第一篇：籃球論文

論籃球投籃

投籃是籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要進(jìn)攻技術(shù)，是得分很重要的一種手段。比賽中進(jìn)攻隊(duì)員運(yùn)用其他各種進(jìn)攻技術(shù)、戰(zhàn)術(shù)的目的，都是為了創(chuàng)造更多更好的進(jìn)攻機(jī)會(huì)，力求投中得分。而投籃得分多少?zèng)Q定一場(chǎng)比賽的勝負(fù)，因此，掌握好投籃技術(shù)并不斷的提高投籃命中率，對(duì)于在比賽中取勝具有十分重要的意義。

今天單手原地投籃主要用于罰球，或試圖發(fā)動(dòng)3分投籃。盡管用得不太多，但卻是當(dāng)今最流行的跳投的基礎(chǔ)，也是某些上籃的基礎(chǔ)。

所有基本投籃雖然密切聯(lián)系，但我試圖為每種投籃專立一章：罰球、跳投、跑籃、勾手投籃和投籃，并把每種投籃技術(shù)分成以下幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：

(1）瞄籃

投籃時(shí)瞄籃點(diǎn)在哪里?你的眼睛應(yīng)注視籃圈的后沿部分。當(dāng)看這一點(diǎn)時(shí)，就能投進(jìn)網(wǎng)里。許多教練教隊(duì)員瞄籃圈前緣一點(diǎn)，那么做，你不得不比瞄籃點(diǎn)投得更遠(yuǎn)些。應(yīng)該每次都投向瞄籃點(diǎn)，猶如神投手一樣

(2)站位

不管是罰球還是跳投，你站位正確嗎?如果右手投籃，右腳應(yīng)直接指向籃圈中央。罰球情況下應(yīng)把右腳放在罰球線中點(diǎn)，稍前于左腳。最重要的是感覺自己站位舒適。請(qǐng)記住，你要培養(yǎng)的是穩(wěn)定性，而這來(lái)源于習(xí)慣，來(lái)源于感覺舒適和自然。

(3)持球

持球要小心，用手指和掌根觸球，手掌心不得觸球。在球與手之間應(yīng)有空隙，這樣才能感覺柔和。用指端控制住球，不要太緊。

(4)膝

我提倡罰球時(shí)稍微屈膝即可。像其它投籃，膝關(guān)節(jié)必須保持穩(wěn)定與一致?；厩疤峋褪牵和痘@越簡(jiǎn)單，動(dòng)作就越小，獲得一致的穩(wěn)定出手的機(jī)會(huì)就越好。

球出手與出手后手的跟隨動(dòng)作

出手要柔和、流暢，不要猛然用力，否則會(huì)使球離手太快，這樣命中率就下降。要使球柔和人網(wǎng)，球應(yīng)從指端出手，自然離開手指，如果球觸手掌，球就不能柔和地觸籃圈。

（5）弧線

如果球觸籃圈后又彈回來(lái)，這告訴你投籃太平，即弧度不夠。弧度不夠使球不能柔和觸及籃圈。罰球時(shí)弧線的最高點(diǎn)應(yīng)在籃圈上3——4英尺(約1米)，投得越遠(yuǎn)，弧線就相應(yīng)高一點(diǎn)。

（6）眼睛注視(球出手后)

眼睛是否跟隨球的飛行曲線?這是一個(gè)普遍的毛病。不要把眼睛集中于球的飛行——投手注視球飛行就容易在球出手前偏離目標(biāo)，這樣就影響命中率。

（7）球的旋轉(zhuǎn)

和弧度一樣，球的旋轉(zhuǎn)取決于球離籃圈的距離。罰球線左右的球，在到達(dá)籃圈前應(yīng)旋轉(zhuǎn)一周到一周半。如果沒有適當(dāng)?shù)暮笮?，就?huì)使球碰及籃圈后向外而不落入球網(wǎng)內(nèi)。

（8）自信心 適當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)帶來(lái)成功，從而給人自信，而自信又使你深信練習(xí)的效果，并繼續(xù)練習(xí)。這是一個(gè)美妙的循環(huán)。大多數(shù)優(yōu)秀的投手投前就心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。帶著自信心站在罰球線前吧。

下面是我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)：

第一點(diǎn), 要有合適的姿勢(shì).何為合適的姿勢(shì)? 個(gè)人認(rèn)為, 姿勢(shì)不一定要完全標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 但一定要適合自己.找到最適合自己的姿勢(shì)是整個(gè)投籃命中率的基礎(chǔ).我曾經(jīng)受一個(gè)三分射手的指導(dǎo), 改正過投籃姿勢(shì), 結(jié)果當(dāng)天命中率就上升了很多.可見姿勢(shì)的重要性.我來(lái)講講一些注意的要點(diǎn).三個(gè)“90”度還是很重要的.即當(dāng)做好投籃姿勢(shì)時(shí), 投籃手的大臂和軀干, 小臂和大臂, 手背和小臂都呈90度.即肩, 肘, 腕關(guān)節(jié)都保持90度.最好能做到第4個(gè)90度, 即出手后手心和小臂也能呈90度.關(guān)于肘部要不要內(nèi)收的問題: 投籃姿勢(shì)中由于人體生理結(jié)構(gòu)的原因, 當(dāng)將球置于頭頂正上方的話,整個(gè)肘部必然是向外開, 這種情況下出手, 手臂舒展的方向和球的運(yùn)行方向并不一致, 常常導(dǎo)致出手的不穩(wěn)定及命中率的不高.而肘部?jī)?nèi)收的結(jié)果又是整個(gè)身體的不舒適, 也會(huì)倒置姿勢(shì)的不穩(wěn)定, 怎么辦呢? 我的體會(huì)是內(nèi)收會(huì)好一些.我在高中階段, 由于右手的受傷曾經(jīng)不自覺的改變了姿勢(shì), 使得出手時(shí)肘部的向外開, 雖然投熟之后, 原地不起跳的命中率極高, 但是一旦跳投, 出手無(wú)法自如調(diào)整, 命中率就無(wú)法提高.而一旦記住肘部?jī)?nèi)收之后, 整個(gè)肩肘腕和籃筐都處于一條直線上, 只要調(diào)整好出球的弧度, 一般都能投進(jìn).而身體的不舒適在一段時(shí)間后就可以適應(yīng).假如你采用了肘部?jī)?nèi)收的手段, 你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)手不能完全置于頭頂上方, 完全正確, 其實(shí)正確的姿勢(shì)并不是將球置于頭頂, 而是偏向投籃手一側(cè), 如果右手是投籃手則將球置于頭頂右側(cè), 站立時(shí)右腳比左腳稍前, 整個(gè)身體向左側(cè)到身體舒服的角度, 頭向右稍轉(zhuǎn),此時(shí), 你的視線應(yīng)和肘肩腕筐一線.在這種情況下, 只要你用力將球順著手臂的生理結(jié)果展開拋出, 怎么會(huì)偏開籃筐呢?

第二點(diǎn): 瞄準(zhǔn)點(diǎn), 一般人都習(xí)慣瞄籃的前筐(現(xiàn)在的我也是), 有文章說神射手大多瞄籃的后筐, 原因是那才是籃球最終要落下的地方.其實(shí)瞄哪兒只是個(gè)人的習(xí)慣大不必統(tǒng)一, 但是我最準(zhǔn)的時(shí)候瞄的是很奇怪的位置.瞄的是我出手后球的最高點(diǎn).我們知道球在空中會(huì)劃一道弧線, 最終落入籃筐.弧線越高就越容易落入籃筐.當(dāng)瞄準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)在筐上時(shí), 你的球一定時(shí)會(huì)低弧(甚至直線)以準(zhǔn)確的擊中你的瞄準(zhǔn)點(diǎn), 只有不斷的練習(xí)后才能掌握讓球下落時(shí)才擊中瞄準(zhǔn)點(diǎn).弧度才得以提高.但是如果你最開始瞄得就是最高點(diǎn), 你的球就一直是以高弧度下落, 提高了入筐的可能性.當(dāng)然是需要一段時(shí)間來(lái)找到這個(gè)最適合你的最高點(diǎn)的.我當(dāng)時(shí)大概十分鐘就找到了.所以命中率提高的極快.然而在我受傷后再上場(chǎng), 由于姿勢(shì)的變化, 瞄準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)也變成了前筐, 弧度也降低了不少.現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣低弧后再想瞄最高點(diǎn)已經(jīng)沒意義了.所以如果你投籃弧度已經(jīng)穩(wěn)定, 就不要再想嘗試這種瞄準(zhǔn)的方法了.第三點(diǎn): 手型.手型也很重要, 投籃手手指舒展開, 手指穩(wěn)住球, 手心不要碰到籃球, 出手時(shí)手腕抖球, 讓球順著手指出去, 最后手指下壓, 讓球后旋, 讓球從食指和中指之間離開手, 整個(gè)動(dòng)作就完成了.當(dāng)然最后離開的手指也因人而異, 個(gè)人習(xí)慣罷了.這個(gè)過程決定了球能否成直線, 旋轉(zhuǎn)著出手, 所以一定要穩(wěn)定, 這是關(guān)鍵 第四點(diǎn): 節(jié)奏, 找到最適合的自己的節(jié)奏, 力量從腳上一直傳到手臂到手腕到手指, 一氣呵成, 不要停頓, 讓力量以能控制的最大限度的作用在球上.這樣才能最大限度的加大自己的射程.跳投的時(shí)候?qū)?jié)奏掌握更重要, 有時(shí)候你到最高點(diǎn)時(shí)已經(jīng)沒有力量了, 怎么辦? 一方面增加自己的手臂力量, 另外, 提早出手, 并不是一定要最高點(diǎn)出手的, 能投進(jìn)才是關(guān)鍵

第二篇：籃球論文

籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)大學(xué)生健身價(jià)值

姓名： 專業(yè)班級(jí)：

摘要：籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)是作為強(qiáng)身健體的游戲項(xiàng)目和挑戰(zhàn)人體極限的競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目而存在和發(fā)展的。競(jìng)技籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)追求的是挑戰(zhàn)人體極限，具有更強(qiáng)的觀賞性；健身籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的目標(biāo)是普通人的“身心兩健”。目前的體育科學(xué)對(duì)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)健身的理論研究較為貧乏，因此本文從社會(huì)學(xué)的角度討論籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的健身的相關(guān)問題，并弄清籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)健身的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，以求明確籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)健身存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，以求為籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)健身的發(fā)展提供新的思路與方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：籃球運(yùn)動(dòng) 大學(xué)生 健身價(jià)值

當(dāng)今社會(huì)，人的生活方式也產(chǎn)生了很大的變化主要表現(xiàn)為：大量的體力勞動(dòng)由機(jī)器完成腦力勞動(dòng)的時(shí)間大量增加體力活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)減少、工作分散化、社會(huì)交往的難度增加、閑暇時(shí)間增多。生活環(huán)境和生活方式的變化在使人的生活更舒適的同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了一系列的問題：一是人體機(jī)能的退化，由于缺乏體力活動(dòng)人體各機(jī)能的活動(dòng)經(jīng)常在保證基本生理需要的水平線以下，出現(xiàn)了各種各樣的“文明病”，長(zhǎng)此以往不僅影響個(gè)人的生活質(zhì)量更對(duì)人類的生息繁衍不利。二是心理健康水平下降在信息化社會(huì)中人們?cè)谥橇λ缴系母?jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈要承受巨大的心理壓力。加之缺乏必要的正常的社會(huì)交往人的心理問題較之以往更為普通和嚴(yán)重。人們對(duì)參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的價(jià)值認(rèn)識(shí)也發(fā)生變化。世界衛(wèi)生組織提出：是體育成為健康生活方式的基石。體育生活化成為人們的共識(shí)。體育進(jìn)入日常生活，最佳的運(yùn)動(dòng)可以是參與者達(dá)到專注的狀態(tài)，注意力集中于運(yùn)動(dòng)過程的心理體驗(yàn)忘記了生活和工作中的煩惱，忘記了時(shí)間、人與環(huán)境、人與人融為一體無(wú)疑是一次心理的凈化似有找到精神家園的感覺。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉可以使個(gè)體的主觀緊張?zhí)狍w驗(yàn)降低：減輕焦慮狀態(tài)：使陷入現(xiàn)代生活沖突與困境中的人們產(chǎn)生一種強(qiáng)烈的歸屬感由此才能獲得可持續(xù)發(fā)展的社會(huì)動(dòng)力和自然互動(dòng)的內(nèi)在活力。通過運(yùn)動(dòng)所獲的愉快感是人們堅(jiān)持運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要?jiǎng)恿χ弧Ｒ匀藶楸镜慕∩眢w育的興起是人的根本需要所決定的人們參與籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)機(jī)由此發(fā)端。

1、欣賞有別于參與

從本質(zhì)上講競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)與健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的最終歸屬有明顯上的不同，前者追求的是挑戰(zhàn)人體極限，具有更強(qiáng)的觀賞性，后者的目標(biāo)是普通人的“身心兩鍵”。競(jìng)技籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的推廣起到了催化劑的作用。人們通過觀賞高水平的籃球競(jìng)賽真正體驗(yàn)了籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的魅力，激發(fā)了他們參與籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)機(jī)。通過觀賞籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)而通曉了籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的基本規(guī)則和方法，從而為自身的籃球?qū)嵺`奠定了基礎(chǔ)，借鑒高水平的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的某些技戰(zhàn)術(shù)方法可提高自身的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)水平，這對(duì)長(zhǎng)期從事籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)具有積極意義。

作為健身運(yùn)動(dòng)參與者只有通過運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)踐才能達(dá)到目的。球迷只對(duì)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的觀賞性感興趣，他們把觀賞籃球比賽而非參與籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)踐作為樂趣。當(dāng)然觀賞比賽也是一種娛樂形式既是對(duì)籃球技術(shù)的藝術(shù)欣賞也可以對(duì)自身不能直接參與運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行心理補(bǔ)償同樣可達(dá)到愉悅身心的目的但不能發(fā)展體能，其精神和心理享受與運(yùn)動(dòng)的實(shí)踐者有明顯的區(qū)別。

喜歡者并不一定都參與，因?yàn)樗皇潜砻髁巳藗儜B(tài)度能將此愿望轉(zhuǎn)化為真正的行為還受到諸多條件和因素的影響和制約在一定的范圍內(nèi)最具觀賞性的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目并非參與者眾多的?；@球運(yùn)動(dòng)源于學(xué)校教育當(dāng)今主要的籃球設(shè)施在學(xué)校主要的運(yùn)動(dòng)群是學(xué)生。據(jù)調(diào)查我國(guó)體育人口參與籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的比率明顯隨年齡的增加呈下降趨勢(shì)。創(chuàng)設(shè)良好的運(yùn)動(dòng)環(huán)境和條件是廣泛開展籃球健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的前提，順應(yīng)人們對(duì)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的興趣利用從眾心理發(fā)揮體育群體的作用是吸引大眾廣泛參與籃球健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵所在。欣賞是一種精神生活要實(shí)現(xiàn)健身目的的必須親身參與運(yùn)動(dòng)。

2、個(gè)體投身群體

健身體育具有社會(huì)性。它常被列入社會(huì)體育的范疇進(jìn)行討論，健身體育的社會(huì)性表明從事健身運(yùn)動(dòng)能夠在一定程度上擺脫人的自我孤立狀態(tài)培養(yǎng)人的合作精神使個(gè)體在群體中找到自己的位置。

籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)是一項(xiàng)集體運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。集體性是籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)之一，籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)以集體對(duì)抗的形式出現(xiàn)任何個(gè)人戰(zhàn)術(shù)行動(dòng)都是全隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)術(shù)的組成部分，這就要求籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的參與者要具備較強(qiáng)的集體意識(shí)、合作精神和組織協(xié)調(diào)能力，從事籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程就是不斷提高自身的修養(yǎng)、陶冶情操的過程。

正是基于籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的集體性。從事籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)必有一定的群體這就為人與人之間的正常交往提供了良好的機(jī)會(huì)，從健身活動(dòng)的角度看，運(yùn)動(dòng)群體內(nèi)的人際關(guān)系很少具有功利性。日常在人與人之間時(shí)時(shí)表現(xiàn)出的知識(shí)、能力、地位的差異，在運(yùn)動(dòng)中往往是忽略不計(jì)的。這就可以在一定程度上保證在籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中參與者具有積極的心理狀態(tài)促進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)者之間認(rèn)同感的產(chǎn)生。人們?cè)谏鐣?huì)大背景下失去或未能得到的良好的人際關(guān)系在健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的群體中可以找到?；@球運(yùn)動(dòng)中獲得的積極的情緒體驗(yàn)具有社會(huì)意義的。

3、籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的健身功能

3.1籃球源于游戲的健身功能

據(jù)研究籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)明者發(fā)明籃球之前就具有明確的；那就是要發(fā)明一項(xiàng)學(xué)生們喜歡的新的室內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，讓更多地參與活動(dòng)，通過身體鍛煉，使青年人的身體、心理和精神達(dá)到最佳的水平。著一目標(biāo)所體現(xiàn)的實(shí)質(zhì)是使參與籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的學(xué)生們?cè)谏眢w上和精神上得到健康的發(fā)展。

為籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的誕生提供借鑒的是各種球類游戲，在籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生就有多種球類游戲出現(xiàn)，如棒球、冰球、曲棍球、足球、水球等。正是這些球類游戲以及更早的馬雅人的球類游戲?yàn)槟问访芩固峁┝税l(fā)明籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的形象思維。

實(shí)際上球類游戲是通過一定形式的身體活動(dòng)達(dá)到健身強(qiáng)體的目的，其健身功能是在游戲中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。在人類的原始時(shí)期，游戲作為一種娛樂活動(dòng)，大多是順應(yīng)教育后代的需要，由于生產(chǎn)力水平低下這種游戲僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單的身體活動(dòng)，隨著生產(chǎn)水平的提高，人們?cè)谟螒蛑胁粌H需要進(jìn)行身體運(yùn)動(dòng)同時(shí)要滿足精神和心理方面的追求。籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)明者最初提出的身體、心理和精神達(dá)到最佳水平的目標(biāo)。反映了當(dāng)時(shí)人們對(duì)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)健身功能的價(jià)值認(rèn)識(shí)。從生理層面上看，從事籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)能夠發(fā)展體能，促進(jìn)人的身體健康，比較而言，籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)在發(fā)展體能方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于能夠全面的發(fā)展人的身體素質(zhì)，同時(shí)改善人的感受器官和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的功能。從事籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)可促進(jìn)人的心理健康。作為集體的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)無(wú)疑為人與人之間的正常交往提供了理想平臺(tái)，在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中的到愉悅身心。

3.2籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展體能

籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)屬非周期性運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目與周期性運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目重復(fù)某一種動(dòng)作比較，籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的技術(shù)動(dòng)作復(fù)雜。多變能夠全面發(fā)展人的走、跑、跳等基本能力使人體的素質(zhì)得以平衡地發(fā)展?；@球運(yùn)動(dòng)還能夠提高人體感受器官的功能，提高分配和集中注意力的能力及時(shí)間、空間的感受能力和定向能力提高中樞神經(jīng)的靈活性以及協(xié)調(diào)、支配各器官的能力。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)生活中，諸如電腦操作、車輛駕駛等對(duì)人們技能的要求越來(lái)越高，上述能力的發(fā)展日顯重要。

發(fā)展體能的目的是通過對(duì)人體施加一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，作為健身運(yùn)動(dòng)必定要有較大的適應(yīng)面就要求籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的負(fù)荷具有可調(diào)空性。采用不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式可以對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的負(fù)荷進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)?！叭缫粚?duì)一的斗牛、半場(chǎng)3對(duì)3比賽、全場(chǎng)5對(duì)5的比賽，運(yùn)動(dòng)者可以根據(jù)自己自身的需要進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)。”籃球比賽中雙方都有一定的主動(dòng)權(quán)：以對(duì)比賽的節(jié)奏進(jìn)行控制、調(diào)節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷?；@球比賽的特點(diǎn)是在若干強(qiáng)度的比賽片段之后均有短暫的休息時(shí)間人體可以得到相應(yīng)的恢復(fù)。運(yùn)動(dòng)生理學(xué)的研究認(rèn)為：籃球比賽的中人體的供能形式為有氧供能這表明在籃球比賽中長(zhǎng)時(shí)間、大強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng)并不是多見的運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷的特點(diǎn)使得籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)可能成為具有廣泛的健身的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。

3.3籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的愉悅身心功能

從事籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程與人們?nèi)粘５拇私游?。工作狀態(tài)等有所不同，籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)過程提供了在規(guī)則允許的范圍內(nèi)盡情發(fā)揮個(gè)人智慧而不與人們公認(rèn)的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相悖的機(jī)會(huì)如：虛實(shí)結(jié)合、相互制約等等，籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)中運(yùn)動(dòng)者表現(xiàn)出富有創(chuàng)造性的，機(jī)智靈活的運(yùn)動(dòng)行為被認(rèn)為是運(yùn)動(dòng)智慧。從本質(zhì)上看每個(gè)人智慧的自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的欲望，這種欲望在日常狀態(tài)下往往難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。從事籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)可以滿足人的這方面的心理需要。

結(jié)果的不確定性是運(yùn)動(dòng)者全身心地投入到籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)之中?；@球比賽的過程受多因素的影響使得比賽的進(jìn)程和結(jié)果都具有不確定性。結(jié)果的不確定性允許了偶然性的存在促進(jìn)了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的發(fā)展，是運(yùn)動(dòng)過程具有文學(xué)性，情節(jié)性。籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程就是一個(gè)不斷變化和創(chuàng)新的過程在多次比賽中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)行為和結(jié)果的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)。運(yùn)動(dòng)者在籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)中可以不斷體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)新的樂趣。

籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)明之初就明確提出該運(yùn)動(dòng)是一項(xiàng)文明的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)則的改變。如對(duì)身體接觸程度的界定，即是在不斷規(guī)范著人們?cè)谶\(yùn)動(dòng)行為以符合文明運(yùn)動(dòng)的需要。通過規(guī)則的界定和在長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)踐中所建立的公認(rèn)的行為準(zhǔn)則籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)在形式和內(nèi)容上都體現(xiàn)了公平、合理原則。從事籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)可以陶冶情操實(shí)現(xiàn)崇高的心理追求。智慧、創(chuàng)新、文明為籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的參與者提供了良好的心理體驗(yàn)。4、大學(xué)生籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)健身的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)

4.1在形式和內(nèi)容上將與競(jìng)技籃球有所不同

從事物的發(fā)展規(guī)律看，事物發(fā)展其復(fù)雜性越強(qiáng)，事物間呈現(xiàn)差異性的可能性越大。隨著競(jìng)技籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)和健身籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展兩者存在的差異會(huì)越明顯。隨著競(jìng)技籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展專業(yè)化或職業(yè)化的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)已發(fā)展為具有高度組織性，采取市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作，具備常人難以達(dá)到的運(yùn)動(dòng)水平。極具觀賞性的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目而籃球健身運(yùn)動(dòng)必然向大眾化的方向發(fā)展。大學(xué)生籃球健身運(yùn)動(dòng)將不可能與競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)同步發(fā)展，其多樣化的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式與競(jìng)技籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)有著巨大的差異化、專業(yè)化或職業(yè)化的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員以從事籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)為生而籃球健身運(yùn)動(dòng)卻是人們閑暇時(shí)的游戲，其內(nèi)容也與競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)有著本質(zhì)的區(qū)別。

4.2多元化趨勢(shì)

作為競(jìng)技籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)全場(chǎng)之間的攻守對(duì)抗是唯一的比賽形式，而在大學(xué)生健身運(yùn)動(dòng)中全場(chǎng)；半場(chǎng)的對(duì)抗，二人制、三人制、四人制比賽的日趨流行使比賽的形式呈現(xiàn)多樣化的趨勢(shì)。運(yùn)動(dòng)者之間的對(duì)抗甚至可以不用攻守的形式進(jìn)行類似練習(xí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式進(jìn)行比賽，如街頭籃球游戲中許多耍球動(dòng)作成為了運(yùn)動(dòng)技能的主體，籃球健身運(yùn)動(dòng)本屬游戲性質(zhì)，游戲本身的特點(diǎn)決定了其活動(dòng)形式、內(nèi)容和方法上的多元性，這種多元性的存在為籃球健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的開展提供了廣闊的空間。結(jié)論:籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)是廣大的大學(xué)生所喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，其有很高的健身價(jià)值。它的健身功能源于游戲，其健身目標(biāo)為發(fā)展體能和愉悅身心。人們參與籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生于克服現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的生活環(huán)境和生活方式所帶來(lái)的一系列負(fù)面影響的需要。要實(shí)現(xiàn)健身目的必須自己參與運(yùn)動(dòng)?；@球運(yùn)動(dòng)的集體性，從事籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)可以培養(yǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)者的集體意識(shí)。合作精神和組織協(xié)調(diào)能力，起到調(diào)整人際關(guān)系的作用?；@球健身運(yùn)動(dòng)在形式和內(nèi)容上所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的與競(jìng)技籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)相不同的多元化趨勢(shì)是籃球健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)所決定的正是這種多元化的存在才是籃球健身運(yùn)動(dòng)充滿魅力而又使普通大眾可以參與其中，才會(huì)是高校學(xué)生最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。參考文獻(xiàn)：1.孫民治.《籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)高級(jí)教程》.人民體育出版社

2.楊麗華.《運(yùn)動(dòng)的心理效應(yīng)》.江西大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)

3.仇軍.高峰.馬啟偉.《我國(guó)體育人口活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目有參與及其變化趨勢(shì)》

第三篇：籃球論文

淺析對(duì)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的認(rèn)識(shí)

學(xué)院：經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院

專業(yè): 信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)

班級(jí)：信管一班

姓名：張丹峰

學(xué)號(hào)：1006107026

日期：2013/11/22

摘要：籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)是以投籃、上籃和扣籃為中心的對(duì)抗性體育運(yùn)動(dòng)之一，兩隊(duì)參與，每隊(duì)出場(chǎng)5名隊(duì)員，目的是將球投入對(duì)方球籃框中得分，并阻止對(duì)方獲得球權(quán)和得分。隊(duì)員可將球向任何方向傳、投、拍、滾或運(yùn)，但要受規(guī)則的限制。籃球比賽的形式多種多樣，其中包括最流行的街頭三人籃球賽。當(dāng)今世界籃球水平最高的聯(lián)賽是美國(guó)籃球職業(yè)聯(lián)盟（NBA）比賽。籃球文化是體育文化的亞文化，也是一種社會(huì)形態(tài)，通過對(duì)籃球文化的理解及我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化對(duì)我國(guó)籃球文化和籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展的影響，提出我國(guó)籃球發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。為重新認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)提供有益的啟示。

關(guān)鍵字：

籃球文化 籃球運(yùn)動(dòng) 發(fā)展趨勢(shì)

籃球知識(shí)

一 對(duì)籃球文化的理解

對(duì)于 文化的概念至今仍是學(xué)術(shù)界爭(zhēng)論不休 的一個(gè)難題，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，至今 已有 200多種 中國(guó)古籍中的 “文化”一詞最早出現(xiàn)于《周禮》“關(guān)于天文，以察時(shí)變。關(guān)乎人文。以化成天下?！爆F(xiàn)代意義上的“文化 ”概念。肇始于文藝復(fù)興 時(shí)期，康德、席勒和黑格 爾都 各 自從道德、美 學(xué)及哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域?qū)ξ幕M(jìn) 行過理性的思索，但關(guān)于真正 明確 的“文化”定義，都 引用 19世紀(jì)英 國(guó)文化人類學(xué)家愛德華、泰勒的提 法，“文化”是一種復(fù)雜體，它包括 知識(shí)、信仰、藝術(shù)道德、法律、風(fēng)俗及其余從社會(huì)上習(xí)得的能力與習(xí)慣。體育不僅是一種社會(huì)活動(dòng)，更是一種文化。體育文化是 以身體 為媒介，把滿足人類需求的身體活動(dòng)進(jìn)行加工，組織和秩序化，形成獲得社會(huì)承 認(rèn)的、具有獨(dú)立意義和價(jià)值的文化 內(nèi)容包括體育認(rèn)識(shí)，體 育情感，體育價(jià)值、體 育思想、體育道德、體育制度和體育物質(zhì)條件等?；@球運(yùn)動(dòng)既是一項(xiàng)綜合性的活動(dòng)游戲。又是現(xiàn)代

競(jìng)技體育 的一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng) 目更是一種社會(huì)文化形態(tài)稱之為籃球 文化?；@球 文化是體育文化的亞文化它的真正價(jià)值 在于發(fā)展過程 中不斷地產(chǎn)生種種有趣故事，給人 以啟示和鼓舞，使 人增 智和受到教育，籃球文化以豐富多彩的實(shí)踐內(nèi)容融入全 面綜合 素質(zhì)教育，開發(fā)人的智慧，陶冶人的情操，使 人掌握不同時(shí)間空間條件 下身體 運(yùn)動(dòng) 規(guī)律 和支 配規(guī)律 的各 種技 能與 能力 ；籃球文化以獨(dú)特 的活動(dòng)形式最形 象地展 示人體優(yōu)美形態(tài)和心靈氣質(zhì)，和諧地反映人類對(duì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)文明生活的創(chuàng)新，完善和追求。

二 中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育文化對(duì)籃球文化和籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展的影響

中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化是以“儒、道、佛”諸家的思想為基礎(chǔ)其傳統(tǒng) 的體育文化是 以保健性，技藝性和表演性為基本模式，以崇尚禮儀、寬厚、平和 為價(jià)值取 向的體育形態(tài)。

中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育文化強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，忽視個(gè)體，強(qiáng)調(diào)義務(wù)和責(zé)任。我國(guó)籃球 歷來(lái)重視整體配合，追 求整體實(shí) 力，但忽視 了培養(yǎng)具有一定特 點(diǎn)、個(gè)性 的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。尤其是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的整體 思維方法在一定 程度上影 響了運(yùn)動(dòng)員 的創(chuàng) 造力表現(xiàn) 為運(yùn)動(dòng) 員缺少個(gè)性和特點(diǎn)、缺少?gòu)氖禄@球運(yùn)動(dòng)所應(yīng)有 的創(chuàng)造力。西方文化注重分析思維而導(dǎo)致 了注重個(gè)體從而產(chǎn)生 了西方體育文化的個(gè)體主義，自由主義的哲學(xué)觀點(diǎn)。中國(guó)認(rèn)為籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)是崇 尚整體協(xié)作，尋求和諧統(tǒng)一，在訓(xùn)練上重視技、戰(zhàn)術(shù)提高，輕視素質(zhì)訓(xùn)練，在戰(zhàn)術(shù)上注重整體配合，隊(duì)員個(gè)人缺乏獨(dú)擋一面的能力及即興發(fā)揮 的欲望。過分拘泥于賽前安排好的戰(zhàn)術(shù)套路，缺乏應(yīng)有的場(chǎng)上應(yīng)變能 力和隊(duì)員獨(dú)立作戰(zhàn)能力。

三 籃球文化背景下的市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作

籃球能夠在全世界成為人們最喜愛的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)之一不僅 因?yàn)樗袕V大的普

及群體，(目前，國(guó)際籃聯(lián) 已擁有1 8 O 多個(gè)會(huì) 員國(guó)，全世 界大約 有 5億 人參加籃 球運(yùn)動(dòng)。)還因?yàn)樗哂袕V闊的市場(chǎng)前景和基礎(chǔ)。職業(yè)籃球是在商 品經(jīng)濟(jì) 的刺激下和競(jìng)技水平迅速提高的背景下產(chǎn)生的一種特殊的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。早在 1898年，美國(guó)新澤西州一支球隊(duì)開創(chuàng)了 “有償籃球比賽”的先河。這場(chǎng)籃球 比賽的真正貢獻(xiàn)在于體現(xiàn)了籃球市場(chǎng)價(jià)值。

從 19世紀(jì)后 期競(jìng)技體育處 于職業(yè)運(yùn) 動(dòng)的萌 芽狀 態(tài)到二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后 NBA的誕生，世界競(jìng)技體育的職業(yè)化發(fā)展進(jìn)入 了一個(gè)高潮。作 為職業(yè)籃球代表的 NBA，在不斷發(fā)展、壯大的 5O多年中，運(yùn) 用市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī) 律和科學(xué) 的職 業(yè)籃球 管理 制度成為一個(gè) 擁有 40多億美元資產(chǎn) 的體 育經(jīng)營(yíng) “巨人”。在 NBA的影響和帶動(dòng)下，籃球職業(yè)化、商業(yè)化成 為一種世界性發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。從 NBA 的發(fā)展進(jìn)程 中可 以看到，高度的商業(yè)性與文化性是職業(yè)籃球 的本質(zhì)特征。從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度看，職 業(yè)籃球具有極大的商業(yè)價(jià)值。20世紀(jì) 4O年代，由于美 國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們?cè)谖镔|(zhì)生活滿足后轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)裆畹目释?，一些?jīng)紀(jì)人從 中發(fā)現(xiàn)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)能為社會(huì)帶來(lái)無(wú)窮的商機(jī)，充滿商業(yè)性 的職業(yè)籃球從此誕生。

從社會(huì)文化角度看，職業(yè)籃球是一種具有技藝性與觀賞性相結(jié)合的獨(dú)特文化。職業(yè)籃球必須 以提 高 自身技藝和觀賞價(jià)值作為職業(yè)籃球賴 以發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。利用高水平籃球的商業(yè)價(jià)值與文化價(jià)值，參與社會(huì)商業(yè)活動(dòng)與社會(huì) 文化活動(dòng)，為社會(huì)提供相 應(yīng)服務(wù)，同時(shí)獲得經(jīng) 濟(jì)效益是職業(yè)籃球發(fā)展 的普遍規(guī)律。

體育作為一種社會(huì) 形態(tài)是把滿足人類需求的 身體活動(dòng)進(jìn)行加 工、組織和秩序 化，因此，它就要 符合商業(yè) 性和娛樂性的市場(chǎng)規(guī)律，進(jìn)而通過市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作能夠刺激籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展和提 高籃球 運(yùn)動(dòng) 水平并擴(kuò)展 其 生存 空間。美 國(guó)N B A，它圍繞競(jìng)爭(zhēng)開展了市場(chǎng)化經(jīng)營(yíng)道路，可 以說讓我們開了眼界，它將籃

球所能帶來(lái)的一切利益不斷挖掘，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，美國(guó)每 年觀看 N B A 的觀眾不少于 2000萬(wàn)人。而門票收入只 占其總收入的 5％左右。N B A 的 2 9個(gè)俱樂部老板 不僅依 靠投 資的籃球賺錢，還能 為自己的其它產(chǎn)品做宣傳，也 為那些贊助商做了廣告，促進(jìn) 了各個(gè)行業(yè)的發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造出了不可估量的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。

經(jīng)過一學(xué)期的籃球課學(xué)習(xí)，我學(xué)習(xí)到了很多有用的技術(shù)和技巧，籃球水平有了很大的提高。下面是經(jīng)過學(xué)習(xí)，我在籃球方面的一些心得體會(huì)?；@球技術(shù)分為進(jìn)攻和攻守兩大部分。進(jìn)攻技術(shù)包括傳、接球，投籃，持續(xù)攻破；防守技術(shù)包括搶、打、斷球；移動(dòng)和搶籃板球既屬于進(jìn)攻技術(shù)又屬于防守技術(shù)。籃球技術(shù)是籃球戰(zhàn)術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)。想要打好籃球，首先得練好籃球技術(shù)?；@球技術(shù)分為進(jìn)攻和防守兩大部分，各個(gè)部分都由許多技術(shù)所組成。除了進(jìn)攻與防守技術(shù)中均有移動(dòng)和搶籃板球外，其進(jìn)攻技術(shù)有傳球、接球、投籃、運(yùn)球、突破等，防守技術(shù)有防守對(duì)手、搶球、打球、斷球等。

籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)是技術(shù)與戰(zhàn)術(shù)的完美結(jié)合。單純的技術(shù)，由于沒有戰(zhàn)術(shù)的配合，其只能是五個(gè)人各自為戰(zhàn)，再好的技術(shù)，在對(duì)方的戰(zhàn)術(shù)配合攻擊下也無(wú)法發(fā)揮作用，只能以失敗告終。同樣，單純的戰(zhàn)術(shù)，沒有技術(shù)的支撐，再完美的戰(zhàn)術(shù)配合也不能夠很好的發(fā)揮出來(lái)，最后也只能遺憾出局。只有技術(shù)、戰(zhàn)術(shù)均衡發(fā)展，完美配合，方能將籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)揮的相當(dāng)?shù)母叨取Ｈ魏握_的戰(zhàn)術(shù)意圖和先進(jìn)的戰(zhàn)術(shù)配合的實(shí)現(xiàn)，都要求運(yùn)動(dòng)員必須熟練掌握一定數(shù)量的和質(zhì)量的技術(shù)動(dòng)作做保證，沒有技術(shù)也就談不上戰(zhàn)術(shù)。只有技術(shù)掌握得扎實(shí)、熟練、先進(jìn)，才能保證戰(zhàn)術(shù)的多邊形和高質(zhì)量。

籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)是一項(xiàng)以球?yàn)楦?jìng)賽工具，以投籃得分為目的的而進(jìn)行的攻守交替，集體對(duì)抗的球類運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。經(jīng)常參加籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)，可以使身體得到全面鍛煉?；@球

活動(dòng)形式靈活，具有較強(qiáng)的趣味性和競(jìng)技性，并容易普及，深受人們的喜愛，它對(duì)于增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)、促進(jìn)身心健康，提高體育活動(dòng)的參與意識(shí)，培養(yǎng)優(yōu)良品質(zhì)都具有重要的意義。

結(jié)束語(yǔ)：

籃球 文化以獨(dú)特 的活動(dòng) 形式最形象地展 示人體優(yōu) 美形態(tài)和心靈氣質(zhì)，和諧地反映人類對(duì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)文 明生活的創(chuàng)新，完善和追求。籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)中所蘊(yùn)含 的人文精神反映了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)對(duì)人的生命質(zhì)量和 生存價(jià) 值及 自我實(shí)現(xiàn) 與發(fā)展的關(guān)懷。籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)在促進(jìn)人類生理和心理健康方面的作用是其所創(chuàng)造 的物質(zhì)財(cái)富和精神財(cái)富的一部分?；@球運(yùn)動(dòng)的商業(yè)價(jià)值已經(jīng)得到了充分的體現(xiàn)?；@球運(yùn)動(dòng)的文化價(jià)值在于其通過順利地傳播、用積極的手段體現(xiàn) 了個(gè)人 自身的價(jià)值、促進(jìn) 了人類自身的有序生存和持續(xù)發(fā)展

第四篇：籃球課論文

籃球課心得小結(jié)

籃球是一項(xiàng)集體運(yùn)動(dòng)。注重配合以及團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。它不僅具有很強(qiáng)的娛樂性，而且可以使人從緊張的狀態(tài)得到放松，促進(jìn)身心的健康發(fā)展，從而使人在體能上得到鍛煉。

籃球技術(shù)分為進(jìn)攻和防守兩大部分。進(jìn)攻技術(shù)包括傳、接球，投籃，持球突破；防守技術(shù)包括搶、打、斷球；移動(dòng)和搶籃板球等。進(jìn)攻主要是運(yùn)球和傳球，這不僅要靠個(gè)人的技能更注重隊(duì)員之間的配合。防守技能則主要是對(duì)個(gè)人反應(yīng)力和靈敏度的考察。

這學(xué)期的籃球課，主要是練習(xí)運(yùn)球和三步上籃。之前學(xué)三步上籃一直是掌握不好上籃的時(shí)機(jī)，直接結(jié)果就是，進(jìn)不了球，這次課，老師詳細(xì)講授了三步上籃的要領(lǐng)，還帶我們進(jìn)行了分解動(dòng)作的練習(xí)，經(jīng)過幾節(jié)課的練習(xí)，漸漸熟練了上籃的技巧。

剛開始接觸籃球是初中的時(shí)候，幾個(gè)比較有運(yùn)動(dòng)細(xì)胞的女生湊在一起打，有時(shí)還叫上男生練技術(shù)。后來(lái)就進(jìn)了校隊(duì)，暑假的時(shí)候集訓(xùn)一段時(shí)間，每年十月的時(shí)候去參加全市初中生籃球比賽。參加比賽的經(jīng)歷真是一段難忘而珍貴的體驗(yàn)?；@球比賽是和平時(shí)打球完全不同的感覺，興奮而緊張。第一次上場(chǎng)比賽的時(shí)候特別緊張，運(yùn)球投籃都特別僵硬，領(lǐng)隊(duì)就跟我們說要放松心態(tài)，要配合，比賽不是一個(gè)人出彩的地方，要懂得團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。第一次參加比賽，是初二，經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，配合也不默契，可能是沒有量的積累，所以只得了第五名，鎩羽而歸。當(dāng)時(shí)挺失落，很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間都沒打過球。初二的暑假又開始訓(xùn)練了，當(dāng)時(shí)很猶豫參不參加，畢竟我不是什么專業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員，還是應(yīng)當(dāng)以學(xué)業(yè)為重，再者，當(dāng)時(shí)中考迫在眉睫，老師和家長(zhǎng)態(tài)度都不支持。不過最后還是去了，隊(duì)友們都希望我去，就是這樣，我覺得籃球有種特殊的魅力就是，你在團(tuán)隊(duì)里無(wú)人可以替代的感覺，團(tuán)隊(duì)精神深深的感染著每個(gè)人。第二年去參賽很幸運(yùn)，奪冠了，付出的汗水和淚水都得以回報(bào)?，F(xiàn)在回想起來(lái)，當(dāng)時(shí)一起訓(xùn)練，看NBA比賽練習(xí)假動(dòng)作，打配合，都特別生動(dòng)難忘。

籃球給我?guī)?lái)的快樂遠(yuǎn)不止此，我覺得每次打過球后，第二天精神狀態(tài)都特別好，學(xué)習(xí)效率極高，運(yùn)動(dòng)能促進(jìn)人的各個(gè)方面的發(fā)展，這我是深有體會(huì)。另外籃球還特別磨練人的耐力和意志。每次打比賽的時(shí)候，全場(chǎng)跑，打十分鐘比賽就特別累，體力下降很快，可那個(gè)時(shí)候就會(huì)強(qiáng)迫自己堅(jiān)持一下，告訴自己，隊(duì)友需要你，抱著這樣的想法，就會(huì)堅(jiān)持打完一場(chǎng)比賽。這無(wú)論對(duì)于我們?nèi)粘５膶W(xué)習(xí)還是工作，都是有益的。它帶給人一種責(zé)任感。

上了大學(xué)，大家都不太有空打球了，以前的隊(duì)友咫尺天涯，籃球也逐漸淪落為了一項(xiàng)“心中”的愛好。不過能湊齊幾個(gè)人的時(shí)候還是會(huì)一起打打比賽。今年開的籃球課，總算是選上了，這門課幫我重新打了一遍基礎(chǔ)，彌補(bǔ)了很多技術(shù)上漏洞，也讓我看到了許多新的練習(xí)方法，可以說是收獲良多。希望以后還能有更多接觸籃球?qū)W習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。

第五篇：籃球英語(yǔ)翻譯論文

成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

The Translation of English Term of Basketball

Abstract: This article focuses on the discussion of the translation of English term of basketball.The author mainly discusses two aspects about the translation of English term of basketball, which is the definition of translation, the feature of translation of English term of basketball.Through analyzing the current situation of domestic basketball club, in order to achieve the purpose of finding out the influence of translation of English term of basketball on the basketball game.This article proved that a good English translator of basketball is very important.A good translator not only can affect players, coaches and club, but also can affect the result of a basketball game.It can be seen from this article that domestic clubs lack professional translators of English term of basketball now, so domestic clubs need to cultivate the talents of translation of English term of basketball.Keywords: basketball;translation;English

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成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

淺談籃球術(shù)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)翻譯

摘要：本文是關(guān)于籃球英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯的討論。作者主要從翻譯的基本概念和籃球英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯的特點(diǎn)這兩方面對(duì)籃球英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯進(jìn)行了討論，通過分析籃球俱樂部的現(xiàn)狀，從而達(dá)到找出在籃球比賽中籃球英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯對(duì)比賽的影響的目的。本文證明了一個(gè)好的籃球英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯的重要性。一個(gè)好的籃球英語(yǔ)翻譯不僅能影響球員，教練和俱樂部，而且能影響籃球比賽的結(jié)果。從本文可以看出，目前國(guó)內(nèi)俱樂部缺乏專業(yè)的籃球術(shù)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)翻譯，所以國(guó)內(nèi)俱樂部需要培養(yǎng)這方面的人才。

關(guān)鍵詞：籃球；翻譯；英語(yǔ)

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成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

Contents

1.Introduction............................................................................................................................1 2.English translation..................................................................................................................1 2.1 Concept of translation.......................................................................................................1 2.2 The word feature of translation of basketball...................................................................2 2.3 The function feature of translation of basketball..............................................................3 3.The feature of translation of basketball..................................................................................3 3.1 The word is lively, interesting and vivid..........................................................................3 3.2 A rich of Compound words...............................................................................................3 3.3 Short term and easy to understand of words....................................................................4 4.The influence of English translation of basketball on basketball game.................................4 4.1 Element which influence the translation..........................................................................4 4.1.1 Interpreters have no standard pronunciation and lack of solid grounding in English........................................................................................................................................4

4.1.2 Management of English interpreters of basketball is not standardized...................5 4.1.3 Interpreters lack experience.....................................................................................5 4.2 Results of translator?s mistake..........................................................................................6 4.2.1 Tactical chaos of basketball.....................................................................................6 4.2.2 Success or failure of competition............................................................................6

5.Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………..6

Reference..................................................................................................錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................8

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成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

The Translation of English Term of Basketball

1.Introduction Doctor James Naismith invented the basketball on December 1891.At that time, the purpose of invention of the basketball sports is to let people exercise physical better.But along with the development of the economy and the entertainment, in today's society，basketball has developed into a purely commercial movement, exercise is no longer the main purpose of playing basketball , more important is to earn much money.With NBA which represents the highest level basketball of the world entered into China since 1987, basketball sports has started to spread in China day and day.But with the improvement and development of the competitive level of basketball, the domestic local basketball players have been unable to meet the needs of the development level of basketball.Thus a large number of international basketball players began to enter the domestic market.Along with their entering, it brought a series of problems, and one of them is communication.In this situation, the translation of basketball plays an important role.This article focuses on the English translation of term of basketball, and the author tries to find out the influence of translation of English term of basketball on the basketball game.2.English translation

2.1 Definition of translation Translation refers to conversion of meaning from one language to another language.Simply put, it is an art of reproducing the author?s exact idea by means of another language from the original.According to the above definition of translation, author knows that the original thought of the expression should be retained as far as possible.Nothing should be added or taken away from the original work.Therefore, two essential elements should be involved in translation: accuracy and expressiveness.Accuracy is the first indispensable quality of translation.A translator should prudently adhere to the author?s idea, which means that the diction selected and syntactic structure must convey the exact original thought.Expressiveness is to make the translation readily understood.In other words, the translator

成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

must express the author?s idea as clearly and as forcibly as translator can by the medium translator employs.Accuracy is to make the translation definite and exact;while expressiveness is to make the translation vivid and attractive.There are many kinds of definitions of translation.With regards to translation, people can not simply define as “a kind of language of another kind of form.” With the development of translation theory and practice, translators are on the translation of the continuous generation of new knowledge, different translators, and translators in different periods of translation are also different interpretations of the concept, which explain the strengths and weaknesses, while others are more comprehensive, and some are more one-sided.Giving an accurate definition of translation is a thorny issue.At present, there are many kinds of definitions, and here are some typical definitions.ZhangPeiji thinks that translation is an activity of language which uses one language to express contents of another language accurately and completely.(Zhangpeiji, 1921)Caiyi thinks that translation is a language used to convey the information expressed in another language.(Caiyi, 1927)Fengqinghua believes that translation is a kind of activity in many languages, it is in a language form to another form of language where the contents of the re-shown by the language of practical activities.Translation is an art, is a re-creation of language arts.(Fengqinghua, 1958)Catford, a famous English translation theorist believes that the definition may be translated this way: put the chapter materials in a language in the chapter material in another language to be replaced.Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.(Eugene Nida, 1914)2.2 The word feature of translation of basketball To use ordinary indefinite tense instead of simple past tense, in order to express more vividly and effectively.For example, “The final score is 98 to 82 in the whole game.”；“Rockets beat Lakers 55 to 50 at first half.”

To use passive sentences express active significance.In general, when an appropriate action is issued, there is no need to be mentioned, or it is difficult to say people who want to emphasize the use of action of bearer.For example, “He got a nice ball.”

To use the imperative sentences frequently and simple language is necessary.For

成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

example, “Well saved”(漂亮的救球)，”good shot”(好球).Though these sentences have no subject, it expresses the meaning clearly, so there is no problem to understand.In general, the imperative sentences are so short that the recipient of language can not be understood the meaning clearly.2.3 The function of translation

The communication is the main function of English translation of basketball。Firstly translator must understand coach?s meaning, and then translators express the coach?s meaning to players clearly.Let the players understand the coach?s requirements and execute tactical better on the pitch and play their competitive level effectively.On the other hand, good translation can make foreign and local players? communicate with each other better, and make them cooperate better on the pitch.For example, translation can make foreign and local players know how to confirm their own positions and what they should do in the pitch.3.The characteristics of the words translating basketball games 3.1 Words of being lively In the translation of basketball, the words used are lively, interesting and vivid.For example, ?Pick?, it usually means selecting one from many things, but in the English term of basketball, people translate ?cover?.It means attacking players standing on one side or standing behind enemy defensive players to hinder defensive players.And ?press?, people usually translate ?use hands or something push something down?.In the English term of basketball, people translate ?tight defensive?.It includes “full-court press”, “half-court press”, “zone press”, “one-man press” and “two-man press”.There are many similar examples in the translation of English term of basketball, these words are vivid, and they make the translation of English term of basketball express more accurately.3.2 Rich in Compound words There are many compound words in English term of basketball.These compound words not only make the English term of basketball richer, but also break through the bound of basketball English.Such as ?free-throw?，when the foul will be appeared in game, it?s ?free-throw? time.And ?away game?, a basketball team goes to other city to play game, this situation we call ?away game?.The common meaning of “free agent” is an agent of institution.成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

In basketball English, it means a player who his contract expires, also means this professional player not bound by contract.There are two kinds of free agent: unrestricted free agent and restricted free agent.“behind-the-back”，in basketball game, this words have two meanings.One means when one player dribbles, he hides his ball behind his body, in order to avoid the defense;another means pass the ball behind his body, in order to the ball not to be stole.And in common translation, this word just means behind somebody.This kind of compound word not only so short that players can understand clearly in competitive game, it not only avoids long words wasting time, but also reduces translators? pressure and makes players can understand better.So the compound words are very important in basketball game.3.3 Short terms of words The words of basketball English is a kind of special vocabulary, many simple words have specific meaning in basketball English.Such as “tie”, the common meaning of tie is knotting something, but in English of basketball, tie means the game?s score is the same.Words are very short in the translation of English term of basketball.The feature is that it is intend to use less word as far as possible to express complicated meaning in the translation of English term of basketball, and make player understand couch?s arrangement quickly in competitive game.For example, ?charging foul? means when you are dribbling, you are hitting the opposite player at the same time.?Double team? means that using two players to defense a player.In the game, coaches just use these words to express his meaning.“Chest”, in common translation, it means a part above the waist and below the neck of our body.But in basketball translation, it means pass the ball before this part.This kind of short can save the time and let the information of coaches and players transfers quickly.4.The influence of the translation of English terms of basketball on basketball game.4.1 Elements which influence the translation 4.1.1 The interpreters’ language ability.To solve the problem of communication of between foreign players and local players in matches and trainings is the main purpose of club.The continuity of the basketball training process and specialization of technical requirements requires that translators should be quick，成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

accurate and efficient in language transformation.Especially in the game, the translation should be highlighted more effectively and accurately.Then foreign players just can improve their execution and play their competition effectively.Otherwise, it may cause the club?s unnecessary losses.So translators? level is very important for club.Most English translators have bilingual ability, but the masters? degrees are relatively few and lack the ability of good oral and written expression.Some translators have never take part in basketball game before, and they are more likely to make mistakes when translators translate some technical terms of basketball game terms.And the pronunciation of translator is not standard and often make player can not understand clearly.4.1.2 No standardized management The translation of English term of basketball is a new career.From the training, qualified certifications to obtain employment is the system of choosing an eligible translator of English terms of basketball.Currently there aren?t any special training institutions which can help choose the translation talents who accord with the requirements of basketball club, so it lacks the resource of professional basketball English translation talents.On the other hand, there aren?t any special administrative departments managing the English translators of basketball club.There are also no relevant service standards and qualified evaluation system in basketball management institution.This situation makes clubs are lack of effective way when they find translators.4.1.3 No translation training of basketball terminology

Ensuring proper training and correct translation of basketball game is the core of club work, so club?s translators must know the sports English and basketball English very well;they also must be familiar with the basic terms of basketball sports.Generally speaking, not only they need the ability of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation, but also they should be able to deeply understand the various tactics terminology and truly comprehend the tactical intentions in terms of language expression.So if club can?t grasp this, it is difficult to finish the job.The translation of English term of basketball is a new career.Due to starting late，the development of this career is relatively immature.The translators? work ability of this field will be influenced by actual work experience.The investigation of researchers found that the

成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

professional basketball translators only worked 2 years on average, so it is unavoidable to lack work experience compare with the other industries.This will affect their working level.If translators make mistakes at the last moment of pitch or they don?t know terminology well, there are many mistakes and can?t communicate swimmingly.It is not accurate the meaning that some translators expresses between players and coaches.It is different between English translators and sports professional translators.Now more foreign coaches come to local basketball club, the club also needs foreign coaches to communicate with local coaches and players through sports professional translators.If foreign coaches need players to practice the tactics of “half-court press”, but translator translated “half press”, players will be confused.So sports professional translators are important to team.Author thinks that if there is a serious mistake in the translation it may affect results of competition or lose game.4.2 Results of translator’s mistakes

4.2.1 Tactical Chaos of Basketball Coach is a leader of a team.Coach?s words and tactic is order.Translator is a person who conveys order to foreign players.If the translators have no good level, they can not express couch?s meaning clearly, and then players can not executive couch?s tactics very well.On the other hand, foreigner players must communicate with local players, not only in the game or training, but also in life.The communication must be helped by translators.So a unqualified translator can make foreign players and local players appear turnovers frequently and not trippingly cooperate with each other，because they can not communicate with each other very well.4.2.2 Success or failure of competition The result of tactics chaos is losing the game at a critical moment.For example, at the key moment in the game, coach needs players to use the tactical of full-court press, but translator translates it to the foreign players as half-court press.Finally, due to the foreign player?s mistake makes club lose the game.After losing the game, the players probably will blame each other.Then the harmony of a team may be damaged.Coach will lose trust to foreign players.In today's society, basketball has developed into a purely commercial movement.So the game is related to club?s profit, if players lose the game, the club will suffer a loss.So a good translator can not only directly affect the players, but also can

成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

indirectly affect the game as well as the club?s business.5.Conclusion

It can be seen that a translator of English term of basketball can affect the players and the achievement of club.Through analyzing, author thinks that if somebody needs to be a good English translator of basketball term, not only the translators must have good English foundation, but also have much knowledge of basketball.So a good translator of English term of basketball is important to players, coaches and club.成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

Reference Bell, Roger T.Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice.Beijin: Foreign Language and Education Press, 2007.J．C.Catford.Linguistic of translation theory.Oxford University, 1965.Maria Tymoczko, Edwin Gentzler.Translation and power.Beijin: Foreign Language and Education Press, 2007.Nida,EugeneA.Language, culture and translation [M].Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language and Education Press, 1993.程蘭芝.體育開臺(tái)sports English.世界圖書出版公司，2003.胡本東.中國(guó)職業(yè)籃球俱樂部體育英語(yǔ)翻譯人員現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展和對(duì)策研究.濟(jì)寧學(xué)院體育系，山東，曲阜，2008.馬國(guó)力.體育英語(yǔ).外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社，2002.譚載喜.翻譯學(xué).武漢：湖北教育出版社，2000.趙桂華.翻譯理論與技巧.哈爾濱：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版，2002.http://fanyixueyuan.scientrans.com/tiyufanyi/Index.html 2010/4/23

成都信息工程學(xué)院銀杏酒店管理學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文

Acknowledgments I would like to thank my supervisor Miss Xie for her invaluable guidance, enthusiasm and support throughout the course of this work.I am also very grateful to Owen Zhang for her helpful comments and insightful suggestions during the research and writing of this thesis.I would also like to thank Tonney for taking the time to help me.Many other people have helped and contributed their time to the research of this thesis.My thanks to Miss Min for their invaluable comments and suggestions.I would also like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude toward everyone in the English Department of Yinxing University, especially Miss Min, Mr Hou, for their valuable suggestions and help in these two years of study as well as their friendship.Thanks to all the other friends I have made at Yinxing University for making my stay at campus an enjoyable period of time.I will always be indebted to my family, especially my parents Sujianping and Xuhuiping.I would like to thank them for their support and confidence in me.My gratitude goes to everyone at home.This thesis would not have been possible without all their kindness and encouragement.