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      旅游英語(yǔ)口譯課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      時(shí)間:2019-05-15 04:26:23下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫寫幫文庫(kù)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《旅游英語(yǔ)口譯課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫(kù)還可以找到更多《旅游英語(yǔ)口譯課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》。

      第一篇:旅游英語(yǔ)口譯課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      《口譯》

      標(biāo)

      準(zhǔn)

      (2013~ 2014學(xué)年第2學(xué)期)

      課程名稱:

      口譯

      開(kāi)課單位:

      外語(yǔ)學(xué)院

      制定人:

      盧春華

      合作人:

      盧春華

      制定時(shí)間:

      2014年3月20日

      四平職業(yè)大學(xué)

      《口譯》 課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      課程基本信息

      課程名稱:口譯 課程編號(hào):

      課程類型:英語(yǔ)專業(yè)必修課 適用專業(yè):旅游英語(yǔ)專業(yè) 課程學(xué)時(shí):48學(xué)時(shí) 編制單位:外語(yǔ)學(xué)院

      1、課程性質(zhì) 1、1 課程定位:

      《口譯》是旅游英語(yǔ)專業(yè)二年級(jí)翻譯系列課程中的一門必修課,也是旅游英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的核心課,著重口頭翻譯訓(xùn)練??谧g是一項(xiàng)實(shí)踐性很強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言交際活動(dòng),通過(guò)口頭表達(dá)形式,將所感知和理解的信息準(zhǔn)確而又快速地由一種語(yǔ)言形式轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種語(yǔ)言形式,進(jìn)而達(dá)到完整并及時(shí)傳遞交流信息之目的的交際行為,是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)跨文化,跨民族交往的一種基本溝通方式。表面上看,它似乎是一種被動(dòng),單一,機(jī)械性的語(yǔ)言傳達(dá)活動(dòng),其實(shí)不然,它是一種集語(yǔ)言信息,語(yǔ)境信息,文化信息,心理信息等于一體的綜合交際活動(dòng)。是一種綜合運(yùn)用視,聽(tīng),說(shuō),寫,讀等知識(shí)和技能的語(yǔ)言操作活動(dòng)。準(zhǔn)確,流利是衡量口譯優(yōu)劣的兩條基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1、2課程理念和思路:

      本課程旨在幫助學(xué)生掌握與專業(yè)相關(guān)主題的有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)、表達(dá)方式及句型;讓學(xué)生更好地了解中 2 國(guó)的基本國(guó)策及國(guó)情,同時(shí)也能了解其它國(guó)家的歷史、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等概況。本課程要求學(xué)生具有扎實(shí)的雙語(yǔ)基本功,了解口譯活動(dòng)的基本過(guò)程,口譯過(guò)程中大腦的反應(yīng)(包括抗疲勞訓(xùn)練),對(duì)筆記的要求,各類句式的處理,各類意外情況的處置,以及基本的社交禮儀(著裝,提前到場(chǎng),文具準(zhǔn)備)等。本課程以英漢互為口譯為主,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生掌握口譯的基本理論和專題連續(xù)傳譯的技能,幫助學(xué)生掌握口譯記憶方法,口頭概述,口譯筆記,及公眾演講技巧以求學(xué)生能較準(zhǔn)確,流暢地進(jìn)行漢英對(duì)譯。

      2、課程目標(biāo)

      2.1教學(xué)基本要求

      本課程的授課對(duì)象是旅游英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生,屬英語(yǔ)類專業(yè)技能課。學(xué)生通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)該課程具有良好的口語(yǔ)水平和嫻熟的口譯技能,通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能了解口譯基本理論,掌握口譯技巧,并運(yùn)用到不同情景的口譯實(shí)踐當(dāng)中??蓮氖乱话愕纳罘g,陪同翻譯,涉外導(dǎo)游以及外事接待等翻譯工作。2.2 專業(yè)能力目標(biāo):

      在對(duì)語(yǔ)言理解和運(yùn)用方面,以英語(yǔ)錄音、錄像、電影電視、多媒體教學(xué)片的形式進(jìn)行教學(xué),通過(guò)觀賞英文電影、電視、多媒體教學(xué)片等,使學(xué)生能夠增加對(duì)語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)用場(chǎng)合了解;能較好地復(fù)述所觀看的故事情節(jié),講述自己的理解和分析,具備用英語(yǔ)講述和組織語(yǔ)言的能力;能針對(duì)特定語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)用場(chǎng)合中的若干話題,進(jìn)行模仿、對(duì)話、討論等,具備用英語(yǔ)解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力、較強(qiáng)的上口能力和正確的語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)和較快的語(yǔ)速。經(jīng)過(guò)系統(tǒng)地訓(xùn)練,使學(xué)生有較好的語(yǔ)言實(shí)際運(yùn)用的能力和較強(qiáng)的視聽(tīng)說(shuō)水平。按級(jí)分別為:辨別容易混淆的音素、單詞和句子結(jié)構(gòu),預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容。歸納大意,掌握細(xì)節(jié),猜測(cè)生詞;推理、判斷內(nèi)在含義,判斷說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣、感情和態(tài)度;掌握新聞要點(diǎn),記筆記等。

      2.3 方法能力目標(biāo):

      1)獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí),查找資料,獲取所需信息

      2)借助廣播、電視、光盤等媒體運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí),分析問(wèn)題,解決問(wèn)題。2.4 社會(huì)能力目標(biāo):

      1)協(xié)同合作,以小組團(tuán)隊(duì)方式共同完成工作任務(wù) 2)正確處理人際關(guān)系,迅速融入集體

      3)批判地看待問(wèn)題,客觀地分析問(wèn)題,對(duì)東西方文化差異冷靜對(duì)待。

      3、與前后課的聯(lián)系

      前期旅游英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生完成了語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí),包括綜合英語(yǔ)、視聽(tīng)說(shuō)、閱讀、基礎(chǔ)翻譯等課程,這些課程都為口譯打下語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ),學(xué)生已經(jīng)基本具備了獨(dú)立閱讀英語(yǔ)文章適當(dāng)?shù)姆治鰡?wèn)題的能力,較好地把握講話人的思想,聽(tīng)懂比較簡(jiǎn)單的演講、辯論,同時(shí)開(kāi)設(shè)的課程有綜合英語(yǔ)、視聽(tīng)說(shuō),繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言技能訓(xùn)練。

      4、課程內(nèi)容與學(xué)時(shí)分配

      4.1總學(xué)時(shí):

      本課程總學(xué)時(shí)為48學(xué)時(shí),每周為3學(xué)時(shí)。4.2 課程內(nèi)容

      語(yǔ)言技課程內(nèi)容包括口譯基本理論與技巧介紹;口譯背景知識(shí)介紹;記憶訓(xùn)練;口譯筆記方法;數(shù)字口譯及專題口譯實(shí)踐。專題口譯內(nèi)容涉及旅游業(yè),旅游景點(diǎn)專題,農(nóng)業(yè),體育,人口,航天航空,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū),環(huán)保,中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化,教育,演講辭,少數(shù)民族,外貿(mào),國(guó)際關(guān)系,世界貿(mào)易組織,金融系統(tǒng),保險(xiǎn)業(yè),科技與新經(jīng)濟(jì),國(guó)家的方針政策等領(lǐng)域。4.3學(xué)時(shí)分配

      該課程安排在第4學(xué)期,總學(xué)時(shí)為48學(xué)時(shí),每周3個(gè)學(xué)時(shí)。教學(xué)具體安排如下: 任務(wù)1:口譯課程內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介、教學(xué)目的及要求,口譯歷史簡(jiǎn)介。(2學(xué)時(shí))

      任務(wù)2:短時(shí)記憶訓(xùn)練。穿插TOAST(祝酒詞)的基本組成規(guī)范,如何致歡迎詞,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行祝 4 酒詞和歡迎詞的英漢互譯。(4學(xué)時(shí))

      任務(wù)3:筆記訓(xùn)練。教會(huì)學(xué)生使用基本的筆記符號(hào)記錄較長(zhǎng)的文本,學(xué)生每周要記錄5000字左右的文本,記筆記會(huì)延續(xù)到整個(gè)一學(xué)年的口譯教學(xué)過(guò)程中。(4學(xué)時(shí))

      任務(wù)4::綜合概括能力訓(xùn)練和筆記能力訓(xùn)練。利用實(shí)物展示臺(tái)展示不同個(gè)體的筆記,再利用綜合概括能力把筆記還原成原文,訓(xùn)練同學(xué)對(duì)筆記的識(shí)別和還原能力。穿插講解旅游文本翻譯的基本原則與技巧。(8學(xué)時(shí))

      任務(wù)5:記憶、綜合概括能力和筆記能力的綜合訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練學(xué)生對(duì)較長(zhǎng)文本(300單詞或字左右)的記憶能力。穿插講解對(duì)外宣傳翻譯資料的翻譯原則與技巧。(8學(xué)時(shí))

      任務(wù)6:口試。口試形式包括即興演講。(4學(xué)時(shí))

      任務(wù)7:講解飲食文化文本的口譯的技巧。包括菜單、菜譜的口譯和中國(guó)飲食文化的介紹。(4學(xué)時(shí))任務(wù)8:VOA、BBC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練學(xué)生對(duì)新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)的聽(tīng)和口譯的能力,穿插講解新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)的文體特征和口譯技巧。(4學(xué)時(shí))

      任務(wù)9:繼續(xù)記憶、綜合概括能力和筆記能力的綜合訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練學(xué)生對(duì)長(zhǎng)文本(600-800單詞或字左右)的記憶和筆記能力。穿插講解改革開(kāi)放主題材料口譯的技巧。(4學(xué)時(shí))

      任務(wù)10:數(shù)字的口譯技巧。穿插講解口譯的一般性英漢轉(zhuǎn)換技巧。(4學(xué)時(shí))任務(wù)11:口試。口試形式:模擬現(xiàn)場(chǎng)口譯。(2學(xué)時(shí))4.4 課程教學(xué)方法與手段:

      (l)教師在每節(jié)課前做到備語(yǔ)言實(shí)驗(yàn)室即備設(shè)備,提前檢查多媒體的各種能是否上常動(dòng)作,例如:放音,聽(tīng)音,選擇,會(huì)話,提問(wèn),回答,示范,討論等各種功能是否能合理地運(yùn)用和調(diào)動(dòng),在沒(méi)有任何故障的前提下,教師應(yīng)提前操作一遍,以便在正式上課時(shí),達(dá)到操作自如,運(yùn)靈活,各種功能在教師的操作下發(fā)揮出應(yīng)有的作用。

      (2)備教材:教師在每節(jié)課前做到將所教材料從頭到尾地聽(tīng),找出核心詞組,關(guān)鍵句型,全文的難 5 點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn),動(dòng)用學(xué)生己學(xué)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)深入淺出地作出解釋,達(dá)到學(xué)生能聽(tīng)懂理解的目的。對(duì)于多媒體軟件的準(zhǔn)備,更應(yīng)去粗取精,有選擇地運(yùn)用于課堂教學(xué)。同時(shí)也準(zhǔn)備一定量的補(bǔ)充材料,補(bǔ)充材料要選得難度適宜,趣味性強(qiáng),內(nèi)容要和所用教材相融合,以能彌補(bǔ)正式教材不足,充分的起到補(bǔ)充,調(diào)動(dòng)的作用,不能本末倒置或喧賓奪主。

      (3)備教學(xué)法:由于視聽(tīng)課在語(yǔ)言實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行,是一個(gè)語(yǔ)言信號(hào)的傳播和語(yǔ)言信號(hào)的接收的一個(gè)過(guò)程,作為學(xué)生往往處了一個(gè)非常緊張而被動(dòng)的氣氛之中,主觀能動(dòng)性很難得到充分的發(fā)揮,因此,教師得高度正視課堂中教學(xué)法的運(yùn)用,決不可輕視。所謂教學(xué)法主要就是教師與學(xué)生之間為一定的目標(biāo),使用各種信息處理,傳輸,整理和再現(xiàn)的工作方法,當(dāng)然這一方法主要包括教師方面的選擇,整理信息,選擇載體和工具,傳輸信息和控制信息傳遞,也包括學(xué)生方面的有選擇地接受信息,加工整理以及儲(chǔ)存,再現(xiàn)信息等。(5)多種教學(xué)方法的運(yùn)用 a、任務(wù)型教學(xué)法

      基于Willis(1996)的任務(wù)教學(xué)法原則及任務(wù)教學(xué)模式,提出“英語(yǔ)視聽(tīng)說(shuō)任務(wù)模式”。將教學(xué)任務(wù)分為前期任務(wù)、自主視聽(tīng)和后期任務(wù)三個(gè)階段。前期任務(wù)須描述清楚任務(wù)的內(nèi)容、目標(biāo)、進(jìn)行方式、檢測(cè)形式和時(shí)間規(guī)定等,以便學(xué)生在自主學(xué)習(xí)和協(xié)作學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)進(jìn)行自我計(jì)劃、調(diào)整和評(píng)價(jià)。學(xué)習(xí)策略、背景知識(shí)和難詞難句的解說(shuō)也須在前期任務(wù)中完成,這項(xiàng)任務(wù)一般以教師講解或示范的形式進(jìn)行。如任務(wù)主題為學(xué)生較為熟識(shí)的話題還可讓學(xué)生圍繞任務(wù)主題展開(kāi)熱身討論;自主討論是任務(wù)的主體,一般占課堂教學(xué)三分之二左右的時(shí)間,包括對(duì)主旨要義和細(xì)節(jié)的透徹理解、策略和技能的應(yīng)用實(shí)踐和就所學(xué)內(nèi)容展開(kāi)討論等活動(dòng);后期活動(dòng)包括學(xué)生的總結(jié)匯報(bào)和教師的信息反饋。在這一環(huán)節(jié)教師可以檢測(cè)學(xué)習(xí)效果,以便對(duì)下一任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行調(diào)整和對(duì)學(xué)生的進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)提供指導(dǎo)。

      b、學(xué)習(xí)策略教學(xué)法

      研究表明,外語(yǔ)教學(xué)策略的訓(xùn)練對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)好外語(yǔ)起著積極的促進(jìn)作用。根據(jù)學(xué)生實(shí)際情況,策略性地對(duì)各學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容設(shè)置重點(diǎn),能起到事半功倍的作用。

      c、自主學(xué)習(xí)和協(xié)作學(xué)習(xí)法

      在口譯課程任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式中,自主學(xué)習(xí)和協(xié)作學(xué)習(xí)是任務(wù)的主體。自主學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程由學(xué)生自主操控計(jì)算機(jī),針對(duì)指定任務(wù)的目標(biāo)和內(nèi)容,運(yùn)用所學(xué)策略,對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行自我計(jì)劃、自我監(jiān)控、自我評(píng)估和自我調(diào)控。只有在完成教師指定的任務(wù)后才可以進(jìn)行自選材料學(xué)習(xí)。教師角色在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)發(fā)生了根本性的變化,教師不再是課堂的“主宰”,而是學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的“監(jiān)督者”和“協(xié)助者”,利用屏幕監(jiān)控或走動(dòng),了解學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)程,并為學(xué)生提供幫助、個(gè)別指導(dǎo)或臨時(shí)指派新的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。自主學(xué)習(xí)決不是沒(méi)有老師參與的學(xué)習(xí),教師在促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)者自我實(shí)現(xiàn)并定期向他們提供幫助方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。

      5、學(xué)習(xí)資源的選用:

      5.1 選材原則:

      視角獨(dú)特:通過(guò)外國(guó)人的生活經(jīng)歷,幫助學(xué)生步入異國(guó)文化,學(xué)習(xí)地道表達(dá)

      場(chǎng)景真實(shí):會(huì)話內(nèi)容,DVD視頻涉及學(xué)校、家庭、公共場(chǎng)所等美國(guó)日常生活的不同場(chǎng)景。聚集文化:不同話題的背景文化短片引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解西方文化,比較文化差異。光盤互動(dòng):配套多媒體DVD光盤,拓展了知識(shí)范圍,使內(nèi)容更為形象化。5.2 推薦教材:

      教材: 《口譯教程》 主編:雷天放

      上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社 5.3教學(xué)輔助參考資料

      1、梅德明.《高級(jí)口譯教程》(第二版).上海:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,2000.2、梅德明.《英漢口譯實(shí)踐》.上海:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,1999 7

      3、梅德明.《英漢口譯實(shí)踐》.上海:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,1999

      4、林超倫 Field Interpreting/ 《實(shí)戰(zhàn)口譯》。Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press/,北京:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社。2004年9 月

      5、王燕《二級(jí)口譯實(shí)務(wù)》,北京:外文出版社,2005年7月

      6、廈門大學(xué)外文系/中英英語(yǔ)合作項(xiàng)目小組,《新編英語(yǔ)口譯教程》,上海:上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,1999

      7、國(guó)內(nèi)外中英文報(bào)刊, 如 Beijing Review《北京新聞周刊》, China Daily《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》, Times ,《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》,《光明日?qǐng)?bào)》等報(bào)刊雜志 8.《中國(guó)政府白皮書》 9.《政府工作報(bào)告》

      10.研討會(huì)錄像帶,國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)重大事件電視錄像,如歷屆兩會(huì)總理記者招待會(huì),外長(zhǎng)記者招待會(huì),國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人互訪等 11.Internet(因特網(wǎng)): 004km.cn/(甲申同文)http://004km.cn/(楓葉英娛)

      6、教師要求

      由于口譯課是一門實(shí)踐性很強(qiáng)而理論性相對(duì)不強(qiáng)的課程,所以要求老師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在具有一定翻譯技巧的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行翻譯活動(dòng),對(duì)學(xué)生的反應(yīng)速度,知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),語(yǔ)言表達(dá),發(fā)聲,筆記速度和技巧等方面都有極高的要求。它本身的特點(diǎn)表明它不可能囿于單純的理論解釋,而需要更多地將時(shí)間花在學(xué)生具體的操練和教師實(shí)際的糾正上。由于該課程的特點(diǎn),要求學(xué)生在具有一定的翻譯理論與實(shí)踐(筆譯)的基礎(chǔ),所以該課程授課過(guò)程中將不再簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)翻譯理論和一般筆譯技巧,而是側(cè)重于口譯技能的培訓(xùn)。6.1 重點(diǎn):

      主要涉及兩大層次和幾種具體譯法:

      第一層 詞層:英漢詞義差異與英詞漢譯的基本手法和注意事項(xiàng)

      詞的翻譯應(yīng)該在筆譯課程上學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)??谧g中,對(duì)詞的翻譯沒(méi)有特殊要求。

      第二層 句層:從英漢造句手法的對(duì)比看英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句,難句的漢譯處理技法,以及漢語(yǔ)句子在漢譯英中的處理.涉及各類句式的處理技巧:順譯,倒譯,存儲(chǔ),概括,省略,補(bǔ)充,猜測(cè)等。6.2 難點(diǎn): 口譯的交際、語(yǔ)用意識(shí)培養(yǎng);旅游景點(diǎn)介紹性口譯中所涉及的文化差異意識(shí)培養(yǎng);科普性口譯所涉及的科普知識(shí)以及相關(guān)詞匯;商務(wù)談判口譯所涉及的商務(wù)知識(shí)以及相關(guān)詞匯。

      7.學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)地與設(shè)施要求

      多媒體語(yǔ)言實(shí)驗(yàn)室授課,相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)軟件。

      8.考核方式與考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      《口譯》是一門重要的專業(yè)核心課程??荚囍荚跍y(cè)試考生的“英譯漢”和“漢譯英”的口譯能力以及對(duì)口譯基本技巧的掌握程度。

      1、課程考試方式及時(shí)間:

      考試方式: 本課程考核方式可采用口試與筆試相結(jié)合,平時(shí)成績(jī)與卷面成績(jī)相結(jié)合的辦法對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行考核。時(shí)間:筆試時(shí)間90分鐘,閉卷??谠嚂r(shí)間:每人10分鐘

      2、考核內(nèi)容與考核要求 考核要求及方式:

      1)考生在口譯時(shí)應(yīng)能準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原話意思,語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)正確,表達(dá)流暢、通順,句法規(guī)范,語(yǔ)氣恰當(dāng),用詞妥切

      2)考生應(yīng)具有良好的聽(tīng)譯能力,即逐句/逐段聽(tīng)事先錄制好的原文,然后逐句/逐段將原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而又流利地從來(lái)源語(yǔ)(Source Language)口譯成目標(biāo)語(yǔ)(Target Language)3)具有口譯短篇演講文的能力

      4)考試主要采取現(xiàn)場(chǎng)口譯和筆試的考試方式。總評(píng)成績(jī)根據(jù)平時(shí)成績(jī)(包括考勤、作業(yè)、平時(shí)口譯訓(xùn)練占 60%)和期終考試成績(jī)(占 40 %)綜合確定。口試部分 :

      考核內(nèi)容 : 抽取教材中英文200字左右各一段,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)口譯。

      考核要求 :內(nèi)容完整,語(yǔ)言流利,無(wú)明顯錯(cuò)誤,體現(xiàn)口譯的流利性和準(zhǔn)確性。其中:內(nèi)容完整 50%,語(yǔ)言流暢 30%,臨場(chǎng)應(yīng)變 20%。

      8.1考核方式

      本課程考核方式可采用口試與筆試相結(jié)合,平時(shí)成績(jī)與卷面成績(jī)相結(jié)合的辦法對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行考核。時(shí)間:筆試時(shí)間90分鐘,閉卷??谠嚂r(shí)間:每人10分鐘

      8.2 考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      1)考生在口譯時(shí)應(yīng)能準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原話意思,語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)正確,表達(dá)流暢、通順,句法規(guī)范,語(yǔ)氣恰當(dāng),用詞妥切

      2)考生應(yīng)具有良好的聽(tīng)譯能力,即逐句/逐段聽(tīng)事先錄制好的原文,然后逐句/逐段將原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而又流利地從來(lái)源語(yǔ)(Source Language)口譯成目標(biāo)語(yǔ)(Target Language)3)具有口譯短篇演講文的能力

      4)考試主要采取現(xiàn)場(chǎng)口譯和筆試的考試方式??傇u(píng)成績(jī)根據(jù)平時(shí)成績(jī)(包括考勤、作業(yè)、平時(shí)口譯訓(xùn)練占 60%)和期終考試成績(jī)(占 40 %)綜合確定。

      9、課程特色

      1)課堂內(nèi)1/3的課時(shí)用于語(yǔ)言知識(shí)技能的講授與學(xué)習(xí),用2/3的時(shí)間進(jìn)行模擬場(chǎng)景交際、話題討論、自我表達(dá)、聽(tīng)力練習(xí)等實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。教師利用現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)手段,設(shè)計(jì)模擬話題討論、練習(xí)項(xiàng)目,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生開(kāi)展自主學(xué)習(xí),培養(yǎng)自我學(xué)習(xí)意識(shí)。教師在整個(gè)課程的實(shí)踐中,應(yīng)起到啟發(fā)、引導(dǎo)、組織和監(jiān)督的作用,使學(xué)生能夠充分地利用訓(xùn)練時(shí)間,平衡語(yǔ)言的輸入與輸出,隨學(xué)隨用,學(xué)以致用。

      2)為了更加突出實(shí)踐性環(huán)節(jié),開(kāi)設(shè)以語(yǔ)言實(shí)驗(yàn)室為基地的視聽(tīng)說(shuō)實(shí)踐課,通過(guò)視聽(tīng)大量的經(jīng)典英文影片片段,讓學(xué)生更加深刻地了解西方文化,加深對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)的印象;開(kāi)展一對(duì)一、一對(duì)多、分組討論等活動(dòng),讓學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)使用習(xí)得的語(yǔ)言技能,實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言操練;學(xué)生在豐富和立體化的網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中開(kāi)展自主學(xué)習(xí),建立起積極的學(xué)習(xí)觀和正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法,從而成為自主學(xué)習(xí)者、理性學(xué)習(xí)11 者和終生學(xué)習(xí)者。教師開(kāi)發(fā)和篩選優(yōu)質(zhì)學(xué)習(xí)資源,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生吸收和應(yīng)用相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言素材,并對(duì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)做出評(píng)估。

      第二篇:英語(yǔ)口譯

      Unit one

      Paragraph one

      China will earn 42.6 billion dollars in foreign exchange revenue with the annual average growth of nearly 8% and it is expected to be ranked third worldwide.1.69 billion tourists will travel in china, representing an average 8% increase annually;the revenue from the domestic tourism will reach 881 billion Yuan with an increase of 11% on the average every year;the tourism earnings will total 1.226 trillion Yuan ,up 10%, representing 7% of GDP;tourism will create 9.8 million direct and 49 million indirect job opportunities.中國(guó)旅游創(chuàng)匯將達(dá)426億元,年均增長(zhǎng)8%左右,有望居世界第三位;國(guó)內(nèi)旅游人數(shù)16.9億人次,年均增長(zhǎng)8%;國(guó)內(nèi)旅游收入8810億元,年均增長(zhǎng)11%左右,旅游業(yè)總收入12260億元,年均增長(zhǎng)10%左右,相當(dāng)于全國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的7%;旅游帶動(dòng)直接就業(yè)980萬(wàn)人,間接就業(yè)4900萬(wàn)人。

      Paragraph two The eleventh five-year plan is a crucial strategic period for upgrading china?s tourism which will be faced with new opportunities and challenges.The tourism industry is continuously raising its status in the national economy.Currently, 24 provincial-cities have promoted tourism as their pillar, pioneering or crucial industry with the further optimization of the macro-environment of tourism.Accompanied by the progress of the development of the well-of society, the per capita GDP in china will jump from 1000 dollars to 3000 dollars, thus leading to a dramatically increased demand for tourism consumption.This constitutes the paramount driving force behind the sustainable bloom in china?s tourism.“十一五”是中國(guó)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略提升期,面臨著新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。旅游業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位不斷提升,目前全國(guó)有24個(gè)省區(qū)市把旅游業(yè)定位為支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)、先導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)或重要產(chǎn)業(yè),旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的宏觀環(huán)境將進(jìn)一步得到優(yōu)化。隨著全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的推進(jìn),中國(guó)人均生產(chǎn)總值將由1000美元向3000美元跨越,旅游消費(fèi)需求將大幅度提升。這是中國(guó)旅游業(yè)持續(xù)興旺的重要?jiǎng)恿Α?/p>

      Paragraph three

      隨著旅游業(yè)綜合功能的進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng),在擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需、拉動(dòng)投資、帶動(dòng)脫貧,促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)等方面也將發(fā)揮更為積極的作用。“十一五”期間,中國(guó)將促進(jìn)旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)體系建設(shè),全面提升旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)素質(zhì),綜合發(fā)揮旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)功能,把旅游業(yè)培養(yǎng)成為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要產(chǎn)業(yè)。為建設(shè)世界旅游強(qiáng)國(guó)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ),為全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì),構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。

      While seeing its strengthened comprehensive functions, tourism industry has a further active role to play in expanding domestic demand, attracting investment, helping shake off the poverty and giving impetus to regional economic development and urbanization development, etc.In the run of the eleventh Five-year Plan, china will push forward the development of the tourism industry system, improve the comprehensive tourism quality and give full play to tourism industrial function.In 1

      this way, tourism can become an important industry in the national economy,which lays a solid foundation for developing a world tourism power and contributes a great deal to creating a well-off and harmonious society.Paragraph 4

      徐霞客是中國(guó)明代偉大的地理學(xué)家,探險(xiǎn)旅行家和游記文學(xué)家。他探人所未知,達(dá)人所未達(dá),寫下了不朽的《徐霞客游記》,被譽(yù)為東方的“馬可波羅”,其傳奇生涯對(duì)中國(guó)旅游產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。由中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家旅游局和江蘇省人民政府主辦“中國(guó)徐霞客國(guó)際旅游節(jié)”于2006年5月19日至5月26日在徐霞客故里中國(guó)無(wú)錫舉行。

      Xu Xiake ,the great geographer, explorer and writer in the Ming Dynasty of China ,spent his life in travelling and discovering the vast land of china with the spirit of “traveling without boundaries” and finally accomplished the immortal masterpiece , the xuxiake travelogue.Acknowledged as the “ Marco Polo” in the east , his legendary life have left great influence on china?s tourism.“ the china xuxiake international tourism festival “was held in wuxi ,the hometown of xuxiake ,from may 19 to may 26,2006.this festival was co-hosted by the national tourism administration of people?s republic of china and Jiangsu people?s government.Unit 2 Paragraph1

      There are a large number of different service companies involved in the convention and exhibition industry including stand constructors, insurance companies, freight forwarders , travel agents, and hotels.However , the central role played by event organizers in bring together all these services makes them the most important industry service providers.In general the larger international organizations have a wide variety of shows whereas the smaller organizers tend to specialize in organizing similar shows in different locations.This enables them to leverage more business from exhibitors and establish themselves as experts in the field.會(huì)展業(yè)務(wù)中有很多不同的服務(wù)公司,如展位搭建商、保險(xiǎn)公司、貨代、旅行社以及酒店等。但是由于展會(huì)組織者扮演著將各種服務(wù)提供商聚集在一起的角色,因而展會(huì)組織者是展會(huì)業(yè)務(wù)中最重要的服務(wù)提供商??偟膩?lái)說(shuō),大的組展商會(huì)組織一系列不同主題的展會(huì),而小的展會(huì)組織者則趨向于在不同的地方組織類似的展會(huì)。這樣使得他們能從參展商中獲得更多的業(yè)務(wù),并建立其特定的行業(yè)專家地位。

      Paragraph2

      The growth of the internet as a learning and information resource completely changes everything the exhibition industry has had before.customers no longer rely upon exhibitions to determine what their options may be.they can gather information independently from us ,often information of quality and depth that is better than anything we could ever hope to deliver.this means that we must create unique and valuable information resources about the industry that our events serve.we must truly understand what is important to our customers.we must assist our customers by pointing them in many different directions to gather the information that they want and need.因特網(wǎng)作為學(xué)習(xí)和信息資源的發(fā)展徹底改變了展會(huì)業(yè)以前的面貌??蛻舨辉僖蕾囌箷?huì)來(lái)2

      決定他們的選擇。他們可以獨(dú)立的從我們這兒得到信息,并且所獲得信息的質(zhì)量和深度比我們想象的還要好得多。這意味著我們必須能夠提供展會(huì)所服務(wù)行業(yè)的獨(dú)特并富有價(jià)值的信息。我們必須了解對(duì)客戶來(lái)說(shuō)哪些是真正重要的東西。我們必須向我們的顧客指出獲取有用信息的不同的方式。Paragraph3

      香港是亞太地區(qū)重要的會(huì)展中心城市,一直以來(lái)也在發(fā)揮著內(nèi)地與海外經(jīng)貿(mào)聯(lián)系的橋梁作用,每年舉辦的專業(yè)展覽會(huì)80多項(xiàng),吸引參展企業(yè)2萬(wàn)家,舉辦大型會(huì)議420多個(gè),吸引來(lái)自世界各地的與會(huì)代表多達(dá)3.7萬(wàn)人和世界各地超過(guò)330萬(wàn)觀眾到港。會(huì)展業(yè)已成為香港的重要支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。隨著去年年底亞洲博覽館的投入使用,香港的會(huì)展業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力又有了一個(gè)新的提升。

      Hong Kong is an important exhibition and conference center in Asia Pacific Region , and always plays as the bridge for economic and trade exchanges between the Mainland and overseas areas.There are more than 80 exhibitions and 420 conventions held every year ,attracting more than 20000 exhibitors, 37000 delegates and 3.3million visitors from all over the world.convention and exhibition industry is one of Hong Kong ?s pile industries.along with the opening of Asia World-Expo in the east of last year ,the competitiveness of the conference and exhibition industry of Hong Kong has been upgraded.Paragraph 4

      展覽業(yè)的國(guó)際化是展覽業(yè)走向成熟的標(biāo)志,展覽會(huì)是推動(dòng)國(guó)際貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作的重要平臺(tái),展覽業(yè)的國(guó)際化是展覽業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。國(guó)際貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作的發(fā)展需要展覽業(yè)的國(guó)際化,展覽業(yè)的國(guó)際化又助推國(guó)際貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作的發(fā)展,兩者相互依存,又互相促進(jìn)。

      The internationalization is the symbol of the maturation of the exhibition sector ,exhibitions are very important platforms of promoting the international business ,and cooperation of economy and technology ,the internationalization is the necessary trend of the development of the exhibitions.The development of the international business and the cooperation of economy and technology urges the internationalization of the exhibition sector , in the meanwhile the internationalization of the exhibition sector also promotes the development of the international business and the cooperation of the economy and technology ,the two depend on each other and promote each other.Unit3

      Paragraph 1

      Many years ago the world may have worried about the rise of china.now it welcomes this as truly an opportunity for us all.china?s engagement in the world economy is strengthening ,as well as the partnership between our two nations.British trade with china has doubled over the last year alone.This growth is faster than that of any other G8 countries.British is also the largest European investor in china.許多年前世界擔(dān)心中國(guó)的騰飛,現(xiàn)在事實(shí)上,中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)我們所有人來(lái)說(shuō)都是一個(gè)機(jī)遇。中國(guó)再進(jìn)一步參與全球經(jīng)濟(jì),而我們兩國(guó)的伙伴關(guān)系也進(jìn)一步加深。中英貿(mào)易在過(guò)去5年中翻了一番,這一增長(zhǎng)在八國(guó)集團(tuán)國(guó)家中是增長(zhǎng)最快的。英國(guó)在中國(guó)的投資也居歐洲3

      國(guó)家之首。

      Paragraph2

      The cooperation is a natural step for both companies as they both share the same science-based culture as well as a common vision concerning the future of the industry.the benefits are many.for example , it will be able to deliver the full potential of the existing and future products through the joint strength and worldwide presence of the global sales and marketing operation of two companies.本次合作對(duì)兩家公司而言都是自然的發(fā)展步驟,因?yàn)殡p方享有同樣的以科技為本的文化,并對(duì)本行業(yè)發(fā)展有著相同的理念。這一舉措帶來(lái)的收益是很大的。例如,通過(guò)聯(lián)合雙方在全球范圍內(nèi)的銷售和市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷運(yùn)作的強(qiáng)勢(shì),可以充分挖掘現(xiàn)有和未來(lái)產(chǎn)品的潛力。

      P3

      澳大利亞有著豐富的資源、發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和先進(jìn)的技術(shù),中國(guó)有著眾多的人口、巨大的市場(chǎng)和發(fā)展?jié)摿?,?jīng)濟(jì)互補(bǔ)性很強(qiáng)。建立中澳長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作關(guān)系,符合兩國(guó)和兩國(guó)人民的根本利益。今天,我同霍華德總理進(jìn)行富有成果的會(huì)談,就發(fā)展中澳21世紀(jì)互利共贏的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作關(guān)系達(dá)成廣泛共識(shí)。我們一致同意擴(kuò)大在貿(mào)易、投資、能源、礦產(chǎn)資源等領(lǐng)域的合作加快中澳自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的談判進(jìn)程,實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏。

      Australia enjoys rich resources, a developed economy and advanced technology , whereas china has a larger population, a huge market and tremendous potential for development.our economies are highly complementary.a long-term and stable business cooperation between china and Australia serves the fundamental interests of both countries and peoples.prime minister john Howard and I had fruitful discussions today and we reached broad agreement on developing china-Australia business cooperation for mutual benefit and win-win outcome in the 21st century.we both agreed to expand our cooperation in trade ,investment ,energy ,mining resources and other fields to accelerate the China-Australia FTA negotiations for mutual benefit and common progress.P4

      中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作發(fā)展迅速,中國(guó)已成為美國(guó)第三大貿(mào)易伙伴和增長(zhǎng)最快的出口市場(chǎng),美國(guó)則是中國(guó)第二大貿(mào)易合作伙伴和最大外資來(lái)源地。中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作不僅給兩國(guó)人民帶來(lái)了巨大的實(shí)惠,也促進(jìn)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)大量?jī)r(jià)廉物美的產(chǎn)品出口到美國(guó),緩解了美國(guó)的通脹壓力,每年為美國(guó)消費(fèi)者節(jié)省近200億美元。美國(guó)的資金、技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)注入了活力。中國(guó)很多年輕人打的是摩托羅拉手機(jī),用的是戴爾、康柏筆記本電腦,與朋友相聚在星巴克、麥當(dāng)勞或肯德基。

      With the rapidly growing Sino-U.S.economy cooperation ,china has become the third largest trading partner and the fastest-growing export market of the United States, while the U.S.is now china?s second largest trading partner and top source of FDI.Such cooperation has not only delivered enormous tangible benefits to the two peoples but also boosted economic growth across the world.the import by the U.S.of larger amounts of Chinese products of good quality and low prices has alleviated the inflation pressure and saved American consumers nearly U.S.$20 billion every year.American capital ,technology and managerial expertise, in turn ,have instilled vitality into the Chinese economy.many young Chinese are making calls with Motorola cell phones , working with Dell or Compaq laptops ,and hanging out with friends in Starbucks ,McDonald?s or 4

      KFC.Unit4 P1

      The current global environment is ,taken as a whole ,as promising as it has been for the last few years.last year?s growth performance was impressive by any standard.and low inflation globally has provided a significantly improved environment for economic policymaking.But there are clouds on the horizon : continuing geopolitical uncertainly;the global payments imbalances;uncomfortably high energy prices.The old adage is true---it really does make sense to fix the roof while the sun is shining.Longer term stability will only come if governments follow prudent fiscal polices and undertake reforms during good times.總體來(lái)說(shuō)目前的國(guó)際環(huán)境與過(guò)去的幾年一樣令人樂(lè)觀。無(wú)論用什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)看,去年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)都很出色。全球的低通貨膨脹率為經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的制定顯著改善了環(huán)境。然而天邊也有陰云:地緣政治的不確定性持續(xù)不斷,全球收支失衡依然存在,高昂的油價(jià)令人擔(dān)憂。古話說(shuō)得好,未雨綢繆很有必要。只有政府采取謹(jǐn)慎的財(cái)政政策并在經(jīng)濟(jì)景氣的時(shí)候進(jìn)行改革才能獲得長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定。

      P2

      Last year was the best year for global GDP growth in decades.most parts of the world recorded improved growth performance.the prospects for this year remain favorable , although growth is likely to be at a slower, more sustainable pace : it is projected to fall from about 5% to under 4.5% this year.global trade has also recovered strongly since the downturn in 2001,and continues to be an important engine of growth: it is currently expanding at something close to twice the rate of growth of the world GDP.去年是十幾年來(lái)全球總值增長(zhǎng)最快的一年。世界大部分地區(qū)都有進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)。今年的前景看來(lái)也很樂(lè)觀,盡管增長(zhǎng)速度可能會(huì)稍微慢一些,持續(xù)性會(huì)更強(qiáng)一些。預(yù)計(jì)今年的增長(zhǎng)率會(huì)從5%下降到不足4.5%。全球貿(mào)易自從2001年低迷時(shí)期以后也反彈強(qiáng)勁,并且繼續(xù)成為增長(zhǎng)的重要?jiǎng)恿Γ耗壳暗脑鲩L(zhǎng)速度幾乎是全球國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的兩倍。

      P3

      亞洲有49個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū),大部分是發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)體。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)化,有利于它們更多地獲得資金,尤其是跨國(guó)公司的直接投資,加快經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整;有利于他們更好的利用自身優(yōu)勢(shì),開(kāi)拓國(guó)際市場(chǎng),發(fā)展對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易;有利于他們更快的得到先進(jìn)技術(shù)、管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),發(fā)揮后發(fā)優(yōu)勢(shì),實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)跨越。

      There are 49 countries and regions in Asia , and most of them are developing economies.economic globalization will benefit them in the following manner : it will facilitate their access to more capital ,especially direct investment from multinationals ,which will enable them to speed up their economic development and restructuring.it will encourage them acquire and exploit new markets and develop foreign trade and economic cooperation with other countries by giving full play to their advantages.Furthermore , it will enable them to acquire advanced technologies and management expertise more quickly so that they will be able to make better use of their advantages as late starters and attain technological progress by leaps and bounds.5

      P 4

      同時(shí)也必須看到,經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化是一把雙刃劍。由于不合理、不公正的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序沒(méi)有得到根本改變,經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化加劇了各國(guó)各地區(qū)發(fā)展不平衡性。尤其是使南北的發(fā)展差距,貧富差距進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化也使發(fā)展中國(guó)家更容易受到外部經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)和金融危機(jī)的影響。上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代末發(fā)生的亞洲金融危機(jī),就是亞洲一些國(guó)家和地區(qū)受到猛烈沖擊。

      At the same time ,it must be noted that economic globalization is a double-edge sword.as the unfair and unreasonable international political and economic order has not been fundamentally changed yet.,economic globalization has exacerbated the uneven development among countries and regions and widened ,in particular ,the gap between the North and the South and between the rich and the poor.it has also made developing countries more vulnerable to the impact of external economic turmoil and financial crisis , as evidenced by the grave impact of the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s on some Asian countries and regions.Unit 5

      Mr.President, Madam Liu, Laura and I are honored to welcome you and your delegation to the White House.It?s a pleasure to have you here, along with our other distinguished guests.// In 2008, China will welcome athletes from all over the world as your great nation hosts the summer Olympics.Beijing will showcase China?s transformation and demonstrate China?s commitment to the international institutions that make fair and peaceful competition possible for all nations,// Mr.President, I think you for the constructive and candid conversations we had this morning.I appreciate the opportunity to expand the dialogue between our two great nations.And Mr.President, I?m pleased to offer a toast to you and to your gracious wife, and to the people of China.主席閣下,劉女士,勞拉和我非常榮幸歡迎您和您的代表團(tuán)來(lái)到白宮。非常高興您還有其他尊貴的朋友能來(lái)到白宮。2008年中國(guó)舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì),屆時(shí)來(lái)自世界各地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員將齊聚中國(guó)。北京將向世人展示中國(guó)的轉(zhuǎn)變,展示中國(guó)致力于建立一個(gè)對(duì)于所有國(guó)家都公正和平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境的承諾。主席閣下,感謝您今天早上與我進(jìn)行了坦誠(chéng)并富有建設(shè)性的談話。我十分珍惜在我們兩個(gè)偉大國(guó)家之間進(jìn)一步拓寬對(duì)話的機(jī)會(huì)。主席閣下,讓我們?yōu)槟?、為您的尊貴的夫人、為中國(guó)人民干杯!

      P 2

      Today, I am delighted to have this opportunity to attend the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum , and discuss with distinguished statesman ,entrepreneurs and scholars from many countries the prospect of the world economy in the 1990s.Please allow me to extend my greetings to the President to the President of the Annual Meeting and all the ladies and gentlemen present here.My greetings also go to government and people of our host, the Swiss Confederation.我今天十分高興有機(jī)會(huì)參加世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇年會(huì),與來(lái)自各國(guó)的政治家、企業(yè)家和學(xué)者們討論90年代世界經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)展望,請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向大會(huì)主席,以及與會(huì)的女士們、先生們致意;同時(shí)還要向東道主瑞士政府和人民致意。

      P3

      在這個(gè)美好的夜晚,我很高興同大家在這里相聚,參加2005年北京《財(cái)富》全球論壇6 的開(kāi)幕式。首先我謹(jǐn)代表中國(guó)政府,并以我個(gè)人的名義,對(duì)各位朋友的到來(lái)表示誠(chéng)摯的歡迎!向論壇主辦方美國(guó)時(shí)代華納集團(tuán)表示衷心的祝賀!這次論壇確定以“中國(guó)和新的亞洲世紀(jì)”為主題,充分表達(dá)了大家對(duì)中國(guó)和亞洲發(fā)展前景的關(guān)注,表達(dá)了大家對(duì)中國(guó)及亞洲的發(fā)展對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)所發(fā)揮的作用的關(guān)注。

      I am very delighted to be with you here to join in the opening ceremony of the 2005 Fortune Global Forum in Beijing on this beautiful evening.To begin with , I?d like to , on behalf of the Chinese government ,and also in my personal name , to express my sincere welcome to all of you , and congratulations to the forum sponsor , Time Warner Inc.!The forum , themed “china and the new Asian Century” , shows the great concern over the prospects of the development of china and Asia ,and the roles of china and Asia in the global economy.P4

      下午好!歡迎大家來(lái)到這個(gè)、閃耀鉆石光彩的“美白十進(jìn)制”的世界,參加OLAY凈白瑩采系列大型新聞發(fā)布會(huì),見(jiàn)證OLAY凈白瑩采系列新品——OLAY透白美肌水凝粉底乳在中國(guó)正式全面上市。在此,我謹(jǐn)代表寶潔公司,對(duì)各位的光臨表示熱烈的歡迎,感謝各位朋友對(duì)OLAY玉蘭油品牌的一貫支持。

      Good afternoon.welcome to the perfect whitening and crystal shining world of “ Decimal System”.thanks for attending the press conference of OLAY white radiance.We?ll witness the launching of a new product of white radiance series——OLAY Translucent Fairness Aqua Foundation in China.please allow me , on behalf of P&G , to extend our warmest welcome to all the guests presenting here today.Unit 6 P1

      Not only are historic stories about food ,wine ,art ,people ,personality, heroes and tragedies all important in making up the cultural map , when presented in a particular way, they can form the basis for many ,many interpretations of the culture and its value thus preserving it and also presenting it in an accessible and understandable way , true to its history ,but relevant to the future.these are exciting concepts and a major opportunity for those seeking to create films , animated presentations and interpretation of historic events , literature and the arts.關(guān)于飲食、酒類、藝術(shù)、民族、人性、英雄和悲劇的歷史故事對(duì)于文化構(gòu)成都是非常重要的。不僅如此,一旦以特別的方式呈現(xiàn),這些因素將構(gòu)成對(duì)文化和價(jià)值多種解讀的基礎(chǔ),保存其價(jià)值并以人們可認(rèn)識(shí)和理解的方式呈現(xiàn)出來(lái),既要忠實(shí)歷史真實(shí),又要聯(lián)系未來(lái)。對(duì)于致力于電影創(chuàng)作、動(dòng)畫設(shè)計(jì)和歷史事件、文學(xué)和藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)的人來(lái)說(shuō),這些無(wú)疑是激動(dòng)人心的概念和巨大的機(jī)遇。

      P2

      Knowing who you are creates a confident basis on which to move forward in the future.And each society needs to have the opportunity to see and sense the important of these exhibits and to have the privilege of knowing who they are by building their sense of identity based on their cultural history.There are opportunities for both the public and private sector to fund these important areas of work and successful business models can be established so that at the very least they are self supporting and in some instances profiting.了解自己的身份形成了自信的基礎(chǔ),在此基礎(chǔ)上可以更好的向未來(lái)前進(jìn)。每個(gè)社會(huì)都需7

      要有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)觀看這些文化陳列品,并理解其重要性,從而有權(quán)利在其文化歷史基礎(chǔ)之上建立身份感,以此來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)自己是誰(shuí)。這位政府和私營(yíng)部門提供了機(jī)會(huì),為這些重要領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行融資。可以建立成功的商業(yè)模式,至少是自給自足。甚至在某些情況下還可以盈利。

      P3

      中國(guó)京劇是中國(guó)的國(guó)粹,已有200多年歷史。其劇目之豐富,表演藝術(shù)家、劇團(tuán)、觀眾之多、影響之深均為全國(guó)之冠。自1919年京劇藝術(shù)大師梅蘭芳先生東渡日本演出后至今,京劇的足跡遍及全球,對(duì)促進(jìn)中西方文化交流,人民友好往來(lái),增進(jìn)團(tuán)結(jié)、友誼做出了卓越的貢獻(xiàn)。

      Beijing opera of china is a national treasure with a history of 200 years.its richness of repertoire , great number of performing artists ,troupes and audience, and profound influence are incomparable in china.since Mei Lanfang , the grand master of Beijing opera ,visited Japan in 1919, Beijing opera has become known all over the world ,and has made remarkable contributions to cultural exchanges between china and the West ,and to the solidarity as well as friendship of the human kind.P4

      中國(guó)少數(shù)民族歌舞團(tuán)友甘肅省甘南藏族自治州歌舞團(tuán),云南省紅河哈尼族彝族自治州歌舞團(tuán)、甘肅省民族民族歌舞團(tuán)、云南省歌舞團(tuán)的25名演員共同組成,來(lái)自中國(guó)8個(gè)民族。中國(guó)少數(shù)民族歌舞團(tuán)為觀眾呈現(xiàn)精心創(chuàng)作、富有濃郁民族風(fēng)格的節(jié)目。您將領(lǐng)略到來(lái)自中國(guó)西部少數(shù)民族藝術(shù)家的風(fēng)采,感受到那里淳樸的民俗、民風(fēng)和民情。

      China Nationalities Song &Dance Troupe is made up of 25 excellent actors and actresses from Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Song & Dance Troupe in Southern Gansu Province ,Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture Song & Dance Troupe in Honghe in Yunnan Province ,Gansu Nationalities Song &Dance Troupe.these performers belong to eight nationalities.China Nationalities Song &Dance Troupe will present audiences with wonderful performances that are carefully produced and have a strong flavor of ethic style.These performances will enable you to appreciate the graceful artistic presentations by ethnic minority artists in western China and understand the unsophisticated customs and ethnic cultures there.Unit 7 Dialogue and cooperation among cultures and civilizations are some of the best ways to further understanding and tolerance among peoples.They help to avoid misunderstandings due to ideological , economic and cultural differences.Mistrust and ignorance among cultures and civilizations can be the source of tensions undermining peace in the world.Given the richness ,diversity and long history of their respective cultures ,Europe and Asia ,determined to promote unity in diversity ,are particularly committed to developing dialogue among their cultures and to protecting and promoting cultural diversity in order to meet positively new globalization related challenges.在文化和文明之間開(kāi)展對(duì)話與合作是不同民族間增進(jìn)理解和包容的最好方式之一,它有助于避免意識(shí)形態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)以及文化差異引起的誤解。不同文化和文明間的互不信任和缺乏了解往往會(huì)造成緊張局面,危及世界和平。歐洲和亞洲各自都有豐富多彩、歷史悠久的文化,有鑒于此,雙方都堅(jiān)定地在多樣化中推動(dòng)統(tǒng)一,致力于在文化間展開(kāi)對(duì)話,保護(hù)和弘揚(yáng)文化多樣性,以積極面對(duì)全球化帶來(lái)的新挑戰(zhàn)。

      P 2 Indian and Iranian civilizations enjoy an ancient coexistance.The two nations have experienced friendly relations at least 3500 years.Both civilizations , with their shared racial origin , descending from the Arany tribes, and the abundant cultural affinities ,played an active role in developing human civilization and neither was considered a “marigal civilization”.In fact ,the civilizations? commonalities are unique and the frequent exchanges of visit by both countries? educated people and common people have led to close relationship between the nations.印度文明和伊朗文明自古以來(lái)就相安共處。3500多年以來(lái),兩國(guó)一直保持著良好的關(guān)系。這兩種文明擁有共同的種族淵源——都起源于亞利安部落和眾多的文化相似性,在人類文明的發(fā)展中起到了積極的作用,都不是“邊緣文化”。事實(shí)上,印度文明和伊朗文明有著許多獨(dú)特的共性,兩國(guó)知識(shí)分子和平民大眾間頻繁互訪也在也在兩國(guó)間建立起了密切聯(lián)系。

      P 3 中國(guó)和南非的友誼源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng),可以追溯到公元16世紀(jì)。自1998年1月1日在中南兩國(guó)建立外交關(guān)系以來(lái),雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作和文化交流受到兩國(guó)政府的高度重視;各種投資及合作項(xiàng)目雨后春筍般地在兩國(guó)生根發(fā)芽。在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展的格局中,中南兩國(guó)之間的巨大互補(bǔ)性使得兩國(guó)之間的交往和交流不僅成為一種可能,而且成為一種必然。

      The friendship between china and south africa can be traced back to the sixth century.after the establishment of the formal diplomatic relationship between china and south africa on january 1,1998,both governments have paid special attention to the bilateral trade cooperation and cultural exchanges.many investment and cooperation projects have been rapidly set up in both countries.with the globalization of the world economy ,the complementation of south africa and china not only makes the cooperation and exchanges between them possible , but also offers a definite historical choice..P 4 金秋十月,肯尼迪中心將帶給您嶄新的中國(guó)表演藝術(shù)和文化體驗(yàn)。擁有上下五千年悠久歷史和13億人的中國(guó),正以驚人的步伐邁入21世紀(jì)。正當(dāng)這充滿活力的中華文明升起并閃耀在世界舞臺(tái)之時(shí),肯尼迪中心的“中國(guó)文化節(jié)”將向您展示這個(gè)國(guó)家傳統(tǒng)與嶄新的面貌,熟悉與神奇的風(fēng)采。

      During the month of october ,the kennedy center is your destnation for a groundbreaking experience in chinese performing arts and culture.rich with 5000 years of history and 1.3 billion people ,china has moved into the 21st century at a breathtaking pace.As this dynamic civilization catapults to promience upon the world stage ,the Kennedy Center?s Fesstival of china revevals fascinating visions of the cuontry that are ancient and new ,familiar and exotic.

      第三篇:英語(yǔ)口譯

      待崗 await job assignment, post-waiting

      待業(yè) job-waiting

      單刀赴會(huì) start a solo run

      單循環(huán)制 single round-robin system

      彈性工資 flexible pay

      彈性外交 elastic diplomacy

      黨群關(guān)系 Party-masses relationship

      黨政機(jī)關(guān) Party and government organizations

      倒春寒 unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring

      倒計(jì)時(shí) countdown

      倒票 speculative reselling of tickets

      倒?fàn)?profiteer

      搗漿糊 give the runaround

      盜版VCD pirated VCD

      盜打(電話)free call on somebody else's expense through illegal means

      盜用公款 embezzlement

      等外品 off-grade goods, rejects

      鄧小平外交思想 Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts

      低調(diào) low keyed(a metaphor for taking a cautious and slow approach)

      地方保護(hù)主義 regional protectionism

      地方財(cái)政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances

      地球村 global village

      地區(qū)差異 regional disparity

      地?zé)豳Y源 geothermal resources

      地市級(jí)城市 prefecture-level city

      第二產(chǎn)業(yè) secondary industry

      第二上市 secondary listing

      第三產(chǎn)業(yè) tertiary industry; service sector

      第三代移動(dòng)電話(3G手機(jī))third generation mobile; 3G mobile

      第一發(fā)球權(quán) first inning

      第一發(fā)球員 first server

      第一雙打 first pair

      點(diǎn)球 penalty kick

      點(diǎn)子公司 consultancy company 復(fù)式住宅duplex apartment; compound apartment(a type of residential housing that maximizes usable space by increasing the number of the story building)

      覆蓋率 coverage rate

      改制上市:An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.干部隊(duì)伍革命化、年輕化、知識(shí)化、專業(yè)化 make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent

      尷尬,困境,糟糕 pretty pass

      感謝款待的信 a bread and butter letter(a letter sent as thanks for being treated well as someone's guest)

      港人治港 Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong

      高層次、全方位的對(duì)話 high-level and all-directional dialogue

      高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì) high yield and high quality

      高度自治 high degree of autonomy

      高杠桿交易機(jī)構(gòu) highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)

      高官會(huì) Senior Officials Meeting(SOM)

      高級(jí)商務(wù)師 Certified Business Executive

      高架公路 elevated highway; overhead road

      高科技板塊 high-tech sector

      高難度動(dòng)作 stunner, stunt

      高清晰度 high definition

      高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū) high and new technology industrial development zone

      個(gè)人收入應(yīng)稅申報(bào)制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment

      個(gè)人自掃門前雪,莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one‘s own potatoes

      各大菜系 major styles of cooking

      各盡所能let each person do his best; from each according to his ability

      各就各位On your marks!“

      根本政治制度 fundamental political system

      跟蹤審計(jì) follow-up auditing

      工程公司 engineering company

      工商局 industrial and commercial bureau

      工薪階層 salariat; state employee; salaried person

      工業(yè)控制一體化integrated industrial control; industrial control of integration

      工業(yè)園區(qū) industrial park

      公費(fèi)醫(yī)療 medical services at state expense

      公告板服務(wù) Bulletin Board Service(BBS)

      公積金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds

      公檢法 public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts

      公開(kāi)喊價(jià)市場(chǎng) open outcry markets

      公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds

      公路隔離帶 median

      公司分立與解散 separation and dissolution of a company緝毒隊(duì) narcotics squad

      緝私力量 the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling

      激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng) cut-throat competition

      吉尼斯世界記錄 Guinness(Book of Records)

      吉祥物 mascot

      集體婚禮 collective wedding ceremony

      集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去 go all out for economic development

      計(jì)劃單列市 city specifically designated in the state plan

      計(jì)劃生育責(zé)任制 responsibility system of family planning

      計(jì)算機(jī)輔助教學(xué) computer-assisted instruction(CAI)

      計(jì)算機(jī)中央處理器 central processing unit(CPU)

      記者席 press box

      技術(shù)產(chǎn)權(quán)交易所 technology equity market; technology property right exchange

      技術(shù)交底 confide a technological secret to somebody

      技術(shù)密集產(chǎn)品 technology-intensive product

      技術(shù)下鄉(xiāng) spread technological knowledge to farmers

      既成事實(shí)fait accompli(noun)

      既往不咎, 忘掉舊嫌 let bygones be bygones

      加班 work extra shifts

      加密 encrypt

      加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

      加權(quán)平均值 weighted average

      家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制 the household contract responsibility system

      家族企業(yè) family firm

      嘉賓 distinguished guest, honored guest

      甲骨文 inscriptions on animal bones or tortoise shells

      假唱 lip-synch

      假動(dòng)作 deception, feint

      假日經(jīng)濟(jì) holiday economy

      尖端產(chǎn)品 highly sophisticated products

      堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)一,反對(duì)分裂,增加了解,化解歧見(jiàn) persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences

      監(jiān)督部門 watchdog

      減負(fù) alleviate burdens on sb.減速玻璃(汽車)decelerating glass

      減員增效 downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency

      剪彩 cut the ribbon

      剪刀差 the scissors gap between the prices of …… and ……

      江南水鄉(xiāng) the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River

      講誠(chéng)信,反欺詐: honor credibility and oppose cheating

      降落傘候選人,外來(lái)候選人(應(yīng)召而來(lái)參加本人非所在地區(qū)競(jìng)選的政黨候選人)parachute candidate

      僥幸球 fluke

      腳踩兩只船 sit on the fence

      腳踏實(shí)地 be down-to-earth

      教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people

      教學(xué)法 pedagogy; teaching method

      教育部社政司 Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department of the Ministry of Education

      接口 interface

      街道企業(yè) neighborhood enterprise 街心花園 park at an intersection; garden in the city center

      節(jié)奏布魯斯音樂(lè)(RMB音樂(lè))rhythm blues

      結(jié)售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales

      解放生產(chǎn)力 emancipate the productive forces

      解放思想、實(shí)事求是的思想路線 ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts

      解困基金 anti-poverty funds

      戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center

      戒急用忍 overcome impetuosity and exercise patience; no haste, be patient

      金本位 gold standard

      金邊債券 gilt-edged bonds

      金降落傘 golden parachute

      金融電子化 computerize financial services

      金融危機(jī) financial crisis

      金稅工程 Golden Tax Project

      金無(wú)足赤, 人無(wú)完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.緊箍咒 inhibiting magic phrase

      緊密型企業(yè)集團(tuán) tightly-knit groups of enterprises

      緊追 cling to, shadow, thunder on one's trail

      勁射 power shot

      近海漁業(yè) offshore fishery

      近水樓臺(tái)先得月 First come, first served; A water-front pavilion gets the moonlight first——the advantage of being in a favored position.進(jìn)出口商會(huì) chamber of import and export trade

      進(jìn)口滲透 import penetration

      進(jìn)修班 class for further studies

      禁漁期 closed fishing seasons

      禁止在任何地方、任何環(huán)境進(jìn)行一切方式的釋放核能的核武器試驗(yàn)保爆炸 prohibit any nuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment

      京劇票友 Peking Opera fan

      京劇人物臉譜 types of facial make-up in Beijing opera

      經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目順差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account

      經(jīng)常性貸款 commercial lending

      經(jīng)常性支出 running expenses

      經(jīng)濟(jì)林 cash tree

      經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化 economic globalization; economic integration

      經(jīng)濟(jì)失調(diào)指數(shù) misery index

      經(jīng)濟(jì)頭腦 commercially minded people; people with business sense

      經(jīng)營(yíng)管理高度科學(xué)化的現(xiàn)代化大企業(yè) modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system

      精簡(jiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) streamline government organs

      精品 competitive products

      景泰藍(lán) cloisonné

      敬業(yè)精神 professional dedication; professional ethics

      九五攻關(guān) State Key Task 95

      居委會(huì) neighborhood committee; residents' committee

      局域網(wǎng) local area network(LAN)

      舉報(bào)電話 informants' hot-line telephone

      拒載 refuse to take passengers

      君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green 虧損企業(yè) enterprises running in the red/under deficit

      困難職工 the needy

      擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需 to expand domestic demand

      垃圾債券 junk bond

      拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) fuel economic growth

      拉關(guān)系 try to curry favor with

      拉拉隊(duì) cheering squad

      拉拉隊(duì)長(zhǎng) cheer-leader, rooter king

      拉尼娜現(xiàn)象 La Nina phenomenon

      來(lái)電顯示電話機(jī) caller ID telephone

      來(lái)料加工 process materials supplied by clients; accept customers' materials for processing

      藍(lán)籌股 blue chips

      勞動(dòng)合同制 labor contract system

      老少邊窮地區(qū) former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities, remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas

      老生常談,陳詞濫調(diào) cut and dried

      老字號(hào) an old and famous shop or enterprise

      籬笆墻 barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading

      禮尚往來(lái) Courtesy calls for reciprocity.禮儀小姐 ritual girl

      理貨公司 tally company

      立體農(nóng)業(yè) three-dimensional agriculture

      利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery

      利好因素 wrinkle

      利基 niche

      連帶責(zé)任 joint liability

      聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制 system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output; contract system with remuneration linked to output

      聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)費(fèi) the UN membership dues

      聯(lián)合兼并 conglomeration and merger of enterprises

      聯(lián)合聯(lián)絡(luò)小組 joint liaison group

      聯(lián)合投標(biāo) syndicated tender

      聯(lián)想集團(tuán) Legend Group

      廉潔奉公,以正治國(guó)(of an official)clean and devoted, and govern the state with his own example of uprightness

      廉政、勤政、務(wù)實(shí)、高效政府 an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government

      廉政建設(shè) construction of a clean and honest administration

      練攤 to be a vendor

      良性循環(huán) virtuous circle

      糧食收購(gòu)部門(government's)grain procurement(purchasing)agencies

      糧油關(guān)系:grain and oil rationing registration

      兩岸直航促進(jìn)會(huì) Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation

      兩彈一艇 A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine

      兩個(gè)對(duì)等的政治實(shí)體 ”two equal political entities

      兩個(gè)文明一起抓 place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress

      兩手抓兩手都要硬 We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and spiritual civilization(both material as well as culture and ideological progress)without any letup.兩思(致富思源,富而思進(jìn))to think of the source of getting rich and of making progress after becoming affluence

      兩院院士academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering

      劣等品shoddy goods; substandard goods

      獵頭公司 head-hunting company

      臨時(shí)主教練 caretaker coach

      零配件 spare and accessory parts

      領(lǐng)頭羊 bellwether 男高音演唱家 tenorist

      男權(quán)主義思想 male chauvinism

      南水北調(diào)工程 divert water from the south to the north project

      難得糊涂 Where ignorance is bliss, it's folly to be wise.囊括 complete a sweep

      鬧情緒 be disgruntled; be in a fit of pique

      能官能民 be ready to both serve as an official and be one of the common people

      能進(jìn)能出,能上能下competent to work both at the top and at the grass roots

      能上網(wǎng)的手機(jī) WAP phone

      泥菩薩過(guò)河 like a clay Buddha fording the river-hardly able to save oneself; each one is looking out for his own survival

      年同比 year-on-year; on an annual basis

      年夜飯 family reunion dinner

      扭轉(zhuǎn)局面 reverse the tide, turn the table

      農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力 surplus rural labor(laborers)

      農(nóng)工商聯(lián)合企業(yè) agro-industrial-commercial combines

      偶像 idol

      派出所 local police station

      跑龍?zhí)?utility man, play a bit role, general handyman

      泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì) bubble economy

      配股 allotment of shares

      配套政策 supporting policies

      棚戶 shacks; family that live in shacks

      碰釘子 get snubbed

      碰頭會(huì) brief meeting(A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)

      皮包公司 bogus company

      疲軟股票 soft stock

      啤酒肚 beer belly

      騙匯、逃匯、套匯 obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

      票販子 scalper, ticket tout

      票房 box office

      貧富懸殊 polarization of rich and poor

      貧鈾彈 depleted uranium bomb

      平均主義 equalitarianism

      平面設(shè)計(jì)師 graphic designer

      平時(shí)不燒香,臨時(shí)抱佛腳 never burn incense when all is well, but clasp Buddha's feet when in distress

      評(píng)頭論足 nit-pick

      瓶頸制約 “bottleneck” restrictions

      撲網(wǎng)(體)rush-up, rushing

      普選制 general election system

      期房 forward delivery housing

      騎警 horseback police

      旗袍 cheong-sam; Chi-pao

      企業(yè)孵化器 enterprise incubator

      企業(yè)集團(tuán)的松散層 loose level(of an enterprise group)

      企業(yè)文化 corporate culture

      起跑器 block

      洽談會(huì) fair, meeting

      千禧嬰兒 millennium infant; millennium baby

      強(qiáng)化班 intensive training program/class

      搶跑 false start, beat the gun

      敲竹杠make somebody pay through the nose; put the lug on; rob by a trick 適度從緊的財(cái)政政策 moderately tight financial policy

      適銷對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品 readily marketable products

      適者生存survival of the fittest

      收購(gòu)兼并M&A(merger and acquisition)

      收入 invisible income; off-payroll income; side money

      收視率 audience ratings; television viewing

      手機(jī)入網(wǎng)費(fèi) mobile access fee

      首創(chuàng)精神 pioneering spirit

      首航 maiden voyage(of an aircraft or ship)

      首期按揭 down-payment

      受災(zāi)地區(qū) disaster-affected are

      售后服務(wù) after-sale services

      授信額度 line of credit

      樹(shù)立企業(yè)良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image

      刷卡, 劃卡 to punch the card; to stamp the card

      甩賣 clearance sale; be on sale

      涮羊肉 instant-boiled mutton

      雙刃劍 double-edged sword

      雙向選擇 two-way selection, referring to employer and employee choosing each other in a job market

      水貨 smuggled goods

      水墨畫 Chinese brush drawing; ink and wash painting

      碩博聯(lián)讀 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study

      司儀 MC(master of ceremonies)

      思鄉(xiāng)曲 Nostalgia

      思想僵鐵 fossilized concept

      死機(jī) system halted

      四大金剛 Four Heavenly Guardians at the entrance to a Buddhism temple; Four Devarajas

      四個(gè)如何認(rèn)識(shí)(江澤民提出并闡述的如何認(rèn)識(shí)社會(huì)主義發(fā)展的歷史進(jìn)程、如何認(rèn)識(shí)資本主義發(fā)展的歷史進(jìn)程、如何認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義改革實(shí)踐過(guò)程對(duì)人們思想的影響、如何認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)今的國(guó)際環(huán)境和國(guó)際政治斗爭(zhēng)帶來(lái)的影響等當(dāng)前直接影響干部群眾思想活動(dòng)的重大問(wèn)題。)In his important address to the Central Ideological and Political Work Conference, Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin expounds on how to understand the historical process of socialist development; how to understand the historical process of capitalist development; how to understand the impact of China's socialist reform over the people's thinking; how to understand the impact of the current international environment and political struggle.四十不惑 Life begins at forty.四項(xiàng)基本原則 the Four Cardinal Principles of adherence to the socialist road, the people's democratic dictatorship, the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought

      素質(zhì)教育 education for all-around development, quality-oriented education

      隨行就市 prices fluctuating in response to market conditions

      臺(tái)獨(dú) 'independence of Taiwan'

      臺(tái)灣當(dāng)局 Taiwan authorities

      臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)領(lǐng)土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.臺(tái)灣同胞 Taiwan compatriots 息事寧人 pour oil on troubled waters

      洗錢 money laundering

      喜憂參半 mingled hope and fear

      下放權(quán)力給 delegating the management of ??(to ??)

      下崗職工 laid-off workers

      下海 plunge into the commercial sea

      下網(wǎng) off line

      下游行業(yè) downstream industry

      險(xiǎn)勝 cliff-hanging win, narrow victory, nose out

      縣改市county upgraded to city

      縣級(jí)市county-level city

      現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度 modern enterprise system; modern corporate system

      線下商貿(mào)運(yùn)作 offline business operation

      香格里拉 Shangri-la

      向錢看 mammonism, put money above all

      項(xiàng)目立項(xiàng) approve and initiate a project

      項(xiàng)目申報(bào) project application

      項(xiàng)目預(yù)算 project budget

      項(xiàng)目支持 project support

      削減戰(zhàn)略核武器會(huì)談 strategic arms reduction talks(START)

      消費(fèi)信貸 consumer credit services

      消費(fèi)者權(quán)益日/International Day for Consumers' Rights and Interests

      消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì) consumers' association

      小康 a comfortable level of living; a better-off life; moderate prosperity

      小康之家 well-off family

      小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì) small-scale peasant economy; autarkical small-scale farming

      效益工資achievements-related wages; wages based on benefits

      效益農(nóng)業(yè) profitable agriculture

      寫真集 special album of photos for kids, women or weddings

      心理素質(zhì) psychological quality

      新寵 new favorite

      新干線 the Shinkansen, bullet train

      新官上任三把火 a new broom sweeps clean

      新新人類 New Human Being;X Generation

      新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star

      信、達(dá)、雅(嚴(yán)復(fù):翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn))faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance

      信貸支持 credit aid

      信息港 infoport; cyber port

      信息化 information-based; informationization

      信用緊縮 credit crunch

      信用危機(jī)credit crisis 1.My time is your time.請(qǐng)你吩咐!

      2.My hands are tied.我很忙,無(wú)能為力。3.To make a long story short.長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)。4.It's a date.一言為定。

      5.That's a steal.真便宜。

      6.She has no sense.她不懂事。

      7.It's not big deal.沒(méi)什么了不起。

      8.What's the fuss? 吵什么?

      9.Don't push me.別逼我。

      10.Have a good of it.玩得高興。

      11.Go down to business.言歸正傳。

      12.Does it serve your purpose.對(duì)你有用么

      13.It's long story.一言難盡。

      14.Don't play possum.別裝蒜!

      15.Make it up.不計(jì)前嫌。

      16.Don't over do it.別太過(guò)分了。

      17.You want a bet? 想打賭嗎?

      18.Who wants? 誰(shuí)稀罕?

      19.December heartbeat.黃昏戀

      20.Follow my nose.憑直覺(jué)

      21.Cheap skate.小氣鬼!

      22.Big mouth.多嘴。

      23.I'm going to go.我這就去。

      24.can-do 能人

      25.Leave me alone.別理我。

      26.Don't pass the buck.不要推卸責(zé)任

      27.I can't put up with her.我受不了她。

      28.She is just thick-skinned.她真是厚臉皮。

      29.I see eye to eye with you.我與你的意見(jiàn)一致。

      30.We are on good terms.我們關(guān)系很好。

      31.Many people.many tastes.各有所好。

      32.One man's meat is another man's poison.對(duì)一個(gè)好的事對(duì)另外的人并不是好事。

      33.Many hands make light work.人多好干活。

      34.I won't live on the handouts of other people.我不會(huì)靠人家的施舍過(guò)活。

      35.He is on his high horse these days.他這幾天有點(diǎn)趾高氣昂。

      36.You give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸進(jìn)尺。

      37.He is a fast talker.他是個(gè)吹牛大王。

      38.I can't make two ends meet.青黃不接 月光一族。39.None of your keyhole.不準(zhǔn)偷看。

      40.I am totally messed up.我心亂了。造假帳 falsified accounts

      齋月 Ramadan

      債轉(zhuǎn)股 debt-to-equity swap

      沾光 benefit from one's association

      戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系 strategic partnership

      站票 standing-room-only ticket

      站臺(tái)票 platform ticket

      漲落線 advance balance line

      掌上電腦 palm computer

      招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制 the system of public bidding for project

      招股說(shuō)明書prospectus

      招商引資 attract/bid for/invite investments(from overseas)

      招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo)辦公室 enrolment and vocation guidance office

      真空包裝 vacuum packing

      真善美 the true, the good and the beautiful; truth, good and beauty

      正式照會(huì) formal note

      證券營(yíng)業(yè)部 stock exchange; security exchange

      政策性住房 policy-related house, policy-based house

      政府搭臺(tái),部門推動(dòng),企業(yè)唱戲 Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the show.政府上網(wǎng)工程Government Online Project

      政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變 transform/shift the government functions

      政企不分 without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up

      政企分開(kāi) separate government functions from enterprise management

      政務(wù)公開(kāi) make government affairs public

      政治迫害 political prosecution; witch hunt

      政治協(xié)商、民主監(jiān)督、參政議政 exercise political consultation and democratic supervision and participate in deliberating and administration of state affairs

      支原體 mycoplasma

      知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property rights

      知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy

      直播 live broadcast, live telecast

      職務(wù)犯罪 crime by taking advantage of duty

      職業(yè)經(jīng)理人 professional manager

      致命要害 Achilles' heel

      智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive

      智囊團(tuán)、思想庫(kù) the brain trust;think tank

      中關(guān)村科技園區(qū) Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park

      中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)景氣監(jiān)測(cè)中心 China Economic Monitoring Center

      中國(guó)新經(jīng)濟(jì)峰會(huì) China New Economy Summit

      中國(guó)新聞出版報(bào)社 China Press and Publication News

      中華人民共和國(guó)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法 Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests

      中華世紀(jì)壇 China Millennium Monument

      中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Medical Association

      中介 intermediary agent

      中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone

      中美戰(zhàn)略核武器互不瞄準(zhǔn)對(duì)方 non-targeting strategic nuclear weapons against each other

      中外合資企業(yè)Sino-foreign joint ventures

      中外合作企業(yè)(項(xiàng)目)cooperative businesses(projects)

      中下層南方共和黨人(美國(guó))pickup-truck Republican

      中央大型企業(yè)工委:Central Work Committee for Large Enterprises

      中央國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān) China's State organs

      中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議 the Central Economic Working Conference

      中央商務(wù)區(qū) central business district(CBD)

      中專生 secondary specialized or technical school student

      眾口難調(diào) It is difficult to cater to all tastes.; One man's meat is another man's poison.重點(diǎn)發(fā)展 prioritize

      重復(fù)建設(shè) building redundant project; duplication of similar projects

      第四篇:英語(yǔ)口譯

      口譯

      漢譯英史密斯先生,我叫Linda,是華為公司的。您的飛機(jī)旅行一路還好嗎?我現(xiàn)在帶你去酒店。您是第一次來(lái)蘇州吧。蘇州以園林為名世界,城市很漂亮。希望你在蘇州過(guò)得愉快。我們的業(yè)務(wù)會(huì)議是明天上午十點(diǎn),在我們公司。明天早上我會(huì)來(lái)接你去我們公司。明天見(jiàn)。

      Mr.Smith, I'm called, is huawei.Your plane travel all the way? Now I take you to the hotel.Is this your first time to suzhou it.Suzhou garden name in the world, the city is very beautiful.Hope you enjoy in suzhou.Our business is the meeting tomorrow morning at ten o 'clock, in our company.I'll come to pick you up tomorrow morning to our company.See you tomorrow.我們公司主要生產(chǎn)洗衣機(jī)和微波爐等家用電器,現(xiàn)有400多員工。我們產(chǎn)品目前全部出口,銷往很多國(guó)家,如美國(guó)、澳大利亞、新加坡、埃及、利比亞等。我們很希望和你們建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。今天下午安排你們參觀我們的工廠,您看可以嗎?

      our company mainly produces washing machines and microwave oven and other home appliances, the existing 400 employees.Our products are sold to all export at present, many countries, such as the United States, Australia, Singapore, Egypt and Libya, etc.We wish to establish business relationship with you.Arrange this afternoon you visit our factory, you see?

      您能來(lái)北京我們很高興,尤其是我們能夠達(dá)成協(xié)議,真是非常高興。很遺憾您此次的行程非常緊張,不然的話,我們非常希望能帶您參觀一下北京的名勝古跡。

      could you come to Beijing we very happy, especially we can reach agreement, is really very happy.Unfortunately you this trip very nervous, otherwise, we very much hope you can visit Beijing places of historic interest.我對(duì)這種款式的皮鞋很感興趣。到紐約的到岸價(jià)是多少?給我們的傭金是多少?如果我訂500雙,你們能在兩個(gè)月內(nèi)發(fā)貨嗎?

      I to this type of leather shoes very interested.To New York cif? To our commission is how much? If I order 500 pairs, can you in two months after delivery? 請(qǐng)您盡管放心,我們會(huì)保證質(zhì)量。我們有嚴(yán)格的質(zhì)量管理程序。

      please you can count that we would guarantee the quality.We have strict quality management program.口譯

      英譯漢Mr.Smith, here is our tentative itinerary for you.We have a tight schedule for your brief visit.I hope you don’t mind.Tomorrow morning at 9 o’clock, I will come to meet you at the lobby.Our General Manager is expecting your visit to our company.史密斯先生,這是我們初步擬定的活動(dòng)安排。我們?yōu)槟才诺娜粘毯芫o你短暫的訪問(wèn)。我希望你不要介意。明天上午9點(diǎn),我會(huì)來(lái)接你的,在大堂。我們的總經(jīng)理期待您的我們公司參觀。Most Americans eat breakfast and lunch simply and quickly, unless it is a business luncheon or family occasion.Fast-food restaurants are very popular because the service is fast and the food is inexpensive.大多數(shù)美國(guó)人吃早餐和午餐簡(jiǎn)單快速,除非它是一個(gè)商業(yè)午餐或家庭的場(chǎng)合。速食餐館很受歡迎,因?yàn)榉?wù)很快,食物是很便宜。One of the most difficult problems for foreign investors in China is balancing foreign exchange.GE deals with this issue in a number of ways, couter-trade, exports,etc.I am particularly interested in the holding company idea.最困難的問(wèn)題之一,外商在中國(guó)是使外匯收支平衡。GE處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法,couter-trade多、出口等。我特別感興趣的控股公司的想法。Most of the machines here were imported by our company.The assembly line and the mechanical tools are imported from Germany.We spent over 5 million RMB for the equipment.這里的機(jī)器的大部分是由我們公司進(jìn)口的。裝配線以及機(jī)械工具是德國(guó)進(jìn)口。我們花了500萬(wàn)元的設(shè)備。Siemens maintains its own production facilities in 35 countries and operates a world-wide sales network..With more thatn 30,000employees, it’s one of the largest companies in the world electrical and electronics industry.西門子公司在35個(gè)國(guó)家擁有生產(chǎn)設(shè)施和經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)全球性的銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)。有更多的中30000名員工,其中一個(gè)最大的公司在世界電氣和電子行業(yè)。

      第五篇:英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      A.課程目標(biāo)

      與以往英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱把 “掌握語(yǔ)言基本知識(shí)和基本技能”放在課程任務(wù)或教學(xué)目的的首

      位不同,新制定的英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)把 “激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣,使學(xué)生樹(shù)立自信心,養(yǎng)

      成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣和形成有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略,發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力和合作精神” 放在首位.學(xué)生在校學(xué)習(xí)主要是 “學(xué)會(huì)如何學(xué)習(xí)”, 為真正實(shí)現(xiàn)終身學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)造條件.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)學(xué)科積極的情感和正確的態(tài)度,即是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的興趣,信心,策略和習(xí)慣..改變課程過(guò)于注重知識(shí)傳授的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)形成積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度.分級(jí)目標(biāo)體系(體現(xiàn)整體性,靈活性和開(kāi)放性)

      解決學(xué)校之間缺乏銜接,保證英語(yǔ)教學(xué)連續(xù)性,各地發(fā)展不平衡的矛盾.九級(jí): 小學(xué)3 – 6年, 二級(jí);初中3年, 五級(jí);高中3年, 八級(jí).(九級(jí)為外語(yǔ)學(xué)校)

      每一級(jí)級(jí)別均以學(xué)生語(yǔ)言技能,語(yǔ)言知識(shí),情感態(tài)度,學(xué)習(xí)策略和文化意識(shí)五個(gè)方面的綜合行為表現(xiàn)

      進(jìn)行總體描述.課程改革是一個(gè)艱苦的, 細(xì)致的過(guò)程,甚至是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的,反復(fù)的過(guò)程.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)處于實(shí)驗(yàn)期,尚待修改充實(shí)和完善,使之更符合英語(yǔ)教育實(shí)際,更具有可操作性..B內(nèi)容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與分析

      a)語(yǔ)言技能: 綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力(聽(tīng),說(shuō),讀,寫的語(yǔ)言技能是重要基礎(chǔ))

      聽(tīng)讀:(外部語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換為內(nèi)部語(yǔ)言)注意力集中于 “內(nèi)容”;

      說(shuō)寫:(內(nèi)部語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換為外部語(yǔ)言)注意力集中于 “表達(dá)”(遣詞造句等)

      初學(xué)者開(kāi)始階段: 大量信息輸入, 內(nèi)部語(yǔ)言理解吸收加工,轉(zhuǎn)化為外部語(yǔ)言.口頭語(yǔ)言(聽(tīng)

      說(shuō)),逐步增加語(yǔ)言輸入(閱讀)…

      任務(wù)型教學(xué)---有目的的綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的活動(dòng).新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以人為本, 遵循“為用而學(xué),在用中學(xué),學(xué)了就用” 的原則.各級(jí)目標(biāo)以學(xué)生“能做什么” 形式具體描述該級(jí)目標(biāo)聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫基本技能操作性要求.b)語(yǔ)言知識(shí): 使學(xué)生掌握一定的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是課程的基本目標(biāo)之一,包括語(yǔ)言,詞匯,語(yǔ)

      法,功能, 和話題五個(gè)方面.知識(shí)與技能的關(guān)系:

      英語(yǔ)課程必須堅(jiān)持實(shí)踐性原則,應(yīng)立足于語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐活動(dòng),杜絕單純傳授講解語(yǔ)言知識(shí)做

      法.采用提示,注意和觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn),分析,歸納.對(duì)比,總結(jié)方式進(jìn)行,并有意識(shí)組織學(xué)生參與

      至上

      述過(guò)程之中.不可過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào) “習(xí)得”式的學(xué)習(xí)(兒童出生后不久掌握母語(yǔ))及死記硬背,機(jī)械操練的教學(xué)傾向.用 “學(xué)會(huì)使用”代替以往的"掌握”,突出語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用.c)情感態(tài)度:影響學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展的重要因素。

      包括: 動(dòng)機(jī)興趣,自信意志,合作精神,祖國(guó)意識(shí),國(guó)際視野

      語(yǔ)言功能---(通過(guò)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)及傳遞)促進(jìn)人際交往---涉及情感態(tài)度

      解決情感問(wèn)題有助于提高語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的效果.積極情感:興趣,動(dòng)機(jī),自信,意志和合作精神

      消極情感:焦慮,抑制,過(guò)于內(nèi)向,害羞,膽怯,缺乏動(dòng)機(jī)等.學(xué)生的興趣(內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)---對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容及任務(wù)的濃厚興趣,持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng).)

      自信心及克服困難的意志:“我能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)”.課堂是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)參與者(教師與學(xué)生)活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所.當(dāng)今的語(yǔ)言教學(xué)在很大程度上依賴于學(xué)習(xí)者與學(xué)習(xí)者之間以及學(xué)習(xí)者與教師之間的團(tuán)結(jié),合作與相互支持的人際關(guān)系,且時(shí)時(shí)刻刻受到彼此情感的影響.課堂上情感問(wèn)題關(guān)系到課堂氣氛,關(guān)系到課堂活動(dòng)方式和學(xué)習(xí)效果.建立良好的師生關(guān)系,建立交流和溝通渠道,經(jīng)常結(jié)合討論情感態(tài)度的問(wèn)題, 幫助學(xué)生克服

      困難(過(guò)度焦慮,抑制等)

      d)學(xué)習(xí)策略:提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效率和發(fā)展其自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的保證。

      使用有效的外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略,可改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)方式,提高學(xué)習(xí)效果和質(zhì)量,還可以減輕學(xué)生

      負(fù)擔(dān),幫助學(xué)習(xí)有困難的學(xué)生解決問(wèn)題-----有利于學(xué)生形成自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。

      學(xué)習(xí)策略 ≠ 學(xué)習(xí)方法

      學(xué)習(xí)方法: 學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中處理具體問(wèn)題的技術(shù)或技巧。(如學(xué)生詞:查,測(cè),問(wèn),忽略等)學(xué)習(xí)策略: 何時(shí)選擇和使用學(xué)習(xí)方法,對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)方法的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。

      學(xué)習(xí)策略可分為:

      認(rèn)知策略, 為解決具體學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題而采取的學(xué)習(xí)策略,即學(xué)生為完成具體學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)而采用的步驟和方法.幫助學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)材料進(jìn)行加工和處理,對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)成效有直接作用.調(diào)控策略: 幫助學(xué)生對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行管理,計(jì)劃和評(píng)價(jià),是善于學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生不可或缺的學(xué)習(xí)策略.資源策略: 幫助學(xué)生擴(kuò)展學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容,豐富學(xué)習(xí)手段,強(qiáng)化和補(bǔ)充學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí),是學(xué)生自主性學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)有的技

      能.交際策略: 其使用主要體現(xiàn)在口語(yǔ)交際中,目前,由于成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定以書面測(cè)試為主,口語(yǔ)能力還未能作為英語(yǔ)成績(jī)的一部分,故交際策略還不能較好地預(yù)測(cè)成績(jī),各種策略對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)都有重要影響, 是預(yù)測(cè)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)的重要因素

      反思,監(jiān)控(分階段)---根據(jù)學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格調(diào)整---注重交流,相互學(xué)習(xí)---教師指導(dǎo)。e)文化意識(shí):文化知識(shí),文化理解,跨文化交際意識(shí)和能力。

      使用英語(yǔ)時(shí)根據(jù)異國(guó)文化調(diào)整自己的語(yǔ)言理解(聽(tīng),讀)和語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)出(讀,寫,譯)的自

      覺(jué)性。

      在教學(xué)中,教師應(yīng)注意讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)不同場(chǎng)合使用恰當(dāng),得體,真實(shí),地道的英語(yǔ)。

      情感態(tài)度是影響學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展的重要因素,而學(xué)習(xí)策略是提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率和發(fā)

      展其自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的保證.*** 一份調(diào)查得出的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明:

      對(duì)情感態(tài)度影響較大的因素之一是性別,女生對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的情感態(tài)度較男生更為積極,這可

      能與社會(huì)性別期待和職業(yè)傾向有關(guān).高分組的學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度比低分組的學(xué)生更積極,這說(shuō)明學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)可能是影響情感

      態(tài)度的另一原因.男女生在策略的使用和選擇上有很大的差別.女生比男生使用更多的學(xué)習(xí)策略,這種使用策

      略方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)也正是女生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)優(yōu)于男生的重要原因之一.就學(xué)校類型而言,不同類型學(xué)校的學(xué)生其學(xué)習(xí)策略總體上沒(méi)有顯著差別,這可能是學(xué)習(xí)策略

      主要屬于學(xué)習(xí)者的個(gè)體行為,與學(xué)校的類型沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系.C.實(shí)施建設(shè):

      a)教學(xué)建議:

      “ 面向全體學(xué)生,為學(xué)生全面發(fā)展和終身發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ).”----教改核心思想.既為具有英語(yǔ)特長(zhǎng)(學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)優(yōu)秀)學(xué)生全面發(fā)展考慮,也為不具備英語(yǔ)特長(zhǎng)(學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)提高較慢)學(xué)生全面發(fā)展考慮.教師永遠(yuǎn)要重視學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)過(guò)程,在此過(guò)程中關(guān)注每個(gè)學(xué)生的發(fā)展.以往外語(yǔ)教學(xué)中重知識(shí),輕情感的情況應(yīng)得到糾正,取而代之的應(yīng)是重視和努力嘗試以情優(yōu)

      教和以情促知.*課堂設(shè)計(jì): 要能基本滿足不同層次學(xué)生的需求,要分析每節(jié)課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,分析所教學(xué)生.只有課堂的多樣化,才能讓不同層次學(xué)生獲得積極參與的機(jī)會(huì).讓學(xué)生每堂課均有所收獲.按層分班, 分層教案,分層作業(yè)..(《英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀》案例P.93-96)

      *學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程的失誤和錯(cuò)誤寬容度:

      錯(cuò)誤常出: 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)過(guò)程中不可逾越環(huán)節(jié),沒(méi)此過(guò)程不能達(dá)到流利程度.教師正確語(yǔ)言熏陶,學(xué)生有足夠的實(shí)踐的量,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生大膽使用英語(yǔ).交流時(shí), 寬待 “支離破碎” 的英語(yǔ);以語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)為目的時(shí), “嚴(yán)式”.*留出學(xué)生的充分表現(xiàn)和自我發(fā)展空間:

      教師必須減少講解比例 – 掃清障礙,化解難點(diǎn),加深印象,夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ),不要輕易直接告訴學(xué)

      生應(yīng)該說(shuō)什么.*強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣: 既無(wú)樂(lè)趣又看不到成就的學(xué)習(xí), 縱反復(fù)刺激仍記不牢.學(xué)習(xí)效果也不

      好.簡(jiǎn)言之,凡學(xué)生能自己獨(dú)立做的事都留給學(xué)生.留有空間和時(shí)間去選擇, 思考,實(shí)踐,體驗(yàn),感悟,創(chuàng)造和應(yīng)用.不要什么都由老師去灌輸,擺布.b)任務(wù)型教學(xué): 指一種教學(xué)原則或理念,不是一種具體的教學(xué)方法.以應(yīng)用為動(dòng)力,為目的,為核心的教學(xué)途徑,即 “為用而學(xué), 用中學(xué), 學(xué)了就用”.任務(wù)型教學(xué)---任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)型: 雙邊或多邊交互式活動(dòng).每個(gè)學(xué)生扮演角色等.教師設(shè)計(jì)具

      體任務(wù),學(xué)生小組活動(dòng),解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題.教師的角色: 交給學(xué)生獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)的技巧,活動(dòng)中對(duì)學(xué)生交際過(guò)程起促進(jìn)作用,活動(dòng)的參與者,充當(dāng)學(xué)生的 “活字典”, “資料庫(kù)”.(《英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀》案例: P.112 – 115)

      c)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之變化及對(duì)教師的影響::

      *常規(guī)課堂的變化---互動(dòng)的課堂模式,提倡開(kāi)放的學(xué)習(xí)方式,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性地應(yīng)用語(yǔ)

      言.“互動(dòng),開(kāi)放,創(chuàng)造”營(yíng)造平等民主寬松的課堂氛圍,讓學(xué)生獲得相當(dāng)大的主動(dòng)權(quán).學(xué)生會(huì)把不

      為教師所知的知識(shí)帶到課堂上來(lái).教師須擴(kuò)大自己視野,重新建構(gòu)自己的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)和職業(yè)能

      力,才能適應(yīng)這種互動(dòng)式的課堂模式.新的課堂模式會(huì)使教師的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),教學(xué)思想和教學(xué)行為處于一種時(shí)時(shí)受到碰撞,挑戰(zhàn),激

      勵(lì)的狀態(tài),使教師不斷更新知識(shí),深化思想,調(diào)整行為,加快職業(yè)化成長(zhǎng)的速度, 更適應(yīng)自己

      工作.*課堂教學(xué)情景變化:

      傳統(tǒng)課堂: 強(qiáng)調(diào)教材單一因素, 學(xué)生各個(gè)孤立學(xué)習(xí), 精講多練, 接受式, 單一課本 …

      新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn): 強(qiáng)調(diào)教師,學(xué)生,內(nèi)容,環(huán)境四因素整合,合作學(xué)習(xí),主動(dòng)參與,任務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)型,探究式學(xué)習(xí)…

      這種確定性與多樣性,不確定性的變化,一方面為教學(xué)帶來(lái)更大難度,另一方面為教師的創(chuàng)造性提供更大的空間.多年來(lái)我們廣大教師所得心應(yīng)手的教育方法已經(jīng)不能完全適應(yīng)新課程的要求,而能夠適

      應(yīng)新課程的新的教育教學(xué)方法尚未形成,真可謂課程改革資源緊缺。深圳市南山區(qū)《中

      學(xué)英語(yǔ)新課程課堂教學(xué)案例》給我們提供了生動(dòng)的教育理論與教育實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的實(shí)例和

      實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。該書雖然是一種初步探索,其水平也未必整齊劃一,有些方法也未必成熟,但該書會(huì)給我們莫大的啟迪,有許多我們可以借鑒學(xué)習(xí)之處。另外,大量的報(bào)刊雜志如

      《中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)》等,里頭大量關(guān)于課程改革的文章也值得我們學(xué)習(xí)。處在教改大潮

      之中,我們教師專業(yè)的發(fā)展的過(guò)程應(yīng)體現(xiàn)教師的主動(dòng)精神和對(duì)改革目標(biāo)的追求,而不應(yīng)

      是在社會(huì)要求的被動(dòng)發(fā)展,教師應(yīng)成為自覺(jué)的學(xué)習(xí)者,研究者,實(shí)踐者和創(chuàng)造者。

      教學(xué)方案的設(shè)計(jì): 教師要通過(guò)很多勞動(dòng),如查找資料,創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,組織活動(dòng)等.*工作方式的變化:

      要求教師具有廣泛的合作溝通能力, 同科教師之間的資源共享,跨學(xué)科教師之間溝通, 相互交流的靈感啟迪.*對(duì)教師評(píng)價(jià)的變化:

      以前主要看學(xué)生考試成績(jī),現(xiàn)在試卷卷面分?jǐn)?shù)所占比例不占支配地位.對(duì)教師評(píng)價(jià)不再是平面,而是對(duì)教學(xué)對(duì)象,使用教學(xué)資源,完善教學(xué)行為的綜合性評(píng)價(jià).面對(duì)課程改革的要求和教師不適應(yīng)的矛盾,應(yīng)采取什么樣的措施解決這一問(wèn)題?

      教師培訓(xùn): 集中系統(tǒng)的培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí)– 通識(shí), 課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 教材培訓(xùn).以及各種專題學(xué)習(xí)--綜合實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的開(kāi)展, 教學(xué)方式的改變, 評(píng)價(jià)與考試改革, 學(xué)校課程開(kāi)發(fā)等.“ 以校為本” 教研:

      制度的建立:具備三大要素:

      *教師要對(duì)自己的教學(xué)行為進(jìn)行反思.不是一般 “回顧”, 而是思考,反省探索和解決教學(xué)過(guò)程存在問(wèn)題.它具有研究的性質(zhì).*倡導(dǎo)同伴之間的交流與互助,使教師的教育行為能得到客觀的反饋.研究表明:"教師之間的廣泛交流是提高教學(xué)能力最有效的方式".研究發(fā)現(xiàn),教師在教學(xué)研究時(shí),如參與校內(nèi)同事間的互助指導(dǎo),可有75%的教師在課堂上有效應(yīng)用所學(xué)的內(nèi)容,否則只有15%的教師能有同樣的表現(xiàn).

      *專業(yè)支持:如果沒(méi)有先進(jìn)的教育理論的引導(dǎo),則會(huì)在同一水平上重復(fù).專業(yè)支持的網(wǎng)絡(luò)將通過(guò)強(qiáng)有力的組織手段覆蓋到邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的學(xué)校.

      "以校為本"的教研,不等同于 “以校為本” 的培訓(xùn).它不是 “以校為戰(zhàn)”, 也不是 “閉門造車”.學(xué)校一級(jí)的研究組,可由科組長(zhǎng)和備課組長(zhǎng)組成,將課改真正落實(shí)到實(shí)處。研究重點(diǎn)是根據(jù)學(xué)校的實(shí)際情況確定本校英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的策略,組織集體備課,交流心得和成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),解決存在問(wèn)題。(《廣東省義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》)

      新課程改革要變成鮮活,富有生機(jī)與活力的課程,必須依靠教師, 經(jīng)歷一個(gè)開(kāi)放,民主.科學(xué)的探索過(guò)程.教學(xué)方式,學(xué)習(xí)方式到底怎么改, 沒(méi)有固定的答案, 也沒(méi)有可供遵循的模式.實(shí)踐中遇到的問(wèn)題,要靠廣大教師在實(shí)踐中摸索解決.b)關(guān)于 “評(píng)價(jià)建議”

      *形成性評(píng)價(jià)的引入---仍是一個(gè)新話題.其目的與特點(diǎn)下一個(gè)定義: 通過(guò)多種評(píng)價(jià)手段和方式,對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中表現(xiàn)出的興趣,態(tài)度.參與活動(dòng)程度,對(duì)他們的語(yǔ)言發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)做出判斷,對(duì)他們的學(xué)習(xí)嘗試做出肯定,以促進(jìn)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,幫助教師改進(jìn)教學(xué).原因: 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和技能---常規(guī)的測(cè)試進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)與檢測(cè),情感與策略---量化評(píng)價(jià)是常規(guī)測(cè)試無(wú)能為力的.故, 對(duì)學(xué)生評(píng)價(jià)要重激勵(lì), 重發(fā)展, 重能力.內(nèi)容: 學(xué)習(xí)檔案---入學(xué)考試, 學(xué)習(xí)行為記錄, 書寫作業(yè)樣本, 教師家長(zhǎng)觀察評(píng)語(yǔ),平時(shí)測(cè)驗(yàn), 自己或同學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)意見(jiàn)等.(檔案應(yīng)能跟隨學(xué)習(xí)的全程)

      注意問(wèn)題: 公正,全面,科學(xué)的原則, 鼓勵(lì)性, 發(fā)展性(現(xiàn)狀, 發(fā)展, 潛能)

      *… 堅(jiān)持合作, 形成性與終結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合, 評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)程不加重學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān).

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