第一篇：用坐標(biāo)軸教學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)

用坐標(biāo)軸教學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)

胡 紅 玉

歷屆英語(yǔ)高考試題均考查英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài),而且把它作為考查重點(diǎn),時(shí)態(tài)也是高考英語(yǔ)中的難點(diǎn)之一。在考查到處動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)九種時(shí)態(tài)。今天我想就英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的復(fù)習(xí)，結(jié)合近幾年高考英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇題和現(xiàn)行高中英語(yǔ)教材中規(guī)定的時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué),用大家所熟悉的坐標(biāo)軸來(lái)講授,講解這九種時(shí)態(tài)的用法。用坐標(biāo)軸就是把不同的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在x軸和Y軸上表示出來(lái),這樣我們就可以把動(dòng)作和時(shí)間有機(jī)地結(jié)合,使原本抽象、晦澀的東西形象化、具體化,從而達(dá)到清晰呈現(xiàn)的效果。

時(shí)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種語(yǔ)法范疇,是用以表示各種時(shí)間概念和動(dòng)作方式的形式。時(shí)間概念包含四種,即現(xiàn)在, 過(guò)去，將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái),這些時(shí)間都是相對(duì)時(shí)間?，F(xiàn)在指的是說(shuō)話人當(dāng)時(shí)所處的時(shí)間,以它為基點(diǎn),它以前的時(shí)間都是過(guò)去,它以后的都是將來(lái)。因此現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去和將來(lái)三個(gè)時(shí)間概念具有共同的時(shí)間基點(diǎn),即說(shuō)話人當(dāng)時(shí)所處的時(shí)間。但是過(guò)去將來(lái)則不同,它的基點(diǎn)不是現(xiàn)在,而是過(guò)去的某一段時(shí)間。這一時(shí)段的時(shí)間都屬于將來(lái)。由于這個(gè)基點(diǎn)與原來(lái)的基點(diǎn)相比屬于過(guò)去,所以這個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間稱為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間.動(dòng)作方面也有四種,即一般、完成、進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行。四個(gè)動(dòng)作各有其特點(diǎn)。

1.一般方面用以敘述一個(gè)事實(shí),時(shí)間可以不具體。

2.完成方面表動(dòng)作已完成,它跨兩個(gè)時(shí)間,動(dòng)作發(fā)生于前一個(gè)時(shí)間,但是說(shuō)話人的興趣一般在于后一個(gè)時(shí)間。

3.進(jìn)行方面表示動(dòng)作在一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)進(jìn)行,說(shuō)話人的興趣不在于動(dòng)作何時(shí)開(kāi)始何時(shí)結(jié)束,而在于所關(guān)心的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上。進(jìn)行方面往往呈現(xiàn)出一種情景,所以描寫性強(qiáng)比較生動(dòng)。

4.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)方面兼有完成和進(jìn)行兩個(gè)特點(diǎn),而且跨兩個(gè)時(shí)間,但二者相距不遠(yuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)所表示的是日常行為,習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作和客觀事實(shí),即表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(如圖1):

Eg.(1)Do you like the material?（表示現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)）Yes, it feels very soft.(2)He gets up at six o’clock every day.（表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作）一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)(如圖2).其用法有:

1.過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2.過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

Eg.(1)World War I broke out in 1949.（過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）

(2)He used to smoke, but he doesn’t smoke.（過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作）

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(如圖3)。常和 now 連用,其用法有:

1.正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2.現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。3.即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Eg.(1)He is reading.(2)We are waiting for you for a while.(3)He is leaving Shanghai for you tomorrow.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),即表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,這一動(dòng)作除有上下文暗示外,一般有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如圖3)。

Eg.(1)My mother was watching TV at seven last night.(表正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)

(2)John was setting out for Shenzhen at that time.(過(guò)去即將發(fā)生)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),即表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響,該動(dòng)作可能結(jié)束,也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去(如圖5)。其用法有:

1.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。2.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還可能持續(xù)下去。Eg.(1)I have finished the task.(已經(jīng)完成)

(2)Mary has learned English for eight years.(可能還要持續(xù)下去)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)即過(guò)去的過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)過(guò)去的影響,該動(dòng)作有可能結(jié)束也可能還要持續(xù)下去(如圖6)Eg.(1)I had finished the task before you arrived there.(2)Mary had learned English for eight years by the end of last year.這樣我們就把大家難以理解的英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)放在坐標(biāo)軸上表示了出來(lái),然后再配上直觀恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?那么抽象的概念就變锝具體化、形象化了。其余三種時(shí)態(tài)讓大家自己課外去體會(huì).

第二篇：英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)小結(jié)

Tenses 時(shí)態(tài)

1, present simple 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

A, structure 結(jié)構(gòu): V---動(dòng)詞原形Vs---第三人稱單數(shù)

B, use

a, a fact that is always true or that is true for a long time

eg.I come from China.She works for a big company.b, a habit: every, often, usually, always, sometimes, never…

eg.My father always goes to work by car.C, negative: don’t / doesn’t + V

D, questions: Do / Does + 主語(yǔ)+ V

2, present continuous

A, structure: am/is/are+ V-ing

B, use

a, sth.in progress now: now, at the moment, today

eg.We are having an English class now.b, a future arrangement: this evening, tonight, tomorrow, next…

eg.She is playing tennis with her friends this afternoon.C, negative: be + not

D, question: be 提到主語(yǔ)之前

3, present perfect

A, structure: have / has + p.p

B, use

a, an experience in life: ever, never, all one’s life

eg.Have you ever been abroad?

b, a past action continues to now: for, since, recently, so far, for the past two weeks…h(huán)ow long

eg.I have worked in this company since I graduated from university.c, a past action with a result now: just, already, yet

eg.She has already done the washing up.C, negative: have / has + not

D, question: Have / Has 提前

※no definite time in this tense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)沒(méi)有確定的時(shí)間

4, present perfect continuous

A, structure: have / has + been + V-ing

B, use

a, a past action continues to now

eg.I have been waiting for you for ages！

b, a past action with a result now

eg.My back aches because I have been working in the garden all day.I’m hot because I have been running.My eyes are red because I have been reading all day.I’m wet because I have been washing my dog.C, negative: have/has + not

D, question: have/has提前

E, the differences between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous

a, to emphasize the result, we use the present perfect simple強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，用一般的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

to emphasize the activity, we use the present perfect continuous強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

b, the results are different: for the direct results of the activity, we use the simple, for the indirect ones, we use the continuous form.對(duì)動(dòng)作造成的直接結(jié)果，用一般的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，對(duì)間接結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

eg.I have repaired the car.(the result here: the car is ok now)

I have been repairing the car.(the result here: my hands are dirty now/ I’m tired now)

c, some words have an idea for a short time: lose, stop…we use the simple eg.I’ve lost my purse.some words have an idea for a long time: work, learn…we use the continuous eg.I’ve been working here for 3 years.d, some state verbs can’t be used in the continuous form, so we use the simple one.狀態(tài)詞不能用在進(jìn)行時(shí)里。

e, if there are numbers and quantity, we use the simple form.如果有數(shù)字和數(shù)量，用一般的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

eg.I have written three letters this morning.I have been writing the letter this morning.補(bǔ)充：state verbs

a, verbs of thinking and opinions

think(認(rèn)為)，know, understand, believe, mean, remember, forget

b, verbs of emotions and feelings

like, love, hate, want, hope, wish

c, verbs of having and being

have(有)，belong, own, cost, need, depend on

d, verbs of the senses

look看起來(lái), hear聽(tīng)起來(lái), taste嘗起來(lái), smell聞起來(lái), feel摸起來(lái)

※ 有標(biāo)注中文意思的這些詞，只有在這些意思的時(shí)候，才是狀態(tài)詞，沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)，意思改變的時(shí)候是可以的。

eg.I am thinking of changing my job.考慮

We were having dinner when someone called.吃

She is tasting the soup.品嘗

5, past simple

A, structure: V-ed 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)，有的是不規(guī)則變化。

B, use

a, a past action.eg.I went camping with colleagues last weekend.C, negative: didn’t + V

D, question: Did + 主語(yǔ)+ V

E, the differences between the past simple and the present perfect

a, if there is a definite past time, we can’t use the present perfect: yesterday, last night, last Monday…in 1999, when I was a little child…有確切的過(guò)去時(shí)間，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

eg.I met my husband when I was in the university.6, past continuous

A, structure: was / were + V-ing

B, use

a, an action that was in progress at a certain time in the past: this time yesterday, at 8:00 last night…

eg.I was doing my revision this time yesterday.b,a past simple interrupted a past continuous一般過(guò)去時(shí)打斷過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): when, while, as

eg.I was shopping when I lost my mobile.c, to describe a scene in a story 描述故事的場(chǎng)景

eg.It was Sunday.The sun was shining and the birds were singing.C, negative: was/were + not

D, question:: was/were 提前

7, past perfect

A, structure: had + p.p

B, use

a, a past action happened before a past action 過(guò)去的過(guò)去

eg.When I got to the station, the train had already gone.※ 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，特別是when, while, as引導(dǎo)的從句中，肯定是有兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，時(shí)態(tài)要這樣用：

如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是一個(gè)借一個(gè)發(fā)生的，兩個(gè)都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)：

eg.When I got home, she cooked dinner.我到家之后，她去做飯。

如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，短的動(dòng)作打斷長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，短的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，長(zhǎng)的用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

eg.When I got home, she was cooking dinner, 當(dāng)我到家的時(shí)候，她正在做飯。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，一個(gè)是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，另外一個(gè)在這個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間的過(guò)去發(fā)生，那么第一個(gè)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，第二個(gè)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

eg.When I got home, she had cooked dinner.8, future tenses

Struture1: will + V

Use: a, express an intention, decision, offer made at the moment of speaking.eg.-----I have a letter to post.-----well, I’m going to the post office, so I will post it for you.b, a prediction based on personal opinion, often with “I think…will/ I don’t think…will”

eg.-------Where are you going on holiday this year?

c, a future fact.Eg.Those followers won’t grow under the tree.You will be ill if you eat all those sweets!

-------I don’t know.Maybe I will visit my grandmother.Structure2: am/is/are + V-ing

Use: a future arrangement made before speaking

Structure3: be going to + V

Use: a, a future plan, intension made before speaking

b, a prediction based on fact and evidence

eg.Look at the clouds!It’s going to rain.My aunt is going to have a baby this summer.

第三篇：英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

時(shí)態(tài)（Tense）是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。

英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。在這里，我們重點(diǎn)講解一下最常見(jiàn)的11種時(shí)態(tài)的用法和注意事項(xiàng)。

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：小學(xué)就開(kāi)始學(xué)這個(gè)，大家都會(huì)吧，有幾點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)一下我們就走。

A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。If it is not too much trouble, I would like a cup of tea.B)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ):這個(gè)要在平時(shí)自己積累，因?yàn)榱?xí)語(yǔ)太多，我不做過(guò)多解釋。

Ie: Believe it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.口語(yǔ)中常說(shuō)believe it or not，意思是：“信不信由你”，“我說(shuō)的是真的”。believe it or not是一個(gè)固定說(shuō)法，相當(dāng)一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)中的believe沒(méi)有詞形變化。這點(diǎn)要注意，以后會(huì)教你們動(dòng)名詞的用法，到時(shí)候會(huì)牽涉到主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題。

C)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

Ie：He always helps others.（他總是幫助別人。）

D)客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則無(wú)法保持主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致.ex: He said that the sun rises in the east.這個(gè)句子要注意，到了以后的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常會(huì)有這樣的問(wèn)題，具體細(xì)節(jié)到 時(shí)候在說(shuō)，不過(guò)你們要先有這樣的概念：客觀事實(shí)無(wú)論謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是什么都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

E)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，（僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng)、停、開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞）可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用。常見(jiàn)的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。

ex: When does the plan leave?這個(gè)句子注意一下，就是這么用的，有人會(huì)注意到這樣的問(wèn)題: The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.為什么不用將來(lái)時(shí)，對(duì)了，很奇怪，但就是這么用的。

F)在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在（有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）表示將來(lái)事情。

Ie: When you finish the report, I will have waited for 3 hours.（完成時(shí)，往下看會(huì)出現(xiàn)）

2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)的用法：上了初一就教這個(gè)吧，比一般現(xiàn)在還簡(jiǎn)單。表示現(xiàn)在正在做的動(dòng)作，但要注意有的動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，這類詞稱為短暫性動(dòng)詞，如，open, borrow等等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)常常會(huì)碰到，平時(shí)要注意積累。

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)：重要考點(diǎn)，初二以后幾乎都是完成時(shí)態(tài)。

A)表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。

ex: I have just finished my homework.B)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況，并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或for 加一段時(shí)間，或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。這里聯(lián)系進(jìn)行時(shí)，他們都一樣，不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞，★★★☆☆考點(diǎn)。

C)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。

例：John has broken his left leg.（約翰摔斷了左腿。）

注意：

A)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)，或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響，是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響；過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。

例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個(gè)過(guò)去的事實(shí)，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。）

He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過(guò)去開(kāi)始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。）

B)因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的完成時(shí)，有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn)，所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。

例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）

My sister has married.Don't disturb her.（終端動(dòng)詞）

C)在“this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……”句型里要求用完成時(shí)。

例： This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國(guó)際展覽會(huì)。）

D)句型“It is/ has been……since”所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。

例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（從我上次見(jiàn)到他以來(lái)已經(jīng)10年了。）

E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ……when”、“before”、“prior to”（在……之前）等句型中，主句要求完成時(shí)。

例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)那位教授。）

4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing)：和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)很像

1)用法：表示某一動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來(lái)。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目，已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。）

2)注意事項(xiàng)：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)：在從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

5.一般過(guò)去時(shí)

A)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

ex:I went to Beijing last year.B)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的就是過(guò)去時(shí)。

ex: I used to live here.（注意used to 和be used to 的區(qū)別，used to表過(guò)去常常，be used to 表示習(xí)慣于，前者to是不定式符號(hào)，后者則是介詞，后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞、代詞）

C)有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語(yǔ)氣。

ex: Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在這里嗎？）

Could you pass me the pen?

注意：

A)注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對(duì)不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí) 間狀語(yǔ)都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。注意，到了初二將會(huì)是★★★★☆考點(diǎn)，不會(huì)不行，逃不了的，幾乎每次都考。

B)used to do的否定形式和疑問(wèn)形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對(duì)。

6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)

用法：表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說(shuō)的：表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”。

畫一條時(shí)間軸過(guò)去完成＿＿●＿一般過(guò)去＿◇＿一般現(xiàn)在＿＿＿○＿＿＿＿＿＿

2)注意事項(xiàng)：“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過(guò)上下文體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而不一定受某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的限制。ex: There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.7.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would/ should do)表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事。其實(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)沒(méi)什么區(qū)別啦。ex: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.賓從、直引經(jīng)常碰到這樣的例子，注意。

8.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)

A)表示在過(guò)去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

ex: I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.B)如果when, while這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則另一個(gè)句子常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

ex: I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.9.一般將來(lái)時(shí)

A)基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。古英語(yǔ)認(rèn)為will用于第二、三人稱，shall用于第一人稱，但后來(lái)沒(méi)做硬性規(guī)定，will比較常用。I will be home at 10.B)有些動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí)，并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，可以表示將來(lái)時(shí)。初一接觸比較 多的是be going to，后面的包括will/shall到了后來(lái)才出現(xiàn)，其他如sleep很少見(jiàn)，初中階段我?guī)缀鯖](méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)sleep這么用的，leave, come, arrive也常見(jiàn)

ex: My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.C)表示“即將、正要”時(shí)，可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事，后常與when連用。ex: I was about to speak when you interrupted me.D）“be to do”的5種用法：

a)表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見(jiàn)到她。）

b)該做或不該做的事情（語(yǔ)氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣。例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺(jué)，不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。）

c)能或不能發(fā)生的事情（接近c(diǎn)an, may）

例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢？）

d)不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情，后來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情。

例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to

C.is attended D.is attended to

will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是：attend表示“處理，解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案是B。

E)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.注意：

在 以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless 等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞（immediately, the moment, directly）等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào) 延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，可用完成時(shí)。

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回來(lái)的時(shí)候，他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。）

10.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing)調(diào)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。

ex: Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.11.將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will have done)表示從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間，但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè) 將來(lái)時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)段一樣。其用法從和過(guò)去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，變成了和將來(lái)及將來(lái)的將來(lái)有關(guān)。

ex: It is reported that by the end of this century the people of Chinese will have increased by 2 billion.

第四篇：英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)

英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致練習(xí)

l.Last week two engineers_______ to help solve the technical problems of the project.A)have sent

B)were sent

C)sent

D)had sent 2.She was quite sure that she _____ the door before she left the office.A)will lock

B)would lock

C)has locked

D)had locked 3.Now the air pollution in this city _____ more and more serious with each passing day.A)to become

B)became

C)becoming

D)is becoming 4.Since the new technology was introduced last month, we________ in speeding up production.A)succeed

B)succeeded

C)have succeeded

D)will succeed 5.By the time you get to the office I _______ all the documents for the meeting.A)was preparing

B)prepared

C)had prepared

D)will have prepared 6.As he _______to submit the accounting report before 4:30 pm, the assistant hurried to Mr.Smith's office.A)was required

B)had required

C)requires

D)required 7.The team is going out to hold a party tomorrow after it______ the project.A)completes

B)completed

C)will complete

D)will have completed 8.By the end of next year, I ____ for the company for 10 years.A)work

B)am working

C)had worked

D)will have worked 9.According to the time table, the train for Beijing ______ at 9:10 p.m.from Monday to Friday.A)was leaving

B)is leaving

C)leaves

D has left 10.We don't have to hurry as the bus _____ for London at five in the evening.A)leaves

B)left

C)has been leaving

D)has left

第五篇：《小學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)小結(jié)》

《小學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)小結(jié)》

一：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

1、概念：用在敘述某人正在做某事的時(shí)候。（某動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）

其結(jié)構(gòu)是“be動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞ing”,句中可能會(huì)有l(wèi)ook，listen，now或一個(gè)相當(dāng)具體的時(shí)間。

2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time

3、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing

4、否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing

5、一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首

6、動(dòng)詞加“ing”（現(xiàn)在分詞）的變化規(guī)則： 1）、接在動(dòng)詞后面加“ing”

2）、“元音+輔音+e”結(jié)尾的單詞把e去掉再加ing。

3）、重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫最后字母再加ing，單詞有：run—running、swim—swimming、put—putting、get—getting、shop—shopping

7、例句

1.)What is Mary doing?

She’s shopping.2.)Is Betty swimming now?

No, she isn’t.She’s running.3.)It’s seven thirty in the evening.We’re having dinner at home.二：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

1、概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。用來(lái)敘述經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的事情、習(xí)慣和愛(ài)好等。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays，3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①動(dòng)詞 原形（如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要加（e）S）

②be+形容詞

4.否定形式： ①此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞;②am/is/are+not。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：①用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。②把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；

6、如果敘述的人或事物是第三人稱單數(shù)行為動(dòng)詞要加上s或es，其變化規(guī)則和名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則一樣。1.)John likes going hiking.2.)Mary often gets up at seven o’clock.3.)Mr.Li cooks supper every evening.4.)How does he go to school?

----He goes to school on foot.5.)Does he go to school on Saturday?

---Yes, he does.(第三人稱單數(shù)一般疑問(wèn)句句前是does，句中的動(dòng)詞要用原形。)

動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則: 1）直接在動(dòng)詞后面加“s”。

2）以“s、x、sh、ch”結(jié)尾的單詞，在動(dòng)詞后面加“es”。wash---washes watch---watches

fish---fishes 3）以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，把y改i再加es。

carry---carries

study---studies

fly---flies 4）go 和do 的第三人稱單數(shù)是goes 和does

敘述的人或事物不是第三人稱單數(shù)行為動(dòng)詞要用原形。1.)I usually go to school on foot.2.)We play football every Sunday afternoon.3.)What do they do on Sundays?

---They play chess.三：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：

1、概念：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀態(tài)連用，2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be+形容詞；②行為動(dòng)詞

4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.肯定句: I visited my grandparents last weekend.I usually played with my friends last year.I was busy last weekend.They were sad yesterday.否定句: I didn’t visit my grandparents last weekend.I wasn’t busy last weekend.They were not sad yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句: Did you visit you grandparents last weekend?

Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.Were you busy last weekend?

Yes, I was./ No, I didn’t.Yes, we were./ No, we weren’t.特殊疑問(wèn)句: What did you do yesterday?

I played football.Where did Mike go last weekend?

He went to the library.How did you go there?

I went by bus.Where were you yesterday? I was at home.四：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：

1、敘述將要發(fā)生的事情或打算。表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①am/is/are/going to + do；結(jié)構(gòu)是be going to+動(dòng)詞原形。如果所接的動(dòng)詞原形剛好是go或come，可把to go 和to come 去掉。②will + do.4.否定形式：①am/is/are/going to +not+ do；②will + not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加will not，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句：be放于句首；will提到句首。

1.)What are you going to do tomorrow?

---I am going to visit my grandparents.2.)Are they going to sweep the floor tonight?

---Yes, they are.3．）Where is Sarah going(to go)next week?

---She’s going(to go)the park.