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      初一英語語法全面講解(共17頁(yè))資料

      時(shí)間:2019-05-12 12:04:49下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
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      第一篇:初一英語語法全面講解(共17頁(yè))資料

      初一英語語法講解--冠詞的用法

      冠詞是一種虛詞,用在名詞或名詞詞組的前面,表示名詞是特指還是泛指。冠詞可分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種形式。不定冠詞有 a, an。定冠詞有 the.其中, a 用在發(fā)音以輔音開頭的名詞之前, 而 an 則 用在發(fā)音以元 音開頭的名詞之前。不定冠詞的用法:

      1)表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個(gè),經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物時(shí),用不定冠詞起介紹作用,表示一個(gè)。

      I gave him a book yesterday.我昨天給了他一本書。

      I have got a ticket.我有一張票。

      There is a tree in front of my house.我的屋前有一棵樹。

      2)表示人或事物的某一種類, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體, 即以其中的一個(gè)代表一類。

      A horse is useful to mankind.馬對(duì)人類有用。

      A bird can fly.鳥會(huì)飛。

      3)不定冠詞用在事物的“單位”前,如時(shí)間, 速度, 價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前,表示 “每一”。

      We often go to school two times a day.我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。

      I went to the library once a week at least.我一星期至少去一次圖書館。

      4)不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。

      A boy came to see you a moment ago.剛才有一個(gè)小孩來找你。

      I got this tool in a shop.我在商店買的這件工具。

      We need a car now.我們現(xiàn)在需要一輛車。

      5)不定冠詞用于某些詞組。

      a few 幾個(gè) a little 有點(diǎn)

      She has a few friends in this city.她在這個(gè)城市中有幾個(gè)朋友。

      There is a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里有點(diǎn)牛奶。

      定冠詞的用法。

      1)定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物。

      The bag in the desk is mine.桌子里的書包是我的。

      Is this the book you are looking for?

      這是你要找的書嗎?

      Do you know the man in back?

      你知道穿黑色衣服的人是誰嗎?

      2)定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。

      I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop.The book costs 15 yuan.我從新華書店買了一本書.這本書值十五元。

      I saw a film yesterday.The film was ended at eight o'clock.我昨天看了一場(chǎng)電影。電影八點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束的。

      3)定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前。

      the sun the moon the earth

      the sky the world the winter night

      The sun is bigger than the moon.太陽比月亮大。

      I can see a bird in the sky.我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。

      4)定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,表示這一類人或物。

      The dog is not too danger.狗不太危險(xiǎn)。

      The cat is an animal.貓是一種動(dòng)物。

      5)定冠詞與某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化, 表示某一類人。

      the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf.The wounded were brought to the hospital.受傷者被送到了醫(yī)院。

      He always helps the poor.他經(jīng)常幫助窮人。

      The deaf can go to this special school.耳聾者可以進(jìn)這所特殊學(xué)校上學(xué)。

      6)用在序數(shù)詞, 形容詞最高級(jí)和表示方位的名詞前。

      This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.這是我在中國(guó)參觀的最大的城市。

      I saw a plane coming from the east.我看見一架飛機(jī)從東方飛來。

      He is the last one to help me.他不會(huì)來幫助我的。

      7)定冠詞用在演奏樂器的名稱和文藝活動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的名稱前。

      The little girl likes to play the violin.小女孩喜歡拉小提琴。

      They are going to the cinema tonight.他們今晚要去影院看電影。

      The theater was on fire last week.劇院昨天著火了。

      8)定冠詞用在報(bào)刊,雜志的名稱的名詞之前。

      I am reading the China Daily now.我現(xiàn)在正讀中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)。

      Have you got the Evening Paper yet?

      你拿到晚報(bào)了嗎?

      The Times is a foreign newspaper.泰晤士報(bào)是一家外國(guó)報(bào)紙。

      The Peking Review is on the desk.北京周報(bào)在桌子上放著。

      9)定冠詞用在江河,海洋,山脈,群島的名稱之前。

      We live near the Yellow River.我們住在黃河邊上。

      The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最大的河。

      The Himalayas is located in Tibet.喜馬拉雅山位于西藏。

      10)定冠詞用在姓名復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示一家人。

      The Greens is very kind to us.格林一家人待我們很好。

      The Whites like the classic music.懷特一家喜歡古典音樂。

      不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合。

      1)專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞之前一般不用冠詞。

      China is a largest country in the world.中國(guó)是世界上最大的國(guó)家。

      I think water is a kind of food, too.我認(rèn)為水也是一種食物。

      Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起來柔軟。

      2)表示日常餐食名詞之前不用冠詞,但如果指具體的飲食時(shí)用定冠詞 the。

      It's time for breakfast.該吃早飯了。

      What do you have for lunch?

      你午飯吃點(diǎn)什么?

      The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive.我在那家飯店吃的飯很貴。

      3)在季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)日。球類運(yùn)動(dòng),棋類游戲的名詞之前不用冠詞。

      Summer is hot and winter is cold here.這兒夏天熱冬天冷。

      New Year's Day is coming.新年就要到啦。

      Today is the first day of May.今天是五月的第一天。

      We are going to play basketball this afternoon.今天下午我們要去打籃球。

      We don't like bridge very much.我們不太喜歡橋牌。

      4)語言的名稱前不用冠詞。

      Can you speak English?

      你會(huì)講英語嗎?

      It's difficult to learn Chinese well.要學(xué)好中文很難。

      Tom knows English but he doesn't know French.湯姆懂英語但不懂法語。

      5)某些固定詞組不用冠詞。

      by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night.I'm going to Chicago by air next week.下周我要乘飛機(jī)去芝加哥。

      I go to school on foot.我步行去學(xué)校上學(xué)。

      In fact, I don't know him at all.實(shí)際上,我一點(diǎn)也不認(rèn)識(shí)他。

      He is at home today.他今天在家。

      初一英語語法之詞法

      來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 作者: 時(shí)間:2008-10-16 點(diǎn)擊:

      330

      一、詞法

      1、名詞 A)、名詞的數(shù)

      我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:

      一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

      2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

      五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員

      九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

      十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名詞的格

      當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下: 一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

      二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

      三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí),如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

      2、代詞

      3、動(dòng)詞

      A)第三人稱單數(shù)

      當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下: 一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

      2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has B)現(xiàn)在分詞

      當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:

      一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

      4、形容詞的級(jí)

      我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下: 一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

      5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

      初一英語知識(shí)要點(diǎn)回顧之重點(diǎn)句型.Could you … ?(你 / 你們……好嗎?)句型多用來表示請(qǐng)求,這里的 could 比 can 語氣更加委婉、客氣和有禮貌,肯定回答多為:OK / All right!/ Certainly!/ Of course.否定回答常是:

      Sorry , I /

      we can’t.(不用couldn’t)。如:

      —Could you lend me your dictionary ?

      —Of course.2.one 不僅可用作基數(shù)詞表“一”之意,也能用作代詞替代前面所提可數(shù)名詞中的“一個(gè)”或代指“任何人”。例:

      1)One and two is three.一加二等于三。)I don’t have pens.Please give one to me.我沒有鋼筆,請(qǐng)給我一支。

      3)One must love one’s country.任何人都必須愛國(guó)。.You’re welcome.用來回答對(duì)方的感謝時(shí),相當(dāng)于That’s OK./ that’s all right./ Not at all.。如:

      —Thank you very much.— You’re welcome..too 這個(gè)副詞作“太”講時(shí)通常修飾形容詞或副詞(放在其前);作“也”講時(shí)多位于句尾(其前用逗號(hào)隔開)。例:

      1)Your bag is too big.你的包太大。

      2)Your bag is big , too.你的包也大。.當(dāng)名詞前有定冠詞、指示代詞和物主代詞修飾時(shí),all習(xí)慣上放在這些限定詞之前。例:all my books(我所有的書)。.the other 通常表示兩者(部分)中的“另外那個(gè)(些)”,而不帶定冠詞的 other 多用來泛指“另一些”。試比較:

      1)The twins are English.One is Lucy , the other is Lily.這對(duì)雙胞胎是英國(guó)人,一個(gè)叫露西,另一個(gè)叫莉莉。

      2)I have many friends.Some are teachers , others are police men.我有很多朋友,一些是教師,另一些是警察。.socks , shoes , trousers , glasses(眼鏡)等表示兩部分構(gòu)成的整體東西的名詞習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如果指“一雙(副)”,應(yīng)用a pair of 短語修飾。例:

      a pair of socks(一雙短襪),a pair of glasses(一副眼鏡)等。

      A pair of shoes is under the bed.8.當(dāng)詢問“某人(物)怎么啦?”時(shí),句型常用 What’s wrong with … ? 這里的疑問詞 what 不可受漢語的影響誤用 how。例:

      —What’s wrong with your kite ? 你的風(fēng)箏怎么啦?

      —It’s broken.它壞了。.worry 作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)其后習(xí)慣上只接人作賓語,意為“使……擔(dān)心”;worry 用作不及物動(dòng)詞其后能接人或物作賓語,但必須用介詞 about,意為“擔(dān)心……”。例:

      1)These apples worry me.這些蘋果使我擔(dān)心。

      2)Don’t worry about my lessons.別擔(dān)心我的功課。.tea , milk , bread , water , meat , rice 等物質(zhì)名詞均為不可數(shù)名詞,此類名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式,其前不可用不定冠詞、基數(shù)詞、指示代詞等直接修飾,若表示它們的數(shù)量,其前必須加“計(jì)量名詞 + of ”短

      語。例:a bottle of orange(一瓶桔汁),two cups of tea(兩杯茶)。

      但是??梢杂茫簍wo cups of tea = two teas 兩杯茶.It’s time … 句型后接名詞或代詞時(shí)要用 for(介詞),后接動(dòng)詞必須用 to(不定式符號(hào)),這里的主語 it 不可換用另的代詞,且 time 前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞。例:

      1)It’s time for class.該上課了。)It’s time to play games.是做游戲的時(shí)候了。

      注意:It is time for sb to do 該某人干…….something to eat(drink)意為“吃(喝)的東西”,to eat(drink)為不定式作后置定語修飾不定代詞 something。例:

      We have something to eat now.現(xiàn)在我們有東西吃

      初一英語知識(shí)要點(diǎn)回顧之語法透視

      不可數(shù)名詞用法舉要

      不可以用數(shù)目來計(jì)算的名詞稱為不可數(shù)名詞。學(xué)習(xí)不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn): 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:some meat , some bread , 不可說 some meats , some breads。

      不可數(shù)名詞不能不定冠詞 a , an 及數(shù)詞修飾,但可用 some , any , much(許多),a lot of(許多),a little(一點(diǎn))等直接修飾。如:我們不可以說a tea , two milk , 但可以說 some tea , much meat 不可數(shù)名詞前通常用量詞來表示具體的數(shù)。如:a glass of water , two cups of tea , five pieces of bread。需要注意的是:類似短語中的介詞 of 不能省去,當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于“一”時(shí),量詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如: These is some water in the bottle.瓶里有些水。Is there any rice in the bag ? 袋子里有米嗎?

      若不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)量詞修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: There are three bottles of orange on the table.桌上有三瓶桔汁。試比較:There is some orange on the table.對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問,疑問詞用 how much。例如: They want two cups of tea.→How much tea do they want ? There is some milk in the glass.→How much milk is there is the glass ? 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前量詞部分的修飾語提問題,疑問詞用 how many。例如: They want two cups of tea.→How many cups of tea do they want ? 不可數(shù)名詞表示特指時(shí)可用定冠詞 the 修飾。例如:

      The bread on the table is Li Lei’s.桌上的面包是李磊的。

      有些名詞即可作可數(shù)名詞,也可作不可數(shù)名詞,但意思卻大不相同。如:glass 作可數(shù)名詞,意思是“玻璃杯”,作為不可數(shù)名詞,意思是“玻璃”;room 作可數(shù)名詞,意思是“房間”,作不可數(shù)名詞,意思是“空間”。

      I have many friends bread meat milk fish(面包)(肉)(牛奶)(魚)難詞解碼

      some 與 any之區(qū)別

      some 和 any 都有“一些”的意思,都可作形容詞、代詞,可修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞,但兩者用法不同。

      一、some 一般用于肯定句中。例如: I can see some flowers.我能直到一些花。

      There is some milk in the glass.杯子里有一些牛奶。

      二、any 一般用于否定句和疑問句中。例如:

      — Can you see any bread on the table ? 你看到桌子上有面包嗎? —Yes , I can see some.是的,我看到一些?!狢an you see any girls in the picture ? 你能看到圖畫上的女孩嗎? —No , I can’t see any.不,我一個(gè)也看不到。

      三、some 可用于表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中。例如: — Can you give me some bread ? 你能給我一些面包嗎? — Certainly.Here you are.當(dāng)然可以,給你。Would you like some bread ? 你想要些面包嗎? 同學(xué)們,請(qǐng)看,Polly 給我們編出了一句順口溜:

      some 用于肯定句,疑問句、否定用 any,請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)與期待,仍用 some 代 any。do you like 與 would you like Do you like … ? 意為“你喜歡……嗎?”“你愛……嗎?”等,是提問者問對(duì)方習(xí)慣上喜愛什么,并不指目前一時(shí)愛好。其后常跟或 doing 結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。例: Do you like meat ? 你喜歡吃肉嗎?

      Do you like playing basketball ? 你喜歡打籃球嗎? 其肯定回答為 Yes , I do.;否定回答為 No.I don’t.。

      Would you like … ? 意為 “你想要……嗎?”“你愿意……嗎?”,指說話人委婉地向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或建議,是指目前的情況,其后常跟名詞或 to do 結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。例: Would you like some apples ? 你盧吃一些蘋果嗎? Would you like to have a cup of tea ?你想喝杯茶嗎?

      其肯定回答是 Yes , please.或 Yes , I’d like / love to.;否定回答是 No , thanks./ thank you.或 Yes , I’d like to , but … 等。例: A : Would you like a bottle of orange ? B : Yes , please./ No , thanks.would like 還可縮寫為 ’d like。例: I’d like to have a cup of tea.幽默趣賞

      1.Tom’s Answer

      Tom : Dad , black hens are more clever than white hens , aren‘t they ? Dad : How do you know it , Tom ? Tom : Well , black hens can lay white eggs , but white hens can’t lay black eggs.湯姆的回答

      湯姆:爸爸,黑母雞比白母雞聰明,不是嗎 ? 爸爸:你是怎么知道的,湯姆 ? 湯姆:喏,黑母雞能下白色的蛋,而白母雞不能下黑色的蛋。2.The Red Ink Bob : Mum , I‘m making a picture of my father.Where is the red ink ? Mum : What do you want to do with the red ink ? Bob : I’ll colour his nose red.紅墨水

      鮑勃:媽媽,我正在畫一張爸爸的像,紅墨水在哪里 ? 媽媽:你用紅墨水干什么 ? 鮑勃:我要把他的鼻子著成紅色。3.A dishonest cat 一只不誠(chéng)實(shí)的貓

      There lives a cat in the country.It likes telling lies , so that it glosses over its mistakes.在鄉(xiāng)下,有一只貓,它喜歡說謊,以便掩蓋自己的過失。

      When it catches a rat , the rat gets away.It says , “ You are too thin.I won’t catch you until you become fat.”

      它捉老鼠時(shí),老鼠逃跑了。它說:“你太瘦了,等你肥了我再捉你。”

      It climbs up a tree to catch birds , the birds flies away , and it falls off the tree.It says again: “ You are too small.I won’t catch you until you become big.”

      它爬樹去捉鳥,鳥兒飛走了。它從樹上下來又說:“你太小了,等你長(zhǎng)大了我再抓你?!?/p>

      初一英語知識(shí)要點(diǎn)回顧之典型例題解析

      交際能力與測(cè)試指要

      (1)根據(jù)所設(shè)情景選擇最佳答案。如: 1.— ______ ? — It’s eight thirty.A.How old is your sister B.What class are you in C.What’s the time , please D.What number is your car 2.當(dāng)你有事想問別人,應(yīng)先說聲:______.A.Excuse me B.I’m sorry C.Hello D.OK(2)根據(jù)對(duì)話情景,補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。如: Kate : Hi , Jim.(1)? Jim : Fine , thank you.And you ? Kate : I’m fine , too.(2)? Jim : Very well , thanks Kate :(3)? Jim : Class Four.Kate :(4)? Jim : Room Five.Kate : Oh , I see.A.Which is here classroom B.How is your sister C.How are you today D.What class is she in 解答“情景交際”題首先要清楚所設(shè)的情景是哪一類交際項(xiàng)目;其次要清楚在哪種情景下該說什么話,該如何表達(dá)自己的思想;還要清楚上下文情景的關(guān)系。

      具體題還要具體對(duì)待。上面題型(1)中的第2小題,直接選A就行了。而第1小題就必須先辨別A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)各是什么意思,然后看答句的表達(dá)形式,才能依據(jù)交際常識(shí)判斷是C。第(2)小題的一組對(duì)話設(shè)計(jì)了四個(gè)問句,這樣的題則要根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容和交際習(xí)慣,與對(duì)話一一對(duì)應(yīng)。

      選完后一定要默默讀上兩遍,細(xì)心體會(huì)一下語感,認(rèn)真檢查一下有無疏漏,最后確定。如果試題有圖片,要善于利用圖片上的信息,幫助答題,要善于從情景中悟出“天機(jī)”。交際英語講練

      問候(Greetings).“How are you ? ”“______” A.How do you do ? B.How are you ? C.I‘m fine , thank you.D.What do you do ? 介紹(Introductions)2.— Li Ping , ______.— Nice to meet you , Zhang Hong.A.that’s my friend , Zhang Hong B.this is Zhang HongC.she is Zhang Hong D.I introduce Zhang Hong to you 3.“Nice to meet you.”“_______” A.Is that so ? B.I‘ve got a cough.C.Yes , do please.D.Nice to meet you , goo.打電話(Making telephone calls)4.“Hello , 5847552.”“Hi!_____” A.Are you Linda ? B.Who are you ? C.I am David.D.Is that Linda speaking ? 5.— This is John speaking.Who is that ? — _____

      A.This is Bill.B.I am Bill.C.You are Bill.D.Where is bill ? 6.— Could I speak to headmaster ? — ______ please.A.Hold on for a moment B.Speak loudlyC.He is at work D.What’s wrong ?.A : Hello!Could I speak to Miss Grey , please ? B : ______

      A.I‘m Miss Grey.B.Yes , you could.C.SPeaking.D.Who are you ? 答案與簡(jiǎn)析:.C?!癏ow are you ? ”是熟人之間常用的客套招呼語,答語常用 “Fine , thank you.”或“Very well , thank you.”表示問候的用語還有“Good morning / afternoon / evening.Hello / Hi.”等,答語須重復(fù)原話。.B。介紹某人,常用句型“This is...”。自我介紹則用“My name is...”或“I’m...”。3.D。“Nice to meet you.”一般在兩人初次見面被互相介紹后使用,其答語為“Nice to meet you , too.”?!癏ow do you do ? ”和“Glad to meet you.”也屬于介紹用語。.D。打電話時(shí),欲問對(duì)方是誰,應(yīng)說“Who is that(speaking)? ”。5.A。打電話時(shí),欲說“我是……”,應(yīng)說“This is...”。.A。接電話時(shí),若想請(qǐng)對(duì)方別掛斷或稍等,應(yīng)說“Hold on(for a moment), please.”。.C。接電話時(shí),若你正是對(duì)方要找的人,可說“請(qǐng)講”(Speaking.);若對(duì)方要找的人不在,可說“He / She isn‘t here right now.Can I take a message for you ? ”。

      第二篇:初一英語語法名詞語法講解及練習(xí)題

      初一英語語法—名詞語法講解及練習(xí)題

      專有名詞與普通名詞

      名詞按其意義可分為專有名詞(proper noun)和普通名詞(common noun)。

      普通名詞又可分為類名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。

      1.專有名詞:是個(gè)別人、地以及專門機(jī)構(gòu)或團(tuán)體的名稱。如:New York紐約 Clinton克林頓

      2.類名詞:是一類人或物的個(gè)體的名稱。

      如:piano鋼琴,doctor醫(yī)生,ship艦船

      3.集體名詞:是一些人或物的總稱,作主語時(shí)可用復(fù)形謂語動(dòng)詞。

      如:family家庭,army軍隊(duì)

      4.物質(zhì)名詞: 是無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。

      如:sugar糖,tea茶,air空氣

      5.抽象名詞: 是動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)等抽象概念的名稱。如:work工作,honesty誠(chéng)實(shí),courage勇氣

      注:名詞按其可數(shù)性分為可數(shù)名詞(countable nouns)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable nouns)。類名詞皆可數(shù),集體名詞大都可數(shù),專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞多不可數(shù)。

      名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

      1.規(guī)則變化:

      1)一般加-s

      如:map------maps地圖 field------fields田地

      2)以s, x, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es

      如:class---classes班,box---boxes盒子 dish---dishes盤子,match---matches比賽

      3)以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,變?yōu)?ves

      如:leaf---leaves葉 thief---thieves賊(注:下列詞例外 :roofs屋頂,gulfs海灣, belief信仰,信條)

      4)以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es

      如:party---parties黨 factory---factories工廠(注:元音字母 y 結(jié)尾直接加-s: boys男孩 rays光線)

      5)以輔音字母 o 結(jié)尾,一般加-es

      如:potato---potatoes 馬鈴薯 hero---heroes 英雄(注:某些外來詞 以及以元音字母 o結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加-s: pianos鋼琴,photos照片,kilos公斤;radios收音機(jī)

      2.不規(guī)則變化

      1)變內(nèi)部元音。

      如: foot---feet腳 man---men 男人 tooth-teeth 牙齒 mouse---mice老鼠

      2)詞尾加-en

      如: child---children小孩 ox---oxen公牛

      3)形式不變(即單復(fù)數(shù)一致)

      如: deer----deer 鹿 fish---fish 魚 sheep---sheep羊復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

      由一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單名詞加一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成的名詞叫復(fù)合名詞(compound noun)。復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),有以下三種情況:

      1.把最后一個(gè)構(gòu)成部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,如: housewife → housewives家庭主婦 film-goer → film-goers愛看電影的人 gentleman → gentlemen先生 schoolroom → schoolrooms教室

      2.將主要成分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,如: looker-on → lookers-on旁觀者 sister-in-law → sisters-in-law嫂子;弟媳 passer-by → passers-by過路人 bride-to-be → brides-to-be即將做新娘的人

      3.將兩個(gè)組成部分皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),這種復(fù)合名詞第一個(gè)名詞必須是man或woman,如: man doctor → men doctors男醫(yī)生 woman teacher → women teachers女教師 man cook → men cooks男廚師 woman singer → women singers女歌手

      第三篇:初一英語語法

      初一的語法知識(shí)還是比較簡(jiǎn)單的。主要掌握幾種時(shí)態(tài) 1,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 2,一般過去時(shí) 3,一般將來時(shí) 4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 還有幾種詞 1,名詞 2,代詞 3,形容詞 4,動(dòng)詞 5,冠詞

      初一英語語法總結(jié)--詞法

      (一)在學(xué)習(xí)初一英語語法時(shí),要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心,不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。下面從幾個(gè)方面,總結(jié)出了初一英語語法,如果要復(fù)習(xí)英語句法的同學(xué),可以參考一下:

      一、初一英語語法——詞法

      1、名詞

      A)、名詞的數(shù)

      我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:

      一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

      二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

      三)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

      以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

      四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

      五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

      六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

      七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

      八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員

      九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

      十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

      十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs

      十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

      B)名詞的格

      當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下:

      一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

      二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是之s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

      三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí),如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

      初一英語語法總結(jié)--詞法

      (二)2、代詞

      項(xiàng)目:人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

      人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性

      第一人稱

      單數(shù) I me my mine myself

      復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves

      第二人稱

      單數(shù) you you your yours yourself

      復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves

      第三人稱

      單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself

      復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

      3、動(dòng)詞

      A)第三人稱單數(shù)

      當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下:

      一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

      二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes

      三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

      2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

      四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes

      五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has

      B)現(xiàn)在分詞

      當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:

      一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

      二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

      三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

      四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

      4、形容詞的級(jí)

      我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:

      一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest

      二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

      三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

      四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))

      good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst

      little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

      5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 初一英語語法總結(jié)--句式

      1.陳述句

      肯定陳述句

      a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)

      b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)

      c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

      d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

      e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))

      否定陳述句

      a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

      2.祈使句

      肯定祈使句

      a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

      c)Come in, please.否定祈使句

      a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

      1)一般疑問句

      a)Is Jim a student?

      (系動(dòng)詞is提前)

      b)Can I help you?

      (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can提前)

      c)Does she like salad?(第三人稱單數(shù)提問)(復(fù)數(shù)用Do,如d))d)Do they watch TV?(第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)問句,單數(shù)用Does,如c))因watch看時(shí)及物動(dòng)詞,提問只能加DO。

      e)Is she reading?她在讀書嗎?

      Yes,she is.肯定回答:

      a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答:

      a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句

      Is the table big or small?

      回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

      ① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.How old are you? I’m 14.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is president@xueersi.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?

      ⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

      ⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名

      What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.初一英語語法總結(jié)--時(shí)態(tài)

      1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它有:

      Be 動(dòng)詞:

      She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:

      I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞:

      They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

      表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.幫助復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn): 一.短語: .be from = come from 來自于----2. live in 居住在---3. on weekends 在周末 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信;寫信給某人 5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國(guó)

      6.pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目 7.the United States 美國(guó) the United Kingdom 英國(guó) New York 紐約 8.speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎 9.go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運(yùn)動(dòng) 二.重點(diǎn)句式: Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live?(他居住在哪兒)習(xí)慣性的。3 What language(s)does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China.5 I can speak English and a little French.6 Please write and tell me about yourself.7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.三.本單元的國(guó)家,人民、語言對(duì)應(yīng)。Canada----Canadian----English / French 2 France------French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian-----English 5 the United States------American----English 6 the United Kingdom---British-----Enghish

      Unit 2 Where’s the post office? 一. Asking ways:(問路)1. Where is(the nearest)……?(最近的)……在哪里?

      2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告訴我去……的路嗎? 3. How can I get to ……? 我怎樣到達(dá)……呢?

      4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……嗎? 5. Which is the way to ……? 哪條是去……的路? 二.Showing the ways:(指路)

      1.Go straight down / along this street.沿著這條街一直走。2.Turn left at the second turning.在第二個(gè)路口向左轉(zhuǎn)。3.You will find it on your right.你會(huì)在你右手邊發(fā)現(xiàn)它。

      4.It is about one hundred metres from here.離這里大約一百米遠(yuǎn)。

      5.You’d better take a bus.你最好坐公交車去。(You’d better+動(dòng)詞原形)三.詞組

      1.across from …… 在……的對(duì)面 across from the bank 在銀行的對(duì)面 2.next to…… 緊靠…… next to the supermarket 緊靠超市 3.between……and…… 在……和……之間

      between the park and the zoo 在公園和動(dòng)物園之間 among 表示位于三者或三者以上之間

      4.in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.課室前面有棵樹。

      in the front of…… 在……(內(nèi))的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.課室內(nèi)的前部有張桌子。

      5.behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面 6.turn left/ right 向左/右拐

      on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學(xué)校的左邊

      on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊 7.go straight 一直走

      8.down /along…… 沿著……(街道)down/along Center Street 沿著中央街 9.in the neighborhood=near here 在附近10 welcome to…… 歡迎來到…… 11.take /have a walk 散步

      12.the beginning of…… ……的開始,前端 at the beginning of…… 在……的開始,前端 in the beginning 起初,一開始

      13.have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心,過得愉快 我昨天玩得很開心。I had fun yesterday.I had a good time yesterday.I enjoyed myself yesterday.14.have a good trip 旅途愉快 15.take a taxi 坐出租車

      16.到達(dá):get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家 arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.reach +地方

      17.go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路 go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林 18.on + 街道的名稱。Eg: on Center Street at + 具體門牌號(hào)+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street 三.重難點(diǎn)解析

      1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣,喜愛做某事 I enjoy reading.我喜愛讀書。

      到目前為止,我們學(xué)了兩個(gè)特殊的動(dòng)詞finish和enjoy,都是要帶 doing.I finish cleaning the room.我掃完了這間屋子。

      2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam.我希望通過這次考試。hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine.我希望明天將會(huì)晴朗。

      (從句即是一個(gè)小句子,這個(gè)小句子又放在大句子中,從屬于大句子,所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個(gè)從句,它又放在I hope 的后面,形成句中有句。)

      3.if 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示假設(shè)的句子。

      If I have much money, I will go to the moon.如果我有許多錢,我就會(huì)去月球。If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.如果你餓了的話,你可以在超市買一些食物。四.本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對(duì)

      1new—old 2 quiet---busy 3 dirty---clean 4 big----small

      Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? 一.重點(diǎn)詞組

      eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night in the day every day during the day 二.交際用語

      1.Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.2.Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.3.Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.4.What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too.Why? Because they’re friendly and clever.5.Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.6.She’s very shy.7.He is from Australia.8.He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.10.Let’s see the pandas first.11.They’re kind of interesting.12.What other animals do you like? 13.Why do you want to see the lions?

      三.重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)釋義

      1、kind of 有點(diǎn),稍微

      Koala bears are kind of shy.考拉有點(diǎn)害羞。kind 還有“種類”的意思

      如:各種各樣的 all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.2、China n.中國(guó) Africa n.非洲

      China 和Africa都是專有名詞,首字母都應(yīng)該大寫,而且和介詞in連用。There are many kinds of tigers in China.There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.3、friendly adj.友好的,和藹可親的

      它是名詞friend的形容詞形式,常常和be動(dòng)詞連用, be friendly。The people in Chengdu are very friendly.4、with prep.跟,同,和…在一起 I usually play chess with my father.注意區(qū)別與and的用法,and通常用于連接主語或賓語,連接主語時(shí),如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后,如:

      My father and I usually play chess together.Play with “和…一起玩?!薄巴妗?I often play with my pet dog.Don’t play with water!

      5、day和night 是一對(duì)反義詞,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。通常說in the day, during the day, at night。

      Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.6、leaf n.葉子

      復(fù)數(shù)形式為:leaves, 類似的變化還有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves, knife—knives等。

      7、hour n.小時(shí);點(diǎn)鐘

      hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示“一個(gè)小時(shí)”,即:an hour。There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.8、be from 來自… be from = come from Pandas are from China.= Pandas come form China.9、meat n.(食用的)肉,為不可數(shù)名詞,表示“許多”時(shí),使用much來修 飾,即:much meat He eats much meat every day.10、grass n.草,為不可數(shù)名詞,表示“許多”時(shí),使用much來修飾,即:much grass。

      There is much grass on the playground.四.語法知識(shí)

      特殊疑問句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等開頭,對(duì)某一具體問題進(jìn)行提問。特殊疑問句的基本構(gòu)成有兩種情況:

      1.疑問句+一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)。這是最常見的情況。例如:

      What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爺爺?shù)碾娫捥?hào)碼是多少? Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個(gè)大眼睛的男孩是誰? Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)? When is he going to play the piano? 他什么時(shí)候彈鋼琴? Where does he live? 他住在哪兒? How are you? 你好嗎?

      How old are you? 你多大了?

      How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個(gè)兄弟姐妹? 2.疑問句+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)。這時(shí)疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如: Who is on duty today? 今天誰值日?

      Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老師?

      我們學(xué)過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他?也是特殊疑問句,它是一種省略結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

      I like English.What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢? What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎么樣?

      Unit 4 I want to be an actor.一.短語: want to do sth 想要作某事 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home 5 in the day 在白天 6 at night 在晚上 talk with/ to sb 和----談話 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.9 in a hospital 在醫(yī)院l 10 work/ study hard 努力工作 11 Evening Newspaper 晚報(bào) 二.重點(diǎn)句式及注意事項(xiàng): 詢問職業(yè)的特殊疑問詞是what;有三種主要句式 ① What + is / are + sb? ② What + does/ do + sb + do? ③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job? 2 People give me their money or get their money from me.3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.4 I like talking to people.5 I work late.I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.6 Where does your sister work? then we have a job for you as a waiter.8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends? 10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.三. 本單元中的名詞復(fù)數(shù)。policeman---policemen 2 woman doctor-----women doctors 3 thief-----thieves

      第四篇:初一英語語法總結(jié)

      初一英語語法雖然是從簡(jiǎn)單的一些日常用語出發(fā)的,但語法中常會(huì)有一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)看起來很細(xì)小,容易被忽視,但這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握不熟練,往往會(huì)造成一些語法應(yīng)用上的錯(cuò)誤。因此在學(xué)習(xí)初一英語語法時(shí),要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心,不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。下面從幾個(gè)方面,總結(jié)出了初一英語語法,如果要復(fù)習(xí)英語句法的同學(xué),可以參考一下,一、初一英語語法——詞法

      1、名詞

      A)、名詞的數(shù)(   )

                                                 

      一)直接接s 如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, 后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

      五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員

      九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

      十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名詞的格(      

      )

      當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成              如下:

      一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day婦女節(jié)

      由and連接兩個(gè)詞,如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

      2、代詞(  )

      人稱代詞      物主代詞       指示代詞

          反身代詞

      第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

      3、動(dòng)詞( )A)第三人稱單數(shù)

      當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)那樣加s,如下:一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys B)現(xiàn)在分詞      

      當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,                  ing 構(gòu)成如下:

      一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

      二、初一英語語法——句式

      1.陳述句( )肯定式( )

      a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定式( )

      b)a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句     肯定祈使句

      a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

      1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

      ① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、初一英語語法——時(shí)態(tài)

      1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它有:

      Be 動(dòng)詞:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any

      tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.4、形容詞的級(jí)

      我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:

      一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier

      friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

      5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

      第五篇:初一英語語法總結(jié)

      初一英語語法總結(jié)

      名詞

      A)、名詞的數(shù)

      我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:

      一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 1)baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, 三)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

      2)day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

      五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員

      action movie-action movies, pen 九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如:pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

      十一)單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

      B)名詞的格

      當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí),我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下: 一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

      三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí),如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí),只加最后一個(gè)’s,但分別擁

      Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間Mike’s 有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:(共住一間),and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

      代詞

      項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

      人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性 第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself

      it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs

      these those themselves

      動(dòng)詞

      A)第三人稱單數(shù)

      當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下: 一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has

      B)現(xiàn)在分詞

      當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí),動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:

      spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, 一)一般在后加ing。如:

      hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

      形容詞的級(jí)

      我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí),則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下:

      一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。greater-greatest, shorter 一)如:–shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest 二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

      5、數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

      二、句式

      1.陳述句

      肯定陳述句 a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)3

      e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句

      a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句

      肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

      c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

      1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

      ① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、時(shí)態(tài)

      1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

      定義:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+其他

      否定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+not+其他

      一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞置于句首

      2.一般過去時(shí)

      定義:過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生,也可以表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。一般過去時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,只說明過去。

      構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(was/were)+其他

      否定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(was/were)+not+其他

      一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞置于句首,并還原行為動(dòng)詞

      3.一般將來時(shí)

      定義:表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

      構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

      否定形式:主語+shall/will+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

      一般疑問句:把助動(dòng)詞shall/will放在句首

      4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

      定義:表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。可以表示有計(jì)劃的未來。構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

      否定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+not+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

      一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞置于句首

      5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

      定義:示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

      構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(was/were)+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

      否定形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞(was/were)+not+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式+其他

      一般疑問句:把was/were置于句首

      6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

      定義:表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響和后果;另外,還表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

      否定形式:主語+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

      一般疑問句:把have/has置于句首

      7.過去完成時(shí)

      定義:表示到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),概括地說是表示“過去的過去”。

      構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語+had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

      否定形式:主語+had+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他

      一般疑問句:把had置于句

      The pretty girl sings songs on the stage every Sunday.()(5)English drives me mad.6

      1主語就是發(fā)起動(dòng)作的人或物,由名詞,名詞性短語或代詞構(gòu)成 2謂語就是動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語

      3賓語就是承受動(dòng)作的人或物,由名詞,名詞性短語或代詞構(gòu)成 4定語就是修飾句中名詞的成分,可以是形容詞做定語,也可以是定語從句 5狀語就是修飾謂語動(dòng)詞的,例如說明動(dòng)作是說明時(shí)候發(fā)生的,就是時(shí)間狀語;動(dòng)作是怎樣發(fā)生的就是方式狀語,還有地點(diǎn)狀語等,由副詞構(gòu)成,以及9種狀語從句 6補(bǔ)語就是做補(bǔ)充說明成分的,補(bǔ)充說明主語的是主語補(bǔ)語,補(bǔ)充說明賓語的是賓語補(bǔ)語

      介詞

      表方位的有:at ,in, on, to(大多數(shù)情況是做不定式后街動(dòng)詞原形,作介詞時(shí),意思是到……地方去),for,above, over, on,below, under,in front of, in the front of,beside,behind 表示時(shí)間的有:in , on,at,in, after,from, since,after, behind 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的across, through

      表示“在……之間”的between兩者, among三者或三者以上 表示其他意義的on ,about 關(guān)于 by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 except不包括, besides(包括)除了

      介詞后面跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定跟ing形式,介詞后面也可以加名詞或從句

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