第一篇：中考九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上全程知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)(含答案).doc

初三年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】

I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1.at the moment

2.used to 3.for a while

4.walk away with sth.5.leave for some place 6.sooner or later 7.pay for

8.come up with an idea 9.think of 10.have a try

11.all over the world 12.be famous for 13.large numbers of 14.all the year round 15.no matter what 16.give up 17.for example 18.by the way 19.on business 20.so far 21.come true 22.set off 23.slow down 24.go on doing 25.wait for 26.be proud of 27.be afraid of 28.speak highly of 29.a year and a half 30.half a year 31.pick up 32.as soon as 33.keep… clean 34.take care of 35.cut down

36.make a contribution to 37.base on 38.make sure 39.take away 40.begin with 41.right now 42.as soon as possible 43.leave a message 44.all kinds of things

45.walk around 46.fall asleep 47.wake up 48.go on a trip

49.have a good time 50.take photos 51.come out 52.come on

53.have a family meeting 54.talk about

55.go for a holiday 56 go scuba diving 57.write down 58.by oneself 59.walk along

60.get a chance to do sth 61.have a wonderful time 62.book a room

63.have an accident 64.be interested in 65.use sth.to do sth.66.make a TV show 67.be amazed at 68.take part in 69.feed on 70.get out of II.重要句型

1.Why don’t you do sth.?

2.make sb.Happy

3.borrow sth.from sb.4.forget to do sth.5.pay fro sth.6.return sth.To sb.7.learn sth.from sb.8.be famous for sth.9.No matter what…

10.be with sb.11.go on doing sth.12.speak highly of sb.13.keep doing sth.14.allow sb.To do sth.15.encourage sb.to do sth.16.It is said that… III.交際用語(yǔ)

1.---Excuse me, have you got …?---Yes, I have.(Sorry, I haven’t.)2.---Why don’t you …?---Thanks, I will.用心 愛心 專心

3.---Thanks a lot.(Thank you very much.)---You are welcome.4.---Have you ever done…?

---Yes, I have, once.(No, never.)5.---I’ve just done…---Really? 6.---What’s …like ?

7.---How long have you been…?---Since…

8.---Have you ever been to…?

---I’ve never been there.(None of us has./ Only …h(huán)as.)

9.---Would you like to have a try?---I don’t think I can…

10.---What have you done since…?

11.---How long have you been at this …?---For…

12.---How long has she/ he worked there…?

---She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / his life.13.---I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.14.---May I help you? 15.---That’s very kind of you.16.---Could we go scuba diving? 17.---Could you tell us how long we’re going to be away? 18.---Let’s try to find some information about it, OK? 19.---Could you please tell me how to search the Internet? 20.---Go straight along here.21.---Please go to Gate 12.22.---Please come this way.23.---Could you tell me what you think about Hainan Island? 24.---That sounds really cool!IV.重要語(yǔ)法 1.賓語(yǔ)從句

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

3.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法比較： 【名師講解】 1.Maybe/ may be

(1)maybe是副詞，意思是“大概，也許”，常用作狀語(yǔ)。

Maybe you put it in your bag.也許你把它放在包里了。

“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天來嗎？”“也許不”。

(2)may be相當(dāng)于是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may與be動(dòng)詞搭配一起作謂語(yǔ)，意思是“也許是…，可能是…”。

It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他們可能于九點(diǎn)到達(dá)。

The man may be a lawyer.那人也許是律師。2.borrow/ lend/ keep/ use

(1)borrow表示的是從別人那里借來東西，即我們通常所說的“借進(jìn)來”。

We often borrow books from our school library.我們經(jīng)常從學(xué)校圖書館借書。

I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher.我從老師那兒借來了這本字典。

borrow是一個(gè)瞬間完成的動(dòng)作，因此不能與時(shí)間段連用。

You can borrow my recorder for three days.(錯(cuò)誤)

I have borrowed this book for only one week.(錯(cuò)誤)

(2)lend表示的是把自己的東西借給別人，即我們通常所說的“借出去”。

Thank you for lending me your bike.謝謝你把自行車借給我。

He often lends money to his brother.他經(jīng)常借錢給他弟弟。

lend與borrow一樣，也是一個(gè)瞬間完成的 動(dòng)作，不能與一段時(shí)間連用。

(3)keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借來后的保存或使用階段，是一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間，因此可以與時(shí) 間段連用。

You can keep my recorder for three days.我的錄音機(jī)你可以借用三天。

I have kept this book for only one week.這本書我才剛借了一星期。

(4)use也可以當(dāng)“借用”講，但它的本意是“用，使用”。

用心 愛心 專心 May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下嗎？

He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用這部公用電話。3.leave/ leave for

(1)leave意思是“離開，留下”。

We left Shanghai two years ago.我們兩年前離開了上海。

He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手機(jī)落在出租車?yán)锪恕?/p>

(2)leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。We will leave for Tibet next month.我們將于下月去西藏。

The train is leaving for Moscow.這趟火車即將開往莫斯科。4.since/ for

(1)since用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，既能用作介詞，也能用作連詞，后常接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，意思是“自從”。

He has been a worker since he came into this city.自從他來到這個(gè)城市，他就是工人了。

I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai.自從我們上次在上海見過之后，我再也沒見過他。

since作連詞，還有“既然”的意思。

Since you are interested in it, just do it.既然你對(duì)它感興趣，那就做吧。

You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.既然你已經(jīng)做完了功課，就開心玩會(huì)兒吧。

(2)for用于完成時(shí)，用作介詞，后常接一段時(shí)間，意思是“經(jīng)過…”。

I have learned English for five years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了五年英語(yǔ)了。

They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他們已經(jīng)等了你三十分鐘了。

for也可以用作連詞，但意思是“因?yàn)椤薄?/p>

They missed the flight for they were late.他們由于完到了而誤了航班。

He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多種原因病倒了。

5.neither/ either/ both

(1)neither作代詞是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定，意思為“兩者都不”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Neither of the boys is from England.這兩個(gè)男孩都不是來自英國(guó)。

I know neither of them.他們兩個(gè)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。

neither用作形容詞，也修飾單數(shù)名詞，意思與作代詞時(shí)相同；用作連詞時(shí)，一般與nor搭配，表示 “既不…也不”。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也遵循就近原則。

She neither ate nor drank yesterday.她昨天既不吃也不喝。

Neither he nor we play football on Sundays.他和我們星期天都不踢球。

(2)either作代詞時(shí)，是指兩者中的任意一方,(兩者之)每一個(gè)，故作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Either of the books is new.這兩本書任何一本都是新的.She doesn’t like either of the films.這兩部電影她都不喜歡.either作形容詞, 用來修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思與作介詞時(shí)相同.Either school is near my home.(這兩所學(xué)校中的)任何一所學(xué)校都離我家很近.Either question is difficult.兩個(gè)問題(中的任何一個(gè))都難.either作連詞時(shí),一般與or搭配,表示兩者選其一，意思是“不是…就是”。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則。

Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是對(duì)的。Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要來

看我。

(3)both作代詞時(shí)，指的是所涉及到的“兩者都”, 故作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

I like both of the stories.這兩個(gè)故事我都喜歡。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母兩人都是老師。

用心 愛心 專心 both作形容詞時(shí)，用來修飾兩者,意思與作代詞時(shí)相同.Both his arms are hurt.他的兩只胳膊都受傷了。Both these students are good at English.這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。

both用作連詞時(shí)，多與and搭配，表示“既…又, 不僅…而且”, 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Both piano and violin are my bobbies.鋼琴和小提琴都是我的愛好。

They study both history and physics.他們既學(xué)歷史，又學(xué)物理。

6.find/look for/ find out

(1)find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果，意思是“找到”。此外還有“發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺”的意思，后可接賓語(yǔ)從句。

Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不著帽子了。Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丟失的鑰匙了嗎？

He found the lights were on along the street.他發(fā)現(xiàn)沿街的燈都亮了

(2)look for的意思為“尋找”，指的是找的動(dòng)作而非結(jié)果。另外，還有“盼望，期待”的意思。

She is looking for her son.她正在找她的兒子。We’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.我們從今天一大早就開始找這輛車了。I look for the coming holiday.我期待著即將來臨的假期。

(3)find out含有經(jīng)過觀察、研究或探索而得知的意思，后常接較抽象的事物，意思是“找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明（真相）”等。

I can find out who took my money away.我能查出誰(shuí)拿了我的錢。

Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能設(shè)法知道飛機(jī)何時(shí)到嗎？

7.forget to do/ forget doing

(1)forget to do是指忘記去做某件事了，即該事還沒有做。

Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了給我打電話。

I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了帶零錢了。

(2)forget doing是指忘記某件已經(jīng)做過的事情，即該事已經(jīng)做了，但被忘記了。

He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告訴過我地址了。

They forgot having been here before.他們忘了以前曾來過這兒。8.stop doing/ stop to do

(1)stop doing是指停止做某事，即doing這個(gè)動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù)。

They stopped debating.他們停止了辯論。（不辯論了）

He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red.由于交通燈變成了紅色，他不得不停車。

(2)stop to do是指停下來開始做另一件事，即停止原先的事，開始做do這個(gè)動(dòng)作。

She stopped to have a rest.她停下來休息會(huì)兒。（開始休息）

They stopped to talk.他們停下來開始交談。9.except/ besides

(1)except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“撇開…不談”,表示兩部分的不同。

Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每個(gè)人都很激動(dòng)。（他們激動(dòng)，而我卻不激動(dòng)）

All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）

(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“除之外…還、除之外…又”，表示兩部分 的相似性。

Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，還有25個(gè)學(xué)生去看了電影。(他和另外25人都去了)

用心 愛心 專心 We like biology besides English.除了英語(yǔ)外，我們還喜歡生物。（生物和英語(yǔ)都喜歡）

besides還可用作副詞，意思是“此外；而且”，常用于句首或句尾。

He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.他是一名偉大的思想家，除此以外，他還是一位政治家。

They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides.他們不僅鼓勵(lì)我，而且與我以金錢上的支持。

10.keep doing/ keep on doing

(1)keep doing指的是連續(xù)地、堅(jiān)持不斷地做某事，中間不間斷。

It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天風(fēng)了。

The temperature keeps dropping.溫度持續(xù)下降。(2)keep on doing是指反復(fù)堅(jiān)持做某事，但動(dòng)作之間略有間隔。

They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他們已經(jīng)互相通信多年了。

After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后，他堅(jiān)持講話。11.seem/ look

(1)seem一般著重于以客觀跡象為依據(jù)，意思是“似乎、好象、看起來…”。

The baby seems to be happy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。

He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎為那件事感到抱歉。seem能與to do結(jié)構(gòu)連用，而look不能。

It seems to rain.似乎要下雨了。

They seemed to have finished their work.他們似乎已經(jīng)完成了工作。

在it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型中只能用seem。

It seems that he is quite busy now.他現(xiàn)在看起來很忙。

It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看來沒什么大不了的。

(2)look用作“看起來；好像”時(shí)，常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來判斷，是以視覺所接受的印象為依據(jù)的。

The room looks clean.這間房看起來很干凈。The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起來向她的媽媽。12.such/ so

(1)such常用作形容詞，用來修飾名詞。

Don’t be such a fool.別這么傻。

He is such a clever boy.他是如此聰明的一個(gè)男孩。

(2)so是副詞，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。

He is so kind!他真好心！

Why did you come so late? 你為何回來得如此晚？ 當(dāng)名詞前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少時(shí)，應(yīng)該用so。

He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。

Only so little time is left!才剩這么一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間！13.either/ too/ also

(1)either用作“也”時(shí)是副詞，常用于否定句句尾。She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人，我也不是。

My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜歡這首歌。

(2)too常用于肯定句或疑問句尾，表示“也”。He likes China, too.他也喜歡中國(guó)。Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年級(jí)嗎？(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑問句，但一般位于句中。

We are also students.我們也是學(xué)生。He also went there on foot.他也是走著去的。Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看嗎？

14.if/ whether

在下列情況下只能用whether而非if：

(1)與or not連用時(shí)，只能用whether.We want to know whether you are ill or not.我們想知道你是否生病了。

用心 愛心 專心 Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.請(qǐng)告訴我們你是否完成了工作。(2)后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，只能用whether.Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亞當(dāng)不知道是走還是留。

He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他還沒決定是否和我共進(jìn)晚

餐。

(3)所引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句放在主句之前時(shí)，只能用whether.Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind.我們不在乎將要刮風(fēng)還是下雨。

Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是贏是輸她不想知道。

(4)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般用whether.The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他們是不是已經(jīng)

走了。

Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否會(huì)和我一起去還是個(gè)秘密。

if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether沒有此用法。

We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我們

要進(jìn)行足球賽。

I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看見他就告訴他。If you’re in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危險(xiǎn)，請(qǐng)撥打110。15.cost/ spend/ pay/ take

(1)cost一般用某物來做主語(yǔ)，表示“（某物）值…、花費(fèi)…”，既能指花費(fèi)時(shí)

間也能指金錢。

The new bike costs me 300 yuan.這輛新自行車花了我三百元。

It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通讀這本書將會(huì)花費(fèi)你整整 一周時(shí)間。

cost 還可以用作名詞，表示“成本、費(fèi)用、價(jià)格、代價(jià)”等。

What’s the cost of this TV set? 這臺(tái)電視機(jī)的成本是多少錢？

They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他們辛苦地工作換來的成功。

(2)spend一般用某人來作主語(yǔ)，表示“（某人）花費(fèi)…，付出…”，也能指時(shí)間或金錢，指時(shí)間時(shí)常與 in搭配，指金錢時(shí)常與on或for搭配。

We spent two days in repairing this machine.我們花了兩天時(shí)間修理這臺(tái)機(jī)器。

Mr.Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在書上。

(3)pay用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般也以某人作主語(yǔ)，但一般指花錢、付款等，很少用來指花費(fèi)時(shí)間。常與for搭配使用。

They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他們花了七十元買票。

He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他窮得交不起學(xué)費(fèi)。

pay還可以用作名詞，意思為“薪水、工資”等。It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很難靠這么低的薪水生活下去。

(4)take也指“花費(fèi)(時(shí)間、金錢)”，但通常用某事、某物做主語(yǔ)，或用形式主語(yǔ)it.How long will the meeting take? 會(huì)議要開多久？

It took me several hours to get there.我花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)才到那兒。16.bad/ badly

這兩個(gè)詞的意思含有“壞、糟、嚴(yán)重”等意思，且它們有共同的比較級(jí)worse和最高級(jí)worst。

(1)bad是一個(gè)形容詞，意思是“壞的，糟糕的，差的，嚴(yán)重的”。

I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)壞人。

I had a bad headache.我的頭疼得很厲害。

用心 愛心 專心(2)badly是一個(gè)副詞，意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意為“嚴(yán)重地，非常，極度”。

We need help badly.我們急需幫助。

His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊嚴(yán)重受傷了。17.interested/ interesting

(1)interested是指“對(duì)…產(chǎn)生興趣的，對(duì)…感興趣的”，一般用人做主語(yǔ)，后常用介詞in.He was interested in biology before.他以前對(duì)生物感興趣。

I’m not interested in art.我對(duì)藝術(shù)不感興趣。(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”，指能夠給人帶來興趣的某人或某事物。

He is an interesting old man.他是個(gè)有趣的老頭。The interesting story attracted me.這個(gè)有趣的故事吸引了我。18.dead/ die/ death/ dying

(1)dead是形容詞，意思為“死了的、無(wú)生命的”，表示狀態(tài)，可以與一段時(shí)間連用。

The tree has been dead for ten years.這棵樹死了有十年了。

The rabbits are all dead.這些兔子都是死的。(2)die是動(dòng)詞，意思為“死、死亡”，是一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用。

My grandpa died two years ago.我爺爺兩年前去世了。

The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌癥。(3)death是名詞，意思為“死亡、去世”等。

The memorial hall was built one year after his death.他死后一年，紀(jì)念館建成了。

His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我們的巨大損失。

(4)dying 是die的現(xiàn)在分詞，用作形容詞，意思是“垂死的、即將死去的”。

The doctors have saved the dying man.醫(yī)生們救活了那個(gè)垂死的人。

The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可憐的狗沒有食物,快要餓死了?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序；

2.一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別； 3.本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型； 4.本單元學(xué)習(xí)的日常交際用語(yǔ)?？荚囆问娇梢允菃雾?xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。

【中考范例】

1.（2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題）

---Do you know ________________?---Only ten months old.A.when does Tiger Woods start golfing B.when did Tiger Woods start golfing C.when Tiger Woods starts golfing D.when Tiger Woods started golfing

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序。這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，應(yīng)為這里說的是過去的事情。語(yǔ)序應(yīng)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，所以正確答案是: when Tiger Woods started golfing。2.（2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題）

I’m interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.A.pay B.get C.take D.spend

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是pay, get, take和spend這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。只有動(dòng)詞spend可以用在sb.spends time doing sth.這個(gè)句型里，所以正確答案影視spend。

3.（2004年天津市中考試題）

Could I ________ your telephone? I have

something important to tell my parents.A.keep B.borrow C.use D.lend

【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是keep, borrow, use和lend四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。keep的真正含義是“保留”，borrow的含義是“借入”，lend的含義是“借出”，只有use的含義是“使用”。在這個(gè)句子里實(shí)際上是“使用”的意思，所以應(yīng)選use。4.（2004年鄂州市中考試題）

---Hi, Ann.Where’s your brother? I need his help.---He left home two weeks ago and ________away

ever since.A.is B.was C.has been D.had been

【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法區(qū)別。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)；一般過去時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作或過去所處的狀態(tài)；過去完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作或過去的時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的事情；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或剛剛結(jié)束。這里只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

用心 愛心 專心 【滿分演練】 一.單項(xiàng)填空

1.Mr Green asked the children to _____the words in the dictionary.A.look at B.look up C.look for D.look after 2.May I _____ your bike? Certainly, but you can't _____it to other.A.lend, lend B.borrow, lend C.borrow, borrow D.lend, borrow 3.Mr Brown _____in China since 20 years ago.A.worked B.works C.is working D.has worked 4.There______ be many trees here two years ago.A.is B.are C.use to D.used to 5.Neither my brother nor I ____a doctor.A.is B.am C.are D.be 6.____of my parents ____ watching TY.A.Both, likes B.Either, like C.Neither, like D.Neither, likes 7.I really don't know ____ next.Can you tell me ?

A.how to do B.what to do C.how will I do it D.what to do it

8.He has lived here ___ 1965.A.since B.for C.in D.from 9.If you are tired, please stop ___ a rest.A.having B.have C.to have D.has 10.She has never come to the farm before, _____ she? A.has B.hasn't C.does D.doesn't 11.It is ____book that I have ____ it twice.A.such an interesting…seen B.so an interesting…read C.so interesting…looked D.such an interesting…read

12.The doctor was busy ____ on the boy at that time.A.operate B.to operate C.operated D.operating 13.The policeman told the children _____play in the street.A.didn't B.to not C.not to D.don't 14.Mother returned home _____earlier than Father that evening.A.very B.too C.more D.much 15.I won't go to see the film tonight, because I ______ my ticket．

A.lost B.have lost C.will lose D.didn't lose

二.完形填空

Children like to copy(模仿)what they hear.They copy their parents，their friends and even the TV.This teaches them how to speak the language.Copying also does good to students of a second ____1______.When you listen to foreigners speak English，_____2_____ what they say as loudly as you can.

Children don’t practise grammar, but use the language to ____3_____ that interests them.They don’t ____4_____ their vocabulary or poor grammar.They find ways to ____5_____ themselves，and they do it successfully.

Students of English should also pay their attention to ______6______.Look for chances to talk with people in English.If you can’t find a ____7____ to talk to, talk with other students of English instead._____8_____ an English discussion and talk about music, movies or whatever _____9_____you.Don’t worry about _____10___.The objective(目標(biāo))is to earn how to communicate(交流)easily and comfortably.Remember that you can communicate successfully even with a small vocabulary.

1.A.year

B.grade

C.language D.country 2.A.repeat B.hear C.believe D.remember

3.A.write letters B.keep diaries C.talk to people D.talk about things

4.A.look for B.complain about C.laugh at D.go over 5.A.enjoy B.help C.relax D.express

6.A.grammar

B.vocabulary

C.communication D.English

7.A.foreigner B.topic C.chance D.visitor

8.A.Start B.Build C.Use D.Make

9.A.understands

B.interests

C.improves D.allows

10.A.lessons B.exams C.wasting time D.making mistakes 三.閱讀理解

(A)

We can see walls everywhere in the world.But the Great Wall of China is the

用心 愛心 專心 biggest of all.The Chinese call it “The Ten-thousand-Li Great Wall”.It is in fact

more than 6,000 kilometres long.It is 4-5 metres wide.In most places, five horses or ten men can walk side by side.When you visit the Great Wall, you can't help wondering how the Chinese

people were able to build such a great wall thousands of years ago.Without any modern machine, it was really very difficult to build it.They had to do all the work by hand.It took millions of men hundreds of years to build it.The Great Wall has a history of over two thousand years.The kings began to build the first parts of it around two thousand seven hundred years ago.Then Qin Shihuang had all the walls joined up.He thought that could keep the enemy out of the country.Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest.Not only Chinese people but also people from all over the world come to visit it.1.The Great Wall is the biggest of all walls in _________.A.China B.Europe C.the world D.Asia(亞洲)2.How long is the Great Wall?

A.It's less than six hundred kilometres.B.It's over six million kilometres.C.It's six thousand kilometres.D.It's more than six thousand kilometres.3.It took _____ men ______ years to build the Great Wall.A.millions;millions

B.hundreds of;hundreds of

C.millions of;hundreds of

D.hundreds of;millions of

4.The Great Wall was built ______________.A.by people all over the world

B.without any modern machines

C.with some other countries' help D.by all Chinese kings

5.Qin Shihuang thought the Great Wall could _________.A.keep the enemy out of his country B.keep his body in it

C.be visited by all the people

D.make his country beautiful

(B)

In 776 B.C.the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor Greeks' chief god, Zeus(向希臘主要神祗宙斯獻(xiàn)禮).The Greeks praised(注重)physical fitness and strength in their education of youth.Therefore, running, boxing, horse-racing, discus throwing and so on were held in each city and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus.Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths(橄欖枝花環(huán))placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds.Originally(起初)these were held as games of friendship, and any wars that were going on were stopped to allow the games.The Greeks regarded these games as so important that they counted time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads” dating from 776 B.C.1.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.The first Olympic Games were held to celebrate.B.Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads.C.Battles were stopped to let the games take place.D.Poems were sung in the honor of winners.2 Nearly how many years ago did these games start? A.776 years.B.1250 years.C.2278 years.D.2760 years.3.Which of the following matches was not mentioned in the passage ?

A.Discus throwing B.Boxing C.Skating D.Running

4.What conclusion can we reach about the ancient Greeks ?

A.They liked to fight.B.They were very good at sports.用心 愛心 專心 C.They liked a lot of ceremony(儀式).D.They couldn't count, so that they used “Olympiads” for dates.(C)Over thirty thousand years ago people from northern Asia went to America.Today, we call these people Indians.The Indians went to America because the weather began to change.Northern Asia became very cold.Everything froze.They had to move or die.How did the first Indians go to America? They walked!

Later Columbus found the New World in 1492.At first, only a few Europeans followed.They traveled to America in boats.For the next three hundred years, about 500,000 people went there.Then the number grew very quickly.From 1815 to 1915, over thirty-two million Europeans left their countries and went to the United States.The biggest groups were from Germany and Italy.These Europeans spoke many different languages.Most of them took almost no money.They went to America so that they could find a better life.1.__________ went to America first.A.People from northern Asia B.People from Europe C.People from Germany D.Columbus 2.Why did the Indians go to America? Because ________.A.northern Asia became very hot B.northern Asia became very cold C.they were interested in America D.they liked traveling 3.The New World was ___________.A.Italy B.northern Asia C.Germany D.America 4.The first Europeans went to America _______________.A.by ship B.by bike C.by boat D.by train 5.These Europeans ______________.A.didn't speak the same language

B.spoke English only C.spoke German only

D.spoke both English and German 6.The Europeans went to America in order to _________.A.find the New World B.find a better life C.build more boats D.learn English

四.補(bǔ)全對(duì)話: 給下面對(duì)話的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使對(duì)話通順，符合邏輯。

(Jim and Han Li are talking about the coming summer holiday.)

Ben:

Hello, Han li, where are you going for your summer holiday?

Han Li: I'm ___1___ sure.I'm thinking ___2___ going to Guilin.What about you?

Ben:

I'm going to Chongqing and Wuhan ___3___ my parents.Han Li: ___4___ are you going there? Ben:

First we'll fly to Wuhan, and then go to Chongqing ___5___ ship.Han Li: That's a good idea.I'm sure you'll enjoy it.Wish you a pleasant journey!Ben:

Thank you!

五.完成句子: 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)句子的意思，完成下列英語(yǔ)句子。

1.你為什么把收音機(jī)開這么大聲？

______ do you turn your radio so loud _____ ? 2.整個(gè)會(huì)議將持續(xù)3個(gè)小時(shí)。

The whole meeting will ______ ______ 3 hours.3.我們都喜歡跟那只小狗玩。

We all like ______ ______ with the dog.4.很抱歉，我沒有帶食物。

I'm sorry, I don't ______ any food ______ me.5.你的新錄音機(jī)是什么樣？

What ______ your new recorder ______ ? 6.謝謝你告訴我這個(gè)消息。

Thank you ______ ______ me the news.用心 愛心 專心 7.昨晚他們直到十一點(diǎn)才停止談話。

They ______ stop talking ______ 11 o'clock last night.8.這是一封露茜寫給小帆的信。

This is a letter ______ Lucy ______ Xiaofan.初三年級(jí)（上）【練習(xí)答案】

一.1.B 2.B 3D 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.B 二.1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.D 三.(A)1.C 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.A

(B)1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B

(C)1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 四.1.not 2.about 3.with 4.How 5.by 五.1.What, for 2.last for 3.playing with 4.take, with 5.is like 6.for telling 7.didn't, until 8.from, to

用心愛心 專心

第二篇：初一至初三全程英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)啊

學(xué)英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單嗎？肯定會(huì)有許多學(xué)生說：“難死了”。

為什么有好多學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)都感到頭疼呢？答案只有一個(gè)：“不得法?！?英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)一樣都是一種語(yǔ)言，為什么你說漢語(yǔ)會(huì)如此流利？那是因?yàn)槟阒蒙碛谝粋€(gè)漢語(yǔ)環(huán)境中，如果你在倫敦呆上半年，保準(zhǔn)說起英語(yǔ)來會(huì)非常流利。但很多中學(xué)生沒有很好的英語(yǔ)環(huán)境，那么你可以自己設(shè)置一個(gè)英語(yǔ)環(huán)境，堅(jiān)持“多說”、“多聽”、“多讀”、“多寫”，那么你的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)肯定會(huì)很出色。

一、多“說”。

自己多創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)與英語(yǔ)教師多講英語(yǔ)，見了同學(xué)，尤其是和好朋友在一起時(shí)盡量用英語(yǔ)去問候，談心情……這時(shí)候你需隨身攜帶一個(gè)英漢互譯小詞典，遇到生詞時(shí)查一下這些生詞，也不用刻意去記，用的多了，這個(gè)單詞自然而然就會(huì)記住。千萬(wàn)別把學(xué)英語(yǔ)當(dāng)成負(fù)擔(dān)，始終把它當(dāng)成一件有趣的事情去做。

或許你有機(jī)會(huì)碰上外國(guó)人，你應(yīng)大膽地上去跟他打招呼，和他談天氣、談風(fēng)景、談學(xué)?！皇莿e問及他的年紀(jì)，婚史等私人問題。盡量用一些你學(xué)過的詞匯，句子去和他談天說地。不久你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)與老外聊天要比你與中國(guó)人談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)容易的多。因?yàn)樗湍憬徽剷r(shí)會(huì)用許多簡(jiǎn)單詞匯，而且不太看重說法，你只要發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，準(zhǔn)能順利地交流下去。只是你必須要有信心，敢于表達(dá)自己的思想。

如果沒有合適的伙伴也沒關(guān)系，你可以拿過一本書或其它什么東西做假想對(duì)象，對(duì)它談你一天的所見所聞，談你的快樂，你的悲傷等等，長(zhǎng)此堅(jiān)持下去你的口語(yǔ)肯定會(huì)有較大的提高。

二、多“聽”

尋找一切可以聽英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。別人用英語(yǔ)交談時(shí)，你應(yīng)該大膽地去參與，多聽聽各種各樣人的發(fā)音，男女老少，節(jié)奏快的慢的你都應(yīng)該接觸到，如果這樣的機(jī)會(huì)少的話，你可以選擇你不知內(nèi)容的文章去聽，這將會(huì)對(duì)你幫助很大，而你去聽學(xué)過的課文的磁帶，那將會(huì)對(duì)你的語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)調(diào)的學(xué)習(xí)有很大的幫助。

三、多“讀”。

“讀”可以分為兩種。一種是“默讀”。每天給予一定時(shí)間的練習(xí)將會(huì)對(duì)你提高閱讀速度有很大的好處，讀的內(nèi)容可以是你的課本，但最好是一些有趣的小讀物，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的英語(yǔ)高考越來越重視閱讀量和閱讀速度。每道題的得分都與你的理解程度有很大關(guān)系，所以經(jīng)過高中三年閱讀的訓(xùn)練后，你必定會(huì)在高考中勝券在握。另一種是“朗讀”這是學(xué)語(yǔ)言必不可少的一種學(xué)習(xí)途徑。

四、多“寫”

有的同學(xué)總是抱怨時(shí)間緊，根本沒時(shí)間寫作文。其實(shí)“寫”的形式很多，不一定就寫作文才提高寫作能力。比如寫下你一天中發(fā)生的一些重要的事情，或當(dāng)天學(xué)了某一個(gè)詞組，你可以創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)語(yǔ)境恰如其份地用上這個(gè)詞。這樣即可幫你記住這個(gè)詞的用法，又可以鍛煉你的寫作能力，比如學(xué)“wish”一詞時(shí)，可寫一小段如下：

The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different.I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.只幾句話：但wish的幾種用法已躍然紙上，這樣寫下來印象會(huì)深刻得多，這樣比死記硬背wish的用法也有趣輕松的多。

學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)不用花大塊的時(shí)間，10分鐘的散步可以練“說”,吃完飯后可以讀一會(huì)兒英語(yǔ)小說，睡前聽?zhēng)追昼娪⒄Z(yǔ)，可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些時(shí)間來練英語(yǔ)，你的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)肯定會(huì)很快提高的。

背英語(yǔ)單詞技巧

1、循環(huán)記憶法

艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線

人的大腦是一個(gè)記憶的寶庫(kù)，人腦經(jīng)歷過的事物，思考過的問題，體驗(yàn)過的情感和情緒，練習(xí)過的動(dòng)作，都可以成為人們記憶的內(nèi)容。例如英文的學(xué)習(xí)中單詞、短語(yǔ)和句子，甚至文章的內(nèi)容都是通過記憶完成的。從“記”到“憶”是有個(gè)過程的，這其中包括了識(shí)記、保持、再認(rèn)和回憶。有很多 人在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過程中，只注重了學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶效果，孰不知，要想做好學(xué)習(xí)的記憶工作，是要下一番工夫的，單純的注重當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶效果，而忽視了后期的保持和再認(rèn)同樣是達(dá)不到良好的效果的。

在信息的處理上，記憶是對(duì)輸入信息的編碼、貯存和提取的過程，從信息處理的角度上，英文的第一次學(xué)習(xí)和背誦只是一個(gè)輸入編碼的過程。人的記憶的能力從生理上講是十分驚人的，它可以存貯1015比特(byte，字節(jié))的信息，可是每個(gè)人的記憶寶庫(kù)被挖掘的只占10%，還有更多的記憶發(fā)揮空間。這是因?yàn)?，有些人只關(guān)注了記憶的當(dāng)時(shí)效果，卻忽視了記憶中的更大的問題--即記憶的牢固度問題，那就牽涉到心理學(xué)中常說的關(guān)于記憶遺忘的規(guī)律。

一、艾賓浩斯記憶規(guī)律曲線解釋

德國(guó)有一位著名的心理學(xué)家名叫艾賓浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)，他在1885年發(fā)表了他的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告后，記憶研究就成了心理學(xué)中被研究最多的領(lǐng)域之一，而艾賓浩斯正是發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶遺忘規(guī)律的第一人。

根據(jù)我們所知道的，記憶的保持在時(shí)間上是不同的，有短時(shí)的記憶和長(zhǎng)時(shí)的記憶兩種。而我們平時(shí)的記憶的過程是這樣的：

輸入的信息在經(jīng)過人的注意過程的學(xué)習(xí)后，便成為了人的短時(shí)的記憶，但是如果不經(jīng)過及時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)，這些記住過的東西就會(huì)遺忘，而經(jīng)過了及時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)，這些短時(shí)的記憶就會(huì)成為了人的一種長(zhǎng)時(shí)的記憶，從而在大腦中保持著很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。那么，對(duì)于我們來講，怎樣才叫做遺忘呢，所謂遺忘就是我們對(duì)于曾經(jīng)記憶過的東西不能再認(rèn)起來，也不能回憶起來，或者是錯(cuò)誤的再認(rèn)和錯(cuò)誤的回憶，這些都是遺忘。艾賓浩斯在做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)候是拿自己作為測(cè)試對(duì)象的，他得出了一些關(guān)于記憶的結(jié)論。他選用了一些根本沒有意義的音節(jié)，也就是那些不能拼出單詞來的眾多字母的組合，比如asww，cfhhj，ijikmb，rfyjbc等等。他經(jīng)過對(duì)自己的測(cè)試，得到了一些數(shù)據(jù)。

然后，艾賓浩斯又根據(jù)了這些點(diǎn)描繪出了一條曲線，這就是非常有名的揭示遺忘規(guī)律的曲線：艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線，圖中豎軸表示學(xué)習(xí)中記住的知識(shí)數(shù)量，橫軸表示時(shí)間(天數(shù))，曲線表示記憶量變化的規(guī)律。

這條曲線告訴人們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中的遺忘是有規(guī)律的，遺忘的進(jìn)程不是均衡的，不是固定的一天丟掉幾個(gè)，轉(zhuǎn)天又丟幾個(gè)的，而是在記憶的最初階段遺忘的速度很快，后來就逐漸減慢了，到了相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候后，幾乎就不再遺忘了，這就是遺忘的發(fā)展規(guī)律，即“先快后慢”的原則。觀察這條遺忘曲線，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),學(xué)得的知識(shí)在一天后，如不抓緊復(fù)習(xí),就只剩下原來的25%)。隨著時(shí)間的推移,遺忘的速度減慢，遺忘的數(shù)量也就減少。有人做過一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，兩組學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一段課文，甲組在學(xué)習(xí)后不久進(jìn)行一次復(fù)習(xí)，乙組不予復(fù)習(xí)，一天后甲組保持98%，乙組保持56%；一周后甲組保持83%，乙組保持33%。乙組的遺忘平均值比甲組高。

二、不同性質(zhì)材料有不同的遺忘曲線

而且，艾賓浩斯還在關(guān)于記憶的實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，記住12個(gè)無(wú)意義音節(jié)，平均需要重復(fù)16.5次；為了記住36個(gè)無(wú)意義章節(jié)，需重復(fù)54次；而記憶六首詩(shī)中的480個(gè)音節(jié)，平均只需要重復(fù)8次！這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們，凡是理解了的知識(shí)，就能記得迅速、全面而牢固。不然，愣是死記硬背，那也是費(fèi)力不討好的。因此，比較容易記憶的是那些有意義的材料，而那些無(wú)意義的材料在記憶的時(shí)候比較費(fèi)力氣，在以后回憶起來的時(shí)候也很不輕松。因此，艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線是關(guān)于遺忘的一種曲線，而且是對(duì)無(wú)意義的音節(jié)而言，對(duì)于與其他材料的對(duì)比，艾賓浩斯又得出了不同性質(zhì)材料的不同遺忘曲線，不過他們大體上都是一致的。

因此，艾賓浩斯的實(shí)驗(yàn)向我們充分證實(shí)了一個(gè)道理，學(xué)習(xí)要勤于復(fù)習(xí)，而且記憶的理解效果越好，遺忘的也越慢。

三、不同的人有不同的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線--個(gè)性化的艾賓浩斯

上述的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線是艾賓浩斯在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中經(jīng)過了大量測(cè)試后，產(chǎn)生了不同的記憶數(shù)據(jù)，從而生成的一種曲線，是一個(gè)具有共性的群體規(guī)律。此記憶曲線并不考慮接受試驗(yàn)個(gè)人的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)，而是尋求一種處于平衡點(diǎn)的記憶規(guī)律。

但是記憶規(guī)律可以具體到我們每個(gè)人，因?yàn)槲覀兊纳硖攸c(diǎn)、生活經(jīng)歷不同，可能導(dǎo)致我們有不同的記憶習(xí)慣、記憶方式、記憶特點(diǎn)。規(guī)律對(duì)于自然人改造世界的行為，只能起一個(gè)催化的作用，如果與每個(gè)人的記憶特點(diǎn)相吻合，那么就如順?biāo)畵P(yáng)帆，一日千里；如果與個(gè)人記憶特點(diǎn)相悖，記憶效果則會(huì)大打折扣。因此，我們要根據(jù)每個(gè)人的不同特點(diǎn)，尋找到屬于自己的艾賓浩斯記憶曲線

2》如何學(xué)英語(yǔ)

下定決心，堅(jiān)持不懈

英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)作為一門語(yǔ)言技能，通過大量的訓(xùn)練和練習(xí)任何人是可以掌握的。一般地說，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的原則是聽、說領(lǐng)先，讀、寫跟上。李揚(yáng)的瘋狂英語(yǔ)提倡，首先建立起我能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的信心，然后以句子為單位，大量地模仿，瘋狂地操練，大聲地朗讀，最后達(dá)到自如地說英語(yǔ)，他的方法對(duì)提高說英語(yǔ)的能力很奏效。鐘道隆教授45歲開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)，一年后，學(xué)成出國(guó)當(dāng)口語(yǔ)翻譯，并創(chuàng)造了逆苦惱、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向?qū)W習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法。他還提出學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)要遵循聽、寫、說、背、想的方法，他的方法強(qiáng)調(diào)以聽為主，并且把所聽到的內(nèi)容全部寫下來。尤其是他的學(xué)習(xí)精神最可佳，他學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)用壞了十幾臺(tái)錄音機(jī)，你可想象他聽了多少英語(yǔ)；用完的圓珠筆芯幾乎裝滿了一個(gè)一拉罐，你可想象他寫了多少，在一年半內(nèi)，累計(jì)業(yè)余學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)間大約三千小時(shí)，也就說每天抽出幾個(gè)小時(shí)來學(xué)英語(yǔ)。如果我們做到他那樣，一定也能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。最重要的是堅(jiān)持，只要能下定決心，堅(jiān)持每天至少一個(gè)小時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，戰(zhàn)勝自我最后肯定會(huì)有收獲的。

注意方法，循序漸進(jìn) 決心下定，還注意學(xué)習(xí)方法，有時(shí)根據(jù)自己的情況和不同的學(xué)習(xí)目的，選擇不同的學(xué)習(xí)方法，但是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)一定要踏踏實(shí)實(shí)地、一步一個(gè)腳印地走。要把基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握好，也就是說，發(fā)音要正確、基本詞匯要掌握牢、基本句式要熟練、基本語(yǔ)法要會(huì)用。

（1）要過好語(yǔ)音關(guān)。把每一個(gè)音標(biāo)發(fā)正確，注意改正有問題的音素，特別是那些容易混淆的音素，盡早地掌握國(guó)際音標(biāo)，并盡量的掌握一些讀音規(guī)則，盡快地能利用讀音規(guī)則來拼單詞，掌握讀音規(guī)則對(duì)單詞的記憶和拼寫非常有用。

（2）掌握一定數(shù)量的英語(yǔ)單詞。對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)者來說掌握英語(yǔ)詞匯是一難關(guān)，學(xué)習(xí)單詞要從單詞的形、音、義這三方面去掌握，要注意單詞的一詞多義，一詞多類的用法，要學(xué)會(huì)一些構(gòu)詞法的知識(shí)，來擴(kuò)展詞匯量。學(xué)習(xí)單詞要在語(yǔ)言材料中去學(xué)，要結(jié)合詞組，通過句子，閱讀文章來活記單詞，死記的單詞是記不牢的。堅(jiān)持在讀、說前，先反復(fù)聽，聽的時(shí)候反應(yīng)單詞、句子的意思和節(jié)奏，想一下單詞的拼法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)。并要同學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則有機(jī)結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行。

（3）掌握好基本語(yǔ)法。語(yǔ)法在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)中也很重要，它能幫助我們把握住英語(yǔ)的基本規(guī)律，通過例句或語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象把死的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則要記住，活的規(guī)則要通過做大量的練習(xí)掌握。總之學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)要通過聽、說、讀、寫、譯來進(jìn)行操練，不但要注意數(shù)量，更重要的是要注意質(zhì)量，尤其是基本知識(shí)要掌握的準(zhǔn)確，熟練。只有經(jīng)過大量的實(shí)踐，才能做到熟能生巧，運(yùn)用自如。

提前預(yù)習(xí)，有的放矢

作為學(xué)生，在每次上課前，都要對(duì)要學(xué)的課文提前預(yù)習(xí)。首先在音標(biāo)的幫助下試著拼讀單詞，也可以借助配套磁帶反復(fù)聽，對(duì)比一下，把握不準(zhǔn)的要標(biāo)出來，注意上課老師的發(fā)音，還要記一下單詞的漢語(yǔ)意思和詞性。借助課文的注釋或輔導(dǎo)材料，預(yù)習(xí)一遍課文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有數(shù)，在教師講課時(shí)注意聽這些地方?？傊A(yù)習(xí)的目的是熟悉要學(xué)的內(nèi)容，找出不明白的地方，帶著問題聽課，做到有的放矢。

認(rèn)真聽課，積極配合

課堂是老師與學(xué)生一起學(xué)習(xí)、掌握、運(yùn)用知識(shí)的主要場(chǎng)所。作為起主導(dǎo)作用的老師一方引導(dǎo)學(xué)生搞好課堂教學(xué)是很必要的，但也需要學(xué)習(xí)者的積極配合。上課要專心聽講、作好筆記、認(rèn)真操練、積極思考。預(yù)習(xí)時(shí)出現(xiàn)的問題在課堂上教師沒有講到的，要向老師提出，把問題搞清楚，老師講授的問題，先注意聽，下課后整理一下筆記，反復(fù)思考一下這些問題，抓住老師所講的重點(diǎn)，難點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn)?？傊?，上課時(shí)要做到耳聽、眼觀、嘴動(dòng)、腦想，調(diào)動(dòng)起多個(gè)感官來。

完成作業(yè)，找出問題

學(xué)完每一課，要認(rèn)真完成課后作業(yè)。做作業(yè)時(shí)一定不要看參考書上題的答案，做完后再對(duì)答案，對(duì)于作業(yè)中所出現(xiàn)的不明白的問題，應(yīng)該記下來，等下次上課時(shí)提出來。做作業(yè)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的很重要的環(huán)節(jié)，它是消化知識(shí)和鞏固知識(shí)的過程，一定要認(rèn)真完成規(guī)定的作業(yè)，筆頭作業(yè)要?jiǎng)右粍?dòng)筆，口頭作業(yè)要?jiǎng)右粍?dòng)嘴，提高聽力要練一練耳，課文在聽和讀的基礎(chǔ)上，最好背誦某些精彩段落。總之，要做大量的練習(xí)，英語(yǔ)是練出來的，一定不要偷懶。

及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)，鞏固知識(shí)

學(xué)會(huì)了的東西隨著時(shí)間的流逝會(huì)逐漸遺忘，但學(xué)語(yǔ)言有遺忘現(xiàn)象是正常的。更不必因?yàn)橛羞z忘現(xiàn)象而影響自己學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的信心與決心。問題在于怎樣來減輕遺忘的程度。善于類比，總結(jié)知識(shí)，把新學(xué)的知識(shí)同過去學(xué)的有關(guān)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行橫向和縱向比較和聯(lián)系。建立錯(cuò)誤檔案記錄，加深印象，以避免再反同樣錯(cuò)誤。我們大部分知識(shí)和技能是靠重復(fù)獲得的，及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)對(duì)于記憶非常必要，學(xué)英語(yǔ)就是要堅(jiān)持天天不斷的練，不斷地重復(fù)基本句型，常用詞匯和基本語(yǔ)法等。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過程也是同遺忘做斗爭(zhēng)的過程。

總而言之，只要你能做到下定決心學(xué)，注意學(xué)習(xí)方法，把課前預(yù)習(xí)，認(rèn)真聽課，完成作業(yè)，及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)這些環(huán)節(jié)作好了，你一定能夠?qū)W好英語(yǔ)

初一至初三全程英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)初一年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】 I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1.Sit down 2.on duty 3.in English 4.have a seat 5.at home 6.look like 7.look at 8.have a look 9.come on 10.at work 11.at school 12.put on 13.look after 14.get up 15.go shopping

II.重要句型

1.help sb.do sth.2.What about…? 3.Let’s do sth.4.It’s time to do sth.5.It’s time for …

6.What’s…? It is…/ It’s… 7.Where is…? It’s….8.How old are you? I’m….9.What class are you in? I’m in….10.Welcome to….11.What’s …plus…? It’s….12.I think…

13.Who’s this? This is….14.What can you see？ I can see?.15.There is(are)….16.What colour is it(are they)? It’s(They’re)… 17.Whose …is this? It’s….18.What time is it? It’s….III.交際用語(yǔ)

1.Good morning, Miss/Mr….2.Hello!Hi!3.Nice to meet you.Nice to meet you, too.4.How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks.And you? 5.See you.See you later.6.Thank you!You’re welcome.7.Goodbye!Bye!8.What’s your name? My name is ….9.Here you are.This way, please.10.Who’s on duty today? 11.Let’s do.12.Let me see.IV.重要語(yǔ)法

1.動(dòng)詞be的用法；

2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法； 4.冠詞的基本用法； 5.There be句型的用法。【名師講解】 1.in/on

在表示空間位置時(shí)，in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree.樹上有只鳥。There is a picture on the wall.墻上有張圖。2.this/that/these/those(1)this常常用來指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。

I want this car, not that car.我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。Take these books to his room, please.請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去。This is mine;that’s yours.這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。

These are apples;those are oranges.這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。

(2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如： This is Mary speaking.Who’s that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)？ 3.There be/ have There be “有”，其確切含意為“某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物?！逼浣Y(jié)構(gòu)是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ)，be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如：(1)There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2)There is a doll in the box.那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。

(3)There are many apples on the tree.那樹上有許多蘋果。

總之，There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的“有”。have表示“擁有，占有，具有”，即：某人有某物(sb.have / has sth.)。主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞，與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4)I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。(5)That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。4.look/ see/ watch

(1)look 表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如：

Look!The children are playing computer games.瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。Look!What’s that over there? 看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？

單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語(yǔ)，如： He’s looking at me。他正在看著我。

(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如：

What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？

Look at the blackboard.What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：

Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。4.put on/ / in

put on意為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in 是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。如： It’s cold outside, put on your coat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子，走了出去。

The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽。5.house/ home/family house ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物;Home: “家”，指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方;Family: “家庭“，“家庭成員”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來。He is not at home.他不在家。My family all get up early.我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?.fine, nice, good, well 四者都可用作形容詞表示“好”之意，但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于：

(1)fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的“精細(xì)”，形容人時(shí)表示的是“身體健康”，也 可以用來指“天氣晴朗”。例如：Your parents are very fine.你父母身體很健康。

That's a fine machine.那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器It's a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好時(shí)候。

(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有“美好”，“漂亮”的意思，也可用于問候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice.那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you.見到你很高興。It's very nice of you.你真好。

(3)good形容人時(shí)指“品德好”，形容物時(shí)指“質(zhì)量好”，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ)。例如：Her son is a good student.她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。The red car is very good.那輛紅色小汽車很好。

(4)well只可用來形容人的“身體好”，但不能作定語(yǔ)，它也能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ)，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：I'm very well, thanks.我身體很好，謝謝。My friends sing well.我的朋友們歌唱得好?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1.動(dòng)詞be的用法；

2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法； 4.冠詞的基本用法； 5.There be句型的用法。

6.本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型； 7.本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語(yǔ)。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。

【中考范例】

1.(2004年北京市中考試題)

Mary, please show ________ your picture.A.my B.mine C.I D.me 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動(dòng)詞show后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語(yǔ)。2.(2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題)

_________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike.A.A B.An C./ D.The 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)槭翘刂刚n桌上的那個(gè)橘子，所以用定冠詞the。

3.(2004年哈爾濱市中考試題)

---What _______ the number of the girls in your class?

---About twenty.A.is B.am C.are D.be 【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞be的用法和主謂一致。the number作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱，動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)閕s。4.(2004年陜西省中考試題)

There _______ a football match on TV this evening.A.will have B.is going to be C.has D.is going to have 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是There be?句型和動(dòng)詞have用法區(qū)別。There be句型本身就表示“在某個(gè)地方存在某個(gè)人或物”，不能和動(dòng)詞have混在一起用。初一年級(jí)（下）【知識(shí)梳理】 I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1.a bottle of 2.a little 3.a lot(of)4.all day 5.be from 6.be over 7.come back 8.come from 9.do one’s homework 10.do the shopping 11.get down 12.get home 13.get to 14.get up 15.go shopping 16.have a drink of 17.have a look 18.have breakfast 19.have lunch 20.have supper 21.listen to 22.not…at all 23.put…away 24.take off 25.throw it like that 26.would like 27.in the middle of the day 28.in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29.on a farm 30.in a factory

II.重要句型

1.Let sb.do sth.2.Could sb.do sth.? 3.would like sth.4.would like to do sth.5.What about something to eat? 6.How do you spell …? 7.May I borrow…?

III.交際用語(yǔ)

1.—Thanks very much!—You're welcome.2.Put it/them away.3.What's wrong? 4.I think so.I don't think so.5.I want to take some books to the classroom.6.Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow.OK.9.What's your favourite sport? 10.Don't worry.11.I’m(not)good at basketball.12.Do you want a go? 13.That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.14.Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.15.We / They have some CDs.We / They don’t have any CDs.16.---What day is it today / tomorrow?---It’s Monday.17.---May I borrow your colour pens, please?---Certainly.Here you are.18.---Where are you from?---From Beijing.19.What's your telephone number in New York? 20.---Do you like hot dogs?---Yes, I do.(A little./ A lot./ Very much.)---No, I don't.(I don't like them at all.)21.---What does your mother like?---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22.---When do you go to school every day?---I go to school at 7:00 every day.23.---What time does he go to bed in the evening?---He goes to bed at 10:00.IV.重要語(yǔ)法

1.人稱代詞的用法； 2.祈使句；

3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法； 4．動(dòng)詞have的用法；

5．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法；

6．可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法

【名師講解】

1.That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.That’s right意為“對(duì)的”，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如：“I think we must help the old man.”“我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。” “That's right.”或 “You're right.”“說得對(duì)”。That’s all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒關(guān)系”，用來回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如： “Many thanks.” “That's all right.”

“Sorry.It's broken.” “That's all right.” All right.意為“行了”、“可以”，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好” “Please tell me about it.” “請(qǐng)把此事告訴我?！? “All right.”“好吧?！?Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎 2.make/do 這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做”，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？ He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3.say/speak/talk/tell say：是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為“說出”、“說道”，著重所說的話。如： “I want to go there by bus” , he said.他說，“我要坐汽車到那里去。”Please say it in English.請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說。speak : “說話”，著重開口發(fā)聲，不著重所說的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞(即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ))。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能說說他的情況？I don’t like to speak like this.我不喜歡這樣說話。

speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英語(yǔ)說得好。

talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞，不過，talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如：I would like to talk to him about it.我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。

tell : “告訴”,除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如：He’s telling me a story.他在給我講故事。

tell a lie 撒謊

tell sb.to do sth./tell sb.not to do sth

如：.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4.do cooking/ do the cooking do cooking 作“做飯”解，屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ)：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚

從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ)，不能用some, much或定冠詞。

go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳 5.like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth.與like to do sth.意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：

He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。

6.other/ others/ the other/ another other表其余的，別的，如：Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎? others 別的人，別的東西.如：In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。

the other表另一個(gè)（二者之中）one?，the other?如：One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。

another表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些如：There is room for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。7.in the tree/ on the tree in the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為“在樹上”但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事（不屬于樹本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西）落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹上時(shí)，要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree.那棵樹上有些蘋果。There is a bird in the tree.那棵樹上有只鳥。8.some/ any

some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要注意。(1)some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如：

There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中，或在表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問句中，我們依然用some。如：Would you like some tea? 9.tall/ high

(1)說人，動(dòng)物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如 a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女a(chǎn) tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬

(2)說一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如： He is high up in the tree.他高高地爬在樹上。The plane is so high in the sky.飛機(jī)在空中這么高。

(3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以，不過high的程度比tall高。

(4)high可作副詞，tall不能。

(5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.10.can/ could(1)can表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的“能力”。例如：

Can you ride a bike?你會(huì)騎自行車嗎?What can I do for you？要幫忙嗎？Can you make a cake？你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？

(2)can用在否定句和疑問句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說話人的“懷疑”“猜測(cè)”或不肯定。例如： Where can he be？他會(huì)在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？ It surely can't be six o'clock already？不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？

You can't be hungry so soon，Tom，you've just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過午飯。

What can he mean？他會(huì)是什么意思？

在日常會(huì)話中，can可代替may表示“允許”，may比較正式。例如：You can come in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來。

---Can I use your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？---Of course，you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3)could could 是 can的過去式，表示過去有過的能力和可能性（在否定和疑問句中）。例如： The doctor said he could help him.（能力）醫(yī)生說他能幫助他。

Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。

At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那時(shí)我們以為所說的可能是真的。could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如： Could I speak to John，please？我能和約翰說話嗎？ Could you？在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？Could you please ring again at six？六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎？(4)can的形式

只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)（包括將來時(shí)）須用be able to加動(dòng)詞不定式來表示。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒有能到北京來。11.look for/ find look for 意為“尋找”，而find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作，并不注重“找”的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如：She can’t find her ruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒能找到。12.be sleeping/ be asleep be sleeping 表示動(dòng)作，意思是“正在睡覺”；be asleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了”。

如：---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？---They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺。

The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13.often/ usually/sometimes often 表示“經(jīng)?！?，sometimes表示“有時(shí)候”，在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動(dòng)作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）的后面，有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，則放在句首。

We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時(shí)，我睡覺很早。

He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。14.How much/ How many how much常用來詢問某一商品的價(jià)格，常見句式是How much is / are?? How much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢？How much are the bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢？ how much后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“多少“，how many后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人？

15.be good for/ be good to/ be good at be good for 表示“對(duì)??有好處”，而be bad for表示“對(duì)??有害”；be good to表示“對(duì)??友好”，而be bad to表示“對(duì)??不好”；be good at表示“擅長(zhǎng)，在??方面做得好”，而be bad at表示“在??方面做得不好”。

如：Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。

Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。

Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。

The boss is bad to his workers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。

Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫畫，但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。16.each/ every each 和every都有“每一個(gè)”的意思，但含義和用法不相同。each從個(gè)體著眼，every從整體著眼。each 可用于兩者或兩者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。如：We each have a new book.我們每人各有一本新書。There are trees on each side of the street.街的兩旁有樹。

He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞；every只能用作形容詞。如：Each of them has his own duty.他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。They each want to do something different.他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。

17.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說話者的能力，還有自然現(xiàn)象；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing）。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。I'm doing my homework now.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等詞連用；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等連用。We often clean the classroom after school.我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。Look!They are cleaning the classroom.看！他們正在打掃教室呢。【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1．動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法，人稱代詞的用法，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法。

2．本冊(cè)書中常見的交際用語(yǔ)

3．本冊(cè)書中一些重點(diǎn)的詞組和短語(yǔ)

考試形式往往是單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)和短文填空。【中考范例】

1.（2004年安徽省中考試題）

---Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you.---I ________ for an important phone call.Go without me.A.wait B.was waiting C.am waiting D.waited

【解析】答案：C。表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.(2004年長(zhǎng)春市中考試題)

Could you help ___ with ____ English, please?A.I, my B.me, me C.me, my D.my, I

【解析】答案：C。第一個(gè)空作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格me, 第二個(gè)空作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my。

3.(2004年長(zhǎng)春市中考試題)Dr.White can _______ French very well.A.speak B.talk C.say D.tell 【解析】答案：A。說什麼語(yǔ)言常用動(dòng)詞speak。4.（2004年黃岡中考試題）

English is spoken by __people.A.a lot B.much many C.a large number of D.a great deal of 【解析】答案：C。只有a large number of 能用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞people。4.he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here 初二年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】 I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1.on time 2.best wishes 3.give a talk 4.for example 5.short for 6.a waste of time 7.go on a field trip 8.go fishing 9.I agree 10.next week 11.the day after tomorrow 12.have a picnic 13.have some problems doing sth.14.go the wrong way 15.hurry up 16.get together 17.in the open air 18.on Mid-Autumn Day 19.come over 20.have to 21.get home 22.agree with 23.in the country 24.in town 25.all the same 26.in front of 27.on the left/right side 28.next to 29.up and down 30.keep healthy 31.grow up 32.at the same time 33.the day before yesterday 35.last Saturday 36.half an hour ago 37.a moment ago 38.just now 39.by the way 40.all the time 41.at first

II.重要句型

1.have fun doing sth.2.Why don’t you…? 3.We’re going to do sth.4.start with sth.5.Why not…? 6.Are you going to…? 7.be friendly to sb.8.You’d better do sth.9.ask sb.for sth.10.say goodbye to sb.11.Good luck(with sb)!

III.交際用語(yǔ)

1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me.I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is bad.3.It doesn’t matter.4.Happy Teachers’ Day!5.That’s a good idea.6.What are you going to do？ 7.Where are we going ? 8.What are we going to do ? 9.I’m good at…

10.It’s not far from…

11.Are you free tomorrow evening? 12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival? 13.I’m glad you can come.14.Thanks for asking us.15.How about another one? 16.May I have a taste? 17.Let me walk with you.18.What do you have to do? 19.Do you live on a farm? 20.Which do you like better, the city or the country? 21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens? 22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!23.---Let’s make it half past one.---OK.24.---Why not come a little earlier?---All right.25.Excuse me.Where’s the nearest post office, please? 26.It’s over there on the right.27.I’m sorry I don’t know.28.You’d better…

29.Thank you all the same.30.Which bus do I take? 31.Go along this road.32.What day was it yesterday? 33.I’m sorry to hear that.34.I hope you’re better now.35.Why did you call me? 36.I called to tell…

IV.重要語(yǔ)法

1.be going to的用法；

2.形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)； 3.形容詞和副詞的比較 4.一般過去時(shí) 【名師講解】

1.on the street / in the street 表示“在街上”時(shí)，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美國(guó)多用on the street, 在英國(guó)多用in the street.例如：We have a house in the street.我們?cè)诮稚嫌凶孔?。I met him on the street.我在街上遇見了他。2.would like / like

would like 和 like含義不同。like 意思是“喜歡”，“愛好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。試比較： I like beer.=I’m fond of beer.我喜歡喝啤酒。I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer.我想要一杯啤酒。Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜歡看電影嗎？Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？ 3.another / the other(1)another 通常用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上或不確定數(shù)量中的任意一個(gè)人或 物體。例如： May I have another apple, please? 請(qǐng)?jiān)诮o我一個(gè)蘋果好嗎？

This coat is too small for me.Please show me another這件外套我穿太小，請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我拿一件看看。

(2)the other 通常指兩者中的另一個(gè)。例如：

He has two rulers.One is short.The other is long.他有兩把尺子，一把短的，另一把長(zhǎng)的。I have two brothers.One works in Xi’an.The other works in Beijing.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)在西安工作，另一個(gè)在北京工作。4.have to /must

(1)have to和 must 都可以用來談?wù)摿x務(wù)，但用法略有不同。如果某人主觀上覺得必須去做而又想去時(shí)，常用must。如果談?wù)撃撤N來自“外界”的義務(wù)，常用have to。例如：I must stop smoking.我必須戒煙。（自己想戒煙）They have to work for the boss.他們不得不為那個(gè)老板工作。（條件逼得他們?nèi)スぷ鳎?/p>

(2)have to 可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，must 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：

I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必須早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.為了多掙錢，我們不得不每天長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地工作。(3)用于否定句時(shí)，mustn’t意思是“決不能”，“禁止”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，相當(dāng)于needn’t。例如：You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你決不能再遲到。You don’t have to go there today.You can go there tomorrow.你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5.hear sb.or sth.doing sth./ herar sb.or sth.do sth.hear sb.or sth.doing sth.意思是“聽到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb.or sth.do sth.意思“聽到某人或某物做過某事”。試比較：I hear him singing an English song.聽見他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我聽見他唱一首英文歌。

類似hear 這種用法的還有see, watch, listen, feel等感官動(dòng)詞。6.any /some any和some 都可以同不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用，但some一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑問句和否定句中。試比較：I want some money.我想要點(diǎn)錢。Have you any money? 你有錢嗎？I don’t have any money.我一點(diǎn)錢也沒有。

some 有時(shí)也用于疑問句，表示說話人期待一個(gè)肯定回答或鼓勵(lì)人家說“是”。例如： Would you like some more beer?請(qǐng)你再來點(diǎn)啤酒好嗎？ Could I have some rice, please?請(qǐng)給我來點(diǎn)米飯好嗎？ 7.hear /listen to listen to 和hear 都有“聽”的意思，但含義有所不同。Listen to強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽”的動(dòng)作，hear 強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽”的結(jié)果。例如：Listen to me ,please!I’m going to tell you a story.請(qǐng)聽我說！我給你們講個(gè)故事。

Listen!Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 聽！你能聽見有人在隔壁房間里哭嗎？ I listened, but heard nothing.我聽了聽，但什么也聽不見。hear 后面如果接賓語(yǔ)從句，常常表示“聽說”。例如：

I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我聽說一些外國(guó)學(xué)生將要訪問我們學(xué)校。

I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我聽說今晚我們學(xué)校要演一場(chǎng)電影。

8.Let’s… /Let us…

Let’s? 和Let us? 都表示“讓我們??”, 如果us 包括聽話人在內(nèi)，其含義相同，附帶問句用shall we.如果us 不包括聽話人在內(nèi)，其含義不同，Let us?的附帶問句要用will you。例如：Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物好嗎？ 9.take/ bring/ carry /get 這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“拿”和“帶”的意思，但含義有所不同。take意為“帶走”，“拿走”，bring意為“帶來”，“拿來”, get表示“到別的地方把某人或某物帶來或拿來”，carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向，帶有負(fù)重的意思。試比較：

My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常帶我到那里去度假。

I’m going to take you to Beijing.我準(zhǔn)備帶你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.請(qǐng)給我端杯茶來。

I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本書給你帶來。The waiter carried the me to the table服務(wù)員把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那個(gè)包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.讓我去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生吧。

10.far away /faraway(1)far away是一個(gè)副詞短語(yǔ)，意思是“很遠(yuǎn)”。例如：Some are far away.Some are nearer.有些離得很遠(yuǎn)，有些離得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那個(gè)村子離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。(2)faraway是一個(gè)形容詞，意思是“遙遠(yuǎn)的”，可以在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如： He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小山村。11.find / look for find和look for 都有“找”的意思，但含義不同。find 強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果，而look for 強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的過程。請(qǐng)看下列例句：He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行車。I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你盡快找到丟失的戒指。另外，find還有“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；“感到”等意思。例如：I found a wallet in the desk.我在課桌里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)錢包。

I find this book very interesting.我覺得這本書很有意思。12.in front of /in the front of In front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范圍內(nèi)。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某物的范圍內(nèi)。試比較：My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在瑪麗座位的前面。He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司機(jī)坐在小車的前部?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】

1.be going to的用法；

2.形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)； 3.形容詞和副詞的比較 4.一般過去時(shí)

5.本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型； 6.本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語(yǔ)。

【中考范例】

1.(2004年煙臺(tái)市中考試題)

In the exam, the ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you’ll make.A.carefully, little B.more carefully, fewest C.more careful, fewer D.more careful, less 【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是形容詞和副詞的比較以及他們的比較等級(jí)的用法。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)填形容詞careful的比較級(jí)，因?yàn)樗诰渲凶鞅碚Z(yǔ)，第二個(gè)空應(yīng)填few的比較級(jí)，因?yàn)樗揎椀氖菑?fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。2.(2004年河北省中考試題)

Bob never does his homework _________ Mary.He makes lots of mistakes.A.so careful B.as carefully as C.carefully D.as careful as 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是形容詞和副詞的用法比較。該空應(yīng)填副詞，因?yàn)樗揎椀氖莿?dòng)詞does。該題用的是not as+副詞+as的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以答案應(yīng)是B。3.(2004年重慶市中考試題)

That day I saw some parents _________ at the back of the classroom, ________ to the teacher.A.sitting, listened

B.sat, listened C.sitting, listening

D.sat, listening 【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是see sb.doing sth.的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。第一個(gè)空stting在句中作saw的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)空l(shuí)istening做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。4.(2004年杭州市中考試題)

You ________ open the door before the train gets into the station.A.don’t have to B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.may not

【解析】答案:B。該題考查的是幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定式的用法區(qū)別。don’t have to和needn’t的意思都是“不必”，may not的意思是“可以不”，只有mustn’t表示“不許”，“禁止”。初二年級(jí)（中）【知識(shí)梳理】 I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1.give a concert 2.fall down 3.go on 4.at the end of 5.go back 6.in ahurry 7.write down 8.come out 9.all the year round 10.later on

11.at times 12.ring sb.up

13.Happy New Year!14.have a party 15.hold on 16.hear from 17.be ready 18.at the moment 19.take out

20.the same as 21.turn over 22.get-together 23.put on 24.take a seat 25.wait for 26.get lost 27.just then 28.first of all 29.go wrong 30.make a noise 31.get on 32.get off 33.stand in line 34.at the head of 35.laugh at 36.throw about 37.in fact 38.at midnight 39.enjoy oneself 40.have a headache 41.have a cough 42.fall asleep 43.again and again 44.look over 45.take exercise

II.重要句型

1.be good for sth.2.I think … 3.I hope… 4.I love…

5.I don’t like… 6.I’m sure… 7.forget to do sth.8.take a message for sb.9.give sb.the message 10.help yourself to sth.11.be famous for sth.12.on one’s way to… 13.make one’s way to… 14.quarrel with sb.15.agree with sb.16.stop sb.from doing sth.III.交際用語(yǔ)

1.What’s the weather like today? 2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.3.How cold it is today!4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.5.Shall we make a snowman? 6.Ok.Come on!7.Happy New Year!8.May I speak to Ann, please?？ 9.Hold on, please.10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.11.Ok.But I’m afraid I may be a little late.12.Can I take a message for you? 13.That’s OK.It doesn’t matter.14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.15.I’m sorry to hear that.16.Happy birthday!17.Would you like...? Would you like to...? 18.Do you think...? Yes, I think so./ No, I don't think so.19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree./ No, don't really agree.I really can't agree.20.There are a few / a lot of.../ on it.21.So do we.22.I'm happy you like it.23.Which is the way to..., please? 24.Turn right/left at the...crossing.25.Go on until you reach...26.How can I get to...? Go down/up/along this road.27.What's the matter? 28.It'll take you half an hour to...29.We'd better catch a bus.30.It may be in...Ah, so it is 31.You must be more careful!32.You mustn't cross the road now.33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.34.Please stand in line.35.You must wait for your turn.36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.37.I don't feel very well.38.My head hurts.39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.40.What's the trouble? 41.What's the matter with…?

42.She didn't feel like eating anything.43.Nothing serious.44.Have/get a pain in… 45.No problem.46.Take this medicine three times a day.IV.重要語(yǔ)法

1.一般過去時(shí)；

2.反意疑問句的用法； 3.一般將來時(shí)； 4.感嘆句；

5.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型；

6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may和must, have to的用法； 7.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

【名師講解】 1.above/ over/ on

這三個(gè)介詞都表示“在??之上”，但含義不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接觸；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接觸，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接觸。試比較：There is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書。I raise my right hand above my head.我把右手高舉過頭。There is a stone bridge over the river.河面上有座石橋。2.forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘記做某事”，實(shí)際上還沒做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘記做過某事”，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做過了。試比較：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘記告訴他這條消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已經(jīng)把這條消息告訴他了，我卻忘了。類似的詞還有：remember, regret等。3.hope/wish hope和wish 在漢語(yǔ)中都有“希望”的意思，但其含義和用法有所不同。主要區(qū)別如下：(1)wish可以用來表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望；hope只能用來表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。例如： I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年輕二十歲。

I hope you’ll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起來。I wish the weather wasn’t so cold.但愿天氣不這麼冷。I hope he will come, too.我希望他也能來。

(2)wish可以接sb.to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，而hope不可以。例如： Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再來？ 4.be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb.or sth.(1)be sure to do sth.可以用來表示說話人給對(duì)方提出要求，意思是“務(wù)必”，也可以用來表示說話人做出的推斷，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：

Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你離開時(shí)務(wù)必把門鎖好。

It’s a good film.You are sure to enjoy it.這是一部好電影，你肯定會(huì)喜歡的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth.可用來表示“某人對(duì)某事有把握”。例如： I’m sure of his success.我相信他會(huì)成功。I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我沒有把握。5.hear from/hear of hear意思是“聽到”，從哪里聽到要用from來表示。例如：

I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.我聽小吳說，我們明天開始軍訓(xùn)。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.聽錄音，并寫出你從韓梅那里聽到的內(nèi)容。

hear from還有一個(gè)意思是“收到某人的來信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如： I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A.last month.上個(gè)月我受到了美國(guó)筆友的來信。I heard from her last week.我上周接到了她的來信。

hear of和和hear from含義不同。hear of 意思是“聽說”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑問句和否定句里。例如：Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是誰(shuí)？我從來沒有聽說過他。I never heard of such a thing!這樣的事我從來沒有聽說過。6.It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.It’s a pleasure這句話常用作別人向你表示致謝時(shí)的答語(yǔ)，意思是“那是我樂意做的”。例如：---Thank you for helping me.謝謝你地幫助。---It’s a pleasure.那是我樂意做的。---Thanks a lot.Bye.非常感謝。再見。---It’s a pleasure.那是我樂意做的。再見。類似的話還有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.”

With pleasure也用作客氣的答語(yǔ)，主要用在別人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的場(chǎng)合。例如：---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?請(qǐng)你把報(bào)紙遞給我好嗎？---With pleasure.當(dāng)然可以。7.seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起來”講，但seem暗示憑借一些跡象作出的有根據(jù)的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實(shí)；look著重強(qiáng)調(diào)由視覺得出的印象。兩者都可跟(to be)+形容詞和as if從句。如：He seems / looks(to be)very happy today.他今天看起來很高興。It looks(seems)as if it it is going to rain.好像要下雨了。(2)但下列情況中只用seem不用look：

1)后跟不定式to do時(shí)。如：He seems to know the answer.他似乎知道答案。

2)在It seems that...結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高興些了。

8.be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for(1)be ready to do和be ready for?表示“已作好?的準(zhǔn)備”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)(2)get ready to do和get ready for?表示“為?做準(zhǔn)備”，強(qiáng)調(diào)行為。如：

I'm ready to do anything you want me to do.我愿意/隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備做一切做你要我做的事。I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備回答你可能問的問題。He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正準(zhǔn)備動(dòng)身去東京。

Let's get ready for the hard moment.我們?yōu)檫@一艱難時(shí)刻作好準(zhǔn)備吧。(3)be ready to do 通?？衫斫狻皹酚谧瞿呈隆?，即思想上總是有做某事的準(zhǔn)備。be not ready to do表示“不輕易做某事”。如：He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不輕易聽從別人。9.at table/at the table at table在吃飯，at the table在桌子旁邊。例如：The Greens are at table.格林一家人在吃飯。Mr.Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布萊克先生坐在桌旁讀書。10.reach, arrive/get to 三者都有“到達(dá)”之意。reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后直接加名詞，get和arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能直接加名詞，須借助于介詞。get to后加名詞地點(diǎn)，若跟副詞地點(diǎn)時(shí)，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。如：

Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock.露西8點(diǎn)前到了動(dòng)物園。When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何時(shí)到上海的？ It was late when I got home.我到家時(shí)天色已晚。11.sick/ill 二者都是形容詞。當(dāng)“生病的，患病“之意時(shí)，ill只作表語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ)；而sick既可作表語(yǔ)也可作定語(yǔ)。sick有“嘔吐，惡心”的意思，只能作表語(yǔ)，而ill無(wú)此意。如：

Li Lei was ill last week.(只作表語(yǔ))李磊上周生病了。He's a sick man.（作定語(yǔ)）他是病人。不能說成：He's an ill man.My grandfather was sick for a month last year.（作表語(yǔ)）我祖父去年病了一個(gè)月。12.in time/on time in time是“及時(shí)”的意思，on time是“準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)”。如：I didn't get to the bus stop in time.我沒有及時(shí)趕上汽車。We'll finish our job on time.我們要按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。13.may be/maybe It may be in your inside pocket.= Maybe it is in your inside pocket.也許在你里邊的口袋里。第一句中may be是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be 動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)部分，意思是“也許是”，“可能是”；第二句中的maybe是副詞，意思是“可能”，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相當(dāng)于另一副詞 perhaps。再如：Maybe you put it in that bag.也許你放在了那只包里。（不能說You maybe put it in that bag.）It may be a hat.那可能是頂帽子。（不能說It maybe a hat.或It maybe is a hat.）14.noise/ voice/ sound noise 指嘈雜聲，噪音大的吵雜聲。voice是指說話的聲音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能夠聽到的聲音、鬧聲等。它是表示聲音之意的最普通的字。有時(shí)還用作科學(xué)上的聲音。例如： Don't make so much noise!別那么大聲喧嘩！

I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone.在電話里我聽不出約翰的聲音。He spoke in a low voice.他低聲說話。We heard a strange sound.我們聽到了一種奇怪的聲音。Sound travels fast, but light travels faster.聲音傳得快，但是光傳得更快。【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1.一般過去時(shí)；

2.反意疑問句的用法； 3.一般將來時(shí)； 4.感嘆句；

5.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型；

6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may和must, have to的用法； 7.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句； 8.本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型； 9.本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語(yǔ)。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型天空、短文填空和完成句子。

【中考范例】

1.(2004年長(zhǎng)沙市中考試題)

---Do you know if we will go to the cinema tomorrow?---I think we’ll go if we ________ too much homework.A.will have B.had C.won’t have D.don’t have

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。在條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里通常用一般現(xiàn)在是表示將來的動(dòng)作。2.(2004年佛山市中考試題)You have been to Tibet, ______? I was told that the snow-covered mountains were very beautiful.A.have you B.haven’t you C.don’t you

【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是反意疑問句的構(gòu)成。反意疑問句的前一部分是肯定句，后一部分就應(yīng)該是否定的疑問部分，而且要和前一部分保持時(shí)態(tài)上的一致。3.(2004年揚(yáng)州市中考試題)

---Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist(相撲手).---Wow, ______________!

A.How a fat man

B.What a fat man C.How fat man

D.What fat man 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是感嘆句的構(gòu)成。這個(gè)感嘆句省略了主謂部分，只保留了感嘆部分。如果以What開頭，就應(yīng)該是What a fat man!如果是How開頭，就應(yīng)該是How fat!4.(2004年福建省泉州市中考試題)

---Thanks for your help.---__________________

A.It doesn’t matter

B.Don’t thank me C.You’re welcome

D.That’s right

【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是日常交際用語(yǔ)?；卮饎e人的道謝通常用“That’s all right.”或”You’re welcome.” 初二英語(yǔ)（下）【知識(shí)梳理】 I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1.on time 2.out of 3.all by oneself 4.lots of 5.no longer 6.get back 7.sooner or later 8.run away 9.eat up 10.take care of 11.turn off 12.turn on 13.after a while 14.make faces 15.teach oneself 16.fall off 17.play the piano 18.knock at 19.to one's surprise 20.look up 21.enjoy oneself 22.help yourself 23.tell a story / stories 24.leave....behind …… 25.come along

26.hold a sports meeting 27.be neck and neck 28.as...as 29.not so / as...as 30.do one's best 31.take part in 32.a moment late 33.Bad luck!34.fall behind 35.high jump 36.long jump 37.relay race 38.well done!39.take off 40.as usual 41.a pair of 42.at once 43.hurry off 44.come to oneself 45.after a while 46.knock on 47.take care of 48.at the moment 49.set off 50.here and there 51.on watch 52.look out 53.take one’s place

II.重要句型

1.We’d better not do sth.2.leave one.oneself 3.find one’s way to a place 4.stand on one’s head 5.make sb.Happy 6.catch up with sb.7.pass on sth.to somebody 8.spend time doing sth.9.go on doing sth.10.get on well with sb.11.be angry with sb.12.be fed up with sth.13.not…until…

14.make room for sb.III.交際用語(yǔ)

1.We’re all by ourselves.2.I fell a little afraid.3.Don’t be afraid.4.Help!5.Can’t you hear anything?

6.I can’t hear anything / anybody there.7.Maybe it’s a tiger.8.Let’s get it back before they eat the food.9.Did she learn all by herself? 10.Could she swim when she was …years old? 11.She didn’t hurt herself.12.He couldn’t buy himself many nice things.13.Did he enjoy himself? 14.Help yourselves.15.Bad luck!16.Come on!17.Well done!Congratulations(to…)!18.It must be very interesting.19.I don’t think you’ll like it.20.It seems to be an interesting book.21.I’m sure(that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not sure what to… 22.I hope so.23.What was he/she drawing when…? 24.I’m sorry to trouble you.25.Would you please…?

26.What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday morning? 27.You look tired today.28.You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you can.29.How kind!30.Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an accident.31.It’s really nice of you.32.Don’t mention it.33.Don’t crowd around him.IV.重要語(yǔ)法

1.不定代詞/副詞的運(yùn)用；

2.反身代詞的用法； 3.并列句；

4.形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)； 5.冠詞的用法；

6.動(dòng)詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；

【名師講解】 1.bring/take Bring表示“帶來、拿來”，指從別處朝說話人所在或?qū)⒃诘牡胤健皫?、拿來”。而take則表示“拿去、帶走”，它表示的方向與bring相反，指從說話人所在地“拿走、帶走”。如： Bring me the book, please.把那本書給我拿來。

Take some food to the old man.給那位老人帶去些食物。2.somebody/ anybody/nobody

一般說來，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Somebody came to see you when you were out.你出來時(shí)有人來見你。

Does anybody live on this island? 有人在這島上住嗎？

I didn't see anybody there.我在那兒誰(shuí)也沒看見。

Don't let anybody in.I'm too busy to see anybody.別讓任何人進(jìn)來。我太忙，誰(shuí)也不想見。

There is nobody in the room.房間里沒人。

Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it.誰(shuí)也沒告訴我你病了所以我不知道。

3.listen, listen to, hear 這三個(gè)詞意思都是“聽”，但是它們的用法不完全相同。它們的區(qū)別在于：(1)listen 只用于不及物動(dòng)詞，后面接人或人物做賓語(yǔ)，著重于“傾聽”，指的是有意識(shí)的動(dòng)作，至于是否聽到，并非強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。如：

Listen!Someone is singing in the classroom.聽！有人在教室唱歌。

(2)listen to 為listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做賓語(yǔ)，這里的to是介詞。如： Do you like listening to light music?你喜歡聽輕音樂嗎？

(3)hear 可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“聽到、聽見”，指用耳朵聽到了某個(gè)聲音，表示無(wú)意識(shí)的動(dòng)作，著重于聽的能力和結(jié)果。如：We hear with our ears.我們用耳朵聽。She listens but hears nothing.她聽了聽，但是什么也沒有聽見。4.many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞；都表示許多。例如： He has many books.他有許多書。He drank much milk.他喝了許多牛奶。

(2)a few和a little都表示“有一點(diǎn)兒”，側(cè)重于肯定，相當(dāng)于“some”，但a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，例如：He has a few friends in London.他在倫敦有一些朋友。Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎？好的，只要一點(diǎn)。(3)few和little表示“幾乎沒有”，側(cè)重否定。few后接可數(shù)名詞，little后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如： He is a strange man.He has few words.他是個(gè)怪人，他幾乎不說什么話。Hurry up, there is little time left.趕快，沒什么時(shí)間了。

5.either/ neither/ both

either可作形容詞，一般指“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”。有時(shí)也可表示“兩個(gè)都??”的意思，后跟名詞的單數(shù)形式；neither: 指兩者中沒有一個(gè)，全否定；both: 指兩者都，肯定。句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，both后面應(yīng)跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Neither of the films is good.兩部電影都不好。（沒有一部是好的）Either of the films is good.兩部電影都不錯(cuò)。（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）Both the teachers often answer the questions.這兩個(gè)老師都常常解答問題。6.take part in/join take part in參加某種活動(dòng);join參加，加入某一政黨或組織。例如：Can you take part in my party.你能來參加我的派對(duì)嗎？We often take part in many school activities.我們經(jīng)常參加學(xué)校里的一些活動(dòng)。He joined the party in 1963.他1963年入的黨。My little brother joined the army last year.我小弟去年參的軍。7.quite/ rather/ very(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相當(dāng)”。如：She is quite right.她對(duì)極了。That's not quite what I want.那并不完全是我所要的。(2)rather 表示程度上的“相當(dāng)”，比預(yù)想地程度要大，通常用在不喜歡的情況下。如：It's rather cold today.今天的天氣相當(dāng)冷。

(3)very 表示程度“很，甚，極其，非?！?，用于修飾形容詞或副詞，既可用在喜歡的情況下，也可用于不喜歡的情況下。應(yīng)注意“a very +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，“a”應(yīng)置于“very”之前，該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)“quite a/an +形容詞+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Two months is quite a long time./ a very long time.兩個(gè)月是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。It's a very nice day / quite a nice day.今天天氣很好。【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1.不定代詞/副詞的運(yùn)用；

2.反身代詞的用法； 3.并列句；

4.形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)； 5.冠詞的用法；

6.動(dòng)詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；

7.本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型； 8.本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語(yǔ)。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。

【中考范例】

1.(2004年江西省中考試題)

---I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.---Oh, I am sorry I ___________ dinner at my friend’s home.A.have B.had C.was having D.have had 【解析】答案：C。該提考查的是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

2.(2004年北京市中考試題)

---Which is _________, the sun, the moon or the earth?---Of course the moon is.A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest 【解析】答案：D。該提考查的是形容詞的比較等級(jí)。三者進(jìn)行比較，其中最小的應(yīng)用最高級(jí)，而形容詞最高級(jí)之前必須加頂冠詞the。3.(2004年河北省中考試題)

Bob never does his homework _________ Mary.He makes lots of mistakes.A.so careful as B.as carefully as C.carefully as D.as careful as 【解析】答案：B。該提考查的是形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別?？瞻滋幩钡脑~是修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)does his homework的，應(yīng)該用副詞。另外，表示“某人做事不如某人細(xì)心”應(yīng)用“not as carefully as”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。

4.(2004年吉林省中考試題)

---I like riding fast.It’s very exciting.---Oh!You mustn’t do it like that, ________ it may have an accident.A.and B.or C.so D.but

【解析】答案：B。該提考查的是連接并列句的并列連詞的選擇。And通常連接兩個(gè)意思一致的并列句，so連接兩個(gè)有因果關(guān)系的并列句，but連接兩個(gè)有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句，or相當(dāng)于if not意思是“否則”。

初三年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】 I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1.at the moment

2.used to 3.for a while

4.walk away with sth.5.leave for some place 6.sooner or later 7.pay for

8.come up with an idea 9.think of 10.have a try

11.all over the world 12.be famous for 13.large numbers of 14.all the year round 15.no matter what 16.give up 17.for example 18.by the way 19.on business 20.so far 21.come true 22.set off 23.slow down 24.go on doing 25.wait for 26.be proud of 27.be afraid of 28.speak highly of 29.a year and a half 30.half a year 31.pick up 32.as soon as 33.keep… clean 34.take care of 35.cut down

36.make a contribution to 37.base on 38.make sure 39.take away 40.begin with 41.right now 42.as soon as possible 43.leave a message 44.all kinds of things 45.walk around 46.fall asleep 47.wake up 48.go on a trip

49.have a good time 50.take photos 51.come out 52.come on

53.have a family meeting 54.talk about 55.go for a holiday 56 go scuba diving 57.write down 58.by oneself 59.walk along

60.get a chance to do sth 61.have a wonderful time 62.book a room 63.have an accident 64.be interested in 65.use sth.to do sth.66.make a TV show 67.be amazed at 68.take part in 69.feed on 70.get out of

II.重要句型

1.Why don’t you do sth.?

2.make sb.Happy 3.borrow sth.from sb.4.forget to do sth.5.pay fro sth.6.return sth.To sb.7.learn sth.from sb.8.be famous for sth.9.No matter what…

10.be with sb.11.go on doing sth.12.speak highly of sb.13.keep doing sth.14.allow sb.To do sth.15.encourage sb.to do sth.16.It is said that…

III.交際用語(yǔ)

1.---Excuse me, have you got …?---Yes, I have.(Sorry, I haven’t.)2.---Why don’t you …?---Thanks, I will.3.---Thanks a lot.(Thank you very much.)---You are welcome.4.---Have you ever done…?---Yes, I have, once.(No, never.)5.---I’ve just done…---Really? 6.---What’s …like ?

7.---How long have you been…?---Since… 8.---Have you ever been to…?

---I’ve never been there.(None of us has./ Only …h(huán)as.)9.---Would you like to have a try?---I don’t think I can…

10.---What have you done since…?

11.---How long have you been at this …?---For…

12.---How long has she/ he worked there…?

---She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / his life.13.---I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.14.---May I help you? 15.---That’s very kind of you.16.---Could we go scuba diving? 17.---Could you tell us how long we’re going to be away? 18.---Let’s try to find some information about it, OK? 19.---Could you please tell me how to search the Internet? 20.---Go straight along here.21.---Please go to Gate 12.22.---Please come this way.23.---Could you tell me what you think about Hainan Island? 24.---That sounds really cool!

IV.重要語(yǔ)法 1.賓語(yǔ)從句

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

3.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法比較： 【名師講解】 1.Maybe/ may be

(1)maybe是副詞，意思是“大概，也許”，常用作狀語(yǔ)。例如： Maybe you put it in your bag.也許你把它放在包里了。“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.”

“他明天來嗎？”“也許不”。

(2)may be相當(dāng)于是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may與be動(dòng)詞搭配一起作謂語(yǔ)，意思是“也許是?，可能是?”。

例如：It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他們可能于九點(diǎn)到達(dá)。The man may be a lawyer.那人也許是律師。

2.borrow/ lend/ keep/ use

(1)borrow表示的是從別人那里借來東西，即我們通常所說的“借進(jìn)來”。例如：We often borrow books from our school library.我們經(jīng)常從學(xué)校圖書館借書。I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher.我從老師那兒借來了這本字典。

borrow是一個(gè)瞬間完成的動(dòng)作，因此不能與時(shí)間段連用。

例如：You can borrow my recorder for three days.(錯(cuò)誤)I have borrowed this book for only one week.(錯(cuò)誤)

(2)lend表示的是把自己的東西借給別人，即我們通常所說的“借出去”。例如：Thank you for lending me your bike.謝謝你把自行車借給我。He often lends money to his brother.他經(jīng)常借錢給他弟弟。lend與borrow一樣，也是一個(gè)瞬間完成的 動(dòng)作，不能與一段時(shí)間連用。

(3)keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借來后的保存或使用階段，是一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間，因此可以與時(shí)間段連用。例如：You can keep my recorder for three days.我的錄音機(jī)你可以借用三天。

I have kept this book for only one week.這本書我才剛借了一星期。(4)use也可以當(dāng)“借用”講，但它的本意是“用，使用”。例如：May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下嗎？He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用這部公用電話。3.leave/ leave for(1)leave意思是“離開，留下”。例如：We left Shanghai two years ago.我們兩年前離開了上海。

He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手機(jī)落在出租車?yán)锪恕?2)leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。例如：We will leave for Tibet next month.我們將于下月去西藏。The train is leaving for Moscow.這趟火車即將開往莫斯科。4.since/ for

(1)since用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，既能用作介詞，也能用作連詞，后常接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，意思是“自從”。例如：

He has been a worker since he came into this city.自從他來到這個(gè)城市，他就是工人了。

I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai.自從我們上次在上海見過之后我再也沒見過他。

since作連詞，還有“既然”的意思。例如： Since you are interested in it, just do it.既然你對(duì)它感興趣，那就做吧。You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.既然你已經(jīng)做完了功課，就開心玩會(huì)兒吧。

(2)for用于完成時(shí)，用作介詞，后常接一段時(shí)間，意思是“經(jīng)過?”。例如： I have learned English for five years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了五年英語(yǔ)了。They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他們已經(jīng)等了你三十分鐘了。

for也可以用作連詞，但意思是“因?yàn)椤薄＠纾?They missed the flight for they were late.他們由于完到了而誤了航班。He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多種原因病倒了。5.neither/ either/ both

(1)neither作代詞是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定，意思為“兩者都不”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如：Neither of the boys is from England.這兩個(gè)男孩都不是來自英國(guó)。I know neither of them.他們兩個(gè)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。

neither用作形容詞，也修飾單數(shù)名詞，意思與作代詞時(shí)相同；用作連詞時(shí)，一般與nor搭配，表示 “既不?也不”。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也遵循就近原則。例如：She neither ate nor drank yesterday.她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football on Sundays.他和我們星期天都不踢球。

(2)either作代詞時(shí)，是指兩者中的任意一方,(兩者之)每一個(gè)，故作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如：Either of the books is new.這兩本書任何一本都是新的.She doesn’t like either of the films.這兩部電影她都不喜歡.either作形容詞, 用來修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思與作介詞時(shí)相同.例如：Either school is near my home.(這兩所學(xué)校中的)任何一所學(xué)校都離我家很近.Either question is difficult.兩個(gè)問題(中的任何一個(gè))都難.either作連詞時(shí),一般與or搭配,表示兩者選其一，意思是“不是?就是”。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則。

Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是對(duì)的。Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要來看我。(3)both作代詞時(shí)，指的是所涉及到的“兩者都”, 故作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

I like both of the stories.這兩個(gè)故事我都喜歡。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母兩人都是老師。

both作形容詞時(shí)，用來修飾兩者,意思與作代詞時(shí)相同.Both his arms are hurt.他的兩只胳膊都受傷了。

Both these students are good at English.這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。

both用作連詞時(shí)，多與and搭配，表示“既?又, 不僅?而且”, 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Both piano and violin are my bobbies.鋼琴和小提琴都是我的愛好。They study both history and physics.他們既學(xué)歷史，又學(xué)物理。

6.find/look for/ find out

(1)find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果，意思是“找到”。此外還有“發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺”的意思，后可接賓語(yǔ)從句。

例如：Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不著帽子了。Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丟失的鑰匙了嗎？

He found the lights were on along the street.他發(fā)現(xiàn)沿街的燈都亮了(2)look for的意思為“尋找”，指的是找的動(dòng)作而非結(jié)果。另外，還有“盼望，期待”的意思。

例如：She is looking for her son.她正在找她的兒子。We’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.我們從今天一大早就開始找這輛車了。I look for the coming holiday.我期待著即將來臨的假期。

(3)find out含有經(jīng)過觀察、研究或探索而得知的意思，后常接較抽象的事物，意思是“找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明（真相）”等。例如： I can find out who took my money away.我能查出誰(shuí)拿了我的錢。

Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能設(shè)法知道飛機(jī)何時(shí)到嗎？

7.forget to do/ forget doing

(1)forget to do是指忘記去做某件事了，即該事還沒有做。例如： Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了給我打電話。I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了帶零錢了。

(2)forget doing是指忘記某件已經(jīng)做過的事情，即該事已經(jīng)做了，但被忘記了。例如：He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告訴過我地址了。They forgot having been here before.他們忘了以前曾來過這兒。8.stop doing/ stop to do

(1)stop doing是指停止做某事，即doing這個(gè)動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù)。例如：They stopped debating.他們停止了辯論。（不辯論了）He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red.由于交通燈變成了紅色他不得不停車。

(2)stop to do是指停下來開始做另一件事，即停止原先的事，開始做do這個(gè)動(dòng)作。

例如：She stopped to have a rest.她停下來休息會(huì)兒。（開始休息）They stopped to talk.他們停下來開始交談。9.except/ besides

(1)except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“撇開?不談”,表示兩部分的不同。Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每個(gè)人都很激動(dòng)。（他們激動(dòng)，而我卻不激動(dòng)）All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“除之外?還、除之外?又”，表示兩部分的相似性。例如：Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，還有25個(gè)學(xué)生去看了電影。(他和另外25人都去了)We like biology besides English.除了英語(yǔ)外，我們還喜歡生物。（生物和英語(yǔ)都喜歡）besides還可用作副詞，意思是“此外；而且”，常用于句首或句尾。

例如：He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.他是一名偉大的思想家，除此以外，他還是一位政治家。

They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides.他們不僅鼓勵(lì)我，而且與我以金錢上的支持。

10.keep doing/ keep on doing

(1)keep doing指的是連續(xù)地、堅(jiān)持不斷地做某事，中間不間斷。例如：It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天風(fēng)了。The temperature keeps dropping.溫度持續(xù)下降。(2)keep on doing是指反復(fù)堅(jiān)持做某事，但動(dòng)作之間略有間隔。例如：They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他們已經(jīng)互相通信多年了。After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后，他堅(jiān)持講話。11.seem/ look

(1)seem一般著重于以客觀跡象為依據(jù)，意思是“似乎、好象、看起來?”。例如：The baby seems to be happy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎為那件事感到抱歉。

seem能與to do結(jié)構(gòu)連用，而look不能。例如：It seems to rain.似乎要下雨了。They seemed to have finished their work.他們似乎已經(jīng)完成了工作。

在it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型中只能用seem。例如：It seems that he is quite busy now.他現(xiàn)在看起來很忙。

It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看來沒什么大不了的。

(2)look用作“看起來；好像”時(shí)，常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來判斷，是以視覺所接受的印象為依據(jù)的。

例如：The room looks clean.這間房看起來很干凈。The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起來向她的媽媽。12.such/ so

(1)such常用作形容詞，用來修飾名詞。例如：Don’t be such a fool.別這么傻。

He is such a clever boy.他是如此聰明的一個(gè)男孩。

(2)so是副詞，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。例如：He is so kind!他真好心！

Why did you come so late? 你為何回來得如此晚？

當(dāng)名詞前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少時(shí)，應(yīng)該用so。

例如：He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。

Only so little time is left!才剩這么一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間！

13.either/ too/ also

(1)either用作“也”時(shí)是副詞，常用于否定句句尾。

例如：She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人，我也不是。My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜歡這首歌。(2)too常用于肯定句或疑問句尾，表示“也”。

例如：He likes China, too.他也喜歡中國(guó)。

Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年級(jí)嗎？(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑問句，但一般位于句中。

例如：We are also students.我們也是學(xué)生。

He also went there on foot.他也是走著去的。Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看嗎？

14.if/ whether

在下列情況下只能用whether而非if：

(1)與or not連用時(shí)，只能用whether.We want to know whether you are ill or not.我們想知道你是否生病了。

Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.請(qǐng)告訴我們你是否完成了工作。(2)后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，只能用whether.Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亞當(dāng)不知道是走還是留。

He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他還沒決定是否和我共進(jìn)晚餐。(3)所引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句放在主句之前時(shí)，只能用whether.Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind.我們不在乎將要刮風(fēng)還是下雨。Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是贏是輸她不想知道。(4)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般用whether.The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他們是不是已經(jīng)走了。Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否會(huì)和我一起去還是個(gè)秘密。if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether沒有此用法。We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我們 要進(jìn)行足球賽。I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看見他就告訴他。

If you’re in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危險(xiǎn)，請(qǐng)撥打110。15.cost/ spend/ pay/ take

(1)cost一般用某物來做主語(yǔ)，表示“（某物）值?、花費(fèi)?”，既能指花費(fèi)時(shí)間也能指金錢。The new bike costs me 300 yuan.這輛新自行車花了我三百元。

It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通讀這本書將會(huì)花費(fèi)你整整一周時(shí)間。cost 還可以用作名詞，表示“成本、費(fèi)用、價(jià)格、代價(jià)”等。What’s the cost of this TV set? 這臺(tái)電視機(jī)的成本是多少錢？

They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他們辛苦地工作換來的成功。(2)spend一般用某人來作主語(yǔ)，表示“（某人）花費(fèi)?，付出?”，也能指時(shí)間或金錢，指時(shí)間時(shí)常與 in搭配，指金錢時(shí)常與on或for搭配。

We spent two days in repairing this machine.我們花了兩天時(shí)間修理這臺(tái)機(jī)器。Mr.Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在書上。

(3)pay用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般也以某人作主語(yǔ)，但一般指花錢、付款等，很少用來指花費(fèi)時(shí)間。常與for搭配使用。例如：They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他們花了七十元買票。He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他窮得交不起學(xué)費(fèi)。pay還可以用作名詞，意思為“薪水、工資”等。

It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很難靠這么低的薪水生活下去。(4)take也指“花費(fèi)(時(shí)間、金錢)”，但通常用某事、某物做主語(yǔ)，或用形式主語(yǔ)it.How long will the meeting take? 會(huì)議要開多久？It took me several hours to get there.我花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)才到那兒。16.bad/ badly

這兩個(gè)詞的意思含有“壞、糟、嚴(yán)重”等意思，且它們有共同的比較級(jí)worse和最高級(jí)worst。

(1)bad是一個(gè)形容詞，意思是“壞的，糟糕的，差的，嚴(yán)重的”。

例如：I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)壞人。I had a bad headache.我的頭疼得很厲害。

(2)badly是一個(gè)副詞,意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意為“嚴(yán)重地，非常，極度”。例如：We need help badly.我們急需幫助。His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊嚴(yán)重受傷了。17.interested/ interesting

(1)interested是指“對(duì)?產(chǎn)生興趣的，對(duì)?感興趣的”，一般用人做主語(yǔ)，后常用介詞in.例如：He was interested in biology before.他以前對(duì)生物感興趣。I’m not interested in art.我對(duì)藝術(shù)不感興趣。

(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”，指能夠給人帶來興趣的某人或某事物。例如：

He is an interesting old man.他是個(gè)有趣的老頭。The interesting story attracted me.這個(gè)有趣的故事吸引了我。

18.dead/ die/ death/ dying

(1)dead是形容詞，意思為“死了的、無(wú)生命的”，表示狀態(tài)，可以與一段時(shí)間連用。例如： The tree has been dead for ten years.這棵樹死了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead.這些兔子都是死的。

(2)die是動(dòng)詞，意思為“死、死亡”，是一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用。例如：

My grandpa died two years ago.我爺爺兩年前去世了。The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌癥。

(3)death是名詞，意思為“死亡、去世”等。

The memorial hall was built one year after his death.他死后一年，紀(jì)念館建成了。

His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我們的巨大損失。

(4)dying 是die的現(xiàn)在分詞，用作形容詞，意思是“垂死的、即將死去的”。

The doctors have saved the dying man.醫(yī)生們救活了那個(gè)垂死的人。The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可憐的狗沒有食物,快要餓死了?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在： 1.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序；

2.一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別； 3.本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型； 4.本單元學(xué)習(xí)的日常交際用語(yǔ)。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】

1.（2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題）

---Do you know ________________?---Only ten months old.A.when does Tiger Woods start golfing B.when did Tiger Woods start golfing C.when Tiger Woods starts golfing

D.when Tiger Woods started golfing 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序。這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，應(yīng)為這里說的是過去的事情。語(yǔ)序應(yīng)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，所以正確答案是: when Tiger Woods started golfing。

2.（2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題）

I’m interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.A.pay B.get C.take D.spend 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是pay, get, take和spend這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。只有動(dòng)詞spend可以用在sb.spends time doing sth.這個(gè)句型里，所以正確答案影視spend。3.（2004年天津市中考試題）

Could I ________ your telephone? I have something important to tell my parents.A.keep B.borrow C.use D.lend 【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是keep, borrow, use和lend四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。keep的真正含義是“保留”，borrow的含義是“借入”，lend的含義是“借出”，只有use的含義是“使用”。在這個(gè)句子里實(shí)際上是“使用”的意思，所以應(yīng)選use。4.（2004年鄂州市中考試題）

---Hi, Ann.Where’s your brother? I need his help.---He left home two weeks ago and ________away ever since.A.is B.was C.has been D.had been 【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法區(qū)別。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)；一般過去時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作或過去所處的狀態(tài)；過去完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作或過去的時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的事情；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或剛剛結(jié)束。這里只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。初三年級(jí)（中）【知識(shí)梳理】 I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1.give up 2.try out 3.most of

4.not…any more 5.at the age of 6.at that time

7.send message by telegraph 8.graduate from 9.turn down 10.put up 11.at the top of 12.get together

13.from house to house 14.at the end of 15.on top of 16.as well 17.climb down 18.in a single night 19.even though 20.live on

21.once upon a time 22.according to 23.keep warm

24.on the other hand 25.on show 26.on display 27.in the future 28.look up 29.Tree Planting Day 30.just right

31.as often as possible 32.wash away 33.in this way

34.in a few years' time 35.point to 36.thanks to 37.more or less 38.so far 39.shut down 40.send up 41.put off

II.重要句型

1.set one's mind to do sth.2.put … together 3.stop…from… 4.keep…from… 5.be filled with sth.6.give birth to 7.be covered with 8.be made of 9.fill…with… 10.match…with 11.be used for 12.have nothing to do with 13.come up with 14.no matter how… 15.keep sb./sth.warm

III.交際用語(yǔ)

1.---I'm trying to … 2.---I'll …

3.---Which of these would you like most to …? 4.---What do you want to … ? 5.---I want to… 6.---I hope to … 7.---I plan to… 8.---I'm going to…

9.---I'm so happy that … 10.---I'm glad ….11.---me too.12.---What's this called in English? 13.---What's it made of? 14.---It's made of …

15.---What's it used for? 16.---It's used for …

17.---English is widely used for business/ …

18.---It is one of the world's most important languages as it is so widely used.19.---Where is / are … grown / produced / made ? 20.---The(ground)must be just right… 21.---It's best to …

22.---The hole should not be too deep.23.---The Great Green Wall is 7000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1700 kilometres wide.24.---The more, the better.25.---More or less!

26.---The(ground)must be just right… 27.---The hole should not be too deep.28.掌握以下常見標(biāo)志：

ENTRANCE EXIT PUSH PULL NO SMOKING NO PARKING FRAGILE THIS SIDE UP NO PHOTOS DANGER BUSINESS HOURS PLAY STOP PAUSE ON OFF IV.重要語(yǔ)法

1.動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法； 2.動(dòng)詞不定式的功能和用法?！久麕熤v解】 1.be able to/ can

(1)都能表示“能夠，具備干某件事的能力”這個(gè)含義，此時(shí)可以互換。

Mr.Green is able to finish the work on time.= Mr.Green can finish the work on time.格林先生能夠按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

(2)be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，而can 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其過去式為could。

We are sure he will be able to be an artist when he grows up.我們相信他長(zhǎng)大后能夠成為一名畫家。

Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by herself.林小姐已經(jīng)能夠自己負(fù)擔(dān)那輛車了。

(4)Can除了表示“能夠，有能力做某事”以外，還有如下用法，而be able to 則沒有。表示請(qǐng)求，但語(yǔ)氣沒有could委婉

Can I have a look at this picture? 我能看看這張圖片嗎？

Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m.?我們可以在下午6點(diǎn)之后再離開學(xué)校嗎？ 表示可能性。

That man can’t be our new teacher.那人不可能是我們的新老師。The exam can’t be too difficult.考試不會(huì)太難。2.bring/ take/carry/fetch

(1)bring一般是指拿來，即從別處往說話人這里拿，翻譯成“帶來”。

He brought us some good news.他給我們帶來了一些好消息。

Please don’t forget to bring your homework tomorrow.明天請(qǐng)別忘了把家庭作業(yè)帶來。(2)take一般是指從說話人這里往別處拿，翻譯成“帶走”。

Please take the umbrella with you.It’s going to rain.要下雨了，請(qǐng)把傘帶上。She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了。

(3)carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向，表示“攜帶、背著、運(yùn)送、搬扛”等意思。

They carried the boxes into the factory.他們把箱子搬進(jìn)了工廠。

A taxi carried them to the station.出租車送他們到了車站

(4)fetch表示的是“去取來、去拿來、去叫來”等意思，包含去和來兩趟。

The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者為他們?nèi)砹艘恍┨O果。

Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.媽媽為生病的兒子請(qǐng)來了醫(yī)生。3.whole/ all

(1)whole強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)完整如一，互不分割的整體。

The whole country is suffering the war.整個(gè)國(guó)家正遭遇戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。I just want to know the whole story.我僅僅只想知道完整的故事。

whole在句中的位置是放在所有格，冠詞和指示代詞的之后。

They will spend their whole holiday in Canada.他們將到加拿大渡過整個(gè)假期。（所有格后）She has finished writing the whole book.她已經(jīng)寫完了整本書。（冠詞后）

whole用來修飾可數(shù)名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）。

He ate the whole cake.他把整個(gè)蛋糕都吃了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)整整一個(gè)蛋糕）(2)all強(qiáng)調(diào)由一個(gè)個(gè)部分組成的“全部”。

Miss Green knew all the students in the class.格林小姐認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)班上的所有人。（一個(gè)一個(gè)全認(rèn)識(shí)）

all在句中的位置是放在所有格，定冠詞和指示代詞的之前。

Jim finished all his homework in twenty minutes.吉姆在20分鐘之內(nèi)完成了所有的作業(yè)。（所有格前）

Of all the boys here, he sings best.在這里所有的男孩之中，他唱的最好。（定冠詞前）The boy can answer all these questions.那個(gè)男孩能夠回答所有的這些問題。（指示代詞前）all既能修飾可數(shù)名詞（名詞須用復(fù)數(shù)），又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

All these five books are mine.這五本書都是我的。（修飾可數(shù)名詞）She was worried about her son all the time.她總在為她的兒子擔(dān)心。（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）4.fill/ full

(1)fill常作動(dòng)詞，與with連用，意思是“注滿、裝滿”，也能表示“填空；補(bǔ)缺”的意思。例如：

He filled the box with chalk.他把粉筆裝滿了盒子。The bucket is filled with water.水桶里裝滿了水。

(2)full是形容詞，翻譯成“滿的，裝滿的”，常與of連用。此外還能表示“完全的”和“吃飽的，過飽的”。

All the rooms are full of people.所有的房間都滿人了。

The bus was full.He had to wait for the next one.這輛車人滿了，他只有等下一輛。5.be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be made into

(1)be made of表示“由?制成”, 一般指能夠看出原材料，或發(fā)生的是物理變化。例如：

This table cloth is made of paper.這張桌布是由紙做的。

This salad is made of apples and strawberries.這種沙拉是由蘋果和草莓做的。

(2)be made from也表示“由?制成”，但一般指看不出原材料，或發(fā)生的是化學(xué)變化。例如： Bread is made from corn.面包是小麥做的。The lifeboat is made from some special material.這個(gè)救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的。(3)be made in指的是產(chǎn)地，意思為“于?制造”。The caps are made in Russia.這些帽子產(chǎn)于俄羅斯。

My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.我媽媽喜歡買中國(guó)產(chǎn)的東西。(4)be made into的意思為“被制成為?”。

This piece of wood will be made into a small bench.這塊木頭將要被制成一個(gè)小凳。The paper has been made into clothes for the doll.紙被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。6.none/ no one/ neither(1)none既能指人，又能指物，意思是“沒有一個(gè)，無(wú)一”，常用作代詞，與of連用。None of us has heard of him before.我們沒有一個(gè)人以前聽說過他。I like none of the coats.那些外套我一件都不喜歡。none用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。例如：

None of the answers is true.沒有一個(gè)答案是正確的。None of the rooms are mine.沒有一間房子是我的。

(2)no one只能用來指人，且不能與of連用。例如：

No one is absent.沒有人缺席。I knew no one there.那里我一個(gè)人也不認(rèn)識(shí)。no one用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。

例如：No one agrees with you.沒有人同意你的說法。

(3)neither作代詞是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定，意思為“兩者都不”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Neither of the boys is from England.這兩個(gè)男孩都不是來自英國(guó)。I know neither of them.他們兩個(gè)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。7.found/ find(1)find的意思是“找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)”，其過去式和過去分詞都是found.I can't find my glasses.我找不著我的眼鏡了。He found it boring to sit here alone.他發(fā)現(xiàn)獨(dú)自坐在這里很沒勁。

(2)found是另外一個(gè)詞，與find并沒有關(guān)系，意思是“成立、建設(shè)”，常用作及物動(dòng)詞。

The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中華人民共和國(guó)成立于1949年。

The school was founded by the local residents.這所學(xué)校是由當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裥藿ǖ摹?.hear / hear of/ hear from(1)hear的意思是“聽見；聽說，得知”，后面能接名詞、代詞或賓語(yǔ)從句。

例如： We heard the news just a moment ago.我剛聽說這個(gè)消息。Can you hear me? 能聽見我說話嗎？

(2)hear of的意思是“聽說”，一般指非直接的聽見，而是聽別人說的。后不能接賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：

I have never heard of her.我從未聽說過她。They heard of the film long time ago.他們很久以前就聽說過這部電影。

(3)hear from的意思是“收到來信”，與“聽”無(wú)關(guān)。例如：I often hear from him.我經(jīng)常收到他的來信。

He hasn't heard from his mother for a long time.他很久沒有收到媽媽的信了 9.send/ send for(1)send意思是“送往，派遣”，還有“發(fā)信，寄信”的意思。例如：The company sent him to study abroad.公司派他到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)去了。Mr.Brown sent her children away.布郎夫人送走了孩子們。(2)send for意思是“召喚；派人去取；派人去拿”，而非本人親自去。例如：They have sent for a repairman.他們已經(jīng)派人去請(qǐng)了一名修理工。She sent for some flowers.她派了人去買花。10.get to/ arrive/ reach(1)arrive后不能直接接地點(diǎn)，是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞。若表示到達(dá)一個(gè)相對(duì)大的地點(diǎn)，用arrive in;若表示相對(duì)小的地點(diǎn)，用arrive at.The delegation will arrive in China at 5:00 p.m.代表團(tuán)將于下午5:00到達(dá)北京。

It was dark when they arrived at the railway station.當(dāng)他們到達(dá)火車站的時(shí)候，天已經(jīng)黑了。

When did she arrive here last time? 她上次是什么時(shí)候到這兒的？（副詞前省略介詞）(2)reach能直接接所到達(dá)的地點(diǎn)，是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。例如：They reached London on Friday.他們星期五到達(dá)了倫敦。The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨天才接到這個(gè)消息。reach還有“伸手去取，伸手觸及，聯(lián)絡(luò)”等意思。

Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能夠到樹上的哪個(gè)蘋果嗎？ He can always be reached on the phone.可隨時(shí)打電話跟他聯(lián)系。(3)get在表示“到達(dá)”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)與to搭配使用。We often get to school on foot.我們經(jīng)常步行到學(xué)校。

They got to the top of the hill at noon.他們于中午到達(dá)了山頂?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在： 1.動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法； 2.動(dòng)詞不定式的功能和用法； 3.本單元的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型； 4.本單元學(xué)過的交際用語(yǔ)。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】

1.(2004年北京市中考試題)

Aunt Li often asks her son ________ too much meat.It’s bad for his health.A.don’t eat B.not to eat C.not eat D.to not eat

【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成和用法。這個(gè)句子的基本句型是ask sb.not to do sth.這里，not to eat 是不定式的否定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。2.(2004年嘉興市中考試題)

China is becoming stronger and stronger, so Chinese ________ in more American schools now.A.was taught B.is taught C.teaches D.taught 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。Chinese 是一種語(yǔ)言，只能被人教，因此要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。又因?yàn)檎f的現(xiàn)在的情況，動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。所以選B。3.(2004年河北省中考試題)

This painting ________ to a museum in New York in 1977.A.sells B.sold C.was sold D.is sold 【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。This painting只能被賣，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又因?yàn)槭?977年賣的，所以用一般過去時(shí)。4.(2004年揚(yáng)州市中考試題)

---If you ________ a new idea, please call me as soon as possible.---Sure, I will.A.keep up with B.catch up with C.feed up with D.come up with 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。本單元學(xué)習(xí)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞come up with a new idea意思是想出新主意，正符合題意。

初三年級(jí)（下）【知識(shí)梳理】 I.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1.beg one's pardon 2.multiply …by… 3.slow down 4.wear out 5.try on

6.make a decision, 7.a place of interest 8.make a mistake 9.drop off

10.think about 11.make up one's mind, 12.at all, 13.at least 14.by the time 15.carry on 16.never mind 17.from now on 18.come down 19.hands up 20.before long，21.no one，22.not…any longer

II.重要句型

1.be busy doing sth.2.prefer to do sth.3.regard...as...4.be pleased with sth./sb.5.be angry with sb.III.交際用語(yǔ)

1.---How much does… cost …?

2.---It can cost as little as … yuan and as much as … yuan.3.---It costs ….4.---It's worth ….5.---I don't agree with ….6.---I wasn't sure whether….7.---I wonder if ….8.---What size …?

9.---Have you got any other colour / size / kind? 10.---Have you got anything cheaper? 11.---How much are they? 12.---How much does it cost? 13.---How much is it?

14.---That's a bit expensive.15.---Even though they're a little expensive, I'll take them.16.---I'll think about ….17.---I don't think I'll take ….18.---I like ….19.---I don't really like ….20.---Can I help you, girl?

21.---Would you like me to look in the back? 22.---We can find ….23.---Do you like being …?

24.---Can I ask you some questions? 25.---Sure.26.---It was great.27.---Wow!28.---Yeah!29.---Oh dear!30.---Hands up!

31.---I’ll shoot anyone who moves.32.---There’s no need to thank me.33.---Can you remember anything else about him? 34.---Come down, Polly!35.---There is a little traffic accident． 36.---There's a big traffic jam.37.---Well, I'm sure he'll be here before long.38.---I'm beginning to get angry with him!39.---Yes, we can't wait any longer.Let's go without him.40.---That's terrible!

41.---That's a really bad excuse!

IV.重要語(yǔ)法 1.過去將來時(shí)

2.過去完成時(shí) 3.動(dòng)詞不定式 4.定語(yǔ)從句 【名師講解】

1.think/ think/about/ think of(1)think 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)表示“思考”，接that 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“認(rèn)為”，“覺得”。

I am thinking how to work out the problem.I think she is a good student.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句含有否定概念時(shí)，通常形式上否定think，但意義上卻是否定賓語(yǔ)從句。I don't think he can come.I don't think it will be windy.(2)think about 可接一個(gè)名詞，動(dòng)詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式或賓語(yǔ)從句，意思是“考慮??”。

I have thought about it for a long time.Please think about how to tell her the bad news.(3)think of 表示“認(rèn)為”，一般用于疑問句中，與what 連用。

What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play? 2.big/ large/ great 上述形容詞都表示“大”，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)及程度不同。

(1)big指具體事物的大小，強(qiáng)調(diào)比正常形體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大，既可用在普通場(chǎng)合，也可用在正式場(chǎng)合。它可用來指人的身材高大或“長(zhǎng)大了”，還可表示“偉大”，“重要”之意。如：

Can you lift up this big stone?

On the last day I made a big decision.(2)large特別強(qiáng)調(diào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大，指體積、面積、容積、數(shù)量之大。如： A whale is a large animal.A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.(3)great除了表示數(shù)量體積之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味著偉大性，重要性，優(yōu)越性；常用于抽象

或無(wú)形的東西；用于有形的東西時(shí)，常帶有“偉大”，“大得令人吃驚”等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：

China is a great country with a long history.He was one of the greatest scientists.3.cost/ take/ spend/ pay(1)cost表示“花錢”，花費(fèi)，付出（只能用于錢、精力、生命等；主語(yǔ)必須是物。）The book cost me five yuan.(2)take的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語(yǔ)。It took me five yuan to buy the book..(3)spend，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)句中主語(yǔ)是人I spent five yuan on(for)the book.或I spent five yuan(in)buying the book.(4)pay的主語(yǔ)是人。I paid five yuan for the book.4.expensive/ high/ cheap/ low 這四個(gè)詞在談?wù)摰絻r(jià)格的高低時(shí)，要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價(jià)格“高”，而cheap 與low涉及到價(jià)格“低”。

(1)expensive昂貴的，花錢多的。這個(gè)單詞若談到“價(jià)格高，貨貴”時(shí)其主語(yǔ)不能是價(jià)格，必須是貨物、物品本身。如：This watch is expensive.這只表很貴。These glass-products are not expensive.這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。

注意：cheap表示“價(jià)廉”，“便宜的”，其主語(yǔ)也不能是價(jià)格，必須是物品本身。如： The cheap table was bought from him.這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。This cloth doll is very cheap.這只布娃娃很便宜。

(2)high在表示價(jià)格時(shí)，含義是“高”，low在表示價(jià)格時(shí)，含義是“低”，這兩個(gè)詞不能用于物品本身，只

能用在價(jià)格上。如：The price of this watch is very high.這只表的價(jià)格太高了。The price of this book is not low for me.這本書的價(jià)格對(duì)我來說是不低。下面我們?cè)嚳磶讉€(gè)句子的正誤對(duì)照：

The price of this computer is expensive.(宜改為：This computer is expensive.或The price of this computer is high.)The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.(宜改為：This pen is not cheap for him to buy.或 The price of this pen is not low for him.)5.alone/ lonely lonely 與alone的意思比較接近，但在使用時(shí)有所區(qū)別：(1)lonely用作形容詞，意思是“孤單的；寂寞的”。可指心靈上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點(diǎn)。在句中既可作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)。(2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞，意思是“單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自”，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。

She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.她被帶到一個(gè)荒島上，自己居住，但她從不感到寂寞。6.before long/ long before(1)before long 作“不久以后”講，切不要按字面譯為“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以前”或“好久以前”。如： We hope to finish our experiment before long.我們希望不久（以后）就把實(shí)驗(yàn)做完。

(2)long before 作“很久以前”講。原意為“??以前很久”，故也可譯為“老早”。long before 跟before long

不同，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個(gè)從句；當(dāng)上下文明確時(shí)，名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.我們昨天開始做實(shí)驗(yàn)，但我們?cè)谀且郧昂芫镁鸵呀?jīng)做準(zhǔn)備了。7.as/ when/ while(1)as 是連詞，意思是“當(dāng)??的時(shí)候，一面??一面”，（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)，一般連續(xù)時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)），如：

As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.正當(dāng)我們談?wù)摗疤┨鼓峥颂?hào)”這部電影時(shí)，教師進(jìn)來了。

The students sing as they go along.學(xué)生們邊走邊唱。

(2)When和as一樣都是連詞，注意它們的不同。如when“當(dāng)??的時(shí)候”（一般表示動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生）；

“那時(shí)”（等立連詞，前有逗號(hào)分開）I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain.我一直呆到太陽(yáng)下山，那時(shí)天開始下雨了。(3)while是“當(dāng)??時(shí)候；和??同時(shí)”（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般連續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)）例如：While I was watching TV, he was reading.當(dāng)我在看電視的時(shí)候，他正在看書。While there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望。

8.beat/win/ hit

(1)beat 是動(dòng)詞，意思是“連續(xù)地打;打敗;敲打”。beat后可接人或隊(duì)名。意思是“擊敗對(duì)手?！比纾?/p>

I can beat you at swimming.(2)win意思是“贏得某個(gè)項(xiàng)目”，后面常接“match, game”。如：He won a game.他勝一局。We won a match.我們比賽得勝。

(3)hit意思是“擊中”（有時(shí)可表示“打一下”）。如：The mother hit her child out of anger.媽媽生氣，打了她孩子一下。9.keep doing/keep on doing(1)keep doing側(cè)重表示“持續(xù)不停地做某事”或“持續(xù)某種狀態(tài)”。如：The girl kept crying all the time.那個(gè)女孩一直在哭。The baby kept sleeping about four hours.這個(gè)嬰兒連續(xù)睡了大約四個(gè)小時(shí)。

(2)keep on doing 表示“總不斷做某事”，不表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類

詞連用。如：It kept on raining for seven days.Don't keep on asking such silly questions.10.get/ turn/ become 這三個(gè)詞都可作系動(dòng)詞用，表示狀態(tài)的變化，后跟表語(yǔ)，但三個(gè)詞的用法稍有不同。get強(qiáng)調(diào)情感、氣候和環(huán)境的變化；turn強(qiáng)調(diào)色彩的變化；而become則強(qiáng)調(diào)職務(wù)、職稱等的變化。如：

The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白天越來越短。She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出問題，臉紅了。When did you become a teacher?-Ten years ago.你什么時(shí)候當(dāng)?shù)睦蠋?？十年前?1.steal / rob 從意思上講steal表示偷竊的意思。而rob表示搶劫的意思；從搭配上來講，steal sth from sb/sth;而rob則用rob sb/sth of sth;例如：He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.They robbed the bank of one million dollars.12.see/look/watch/notice 在英語(yǔ)中，see，look，watch，notice都有“看”的意思，要注意他們的區(qū)別。see意為“看到”，表示視覺器官有意識(shí)或無(wú)意識(shí)地看到物體，強(qiáng)調(diào)“看到”的結(jié)果。look意為“看”，表示有意識(shí)地觀看，強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的動(dòng)作。watch意為“觀看，注視”，指以較大的注意力觀看。notice意為“看到，注意到”，指有意識(shí)的注意，含有從不注意到注意的變化的意義。例如： What can you see in the picture？在圖畫中你能看到什么？ Look!How happily they are playing！看！他們玩得多高興??！He’s watched TV for over two hours．他看了兩個(gè)多小時(shí)的電視。He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意到地上有個(gè)錢包。13.Shoot/ shoot at shoot是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“射中，射死”，賓語(yǔ)多為人或動(dòng)物等。而shoot at是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組，意為“向??射擊”，至于射中或射死與否不得而知。如：

The man shot five birds in the forest．那個(gè)人在森林里射死（中）了五只鳥。The hunter shot at the bear．獵人朝熊射擊了。They shot at the she－wolf，but didn't shoot her．他們向那只母狼射擊，但是沒有射中／死。14.escape/ run away(1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脫”或“逃避”講時(shí)，往往會(huì)有成功之意。如：The old man escaped death．那個(gè)老人死里逃生。The thief escaped from prison．那個(gè)小偷越獄了。

(2)run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”講時(shí)，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。如：Don't let him run away． 別讓他跑了。

口語(yǔ)中escape和run away可以互用。15.so that..../ so...that....(1)so that....為了，以便。引導(dǎo)一個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中往往有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.(2)so...that....既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。

如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在： 1.過去將來時(shí)；

2.過去完成時(shí)； 3.動(dòng)詞不定式； 4.定語(yǔ)從句；

5.本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型； 6.本單元學(xué)過的交際用語(yǔ)。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子?！局锌挤独?/p>

1.(2004年濟(jì)寧市中考試題)

He wanted to know ______________.A.whether he speaks at the meeting

B.when the meeting would start B.what he’s going to do at the meeting D.where would the meeting be held

【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，所以從句應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)，這就排除了A和B。賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是陳述句的語(yǔ)序，所以只有B是對(duì)的。

2.(2004年煙臺(tái)市中考試題)

---Why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday?---Because I ___________ it before.A.had watched B.have seen C.have watched D.had seen 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的搭配以及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別?？措娪傲?xí)慣商用see a movie, 又因?yàn)檎f的昨天以前發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。只有D正確。

3.(2004年重慶市中考試題)

---Did you win the football game?---Bad luck.Our team __________ in the final one.A.won B.beat C.was won D.was beaten 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞搭配和動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞win通常和比賽一類的詞連用，不與人或隊(duì)連用，因此可以排除A和C。beat是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，既然我們的運(yùn)氣不好，就是輸了，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4.(2004年廣州市中考試題)

---Who is the man ________ was talking to our English teacher?---Oh!It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞的選擇。由于先行詞是人，可以排除A和D。而該詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，只有B合適。

沒事就用這些詞練練你的嘴皮子~~

●說吧，你是想死呢還是不想活了？ ●好久沒有人把牛皮吹的這么清新脫俗了！

●你給我滾，馬不停蹄的滾……

●人人都說我丑，其實(shí)我只是美得不明顯。

●無(wú)理取鬧,必有所圖！

_________________________________________________

●天被熬亮了。

第三篇：初一至初三全程英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)

初一至初三全程英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)

§299

seat/sit

Ⅰ.seat多用作名詞。表“座位”，當(dāng)它用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表“坐、就座”，是及物動(dòng)詞，與反身代詞連用。如：

①

Heseatedhimselfatadesk.他在桌旁坐下。

②

Pleasebeseated,gentlemen.請(qǐng)就座，各位先生。

③

Pleasegobacktoyourseat.請(qǐng)回到你的座位上去。

Ⅱ.sit為不及物動(dòng)詞。如：

①Sitdown,please.§300

seesbdoingsth/dosth

Ⅰ.seesbdoingsth.“看見某人正在做某事”，用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

Ⅱ.seesbdosth.“見到某人做了某事”，表動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，即動(dòng)作的全部過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。類似的動(dòng)詞還有：hear,feel,watch,等感官動(dòng)詞，及have,let,make等使役動(dòng)詞。如：

①Shesawaboygointoyourclassroom.她看見一個(gè)男孩進(jìn)了人的教室。

②Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看見他正在街上散步。

③TheteacherheardjimreadingEnglishwhenshecamein.老師進(jìn)來時(shí)，聽見jim在讀英語(yǔ)。

§301

so?that/such?that

Ⅰ.sothat可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句中常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could等。如：

①

Theyclimbedhighersothattheymightseefarther.他們爬得更高，以便看得更遠(yuǎn)。

②

IgotupearlythismornignsothatIcaughtthefirstbus.今天早晨我起得很早，結(jié)果趕上了頭班車。

Ⅱ.so?that“如此??以致??”，so是副詞，在其后可跟形容詞或副詞，再跟that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

①

Hespokesofastthatnoonecouldunderstandhim.他說得太快，沒人能聽得懂。

②

TheT-shirtcostsolittlethatsheboughtseveral.那件T恤衫很便宜，她買了好幾件。

Ⅲ.such?that與so?that同意。但such后跟名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。如：

①

Sheissuchagirlthateveryonelikesher.她是個(gè)人人喜歡的女孩。

②

HemadesuchrapedprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglishforanAmericannewspaper.他進(jìn)步如此之快，以至于不久就開始用英語(yǔ)給一家美國(guó)報(bào)紙撰稿了。

[注]：如果名詞前為many修飾時(shí)，用so而不用such.見下節(jié)例子。

§302

so/such

Ⅰ.兩者都可以表“這樣、如此”之意。So是副詞，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如：

①

Iamsogladtohearfrommyfriend.收到朋友的信我真高興。

②

Hewritessowell.他寫得這么好。

Ⅱ.Such是形容詞，用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其后需加不定冠詞a或an.如：

①

Hetoldussuchafunnystory.他給我講了一個(gè)很有趣的故事。

②

youareinterestedinsuchthings.你對(duì)這樣的事感興趣。

[注意]：當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，也可以有so,但要調(diào)整冠詞的位置。

①

Hetoldussofunnyastory.他給我講了一個(gè)如此有趣的故事。

如果被修飾的名詞前有表“多”或“少”這兩個(gè)意義的many,much,small和little時(shí)，用so而不用such.如：

①

Don’tbamehim.Heisjustsuchalittleboy.別責(zé)備他，他只是這么小的一個(gè)孩子。

②

wehavealongwaytogoyet,butthere

’ssolittlewaterleft.我們還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走，但所剩的水已很少了。

§304

socks/stockings

Ⅰ.socks指不到膝蓋的“短襪”如：

①

Heboughtapairofnylonsocks.他買了一雙尼龍襪。

②

mysockshavebeendarned[da:nd]againandagain.我襪子已經(jīng)一補(bǔ)再補(bǔ)。

Ⅱ.stockings指到膝蓋或過膝蓋的“長(zhǎng)襪”。如：

①

Sheboughtapairofsilkstockings.她買了一雙長(zhǎng)絲襪。

§305

sometime/sometime/sometimes/sometimes

Ⅰ,sometime,是副詞，意為“在某個(gè)時(shí)候”，可與將來時(shí)連用，也可以與過去時(shí)連用。如：

③

Hewasheresometimelastyear.去年某一時(shí)候他在此地。

④

weshallvisittheSciencemuseumsometimenextweek.我們將在下周的某一時(shí)候去參觀科學(xué)館。

Ⅱ.sometime是名詞詞組，意為“一段時(shí)間”。也可副詞詞組，用來指一個(gè)未肯定的時(shí)間，常指將來，可與sometime通用。

①

Istayedhereforsometime.我在這兒呆了一段時(shí)間。

②

Let’shavedinnersometimenextweek.下星期我們找個(gè)時(shí)間一塊吃頓飯。

Ⅲ.sometimes.“有時(shí)、不時(shí)”，是頻度副詞，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)連用。如：

②

Sometimestheymakemodesships.有時(shí)他們制作輪船模型。

Ⅳ.sometimes“幾次、幾倍”表次數(shù)或倍數(shù)。如：

①

wehavebeentheresometimes.我們?nèi)ツ莾簬状瘟恕?/p>

§306

sound/voice/noise

Ⅰ.sound“聲音”，為最常用詞，指可以聽到的任何聲音，強(qiáng)的，弱的，令人愉快的或不愉快的，有意義的或無(wú)意義的。如：

①

Iwasreadinglastnight,whensuddenlyIheardasoundinthenextroom.昨晚我正看書時(shí)，突然聽到隔壁房間有聲音。

②

Notasoundwasheard.聽不到一點(diǎn)聲音。

Ⅱ.noise常指太響或人們不愿聽到的聲音，“嘈雜聲、喧鬧聲”。

①

Iamalwaysdisturbedbythenoiseofthetraffic.我老受到車輛噪聲的打擾。

②

Theboysmadetoomuchnoise.孩子們太吵鬧了。

Ⅲ.voice指“說話聲”“唱歌聲”“嗓音”如：

①

Thatsoundslikemary’svoice.那聲音聽起來好象瑪麗的聲音。

②

Shehaslosthervoice.她嗓子啞了。

§307

space/universe

Ⅰ.space“宇宙”指“空間，時(shí)間”如：

①

Theearthmovesthroughspace.地球在太空中運(yùn)行。

②

Themoonisournearestneighbourinspaceandmenhavevisiteditalready.在宇宙里，月球是我們最近的鄰居，人們已經(jīng)訪問過它了。

③

Thereisn

’tenoughspaceintheclassroomforthirtydesks.教室里沒有足夠的空間放三十張桌子。

Ⅱ.universe“宇宙”是世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。前要用定冠詞the.除指時(shí)、空外，還指在時(shí)、空內(nèi)萬(wàn)事萬(wàn)物。

①

ourworldisonlyasmallpartoftheuniverse.我們的世界只是宇宙的一小部分。

§308

steal/rob

Ⅰ.steal“偷”，指暗中盜取，句型為“steal+被盜物+from+被盜人或地點(diǎn)”。如：

①

Theircarwasstolen。他們的汽車被偷了。

②

Hestolesomemoneyfromher.他偷了她的錢。

Ⅱ.rob“搶劫”，指公然用暴力搶劫他人物品，句型為：“rob+被盜人或地點(diǎn)+of+被盜物”。如：

③

Theircarwasrobbed.他們的汽車被搶了。

④

Herobbedherofhermoney.他搶了她的錢。

[注]：和steal相關(guān)的名詞是“thief”；和rob相關(guān)的名詞是robber“強(qiáng)盜，盜賊”

§309

stopdoingsth/stoptodosth/

stopfromdoingsth

Ⅰ.stopdoingsth.“停止做某事”表停止正在做的事情。如：

①

Theystopedtalkingtome.他們中斷了與我交談。

②

Stoprunningabout.不要亂跑。

Ⅱ.stoptodosth.“停下來去做某事”即停止正在做的事，而去做另一件事。不定式為stop的目的狀語(yǔ)。如：

③

Theystoppedtotalktome.他們停下來和我交談。

④

Let’sstoptohavearest讓我們停下來休息一會(huì)兒。

Ⅲ.stop.fromdoingsth.“阻止某人/物不要做某事”from可省略。=preventsb.fromdoingsth;keepsb.fromdoingsth.但keep~中的from不能省略。如：

⑤

wemuststophimdoingsuchafoolishthing.我們必須阻止他做這樣的蠢事。

⑥

TheGreenGreatwallstoppedthewindblowingthesandtothefieldofthesouth.⑦

you’dbetterkeepthefire

你最好

§310

stop/station

Ⅰ.stop表“站”，一般指路途的公共汽車?？奎c(diǎn)。

Ⅱ.station著重指車、船等的始發(fā)和終點(diǎn)站，范圍較前者在。如：Thebusstopisinfrontofthestation.§311

subject/theme/topic

Ⅰ.subject“題目、科目”是應(yīng)用最廣泛的用語(yǔ)，可指討論、研究、寫作或藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作等的題目。如：

①

Let’schangethesubject.讓我們改換話題吧。

②

Ihavestudiedthesubject.我研究過這個(gè)題目。

Ⅱ.theme“題目、主題”，尤指文學(xué)或藝術(shù)作品的主題。如：

①

Thestudentsarediscussingthethemeofanovel.學(xué)生們?cè)谟懻撔≌f的主題。

②

waterfallsarefromveryearlytimesafavouritethemeforthepainter.瀑布很早就是畫家喜愛的主題。

Ⅲ.topic“題目”指選定作為個(gè)人寫篇或一些人進(jìn)行討論的題目。如：

① Thestudentswereaskedtowriteanessay[e

｀sei]ononeoftheassigned[?｀saind]topies.要求學(xué)生根據(jù)指定題目當(dāng)中的一題寫。

②

Baseballistheirfavouritetopicofconversation.棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)是他們最喜好談?wù)摰脑掝}。

[注]：title

指書籍、詩(shī)歌、圖畫等的名稱以及標(biāo)題。

§312

surprise/surprising/surprised

Ⅰ.surprise作名詞，意為“驚奇，詫異”。如：

①

Tomysurprise,theylost!使我驚奇的是他們輸了！

②

Hesaidtomeinsurprise,“can’tyouskate?”他驚奇地對(duì)我說：“你不會(huì)滑冰”？

Ⅱ.surprise作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使人驚奇，使感到意外”。如：①yousurpriseme.你真使我驚奇。

Ⅲ.surprising是現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞用，意為“使驚奇的，出人意料的”，常指物。如：

Thesurprisingsuccessmakesusveryhappy.這出人意料的成功使我們非常高興。

Ⅳ.surpised是過去分詞作形容詞用，指人“對(duì)。。。感到驚奇”。如：

we’resurprisedatyourwords.對(duì)你的話我們感到詫異。

[聯(lián)想]現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞表“進(jìn)行”，“主動(dòng)”的含意；而過去分詞常表“完成”，“被動(dòng)”的含意。類似的詞還有exciting/excited;interesting/intereisted,relaxed/relaxing,如：

①

Iwassurprisedatthenews.我對(duì)這消息感到吃驚。

Thenewsissurprising.這消息令人感到驚奇。

②

weareallinterestedinheridea.我們對(duì)她的想法感興趣。

Shehasaninterestingidea.她有一個(gè)有趣的想法。

§313

talkwith/talkof/talkon/talkabout

Ⅰ.talkwith后接的對(duì)象作賓語(yǔ)，介詞with可用to代替。如：

①

Hewastalkingwith/toafriend.他在與一位朋友談話。

Ⅱ.talkabout“談?wù)摗?，后接談話的?nèi)容，賓語(yǔ)可以是人，也可以是物。如：

①

whatareyoutalkingabout?你們?cè)谡務(wù)撌裁矗?/p>

②

Let’snottalkaboutitnow.咱們別談這事了。

Ⅲ.talkof“談到、談及”，與talkabout同義，只是talkof僅指“淺談表面現(xiàn)象（如作者、書名等）”如：

①

weoftentalkofyou.我們常談到你。

Ⅳ.talkon“論述”不僅指內(nèi)容，而且還指評(píng)論。如：

①

Theyseldomtalkonpoliticsinthosedays.那時(shí)候他們很少談?wù)撜巍?/p>

§314

telephone/ring/ringup

Ⅰ.telephone“打電話”是及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞、代詞或從句。也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，其后用介詞to再接賓語(yǔ)。它可縮略為phone.多用于口語(yǔ)中。如：

①

DidyoutelephoneLiLei?

②

Telephonemetomorrow.③

Hetelephonedthathecouldn’tattendthemeeting.Ⅱ.ring“打電話”可用作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。如：

①

Hewantedyoutoringhim.他要你打電話給他。

此外：ringfor按鈴叫（某人）；ringback回電話；ringoff掛斷電話。

Ⅲ.ringup“給??打電話”（=callup）如：

①Iwillringhimup.我會(huì)打電話給他。

§315

tellof/tellabout

一般情況下tellof可與tellabout換用。Tell之后常接表示人的名詞或代詞，介詞of與about后接談到的事情或內(nèi)容。但在表示提起某事時(shí)傾向于tellof；在表示詳細(xì)地講述有關(guān)情況時(shí)，傾向于tellabout。如：

①

Haveyoutoldyourmotherofyouridea?你把比的想法告訴你母親了嗎？

②

Itoldheraboutthattheotherday.前些天我和她談了這件事。

§316

thanksfor/thanksto

Ⅰ.thanksfor=thankyoufor“為??謝”強(qiáng)調(diào)謝的原因。如：

①

Thanksforlendingmeyourumbrella.謝謝你借給我雨傘。

②

Thankyouforyourdictionary.謝謝你的字典。

Ⅱ.thanksto“多虧了??”；“由于??的幫助”相當(dāng)于becauseof?或withthehelpof?,在此短語(yǔ)中，to是一個(gè)介詞，后接名詞或代詞。如：

①

Thankstothedoctor,Iamwellagain.多虧這位醫(yī)生，我身體又康復(fù)了。

②

Thankstoourteachers,weallpassedtheexam.多虧了老師的幫助，我們都及格了。

③

Thankstoyourhelp,Ifinishtheworkontime.多虧了你的幫助，我才能按時(shí)完成工作。

§317

that/who/which

Ⅰ.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose，which，that等。關(guān)系副詞有：where（地點(diǎn)）when，why等。

Ⅱ.that在從句中指物，也可指人，可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。如：

①

waterthatispollutedoftencausesserousillness.受污染的水常會(huì)引起重病。（that在句中指物，用作主語(yǔ)）

②

Doyouhaveeverythingthatyouneed?你所需要的東西都有了嗎？

③

Heisthemanthattheytalkedaboutjustnow.他時(shí)剛才他們談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。

④

Doyouknowthemanthat/whospokejustnow?你認(rèn)識(shí)剛才講話的人嗎？

Ⅲ.who和whom在句中指人，分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。如：

①

Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.醫(yī)生是保護(hù)人們健康的人。

②

IhavejustmetaladywhomIsawlastweek.我剛遇上一位我上星期見過的人。

Ⅳ.which在從句中指物，可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。如：

①

myauntwasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.我阿姨不在剛才到達(dá)的那列火車上。

②

Thisisthecoatwhichyouwanted.這就是你要的那件外套。

Ⅴ.whose在從句中多指人，也可指物，用作定語(yǔ)。如：

①

youaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.只有你的話他可能聽。

②

I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一個(gè)窗戶面臨大海的房間。

[注意]：在下述情況下，定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)連詞只能用that.:

Ⅰ

.先

行

詞

是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)，如：

①

onlyascientistcouldunderstandallthatthispursuitmeant.只有科學(xué)家知道這追求意味著什么。

②

Iamsureshehassomethingthatyoucanborrow.我相信她有你能借到的東西。

③

Everythingthatwesawwasofgreatinteresttous.我們對(duì)見到的一切都感興趣。

④

ThereislittlethatIcanuse.我能用的東西幾乎沒有。

⑤

Hesawmuchthatwasbad.他見了很多壞東西。

[注]：①先行詞是something時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that或which都可以。

②

先

行

詞

是

：someone,anyone,everyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that或who都可以。

Ⅱ

.先

行

詞

被all,every,veryno,some,any,little,much等修飾時(shí)，如：

①

Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.我把你給我的書全都看了。

②

Heistheverymanthatcamehereyesterday.他就是昨天來的人。

Ⅲ.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：

①

ThisisthefirstcompositionthathehaswritteninEnglish.這是第一篇他用英語(yǔ)寫的作文。

②

Thesmallestlivingthingsthatcanbeseenunderamicroscopearebateria.在顯微鏡下我們能看見的最小的東西是細(xì)菌。

③

?ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.這是我讀過的最好的小說。

Ⅳ.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修飾時(shí)。

①

ThatwhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.白花是我唯一真正喜歡的花。

②

ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.這正是我想要的書。

③

Thelastplacethatwevisitedwasthechemicalworks.我們最后參觀的是化工廠。

Ⅴ.當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用that與主句連接，而不能用who/whom/which引導(dǎo)。如：

①

Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited

.他談了關(guān)于他訪問過的老師和學(xué)校的情況。

Ⅵ.當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，關(guān)連詞只能用that.而不能用who/whom/which.如：

①

whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?站在門口的那人是誰(shuí)。

②

whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?我們當(dāng)中哪一個(gè)懂物理的人不知道這個(gè)？

[注]：在使用一些固定搭配的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，that與其它關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以互用，其介詞不能提前，而必須放在動(dòng)詞之后，這時(shí)指物用that,which均可，指人時(shí)用who,whom,that均可.①Thisisthekeywhich/thatyouarelookingfor.②Heisamanyoucansafelydependon.他是你能依賴的人。

③

Thepersonwhom/that/whohelooksafterishismother.§318 thinkof/thinkabout/thinkover

Ⅰ.thinkof“想起、記起；有??想法、看法；對(duì)??有意見；考慮”如：

①willyouthinkofmeafterI’veleft?我離開后，你還會(huì)記著我嗎？

②Iknowthepersonyoumean,butIcan’tthinkofhisname.我知道你講的人是誰(shuí)，但記不起他的名字。

④

wearethinkingofgoingtoSpainforourholidaythisyear.我們今年有到西班牙去休假的想法（打算）。

⑤

whatdoyouthinkofmynewdress?你認(rèn)為我的新衣服怎么樣？

⑥

Shethinksofnoonebutherself.她除自己外不考慮任何人。

Ⅱ.當(dāng)它作“想到過去的某事”或“考慮到某事”解時(shí)，常與thinkabout通用。即：“??考慮”；“對(duì)??看法”

①

wehavemanythingstothinkof/aboutbeforegoingthere.在動(dòng)身去那之前，我們還有許多事情要考慮。

②

見Ⅰ④

Ⅲ.thinkabout可以表“想、回想”著重于想的過程。如：

①

IamthinkingaboutthefriendsIhavelost.我正在回想那些失去了的朋友。

[注]：thinkof可以表“想象一下，想想”而thinkabout則不能?！鶷hinkofyourmother!想想你的母親吧！

—→Thinkofthedanger!想象一下危險(xiǎn)吧！

Ⅳ.thinkover“仔細(xì)考慮”其中over是副詞。如：

①Iwillthinkthethingover.我要把這事仔細(xì)考慮一下。

§319

thinkmuchof/thinkhighlyof/

thinklittleof/singhighpraiseof/speakhighlyof

Ⅰ.speakhighlyof“高度評(píng)價(jià)，贊揚(yáng)”，相當(dāng)于thinkhighlyof如：

①

ourheadmasterspokehighlyofmyclassmatesatthemeeting.我們校長(zhǎng)在會(huì)上高度贊揚(yáng)了我班的同學(xué)。

②

ThepeoplespeakhighlyoftheTVplay.人們對(duì)這部電視劇評(píng)價(jià)很高。

[注]speak構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：

speakEnglish講英語(yǔ)（某種語(yǔ)言）；speaktosb.和某人交談；

speakwell/illof說??的好/壞話；speaklikeabook大膽地說

speakforoneself為自己辯護(hù)。

Ⅱ.thinkmuchwellof“對(duì)??印象很好”如：

①

weallthinkwellofyoursuggestion.我們都認(rèn)為你的建議很好。

Ⅲ.thinklittle/poorly/badlyof“對(duì)??印象不好”如：

①

youthoughtverybadlyofhimatfirst,didn’tyou?起初你對(duì)他印象很壞，是吧？

Ⅳ.thinkmuchof“比??更看重（考慮得多）”如：

①

Hethoughtmoreofhealththanofmoney.和金錢相比他更看重健康。

Ⅴ.singhighpraisefor“高度贊揚(yáng)某人/某物”

§320

till/until

till和until都可作介詞或連詞，其用法有兩種：

Ⅰ.在肯定句中，意為“到??為止”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要求是延續(xù)的。如：

①

Ishallstayheretill/untilnextday.我將留在這兒一直到下星期天。

Ⅱ.在否定句中，意為“直到??才??”，表這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作直到till/until所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。如：

①

Theyarenotgoingbacktoworkuntil/tilltheygetmoremoney.他們要等到增加了工資才復(fù)工。

§321

todosth/doingsth

動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)詞的ing形式，都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。一般地，不定式表示：具體的，某一次特定的或?qū)淼男袨?。而?dòng)詞的-ing形式則表示：抽象的，一般地，具有普遍性的，或正在進(jìn)行的行為。在句中都能作：主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)等。如：

①

Ilikeswimming,butIdn’tliketogotoday.我喜歡游泳，但今天我不想去。

[注]：下列動(dòng)詞接todosth.和doingsth的不同意義：

．

2．3．

4．5．

6．7．

§322

towards/to/for

Ⅰ.for“向??”，接在leave,start,depart等動(dòng)詞之后，表方向。如：

①

SheisleavingforBeijing.她將動(dòng)身到北京去。

Ⅱ.towards僅表“方向”，比f(wàn)or的意味要強(qiáng)。如：

①

Heiscomingtowardsthehouse.他向這房子走來。

Ⅲ.to“向，朝??”表目的地。接在動(dòng)詞come,go,return,proceed,move,march等后。如：

①

Let’sgotoyangzhoubysteamer.讓咱們乘船去楊州吧！

②

SoonafterhisreturntoEngland,hisfatherdied.當(dāng)他回英國(guó)不久后，他的父親便去世了。

§323

treat/heal

二者都是動(dòng)詞，treat意為“治療”，強(qiáng)調(diào)用藥物或醫(yī)療手段醫(yī)治的過程，并不表示治療了效果。heal意為“治愈”，指醫(yī)好傷病。如：

①

Thedentististreatinghisteeth.牙醫(yī)在為他治牙。

②

Thedoctorhealedmyburns.醫(yī)生治好了我的燒傷。

§324

usedtodosth/beusedtodoingsth/

beusedtodosth/would

Ⅰ.Usedtodosth.“過去常常做某事”（現(xiàn)在不做了），只用于過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：

①

Heusedtogetupearly.過去他常早起。（現(xiàn)在已不這樣了）

②

HermotherusedtogoshoppingonFridays,butnowshedoesitonSunday.她母親過去常在周五去購(gòu)物，但現(xiàn)在她周日去了。

Ⅱ.Beusedtosth.“習(xí)慣于做某事”，beused是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎糜诂F(xiàn)在、過去、將來多種時(shí)態(tài)。Be可用get,become等代替。如：

①

Hewillbe/hasbeenusedtogettingupearly.他將會(huì)/已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于早起。

Ⅲ.Beusedtodosth.“被用于做某事”，beused是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，其中不定式表目的，可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。如：

①

woodisusedtomakepaper.木材用來造紙。

[注]：usedto的否定式有兩種：一是：usednotto二是：didn’tuseto如： ①myfatherusednottosmoke.=myfatherdidn

’tusetosmoke.我爸爸過去不抽煙。

② Theyusednottoliveinthecountry.=Theydidn

’tusetoliveinthecountry.其疑問式是將used提前，或添加助動(dòng)詞did.Ⅳ.would是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒有象usedto那樣，有過去和現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比。不能說明是否現(xiàn)在還做不做。

§325very/right/just

Ⅰ.right“正好”“就”“立刻”等。如：

①

mikelivesrightoppositethestreet.麥克就住在街對(duì)面。

②

There’sabigstonerightinthemiddleoftheroad.路正中有塊在石頭。

③

Lilymetanaccidentrighthere.莉莉就是在這兒出事的。

④

She’llberightback.她馬上就回來。

Ⅱ.just作為副詞，常用在祈使句前以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：

①

justthinkoftheresult.試想一下后果吧。

②

justtouchit.你摸摸吧。

③

justwaitamoment,please.請(qǐng)稍等。

Ⅲ.very作為形容詞，常與the,this或my,your等連用，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表“正是那個(gè)”“恰好的”等。如：

①

youaretheverypersonI’mlookingfor.你正是我要找的人。

②

Thetwomenfoughtonthisveryspot.那兩個(gè)男子就是在這個(gè)地方打起來的。

§326

whynot/whydon’t

此兩者都是表建議的句型，一般可以代換。類似的還有：

▲

Let’s?

▲

ShallI/we??

▲

How/whatabout??

Ⅰ.whynot“好的、可以呀、為什么不可以呢？”如：

①--mum,mayIgoouttoplaybasketballnow?–whynot?

③

whynotaskyourteacher?怎么不去問一問你的老師呢？

此外還可表一種不可理解的心情：

①--Iwon’tseethefilmagain.–whynot? Ⅱ.whydon’t

是一種友好的建議（afriendlysuggestion）.無(wú)論在什么場(chǎng)合，使用起來十分親切。后面接主語(yǔ)。如：

①

whydon’tyougoswimming?為什么不去游泳呢？

②

whydon’tIgiveLilysomecolourfulpencils?我給莉莉一些彩筆，好嗎？

§327

work/job

Ⅰ.job“工作”，既可指固定的工作，也可指臨時(shí)的或某項(xiàng)具體的工作，是可數(shù)名詞，前面可用不定冠詞a,也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

①

johnlosthisjob.john失業(yè)了。

②

Therewerejustnotenoughjobs.沒有那么多的工作（可干）。

③

Tom’sfatherislookingforajob.Ⅱ,work是個(gè)普通用詞，泛指一切工作，是不可數(shù)名詞。如：

①

Ihavealotofworktothisevening.教師的工作就是教學(xué)。

②

Ateacher’sworkisteaching.老師的工作就是教學(xué)。

[聯(lián)想]：搭配

apply/hungforajob.求職

get/findajob.找到一份工作

loseone’sjob。失業(yè)

performoddjob.打零工

quitajob.辭職

have/workasidejob兼職

takeapart-time/full-timejobinadepartmentstore.在百貨公司擔(dān)任兼職或?qū)Ｂ毠ぷ鳌?/p>

§328

workat/workon/workout

Ⅰ.workat與workon都可以作“從事于”，后接名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。workat側(cè)重于表示所從事的工作和性質(zhì)，而不在于說明正在做什么。此時(shí)可將workat譯為“學(xué)習(xí)，研究，寫作，致力于”等。如：

①

Theyhaveworkedatthissubjectformanyyears.他們研究這個(gè)課題已經(jīng)有好多年了。

②

Heisworkingatanewinvention.他正致力于一項(xiàng)新的發(fā)明。

Ⅱ.workon側(cè)重于表示“從事某項(xiàng)工作”。可將它譯為“造；創(chuàng)作；畫；做??”。賓語(yǔ)為其具體的對(duì)象。常用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。還可表示：“繼續(xù)工作；對(duì)??起作用”如：

①

we’reworkingonsomewood-cuts.他們正在創(chuàng)作一些木刻作品。

②

Hehasbeenworkingonthispaintingfordays.這張畫他已畫了好些天了。

③

Theywillworkontillsunset.他們將繼續(xù)工作，直到日落。

④

Thismedicinewillworkontheaffectedpart.這藥能對(duì)患部起作用。

§329

worth/worthy

Ⅰ.worth可用作名詞或形容詞，作名詞時(shí)，意為“價(jià)值”，無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式；也可解作“值一定金額的數(shù)量”如：

①

Nobodyknewthetrueworthofhiswork.沒有人知道他的工作的真實(shí)價(jià)值。

②

Givemeoneyuan’sworthofapples.給我一元錢的蘋果。

▲

worth作形容詞時(shí)，只能用作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)，其后常跟錢數(shù)或相當(dāng)于錢的詞，表示：“值多少錢”；跟動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，表示“值得（做）??”。如：

③

Thedictionaryisworth5yuan.這本字典值5元錢。

④

Theplayisworthseeing.這場(chǎng)戲值得一看。

Ⅱ.worthy是形容詞，意為“值得”，主要用作表語(yǔ)，后跟of，再接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式。worthy后也可跟不定式。如表被動(dòng)意思須接不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

①

Sheisworthyofhelp.她值得幫助。

②

Thewatchisworthyofbeingbought.這塊表值得買

③

Thequestionisworthytobediscussed.這個(gè)問題值得討論。

第四篇：仁愛英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)（仁愛版）語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)歸納 Unit 1 The Changing World Topic 1 China has developed rapidly in recent years.1.take place 發(fā)生

eg: Great changes have tanken place in my hometown.2.Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy this holiday!盡管我沒時(shí)間去旅游，但這個(gè)假期我仍然感到很愉快。

though 從屬連詞，用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表“雖然；盡管”，不能與but連用。如：

Though he is poor, he is happy.= He is poor, but he is happy.盡管他很貧窮，但是他很快樂。

3.Could you please tell me something about Chinese teenagers? 請(qǐng)告訴我一些有關(guān)中國(guó)青少年的一些事情好嗎？

Could /Would you please(not)do sth？請(qǐng)（不）做某事好嗎？

eg: Could you please turn down your radio? 請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)聲音調(diào)低好嗎？

Would you please not play football here? 請(qǐng)不要在這兒踢球好嗎？

4.Parents couldn’t afford education for their children.父母供不起孩子上學(xué)。

afford 常與can, could 或 be able to 連用，尤其用于否定句或疑問句，表“負(fù)擔(dān)得起（做）某事；抽得出（時(shí)間）” “(can’t/ couldn’t)afford(to do)sth.”

eg: We can’t afford(to buy)this house because we don’t have enough money.我們買不這房了，因?yàn)槲覀儧]有足夠的錢。

eg: He felt he couldn’t afford any time to play football.他覺得自己沒有時(shí)間踢球了。

5.Our government gives support to poor families.我們的政府能為貧困家庭提供幫助。

give support to sb.= give sb.support 為某人提供幫助/ 支持

support作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表“供養(yǎng)；支持；支撐”，eg: She had to support her family at the age of ten.她十歲時(shí)就得養(yǎng)家。

His parents supported him in his decision.他的父母支持他的決定。

The two sticks support the tree.兩根木棍支撐著這棵樹。

6.Why not go and search the Internet for some information? 為什么不上網(wǎng)查找相關(guān)信息呢？

search sp.for sth.搜查某地尋找某物

search sb.for sth.搜身查找某物

search for sth./ sb.= look for sth./ sb.搜尋某物/ 某人；

eg: The villagers searched the woods for the lost children.村民們?cè)跇淞掷飳ふ沂й櫟暮⒆觽儭?/p>

The police searched the man for the stolen money.警察搜那個(gè)男人的身，查找被偷的錢。

He is searching/ looking for his missing keys.他在尋找他丟的鑰匙。

7.We often went hungry because the boss didn’t give us enough food to eat.我們經(jīng)常挨餓，因?yàn)槔习宀唤o我們足夠的食物。

在這里是系動(dòng)詞，表“變得?”,后跟形容詞,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu).eg: The food on the table went bad.桌面上的食物變壞了.8.One part was used to help support my family, to help send my elder brother to school.a)one part?the other(part)?一部分??另一部分??

b)elder brother 哥哥

elder 作形容詞時(shí), 是old的比較級(jí), 一般表示家庭成員出生的順序,在句中只能作定語(yǔ),可與than連用;而older表年齡的比較,可與 than連用.如:

His elder sister is two older than he.他的姐姐比他大兩歲.作名詞時(shí), 表 “ 長(zhǎng)者;前輩;祖先”, 如:

Their customs were handed down by the elders.他們的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣是由他們的祖先傳下來的.9.But China has developed rapidly in recent years.但是近年來,中國(guó)發(fā)展迅速.in recent years 表 “近年來”,常與完成時(shí)連用.如:

She has learnt a lot of knowledge in recent years.近年來,她學(xué)到了許多知識(shí).10.China has made such rapid progress.中國(guó)已經(jīng)取得如此迅速的進(jìn)步。

progress 為不可數(shù)名詞make progress 取得進(jìn)步

make some/ much/ great progress 取得一些/ 許多/ 巨大的進(jìn)步

11.What has happened to Beijing’s roads now? 現(xiàn)在北京的公路發(fā)生了什么變化？

sth.happen to sb.某人發(fā)生了某事，如：

eg: If anything happens to him, let me know.萬(wàn)一他有什么不測(cè)，就請(qǐng)通知我。

A little accident happened to her yesterday.昨天她發(fā)生了點(diǎn)小意外。

12.They express the rich culture of China as well.他們也表達(dá)了豐富的中國(guó)文化。

as well, too, also均表“也；又”； as well 多用于口語(yǔ)，只用于句末，不用逗號(hào)隔開；

too 多用于口語(yǔ)，用于句末，要用逗號(hào)隔開；

also 較正式，不用于句末；

either 用于否定句，表“也不”，與too 對(duì)應(yīng)。

eg: He likes sports as well.= He likes sports, too.= He also likes sports.他也喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。

He didn’t come, either.他也沒來。

13.keep in touch with 和?保持聯(lián)系

eg: Nowadays，we keep in touch with each other by sending e-mails.14.復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Topic 2 What has happened to the population? 1.I really hate to go such a place.我真討厭去購(gòu)物。--So do I.我也是。

So do I.為倒裝句，表示前面提到的肯定情況也同樣適合另外一個(gè)主體，表“某某也一樣”，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so + be /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”。

eg: Jim is a student, so is Tom.吉姆是一名學(xué)生，湯姆也是。

Jim can swim, so can Tom.吉姆會(huì)游泳，湯姆也會(huì)。

Jim likes sports, so does Tom.吉姆喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)，湯姆也喜歡。

如表前面不怎樣，后面“也不”怎樣時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“ neither/ nor + be /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”。

eg: Jim wasn’t Chinese, neither/ nor were they.吉姆不中國(guó)人，他們也不是。

Jim can’t speak Japanese, neither can I.吉姆不會(huì)說日語(yǔ)，我也不會(huì)。

Jim didn’t go there, neither did I.吉姆沒去那兒，我也沒去。

如前后兩句表達(dá)的是同一個(gè)主體，則不能倒裝，表“的確如此”。如：

eg: Jim is a good student.So he is.吉姆是一名好學(xué)生，的確如此。

Jim swims well.So he does.吉姆游泳很好，的確如此。

2．At that time, China was the country with the largest population in the world.那時(shí)，中國(guó)是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。

population為不可數(shù)名詞，表示人口的多少只能用 “l(fā)arge”或 “small”修飾，提問人口用“what”, 如：

eg: The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.上海的人口比北京多。

What’s the population of China?= How many people are there in China? 中國(guó)的人口有多少？

3.Great changes have taken place in China.中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大變化。

take place 指必然性的“發(fā)生”或有計(jì)劃、安排之內(nèi)的“舉行”。如：

eg: The meeting will take place next Friday.會(huì)議將在下周五舉行。

happen 指偶然的、沒有預(yù)料的“發(fā)生“，其結(jié)果往往給人帶來不幸或麻煩。如：

eg: The accident happened yesterday.事故發(fā)生在昨天。

※兩者都不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

4.The population has increased a lot.人口增長(zhǎng)發(fā)很多。

increase 可作及物動(dòng)詞也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。其含義是“增長(zhǎng)，增加，加強(qiáng)”等。

increase by? 指“增加了??”;increase to?指 “增加到??”

5.?and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China.而且世界上大約五分之一的人口生活在中國(guó)。

one fifth 是分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法。英文分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法：分子為基數(shù)詞，分母為序數(shù)詞，先讀分子后讀分母。當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，分母的序數(shù)詞則變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，直接在詞尾加“s”。eg: one fourth 四分之一； three fourths 四分之三；

one second 二分之一； two thirds 三分之二

注：分?jǐn)?shù)修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和所修飾的名詞保持一致。6．It has worked well in controlling China’s population.它在控制人口數(shù)量方面取得了顯著的功效。

work well in doing sth.表“在??方面很有功效”，eg: Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight.（視力）做眼保健操在保護(hù)視力方面很有功效。

7.Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water.be short of? 表 “缺乏??”

eg: She is always short of money at the end of every month.每個(gè)月底她總是缺錢。

be short for? 表“是??的縮寫”，eg: TV is short for television.TV是television的縮寫形式.8.Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education? 所有的中國(guó)家庭都能給他們的的孩子提供良好的教育嗎？

offer 表“（主動(dòng)）給予，提供”

offer sb.sth.“提供某人某物”如：

I offered him a glass of wine.我敬了他一杯酒。

offer to do sth.“（主動(dòng)）提出做某事”如：

She offered to cook for her mother.她提出幫她媽媽煮飯。8.be strict with 對(duì)?要求嚴(yán)格 eg：Our teachers are strict with us.9.I can’t go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.我得花幾個(gè)小時(shí)，才能到大的商場(chǎng)購(gòu)物。

a)unless = if not 表“除非?;如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

eg: I won’t go unless I hear from you.= I won’t go if I don’t hear from you.如果你不通知我，我就不去。

Unless Bill studies hard, he’ll fail in the exam.如果比爾不努力, 他不會(huì)通過考試的.b)a couple of? 表 “幾個(gè)人或幾件事”，eg: a couple of years ago 幾年前;a couple of students 幾個(gè)學(xué)生

couple 指任何兩件同類的東西;如:

a couple of watches 兩只手表； five couples of cats 五對(duì)貓 pair 指兩件不可分開使用的東西,它們可指兩件互不相連的東西(鞋子、襪子等)，也可指兩部分構(gòu)成的一件東西（褲子、剪刀等）。如：

a pair of shoes 一雙鞋子 a pair of pants 一條褲子 10.on / about 關(guān)于

on：關(guān)于（學(xué)術(shù)性較強(qiáng)）eg：He is writing a book on medicine.about：He is telling us a story about heroes.11.take measures 采取措施

Eg: China has take measures to reduce the pollution.四、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與下列表不明確的狀語(yǔ)連用： 1．a(chǎn)lready 和 yet already “已經(jīng)”（多用于肯定陳述句），如： He has already gone home.他已經(jīng)回家了。yet “已經(jīng);還”（用于否定句或疑問句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已經(jīng)找到他了嗎？ I haven’t finished my homework yet.我還沒完成作業(yè)。

※ already 也可用于疑問句，表“出乎意料或驚奇”

Have you finished your homework already? 難道你已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了？ 2．ever 和 never ever “曾經(jīng)”（多用于疑問句，問初次經(jīng)歷），如：I have ever been abroad.我曾出過國(guó)。never“從未；從來不”（多用于否定陳述句），?；卮餰ver的句型。如： I have never seen him before.--Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出過國(guó)嗎？--No, never.不，從來不。3．just

just “剛剛”（多用于肯定句，位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前），如：I have just tried to call you.我剛剛打電話給你。4．before before “之前”（一般位于句末；常與never呼應(yīng)），如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before.他說他以前從來沒看過這么美的風(fēng)景。Topic 3 The world has changed for the better.1.Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to help them.他們一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)有人需要幫助，就選定適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞絹韼椭麄儭?/p>

a)once 是從屬連詞，表“一旦??就??”,它的從句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))，主句則為一般將來時(shí)?；蛘咧鲝木渚鶠檫^去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。

eg: Once you become interested in playing computer games, you’ll have trouble giving them up.一旦你迷上了電腦游戲，你就很難放棄它。

b)decide on(doing)sth.決定（做）某事，相當(dāng)于 decide to do sth.eg: They decided on spending the holiday in Hainan.他們決定在海南度假。

= They decided to spend the holiday in Hainan.2.The government provides homeless people with nice homes.政府向無(wú)家可歸的人們提供舒適的住處。

provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.提供給某人某物

eg: The school provided the students with food.這所學(xué)校為學(xué)生們提供食物。

= The school provided food for the students.3.I think it’s a wonderful place to live in.我認(rèn)為那是一個(gè)居住的好地方。

to live in 是動(dòng)詞不定式，用來修飾前面的名詞place.在不定式中，如動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后必須跟上相應(yīng)的介詞。

eg: There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的事。

I need a pen to write with.我需要一只筆寫字。

4.It is famous because it has been so successful in helping homeless people return to normal lives.它很出名是因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)成功地幫助無(wú)家可歸的人重新過上正常的生活。

be successful in doing sth.成功地做成某事，相當(dāng)于 succeed in doing sth.如： eg: He was successful in passing the exam.他成功地通過了考試。

They were successful in climbing Mount Huang.他們成功地登上了黃山。

5．In the past sixteen years, Project Hope has raised about 3 billion yuan.在近十六年來，希望工程已籌集了大約30億元。

in the past + 若干時(shí)間，表“近若干時(shí)間來”，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

eg: They have learnt about 500 English words in the past two months.近兩個(gè)月來，他們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了大約500個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。6.復(fù)習(xí)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)和構(gòu)詞法 Unit 2 Saving the earth Topic 1 I can’t stand the environment here.1.I can’t stand the environment here.我無(wú)法容忍這兒的環(huán)境。

stand 表“容忍；忍受”，后接名詞、代詞及動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。

eg: I can’t stand that man, he talks too much.我忍受不了那個(gè)人了，他話太多了。

I can’t stand waiting any longer.我再也等不了了。2.What do you mean by sth.?

某物是什么意思呢? = What’s the meaning of sth ? = What does sth.mean?

3.I hope I can move from here soon.我希望我能早點(diǎn)從這兒搬走。當(dāng)主從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成不定式短語(yǔ)

= I hope to move from here soon.我希望早點(diǎn)從這兒搬走。

4．There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.有幾座工廠正往河里排放污水。

There be + sb./ sth.+ doing sth.表有某人/ 某物正在做某事。eg: There are some birds singing in the tree.樹上有些鳥兒在歌唱。

There is a little girl crying in the street.街上有個(gè)小女孩在哭。5．stop doing sth.停止做（正在進(jìn)行的）事

stop to do sth.停下來去做（另一件）事

eg: It’s late.They will stop working and(stop)to have supper.很遲了。他們將停下來吃晚飯。

The students stopped talking and to listen to the teacher.學(xué)生們停止說話去聽課。6．I’m sorry for making so much noise.很抱歉我弄出這么大的噪音。

be sorry for doing sth.表對(duì)做過的事感到抱歉

be sorry to do sth.表對(duì)當(dāng)前的事感到抱歉

eg: I’m sorry for waking you up yesterday.很抱歉昨天把你弄醒了。

I’m sorry to trouble you.很抱歉打擾你了。

I’m sorry to hear that.聽到那個(gè)（消息）感到很遺憾。

7． Recently it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do,?近來?yè)?jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)許多青少年的聽力和65歲的老人一樣差。

no better than? 表“同??(幾乎)一樣差;不比??做得好” eg: Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam.露西和莉莉考得幾乎一樣糟.= Lucy almost did as badly as Lily in the exam.8.復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)和由for / since 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配使用。a)“for + 時(shí)間段”

與 “since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)”

都表“一段時(shí)間”，常用How long 提問。b)如句中含有非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)。Topic 2 How does pollution hurt the earth? 1.It says that China has become the world’s largest producer and user of coal.它（文章）寫到中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界上最大的煤炭生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)國(guó)。

sth.+ says that? 此句型中主語(yǔ)是事或物，say表用“文字、數(shù)字”說明信息。

eg: It says “ Happy New Year!” on the card.卡片上寫著“新年快樂！”。

The clock says that it is 20:00 now.這面鐘顯示現(xiàn)在是20：00。2.As we know, none of us likes pollution.眾所周知，沒有人喜歡污染。

none與no one 的區(qū)別： none “全無(wú)”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟of 的短語(yǔ);作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)；no one只指人，后不能跟of 的短語(yǔ);作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用作單數(shù)。

eg: He has read none of these books.（指物）這些書他一本都沒看過。

None of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友們沒有一個(gè)喜歡畫畫。

No one is here.沒有一個(gè)在這兒。

none回答how many/ much的問題；no one回答who的問題。如：

A: How many students come to school by taxi? B: None.有多少的學(xué)生搭出租車來上學(xué)？ 沒有人。

A: How much water is there in the bottle? B: None.瓶子里有多少水？ 一點(diǎn)兒也沒有。

A: Who is in the room? B: No one.誰(shuí)在房中？沒有人。

3.When it rains, the soil will be washed away.下雨時(shí)，土壤就會(huì)被沖走。

will be +過去分詞為一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)形式。

eg: The earth will be blown away by the wind.泥土將會(huì)被風(fēng)刮走。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

= The wind will blow away the earth.風(fēng)將會(huì)把泥土刮走。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

5．A lot of rich land has changed into desert, leaving only sand.許多肥沃的土地已經(jīng)變成了沙漠，留下的是遍地黃沙。

a)change? into? = turn? into?

把?..(轉(zhuǎn))變成?

eg: Please change/ turn English into Chinese.請(qǐng)把英語(yǔ)變成漢語(yǔ)。

When the traffic lights change/ turn into green, we can go.當(dāng)交通燈變成綠色時(shí),我們就可以通行。

b)leaving only stand現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ), 表伴隨主動(dòng)。

eg: The children went away, talking and laughing.孩子們說著、笑著離開了。

The girl is looking for her mother, crying loudly.這個(gè)女孩大聲地哭著在尋找她的母親。6．Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.They can also prevent the sand from moving toward the rich land.樹可以防風(fēng)固土，也可阻止風(fēng)沙吹進(jìn)良田。stop / prevent sb./sth.(from)doing sth.阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事 keep sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事

eg: Trees can keep water from running away.樹可以防止水土流失。7.in danger of(doing)sth.處于做某事的危險(xiǎn)中

eg: They are in danger of losing their lives.他們正處于失去生命的危險(xiǎn)中。8.cut down 砍到 Eg：Many trees are cut down every years 9.You may either take a bus or a taxi.你們可能搭公車去或者是搭出租車去。

a)either?or? “要么?要么?并列連詞,連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),根據(jù)就近原則選取謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

eg: You may come either today or tomorrow.你要么今天來，要么明天來。

Either you or he is right.要么你對(duì)，要么他對(duì)。

b)either 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，是代詞，表“二者之一”既可指人也可指物；用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作單數(shù)。如：

A：Ｗo(hù)uld you like coffee or tea? B: Either is OK

你想要咖啡還是茶？隨便都可以。

Either of us is right.我們倆中有一人是對(duì)的。Topic 3 Let’s be greener people.1.We should use both sides of paper, and reuse plastic bags rather than throw them away.我們應(yīng)該把紙的兩面都使用，將塑料袋再次使用而不是輕易扔掉。

both 修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞；而 either 修飾單數(shù)名詞；

eg: There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.= There are a lot of trees on either side of the road.在路的兩邊有許多樹。2.Everyone is supposed to do it.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該那樣做。

be supposed to do sth.指（按規(guī)定、習(xí)慣、安排等）應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事；相當(dāng)于should;用于否定句時(shí)，表“允許”；

eg: Teachers are supposed to/ should know a lot.老師應(yīng)該知道很多。

You are not supposed to smoke here.這里不允許抽煙。

4.First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，當(dāng)你離開房間的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該關(guān)燈。

ought to 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 表 “應(yīng)該;應(yīng)當(dāng)”;語(yǔ)氣比 should 強(qiáng);指道義上應(yīng)該做的事,有時(shí)含有責(zé)備或督促的語(yǔ)氣。should 指主觀上感到有責(zé)任或義務(wù)去做。如：

You ought to help your mother do some housework.你應(yīng)該幫你媽媽做些家務(wù)。We should study hard.我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。其否定式和疑問式：

You oughtn’t to get up so late in the morning.你早晨不應(yīng)該起這么晚。Ought I to tell her the bad news? 我該告訴她壞消息嗎？ Yes, you ought.No, you oughtn’t.Unit 3 English around the world Topic1 English is widely spoken around the world.1.stick v.粘貼，=put up eg: You can stick it on the wall in your room.你可以把它貼在你房間的墻上。2.can't wait to do sth.迫不急待地想要做某事

eg:

I can't wait to fly there!我迫不急待地想要飛往哪里。

又：can't help doing sth.忍不住要做某事，如：I can't help laughing.我忍不住笑了。3.have a good chance to do sth.有個(gè)做某事的好機(jī)會(huì)

eg: You'll have a good chance to practicing speaking English.你將有一個(gè)練習(xí)說英語(yǔ)的好機(jī)會(huì)。

4.practice speaking English 練習(xí)說英語(yǔ)。有的動(dòng)詞后再跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞要用--ing形式，如：practice, finish, enjoy, meind等等。

5.from now on 從現(xiàn)在起，意思相當(dāng)于later on 后來，過后，將來。eg: Try your best and work much harder(at English)from now on.從現(xiàn)在起，盡你最大的努力更努力(得多)地學(xué)習(xí)(英語(yǔ))。6.on business 出差

?eg：Mr.Lee is on business in the U.S.A..7.be similar to...與...相似

eg: Is Spanish similar to English? 西班牙語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)會(huì)相似嗎？ 8.It's possible that...有可能...eg: It's possible that you will have some trouble.你有可能會(huì)遇到一些困難。9.ask sb.for help 向某人求助，求助于某人。eg: I'll ask an interpreter for help.我將向翻譯求助。10.translate A into B 把A翻譯成B，eg: The interpreter translates English into Chinese.這位翻譯把英語(yǔ)翻譯成中國(guó)語(yǔ)。11.in general 一般來說

12.have trouble(in)doing sth.在做某事方面有困難。

eg: In general, he has no trouble understanding people.一般說來，他聽懂別人的說話是沒有困難的。

13.What's more 還有

once in a while 有時(shí)，偶爾，相當(dāng)于at times或sometimes 14.whenever = no matter when

topic 2 English is spoken differently indifferent countries。1.follow = understand 聽懂,理解, 明白, eg: I can't follow you.? Can you speak more slowly, please? 2.be the same as?? 與...相同，eg: Is Australian English the same sa British English? 澳大利亞英語(yǔ)和英國(guó)英語(yǔ)是相同的嗎? 3.I'm flying to Disneyland tomorrow.? 明天我要飛往迪斯尼樂園.?注: 此句中 am flying是表示一般將來時(shí).???英語(yǔ)中,??“位移動(dòng)詞”或稱“趨向動(dòng)詞”?可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 這類動(dòng)詞有“l(fā)eave”, “l(fā)eave for”, “l(fā)eave ? for?”, “come,” “fly?”, “return”, “arrive”, “go”,? “start”(出發(fā)), 等等, 如:? I'm going.我要走了.?? I'm coming!我就來!? My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.4.depend on? 依靠；取決于；依?而定, 如: Sometimes the meaning can change, depending on the country where it is spoken.5.succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事，eg: f you want to succeed in making yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences.如果你想成功地表達(dá)自己的意思, 你就需要了解一些這種不同點(diǎn).6.on one's way to +地名, 在去某地的路上(后接副詞時(shí)不用to)?.? eg: Lucy is on her way to school.露西在回家的路上.??

Tom is on his way home.湯姆在回家路上.[要區(qū)別于By the way順便問/說一下;? in this way用這種方法] 7.see sb.off 為某人送行，eg: Kangkang and Michael?going to the airport to?see them off.康康和邁克爾要去機(jī)場(chǎng)為他們送行.put out 伸出

eg: Michael sees a foreigner putting out his hand with his thumb raised.邁克爾看見一個(gè)外國(guó)人伸出他的手, 拇指朝上.??? [本名還要掌握see sb.doing sth.看見某人正在做某事? see sb.do sth.看見某人做某事, 以及with his thumb raised作伴隨狀語(yǔ).] 8.ask for a ride 請(qǐng)求搭車, The foreigner is asking for a ride.這個(gè)外國(guó)人在請(qǐng)求搭車.9.be worried about...為...擔(dān)心

eg: I'm still worried about my English.我還在為我的英語(yǔ)擔(dān)心.10 as for...? 至于?, 關(guān)于某人/某事

eg: As for the spelling differences, you can easily find them when you use a computer.?? 11.have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困難 注：difficulty作“困難,艱難,費(fèi)勁,辛苦,難度”解時(shí)為un 作“難題,難事,難處,困境,危難”時(shí),為cn eg: We have difficulties understanding foreigners

12.be closed to...? 靠近..., The Disneyland is close to Los Angeles.? 迪斯尼樂園離洛杉磯很近。

13.in person 親自

eg:He helped her with her English in person.14.be fond of...? 喜愛...eg: Children are fond of exciting rides like Pirates of the Caribbean.15.come about 發(fā)生

eg: How did these differences come about? 這些差別是如何發(fā)生的?

Can you tell me how the accident came about? 16.be forced to do sth.被迫做某事

eg: I was forced to take a taxi because I couldn't catch the last bus.?因?yàn)闆]有趕上末班車, 只好坐出租車.17.take in 吸收，如：The English language has taken in many new words from other languages.Topic 3 Could you give us some advice on how to learn English well? 1.make sb understood 使某人被理解

Eg：He say it slowly to make him understood 2.work hard at 努力?

eg:He worked hard at English and at last he passed the final exam.3.advise 建議（后接to do 或V-ing）eg：I advises waiting till the proper time.I advise you to leave now.4.stick to 堅(jiān)持

(to 是介詞，后接名詞或V-ing)Eg：If you stick to the truth ,you have nothing to fear.He sticks to having a talk with his teacher.4.Laugh at 嘲笑

Eg：Don’t laugh at others.5.come to realize 明白

eg：After talking to his teacher,he have come to realize his teacher is always caring for him。5.in order to 為了

(后接動(dòng)詞原形)eg：He gets up early in order to catch the fisrt bus.6.give up 放棄

eg：I always advise my father to give up smoking.7.復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。Unit 4 Amazing Science Topic 1 Spaceship are mainly controlled by computers.1.dream of 夢(mèng)想

Eg：I dream of studying in a university.2.send 寄，送

Eg：I will send a gift to my mother on her birthday.=I will send my mother a gift on her birthday.相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：～ for 派人去請(qǐng)

～off 送行

～ out發(fā)出（光、熱）；長(zhǎng)（葉子）

～ up 發(fā)射

3.no doubt 毫無(wú)疑問

Eg : There is no doubt he is a kind man.4.thanks to 多虧

eg : Thanks to the bad weather we don’t have to do morning exercise.5.turn on 打開

turn off 關(guān)掉

turn up 調(diào)高

turn down 調(diào)低 Topic 2 When was it invented? 1.Because I’m not allowed to play computer games.因?yàn)槲也豢梢酝骐娔X游戲。allow “允許、準(zhǔn)許”的意思。常用于以下幾種形式：

(1)allow +n./prep 如：

We can’t allow such a thing.我們不容許這種事情發(fā)生。

(2)allow sb.to do sth 允許某人做某事 如：

She allowed me to go fishing.她允許我去釣魚。

(3)allow +doing sth 允許做某事 如：

We don’t allow smoking in the reading-room.我們不允許在閱覽室吸煙。

(4)be allowed to do sth 如：被允許做某事

The students are allowed to play games on the play ground after school.放學(xué)后學(xué)生們被準(zhǔn)許在操場(chǎng)上做游戲。

2.It’s made from wood.它用木材做的。

(1)be made in 在??地方制造，后接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。

(2)be made of 用??制造的，表示原材料未經(jīng)化學(xué)變化，仍可看得出原材料。

(3)be made from 用??制造的，表示原材料經(jīng)過化學(xué)變化，已看不出其原樣。

(4)be made by 由（被）??（人）制作，后接表示人的名詞或代詞。

(5)be made into（某物）被制成??

(6)be made up of 由??組成 如：

The TV set is made in Japan.這臺(tái)電視機(jī)是日本生產(chǎn)的。

These houses are made of stones.這些房子是由石頭建造的。

Paper is made from wood.紙是木頭造的。

Was this cake made by your mother?這蛋糕是你媽媽做的嗎？

Metal can be made into all kinds of things.金屬可以制成各種各樣的物品。

The medical team is made up of ten doctors.這支醫(yī)療隊(duì)由10位大夫組成。

4.It’s used for helping us to improve our English.它用來幫助我們提高英語(yǔ)水平。

(1)be used for+ving

be used to do（被）用來做?

強(qiáng)調(diào)用途或作用

(2)be used as（被）作為??而用，強(qiáng)調(diào)被當(dāng)作工具或手段來用。

(3)be used by 被??使用，by后跟人/物，強(qiáng)調(diào)使用者。Eg：Pens are used for writing.鋼筆被用來寫字。

Wood is used to make paper.木材被用來造紙。

English is used as a foreign language in China.英語(yǔ)在中國(guó)被當(dāng)作外語(yǔ)使用。

Recorders are often used by English teachers.英語(yǔ)老師經(jīng)常使用錄音機(jī)。5.They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.它們將不再愿意做我們的人，而要做我們的主人。

no longer（通常在動(dòng)詞前），not?any longer;not?any more（用于非正式文體中）都可表示“（過去曾?）現(xiàn)在不再?”

eg: She no longer lives here.=She doesn’t live here any longer(或 any more).她不在這兒住了。（過去她曾住這兒）7.This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen.在夜間只要天氣晴朗，能看見星星，這種方法就能很好地發(fā)揮作用。

work well 有效 eg：China’s one-child police works well in controlling China’s population.as long as 只要 eg :As long as you work hard ,you must succeed one day.Topic 3 I don’t think aliens can be found in space.1.in the future 將來

Eg：I think people will live on Mars in the future.2.What are you going to be when you grow up?你長(zhǎng)大后干什么？ 3.at a distance of 以?距離

Eg：The moon goes around the earth at a distance of 38.0000 kilometers.4.land on 著陸

Eg: People took some measures to make the plane land on safely.5.be worth doing 值得?

Eg：The book is worth reading 6.I don’t think aliens can be found in space.我認(rèn)為外星人不可能出現(xiàn)在太空里。

(1)當(dāng)think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句含有not的否定詞時(shí)，該否定應(yīng)移至主句，即否定主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：

I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.我認(rèn)為明天不會(huì)下雨。

(2)can +be +過去分詞，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： This can’t be done in a short time.這不是短期內(nèi)能完成的。

7.It has been two days since we landed on Mars.自從我們登上火星以來已經(jīng)兩天了。

it用作主語(yǔ)談?wù)摃r(shí)間，常與since連用。

eg：It is(或has been)three years since we left school.自從我們離開學(xué)校以來已經(jīng)三年了。8.What’s worse, our water supplies were very low.更糟糕的是，我們的水供給是非常有限的。What’s worse 更糟糕的是。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：What’s more 更有甚者；更為重要的是。9.It’s a quarter as big as the earth.它是地球的四分之一大。倍數(shù)表示法：倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as 如：This box is three times as heavy as that one.這只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重。Unit5 Knowing about China Topic 1 How much do you know about China？

1.China is a great country that has about 5000 years of history.中國(guó)是一個(gè)擁有五千多年歷史的大國(guó)。

句中that has about 5000 years of history是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾名詞country。country 是先行詞，that 是關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，也可以用which.。

There are many places of interest which attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year.There are a great number of rivers in China.中國(guó)有許多大河。

2.a(great)number of ? 許多/大量，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；

the number of ?。。的數(shù)量，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

e.g.A number of books are lent out from the library every day.每天有許多書從圖書館被借走。

The number of the students present is not known yet.還不知道出席學(xué)生的數(shù)目。

3.Among them, the Yangtze River is the longest one and the second longest is the Yellow River.其中長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流，黃河位居第二。

句中the longest one，the second longest，“最長(zhǎng)”用最高級(jí)，“第二長(zhǎng)”在最高級(jí)前加上序數(shù)詞second。

e.g.Shanghai is the biggest city in China and Beijing is the second biggest one.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市，北京位居第二。4.hear of 聽說

Eg：Have you heard of the romantic story

That’s the most fantastic place that I have ever heard of.那是我聽說過的最奇妙的地方。

Hear from 收到?的來信

（已經(jīng)含有收信的意思，無(wú)需用letter）= receive a letter from 5.lose oneself in ? 意為“沉浸于?”

Eg：The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose themselves in it.如此迷人的景色常常使得游客流連忘返。

6.It severs as a bridge which connects the mainland with the rest of the world.它（香港）是連接祖國(guó)大陸與世界其他地方的橋梁。

7.be considered as = be regarded as

“被看作?，被認(rèn)為?”，而regard ?as 意為“把?看作，把?認(rèn)為，as 是介詞，后接名詞。

Eg：As we know, Taiwan is considered as the Treasure Island of China.臺(tái)灣被認(rèn)為是“中國(guó)寶島”。

8.fetch 去取回來

eg：If you are thirsty ,I can fetch you a bottle of water.9.introduce 介紹

(～sb to sb)eg：Boys and girls ,let me introduceTom, your new classmate, to you.復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句（I）Topic 2 Confucius, a pioneer in the field of education.1.He was also a famous philosopher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in different countries.他也是一位著名的哲學(xué)家，他的至理名言影響了不同國(guó)家的許多人。

2.When I walk along with two others, I may be able to learn from them.三人行，必有我?guī)煛?.are proud of 人引以為豪的(take pride in)Eg：Chinese people are proud of China’s long history.= China takes pride in her long history.4.Unfortunately, he died of illness on his way home from Africa in 1433.不幸的是，他于1433年在從非洲返回的路途中病故。

die of 多指因內(nèi)因而引起，die from 多指因外因而引起。

Eg:The old man died of heart disease.He died from a serious traffic accident.5.bring down 推翻

Eg： After a revolutionary，the emperor was brought down.break down 摧毀，垮下

Topic 3 The dragon has become a symbol of the Chinese nation.1.play a part in 在?方面起作用

Eg：Robots plays an important part in morden industry 2.promise sb.sth.許諾某人某事

promise to do sth.答應(yīng)做某事 promise sb.to do sth.答應(yīng)某人做某事

eg:

I promised him a present for his birthday.我答應(yīng)送他一件生日禮物。

She promised to write to him.她答應(yīng)給他寫信。

Father promised me to buy a new pair of shoes for me.爸爸許諾給我買一雙新鞋。2.We can go to either Beihai Park or Shichahai Park.either ?or 或?或? ,連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)和最近的主語(yǔ)一致，即遵從就近原則。

e.g.Either you or he has to go there.或者是你或者是他得去那兒。3．Both my father and I like it a lot.我和我父親都非常喜歡。

both ?and? 意為“既?又?，兩者都?”。連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

e.g.Both Tom and I have been to the Great Wall.湯姆和我曾經(jīng)去過長(zhǎng)城。4．Neither my mother nor my father likes it.我的父母都不喜歡。

neither ?nor ? 既不?也不?，連接兩個(gè)并列成分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致，即遵從就近原則。

Eg:Neither she nor I am right.她和我都不對(duì)。

He is neither a doctor nor a teacher.他既不是醫(yī)生也不是老師。5．found v.成立，建立；創(chuàng)建，創(chuàng)辦

Eg:A new country was founded on October 1st ,1949.found的過去式與過去分詞都是founded

e.g.His elder brother founded a company in 2001.他的哥哥2001年創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)公司。注意區(qū)分：find v.“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，它的過去式與過去分詞是found

e.g.He found a purse lying on the ground.他發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有一個(gè)錢包。6.At the end of 在?末端

Eg：At the end of the year，he passed away.7.復(fù)習(xí)并列連詞both ?and ?, either?or ?, neither?nor?.和not only?but also?的用法： Unit 6 Entertainment and Friendship Topic 1 I would rather watch sports shows than those ones.1.In my spare time , I enjoy watching TV, especially quiz shows from which I can learn a lot.在空閑時(shí)間，我喜歡看電視，特別是能從中學(xué)到許多東西的智力節(jié)目。

在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞which作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，即“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞可放在which之前，也可放在定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞之后。

Eg: This is the house in which Bing Xin was born.冰心是在這所房子里出生的。

= This is the house which Bing Xin was born in.2.would rather do sth.than do sth.比起做?更愿意做?

Eg:I would rather stay at home than go out in such bad weather.這么糟糕的天氣，我寧愿待在家中，也不愿出去。

3.hit sb on the nose 打某人的鼻子

（用the 而不用his 或her）

Eg：He hit the woman in the face / on the nose.4.be ready to do sth.內(nèi)心愿意/樂意做某事

Eg: He was ready to believe her.他愿意相信她。

5.From then on.從那時(shí)起

From now on

從現(xiàn)在起 6.a symbol of ?

?的象征

= stand for Eg：The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries.People think the rose stands for love, peace, courage and friendship.8.order sb.to do sth.命令/要求某人去做某事

order sth for sb./ sth.為某人/ 某物訂購(gòu)某物

eg: The doctor ordered me to stay in bed.醫(yī)生命令我好好呆在床上休息.9.forgive sb.sth.原諒某人某事

forgive sb.for doing sth.請(qǐng)求別人原諒所做的事

eg: She could forgive him anything.她會(huì)原諒他的任何事.Please forgive me for disturbing you.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫掖驍_你了.Topic 2 Who is your favorite character in literature? 1.according to 根據(jù)

Eg：According to the given words，fill in the blanks。2.make up one’s mind 意為“下定決心”，后跟動(dòng)詞不定式。

Eg：He has made up his mind to work hard and catch up with others.他已下定決心努力學(xué)習(xí)趕上別人。

3.can’t help 禁不住

+ v-ing eg：Sometimes we can’t help laughing because of his funny behavior.有時(shí)我們因他的有趣行為而禁不住大笑。Topic 3 I will remember our friendship forever.1.This weekend we’ll graduate from Ren’ai International School!本周末我們將從仁愛國(guó)際學(xué)校畢業(yè)。1）graduate 作動(dòng)詞是，表 “畢業(yè)”，相當(dāng)于leave school，其名詞形式為graduation eg: He graduated in 1999.= He left school in 1999.2）graduate from + 學(xué)校 表 “從某個(gè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)” graduate in + 專業(yè) 表 “畢業(yè)于某專業(yè)”

eg: He graduated from Peking University last year.去年他從北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)。

He graduated in English at a famous University.他畢業(yè)于一所名牌大學(xué)的外語(yǔ)專業(yè)。2.think back on/ to “回想起，追憶” 如：

eg：When I think back on/to those things, I miss my friends a lot.當(dāng)我回想起那些事情時(shí)，我就非常想念我的朋友。3.…and write some words on the blackboard with color chalks.用彩色粉筆在黑板上寫幾句話。1）chalk “粉筆”，不可數(shù)名詞，若表示“一支粉筆”時(shí)，則用a piece of chalk;2）當(dāng)表示各種顏色的粉筆時(shí)，則可數(shù)。

4.I’ve got dozens of cards.我準(zhǔn)備了許多賀卡。1）dozen作可數(shù)名詞，意為“

（一）打；十二；幾十；許多”

Give me a dozen, please.請(qǐng)給我一打。

2）當(dāng)和數(shù)詞連用后面跟名詞時(shí)，dozen不加s，其后也不跟of。

eg: two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋

3）dozen后加s時(shí)，常與of連用，意為“幾十；許多”，表不明確的數(shù)目。dozens of? 幾十hundreds of?幾百；成百上千thousands of?幾千；成千上萬(wàn) 5.to one’s joy 使某人高興的是

to one’s surprised 使某人驚訝的是

eg: To my joy, I became the owner of an MP3 last week.使我高興的是，上周我擁有了自己的MP3。

To our surprised, Jim didn’t pass the exam.令我們驚訝的是，吉姆沒通過考試。6.take photos of sb.為某人拍照

take photos with sb.與某人合影 7.leave?behind “忘了帶；遺忘；把??拋在后面”

eg：It means change, and leaving behind unforgettable faces and places.它意味著變化，意味著把那些不能忘卻的面容和地方留在記憶深處。

She knew that she had left childhood behind.她知道童年已一去不復(fù)返了。8.see sb off 為某人送行

Eg：Today，we got up early to see him off.

第五篇：九年級(jí)人教版英語(yǔ)Unit1 知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納+練習(xí)

Unit1 短語(yǔ)

1.by making word cards通過制作單詞卡片

31.a partner to practice

一個(gè)練習(xí)英語(yǔ)的伙伴

2.ask sb.for sb.向某人請(qǐng)求幫助

32.worry about擔(dān)心

3.by studying in groups通過小組合作學(xué)習(xí)

33.little by little

一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地

4.listen to the tape聽錄音磁帶 34.at once=right away=in a minute立刻，馬上

5.study in groups小組合作學(xué)習(xí)

35.again and again 一遍遍地

6.watch a video看錄像 36.study skills學(xué)習(xí)能力

7.talk to sb.同某人談話

37.depend on

取決于

8.read loud大聲朗讀

38.in onmmon共同，共有

9.practice pronunciation 練習(xí)發(fā)音

39.be interested in

對(duì)…感興趣

10.too … to …太…而不能… 40.pay attention to注意

11.spoken English英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)

41.get tired

變得厭煩

12.make a reporter 作報(bào)告 42.be good at

擅長(zhǎng)

13.at beginning of 起初

43.evev though

即使

14.word by word 逐詞逐句地 44.be afraid of害怕

be afraid to

15.這得慢慢來

16.the more … , the faster 越多…越快… 45.make notes做筆記

17.the secret to ……的秘密

46.知識(shí)源于質(zhì)疑

Knowledge comes from questioning.18.so … that …太…以至于…

19.so that….以便，為了 47.end up結(jié)束 20.study for a test 為考試學(xué)習(xí)48.later on以后，隨后 21.fall in love with愛上，喜歡上

49.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人

22.body language 肢體語(yǔ)言

．laugh to sb.朝著某人笑 23.as well as也

51.make up 編造 24.a piece of cake 小菜一碟

52.deal with

處理 處置 25.It serves you right.你活該

53.go by（指時(shí)間）過去，消逝 26.look up(in a dictionary)（在字典里）查找

．

be angry with sb.處理生某人的氣 27.read loud after大聲跟讀

55．be angry at sth.處理生某事的氣 28.finish doing sth.完成某事；完成做某事

．

break off

突然中止，中斷

29.how to improve our reading speed 57．not at all 根本不

如何提高我的閱讀速度

30.make mistakes.犯錯(cuò)誤

重點(diǎn)句子

1.How do you study for a test？你怎樣為考試學(xué)習(xí)的？ 2.I study by working with a group.聽懂說話的聲音太難了

3.It’s too hard to understand the voices.聽懂說話的聲音太難了 4.The more you read，the faster you ’11 be.你讀得越多,你越快的 5.I can’t pronounce some of the words.有些單詞我不會(huì)發(fā)音。6 I can’t understand spoken English.我聽不懂英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。

7.I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.我不知道如何提高我的閱讀速度 8.I can’t spell some English words.我不會(huì)拼寫一些英語(yǔ)單詞。

9.I make mistakes in grammar.我在語(yǔ)法上犯錯(cuò)誤。

10.Learning is a life-long journey because every day brings something new.學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)終生的旅 程,因?yàn)槊刻於寄軒硇碌臇|西

知識(shí)點(diǎn)撥

一．by 的用法總結(jié)

1.I study English by leaning to sing English songs.“by+V-ing表示”__________ 2.I went to Beijing by train.“by+交通工具”表示__________ 3.I must be in bed by ten o’clock.“by+時(shí)間”表示 __________ 4.I am sitting by the pool and drinking orange juice.“by+地點(diǎn)”表示__________ 用by，in，with完成句子

1.I want to spend my holiday _____ the sea.2.Her father made a living ______ teaching in the city.3.They are talking about something ____ English.4.The man is cutting the apple _____ a sharp knife.5.He often goes to visit his grand parents _____ bike on Sunday.二．How引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句及其回答

（課文原句）How do you practice speaking?（分析）本句是統(tǒng)一個(gè)由how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句

How意為 “怎樣，如何”由它引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句句式為： 1.How+ 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+…？ 2.How+ be 動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+…？

本課時(shí)集中學(xué)習(xí)提問學(xué)習(xí)方式的疑問句。

例句：How do you practice speaking?

How do you learn new words? How do you improve your writing?

How do you practice listening? How do you improve your pronunciation? How do you learn grammar?（歸納與總結(jié)）

How often多久一次，做事的頻率

How long多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 How soon 多久以后只用于將來時(shí) How far多遠(yuǎn)詢問距離和路程

How many 多少 用以詢問可數(shù)名詞的量 How much多少用以詢問不可數(shù)名詞的量 How old多大詢問年齡

How tall多高詢問某人/物的高度 How heavy多重詢問某人/物的重量 How about怎么樣詢問對(duì)方的意見 三．區(qū)別aloud/loud/loudly aloud, loud 和 loudly的共同含義是“大聲地”。其區(qū)別是：

1.loud和loudly只指“大聲地，高聲地”；而aloud除指“大聲地”外，還可指“出聲地”。另外loudly還暗含喧鬧的意味。

2.aloud作“出聲地”解時(shí)，主要與read等連用，作“大聲地”解時(shí)，主要與call, shout, cry等連用；而loud主要與talk, speak, sing, laugh等連用；loudly則可與任何發(fā)出聲響的動(dòng)詞（如：bring, explode, knock，ring, insist, demand, explain等）連用。

3.loud和aloud只能用在動(dòng)詞后面；而loudly則既可用在動(dòng)詞后，也可用在動(dòng)詞前。另外，loud側(cè)重狀態(tài)和給人的感覺；而loudly則側(cè)重方式。試比較： He read his sister's letter aloud.他喃喃地讀他妹妹的信。Speak louder, please, or no one hear you.請(qǐng)?jiān)俅舐曅駝t，沒人能聽見。Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.突然，墻上的鈴大聲地響起來。四.區(qū)別because 和because of They didn’t go to the museum because of the rain.because of是__詞短語(yǔ)，后接___ = They didn’t go to the museum because it rained.because是____ 詞，后接____ 五.區(qū)別so that 和so … that…

Please turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.so that 意為_________, 引導(dǎo)_______ 狀語(yǔ)從句。I am so tired that I can’t walk anymore.so… that… 意為________, 引導(dǎo)________ 狀語(yǔ)從句?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】 一．單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.1 think you can _____________ our math teacher_____________ help.A.ask；for B.find；for C.ask；from D.find；from()2.一_____________ do you know so much about the UFO? 一I usually get the information by surfing the Internet.A.How

B.What

C.Which

D.Where()3.一How do you communicate with your friends?-By_____________ letters.A.write

B.writing

C.to write

D.written()4.一_____________ you ever_____________ Chinese dumplings，Bonnie? 一Yes，I have.They are really delicious.A.Do；try

B.Will；try

C.Did；try

D.Have；tried()5.He knows_____________ about MH370.A.lots of

B.lot of

C.a lot of

D.a lot()6.We don’t know ____ to deal with the problem.We’ll ask Mr.Wang for help.A.what

B.how

C.why

D.where()7._____ is wrong to copy other’s homework.A.This

B.That

C.It

D.There()8.It’s not easy ____ me to talk with foreigners.A.to

B.at

C.for

D.by()9.You can improve your English ____ reading more.A.in

B.with

C.by

D.of()10.You are too fat.____ you eat, _____ you will be.A.The less, the thin

B.The fat, the thin C.The more, the thinner

D.the more, the fatter()11.—Could you please show me _____ an e-mail? —Sure.It’s easy to do.A.when to send

B.to send how C.to send where

D.how to send()12.--His trouble is that he always makes mistakes--___ spelling English words.A.on

B.with

C.in

D.by()13.He reads aloud to practice his _____ every morning.A.voice

B.sound C.pronounce

D.pronunciation()14.She wants to _____ an English club to practice speaking English.A.join in

B.join C.take part

D.take part in()15.There are _____ new words in this passage.A.a lot

B.lot of

C.a lot of

D.much 二．寫作

假如你叫Liu Mei。前不久，你和來自英國(guó)的一位中學(xué)生Allen一起討論了一個(gè)話題：The ways to learn English better?，F(xiàn)請(qǐng)你根據(jù)他的觀點(diǎn)和你自己的觀點(diǎn)，用英語(yǔ)給你的外籍老師Mr.Brown寫一篇關(guān)于這次討論的匯報(bào)材料。注意：

1．所寫內(nèi)容必須包括表格中他的觀點(diǎn)和你自己的至少三個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。

2．詞數(shù)：70個(gè)左右（不包括已給出部分）。

Mr.Brown，Recently I have had a discussion about the ways to learn English better with Allen, student from Britain.______________________

a