第一篇：實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案怎么寫

實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案怎么寫

首先要知道實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?，然后找到適合的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，再根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟（如果是現(xiàn)成的方法更好），根據(jù)步驟歸納總結(jié)所需要的儀器試劑等，最后按照實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模瑢?shí)驗(yàn)原理，實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，儀器試劑，實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟，數(shù)據(jù)處理這幾部分進(jìn)行總結(jié)即可。

開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案怎么寫

在學(xué)校實(shí)驗(yàn)室的管理中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些問題，其中如：在統(tǒng)籌安排各班級上實(shí)驗(yàn)課的時(shí)間需要人工實(shí)現(xiàn)，而且經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)同時(shí)有多個(gè)班級要使用實(shí)驗(yàn)室的沖突，并且調(diào)課后沒有及時(shí)通知老師和班級同學(xué)。為了方便實(shí)驗(yàn)室的管理，我們提出利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)來管理實(shí)驗(yàn)室的上機(jī)情況。以學(xué)校的網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室為背景，開發(fā)一個(gè)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案.........六.實(shí)驗(yàn)室管理信息系統(tǒng)

第二篇：畢業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案

《半枝蓮生物堿超生波輔助半仿生法提取工藝優(yōu)化》實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案

藥品：

半枝蓮、95%乙醇、鹽酸小檗堿對照品、蒸餾水、鹽酸溶液、氫氧化鈉溶液、碘-碘化鉀試劑

儀器：

722型紫外分光光度計(jì)、電子分析天平、電熱恒溫水浴鍋、數(shù)據(jù)超聲波清洗器、微型植物粉碎機(jī)、PH計(jì)、加熱板、循環(huán)水式多用真空泵

實(shí)驗(yàn)方法：

超生波提取法、半仿生法、正交實(shí)驗(yàn)、生物堿的鑒定方法

實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：

一、藥品、儀器的準(zhǔn)備

二、對照品溶液的制備、波長的測定、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的制作、推算出回歸方程

三、樣液的制備

四、用半仿生法提取半枝蓮中生物堿

1、單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)

（1）溫度對提取效果的影響

（2）酸度對提取效果的影響

（3）堿度對提取效果的影響

（4）料液比對提取效果的影響

2、因素、水平的確定及進(jìn)行正交實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)：

由單因素溫度、酸度、堿度和料液比作為正交試驗(yàn)的四個(gè)水平進(jìn)行正交實(shí)驗(yàn)以確定半仿生法中最優(yōu)的提取條件

五、超聲波輔助半仿生法提取半枝蓮生物堿：在上述半仿生法得到的最優(yōu)提取條件下進(jìn)行超聲波提取

1、單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)

（1）溫度對提取效果的影響

（2）提取次數(shù)對提取效果的影響

（3）酒精濃度對提取效果的影響

2、因素、水平的確定及進(jìn)行正交實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)：

由單因素溫度、提取次數(shù)、酒精濃度作為正交試驗(yàn)的三個(gè)水平進(jìn)行正交實(shí)驗(yàn)以確定在超聲波輔助半仿生法提取中的最優(yōu)條件

六、在超聲波輔助半仿生法提取的最優(yōu)條件下提取半枝蓮中生物堿

七、利用紫外分光光度計(jì)測定上述提取到的生物堿的吸光度，與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線進(jìn)行比較，計(jì)算出生物堿的量及產(chǎn)率。

八、生物堿的鑒定：

生物堿沉淀反應(yīng)

1、碘化鉍鉀試劑反應(yīng)取滲漉液1ml，加碘化鉍鉀試劑1滴～2滴，生成棕色至棕紅色者為陽性反應(yīng)在。

2、碘-碘化鉀試劑反應(yīng)取滲漉液1ml，加碘-碘化鉀試劑1滴～

2滴，生成棕黃色沉淀者為陽性反應(yīng)。

3、硅鎢酸試劑反應(yīng)取滲漉液1ml，加硅鎢酸試劑數(shù)滴，生成淡黃色沉淀者為陽性反應(yīng)。

第三篇：心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案

心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案

一，實(shí)驗(yàn)題目：人類在背誦英語單詞時(shí)，英語單詞的長度和被試背誦的時(shí)間是否影響背誦者的記憶效果

1假設(shè)

1.1選用短的英語單詞背誦時(shí)，背誦者的記憶效果比選用長的英語單詞好； 1.2背誦英語單詞的時(shí)間長的比背誦時(shí)間短的記憶效果好 2變量及額外變量的操縱方法 2.1自變量：單詞的長度，背誦時(shí)間

2.2因變量：背誦者的記憶效果（在分析中，選取單詞默寫正確個(gè)數(shù)為 2.3額外變量：被試的性別、智商水平，疲勞效應(yīng)等 2.3.1額外變量的操控方法：

2.3.1.1選擇性別數(shù)量上相等的被試（男10女10）

2.3.1.2選擇在同一智商水平（按韋克斯勒智力量表）的被試 2.3.1.3讓被試在實(shí)驗(yàn)中休息 3被試的選擇及分組

選取男女被試各10名，每位被試接受四種水平(長單詞—長時(shí)間、長單詞—短時(shí)間、短單詞—長時(shí)間、短單詞—短時(shí)間)的實(shí)驗(yàn)處理

4實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)施過程及方法

4.1選擇100個(gè)英語單詞（其中，長短單詞各50個(gè)）作為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料，20名被試把他們隨機(jī)分配到四個(gè)處理水平上，每個(gè)處理水平上分配5名被試。

4.2讓每組被試記憶單詞，短單詞選取CET四級詞匯中含5-6個(gè)字母的單詞，長單詞選取CET四級詞匯中含9-11個(gè)字母的單詞；記憶的短時(shí)間為5分鐘，長時(shí)間為10分鐘。

4.3記憶時(shí)間到時(shí)，讓被試默寫自己記憶的單詞；批改被試默寫的單詞

二、計(jì)算機(jī)鍵盤與水平面可有三種傾斜度：0度、10度和15度，試設(shè)計(jì)一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明，哪一種傾斜度最有利于輸入字符。

單因素被試間設(shè)計(jì) 1.提出假設(shè)：在計(jì)算機(jī)和水平面之間的三種傾斜度中，0度，10度和15度中，打一段相同的材料（使用相同的語言），在完成任務(wù)以后，比較一下哪種任務(wù)完成的時(shí)間是最少的，假設(shè)傾斜10度所需要的時(shí)間是最少的。

2.被試

篩選被試：篩選被試：在對被試進(jìn)行選擇的過程中，需要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的篩選。在進(jìn)行最后的測試之前，要對每個(gè)被試進(jìn)行測試。讓所有被試在同一個(gè)房間里進(jìn)行，給他們500字的中文文字，在最后的結(jié)果中篩選出在3-4分鐘內(nèi)完成的被試，這樣能夠排除掉打字技術(shù)對成績的干擾。其中選出被試45名。每個(gè)被試分別接受三個(gè)水平的實(shí)驗(yàn)處理（0度，10度和15度）。

單因素被試間設(shè)計(jì) 3.實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

3臺(tái)配置一樣的電腦，分別是：0度，10度和15度。

分別給被試呈現(xiàn)不熟悉的材料，避免對材料有熟悉度，每段文字500字。4.實(shí)驗(yàn)程序

(1)把被試統(tǒng)一安排在指定教室進(jìn)行，事先不需要太多的交流。

(2)指導(dǎo)語：大家好，今天我們要進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)文字輸入的測試。在屏幕中央將會(huì)出現(xiàn)一篇文字，請您以最快的速度輸入文字。在我說開始后，大家可以開始了。

(3)電腦自動(dòng)記錄被試完成的時(shí)間。(4)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。

三、研究者要探討燈光強(qiáng)度與顏色對反應(yīng)時(shí)的影響，試設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)2×2實(shí)驗(yàn)研究范式。(要求說明實(shí)驗(yàn)中自變量、因變量與控制變量，是組間設(shè)計(jì)還是組內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)，被試如何分組，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如何整理等)參考答案：

實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)：采用2×2多因素實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)。

該實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的自變量有兩個(gè)：燈光強(qiáng)度：分為強(qiáng)、弱兩個(gè)水平，燈光的顏色：可分為紅、綠兩種不同顏色的燈光。這樣，共有四種實(shí)驗(yàn)處理：紅色的強(qiáng)光、紅色的弱光、綠色的強(qiáng)光、綠色的弱光。

因變量：記錄每個(gè)被試在不同實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下的反應(yīng)時(shí)間。

控制變量：所有被試的練習(xí)次數(shù)、準(zhǔn)備狀態(tài)、額外動(dòng)機(jī)、年齡以及其他個(gè)別差異應(yīng)保持相等。選取研究對象（取樣）：隨機(jī)選擇大學(xué)生n（n>30）名，并將他們隨機(jī)分為四組，每組分別接受一種實(shí)驗(yàn)處理（見上）。

2、研究者要探討三種不同的教學(xué)方法對數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)效果的影響，試設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)真實(shí)驗(yàn)研究范式。(要求說明實(shí)驗(yàn)中自變量、因變量與控制變量，是組間設(shè)計(jì)還是組內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如何整理等)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)：采用隨機(jī)化多組后測設(shè)計(jì)（組間實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)）

該實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的自變量為：教學(xué)方法，有三個(gè)水平：教學(xué)方法Ⅰ、教學(xué)方法Ⅱ、教學(xué)方法Ⅲ。

因變量：教學(xué)效果，可用實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績變化情況來表示?？刂谱兞浚翰煌瑪?shù)學(xué)教師的教學(xué)水平，學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間，學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)等。選取研究對象（取樣）：在某中學(xué)某年級隨機(jī)選取學(xué)生n名，將其隨機(jī)分為三組，在數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中分別使用三種不同的教學(xué)方法。

測出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后三組被試的數(shù)學(xué)成績，比較三組被試數(shù)學(xué)成績的平均數(shù)，看是否有差異，采用單因素方差分析（或者F檢驗(yàn)），如果有差異，說明三種教學(xué)方法對數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)效果產(chǎn)生了不同影響。

英語面試

1，你喜歡的電視節(jié)目

my favorite reality Tv show is the impossible game.The Tv program has six famous male stars of china to take part in, the six men are Huanglei, Huangbo, Sunhonglei, Zhangyixing,Luozhixiang and Wangxun.It is very exciting and interesting because the six men should finish the impossible tasks that they have never done before.The tasks need people's intelligence, strong body and courage.I like Huanglei the most, because he is the most clever.I also like sunhonglei and huangbo, because they seem selfish, in fact they care others very much.and zhangyixing is the member of EXO, he is very handsome and popular with girls.Luozhixiang is very funny, I like him because where he is where the happiness is.Wangxun is always cheated, but he is still kind to others.At the beginning I think it's an entertainment show, and later I find it is of educational significance.From the program I learn a lot, I hope I can learn to challenge myself from the six men, I wish I can overcome my limitation and be more kind to others.2、喜歡的音樂

I like pop music There are many different kind of musics, classic, electric, country and blue。Among all these, pop music is my favorite。I love pop music because they are always fresh and always new。Every time you get tired about one pop song, there will always be a new one waiting for you to listen。Also, I love dancing with pop music which makes me feel young。Whenever I feel upset or tired, pop music will cheer me up with they beautiful rhyme and teach me how to live my life in a right way。Pop music is the soul of youth and it goes on forever。

3、喜歡的網(wǎng)站 I like surfing on the Internet.Although there are lots of websites, I like the CoCo English Learning website most.It is useful for me to learn English.For-example, there are lots of English songs.I can improve my English by listening to English songs.Also, I can do some tests to check what I have learned.It is also interesting.I can make friends who like English either by it.4、喜歡團(tuán)隊(duì)合作還是個(gè)人

Team Work.Team work is very important in our work.It is quite often that one is not able to carry out a job by itself.He needs more people to complete it together.We can say some importance jobs could not be done without teamwork.For example,in a football match,very member plays a different role which is important,all members must cooperate with each other to fight against the opponent team.They can only win the match when they do good teamwork,or they will be defeated.China has an old saying,“Unity is strength”,which means the importance of teamwork.5.網(wǎng)上購物

Whenit comes to online shopping, different people holds different ideas towards it.Some people seem extremely enjoy the way of buying things online because theyfeel online shopping is so convenient.Some just don?t believe that they can buygood quality commodities from Internet.As far as I?m concerned, I think onlineshopping creates lots of benefits to people.People buy commodities by Internet notonly because it saves us time, but also, we can save lots of money.buying things online is a way of saving time.Inconclusion, shopping online is a convenient, time-saving and money saving way.6、分?jǐn)?shù)重要還是能力重要 interpersonal relationships in the University, compared to learning, a little is not important;2 interpersonal relationship is based on the value of the potential exchange, a person of no value, do not talk about interpersonal relationships;3 learning is not just learning professional knowledge, learning without thinking of the people, also do not talk about the value of.If you want to become a man of value, it must be in learning at the same time, diligent in thinking, diligent summary.7、自己的興趣愛好 I have many hobbies,such as listening to music,reading,running andso on.As we all known,listening to music is a good way to coordinate our mood.Therefore,I enjoy listening to music,which can make me feel very happy.Moreover,I like reading very much.Reading makes a man.I have read the article whose name is ?Of Studies? that was written by Bacon.Hesaid that studies serve for delight,for ornament and for ability.So we can not stop learning.In other words,never too old to learn.In addition,it is necessary to do exercise regularly.I love running,because it has great effects on my health.In a word,my hobbies have positive influences on my body and soul.8、介紹家鄉(xiāng)

Luoyang, as is known to us all, is the capital of thirteen dynasties, which is located in the west of Henan Province.The climate in Luoyang is pretty good.In summer, it won't be too hot.What's more it won't be much too cold in winter.Luoyang is a historical city, so there are so many scenic sites, such as Longmen Grottoes(Shiku), White Horse(Baima)Temple, and other beautiful scenery in Luanchuan.I think you must know this sentence 'Luoyang's peony is the best in the world'.So why not come to my hometown to see the peonies next year, and at that time I will show you around my hometown, besides, you will be taken to Laocheng, and I must treat you with lots of characteristic snacks.My hometown, Luoyang, is an amazing city and I love it so much.9、難忘的經(jīng)歷

An unforgettable thing I still remember the first day when I went to school.I was very shy.I sat beside my desk and did not say a word.Many boys and girls wanted me to play with them.But I was too afraid to move.Tears came to my eyes.Just then a beautiful woman came to me.She told me that she was my teacher Miss Yang.She talked with me quietly and told funny stories to me.We laughed happily and I did not feel afraid any more.She was so kind that I thought she was just like my mother.From then on ,I made up my mind to be a teacher like her when I grew up！

10、對家庭教育和對學(xué)校教育的看法

I personally think that family is more important than school education: One, in the child's growth path, family education is more important than school education, father education and mother education equally important.Second, family education with children from birth to, growth until the founding family.Family education don't in school education, the influence on children is subtle.Outlook on life, values, ethics, aesthetic view, mode of thinking, habits, behave as will give a greater impact;in the education of family education financial in family life is full of strong affection and the individual teaching way.11、喜歡的電影

My favorite cartoon film is “Kung Fu Panda”.Because it's very funny and interesting.The story was great and the background was beautiful, it really felt like an ancient Chinese city.So many people like it.In this cartoon movie the character who I most like is the panda Arab League valuable.Because it not only unusual lovable and annoys the human to like, moreover is this cartoon movie's lead.But I did not deny that other roles also very much annoy the affection, for example tigress(Angelina Jolie), viper(Lucy Liu), praying mantis(Seth Rogen), hoist crane(David cross)and monkey(Jackie Chan).I from this cartoon movie middle school: Each people have the merit and the shortcoming, perhaps you only know your shortcoming, so long as but you look diligently, also will discover that oneself will have the merit.12、城市規(guī)劃

With industries and business developing quickly, the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduces.Efforts are being made to prevent people from cutting more trees.But a lot of trees are being destroyed by people who have never thought of the importance of green plants.Making cities greener has many advantages.First, it can make our air cleaner.Some researchers have proved that trees can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through absorption.Second, it can make our cities more beautiful.With trees and flowers everywhere, living conditions can be improved.Finally, it can produce timber----an effective way to solve the problems of limited supply of natural resources.Making our cities greener requires nationwide efforts.People in every field should not only know about the importance of keeping the quality of urban environment, but also take common action to plant more trees and flowers so as to improve our living conditions.13、二胎政策

First of all, two-child policy is the gift for some only child.For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child.Put aside the loneliness of their child, when their child grows up and they grow older, their child marry with an only child girl accidentally, the burden on their child and his wife is unimaginable heavy.Their child and his wife have to take care of two old couples.Usually, a young couple looking after an old couple is a little difficult;if the pressure increasing twice, how can they stand it.But if their parents have two children, they can share the burden of taking care of their parents.It would be much better.首先，二胎政策對于一些獨(dú)生子女來說是天賜的禮物。對于一些家庭來說，也許父母都是獨(dú)生子女，而他們也只生一個(gè)孩子。拋開孩子的孤獨(dú)不說，當(dāng)他們的孩子長大了，而他們也變老了，他們的孩子又和一個(gè)獨(dú)生子女結(jié)婚，這樣的話,壓在他們孩子和孩子妻子肩上的壓力是不可想象的。他們的孩子和他的妻子不得不照顧兩對老人。通常，一對年輕的夫婦照顧一對老人就有點(diǎn)難了；如果壓力增加了一倍，他們怎么能忍受呢。但是如果他們的父母有兩個(gè)孩子，他們就能分享照顧父母的壓力。這樣會(huì)比較好。

14、關(guān)于明星

Nowadays, star-worshiping is popular among teenagers, especially many university students.Why? When it comes to the symptoms of worshiping a star, the main factor I?d like to mention is imitation.With a blind love for their idols, teenagers firmly believe that their choices are the best.As a result, the stars? clothes, hairstyles and hobbies, as well as their behaviors in public, are closely observed or followed, though, to some extent, they may be considered improper or even ridiculous.In my opinion, having idols is not a bad thing.However, we should make it clear who are the real “heroes”.As far as I am concerned, the real heroes are those who are making the most contributions to our society, such as teachers, doctors and scientists.As students, we should learn from them.Only in this way can we become useful persons in the future.15、交朋友看重的品質(zhì)

Everyone needs friends.A friend can give us help and share our difficulties and happiness.But how can we make friends?

First, to make friends, you must be friendly to others.Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return.You should try to make a stranger feel at home wherever he happens to be.Think more of others than of yourself and never judge a person by his appearance and clothes.Second, friends should negotiate instead of quarrel.When you don't agree someone, please discuss with him.Finally, never believe in those who leave you when you are in trouble.And never leave your friend when he is in trouble.Remember, a friend in need is a friend indeed.Friends should be faithful to each other.So long as you can put your friend's interests in front of yours, you will have a lot of good friends.《登天的感覺》這本書，記載了岳曉東博士在哈佛大學(xué)心理咨詢中心實(shí)習(xí)期間經(jīng)手的十個(gè)咨詢個(gè)案。岳博士用深入淺出的表達(dá)方式說了心理咨詢的基本理論和方法，并把這些理論和方法巧妙地貫穿在各個(gè)案例中，生動(dòng)講述了他所做的這十個(gè)案例。

書中的這十個(gè)案例都給我留下了深刻的印象。例如第一個(gè)案例“我是全哈佛最自卑的人”，來訪者是一位大一新生，她不能很好地適應(yīng)哈佛大學(xué)的生活、學(xué)習(xí)、人際交往，覺得自己是全哈佛最自卑的人。這位來訪者表現(xiàn)出了典型的“新生適應(yīng)不良綜合癥”。岳博士針對她的狀況，采用了“現(xiàn)實(shí)療法”，幫忙她從自卑的漩渦中走了出來，重新?lián)肀ё孕诺年柟狻?/p>

從這個(gè)案例中，我學(xué)習(xí)到了岳博士提出的自信與自卑的關(guān)聯(lián)。即人是活在相互比較的感覺中的。這種比較能夠給人帶來自信，也能夠給人帶來自卑。當(dāng)一個(gè)人在與人比較中盡獲自信時(shí)，他要學(xué)會(huì)與自己比較來獲得自謙；而當(dāng)他在與人比較中盡獲自卑時(shí)，他要學(xué)會(huì)與自己比較來獲得自信。自信與自卑是人自我感覺的天平，其操作的原則是平衡產(chǎn)生美。

從這本書中，我領(lǐng)悟到了心理咨詢的三個(gè)方面知識(shí)。

第一個(gè)是什么叫做心理咨詢。心理咨詢是一項(xiàng)使人開心和不斷成長的工作。使人開心是心理咨詢的前奏曲，而使人成長才是心理咨詢的主旋律。心理咨詢力圖使個(gè)人將不愉快的經(jīng)歷當(dāng)作自我成長的良機(jī)。它竭力使人們用心地看待個(gè)人所受的挫折與磨難，從危機(jī)中看到生機(jī)，從困難中看到期望。心理咨詢也在于幫忙人學(xué)會(huì)辨證地看待生活當(dāng)中的憂愁煩惱。但這一切不是靠指教勸導(dǎo)得來的，而是要靠啟發(fā)領(lǐng)悟才能獲得的。用馬斯洛的話來講，心理咨詢就是要使人獲得“頂峰的體驗(yàn)”，這不就是“登天的感覺”嗎？

第二個(gè)是心理咨詢追求的目標(biāo)是什么。心理咨詢要使人從挫折中認(rèn)真反省，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，增強(qiáng)生活的智慧，以便能夠更好地應(yīng)付日后生活中可能出現(xiàn)的各種不愉快經(jīng)歷，也就是要使人更好地認(rèn)識(shí)自我，開發(fā)自我，激勵(lì)自我。

第三個(gè)是心理咨詢之高明所在是什么。心理咨詢之妙，就在于它幫忙了一個(gè)人，卻讓那個(gè)人感到是自己幫忙了自己，即助人自助。

我很喜愛這本書的基本構(gòu)架。岳曉東博士在每個(gè)案例的后面，都加入了一段個(gè)案分析。對個(gè)案的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、咨詢方針及操作方法等問題都進(jìn)行了詳盡的討論。在個(gè)案中，岳博士也寫了一些自己對留學(xué)美國八年的感悟和體會(huì)，并就一些資料、詞匯及心理學(xué)專門術(shù)語做了相關(guān)的注釋。在個(gè)案分析的后面，岳博士還加了一條心理學(xué)或心理咨詢方面的小知識(shí)。

第四篇：創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案

創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案

單位：孔灘鎮(zhèn)初級中學(xué)姓名：向梅

一、實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱：品紅分子在水中的擴(kuò)散

二、實(shí)驗(yàn)藥品與器材：堿性品紅、蒸餾水、100ml的燒杯、藥匙

三、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：

1、在燒杯中倒入80ml左右的蒸餾水。

2、用藥匙取出少量（1克左右）堿性品紅輕輕倒于水面。

3、靜置一段時(shí)間，觀察現(xiàn)象。

四、實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象：

1、水中出現(xiàn)縷縷“絲線”并不斷延伸、即品紅分子逐漸往水中擴(kuò)

散留下的“足跡”（此時(shí)、品紅分子還未擴(kuò)散均勻）。

2、最終紅色的品紅將均勻充滿整杯水（此時(shí)、品紅分子已經(jīng)擴(kuò)散

均勻）。

五、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論：

1、物質(zhì)（多數(shù)）的確由微小的分子構(gòu)成2、分子是不停的做擴(kuò)散運(yùn)動(dòng)的六、設(shè)計(jì)方案：

該實(shí)驗(yàn)源自七年級上冊教材第51頁。書中介紹細(xì)胞中存在哪些物質(zhì)時(shí)用蔗糖舉例：將蔗糖加入水中，過一會(huì)兒蔗糖“消失”，水變甜。原因是多數(shù)物質(zhì)均由分子構(gòu)成，蔗糖的“消失”是構(gòu)成蔗糖的分子擴(kuò)散到水分子的空隙中，教科書上在文字旁將該擴(kuò)散過程及結(jié)果用圖的方式表現(xiàn)。

我用“品紅分子在水中的擴(kuò)散”現(xiàn)象代替教材的講解及圖畫過程，這一改進(jìn)與創(chuàng)新有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：

1、將抽象、微觀的過程變得具體、“可視”

2、將教材文字講解的呆板、單調(diào)變得生動(dòng)、“活潑”

3、將圖畫的虛假靜態(tài)過程變?yōu)閷?shí)物的真實(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)過程

4、為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)九年級化學(xué)“分子和原子”這一內(nèi)容做好鋪墊

5、使學(xué)生樹立“世界既是宏觀的，也是微觀的”這一辯證唯物

主義觀點(diǎn)。

第五篇：科學(xué)小實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案

科學(xué)小實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案

實(shí)驗(yàn)一 實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱：噴水比賽 器材物品：1個(gè)空可樂罐、1枚鐵釘、膠帶、鐵錘 實(shí)驗(yàn)過程：

1、用鐵釘在可樂罐的中部和靠近底部的地方各鉆一個(gè)大小一樣的小孔。

2、貼上膠帶，把小孔堵上，然后把可樂罐罐滿水。

3、同時(shí)扯掉膠紙，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，下面的孔噴出的水比中間孔噴出的水遠(yuǎn)些。

實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：

水的壓力與深度有關(guān)，而與水量的多少、水域的形狀無多大關(guān)系。無論是遼闊的大海，還是普通的游泳池、浴缸，在1米深的水下，壓力差不多都是一樣的。水越深，壓力越大。

實(shí)驗(yàn)觀賞性及科技含量說明：

扯掉膠紙，下面的孔噴出的水比中間孔噴出的水遠(yuǎn)些。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)，學(xué)生知道了有關(guān)水的壓力的知識(shí)。

實(shí)驗(yàn)二

實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱：水下火山

器材物品：1個(gè)小玻璃瓶、1個(gè)廣口瓶、1根長線、熱水、少許紅墨水

實(shí)驗(yàn)過程：

1、在小玻璃瓶里灌滿熱水，滴進(jìn)些紅墨水將它染紅。

2、用線系著小玻璃瓶，把它沉入裝有冷水的廣口瓶底部。

3、于是，一朵“紅云”就會(huì)從瓶底升起，伸展到水面上，好像火山噴發(fā)一樣。

實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：

水受熱時(shí)體積膨脹，變得比冷水輕。于是，紅色的熱水上升，冷水下沉，直到摻和均勻?yàn)橹埂?/p>

實(shí)驗(yàn)觀賞性及科技含量說明：

一朵“紅云”從瓶底升起，伸展到水面上，好像火山噴發(fā)一樣。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)，學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到了水受熱時(shí)體積會(huì)膨脹的道理。

實(shí)驗(yàn)三

實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱：瓶吞雞蛋

器材物品：1個(gè)口徑適中的玻璃瓶、幾個(gè)去殼的熟雞蛋、火柴、紙片

實(shí)驗(yàn)過程：

1、把紙片點(diǎn)著后放入瓶中。

2、把剝好的雞蛋放在瓶口上，看，雞蛋“忽”的一下進(jìn)入瓶口了。

實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：

玻璃瓶口比雞蛋小，把紙片點(diǎn)著后放入瓶中，由于瓶子受熱，空氣往外排出，這時(shí)把雞蛋放在瓶口上，過一會(huì)兒，由于瓶里空氣收縮壓力減少，這時(shí)在瓶外的雞蛋由于受大氣壓力的作用便被推進(jìn)瓶里。

實(shí)驗(yàn)觀賞性及科技含量說明：

雞蛋“忽”的一下進(jìn)入瓶口了。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)，學(xué)生能夠感受到大氣壓力的作用。

實(shí)驗(yàn)四

實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱：小航船 器材物品：幾個(gè)樟腦丸、1個(gè)乒乓球、1把剪刀、1盆水 實(shí)驗(yàn)過程：

1、把乒乓球剪成3份，修剪成小船模樣，在船尾剪去一小塊，再剪出一條縫。

2、敲碎一粒樟腦丸，在每個(gè)小船上放一小塊樟腦，讓它接觸到水而不會(huì)掉下去。

3、把小船輕輕放入盛有水的盆中，讓樟腦浸在水里。這時(shí)，你的船就會(huì)自動(dòng)航行起來了，直到樟腦溶盡，小船才會(huì)停下來。

實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：

當(dāng)樟腦溶入水中后，這部分的表面張力就減少了，于是，小船表面張力較大的一端拉過去，樟腦不斷溶入水中，小船也就不斷取得“動(dòng)力”，直到樟腦溶盡，小船才靜止不動(dòng)。

實(shí)驗(yàn)觀賞性及科技含量說明：

小船輕輕放入盛有水的盆中，這時(shí)，船就會(huì)自動(dòng)航行起來。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)，學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到了水的表面張力。