第一篇：英語(yǔ)摘要的寫(xiě)作重點(diǎn)

英文摘要

一．英文摘要的寫(xiě)作注意事項(xiàng)

1.一般不要對(duì)論文內(nèi)容作評(píng)論，尤其是自我評(píng)價(jià)。

2.結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)明，語(yǔ)義確切。摘要先寫(xiě)什么，后寫(xiě)什么，要按邏輯順序來(lái)安排。句子之間要上下連貫，互相呼應(yīng)。每句話要表意明白，無(wú)空泛、籠統(tǒng)、含混之詞。摘要不分段。

3.用第三人稱。建議采用“對(duì)···進(jìn)行了研究”，“報(bào)告了···現(xiàn)狀”，“進(jìn)行···調(diào)查”等記述方法表明文章的性質(zhì)和文章主題，建議使用“本文”，“作者”等作為主語(yǔ)。

二．要寫(xiě)好英文摘要，作者（考生）必須要回答好以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。

1.本文的目的或要解決的問(wèn)題

2.解決問(wèn)題的方法及過(guò)程

3.主要結(jié)果及結(jié)論，陳述文章的結(jié)論是應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)

三． 范文臨摹

Directions:

Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on Answer Sheet.冬季的體育鍛煉

盡管冬季寒冷，但是仍需進(jìn)行必要的體育鍛煉。寒冷的氣候條件下進(jìn)行體育鍛煉，一定要注意自我保健，否則，會(huì)適得其反，凍壞身體。冬季體育鍛煉項(xiàng)目主要有滑冰、滑雪、晨練、冬泳等，下面結(jié)合冬季氣候作介紹。

首先是著裝問(wèn)題。服裝的隔熱值必須與運(yùn)動(dòng)中增強(qiáng)的代謝產(chǎn)熱過(guò)程平衡。在冷天中多穿衣服，衣服在皮膚之外包住一層溫暖的空氣，使傳導(dǎo)散熱過(guò)程減弱。但在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，機(jī)體的產(chǎn)熱大大增加，如果穿得過(guò)多，反而有害，應(yīng)穿輕便的衣服。這樣在運(yùn)動(dòng)中產(chǎn)熱增加時(shí)，可以方便地脫掉。近年來(lái)服裝制造商在發(fā)展輕質(zhì)服裝方面不斷改進(jìn)，這樣可以保證良好的隔熱性，同時(shí)又保證了活動(dòng)的自由性。

在寒冷環(huán)境下運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，機(jī)體能量代謝增強(qiáng)，產(chǎn)熱增加，此時(shí)機(jī)體血管擴(kuò)展，大大降低了身體對(duì)寒冷的抵抗能力。因此，在運(yùn)動(dòng)間隙要特別注意保暖，及時(shí)加衣。寒冷環(huán)境中運(yùn)動(dòng)能量消耗大，代謝水平高，使身體內(nèi)的能源物資消耗增多，在代謝過(guò)程中還需要各種維生素的參與，如維生素B1、B2、B3、煙酸、維生素C等需求增加。

因此，對(duì)于從事滑冰、滑雪及在寒冷環(huán)境下鍛煉者的膳食，應(yīng)注意增加較多的熱量。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，冬季比春季從事同等強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng)熱量消耗高10℅左右。據(jù)測(cè)算，一個(gè)成年人兩小時(shí)的滑冰練習(xí)可增加消耗1000-1500千卡熱量。在三大物資的比例中，因脂肪具有產(chǎn)熱量多的特點(diǎn)，且增加脂肪有助于機(jī)體御寒，故應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加脂肪的供能比例，一般可占全部熱量的25℅-30℅；而蛋白質(zhì)也應(yīng)偏高，占12℅-18℅；其余由糖來(lái)供給。體育運(yùn)動(dòng)者按每天消耗3500卡熱量計(jì)算，蛋白質(zhì)約需130克，脂肪150克，糖約480克。相當(dāng)于每天應(yīng)攝入米飯或饅頭600克左右，雞肉100克，瘦豬肉200克，雞蛋兩個(gè)，牛奶兩杯，植物油50克等。冰雪項(xiàng)目鍛煉中，膳食中維生素也應(yīng)相應(yīng)增加，維生素C能增強(qiáng)人體對(duì)寒冷的適應(yīng)能力。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)，攝入大量維生素可明顯減少寒冷環(huán)境中的體溫下降幅度，緩解機(jī)體腎上腺的過(guò)度應(yīng)激反應(yīng)，增加機(jī)體耐寒能力。

冬泳是我國(guó)北方的一大特色，冬泳健身在理論上有其科學(xué)性，但冬泳畢竟是一項(xiàng)冒險(xiǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，必須掌握科學(xué)的方法。反之，就會(huì)影響身體健康，甚至誘發(fā)疾病。一是冬泳鍛煉應(yīng)從

秋季的冷水浴開(kāi)始，逐漸提高對(duì)寒冷的適應(yīng)能力；冬泳期間應(yīng)加強(qiáng)高能力飲食的補(bǔ)充，冬泳前不要喝酒；對(duì)于心、肝、腎有嚴(yán)重疾病的人或腦血管病、潰瘍、關(guān)節(jié)炎患者，以及婦女在月經(jīng)期均不宜冬泳。

冬季有晨練習(xí)慣的人，遇大霧天，最好在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行，一是霧天能見(jiàn)度低，容易發(fā)生交通事故；二是冬霧中含有對(duì)人體有害的酸和胺等污染物，吸入人體易引起氣管炎、喉炎、結(jié)膜炎和一些過(guò)敏性疾病。另外，冬季晨練應(yīng)盡量用鼻呼吸，鼻道能對(duì)人的冷空氣預(yù)熱，鼻粘膜能阻止吸入空氣中的灰塵。對(duì)于嚴(yán)重的疾病患者，冬天的耐寒鍛煉更應(yīng)適度。鍛煉時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)病情變化適當(dāng)減少或增加幅度，以防舊病復(fù)發(fā)。注意循序漸進(jìn)，掌握體育鍛煉與藥物治療相結(jié)合的原則。在天氣過(guò)于寒冷時(shí)，最好不要外出鍛煉。

Physical Exercises in Winter

In this essay, the author gives some tips for self-health care in winter exercises.Firstly, special attention should be given to clothing during winter exercises.Meanwhile, it is important to keep warm during breaks, for strenuous exercises make our blood vessels expand and thus reduce our cold resistance.Secondly, more fat, protein, sugar and vitamins should be added in daily diet to meet the need of 10% higher energy consumption.Thirdly, if you want to go winter swimming, scientific instructions should also be followed.High-energy diet and cold shower in autumn are necessary for winter swimmer.At last, as for those who are fond of morning exercises in winter, the author suggests indoor exercises when there is heavy fog outside.

第二篇：英語(yǔ)摘要寫(xiě)作

英語(yǔ)摘要寫(xiě)作應(yīng)試要點(diǎn)

寫(xiě)文章摘要，最忌諱逐字逐句地翻譯漢語(yǔ)原文中的一些句子。不幸的是，許多考生往往這么做，尤其喜歡翻譯第一句，這是因?yàn)樗麄儾坏脤?xiě)文章摘要的要領(lǐng)。在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作水平還沒(méi)有到達(dá)高級(jí)程度的情況下，死譯的結(jié)果就是寫(xiě)出來(lái)的東西錯(cuò)誤百出，讓人不忍卒讀。由于時(shí)間和英語(yǔ)水平的限制，許多考生翻譯的句子往往是東一句西一句，寫(xiě)出來(lái)的摘要沒(méi)有邏輯，雜亂無(wú)章，成績(jī)自然不會(huì)好。寫(xiě)好摘要的要點(diǎn)是：

總結(jié)出原文的中心思想。拿到原文，不要馬上動(dòng)筆，要用5――10分鐘對(duì)原文進(jìn)行再加工。這點(diǎn)非常重要，考生千萬(wàn)要記住。首先，看看闡述的是什么事物或事情，也就是文章的主題?？纯词钦f(shuō)明或描寫(xiě)事物的客觀性質(zhì)、作用、特征、前因后果、過(guò)程、意義、及方法，還是表明對(duì)事物的主觀看法與態(tài)度。這樣，找出作者的主要觀點(diǎn)或論點(diǎn)。其次，看看作者是如何表達(dá)他的中心思想的，是描述、說(shuō)明、比較、例證、定義、還是分類(lèi)，并找出主要的論點(diǎn)。這里特別要注意的是，由于中文寫(xiě)作的散點(diǎn)思維的特點(diǎn)或者作者的思維素質(zhì)，醫(yī)學(xué)博士生英語(yǔ)入學(xué)考試所節(jié)選的中文文章，往往顯得內(nèi)容雜亂、觀點(diǎn)不明，條理不清，很難總結(jié)。但無(wú)論如何，考生必須總結(jié)出一個(gè)條理大致清楚的、有若干主要論點(diǎn)支持的中心思想來(lái)。再加工是關(guān)鍵。在總結(jié)的過(guò)程中，考生可以將原文中的帶有結(jié)論性的重要句子用筆劃出來(lái)，幫助自己整理思想。近年來(lái)寫(xiě)作考試反映出來(lái)的考生的一個(gè)最大問(wèn)題是，寫(xiě)出來(lái)的東西雜亂無(wú)章，東一句西一句，大大影響了考生作文的得分。記住，一定要使你寫(xiě)出來(lái)的摘要有一個(gè)明確中心思想，語(yǔ)句要連貫，有邏輯。

最好寫(xiě)出一個(gè)粗略的非常簡(jiǎn)單的漢語(yǔ)提綱和中心思想，形式不拘。漢語(yǔ)提綱和中心思想必須簡(jiǎn)單。語(yǔ)言和思想都要簡(jiǎn)單，否則考生無(wú)法用簡(jiǎn)單的規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)?？梢哉f(shuō)，總結(jié)再加工就是簡(jiǎn)化?？忌獣r(shí)刻想象，你的短文的讀者是小學(xué)三年級(jí)的學(xué)生，你寫(xiě)出的東西要讓他們明白。做到這一點(diǎn)，考生要擺脫原文語(yǔ)句的影響和束縛，因?yàn)槟鞘菫槌赡耆丝吹摹?/p>

漢語(yǔ)提綱和中心思想必須要有足夠的概括性和總結(jié)性。概括性和總結(jié)性的語(yǔ)句往往是原文中沒(méi)有的，需要考生自己寫(xiě)出來(lái)。許多考生往往受原文語(yǔ)句的影響和束縛，愛(ài)用原文中的一些語(yǔ)句，這樣寫(xiě)出來(lái)的話缺乏概括性和總結(jié)性，影響了摘要的質(zhì)量。

說(shuō)你會(huì)說(shuō)的。同一篇文章，不同人有不同的概括和總結(jié)；同一個(gè)意念，不同人有不同的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。所以，文摘寫(xiě)作是允許有合理的個(gè)人再加工的差異的?？忌谶x擇表達(dá)的語(yǔ)句時(shí)，要考慮自己的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力。也就是說(shuō)，考生要盡量展示自己會(huì)的東西，盡量用有把握的表達(dá)方式表達(dá)原文的意思，或者說(shuō)，盡量把原文的意思往自己掌握的句型上靠。

在以后的實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)部分，將用例證說(shuō)明如何寫(xiě)出粗略的非常簡(jiǎn)單的漢語(yǔ)提綱和中心思想。

考生在進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作時(shí)，往往是先用漢語(yǔ)思維，再經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)翻譯轉(zhuǎn)換的過(guò)程，表達(dá)成英語(yǔ)的。這樣寫(xiě)出的英語(yǔ)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地會(huì)受到漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句的表達(dá)方式的影響。面對(duì)一篇漢語(yǔ)原文時(shí)，情況就更是如此了。中國(guó)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中出現(xiàn)的種種毛病，根源就在此。

然而，英語(yǔ)思維的能力，或者說(shuō)習(xí)慣，決不是一年半載能夠培養(yǎng)出來(lái)的。那么，考生首先要做到的是，有意識(shí)地盡量克服漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句對(duì)自己英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句寫(xiě)作的束縛和不良影響。頭腦中出現(xiàn)的要寫(xiě)成英語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句，不能基本上字對(duì)字地直接轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)句。要找一個(gè)規(guī)范的符合英語(yǔ)思維表達(dá)習(xí)慣的英語(yǔ)句型，來(lái)表達(dá)大體相當(dāng)?shù)囊馑?。字面上不要相等，但只要意思或者說(shuō)意念大體相同就行了。這是一個(gè)從漢語(yǔ)思維到英語(yǔ)思維的過(guò)渡階段，這種過(guò)渡能力就是我們考生應(yīng)該慢慢培養(yǎng)的能力和習(xí)慣。有了這種能力和習(xí)慣，考生寫(xiě)出的英語(yǔ)才能象英語(yǔ)，才基本規(guī)范。

考生怎樣才能培養(yǎng)和運(yùn)用這種過(guò)渡能力呢？

就目前考生的水平而言，我們提出一條很實(shí)用很奏效的建議，希望考生牢記心中，尤其是在開(kāi)始階段以及考試的時(shí)候，那就是，寫(xiě)你會(huì)寫(xiě)的，不要寫(xiě)你想寫(xiě)的。這一點(diǎn)前面提到過(guò)，這里再詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。

出現(xiàn)在考生頭腦中的，首先是具有成人特點(diǎn)的地道的漢語(yǔ)思維的語(yǔ)句，把這種語(yǔ)句直接寫(xiě)成英語(yǔ)，難度很大，結(jié)果往往弄巧成拙、適得其反、出力不討好。我們需要把具有成人思維特點(diǎn)的地道的漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)句轉(zhuǎn)換成具有兒童思維特點(diǎn)的簡(jiǎn)單的漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句，再轉(zhuǎn)換成我們能夠掌握和表達(dá)的規(guī)范的簡(jiǎn)單英語(yǔ)，這樣就容易多了。

具體到醫(yī)學(xué)博士生英語(yǔ)入學(xué)考試的摘要寫(xiě)作，要做到“寫(xiě)你會(huì)寫(xiě)的，不要寫(xiě)你想寫(xiě)的”，有兩個(gè)技巧。一是規(guī)避，二是變通。下面舉例說(shuō)明規(guī)避。

規(guī)避不僅僅是因?yàn)橐馑技罢Z(yǔ)句復(fù)雜，難以用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，而且因?yàn)槠湟馑技罢Z(yǔ)句不屬于主要論點(diǎn)，避而不談之后，對(duì)中心思想的完整性影響不大。例如：

在97年的考題中，“碳水化合物是最主要也是最經(jīng)濟(jì)的功能營(yíng)養(yǎng)素。1克碳水化合物能提供的熱量為16.7千焦。蛋白質(zhì)的供熱量雖與碳水化合物相同，但價(jià)格較貴。1克脂肪能提供的熱量為37.7千焦，但食物易產(chǎn)生飽膩感，無(wú)法攝入過(guò)多?！?，“但是在碳水化合物提供熱量不足的情況下，蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪將首先被消耗以提供熱量，不能發(fā)揮它們?cè)械墓δ?，從而?dǎo)致肌體生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育遲滯。嚴(yán)重者可引起營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良，表現(xiàn)為體重不增、食欲不振、各器官功能低下、容易反復(fù)感染等?！?，“以3歲小兒為例，每日應(yīng)得到的總熱量為5.86兆焦，其中碳水化合物提供的熱量應(yīng)為3.5兆焦，約需碳水化合物210克，折合大米約280克?！?，這些句子都可以避而不寫(xiě)。

又如，在04年的考題中，“民營(yíng)醫(yī)院的出現(xiàn)讓人想起十幾年前人們對(duì)超市的概念認(rèn)識(shí)也是比較模糊的。即使總認(rèn)為里面裝修豪華、高檔，但因貨物很貴而不愿意進(jìn)門(mén)。而今超市大大普及了，人們紛紛進(jìn)入購(gòu)物，因?yàn)槲镉兴?。民營(yíng)醫(yī)院或許正有類(lèi)似的經(jīng)歷，它也將有一個(gè)自然成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。而2002年我國(guó)政府又提出了在衛(wèi)生資源相對(duì)過(guò)剩的地方，鼓勵(lì)投資者通過(guò)收購(gòu)、重組現(xiàn)有公立醫(yī)院的方式舉辦贏利性醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)和民辦非贏利性醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)，提出了社會(huì)資本投資著重于目前服務(wù)能力較欠缺的老年慢性病護(hù)理、康復(fù)、嬰幼兒保健等領(lǐng)域”，“不同于民營(yíng)醫(yī)院的是，醫(yī)藥費(fèi)還可以報(bào)銷(xiāo)?！保@些大段的話都可以基本不去考慮怎么用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。

有時(shí)原文的語(yǔ)句很重要，不能規(guī)避，但用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)又有困難，這時(shí)可以考慮部分規(guī)避，也就是簡(jiǎn)化。如在04年的考題中，“隨著社會(huì)觀念的變化和政策環(huán)境的改善，民營(yíng)醫(yī)院必能與公立醫(yī)院相輔相成，互爭(zhēng)高低，成為醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生界一道獨(dú)特的風(fēng)景，從而為人民群眾提供更多更好的醫(yī)療服務(wù)。”是一句重要的結(jié)論性的句子，最好用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)。那么可以簡(jiǎn)化為“隨著社會(huì)觀念的變化和政策的改善，民營(yíng)醫(yī)院必能與公立醫(yī)院一道為人民提供更好的醫(yī)療服務(wù)?！边€有，“為了留住病人，公立醫(yī)院開(kāi)始實(shí)施全方位的改革措施，不僅在管理體制上、人事制度上進(jìn)行改革，而且更多的是紛紛打起了技術(shù)、服務(wù)、環(huán)境、價(jià)格牌?！币部梢院?jiǎn)化為“為了留住病人，公立醫(yī)院在管理上開(kāi)始實(shí)施全面改革”。

在摘要寫(xiě)作的考試中，規(guī)避是比較容易掌握的技巧，但規(guī)避得恰到好處還需要有意識(shí)的注意，考生可以通過(guò)實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)提供的參考摘要細(xì)心揣摩。

一個(gè)意念功能，可以用幾種大體相當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言方式表達(dá)出來(lái)，這是語(yǔ)言能力熟練的表現(xiàn)和結(jié)果。英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生，都經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的這方面的訓(xùn)練，才達(dá)到熟練的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力。這種訓(xùn)練叫paraphrase。Paraphrase的能力，就是變通的能力。非英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生，往往沒(méi)有這種訓(xùn)練，也就很難用多種不同形式來(lái)表達(dá)同一種意念。但他們?cè)谂囵B(yǎng)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力的過(guò)程中，要有意識(shí)地注意練習(xí)和培養(yǎng)這種能力。

一個(gè)重要的意念，我們不能規(guī)避，但它的漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)形式讓我們感到用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)不出來(lái)，或者感到硬用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)，結(jié)果多半是錯(cuò)的。這時(shí)，我們就需要運(yùn)用變通的技巧，或者說(shuō)能力。變通就是將漢語(yǔ)的意念，用我們能夠掌握的英語(yǔ)形式大體相當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)出來(lái)。變通的原則是把不會(huì)的變成會(huì)的，把復(fù)雜的變成簡(jiǎn)單的。這和上面說(shuō)講的“寫(xiě)你會(huì)寫(xiě)的，不要寫(xiě)你想寫(xiě)的”原則是一致的。后面課文中的句型講解與練習(xí)，有大量的變通的實(shí)例，尤其是斜體標(biāo)明的句子，考生們可以自己體會(huì)。

變通有詞與詞組層面上的和句子層面上的兩種，下面再舉例說(shuō)明。

雌激素（estrogen）可以用female hormone來(lái)表示，沖動(dòng)（impulse）可以用sudden excitement來(lái)表示，悲?。╰ragedy）可以用sad result來(lái)代替，誘發(fā)（induce）可以lead to或result in來(lái)代替，慢跑（jog）可以用slow running 來(lái)表示。“打技術(shù)、管理牌”肯定不能說(shuō)成“play technological and management cards”，可以根據(jù)不同上下文，變通成“改善技術(shù)、管理”（improve technology and management）或者“利用技術(shù)、管理”（make use of technology and management）。

要表達(dá)“鄉(xiāng)村一級(jí)衛(wèi)生院醫(yī)療質(zhì)量無(wú)法保證?！?，如果有考生覺(jué)得“質(zhì)量無(wú)法保證”不好說(shuō)，一下子又想不起來(lái)“保證”如何拼寫(xiě)，最好變通一下，說(shuō)一個(gè)大概類(lèi)似的意念就行了：“鄉(xiāng)村一級(jí)衛(wèi)生院醫(yī)療質(zhì)量通常不好。”或者“你無(wú)法有好的醫(yī)療質(zhì)量在鄉(xiāng)村一級(jí)衛(wèi)生院?！弊兺ǔ晌覀兪煜さ男问街?，表達(dá)起來(lái)成功的把握就大多了：You can not have good medical services in village clinics.，或者The quality of medical services in village clinics is usually poor.另外，同一種意念有多種表達(dá)方式時(shí)，我們的選擇要注意使得文章中的句式有變化，或者是我們最有把握的那一種。如果原句為“洋醫(yī)院的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于，病人能得到醫(yī)務(wù)人員的尊重和周到的服務(wù)?！?，可以表達(dá)的句式有“The advantage of foreign-invested hospitals is that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（表語(yǔ)從句），“It is to the advantage of foreign-invested hospitals that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（主語(yǔ)從句），“It is a great advantage of foreign-invested hospitals that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（主語(yǔ)從句），以及“Foreign-invested hospitals have an advantage that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（同位語(yǔ)從句），“Foreign-invested hospitals have an advantage, because a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（原因狀語(yǔ)從句）?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)自己的具體情況來(lái)選擇。再例如，“忽視人的心理社會(huì)背景，影響了醫(yī)療服務(wù)的質(zhì)

量?！笨梢杂幸韵卤磉_(dá)：“If a doctor overlooks the social and mental background of his patient, his medical service can be weakened.”（條件關(guān)系、忽視），“Ignorance of the social and mental background of a patient can have a negative effect on the outcome of the medical service.”（忽視、影響），“Neglect of the social and mental background of a patient can harm the medical service.”（忽視、有害），“When a doctor does not pay attention to the social and mental background of a patient, he can not provide good medical services.”（注意、提供），以及“Ignorance of the social and mental background of a patient can result in poorer outcome of the medical service.”（忽視、因果關(guān)系）?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)自己所掌握的句型的熟練程度或上下文，在心中作出選擇。

變通是一種必需的、有效的寫(xiě)作策略，考生在后面的句型講解和練習(xí)中可以看到更多的運(yùn)用。隨著英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力的提高，變通的能力和技巧也會(huì)日益熟練，寫(xiě)作不再是一件讓人頭痛的苦差事。

第三篇：2003考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作重點(diǎn)

2014考研英語(yǔ)：11月，如何高效備考寫(xiě)作 2013-11-05 09:50

時(shí)至11月，考研隨之也進(jìn)入倒計(jì)時(shí)，作文，作為考研英語(yǔ)中占據(jù)30%分值的部分，絕對(duì)不容忽視。關(guān)于寫(xiě)作部分今年的大綱沒(méi)有任何改動(dòng)，雖然年年歲歲 題相似，但是歲歲年年愁煞人，對(duì)于廣大考生來(lái)說(shuō)，是最沒(méi)有把握的部分。要想應(yīng)對(duì)寫(xiě)作，光有好的英文基礎(chǔ)還是不夠的，要想拿高分，必須了解考試的目的，考試 評(píng)分要點(diǎn)，有的放矢的準(zhǔn)備。一篇好作文應(yīng)該是緊扣文章主題，遵循特定的文體格式，選用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言合理組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)，內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一、連貫，語(yǔ)法、拼寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，用詞恰當(dāng)。在考 研英語(yǔ)作文評(píng)分中，語(yǔ)言第一位，結(jié)構(gòu)第二位，內(nèi)容第三位。所以最重要的是無(wú)錯(cuò)誤的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，邏輯詞的運(yùn)用。一定要記住，閱卷老師閱卷時(shí)間極其有限，其評(píng)分 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要是錯(cuò)誤量和語(yǔ)言的變化。這二者是高分的重要條件。英語(yǔ)是講究變化的。這種變化不光是詞匯還包括句型。請(qǐng)盡可能的回避掉那些被閱卷老師看得直想吐的 陳詞濫句，比如，“I think”, “very important”之流。但是各位考生也千萬(wàn)不要為了追求詞語(yǔ)的華麗而堆積一些自己也沒(méi)把握的單詞，不要刻意追求長(zhǎng)句而寫(xiě)一些自己不知對(duì)錯(cuò)的有多個(gè)從句組成的長(zhǎng)句，不要 因?yàn)榇罅刻子煤芏嚯y詞難句而走進(jìn)寫(xiě)的越多，錯(cuò)誤越多，錯(cuò)誤越多，分?jǐn)?shù)越低的誤區(qū)，詞句的高級(jí)，語(yǔ)言的漂亮都應(yīng)該是建立在表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確的前提之下，不然還不如使 用簡(jiǎn)單但是正確的語(yǔ)言的得分高。所以，這是一個(gè)需要取舍的問(wèn)題。所以不同的考生應(yīng)根據(jù)自身的情況量力而行，要清楚知道你的能力極限是什么，那些難詞難句是 否超出你的能力范圍，適合自己的才是最好的。

最后為了降低錯(cuò)誤率，寫(xiě)完之后，請(qǐng)務(wù)必檢查一遍。英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作時(shí)考生由于倉(cāng)促，緊張等原因，很容易犯一些簡(jiǎn)單的，一眼就能發(fā)現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。檢查不檢查最 少有兩分之差，看看拼寫(xiě)是否有誤，主謂是否一致，單復(fù)數(shù)有無(wú)問(wèn)題，時(shí)態(tài)正確與否。所以海文考研希望考生一定要留出幾分鐘時(shí)間用于修改。不要大幅度進(jìn)行修 改，更不要因?yàn)樾薷钠茐木砻嬲麧崳砻嬲麧嵱肋h(yuǎn)比你想象的要重要的多。這直接影響閱卷人的第一主觀判斷。

語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用能力不可能一蹴而就，必須經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的實(shí)踐鍛煉，才能厚積薄發(fā)。

第四篇：英語(yǔ)3寫(xiě)作次重點(diǎn)

開(kāi)放英語(yǔ)３寫(xiě)作

一、1.日?；顒?dòng)2.主要工作（職業(yè)活動(dòng)）3.社交生活

Dear Bob, I’ll tell you something above my daily life in this email and hope you will find it interesting.I usually get up early and go to work at 8 o’clock.I have lunch in the office.And I come back home at six.As a secretary, I deal with phone calls, emails and faxes during work hours.I also do the paper work for the manager.After work, I like to do shopping with friends or watch TV at home.Sometimes, I also like to chat on the Internet.Best regards, Michelle 二.1童年的夢(mèng)想2.目前的情況3.對(duì)未來(lái)的希望

Dear Jennifer, Thank you for telling me about yourself.I’d like to let you know more about me too.As a child, I wanted to be a detective.I thought a detective was really great because he could solve criminal cases to do justice.But my dream never came true.I’m now a librarian, dealing with books every day.The work is nothing thrilling, but I like it.Since there are more and more electronic materials, I hope that we will have an e-library built soon.Looking forward to hearing from you again.Best wishes, Ian 三.1.事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)2.人物3.事件的經(jīng)過(guò)

One day last week, a girl parked her car outside a fashion house.As soon as she was inside, two men opened the car door, started the engine and drove away in just one minute.When the girl recovered from the shock, she called 110.Luckily, there was a police patrol car nearby.So the girl got in the police car and they drove in the direction where the thieves escaped.Twenty minutes later, they found the car waiting at a busy crossroad for the traffic lights to turn green.Needless to say, the car thieves were caught red-handed.Part II.Use of English 四.1.自主(autonomous)學(xué)習(xí)與遠(yuǎn)程教育2.自主學(xué)習(xí)與合作(collaborative)學(xué)習(xí)3.你自己的學(xué)習(xí)情況 Autonomous learning is an important learning style in distance education.It is an essential skill for distance learners because they study alone most of the time.They do not meet their tutors or classmates very often.However, distance learners can learn a lot from each other.So autonomous learning and collaborative learning go hand.I am a distance learner.I have to do most learning tasks by myself.Meanwhile we have group activities every two weeks to complete some learning tasks or share experiences.I have found both forms of learning very helpful.五.1.有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為：城市生活比鄉(xiāng)村生活好2.你對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn)的看法3.你的結(jié)論

Some people believe that country life is better than country life.I don’t agree with this.Town life can be convenient to us in many aspects.For example, you can move around easily, shopping can be more fun in a big shopping mall and you can enjoy a more colorful nightlife.But there are also many disadvantages.It is much nosier than in the country.Air pollution is more serious.It is not easy to park your car.It costs more to live in town.To name but a few is enough.Therefore, I prefer country life.六1.保持身體健康的重要性2.保持身體健康的方法3.重申保持身體健康的意義

Nowadays, more and more people know the importance of keeping healthy.Without a healthy body, we can do nothing.For me, there are three main ways to keep healthy.First, it is necessary to keep a balanced diet, which is the basis of good health.It is better for us to have more fruit and vegetables everyday.Secondly, it is important to take regular exercises, such as swimming, jogging and so on.Last but not least, it is essential to keep in a good mood.Relaxation and entertainment are ways to renew our spirits and release our stress.When we make healthy habits a part of our everyday life, we are bound to keep healthy.七、1.哪一種是你最喜歡的交通方式2.闡述你的理由3.作出結(jié)論 In a modern city, there are many means of transportation, such as subway, taxi, bus and so on.But my favorite means of transportation is by bike.First, riding a bike is good for keeping healthy.I spend one hour riding a bike to my office on my working day, and I think it is a good form of physical exercise.Secondly, it is money-saving.Recently, the private car drivers always complain the price of gas is higher and higher, but if you ride a bike, it will cost you nothing.Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment, so it is a “green ”form of transportation.Therefore, although it has some disadvantages, I like riding a bike best.八、1.描述你家的位置2.各個(gè)房間的功能3.表達(dá)你對(duì)你們家居條件的態(tài)度 My home is a newly-built house in the north of the city.We have three rooms in addition to the kitchen and bathroom.The first room is the main room or living room.It is for having meals, relaxing, reading, watching television and so on.It is the busiest room in the house.The second room is my daughter’s bedroom.She sleeps and dresses there.The third room belongs to my wife and me.It seems quite spacious because we have little furniture.We sleep, prepare lessons and generally relax there.I think my home is cozy and I like my home.十.寫(xiě)投訴信（1）假設(shè)你是A.Banister, 你對(duì)正在你家進(jìn)行的裝修工程感到不滿意，你向經(jīng)理Mr Townsend 寫(xiě)一封70-80詞的投訴信，將你的問(wèn)題和所作的決定告訴他。（2）假設(shè)你是游客Mary Brown, 你曾于元月14，15日住在Hotel Royal，你對(duì)那里的住宿感到不滿意，你向經(jīng)理（不知姓名和性別）寫(xiě)一封70-80詞的投訴信，將你遇到的問(wèn)題和希望得到的解決方法告訴他。3．該題的具體要求:內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):（1）你遇到的問(wèn)題；（2）你的決定或希望得到解決的方法。Dear Mr Townsend, I am writing to you to complain about the work on my house.I am not pleased with the work you have done.The chimney is not satisfactory, and I am unhappy about the path.I am also concerned about the roof.The quality of the work is not good enough in my opinion.I am also appalled by the mess in the garden.Generally I am very dissatisfied with the work.I am therefore withholding payment until you put it right.Yours sincerely, A.Bannister Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to you to complain about my stay at Hotel Royal.I stayed there on the 14th and 15th January.I was dissatisfied with the shower.It was too cold.I was unhappy with the room.It was very dirty.Also I was surprised by the restaurant.It closed very early.I would like the hotel to refund me some of the money I paid.Yours faithfully, Mary Brown 十四．寫(xiě)提出忠告的電子郵件..假設(shè)你是Jim，你給一位健康狀況欠佳的朋友Pat寫(xiě)一封120詞左右的電子郵件，以自己的情況向她提出堅(jiān)持鍛煉的忠告。4．該題的具體要求.內(nèi)容要點(diǎn).（1）你朋友的問(wèn)題及你的簡(jiǎn)況；（2）你向朋友提出的忠告。Dear Pat, Last time I saw you, you didn’t look too good.I felt just the same a few months ago, and so I started going to the gym, and I’m also on a diet and now I’m feeling really good.I hope you don’t mind if I give you some advice.You should go to the gym and get a personal trainer.You shouldn’t take the lift when you go upstairs and you shouldn’t take the bus to work.You should walk through the park.Always have fruit for breakfast and never eat too much fat.I am sure that if you stuck to this routine for a month, you would see the difference, and if you gave up smoking too, you would feel fantastic.Anyway, let me know how you get on.Good Luck!Jim 18．寫(xiě)一篇80詞左右的短文，介紹中國(guó)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，給即將到中國(guó)訪問(wèn)的外國(guó)朋友提建議。該題的具體要求：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：主要的文化差異及風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。In China, when you meet someone for the first time you shake hands and say, “ni hao?” meaning “How do you do?” The reply to it is another “ni hao?” If you are invited to someone’s house for dinner, it is usual to take a present – some toys for the children, or flowers, wine, tea, etc.for the host or hostess.But don’t give the presents at the door and don’t expect the hosts and hostesses to open the gifts.We only open the gifts until after the guest leaves.You don’t need to telephone the next day to thank the host, unless you want to.Chinese people tend to talk about personal things, and talk about a person’s age, so don’t feel offended about that.Good topics for small talk are children’s education, food, sports, health, holiday, weekend activities and so on.19、寫(xiě)一篇短文，描述你所認(rèn)識(shí)的一位朋友。字?jǐn)?shù)約為80詞。該題的具體要求：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：（1）人物的姓名，關(guān)系（name and relationship）。（2）描述外貌，性格（describe his/her appearance and character）。（3）描述行為（describe something that happened to him/her.）I’m going to write about my mother, Yang Meishun, who I like very much.My mother is medium height.I look up to her because she’s gifted in many ways and I learned a lot from her, such as cooking, knitting and handiwork.She likes cooking, walking and reading, and she doesn’t like singing KTV.She is warm, good-natured and outgoing.I remember once one of my friends wanted to learn embroidery, and my mother taught her patiently.She always invites my friends to come to our house.We get on very well.I like my mother very much.20、寫(xiě)一篇80詞左右的短文描述你就讀的學(xué)校的情況。該題的具體要求：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：描述你過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在就讀的學(xué)校的情況。On-the-job training and life-long learning is very popular now.Many people attend courses after work in order to improve themselves with more advanced knowledge and skills.I am one of them.I work as an accountant, and therefore I study at Shenzhen TVU, majoring in accountancy.I think the courses are specially designed to help us to pass the national examination for the professional title in accounting.We study part-time, attending the tutorials in the evening or at the weekend two or three times a week.Most of the time, we study at home, reading books or the Internet resources.By the end of each term, we take final examinations.If we pass all of the exams, we will gain enough credits and then get diplomas and degrees.21．假設(shè)你是吳華，想去北京21st Century 報(bào)社應(yīng)聘，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面表格寫(xiě)一封80-90詞左右的應(yīng)聘信。姓名吳華職業(yè)記者工齡11年出生年月1965年7月6日出生地中國(guó)吉林長(zhǎng)春外語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)有何特長(zhǎng)會(huì)使用計(jì)算機(jī) 個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷1990年北京大學(xué)新聞系畢業(yè) 1990年至1996年12月在深圳日?qǐng)?bào)社工作 1997年至1998年在英國(guó)BBC學(xué)習(xí)一年 1999年回報(bào)社新聞編輯部，任主任至今 Dear Sirs, My name is Wang Hua.I have been a journalist for eleven years.I’m writing to apply for the post of journalist you advertised for in the 21st Century.I was born in Changchun of Jilin Province on July 6th, 1965.I graduated from Journalism Department of Peking University in 1990.And then I worked in Shenzhen Daily From 1990 to December of 1996.I also studied in BBC in England for one year from 1997 to 1998.After that, I came back to Shenzhen daily in 1999 and have been the director of the news editorial department since then.Since I have such experience and I am good at computer and acquainted with three foreign languages including English, Japanese and German, I think I have the qualities to fit the job.Please give me an opportunity of personal interview on your most convenient date.I should be grateful if you could kindly give me an early reply.Yours sincerely, Wang Hua

23、假設(shè)你是一位顧客, 在一家商店買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)彩色電視機(jī)?；丶液蟀l(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有圖象，經(jīng)過(guò)與商場(chǎng)營(yíng)業(yè)員交涉，沒(méi)有得到滿意解決，你向商場(chǎng)經(jīng)理Mr Gao寫(xiě)一封70 – 90詞的投訴信，將你的問(wèn)題和希望得到的解決方法告訴他。Dear Mr Gao, As a customer, I am writing to you to complain about the colour TV set that I bought from you market.When I brought it back home, I found it had no picture.Although I talked about this problem with the salesman, but I didn’t get a satisfactory solution.So I have to write to you.You must check it and put it right or exchange another one for me.Otherwise you should refund me the money I paid.I look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerely, Mary Brown 24.你同學(xué)建華在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)，你們經(jīng)常用英文通信。他即將完成學(xué)業(yè)，不久前來(lái)信說(shuō)將回國(guó)工作。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列提示回信：詞數(shù) 80左右； Dear Jianhua, I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.I’m very glad to know that you have finished your studies abroad.And what you are studying is well needed nowadays in China.It will be quite easy for you to find a good job.I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you.I’m working for the computer company now, and I must work from nine clock to five.If you are free, please come to visit me.I am looking forward to your letter.Best wishes, Minghua 25.根據(jù)下面的中文提示，寫(xiě)一封電子郵件給你以前的一位同學(xué)，字?jǐn)?shù)要求不少于80)： 1.了解對(duì)方最近的學(xué)習(xí)情況。2.你的學(xué)習(xí)情況。3.請(qǐng)對(duì)方說(shuō)說(shuō)提高英語(yǔ)水平的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Dear Jane, How are you getting on with your study these days? Do you enjoy your study? Now we are studying politics, economics, maths, English, writing and so on.I find politics and maths interesting and easy to handle, while English is still my headache.The worse thing is: I have to take an English exam in the coming month.I am quite anxious about it.You are always good at English, I know.Can you tell me how to improve my English? I’ll really appreciate your help.Looking forward to your reply.Yours, Jack 8.My favorite means of transportation.（我最喜歡的交通方式）

In a modern city, there are many means of transportation, such as subway, taxi, bus and so on.But my favorite means of transportation is by bike.First, riding a bike is good for keeping healthy.I spend one hour riding a bike to my office on my working day, and I think it is a good form of physical exercise.Secondly, it is money-saving.Recently, the private car drivers always complain the price of gas is higher and higher, but if you ride a bike, it will cost you nothing.Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment, so it is a “green ”form of transportation.Therefore, although it has some disadvantages, I like riding a bike best.l.了解對(duì)方畢業(yè)后的情況2.你的近況。3.遨請(qǐng)對(duì)方方便時(shí)來(lái)訪。

Dear li fang: It has been five years since we separated after graduation from college.After I have leaned by chance that you live in the same city with me, I am so excited about the fact that we are so near but never get any chance for a meeting.Five years is long enough to bring about many changes to us.I work in a trading company and met my husband there who is the vice manager of the same department I work.We just got married last year and we will have a baby in three months.I am very happy with my present life.I am so eager to know more about you.So would you contact me for a meeting as soon as you read my email? You can reach me any time at 33335555 Yours!Yang li l.告訴對(duì)方你最近將出去旅游。

2.了解對(duì)方所在地的旅游景點(diǎn)。3.請(qǐng)對(duì)方給予幫忙安排。

Dear Zhang lan: I am very glad to let you know that we will have a one-week holiday next month.You know I have been looking forward to a trip for nearly two years.So I collected two of good friends to enjoy the trip with me.After much consideration, we at last planned a trip to your city.You know we have got round to nearly every place worth seeing in my province.So this time we must take the chance to make a long journey.Your city is well known for its places of historic interests which greatly attracts us.But one week is not long enough to visit all of them.Thus we need your brief introduction of the places most worth a visit.Since it is the first time to go to your city, would you help us with an arrangement for a local trip and accommodation? Thanks!Guo feng 1.了解對(duì)方近來(lái)狀況.2.通知對(duì)方同學(xué)將在元旦舉行聚會(huì).3.請(qǐng)對(duì)方參加。

Dear Zhouyi: Another year has passed since we met last time on the reunion party of former classmates.The only news about you is that you got a promotion, so would you reply me an email with more details about how you are getting on? This letter is mainly to inform you that this year's get-together of the former classmates will be held on the fist day of new year.You know this is the only occasion when we can catch up on each other.We are looking forward to your attendance by the time.Yours!Liang shan l.了解對(duì)方最近的學(xué)習(xí)情況。2.你的學(xué)習(xí)情況.3.請(qǐng)對(duì)方說(shuō)說(shuō)提高英語(yǔ)水平的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

Dear Li hua: It has been two years since we went to different colleges after our graduation.I know you were the best in English in high school, so I believe you are still in a leading place with English in your class.Last year I took the college English test band four, but I got so low a mark that I want to try again this term.I don't like my other subjects to be disturbed by only the English test.For a satisfactory result, I need your help with your experience of English learning.Thank!Deng ping 1.你的近況.2.請(qǐng)對(duì)方幫你購(gòu)買(mǎi)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法書(shū).3.遨請(qǐng)對(duì)方方使時(shí)來(lái)訪。Dear Lihua, Five years is long enough to bring about many changes to us.I work in a trading company and met my husband there who is the vice manager of the same department I work.We just got married last year and we will have a baby in three months.I am very happy with my present life.Now I need an English grammar book..Can you help me to buy one? I can't find a suitable one here.I haven't seen you for ages.If you have time, please come here.I will show you around my city.It is worth seeing.I am so eager to know more about you.So would you contact me for a meeting as soon as you read my email? You can reach me any time at 33335555 Dengping 6.my hometown（我的家鄉(xiāng)）

My hometown is called Wencun, located in Taishan county, Guangdong province.My hometown is at the seaside of the South Sea, it takes about two hours to get there from Jiangmen city.The population is about 50 thousand.They are mostly farmers and usually very friendly, but a bit conservative.People still hold onto a lot of old traditions, but they are very kind, for example, if you ask someone for directions, they are always try the best to help you out.It's a quiet place and I like it.10.Spring Festival Spring Festival is Chinese new year, it is also called the lunar new year and it’s the greatest traditional festival in a year.Before the day, we clean the room, sweep the floor, dust the furniture.We are all very exciting.In the evening, we have dumplings and have a big meal.In the morning of Chinese new year, we have noodles.We go out and visit friends and relatives.We say Good Luck and Happy New Year to them.We are dancing and singing.Everybody is happy and gay.9、Why we learn English English is one of the world's most widely used languages.and is spoken as a native language by over three handred million people in the world.English is often necessary for official business，education，information, international trade and other activities in many countries.Our country is a developing country, if we wants our country strong and rich, we must learn the advanced technology and science from the developed country.We should use English as a weapon in our life.So we must learn English well.

第五篇：英語(yǔ)摘要

1.U.S.Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius has apologized to the American people for the problems preventing many from signing up for（報(bào)名參加）health insurance coverage, as President Barack Obama said Wednesday the health care law is still the “strongest protector” for health care consumers。

2.I’m accountable to（對(duì)…..[人]有責(zé)任）you for fixing these problems。

3.I really have no idea whether or not I'll be offered a better plan,whether or not the government will help me subsidize（資助 vt.）it。

4.With recent elements of（少許，一些）his health care program under attack（受到攻擊；在攻擊之下）, President Obama has defended its promise。

5.The president promised millions of uninsured Americans that they could purchase comprehensive（綜合的；有理解力的）health insurance plans at affordable rates。

6.The international community（國(guó)際社會(huì)）has condemned its brutal tactics（殘忍的策略）of using chemical weapons and bombing schools, bakeries, hospitals, and refugee camps（難民營(yíng)；難民收容所）.7.up to now到目前為止

8.Simply put, the world must act quickly and decisively（果斷地；決然地）to get life-saving assistance to the innocent（無(wú)辜的）civilians who are bearing the brunt of the civil war.9.He called for transparent（透明的，顯然的）justice a day before the start of the trial against the former president.10.Kerry says it is no secret that Egypt is going through difficult times following July's military-backed（軍方支持的）takeover, but he told officials here that President Obama is confident Egyptians will overcome those challenges.11.Kerry did not mention the former president by name（名字，名叫）but said it is important that civilians face civilian justice.12.The restaurant is hosting fundraising events(籌款活動(dòng))to help people left homeless by the storm.13.Pam Windle is the organization's regional vice president（副主席）.14.one person with conviction can make a change.