第一篇：怎么區(qū)分定從賓從同位語(yǔ)從句

怎么區(qū)分定從賓從同位語(yǔ)從句？（從成分方面）老師說(shuō)什么。。做在句子中做成分就是。。去掉以后句子不完整就是。。

滿意答案：

從句按其在主句中的句法功能可分為三類，即名詞性從句、形容詞性從句(即定語(yǔ)從句)和副詞性從句(即狀語(yǔ)從句)。引導(dǎo)從句的詞稱作關(guān)聯(lián)句。名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)這些名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括: 從屬連詞that, if, whether;連接代詞who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;連接副詞where, when, why, how。其中, 從屬連詞只起連接作用, 在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句法成分,而連接代詞和連接副詞既起連接作用, 在從句中又充當(dāng)一定的成分.That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party.I don't know if he will attend the meeting.Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)瑪麗要和湯姆結(jié)婚的消息了嗎?(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)[提示] 1.在含有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中, 為保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句置于句末.It's well known that water is indispensable to life.2.為保持句子平衡, that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句也常用it代替, 而將真正的賓語(yǔ)從句置于主句句末。這常常出現(xiàn)在主句有形容詞或分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況下。He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.3.從屬連詞whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。whether可與or(not)連用, 而if不可以。I don't know whether(if)she is at home.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.4.that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別: that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,而what在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分, 如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。that可省略, what則不可省。He always means what he says.She suggested(that)he do it at once.5.同位語(yǔ)從句大多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo), 常跟在下列名詞后面,如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省，一般用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明這些名詞的具體含義和內(nèi)容。We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.如何判斷各類從句呢？ 答： 1．分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)以區(qū)分從句的種類。遇到一個(gè)復(fù)合句，首先要分析其句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看從句在整個(gè)句子中起什么作用，那么它就是什么從句。2． 分析引導(dǎo)詞的句法作用以區(qū)別從句的種類。that這個(gè)詞既可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，這種兩種從句從形式和結(jié)構(gòu)上看特別相似，如何區(qū)分呢？區(qū)分that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句還是定語(yǔ)從句的方法是，看that在從句中是否充當(dāng)句子成分，若that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，則為同位語(yǔ)從句；若that在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則為定語(yǔ)從句。3． 根據(jù)被修飾詞來(lái)判斷從句的種類。定語(yǔ)從句常常修飾一些具有實(shí)際意義的名詞，如：the film；the student；the book；a house等等。而同位語(yǔ)從句常常修飾一些表示抽象概念的名詞，如fact、idea、promise、truth等，用來(lái)說(shuō)明這些名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中常用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。4．根據(jù)從句前詞的詞性來(lái)判斷從句的種類。賓語(yǔ)從句分兩種：動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句前肯定是動(dòng)詞或介詞。定語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的，所以其前一定是一個(gè)名詞或代詞。5．根據(jù)上下文意義和結(jié)構(gòu)形式上區(qū)分從句的種類。如so that即可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，如何區(qū)分呢？主要從以下兩點(diǎn)來(lái)區(qū)分。①根據(jù)上下文意義判斷?！耙员恪北硎灸康模悄康臓钫Z(yǔ)從句，“以致于……”，“結(jié)果……”表示結(jié)果，是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。②從結(jié)構(gòu)形式上來(lái)分辨。so that前有逗號(hào)，為結(jié)勤勞的蜜蜂有糖吃 果狀語(yǔ)從句，反之，則為目的狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)，so that前無(wú)逗號(hào)，這里要看從句中有無(wú)can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如果有，則多是目的狀語(yǔ)從句，若沒(méi)有，則多是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

第二篇：淺議同位語(yǔ)從句

淺議同位語(yǔ)從句

夏文華（河北省遷安市教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校 郵政編碼：064400）

摘要：同位語(yǔ)從句是中學(xué)階段比較常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，為了使學(xué)生更好地理解并掌握這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，本文從同位語(yǔ)從句的含義、正確運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞以及同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別等幾個(gè)方面對(duì)同位語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行了探討和分析。

關(guān)鍵詞：同位語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句是中學(xué)階段比較常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，由于與定語(yǔ)從句位置相同，且漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有相同的概念，因此很多學(xué)生對(duì)于這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象理解不夠透徹，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)總是較難掌握。筆者結(jié)合自己多年的教學(xué)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行一下分析。

一、同位語(yǔ)從句

1.所謂同位語(yǔ)，顧名思義，就是位于名詞或代詞后，對(duì)之起進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明作用的詞，如果起此作用的不是一個(gè)詞而是一個(gè)句子，那么這個(gè)句子就叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。

2.常跟有同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞：ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等。

例如：人教版高中英語(yǔ)教材第一冊(cè)Unit 3課文中的句子： The name “whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly（.Page 17）又如Page 27: There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again.3.常用連接詞：同位語(yǔ)從句一般由that, where, when, why, how, who, what等引導(dǎo)。

如人教版高中英語(yǔ)教材第二冊(cè)Unit 5中的句子：The idea that England stands for Fish & Clips, Speaker’s Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.(Page 35)。同位語(yǔ)有一個(gè)典型句型I have no idea結(jié)構(gòu)，有的人把這個(gè)句型列入賓語(yǔ)從句的范疇，因?yàn)镮 have no idea意思就是I don’t know...。但是嚴(yán)格的從語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)看還應(yīng)該屬于同位語(yǔ)從句。

I have no idea where I should go.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.有時(shí)候主句的謂語(yǔ)比較短，同位語(yǔ)從句比較長(zhǎng)，這個(gè)從句就不一定緊接在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面。如：Word(消息)came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.二、同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的比較

1.從位置上看。同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置都是在名詞后，不同之處在于：定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)對(duì)它前面的名詞起修飾限制的作用，屬于形容詞性從句；同位語(yǔ)從句主要是對(duì)它前面的名詞進(jìn)行解釋和說(shuō)明，屬于名詞性從句。例如人教版 高中英語(yǔ)教材第二冊(cè)Unit 14有這樣一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句: It’s a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.（Page 13）。又如The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.2、從連接詞that上看。在同位語(yǔ)從句中，that是連詞，在從句中只起連接作用，不作句子成分，沒(méi)有實(shí)在意義，但是不能省略。如人教版高中英語(yǔ)教材第一冊(cè)Unit 16中的句子: Scientists say that if a medicine works with animals, there is a very high chance that it also works with people.（Page 23）。在定語(yǔ)從句中，that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中起連接作用，并充當(dāng)從句中的句子成分（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等）。that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，同時(shí)指代先行詞。如：The book(that)she lent me is interesting.3、從內(nèi)容上看。對(duì)于有些名詞后既可以帶有定語(yǔ)從句，又可以帶有同位語(yǔ)從句的情況，一般是根據(jù)從句和名詞的關(guān)系來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷，如果是對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步的闡明，則是同位語(yǔ)從句，反之則是定語(yǔ)從句，另外還可以從名詞本身的意思來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷，帶有同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞一般為抽象名詞，而定語(yǔ)從句幾乎可以修飾任何名詞。

比較：

(1)The suggestion(that)she has given at the meeting is good.(定語(yǔ)從句)(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.（同位語(yǔ)從句）(1)句中that she has given at the meeting這個(gè)從句說(shuō)明了是她提出的建議，不是別人的建議，也就是限定了the suggestion的范圍，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明建議的內(nèi)容，從結(jié)構(gòu)上分析，that是give的賓語(yǔ)，所以這個(gè)從句是定語(yǔ)從句。

(2)句的that she should stay in the room這個(gè)從句說(shuō)明了建議的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)，that只起連詞作用，在從句中既不是主語(yǔ)，也不是賓語(yǔ)，但不能省略，所以它是同位語(yǔ)從句。

又如：(1)The news that the teacher told us is very exciting.(2)The news that our team had won the game is exciting.通過(guò)同樣的辦法我們可以判斷(1)句中劃線部分為定語(yǔ)從句，(2)句中劃線部分為同位語(yǔ)從句。

很多學(xué)生認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象有的很相似，不易區(qū)分，其實(shí)任何一種語(yǔ)言中的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象都不是完全相同的，而是有區(qū)別的，只要我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中多注意，多觀察，認(rèn)真領(lǐng)會(huì)并分析，相信一定能夠區(qū)分并能很好運(yùn)用。

參考書(shū)目： 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社《使用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》張道真編著

高等教育出版社 《高級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》薄冰主編

人民教育出版社

普通高級(jí)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教科書(shū)

作者姓名：夏文華

聯(lián)系電話：*** 通訊地址：河北省遷安市教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校 郵政編碼：064400

第三篇：同位語(yǔ)從句教案[最終版]

必修三unit5.Grammer 同位語(yǔ)從句

一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)：（Teaching aims and demands）: 1)To review the knowledge of the Noun Clause that they’ve learned 2)To master the usage of The Appositive Clause

二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)（Teaching important points）: 1)To understand the concept of The Attributive Clause 2)To mater the usage of the Attributive Clause

三、教學(xué)難點(diǎn)（Teaching difficult points）: 1)How to help students to recognize the Appositive Clause correctly 2)How to help them compare the Appositive Clause with the Attributive Clause correctly

四、教學(xué)方法（Teaching methods）: 1)Task – based teaching(任務(wù)型教學(xué))2)Discovering , discussing and summarizing（發(fā)現(xiàn)法、討論法與歸納法）

五、教學(xué)步驟（Teaching steps）Step 1.Revision(復(fù)習(xí))同學(xué)們，還記得我們學(xué)過(guò)哪些名詞性從句嗎？請(qǐng)你們看一下下面的例句，寫(xiě)出它們劃線部分的從句類型：①主語(yǔ)從句②表語(yǔ)從句③ 賓語(yǔ)從句

1.She wants to know what kind of films I like.(_________)2.That is what I want to tell you.(_________)3.Whether she will go there is not known(_________)4.It is a pity that he can't attend the party.(_________)5.The teacher suggested that he(should)read the novel.(______)6.I will tell you why I was late for the meeting.(______)Step 2.Discovering useful structures.（判斷劃線部分成分）

請(qǐng)同學(xué)們觀察下面的句子中劃線的部分，思考它們?cè)诰渥又兴鞯某煞帧?.Mrs.Liu , our English teacher , doesn’t live far from school.2.My friend , Zhanghui , often helps other classmates.3.The news that our class won the basketball match made me very happy.4.They asked me the question whether he came from America.Summary（小結(jié)）

一般的，________ 成分是對(duì)其前面的名詞或代詞進(jìn)行______和 _______。

我們把對(duì)前面的_____ 名詞進(jìn)行解 釋、_____ 的從句稱為_(kāi)_____ 從句。

Step3.Discovering useful structures.（讀句子，注意劃線句子前的名詞）

1.The news that he has passed the driving test is true.2.The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.3.There is no doubt that he will keep his promise 4.The suggestion that a new bridge(should)be built was accepted.5.We will discuss the problem whether the sports meeting be held on time.6.I have no idea when he will be back.7.He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.8.Word came that the pop star would hold a live concert in our city.Summary(小結(jié)）

1.可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常都是________ 名詞，例如有news , suggestion , ____________，__________ , ____________ ___________ 等

2.同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)，以使整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)顯得平衡。

3.引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的的連詞有________，它在句子中沒(méi)有實(shí)際______，在句中不作________。

若同位語(yǔ)從句的意義不完整，需要有“是否”的含義時(shí)，應(yīng)用________ ；如果同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需要有“誰(shuí)”，“什么時(shí)候”，“在哪里”，“為什么”等含義時(shí)，分別可以用________，________，________，________ 等連詞引導(dǎo)。Step 4.Practice(練習(xí)）

請(qǐng)你選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句（that , who , where , what ,whether and how)1.The news ________ Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.2.We haven’t yet settled the question ________we are going to spend our summer

vacation this year.3.The question ________ should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.4.I have no idea ________the boy is doing in the next room now.5.I have no idea ________I can get to the railway station.6.The problem ________we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.Step 5.Discovering grammar useful structure.請(qǐng)同學(xué)們觀察下面的句子判斷哪一句是同位語(yǔ)從句哪一句子是定語(yǔ)從句。1.The news that they won the match is true.2.The news that they told me yesterday is true.Summary(小結(jié))：我們通過(guò)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，句1中的that 引導(dǎo)的是__________ 從句，對(duì)news 起著_________ , ___________作用, 句2中 的 that 引導(dǎo)的是___________從句，對(duì) news 起著_________ 作用，在從句中做___________成分。

Summary(小結(jié)）定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1.定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行________，限制作用；同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前面________名詞進(jìn)行_____、說(shuō)明作用；

2.定語(yǔ)從句中的連詞that在句中充當(dāng)_______成分而且可以省略,that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，在從句中______句子成分，一般______省略。Step 6.Exercise: 判斷下列從句是同位語(yǔ)從句還是定語(yǔ)從句

1.The order when we should return hasn’t been decided.2.The day when new China was founded will never be forgotten.3.I have no idea where she lives.4.I don’t know the place where she lives.5.The fact that the earth turns around the sun is known to all.6.The news that she told me yesterday made me very surprised.Step 7.Homework Review the knowledge of the Noun Clause that they learned.Step 8.The design of writing on the blackboard

1)、引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的的連詞有________，它在句子中沒(méi)有實(shí)際______，在句中不作________。

若同位語(yǔ)從句的意義不完整，需要有“是否”的含義時(shí)，應(yīng)用________ ；如果同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需要有“誰(shuí)”，“什么時(shí)候”，“在哪里”，“為什么”等含義時(shí)，分別可以用________，________，________，________ 等連詞引導(dǎo)。

2)、定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1.定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行________，限制作用；同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前面________名詞進(jìn)行_____、說(shuō)明作用；

2.定語(yǔ)從句中的連詞that在句中充當(dāng)_______成分而且可以省略,that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，在從句中______句子成分，一般______省略。

第四篇：定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句(全)

教案7.21

定語(yǔ)從句詳細(xì)講解

一、定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)

1．定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等。關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用： A.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；B.代替先行詞；C.在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.該句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the man，“who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1．who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕hat is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我們物理的老師。2．whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.劉先生就是你們?cè)诠财嚿险務(wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要見(jiàn)的男孩。The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來(lái)了。The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho 來(lái)代替，也可省略。The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜歡外國(guó)作家寫(xiě)的書(shū)。The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.這是他昨天買的鋼筆。The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒(méi)有。4．that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴he number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年來(lái)參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬(wàn)。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer.春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.昨天我收到了一封來(lái)自澳 大利亞的信。5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科 學(xué)家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房 子里。

三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。The school(which / that)he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked for.=Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來(lái)。This is the boy(whom / who / that)I played tennis with yesterday.=This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩。We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom / who / that)we have often talked about.=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我們將去聽(tīng)那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。１.含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look for，look after，take care of 等。This is the watch(which / that)I am looking for.(正)This is the watch for which I am looking.(誤)這是我正在找的手表。The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（誤）那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。２．若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who, that；關(guān)系 代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(誤)你剛才跟他談話的那個(gè)人是我的鄰居。The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(誤)我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機(jī)實(shí)在很舒服。３．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞。（將先行詞帶入試試，可以看出介詞是否有問(wèn)題）如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地愛(ài)著他的父 母，他們倆待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.籃子里有好些 蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我們班總 共有40個(gè)學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.迄今為止，他寫(xiě)了10部小說(shuō)，其中３部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。

四、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1． when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻終于到了。October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？ 2． where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.我參觀了那個(gè)飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 這是他們當(dāng)初打敵人的地方嗎？ 3． why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如： From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時(shí)，他就已經(jīng)知道長(zhǎng)大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.他為什么拒絕接受邀請(qǐng)的原因是十分明了的。

五、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

句型 意義 翻譯 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。通常譯成主句的并列句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句 是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“．．．的” 逗號(hào) that 限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例： 有 不可用 無(wú) 可用 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老師告訴我說(shuō) 湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。China is a country which has a long history.中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.在街上我看到一個(gè)來(lái)自非洲的人。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他媽媽十分地愛(ài)他，對(duì)他要求很 嚴(yán)格。China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.中國(guó)是1949年 成立的，現(xiàn)在正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held ev ery year.去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會(huì)議。

（一）只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況

1．當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothing(除something), all, none, few, little, some等不定代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時(shí)。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老師講的你都記下來(lái)了嗎？ There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)似乎世界上沒(méi)有什么不可能的事。All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能為你干什么。He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他呆在圖書(shū)館查找所需的資料。(不重要，知道就行)注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有責(zé)任感的人都不會(huì)做這樣的事。All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.所有應(yīng)邀來(lái)參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。3．當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如： This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。4．當(dāng)先行詞被the very（恰?。? the only（唯一）, the sane（同樣）, the last（最后）等詞修飾時(shí)。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.這正是我要買的詞典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過(guò)后，那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。（不重要，知道就行）注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.王華是我校唯一出席會(huì)議的人。5．當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。如： Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6．當(dāng)先行詞為人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。如： They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他們談?wù)撝麄兯苡浧鸬脑谛r(shí)的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那個(gè)沿街走來(lái)的人和他的毛驢。7.當(dāng)先行詞是way，manner，measure等表示方法的詞和cause、reason、matter 等表示原因的詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也?？墒÷浴Ｈ纾?The cause(in which)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(why)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(that)we support them is unquestionable.我們?cè)麄兊睦碛墒遣蝗葜靡傻?She admired the way（that）they solved the questions.I don’t like the way(that / in which)you laugh at her.我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。

（二）只能使用關(guān)系詞which不使用that的情況

1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能使用關(guān)系詞which,不能使用關(guān)系詞that Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，這使得它很輕。2.在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,只能使用關(guān)系詞which,不能使用that This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.這就是毛主席曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的地方。（該句中的in which=where）

3、在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that, 另一個(gè)宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我來(lái)給你看我從新開(kāi)的圖書(shū)館里借來(lái)的那本小說(shuō)。注：that引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞the novel，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the library。

4、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。Here is the English grammar which,as I have told you, will help improve your English.這就是我跟你說(shuō)過(guò)的會(huì)有助于提高你英語(yǔ)的那本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法書(shū)。注：句中倆逗號(hào)夾的那一部分就是插入語(yǔ)，為了不影響對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，看到插入語(yǔ)類似這種的成分可以先劃掉，去分析其他部分的句子。

5、先行詞為that時(shí)。The clock is thatwhich can tell us the time.鐘是報(bào)時(shí)的裝置。注：該句也可以換成名詞性從句“The clock is what can tell us the time.”

（三）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

as 和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況 是：

1、as 和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see.他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來(lái)。

2、as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至分割主句。which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country.眾所周知，中國(guó)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，這一點(diǎn)我們從他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，約翰是個(gè)著名作家。Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.張華已去過(guò)巴黎十多次了，這一點(diǎn)我不相信。注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.這些桌子是金屬的，這使得這些桌子很重。3.當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)象他講的這樣的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。注意：當(dāng)先行詞受the same 修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用 that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思有區(qū)別。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過(guò)的同一條連衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。

（四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇

用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?。試比較： A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一個(gè)我們可以野炊的地方。I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一個(gè)以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度假的日子。I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過(guò)的日子。C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.這就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.這就是他向我解釋的他沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議的原因。

（五）but有時(shí)也用作關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不贊賞他的才干的。（but = who don’t）同位語(yǔ)從句詳細(xì)講解

一、定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)

同位語(yǔ)：一個(gè)名詞或代詞后面有時(shí)跟一個(gè)名詞或起名詞作用的成分，對(duì)前者進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用來(lái)解釋或說(shuō)明前面名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容，在邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同位關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：關(guān)系代詞（that,，whether，what，which，who），關(guān)系副詞（when，where，why，how），通常由that引導(dǎo)。常用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有：advice（建議），demand（要求），information（信息），news（信息），order（命令），promise（答應(yīng)），request（要求），suggestion（建議），wish（希望），word(話),agreement（一致意見(jiàn)），assumption（假定），awareness（意識(shí)），belief（信仰），conclusion（結(jié)論），conviction（深信），decision（決定），delusion（錯(cuò)覺(jué)），determination（決心），discovery（發(fā)現(xiàn)），doubt（懷疑），dream（夢(mèng)想），evidence（證據(jù)），explanation（解釋），fact（事實(shí)），feeling（感覺(jué)），guarantee（保證），guess（猜測(cè)）,hope(希望),idea(觀點(diǎn)), knowledge(認(rèn)識(shí)),likelihood(可能性),message(信息), mind(想法), news(消息),notion(觀念),objection(反對(duì)),opinion(觀點(diǎn)),possibility(可能性),prediction(預(yù)測(cè)),probability(可能性),problem(問(wèn)題),proof(證據(jù)),proposal(建議),proposition(論點(diǎn)、主張),question(問(wèn)題),realization(認(rèn)識(shí)),rumor(傳聞),sign(跡象),truth(事實(shí)),theory(理論),thought(想法)，answer（回答）等等抽象名詞。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。

二、同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞使用情況

1.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過(guò)河的命令。解析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部?jī)?nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。2.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問(wèn)題。解析：the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整，應(yīng)加“是否”的含義才能表達(dá)the problem的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。3.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時(shí)候”、“什么地點(diǎn)”、“什么方式”等含義，應(yīng)用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。I have no idea when he will be back.解析：he will be back意義不完整，應(yīng)加“什么時(shí)候”的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.解析：he went home意義不完整，應(yīng)加“如何”的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。4.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)較短，而同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句可以和同位的名詞分開(kāi)。同位語(yǔ)從句常后置。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled（逃跑）the city.The story goes that he beats his wife.傳說(shuō)他打老婆。The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息傳開(kāi)說(shuō)他中彩得了一輛汽 車。

三、同位語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)氣 在suggestion, advice, request, order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should可以省略。例如： Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。The suggestion came from the chairmanthat the new rule(should)be adopted.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來(lái)的。The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三個(gè)星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。

定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

一、意義的不同 同位語(yǔ)從句是用于說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系；而定語(yǔ)從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系。We are glad at the news that he will come.聽(tīng)到他要來(lái)這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句)We are glad at the newsthat he told us.聽(tīng)到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語(yǔ)從句)

二、引導(dǎo)詞的不同 what, how, if, whatever等可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的句子成分，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)?？墒÷?。同位語(yǔ)從句主要由連詞that 引導(dǎo)，在從句中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分；有時(shí)也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等連詞引導(dǎo)，這些連詞則在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。The news that he told me is true.（定）他告訴我的消息是真的。The news that he has just died is true.（同）他剛剛?cè)ナ懒?，這個(gè)消息是真的。The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(定)我們現(xiàn)在面臨的問(wèn)題是如何籌集這么多資金。The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同）我們?nèi)绾位I集這么多資金，這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難解決。

三、被修飾詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外，when和where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞，而它們引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不一定；又如why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，它通常只修飾名詞the reason，而它引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則不一定。I have no ideawhen they will come.我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來(lái)。(同)I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定)We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我們不明白這個(gè)問(wèn)題，為 什么這是最好的選擇。(同)Thereasonwhy he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)，原因是他 生病了。(定)

四、是否可以發(fā)展成完整句子 同位語(yǔ)從句與先行詞一般可以用動(dòng)詞be發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子, 而定語(yǔ)從句則不能。A.The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同）我們可以向老師請(qǐng)教，這個(gè)主意不錯(cuò)。The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.B.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同）地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)，這個(gè)事實(shí)人人皆知。The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.C.Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同）請(qǐng)注意如何保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物這個(gè)問(wèn)題。The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.Exercises:

1.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in London.（D）Anone of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 2.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 3.1)I have three children，and two of _____ are doctors.2)I have three children，two of ____ are doctors.A them B that C which D whom(A D)4.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.（D）A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds（引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是students,指人，所以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用whom，也可以說(shuō)twothirdsofwhom）5.I have bought two pencils，_____ writes well.（D）A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which（都是沒(méi)有一個(gè)的意思，但none of 用于三者以上neither of 只用于兩者之間）6.These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用as引導(dǎo)，即構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+（a/an）＋形容詞＋名詞＋as”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，意為“......像......一樣的”。整個(gè)句子意為：這些房屋以人們?cè)瓉?lái)估計(jì)的那樣低的價(jià)格出售。7.I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一題的解釋便可得知答案。as在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。整句意為：我從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)像你告訴我那樣有趣的故事。8.I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.9.I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.當(dāng)先行詞被same修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句由that或as引導(dǎo)，但意思不同。用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句指同一物，而用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句指同類事物。10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.Ａs在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代表它所修飾的整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容，并且它可放在所修飾句子的前、中或后面。其常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情況經(jīng)常是這樣）等。如填it，則需將逗號(hào)改為that；如選D，則需將逗號(hào)改為is that。11.This is the first time ________ he has been here.（that）12.I don't like the way ________ you speak to her.（that/省略）13．This is the best factory ____we visited last year.（that）14.Please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red.(whose)16.Do you know the comrade(戰(zhàn)友)____we are talking ? A.to whom B.to who C.whom D.to that 17.They visited the house ___the great writer was born.（born in 后往往接地點(diǎn)、年份或大地點(diǎn)，born on 后面往往接具體的某一天，born from表示源自……，由……而生（靈感）,born of 出生于….家庭）（B）A.from where B.in which C.which D.in where 18.The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.（who）19.He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class.（that）20.I’ll visit the professor tomorrow,______he will be back from Shanghai.(when)21.The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here.(where)22.Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north.(whose)23.Who is the man ____was there ?(that)24.Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir?(that)25.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.(which)26.George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.27.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.(whose)28.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.(which)29.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(where)30．Carol said the work would be done by October，_____personally I doubt very much.（which）31．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.(which)32.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.(which)33.Is there anything ______ I can do for you in town? 34.All the books ______ have selected are useful ones.35.The first thing ______ we should do is to work out the plan.36.This is one of the most exciting table tennis games ______ I have ever seen.37.The last place ______ we visited in the countryside was a farm.38.They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered at school.39.Who ______ has seen the film doesn’t like it? 40.I’ll never forget the Sunday ______ my baby was born.41.This is the way ______ my father did this work.1.We have some doubt _____ they can complete the task on time.（whether）2.There is no doubt ______ Zhang Wei will keep his promise.（that）3.The rumour（謠言）spread _____ a new school would be built here.(that)4.Report has it ____the Smiths are leaving town.(that)5.The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.(that)判斷下列句子為定語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句 1.The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（定）2.The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同）3.The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（定）4.The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同）

第五篇：同位語(yǔ)從句 知識(shí)點(diǎn)和習(xí)題

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同位語(yǔ)從句講解

一、理解同位語(yǔ)從句的含義，把握同位語(yǔ)從句的實(shí)質(zhì)

在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語(yǔ)從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。

例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。

I heard the news that our team had won．我聽(tīng)到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的息。I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在這里。1.名詞作同位語(yǔ)

Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來(lái)看我們。2.短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)

I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3.直接引語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)

But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?” 但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問(wèn)題：“多利早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿?？?4.句子作同位語(yǔ)

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開(kāi)到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。

二、正確運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語(yǔ)從句

1.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）

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例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過(guò)河的命令。

析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部?jī)?nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

2.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）

例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問(wèn)題。

析：the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整，應(yīng)加“是否”的含義才能表達(dá)the problem的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

3.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時(shí)候”、“什么地點(diǎn)”、“什么方式”等含義，應(yīng)用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意義不完整，應(yīng)加“什么時(shí)候”的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意義不完整，應(yīng)加“如何”的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

4.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)較短，而同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。

三、把握同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語(yǔ)從句和相似從句的界限

同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語(yǔ)從句不同于定語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分；定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。

區(qū)分時(shí)可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語(yǔ)從句，反之，則為定語(yǔ)從句。

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因?yàn)閠he report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位語(yǔ)從句。

例1：

1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as

析：答案為B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容，且Information不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：

2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as

析：答案為B。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語(yǔ)，且information在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以該句為定語(yǔ)從句。

例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)

A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案為B。分析語(yǔ)境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為a terrible noise，且它在從句中作主語(yǔ)。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：

I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that

析：答案為D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容，且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。

鞏固性練習(xí)：

1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A.hat B.what C.which D.why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why D.when

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4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./ D.it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when

Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA

同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的三點(diǎn)區(qū)別

同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面: 1.從詞類上區(qū)別

同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞，而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞，代詞，主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.(同位語(yǔ)從句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位語(yǔ)從句)

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Word came that he had been abroad.(同位語(yǔ)從句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很高興?(定語(yǔ)從句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面?(定語(yǔ)從句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學(xué)習(xí)?(定語(yǔ)從句,代詞all作先行詞?)2.從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別

定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如: The news that our team has won the game was true.我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的?(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的?(定語(yǔ)從句,news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)?)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我許諾如果誰(shuí)讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有?(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明promise到底是一個(gè)什么諾言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.媽媽做出了一個(gè)令她的孩子們高興的許諾?(定語(yǔ)從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語(yǔ)?)3.從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別

有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句?如: That question whether we need it has not been considered.我們是否需要它這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有考慮?(同位語(yǔ)從句)I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事?(同位語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替),并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略?that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來(lái)代替?如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫別的幾個(gè)小組的命令昨天收到了?(同位語(yǔ)從句,是對(duì)order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略?)

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The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組?(定語(yǔ)從句,是名詞order的修飾語(yǔ),that在從句中作received的賓語(yǔ),可以省略?)

1.意義的不同

同位語(yǔ)從句是用于說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語(yǔ)通?？梢詣澋忍?hào)；而定語(yǔ)從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)： We are glad at the news that he will come.聽(tīng)到他要來(lái)這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句)We are glad at the news that he told us.聽(tīng)到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語(yǔ)從句)2.被修飾詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

A．定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是名詞或代詞；而同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是名詞，而且僅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion等少數(shù)名詞。

例如：

①The boy who is playing football is my classmate． ②Those who work hard will succeed．

③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody． ④The fact that you are talking about is important．

在①句中，劃線部分是定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞是名詞 boy，它不能用作同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。

在②句中，劃線部分也是定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞是代詞those，代詞不能用作同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。在③句中，劃線部分是同位語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞是名詞fact，它同樣可以用作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，④句便是一例。由以上分析可見(jiàn)，同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞一定可以用作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，但定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞不一定能用作同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。

B．when，where，why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞一定分別是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞，而三者引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞則肯定不是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞。例如：

①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing． ②I have no idea when she will be back．

在①句中，劃線部分是when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞day是表示時(shí)間的名詞； 在②句中，劃線部分是when引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞idea則不是表示時(shí)間的名詞。

3.引導(dǎo)詞的不同

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定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句共同的引導(dǎo)詞有四個(gè)：that，when，where，why。下面把四個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞分成兩類說(shuō)明它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的不同用法。A．引導(dǎo)詞that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that叫做關(guān)系代詞，它除了起連接作用，還在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定成分，并且在意義上代表先行詞；引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that叫做從屬連詞，它只起連接作用。不能省略。例如：

①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting． ②We heard the news that our team had won．

在①句中，劃線部分是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，在意義上指代先行詞news。在②句中，劃線部分是同位語(yǔ)從句，that沒(méi)有任何意義，只起連接作用。

that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語(yǔ)。

B．引導(dǎo)詞when，where，why 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它們叫做關(guān)系副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式；引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它們叫做連接副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式。例如：

①I will never forget the day when I joined the army． ②We have no idea when she was born．

在①句中，劃線部分是定語(yǔ)從句，when在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成on which的形式；

在②句中，劃線部分是同位語(yǔ)從句，when在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式。

③This is the house where I lived two years ago．

④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held．

在③句中，劃線部分是定語(yǔ)從句，where在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成in which的形式；

在④句中，劃線部分是同位語(yǔ)從句，where在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式。

⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting． ⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent．

在⑤句中，劃線部分是定語(yǔ)從句，why在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成for which的形式；在⑥句 中，劃線部分是同位語(yǔ)從句，why在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式