn)，對(duì)這個(gè)時(shí)期比較教育研究的方向，特別是康德?tīng)柕谋容^教育觀(guān)點(diǎn)，產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，為以歷史主義為主要特征的因素分析理論奠定了方向，標(biāo)志著比較教育的發(fā)展進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新階段。

美國(guó)比較教育學(xué)家康德?tīng)柹钍芩_德勒的影響，他的研究工作更加典型地反映丁因素分析時(shí)代比較教育的特點(diǎn)?？档?tīng)柕谋容^教育思想集中體現(xiàn)在他1933年出版的代表作《比較教育》(1954年出版的修訂本更名《教育的新時(shí)代：比較研究》)一書(shū)中?？档?tīng)柺潜容^教育史上第二個(gè)系統(tǒng)闡述理論與方法的學(xué)者，按照美國(guó)比較教育家卡扎米亞斯和馬西亞拉斯對(duì)康德?tīng)柕摹侗容^教育》論著的分析，得出工種主要目的。

第一，“報(bào)導(dǎo)－－描述”的目的。他向讀者提供各國(guó)教育制度的“情報(bào)”，并按問(wèn)題把事實(shí)加以分類(lèi)，例如分為教育制度、教育行政、中小學(xué)教育、中小學(xué)師資培訓(xùn)等。他認(rèn)為事實(shí)的報(bào)導(dǎo)是不夠的和有局限性的，但卻是比較研究過(guò)程中必要的一步。

第二，“歷史－－功能”的目的。按照康德?tīng)柕囊庖?jiàn)，比較教育不僅要描述事實(shí)，而且要說(shuō)明特征。他指出，不應(yīng)把教育作為孤立存在的事業(yè)來(lái)看待，它應(yīng)同國(guó)家背景，同社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化背景結(jié)合起來(lái)研究。

第三，“借鑒－－改善”的目的。康德?tīng)栂Ｍㄟ^(guò)考察外國(guó)和本國(guó)的教育制度，研究比較教育的學(xué)生能夠養(yǎng)成一種更可取的哲學(xué)態(tài)度，其終極目的是為了改進(jìn)本國(guó)的教育制度和培養(yǎng)對(duì)“民主”制度的忠誠(chéng)。

與康德?tīng)柾瑫r(shí)代的著名比較教育學(xué)家還有德國(guó)的施奈德（Friedrich Schneider，1881～1974)和英國(guó)的漢斯(NicholasHans，1888～1969)，他們的比較教育觀(guān)點(diǎn)基本一致。其中漢斯的思想更接近于康德?tīng)枴?947年，漢斯在英王學(xué)院任職期間撰寫(xiě)了《比較教育：教育的因素和傳統(tǒng)研究》一書(shū)，書(shū)中他根據(jù)影響人的發(fā)展的天資、社會(huì)和訓(xùn)練等因素，把一個(gè)民族的發(fā)展看做一個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)，認(rèn)為影響教育制度的決定性因素可分作三類(lèi)：自然因素(包括種族、語(yǔ)言、地理和經(jīng)濟(jì)等因素)、宗教因素(包括天主教傳統(tǒng)、圣公會(huì)傳統(tǒng)和清教傳統(tǒng)等因素)和世俗因素(包括人文主義、社會(huì)主義、民族主義、民主主義等因素)，并對(duì)每一種因素又做了進(jìn)一步的細(xì)致分析。在研究工作中，漢斯把因素分析法與歷史法緊密結(jié)合在一起，形成了自己獨(dú)特的研究方法。和康德?tīng)枴h斯一樣，施奈德也提倡并運(yùn)用因素分析的研究方法，但與前者強(qiáng)調(diào)注重教育以外的影響因素不同，施奈德在強(qiáng)調(diào)外部因素的同時(shí)，還特別強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的內(nèi)部因素在國(guó)民教育制度形成過(guò)程中的重要作用。他在1947年發(fā)表的《各國(guó)教育的動(dòng)力》一書(shū)中，指出了對(duì)教育有影響的國(guó)民性、地理位置、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科學(xué)、政治、宗教、外國(guó)影響等外部因素，還進(jìn)一步分析了教育發(fā)展的內(nèi)部動(dòng)力。他認(rèn)為，影響教育的內(nèi)部因素主要有兩個(gè)方面，一是教育的消極性和積極性、必然和自由、統(tǒng)一件和多樣性練兩極辯證法的相互作用；二是教育理論和教育實(shí)踐之間的辯證作用。

在本階段，比較教育學(xué)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始從教育學(xué)分化出來(lái)，成為教育科學(xué)中一門(mén)獨(dú)立的分支學(xué)科，比較教育研究取得了一定的進(jìn)展。但是從世界范圍來(lái)看，研究的規(guī)模還不夠廣泛，研究方法還比較單一，研究成果還不夠豐富。

第三篇：比較選擇類(lèi)作文

一、比較選擇類(lèi)作文

A Better Way to Get Information----Internet

It is said that the 21 century is the “century of information”.The ways for people to get information are varied.Between two main sources, internet and printed materials, I hold that internet is an obviously superior choice to printed books.My belief that internet is a better way to get information than printed books is based on the following two reasons.The first reason is that internet can provide us with information more conveniently.Just getting on the line, finding the right web-site and typing in the key words we want to search for, in several seconds, we can get thousands of pieces of relevant information.Sometimes, we can even get the exact message we want.But by reading books, we have to spend much time finding the right books, the right chapters, and then the right pages.The second reason for my preference for internet is that it can transmit the newest information much faster than printed materials.Internet can tell us what is happening throughout the world in few minutes.But if you want to get the same information in printed materials like newspapers or magazines, you have to wait until they are published.According to the above mentioned reasons, we can easily draw the conclusion that, compared with the printed materials, internet is for sure superior in conveying information.Which to Choose: to Further Study or to Find a Job?

A survey says that in recent years more students enter for postgraduate entrance examination.But many people argue against the tendency.They hold that to find a good job soon after graduation is more practical.Actually, different people have different opinions as to the question whether we should further study in graduate school or we should begin work, because both have their advantages and disadvantages.Many people appreciate the bright future a master’s degree may bring to them.Three years’ accumulation of knowledge is more likely to enable them to solve more challenging problems.And it is a fact that in many cases a graduate has more chances to get a promotion, and to have high salary than an undergraduate.But a promising job after college graduation is also attractive, especially when the job hunting competition becomes more and more fierce.A job in hand is worth two in the future.Another three years’ study means a delay but more heated competition with others later.However, both of them have their own problems.Academic study in graduate school may be difficult fir a freshman from college who has no practical experience, which may be also a problem when they search for a job three years later.Those without a master’s experience may come across many problems too, like special knowledge inefficiency, and research ability inadequacy.As far as I am concerned, I want to be more knowledgeable and capable through postgraduate study.So , given me the chance, I would choose to further study in graduate school.二、意義、重要性、危害性說(shuō)明類(lèi)作文

A Major Advantage of Advertising on TV

Some people complain abut the interference of TV adds in their enjoying excellent performances.Many others even turn to other channels when TV ads are released.They believe that TV ads mislead customers especially youngsters to have unreasonable consuming concepts.In spite of such hostile attitudes, we must admit that TV advertising is beneficial to us in various ways.The major advantage is to promote consumption.TV advertising promotes consumption for, firstly, it is an efficient way for manufacturers to publicize their products.TV is a medium, through which information can be spread quickly, vividly, and in a large scale.When WaHaHa, a kind of children’s drink, is released on TV, the song is imitated by children all over the nation nearly overnight.Along with its release the sales of the drink increases greatly.Without TV adds, a product would get a longer time to be acknowledged by a limited number of people.TV advertising promotes consumption for, secondly, it provides a good way for consumers to learn the products.This is a time when information is too excessive to be processed.Without TV adds, customers will spend large quantity of time looking for goods they want, and choosing from the alternatives.TV adds give them much information about products, the manufacturers, the places they can purchase or enjoy, and the possible effects.From the above reasoning, we can easily see the consumption promoting function of TV adds.We hope that TV ad agencies will give us more colorful and more trustworthy advertisements.The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

Competition is one of the traits of this society.Heated competition in career and education has exerted great pressure on people, which brings about many physical illness and mental problems.In my opinion, a good mood is critically important for us under whatever situations.The importance can be show in the follow two aspects.For one thing, a good mood is beneficial to our health, both physically and mentally.People who are always gloomy, according to the Chinese traditional medicine, have more chance to suffer from physical illness such as kidney pains.On the contrary, keeping a good mood ,we can make ourselves relaxed and therefore can keep calm and optimistic in difficulties.Therefore , a good mood keeps doctors(including mental healing)away.For another, with a good, we are likely to work efficiently.The reason is that in a good mood we are more willing to cooperate with others, and are more willing to listen to others’ advice.With such relaxation, it is easy for all the people to cooperate to figure out solutions to the problems.Therefore it is not exaggerating to say that keeping a good mood is the precondition of working efficiency.From the reason we have presented above, we can surely come to the conclusion that keeping a good mood, we will be healthier, and in a good mood ,we are more likely to succeed in our career.Being Indulged in Computer Games Is Harmful

An excellent college student flunked because he could not concentrate on the study for being too indulged in computer games.He spent nearly all the money on games, which was earned by his father’s selling blood.When his father knelt down to beg him to return school, he was too much to show any regret.When computers’ entertaining function is highly spoken of, such a problem does deserve our serious concern.The most serious harm of computer games comes from their contents, which affect children’s mental health.Many games involve violence, such as fighting killing.To win or kill their opponents, children are permitted to use all various turn of mind is developed and rooted in them, which may induce future violent behaviors in their real life.Being indulged in computer games also does harm to children’s health.The computer can arouse many uncomfortable feeling , like a headache , poor eye sight and even losing hair.Being lack of sleep and dinner, children are more likely to get irritable and suffer from severe malnutrition.Of course, it is not the end of the story.Being indulged in computer games also affect children’s study, and their communication with others.All these facts show that it is time for us to manage computer games by the whole society.三，觀(guān)點(diǎn)論證類(lèi)作文

My View on Man-Made Beauty

The Chinese traditional saying “Close make a person” reflects the importance of “appearance”.nowadays such a belief has its new content.Many people, especially young girls or ladies, are not content.with getting more beautiful by clothes.They turn to a more challenging practice of physiological reform to make them man-made beauties.I don’t think this practice should be advocated.The desire for beautiful appearance is one of human nature.The operations may really mean something to some people.At last they turn more beautiful.But a coin has two side, and so does the man-made beauty practice for two following reasons.Firstly, one’s appearance is the God’s blessing, and has been one part of our life.The reform of the original physiological structure may bring great harm to our body.After breast enlargement surgery ,many women look sexier than before.However many of them are found mammary gland disease.The more serious effect is that they risk being unable to breast feed.Secondly, the advocating for such a practice will mislead people in the judgment of true beauty.The concept of beauty is quite rich in its content.I should include many virtues like honesty, diligence, etc, which should be the real mainstream of our spiritual life.The practice and some contest about man-made beauty will confuse those who are to develop correct concept of beauty.Concerning the above possible harms the practice may bring about, we are strongly against it and advocate seeking true and natural beauty.四，現(xiàn)象解釋類(lèi)作文

Why do College Student Have Difficulty in Finding Jobs?

In recent years college graduates are facing greater challenge in job markets.To avoid such an embarrassment, many students even choose to further their study to wait for another there years for a possible job opportunity.The reasons for the employment difficulties lie in the following three aspects.Firstly, the enlarged college enrollment supplies more than enough graduates with a certain specialty.There has been an overabundance of executive secretaries, lawyers, etc.therefore in the contest for a single position by tens of hundreds of graduate, most will suffer the failure.Secondly, job-finding difficulty also comes from the curricula design of many colleges.They have not adjusted their majors and subjects to meet the demand of modern society, so that students can’t find a position in the market to apply their knowledge in practice.Thirdly, I believe the difficulty also come from graduate themselves.The job demand are quite unbalanced between developed areas and underdeveloped areas.A large number of graduate would rather stay jobless in big cities than take position in small or underdeveloped cities.Taking all these reasons into account, we’d like to suggest that the should have a micromanagement in college enrollment and major design, and students have a bboader and more reasonable vivd about caReer.五，提出建議，解決問(wèn)題類(lèi)作文。

The Best Way to Stay Healthy

In such a quick fixed soci%ty, peopld have to bear burdens from education, work and families.Therefore it is necessary for them to attach more importance to their health.As to the best way to keep healthy, some people insist on a balanced diet, and some others argue for physical exercise.I agree with the latter.My suggestion of sports as the best way to stay healthy lies in the following reasons.Firstly, doing sports can keep you fit, for it helps you burn your excessive fat, which is much safer than any wonder drug, miracle diet or liposuction to lose weight.Secondly, doing sports can contribute a lot to patient’s recovery.However severe one’s illness may be, the process of exercise can more or less do good to him or her, for it can speed up the rate of blood circulation, can help him or her to inhale more fresh air.In this way exercise can quicken the process of recovery.Thirdly, by doing sports you can get your brain refreshed, which is vital importance to the people working at office and student in intensive study.The benefits of sports are than I have listed.Doing sports will make us fit, strong, and in good working condition, namely, it helps us stay healthy.◆ 說(shuō)明文，顧名思義，是用來(lái)說(shuō)明，解釋并闡述某一客觀(guān)事物得特點(diǎn)，性質(zhì)，原理，發(fā)展過(guò)程及揭示其客觀(guān)事物本質(zhì)的一種文體。說(shuō)明文的目的在于給讀者提供關(guān)于某一客觀(guān)事物的信息，使讀者對(duì)這一客觀(guān)事物能有所認(rèn)識(shí)，或是其原有的認(rèn)識(shí)更新穎、更清楚、更完整。說(shuō)明文一般用來(lái)解釋或闡述某事物，比如機(jī)器的操作過(guò)程和工作原理，事物發(fā)展過(guò)程、自然現(xiàn)象或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的原因、項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃、解決問(wèn)題的方法等。

◆ 議論文, 顧名思義，是用來(lái)對(duì)某事物的現(xiàn)象、問(wèn)題等進(jìn)行邏輯分析和論證，從而表明作者對(duì)這種事物所持的觀(guān)點(diǎn)、看法、立場(chǎng)以及見(jiàn)解的一種文體。議論文的目的在于表達(dá)作者的看法、立場(chǎng)、觀(guān)點(diǎn)和見(jiàn)解，并通過(guò)合力的客觀(guān)邏輯分析及主觀(guān)感性的勸說(shuō)，讓讀者同意或接受作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，或?qū)ψx者原有的觀(guān)點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生偏向性影響。比如，說(shuō)服讀者贊同一項(xiàng)政策或參與某種行動(dòng)。政策演講，新聞社論，倡議書(shū)等都屬于議論文的范疇?！?比較:從上面兩種文體的概念和寫(xiě)作目的可以看出說(shuō)明文和議論文的共同點(diǎn)是，兩者均圍繞著某一事物或問(wèn)題展開(kāi)論說(shuō)，各有說(shuō)理的部分，使讀者對(duì)所寫(xiě)的事物有所認(rèn)識(shí)，所以?xún)煞N文體的界線(xiàn)不易劃分清楚；具體寫(xiě)作時(shí)，兩者之間會(huì)相互滲透，因此，又將兩種文體稱(chēng)為論說(shuō)文。從兩種文體的寫(xiě)作目的看，兩者還是有一定的區(qū)別：

A． 說(shuō)明文的目的是提供信息，而議論文的目的是說(shuō)服； B． 說(shuō)明文基本上就事論事，不帶個(gè)人感情色彩，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)闡述事理使讀者對(duì)所寫(xiě)事物認(rèn)識(shí)識(shí)更新穎、更清楚、更深刻；

C． 議論文寫(xiě)作時(shí)要求論點(diǎn)鮮明準(zhǔn)確，論據(jù)充分有力，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)合理的客觀(guān)邏輯分析和主觀(guān)感情的勸說(shuō)，即在客觀(guān)上以理服人，在主觀(guān)上以情動(dòng)人，通過(guò)論證來(lái)影響或改變讀者的思想和行動(dòng)。

Topics: Exposition I.Illustration: 1.College Students’ Everyday Expenses are High 2.Changes in My Home Town or Beijing in the Last Ten Years 3.Life on Campus Is Interesting(or Monotonous)4.There Is a Generation Gap 5.Sunday Is the busiest Day of the Week to Me or to Many Chinese 6.What the Service Trades Can Do for Us

The Advantages of Temporary Jobs

Several years ago, people were often a little surprised when they heard that a college student was doing a part-time or a temporary job.“ Why? Maybe he is short of money,” they thought.Nowadays, lots of college students are working as tutors.Some serve as tour guides or do whatever work they can find during vacations.In big cities, students often put up advertisements on bulletin boards or wire poles near bus stops.Are they all short of money? Perhaps not.“By doing part-time jobs, we have broadened our vision and gained some experience,” those who do temporary jobs often say.Since most students enter college as soon as they finish middle school, they lack experience in the ways of society.When they graduate from college, they often find the outside world is not as simple as they thought and have difficulty in adjusting themselves to reality.Many students find doing temporary jobs is a good way to solve the problem.While working, they learn how to deal with different kinds of people and situations.Gradually, they increase their knowledge and deepen their understanding of society.One of my classmates taught English to senior middle school students in his hometown during the last vacation.The first difficulty he met with was to find a classroom.His request of using a classroom in a middle school was turned down.However, he did not lose heart and tried hard to find some other place.Later, with the help of a former teacher of his, he succeeded.Temporary jobs can also help students improve their academic studies.My own experience is an example.During the last winter vacation, a friend asked me to help him improve his ability to understand spoken English.When I saw the teaching material, I felt a little frightened.For it was something like TOEFL, and I had not had any practical experience with it.However, I accepted the job.Every time before teaching him, I would listen to the tape again and again in order to get everything clear.It was time-consuming and troublesome.But later I found my own listening comprehension improved too.If one works as a tutor, he ought to understand everything in the texts he is teaching, or he may not be able to answer the student’s questions.If one serves as a tour guide, he should know something about places of historic interest and scenic beauty.Whatever job it may be, one has to learn in order to be qualified.Part-time jobs can also provide students with pocket money.Nowadays, the expenses of college students are high.They spend 60 to 70 yuan per month on the average.Girl students like to have some fashionable clothes, while boy students want good sneakers and T-shirts.The pay for temporary jobs can help cover the expenses.Besides, doing temporary jobs makes students feel self-reliant.“I feel rather ashamed every time I receive money from home.I’m no longer a child, yet I still have to be supported by my parents” — such words are often heard on campus.Young people talk a lot about independence.They are aware if one is not economically independent, one cannot enjoy true independence.Recently, a report in China Youth said that about one fifth of the country’s college students have done or are doing temporary jobs, and as the economic reform is going on, the number is increasing.Today, when people hear that a student is doing a temporary job, they no longer think he must be short of money, but look at him with approval.II.Division and classification: 1.2.3.4.Youth of the 1990s Qualifications for a Good Teacher or Student My Requirements for a Friend Ways of Spending One’s Spare Time 5.Kinds of Second Jobs 6.Different Attitudes Toward Work, Life, Death, or Illness

What We Want from Sports

Students in our school have one thing in common — an interest in sports.According to their different intentions in taking part in sports, they fall into three groups.Many students go to the playground when they feel tired after a few hours of study.These students put much more stress on their study efficiency than the fun of sports.They just want to go back to their classrooms from the playground with a clearer and quicker mind.Thus they don’t actually care whether they can enjoy themselves on the playground.Most of them choose long-distance running, the kind of exercise which few real sports enthusiasts like.So this group of students can be well labeled as study-oriented participants.Students that make up the second group are real sports lovers.Sometimes they even put aside their studies for a match.They take part in the sport that interests them most, not caring whether it is most beneficial to their health.They may be called fun-oriented sports participants.The third group want beauty from sports.Boys want to become strong;girls want to be slim and graceful.Those who consider sports the only way of reducing weight also belong to this group.They are very careful in choosing the kind of exercise they do, and are afraid that certain sports may ruin their figures.Horizontal bars and parallel bars are the boys’ choice, and the hula hoop is now the girls’ favorite.The appropriate name for this group may be beauty-oriented sports participants.No matter which group we belong to, we all benefit from sports.If you look around the campus, you will find that bookworms have disappeared, and, instead, there are healthy, strong, clever, modernized students everywhere.III.Comparison and contrast 1.Life in Middle School and College 2.Chinese and Foreign Teachers 3.Youth of the 1990s and Youth of the 1950s 4.Traveling by Train and by Plane 5.Chinese and Western Medicine or Food

Eating and Reading

As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of my mind, they are in a way quite similar.To keep ourselves alive, we need all kinds of nutrition.Eating is the most important way by which we can get starch, protein, vitamin, sugar, fat, and some trace elements.On the other hand, we eat not only because we have to do so, but also because we enjoy doing so.Having satisfied our hunger, eating can then be a kind of enjoyment.The color, the smell, and the taste of the food are considered as important as its nutritive value.Very often we eat some food not because it is nourishing but simply because we like it.This partiality for certain food will not affect our health, so long as we do not indulge heavily in it.There are many people, however, who do not eat the food they dislike and consequently suffer from malnutrition.So, for the sake of health, we have to eat some food even though we may not like it.Similarly, to enrich our minds, we need information and knowledge, which can be obtained through reading.Reading is one of the most important ways of learning.Without reading our minds will become empty like that of an animal.Sometimes, we take reading as a pastime, and we relax and learn at the same time.Since recreation is involved, we will naturally have a partiality for some particular kinds of books, just as we do for certain kinds of food.It is all right if we read more books on history than books on literature.But suppose we focus on one subject only and pay no attention to anything else, we will face the problem of imbalance.Nutrition for our minds should be as comprehensive as the nutrition for our bodies.An educated person is a person who knows a lot of things about something and something about a lot of things.One’s mind needs all kinds of nourishment, whether they are to one’s liking or not.Besides, there are other similarities between eating and reading.We should not eat too much without digesting and assimilating, nor should we read too much without understanding.While we are eating, we should leave out the rotten part of the food which will do harm to our health;and while we are reading, we should be able to reject the poisonous content in a book, if any, for it will poison our minds.So, eat sensibly and read sensibly to give yourself a strong body and a healthy mind.IV.1.2.3.Cause and Effect Why Some Students Make Better Progress than Others Why People Want to learn a Foreign Language Why Many Young Men Do Not Want to Marry Capable Young Women 4.Job Discrimination Against Women in China 5.Causes and Effects of Divorce in China

Being Short

Being short is something that cannot be helped.One cannot choose one’s appearance;it is already decided at the time when one is born.And it happens that one’s parents are both short, it is inevitable that one will remain short all his life, whether he likes it or not.Being short is a lifelong pity.Almost everyone wants to look beautiful and to be moderately tall.For me, it has always been a bad time during medical examinations when I have to stand on that terrible scale and have my height measured and recorded.Year after year, the figure seems to remain the same.Although now I have more or less reconciled to this unchanging fact, I just cannot help feeling regretful at times.How nice it would be if only I could be just an inch taller.Being short is a “handicap” and this is something that I hate most.During military training, I stood at the end of the line, because I was considered the shortest.And if they did not want too many students to march in a review, they always discarded the shortest, never the tallest.Though I do not really mind a great deal about joining in a review, I just do not feel good.I used to attend a volleyball training class, and every time we needed to separate into teams to play a match, the coach would say,“ You twelve shorter ones go there, and you twelve taller ones come here, please.”It sometimes makes me furious about being treated so unfairly.Short as I am, I am not a poor player and should be reckoned with.Being short is being inferior.Every day I live among people who are mostly taller than I am.Whether it is out of friendliness or whatever, very often, they pat me on the head, or throw one of their arms conveniently over my shoulder, and look down at me, while I have to look up at them.These gestures might not be ill intended, but I feel that these people are taking advantage of my shortness, and want to show they are superior to me.Being short is an impetus.When we, the short, have to live with these day-to-day disadvantages — the pity, the handicap, and the inferiority, we turn to other things to get self-confidence.We work industriously against prejudices to tell people that we are by no means inferior or handicapped.V.Definition 1.Materialism 2.Individualism 3.Happiness 4.Freedom 5.Values 6.Project Hope

The Red, Yellow, and White Roads

On reading the title, you may feel quite puzzled.“ What does it mean?” you may ask.To be frank with you, when a friend used this phrase, I was also at a loss what make of it until she explained it to me.“The red, yellow, and white roads”is a popular phrase among senior students in Chinese colleges.In their last year in college, students begin to consider their future jobs.It is time for them to decide whether they will be officials, businessmen, or intellectuals.Of course, different people make different choices.These choices, by and large, are generalized as the “red”, “yellow”, and “white” roads.The red road is considered to be the most promising one.Red in China is the color which has some connection with communism.The one who chooses to follow this road will, first of all, join the Communist Party.A diploma and a Party card will make it much easier for him than one without the two things to be promoted, first as section chief, and then as head of a department.Gradually, he will climb up the social ladder.The red road seems to provide a good chance for one to achieve his political goal.The second one is the yellow road.Yellow may remind us of gold.To be well-to-do is the goal.How does one achieve it? Positions in joint ventures run by China and some foreign countries are the most desirable for people who have chosen this road.Though they may have to work hard, they get good pay.Aside from that, those graduates who know foreign languages may have more opportunities to go abroad than people working elsewhere.On the whole, this is a profitable road.Lastly comes the white road.The color is not so delightful as the first two.People who choose this road will work very hard so as to become graduate students, and to be successful in the world of knowledge.It is an arduous road without much concrete and immediate benefits.Just like the color itself, the road is very clean and pure.The three roads reflect some characteristics of our society and show, in a way, what young people are thinking and dreaming of.It is good to know that young people are very practical now.But it is also rather disappointing to find that knowledge which is vital to our modernization is placed last.People are so obsessed by power and money that knowledge is devaluated.Argumentation ? Requirements for argumentation: 1)a debatable point 2)sufficient evidence 3)good logic: Inductive reasoning;deductive reasoning 4)clear logic 5)good use of the other three types of writing 6)an honest and friendly attitude 1.Everyone Should Be Given an Opportunity to Study in College 2.Wealth or Power Is a Sign of Success 3.Clothes Make a Man or Cosmetics Make a Woman 4.People’s Worth Are Shown in the Reward They Earn 5.Opportunity, Diligence, Perseverance or Resolution Is the Key to Success 6.Life Can Be Happy and Meaningful

The Three Gorges Project Is Beneficial

The Three Gorges lie in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.After years of investigation and research, many scientists and engineers have suggested that to control the floods brought by the Yangtze River to its lower reaches, a large dam should be built there.But many scientists and engineers disagree.Thus a heated debate has begun as to whether the project is beneficial.I am in favor of the project and believe that it will have more advantages than disadvantages.Those who are against the project argue that the project will bring about serious consequences.The Three Gorges are among the most beautiful and famous places in China.Here the tourists see not only the natural scenery, but also a lot of ancient cultural relics, which are of great historical value.Many of those places of interest will be submerged when the dam retains water at the normal level(175m).The project will affect the ecological environment of the Yangtze River.Some rare species of aquatic animals are faced with the danger of extinction.Moreover, the river-bed will be worsened.More seriously, when the dam begins to retain water, there may be earthquakes and landslips in the Three Gorges area.The Persian Gulf War gave rise to another doubt: if there should be a war and the Three Gorges Dam destroyed, the consequence would be ghastly.In short, the risks of the project may be too great for it to be beneficial.Their worries and warnings are well justified.But we should not give up eating for fear of choking.First of all, the feasibility of the project has been thoroughly examined.A new feasibility report by hundreds of experts has been submitted to the government.In the report, all the harmful effects have been taken into consideration and appropriate measures suggested.For example, to solve the problem of earthquakes and landslips that may be caused by the project, monitoring and forecasting will have to be stressed.The success of the Gezhou Dam which has stood the test of many great floods proves that our technology of water conservancy is up to the mark and able to withstand the stiffest test of natural disasters.It is estimated that once the Three Gorges Project is completed, the loss in agriculture caused by floods will be reduced by six to eight hundred million yuan each year;if there is a catastrophic flood, the loss will be reduced by twenty billion yuan.More importantly, the project will protect the lives of three hundred and fifty million people living in the plain east of the dam.The hydropower station on the dam will have a generating capacity ranking first in the world, five times that of Gezhou Dam.That means each year fifty million tons of coal will be saved.The electronic power it will produce will greatly push the development of industry in our country.The project will improve the transportation of the Yangtze River.Those dangerous shoals and rapids in the gorges today will disappear.The river in the dam area will be broadened.As a result, giant vessels will be able to sail straight from Shanghai to Chongqing.This is of vital importance to the economic development of Sichuan Province.It is clear that the Three Gorges Project will be beneficial to the country.Everything has its advantages and disadvantages.Since the project will bring more benefits than losses, it is worthwhile to take some risks.Life Can Be Happy and Meaningful

Not long ago, a poll was conducted among students in a middle school.They were asked to make a choice between these sentences — “No one can be happy”, and “One can be happy.” Shockingly enough, about 20 percent of the students agreed to the first statement.When I asked some of my friends for their opinions, most of them thought the former statement was true.When asked for explanations, they said, “Frankly speaking, life is bitter and meaningless.But to live on, we’d better say to ourselves that there is happiness in life.”

I have been thinking of this opinion ever since.The more I think, the more I am convinced that if we have a right attitude towards life, our lives can surely be happy and meaningful.It is true that all people have some bitter experiences.But it is through overcoming hardships that our happiness emerges.Many people admire Madam Curie, and say with a sigh, “If I could live like her, I would be the happiest person in the world.” But if we take a close look at her life, we will find her happiness is closely connected with her misfortunes.First of all, she did not have a happy childhood.When she was in France, she studies twice as hard as others but lived a poor and simple life.In her research work, she had to sit up late night after night.She experienced many losses, too — she lost her beloved father, her dear husband, and later her eyesight.But she never complained and never stopped working for the benefit of mankind.That is why her life was happy and meaningful.She fought against life’s bitterness and difficulties and conquered them all.Some people complain that their work is insignificant and thus their lives are meaningless.But what kind of work is significant? Workers, peasants, teachers, and scientists, they are all working for the welfare of mankind, themselves included.That is where the meaning of life lies.But some people seem to think little of such a life.Once a friend of mine told me he felt very wretched for having to work as a teacher.“Our lives can be compared to candles.While giving light to others, we ourselves are burning out.Our students may become famous one day, but what will become of us? We shall only remain what we are — fameless and wealthless.” Paradoxically, I would rather think he was giving a vivid description of nobleness of a teacher.If I can live the life of a teacher, to contribute the only thing I own — my knowledge — to the upbringing of young people, I will be very happy, because I am useful to others.Different people may think of differently.But of one thing I am certain: happiness never favors those who merely care about themselves, and the meaning of life cannot be understood by those who refuse to sacrifice anything for others.便條的寫(xiě)作

書(shū)信由7個(gè)部分組成：

1.發(fā)信人信息（地址、郵編和寫(xiě)信時(shí)間）2.收信人地址

3.對(duì)收信人的稱(chēng)呼（后面的標(biāo)點(diǎn)一般用逗號(hào)）4.正文 5.結(jié)尾客套語(yǔ)(后一定有逗號(hào))6.簽名(后面一定不能有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào))7.職務(wù)名稱(chēng)(如果寫(xiě)信不是以集體的名義寫(xiě)的,這部分則不要)便條則相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,僅僅由時(shí)間、對(duì)方稱(chēng)呼、正文、結(jié)尾客套語(yǔ)和簽名組成，當(dāng)然如果便條是以集體的名義寫(xiě)的，則要添加職務(wù)名稱(chēng)。

邀請(qǐng)、約會(huì)便條

Dear Professor Ma，F(xiàn)eb.11 We would be very grateful if you could give us a talk on “the Skills for TeM-4 Writing” on this coming Friday, 3p.m.to 5p.m...If this subject does not suit you or that time is not convenient for you, any other similar topic and time would also be welcome.If you have any decision, call me at the cellphone number, 131X.Thank you.Respectfully yours，Mei Ying

Chairman of Students’ Union

July 15 Dear Professor Smith, These days I am very gloomy, because I meet many troubles in my thesis writing.I do not know how to define some key words of my study.So I am wondering whether you can give me some instruction.If it does not trouble you too much, shall we meet at your office this Friday morning and give me a call at 130x? Thank you.Sincerely yours, Wang Ling

抱怨、投訴便條

July 15 Dear Sir or Madam，I’m writing to bring your attention to a problem I’ve had with information availability with your product.I have been trying to get a person on the phone, but I filed by trying several departments.I hope you will address this problem to my satisfaction, or I will never do business with you again.I expect to hear from you soon.My telephone number is 0751X.Thank you.John Smith

Jun.15 Dear Sir or Madam, I’m writing to bring you attention to the noise from your construction site.It is time for many high school students to prepare for their college entrance examination.But your noisy working always lasts till midnight, which has disturbed their study and interfered in their normal rest.Therefore, it would be very considerate of you to stop working before 10 o’clock at least in these 10 days.Heartfelt thanks.Sincerely yours，John Smith

Chairman of Qingya Residential committee 道歉便條

Mar.1 Dear Professor Liu, I’m sorry I couldn’t make 2 o’clock appointment.There is to be an urgent conference in my department this afternoon and I have to make some preparation for it.Could we meet at 3 o’clock on this Friday afternoon? If that is not convenient for you, please leave me a note in my mailbox.With many apologies.Sincerely yours, Pan Yang

Mar.15 Dear Lucy, I’m terribly sorry for not being able to return you the book you lent me several months ago.You see, I’m writing my thesis paper, and this book is one of my important references.If it is possible, I want to keep it for another month.If not, I’ll return it soon.Many apologies and thanks again.Yours, John

祝賀便條

Mar.5, 2005 Dear Martin, I’m so pleased to hear that you’ve got the scholarship to the University of Columbia.Congratulations on your success.You really deserve it because you are such an intelligent and hardworking student.I’ve never doubted your ability to achieve great aims.You will have a brilliant future, and I wish you all the best in your life and academic studies in the USA.Yours, Ann

致謝便條

Jun.15 Dear Peter, I’m writing to show my gratitude for your invitation to your birthday party.That was a really wonderful party.I appreciate your considerate arrangement and wonderful performances you had prepared.And it also offered me a chance to meet many old friends.I really enjoyed that night and do hope you will have a wonderful life.Yours, Helen

留便條

Mar.15 Dear Mr.Zhang, A Mr.Lin Min who recently arrived from Beijing called you this morning when you were out.He said he wished to see you, for he had something important to consult with you.You’re requested to ring him up at any time this evening from 8 p.m.to 10 p.m.at 500-5566.Yours，Zhang Wei

通知、海報(bào)

Notice

May 18, 2005 Dear schoolmates, To improve our English, an English evening is going to be held by the Students’ Union of English department at the Students’ Center from 7 p.m.to 9 p.m.this Saturday.You can enjoy short plays, English songs and poems at evening.Many foreign friends will be invited to the evening and they will offer us wonderful performances.All the teachers and students are welcome to attend the English evening.Come and enjoy the evening.Students’ Union

Football Match

English 0401 vs.Chinese 0402 Time: 3 p.m., Dec.10, 2005 Place: The University Stadium Please contact the Physical culture and Sport commission.Tickets are limited.Fans should be quick.The Physical culture and sport commission

November 8, 2005

第四篇：濟(jì)南輕騎鈴木摩托車(chē)有限公司介紹

濟(jì)南輕騎鈴木摩托車(chē)有限公司

公司名稱(chēng)：濟(jì)南輕騎鈴木摩托車(chē)有限公司 公司地址：濟(jì)南高新技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)東部新區(qū) 創(chuàng)立時(shí)間：1994年7月29日 投產(chǎn)時(shí)間：1996年7月10日

生產(chǎn)規(guī)模：現(xiàn)已成為摩托車(chē)年生產(chǎn)能力超過(guò)50萬(wàn)輛，年產(chǎn)值超過(guò)20億元，年利稅過(guò)5億元的大型專(zhuān)業(yè)摩托車(chē)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)。投 資 方：中國(guó)南方工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司：中央直屬的特大型企業(yè)集團(tuán)，擁有特種裝備、汽車(chē)、摩托車(chē)、汽車(chē)零部件、光電等五大產(chǎn)業(yè)板塊，主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)收入與資產(chǎn)規(guī)模突破1000億元。

日本鈴木株式會(huì)社：以輕型四輪車(chē)著稱(chēng)世界，日本四大摩托車(chē)廠(chǎng)家之一

公司方針：以讓用戶(hù)更滿(mǎn)意為目標(biāo)，創(chuàng)造更有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品

上下同欲，建設(shè)光明的公司

敬業(yè)、認(rèn)真、勤奮、干勁、不斷向上 經(jīng)營(yíng)宗旨：站在消費(fèi)者立場(chǎng)上，奉獻(xiàn)有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品

質(zhì)量方針：制造贏得用戶(hù)滿(mǎn)意、有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品，創(chuàng)建一流服務(wù)體制

環(huán)境方針：關(guān)愛(ài)環(huán)境 清潔生產(chǎn)

遵法守紀(jì) 預(yù)防污染

健全體制 持續(xù)改進(jìn)

保護(hù)家園 貢獻(xiàn)人類(lèi)

多年的市場(chǎng)沉淀配合日趨完善的公司管理，使輕騎鈴木開(kāi)始進(jìn)入高速發(fā)展時(shí)期。產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)量的快速突破，市場(chǎng)規(guī)模的成倍擴(kuò)張，一個(gè)迅速崛起并潛力無(wú)限的輕騎鈴木開(kāi)始爆發(fā)出蓬勃的力量，令行業(yè)矚目。

摩托車(chē)行業(yè)新技術(shù)、新工藝日新月異，市場(chǎng)前沿資訊嬗變、變幻莫測(cè)，“自信而激情奔放、務(wù)實(shí)而胸懷理想”的輕騎鈴木人依靠對(duì)行業(yè)政策的迅速應(yīng)對(duì)、對(duì)市場(chǎng)前瞻的精準(zhǔn)把握，依靠鈴木模式高效協(xié)調(diào)的管理機(jī)制、與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的運(yùn)營(yíng)體系，著力打造品牌、產(chǎn)品、技術(shù)、服務(wù)的企業(yè)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，不斷規(guī)劃和開(kāi)辟出新的事業(yè)平臺(tái)，聚集所有有效力量，健全更能實(shí)現(xiàn)巨大飛躍的高效體制。濟(jì)南輕騎鈴木摩托車(chē)有限公司，正逐步成長(zhǎng)為一家令人信賴(lài)的優(yōu)良的摩托車(chē)企業(yè)。

濟(jì)南輕騎鈴木摩托車(chē)有限公司的發(fā)展壯大離不開(kāi)多年來(lái)一直關(guān)心、支持和幫助輕騎鈴木的各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和各界人士。諄諄關(guān)懷如春暖大地，潤(rùn)物無(wú)語(yǔ)，方成就輕騎鈴木成為今日行業(yè)內(nèi)最具成長(zhǎng)性最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的摩托車(chē)企業(yè)之一。

“航道已經(jīng)打通，號(hào)角已經(jīng)吹響，風(fēng)帆已經(jīng)揚(yáng)起，輕騎鈴木以更高昂的斗志和更快的速度開(kāi)始新的航程?！?/p>

---總經(jīng)理致辭---

全國(guó)的廣大用戶(hù)朋友們、摩托車(chē)的車(chē)迷朋友們：

大家好！非常感謝長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)對(duì)敝公司產(chǎn)品的青睞，我代表公司全體員工向大家致以最真誠(chéng)的謝意！

敝公司始終恪守“創(chuàng)造有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品”這一宗旨，致力于向大家提供值得信賴(lài)的鈴木牌摩托車(chē)。而且，我們每時(shí)每刻都站在消費(fèi)者的立場(chǎng)上，自我反省什么是真正的有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品。

我認(rèn)為可以從以下幾個(gè)方面闡釋什么是有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品：

·值得信賴(lài)的、高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品。

·性?xún)r(jià)比高的產(chǎn)品（不僅僅局限于購(gòu)買(mǎi)時(shí)的價(jià)格，還包括購(gòu)買(mǎi)之后的油耗費(fèi)用和維修費(fèi)用）。

·由于擁有而帶來(lái)喜悅及滿(mǎn)足感、自豪感的產(chǎn)品。

為了能夠制造出這樣的摩托車(chē)，我們努力不懈，我們的產(chǎn)品也正在一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地接近我們的理想。

敝公司作為日本鈴木株式會(huì)社在中國(guó)的摩托車(chē)生產(chǎn)基地，同時(shí)在鈴木的全球戰(zhàn)略中也占有重要的位置，自1996年開(kāi)始正式投產(chǎn)以來(lái)，在以日本鈴木派遣的總經(jīng)理為首的中日高管層的共同領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理下，建立起了和日本鈴木同等水平的開(kāi)發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、質(zhì)量管理體系，以向中國(guó)的消費(fèi)者提供和日本鈴木同等質(zhì)量水準(zhǔn)的產(chǎn)品作為我們的崇高使命。自正式投產(chǎn)以來(lái)的這12年里，在廣大消費(fèi)者及社會(huì)各界的傾力支持下，敝公司取得了順利的發(fā)展。2007年我們又有了中國(guó)南方工業(yè)集團(tuán)這樣新的合作伙伴，可以說(shuō)這為敝公司的發(fā)展奠定了更加堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

真誠(chéng)的希望廣大消費(fèi)者和社會(huì)各界今后能夠繼續(xù)對(duì)敝公司及敝公司的產(chǎn)品給予一如既往的眷顧和信賴(lài)。此致!

濟(jì)南輕騎鈴木摩托車(chē)有限公司

總經(jīng)理 岡崎 淳

公司榮譽(yù)

我公司作為一家大型摩托車(chē)制造企業(yè)，一直致力于向中國(guó)消費(fèi)者提供卓越產(chǎn)品，通過(guò)多年的努力，先后獲得了“中國(guó)最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的摩托車(chē)品牌”、“中國(guó)市場(chǎng)知名品牌質(zhì)量.信譽(yù).服務(wù)滿(mǎn)意單位摩托車(chē)行業(yè)十大知名品牌”等稱(chēng)號(hào)。

在管理創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等方面，我公司先后獲得中國(guó)機(jī)械行業(yè)企業(yè)管理創(chuàng)新成果獎(jiǎng)、全國(guó)優(yōu)秀質(zhì)量管理獎(jiǎng)等榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)。

同時(shí)，我公司亦為社會(huì)的發(fā)展、環(huán)境的保護(hù)做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)，連續(xù)多年榮獲“外商投資先進(jìn)企業(yè)”、“濟(jì)南市外商投資形象企業(yè)”、“省國(guó)稅百?gòu)?qiáng)納稅企業(yè)”、“納稅明星企業(yè)等榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)”、“環(huán)境保護(hù)信用等級(jí)A級(jí)企業(yè)”等榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)。

1999年6月17日，公司一次性通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的歐洲（南德意志集團(tuán)管理服務(wù)股份公司）TUV（ISO9002）認(rèn)證，并于2004年一次性通過(guò)ISO14000環(huán)境管理體系認(rèn)證。

2002年，我公司獲日本鈴木公司海外出口生產(chǎn)基地稱(chēng)號(hào)，2003年，又因“品質(zhì)管理、成本控制、生產(chǎn)效率提高、營(yíng)業(yè)推廣等方面在鈴木的眾多海外工廠(chǎng)中表現(xiàn)突出，經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)績(jī)優(yōu)秀”，被鈴木公司評(píng)為“模范海外工廠(chǎng)，并一直保持該稱(chēng)號(hào)。鈴木模范海外工廠(chǎng) 鈴木在中國(guó)的3S營(yíng)銷(xiāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

環(huán)境管理體系認(rèn)證證書(shū) ＣＱＣ認(rèn)證證書(shū)

質(zhì)量管理

“站在消費(fèi)者立場(chǎng)上，奉獻(xiàn)有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品”，這一質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)已融入輕騎鈴木運(yùn)營(yíng)的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。日本鈴木本部定期派遣技術(shù)人員現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指導(dǎo)，開(kāi)展技術(shù)、質(zhì)量培訓(xùn)；并長(zhǎng)期派駐3名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的技術(shù)、質(zhì)量專(zhuān)家督導(dǎo)把關(guān)；每一崗位都制定嚴(yán)格的QSOS（工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），關(guān)鍵工序由經(jīng)過(guò)日本鈴木本部培訓(xùn)的優(yōu)秀人員擔(dān)當(dāng)。3C認(rèn)證證書(shū) CQC認(rèn)證證書(shū)

生產(chǎn)模式

以“生產(chǎn)與日本鈴木同等質(zhì)量水平的摩托車(chē)”為目標(biāo)。

由日本鈴木規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)并制造安裝大型壓力機(jī)、涂裝生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)、機(jī)械加工設(shè)備和檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)等關(guān)鍵設(shè)備。

采用鈴木TPICS生產(chǎn)管理系統(tǒng)，實(shí)行零部件“傳票卡制度”和“零庫(kù)存”的管理方式，融入鈴木“少、小、輕、短、美”的生產(chǎn)方式（少投入、小規(guī)模、輕巧化、短簡(jiǎn)化、美觀(guān)化），建立高效簡(jiǎn)捷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的生產(chǎn)管理體制。

遵循P-D-C-A目標(biāo)管理流程，整合50％以上員工的集體智慧，積極開(kāi)展“QC”和品質(zhì)提案改善活動(dòng)，工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)嚴(yán)把5S關(guān)，整理、整頓、清掃、清潔、素養(yǎng)一個(gè)都不能少。使員工樹(shù)立起良好的集體榮譽(yù)感和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神。

全面實(shí)行鈴木生產(chǎn)方式SPS（SUZUKI PRODUCTION SYSTEM），徹底做到一目了然的管理。

?。盒〕杀?；

少：少工時(shí)、少庫(kù)存；

輕：工裝設(shè)備輕量化；

短：短距離；

美：清潔、安全、有利于工作的5S： 整理 整頓 清掃 清潔 素養(yǎng) 環(huán)境

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※2009年7月3日，公司和濟(jì)南技術(shù)學(xué)院共同舉辦了高級(jí)技工班畢業(yè)典禮； ※2009年6月，以“中國(guó)力量”為主題的首屆“中國(guó)摩托車(chē)十佳發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)”評(píng)選于6月正式拉開(kāi)帷幕。在本次評(píng)選活動(dòng)中，我公司參選的QS157FMI-3（駿威）和QS153FMI（駿馳）最終憑借領(lǐng)先的技術(shù)、超旺的人氣榮獲了首屆“中國(guó)摩托車(chē)十佳發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)”（合資）稱(chēng)號(hào)；

※2009年6月，鈴木車(chē)友會(huì)試點(diǎn)方案在安徽、湖南、江西、遼寧、廣西五省開(kāi)始實(shí)施；

※2009年6月8日，中國(guó)兵器裝備集團(tuán)公司對(duì)“2008年工業(yè)企業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率及增長(zhǎng)率排行榜”進(jìn)行了通報(bào)，我公司位列“2008年工業(yè)企業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率排行榜”榜首；

※2009年于6月3日-5日，濟(jì)南市QC成果發(fā)布會(huì)在濟(jì)南市長(zhǎng)清區(qū)召開(kāi),沖焊車(chē)間的《降低QS150T車(chē)體流出不良率》、涂裝車(chē)間的《降低GSX125車(chē)體電泳不良率》、機(jī)加工車(chē)間的《降低AN150齒輪箱加工不良率》榮獲發(fā)表會(huì)一等獎(jiǎng)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)車(chē)間的《制作磁電機(jī)定子半圓鍵擠脫報(bào)警裝置提高確認(rèn)效果》、完成車(chē)間的《降低FD110車(chē)型單車(chē)完成組裝工時(shí)》榮獲二等獎(jiǎng)，同時(shí)我公司還榮獲本次發(fā)表會(huì)的“最佳組織獎(jiǎng)”的榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)；

※2009年6月23日，公司2009ISO9001ISO14001外審圓滿(mǎn)結(jié)束； ※2009年5月24日至26日，中機(jī)車(chē)輛技術(shù)服務(wù)中心的審核專(zhuān)家一行4人對(duì)輕騎鈴木的獨(dú)立生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)入進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)審核；

※2009年4月15日，我公司被濟(jì)南市高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)財(cái)政局評(píng)為“會(huì)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)工作規(guī)范評(píng)審優(yōu)秀單位”；

※2009年3月，公司安裝了考勤管理系統(tǒng)，并且從3月起公司實(shí)行刷卡考勤網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理；

※2009年3月30日，公司被國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局山東調(diào)查總隊(duì)評(píng)為“2008山東工業(yè)品價(jià)格統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查先進(jìn)單位”；

※2009年1月5日上午8時(shí)，公司2009年新年例會(huì)隆重舉行；

※2009年1月，我公司財(cái)務(wù)本部在中國(guó)南方工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司會(huì)計(jì)信息基礎(chǔ)工作中獲得二等獎(jiǎng)；

※2009年1月，國(guó)家啟動(dòng)摩托車(chē)下鄉(xiāng)工作，公司全力以赴，準(zhǔn)備摩托車(chē)下鄉(xiāng)招投標(biāo)；

※ 2008年12月，《摩托車(chē)趨勢(shì)》雜志主辦的2008車(chē)型評(píng)選中，鈴木鋒彩憑借出色的綜合表現(xiàn)獲得“2008合作研發(fā)大獎(jiǎng)”?！?2008年12月，濟(jì)南鈴木商學(xué)院成立。

※ 2008年11月，由《摩托車(chē)信息》雜志主辦的《中國(guó)摩托30年報(bào)告》中，輕騎鈴木榮膺“行業(yè)著名品牌”稱(chēng)號(hào)，鈴木王GS125榮膺“行

業(yè)經(jīng)典車(chē)型”稱(chēng)號(hào)。

※ 2008年10月30日，中國(guó)南方工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司黨組成員、副總經(jīng)理龔艷德、辦公廳主任王進(jìn)文、人力資源部副巡視員劉伯涵、科技質(zhì)量部

副主任錢(qián)一欣、摩托車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)辦公室副主任肖勇等一行蒞臨我公司檢查指導(dǎo)工作。※ 2008年5月，輕騎鈴木駿威GSX未來(lái)版上市發(fā)布會(huì)暨鈴木品牌全球新口號(hào)（WAY OF LIFE）中國(guó)啟動(dòng)儀式在浙江蕭山召開(kāi)。

※ 2008年5月，為支援四川災(zāi)區(qū)，輕騎鈴木通過(guò)山東省慈善總會(huì)向?yàn)?zāi)區(qū)人民捐款100萬(wàn)元。在公司工會(huì)的黨委的的聯(lián)合倡議下，全體直供

共為災(zāi)區(qū)人民捐款15余萬(wàn)，并對(duì)位于地震災(zāi)區(qū)的代理商四川金恒達(dá)商貿(mào)有限公司提供援助，向受災(zāi)的銷(xiāo)售店員工發(fā)放慰問(wèn)金。

※ 2008年3月16日，日本鈴木中國(guó)首家SUZUKI WORLD店在安徽六安開(kāi)業(yè)，來(lái)自鈴木公司的高層、輕騎鈴木領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、六安市相關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、安徽

鈴木代理及銷(xiāo)售店經(jīng)理等嘉賓出席了開(kāi)業(yè)典禮?！?2008年3月，輕騎鈴木榮獲濟(jì)南市“2007先進(jìn)企業(yè)”稱(chēng)號(hào)，總經(jīng)理岡崎淳先生被評(píng)為濟(jì)南市“2007優(yōu)秀企業(yè)家”。※ 2008年2月，鈴木鋒彩125/150在國(guó)內(nèi)上市。

※ 2007年11月30日，輕騎鈴木臨時(shí)董事會(huì)召開(kāi)，并通過(guò)了岡崎淳先生接替日內(nèi)地輝幸先生擔(dān)任輕騎鈴木副董事長(zhǎng)、總經(jīng)理職務(wù)的決議。

※ 2007年11月，南方集團(tuán)副總經(jīng)理、黨組成員、總會(huì)計(jì)師李守武先生一行來(lái)輕騎鈴木參觀(guān)視察。

※ 2007年10月25日，為期兩天的日本鈴木第二屆世界維修技能大賽在鈴木公司總部日本濱淞落下帷幕，代表中國(guó)參賽的輕騎鈴木選手袁

志剛獲得冠軍，這是中國(guó)選手首次奪得該項(xiàng)賽事的冠軍。

※ 2007年5月底，南方集團(tuán)副總經(jīng)理、黨組成員尹家緒先生一行來(lái)輕騎鈴木參觀(guān)視察。

※ 2007年4月21日，輕騎鈴木在昆明召開(kāi)了鈴木韻彩QS100T和金版駿馳QS125-5/QS125-5C（GT125）兩款新車(chē)的上市發(fā)布會(huì)。

※ 2007年4月2日上午，濟(jì)南市市長(zhǎng)張建國(guó)一行對(duì)輕騎鈴木進(jìn)行了視察。※ 2007年3月31日，濟(jì)南市市委書(shū)記焉榮竹一行對(duì)輕騎鈴木進(jìn)行了視察?！?2007年3月22日，輕騎鈴木2007董事會(huì)在濟(jì)南召開(kāi)，本次會(huì)議是南方集團(tuán)入股輕騎鈴木后的首次董事會(huì)。會(huì)議通過(guò)了輕騎鈴木

2006年經(jīng)營(yíng)報(bào)告等，并任命南方集團(tuán)派遣的馬洪先生為輕騎鈴木財(cái)務(wù)副總經(jīng)理。

※ 2007年1月26日，公司股權(quán)變更，中方股東由中國(guó)輕騎集團(tuán)變更為中國(guó)南方工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司。

※ 2006年7月，在第二屆鈴木亞洲樣板店評(píng)選活動(dòng)中，輕騎鈴木浙江總代理杭州鈴木摩托車(chē)銷(xiāo)售有限公司成為中國(guó)區(qū)第一家獲得亞洲樣

板店得鈴木摩托銷(xiāo)售店。

※ 2006年6月14日-12月17，由輕騎鈴木和日本鈴木公司共同籌備的“鈴木魅力炫動(dòng)中國(guó)”大型巡回秀活動(dòng)正式啟動(dòng)。

※ 2006年4月24日，輕騎鈴木常務(wù)副總經(jīng)理陳嫻女士獲得山東省總工會(huì)頒發(fā)的山東省富民興魯勞動(dòng)獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，輕騎鈴木被評(píng)為濟(jì)南市五一勞

動(dòng)獎(jiǎng)狀先進(jìn)單位

※ 2006年4月19日，輕騎鈴木在濟(jì)南泉城公園舉辦了“開(kāi)業(yè)十周年員工表彰暨慶祝晚會(huì)”，會(huì)上輕騎鈴木對(duì)為公司發(fā)展做出重大貢獻(xiàn)的員工進(jìn)行了表彰。

※ 2006年4月19日，輕騎鈴木2006營(yíng)銷(xiāo)大會(huì)在濟(jì)南召開(kāi)，來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的700多家銷(xiāo)售商和媒體參會(huì)。在本會(huì)議上輕騎鈴木公布了新的銷(xiāo)售政策，并推出了三款新品——鈴木駿威GSX125十周年紀(jì)念版、鈴木王GS125十周年紀(jì)念版、麗彩UZ125?！?2006年 4月18日，輕騎鈴木開(kāi)業(yè)十周年慶祝大會(huì)隆重舉行，省市相關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、鈴木公司代表及銷(xiāo)售商、配套商共同出席了本次大會(huì)。※ 2005年11月，公司二期工程全面竣工投產(chǎn)。

※ 2005年5月24日，鈴木駿馳GT125、鈴木華彩QS125T-A及05升級(jí)版賽馳110碟剎款上市發(fā)布會(huì)在濟(jì)南召開(kāi)

※ 2004年11月24日，鈴木新品駿威GSX125、GSX150在廣州召開(kāi)了上市發(fā)布會(huì)。

※ 2004年9月10日--16日，公司作為中國(guó)區(qū)唯一代表赴日參加了日本鈴木株式會(huì)社舉辦的“維修技能世界競(jìng)賽大會(huì)”，并取得了優(yōu)異的成績(jī)。

※ 2004年9月9日，公司二期擴(kuò)建工程開(kāi)工典禮儀式隆重舉行,濟(jì)南市副市長(zhǎng)楊佩欽等各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)出席。二期工程投產(chǎn)后，公司的年生產(chǎn)能

力將提高一倍。

※ 2004年8月15日，公司通過(guò)ISO14001環(huán)境管理體系認(rèn)證。

※ 2004年3月29日，公司迎來(lái)了首批海外研修團(tuán)--巴基斯坦研修團(tuán)?！?2003年12月30日，鈴木賽馳110彎梁車(chē)上市發(fā)布會(huì)在安徽合肥召開(kāi)?！?2003年10月20日，國(guó)家車(chē)輛生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)入審查組一行5位專(zhuān)家于對(duì)公司進(jìn)行了相關(guān)審查，并于12月順利通過(guò)。

※ 2003年10月1日，公司原總經(jīng)理服部武夫先生任期屆滿(mǎn)，日內(nèi)地輝幸先生成為公司新一任總經(jīng)理。

※ 2003年7月16日，鈴木GS125動(dòng)力升級(jí)版開(kāi)始量產(chǎn)。

※ 2003年5月19日，公司投資外方股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓手續(xù)辦理完成，鈴木株式會(huì)社增資240萬(wàn)美元，收購(gòu)日商巖井株式會(huì)社

※ 在公司10％的股份，總投資增長(zhǎng)為960萬(wàn)美元，股份增至40％。

※ 2002年10月25日，公司順利通過(guò)了ISO9001 2000版的升級(jí)審核，并于11月份獲取了TUV頒發(fā)的認(rèn)證書(shū)。

※ 2002年5月11日，公司全國(guó)銷(xiāo)售商商務(wù)峰會(huì)在青島召開(kāi)，在本次會(huì)議上，鈴木株式會(huì)社宣布了“輕騎鈴木為鈴

※ 木公司海外出口基地”，并授予授權(quán)證書(shū)。此次峰會(huì)為公司的跨越式發(fā)展樹(shù)立了一個(gè)里程碑。

※ 2002年8月份，公司成功推出了超級(jí)風(fēng)暴太子QS150-A和風(fēng)飚QS125-E兩款新車(chē)

※ 2002年5月11日，鈴木株式會(huì)社宣布授予輕騎鈴木為鈴木公司海外出口基地。

※ 2002年1月3日，在公司各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)及全體員工的大力支持下，企業(yè)刊物《大家園》成功創(chuàng)刊。

※ 2001年12月6日，鈴木GM125正式投放市場(chǎng)，與消費(fèi)者見(jiàn)面?！?2001年11月，出口版鈴木發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)X9174-A 正式量產(chǎn)。

※ 2001年10月1日，公司正式在全國(guó)各省全面實(shí)施“無(wú)憂(yōu)服務(wù)工程”。

※ 2001年7月27日，全體員工在玉泉森信共聚一堂，慶祝公司開(kāi)業(yè)5周年?！?2000年11月22日，鈴木悠eQS125T新品發(fā)布會(huì)在廣州市東方賓館舉行?！?2000年7月19日，鈴木風(fēng)暴QS125-A太子車(chē)正式量產(chǎn)下線(xiàn)，8月2日上市發(fā)布會(huì)在廈門(mén)召開(kāi)?！?1999年10月9日，大連市長(zhǎng)***參觀(guān)公司。

※ 1999年8月19日，鈴木株式會(huì)社社長(zhǎng)鈴木修先生到公司視察。

※ 1999年6月17日，公司一次性通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的歐洲（南德意志集團(tuán)管理服務(wù)股份公司）TüV（ISO9002）認(rèn)證，并獲得證書(shū)。

※ 1999年5月15日，全國(guó)人大委員長(zhǎng)李鵬參觀(guān)公司。

※ 1999年2月24日，公司被濟(jì)南市政府授予“濟(jì)南市1998先進(jìn)企業(yè)”，“納稅先進(jìn)企業(yè)”稱(chēng)號(hào)。

※ 1999年2月1日，公司第一屆董事會(huì)第四次會(huì)議在泉城大酒店召開(kāi)，友田義章先生任職到期，總經(jīng)理由日本鈴 ※ 木株式會(huì)社代表服部武夫先生接任。

※ 1998年10月，輕騎鈴木青蘋(píng)果QC小組獲“全國(guó)優(yōu)秀質(zhì)量管理小組”稱(chēng)號(hào)。※ 1998年7月30日，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)副委員長(zhǎng)周光召由山東省副省長(zhǎng)邵桂芳陪同到公司參觀(guān)座談。

※ 1998年5月25日，國(guó)家外經(jīng)貿(mào)部長(zhǎng)石廣生參觀(guān)公司?！?1998年5月，鈴木99新款鈴木王GS125（B型）投產(chǎn)?！?1998年4月4日，全國(guó)政協(xié)副主席毛致用到公司參觀(guān)?！?1997年12月，鈴木超人QS150T踏板車(chē)投產(chǎn)。

※ 1997年11月19日，山東省副省長(zhǎng)杜世成參觀(guān)公司。

※ 1997年10月29日，中國(guó)化學(xué)工業(yè)部部長(zhǎng)陳士能先生參觀(guān)公司。※ 1997年6月8日，公司濟(jì)南服務(wù)中心開(kāi)業(yè)。

※ 1997年5月28日，輕騎鈴木董事會(huì)決定公司新增資本1200萬(wàn)美金，總注冊(cè)資本達(dá)到2400萬(wàn)美元，新增資本按時(shí)到位。

※ 1997年1月，公司被授予“濟(jì)南市先進(jìn)投資企業(yè)”及“外商投資形象企業(yè)”稱(chēng)號(hào)。

※ 1996年11月8日，公司攜由日本鈴木公司引進(jìn)的第二個(gè)產(chǎn)品－GSX250及已正式生產(chǎn)的GS125摩托車(chē)參加廣州國(guó)際

※ 汽車(chē)摩托車(chē)展覽會(huì)，此次參展是年輕的輕騎鈴木首次參加國(guó)際大型展覽?！?1996年7月10日，公司總經(jīng)理友田義章被授予“濟(jì)南市榮譽(yù)市民”稱(chēng)號(hào)。※ 1996年7月8日，濟(jì)南市委書(shū)記孫淑義參觀(guān)公司。

※ 1996年2月13日，公司第一屆董事會(huì)第一次會(huì)議召開(kāi)。中國(guó)輕騎集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)張家?guī)X先生任公司董事長(zhǎng)，日本鈴

※ 木株式會(huì)社友田義章先生任公司總經(jīng)理，李樹(shù)意先生任公司中方代表、副總經(jīng)理。

※ 1996年1月31日，計(jì)15408平方米的主輔廠(chǎng)房全部竣工。※ 1996年1月，公司試制10臺(tái)GS125.※ 1995年8月23日—11月23日，公司首批研修團(tuán)赴日研修學(xué)習(xí)。

※ 1994年12月28日，合資公司奠基儀式舉行，國(guó)務(wù)院特區(qū)辦主任胡平、中國(guó)輕騎集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)張家?guī)X、日本鈴木

※ 株式會(huì)社代表友田義章及政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)出席奠基儀式。

※ 1994年3月25日，中國(guó)輕騎集團(tuán)、日本鈴木株式會(huì)社、日商巖井株式會(huì)社合資三方在日本簽訂了合資合同及章程。公司注冊(cè)資本

1200萬(wàn)美元，其中中國(guó)輕騎集團(tuán)占60%，日本鈴木株式會(huì)社占30％，日商巖井株式會(huì)社占10％。首期工程年設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)能力20萬(wàn)臺(tái)摩托

車(chē)?！?1992年10月，中國(guó)輕騎集團(tuán)總裁張家?guī)X率團(tuán)訪(fǎng)日，與日本鈴木株式會(huì)社商談建立合資公司的方案。

第五篇：比較選擇作文類(lèi)型2

比較型作文

比較型作文一般分為說(shuō)明式和議論式比較兩種。說(shuō)明式比較在比較過(guò)程中，作者不發(fā)表個(gè)人意見(jiàn)，不體現(xiàn)個(gè)人取向，單純以說(shuō)明介紹為目的。

議論式比較以比較事物優(yōu)劣、闡明自己立場(chǎng)為目的，一般分為傾向型和中立型兩種類(lèi)型。

一、傾向型比較論說(shuō)文

1、首段

引言句（第一句）：引出比較的對(duì)象

主題句（第二句）：提出主題，明確表明作者的個(gè)人取向與偏好。

Topic 1 Which do you prefer: to live alone or to live with other classmates?

It is often difficult for undergraduates to decide whether they should live alone or they should live with other classmates.In my opinion, to live with others is always better.2、主體部分

對(duì)比點(diǎn)的筆墨分配應(yīng)有所側(cè)重，對(duì)于作者持否定態(tài)度的事物優(yōu)勢(shì)應(yīng)少寫(xiě)，而對(duì)于肯定的事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)則要多用筆墨，對(duì)于其缺點(diǎn)可輕描淡寫(xiě)。Topic 1 Which do you prefer: to live alone or1

to live with other classmates?

My belief that to live with others is a better choice is based on the following two reasons(第一句承接首段的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，引出下文的發(fā)展模式).The first reason is that it is very convenient to ask classmates questions about courses and have various discussions with them if we live together...(A優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一, 用拓展句加以說(shuō)明）.But if we live alone, we have no one to ask for help…(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)聯(lián)詞說(shuō)明B相應(yīng)的缺點(diǎn)，并用拓展句加以說(shuō)明）.The second reason for living with classmates is that it can help us have better personal relations.…(A優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二（1句），用拓展句加以說(shuō)明).In contrast, if living alone, it may not be easy for us to learn to get along well with others…(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)聯(lián)詞說(shuō)明B相應(yīng)的缺點(diǎn)，并用拓展句加以說(shuō)明).3、結(jié)尾段=呼應(yīng)主題句，強(qiáng)調(diào)被肯定事物的積極

作用。

Topic 1 Which do you prefer: to live alone or to live with other students?

In conclusion, living with others is the best2

choice for college students.It helps them to perform better in study and establish better personal relations.In contrast, living along would produce adverse impact and therefore should be avoided.