第一篇：詞塊與二語教學簡介

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Background of the Research

With the frequent communication of the international politics and economy, English teaching of our country is becoming more and more important.Early in 2001, Ministry of Education in China declared that English would be a compulsory course since October that year.The new decision not only placed more emphasis on English learning, but also gave more pressure and motive power for English teachers to ameliorate their teaching methods and strategies.Guiding principles of this policy include: to arouse students’ interests in studying English;to build up students’ confidence to master English;to strengthen students’ communicative ability in English, especially oral English;to increase students’ cultural awareness;to decrease the influence of grammar.According to this, English teachers must make sure that students can both have basic English knowledge and communicative ability in hand during their teaching process.However, elementary English education started in our country at the end of 1980s, so it will be very urgent and important to improve it.Oral English as the reflection of comprehensive English ability has played a vital role in English communication.How to improve oral English should be the first priority in elementary school English teaching.Language teaching has undergone a large variation of theories and methodologies ever since early period of 19th century to 20th century.Recently, many applied linguists namely Becker & Bolinger(1975), Lewis(1993), Nattiger & Decarrico(1992), Syder & Sinclair(1991)found the formulaic nature of language with the help of corpus linguistics which created a new teaching method from the point of view of lexical chunks.What is more, many Chinese linguists have started to be aware of the effect of lexical chunks in second language acquisition and teaching.However, most experimental studies about lexical chunks take college students as participants and it is rare to take elementary school students in the studies, so the effects of lexical chunks on elementary school English deserve more attention in present studies.In this thesis, the author tends to apply lexical chunks in elementary school oral English teaching, hoping to strengthen students’ self-confidence to speak English and reinforce their awareness of different cultures between eastern and western countries.The ultimate goal of the study is to heighten elementary school oral English which can be fluent and idiomatical.1.2 Purpose of the Research

The research aims to examine the function of lexical chunks in improving elementary school students’ oral English and the correlation between lexical chunks and oral English fluency, appropriateness, complexity, students’ grammatical ability, social communication ability, textual ability and strategic ability.This research deals with the following two questions: 1.What is the current state of applying lexical chunks in elementary school oral English? 2.What are the effects of lexical chunks teaching on elementary school oral English?

1.3 Significance of the Research

“The effect of our country’s foreign language teaching is not satisfactory.The teaching method is time-consuming, energy-consuming but inefficient”(Vice Premier Li, 1996).Traditional teaching method has its weakness and it cannot satisfy the need of modern English learners.However, the method of teaching lexical chunks is a unique way to improve the present situation of English learning and teaching in China, especially oral English.Grammar, semantics and pragmatics are the inner ingredients of lexical chunks.That is to say, after learning lexical chunks, students would master the basic knowledge as well as improve their communicative ability.The improvement of oral English will promote their writing and listening abilities too.In addition, the progress can make students realize that lexical chunks are important and effective, so they will learn lexical chunks consciously.The outcome of the research is able to encourage English teachers to apply new teaching theories and to innovate their teaching methodologies.There must be suitable and successful English teaching methodologies after all the efforts of teachers’ and researchers’ in China.

第二篇：加強語塊教學

加強詞塊教學 提高學生英語學習效率

曹智宏

四川省什邡市實驗中學

重慶師范大學外國語學院

摘要：英語教學以培養(yǎng)學生的英語綜合應(yīng)用能力為目標, 這意味著不僅要使學生知道如何生成語法規(guī)范的句子, 還要使學生熟練地運用語言。詞塊是構(gòu)成語言的基礎(chǔ)，詞塊的使用可以大大提高語言輸出的流利性、準確性和得體性。筆者認為在平時的英語課堂上英語教師應(yīng)加強詞塊教學，培養(yǎng)學生的詞塊意識，以提高學生的綜合運用能力。

關(guān)鍵詞：詞塊；教學；英語綜合能力

一、引言、在教學中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，學生在英語學習過程中在詞匯上花了不少的時間并有足夠的詞匯量，但是一到運用（如口頭交際，寫作）的時候卻犯難了。學生在運用時往往只憑所記憶的單詞和語法規(guī)則編寫句子，從而不能保證句子表達的正確性或符合英語的表達習慣，從而造成詞不達意（陳偉平2008:48）。國內(nèi)外學者研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：增強學習者的詞塊意識是提高綜合運用能力的一種好途徑。Cook(1991:40)指出：“對孤立的詞重復(fù)是一種淺層處理，記憶效果差；將詞與所在語法結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合起來則是較深層的處理，記憶效果好。”

二、詞塊的定義

詞塊（lexical chunks）又被稱做lexical phrases、pre-fabricated speech，通常指同現(xiàn)頻率較高、形式和意義較固定的大于單詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)同時兼有詞匯和語法特征（楊玉晨1999）。Nattinger和DeCarrioco（2000）把詞塊大致分以下4種情況：1)多詞詞匯（polywords），如 in a word，on the contrary.2)約定俗成的表達（institutionalized expressions）包括諺語、警句、社交公式語。如How do you do? 3)限制性結(jié)構(gòu)短語（phrasal constraints）如as far as I know…, as well as.4)句子框架和引語（sentence builders）not only….but also….，I think that....I’m a great believer in X。

三、學習詞塊的作用

桂詩春通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：詞匯搭配錯誤是中國學習者最常見的錯誤（屈典寧 鄧軍 2010）。李紅葉（2004）也指出詞塊通常作為一個統(tǒng)一的整體進入人們的記憶，有助于提高語言的準確性和流利度。具體的講主要有一下幾方面的作用： 4.1 有利于記憶和儲存語言知識

桂詩春（2002）說：“一個塊是一條有聯(lián)系的信息，其中一部分可以幫助記憶另一部分”。詞塊有其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和意義的制約性，其中一部分可以幫助記憶另一部分，比脫離語境的單詞更容易記憶。于秀蓮（2008）和屈典寧（2008）對大學

生進行的實驗研究證明：詞塊記憶法可以提高學生的記憶效果。4.2 有利于提高語言輸出的的流利性，準確性和地道性

第二語言習得研究表明，人們在言語交際中使用兩種編碼方式：一是以語法為基礎(chǔ)的規(guī)則型的（rule-based）;一種是以詞匯短語為基礎(chǔ)范例型的（instance-based）。前者可以使句子更有創(chuàng)造性和靈活性但需要大量的時間。而后者在輸出時不必臨時組合就可以整體快速提取使用，具有極強的可及性（accessibility）和提取效應(yīng)優(yōu)勢，減輕了大腦的語言編碼壓力，確保大腦的迅速反應(yīng)，從而極大地提高語言的流利性。Nattinger & DeCarrico認為，人們使用語言的流利程度不取決于學習者大腦中存儲了多少生成語法規(guī)則，而在于存儲了多少詞塊。如果語言產(chǎn)出過程中沒有現(xiàn)成的、預(yù)制的詞塊，流利性的概念便無從談起。同時在交際中多用詞塊也避免了因文化差異而帶來的語用失誤，可以使學習者所說的句子更地道。4.3 有利于提高聽力的理解效率

聽是接受稍縱即逝的語音刺激。聽力差的學習者往往是百倍精神地試著聽懂每一個單詞但到頭什么已沒有聽到，這主要是由于以語音形式儲存的語塊的量不夠大從而不能對話語中占很大比例的固定和半固定短語即詞塊以整體形式直接提取而是把它們當做自由組成的短語。如果學習者儲存的語塊越多，在聽的過程中信息處理耗費的資源就越少，理解效果就越好。

四、教學啟示

首先應(yīng)堅決糾正學生只注重孤立、機械地背單詞的不良習慣。教師應(yīng)多給學生傳授詞塊方面的知識，培養(yǎng)學生對詞塊的敏感度和識別能力。其次加強詞塊輸入，培養(yǎng)學生的詞塊意識。無論在課堂教學還是學生的課后閱讀中，都要求學生識別并提煉出材料中的詞塊。著重訓(xùn)練學生在詞塊上的連續(xù)表達能力，這有助于學習者最終提高小句、句子的表達能力（張玉英2008）.參考文獻：

[1]Cook V.Second language Learning and Language Teaching [M].London: Routle,1991.40 [2]Lewis M.Implementing the Lexical Approach [M].England;Language Teaching Publications, 1997,212 [3]Nattinger J R &DeCarrico J S.Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching[M].Oxford, Oxford University Press 1992 [4]陳偉平.增強學生詞塊意識，提高學生寫作能力[J]外語界，2008（3）：48-50 [5桂詩春.心理語言學[M].長沙：湖南教育出版社，2002 [6李紅葉.詞匯練習要注意詞塊的產(chǎn)出訓(xùn)練[J].國外外語教學，2004，（3）：56-57 [7屈典寧，鄧軍.基于語料庫的語塊習得模式研究[J] 外語界，2010（1）:47 [8楊玉晨.英語詞匯的“板塊”性及其對英語教學的啟示[J] 外語界，1999，（4）：24 [9]于秀蓮.語塊教學法與提高英語應(yīng)用能力的實驗研究[J]外語界，2008（3）：54-60 [10]張玉英.二語學習者預(yù)制語塊能力與二語水平關(guān)聯(lián)性研究[J]外語界，2008（3）：66

第三篇：U3詞塊

unit3

重點詞塊

1.in fact事實上，實際上

2.the singing competition歌詠比賽

3.the one with shorter hair 留更長頭發(fā)的女孩

4.as friendly as和…一樣友好

5.work/study harder工作/學習更努力

6.be talented in在…方面有天賦

7.be good/better at在…方面擅長/在…方面更擅長

8.care about關(guān)心，在乎

9.make me laugh讓我大笑

10.a good listener一個好的傾聽者

11.the same as和… 一樣

12.look the same看起來一樣

13.be different from和…不同

14.be quite different from 和…十分不同

15.look different看起來不一樣

16.like reading books喜歡看書

enjoy studying喜歡學習

17.as long as只要

18.much less hard-working更不努力

19.bring out the best in me 把我最好的一面激發(fā)出來

20.get better grades取得更好的成績

21.share sth with sb和某人分享某事

22.be similar to與…相似

重點句子

1.Is Sam more hard-working than Tom?

2.Does Tara work as hard as Tina?

3.The most important thing is to learn sth new and have fun.4.Lisa really wanted to win, though.5.That’s why I like reading books.6.It’s not easy for me to make friends.7.A good friend is like a mirror.Friends are like books.8.My best friend helps to bring out the best in me.我最好的朋友幫助我激發(fā)出自己所能。

9.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.一個真正的朋友在需要時給你幫助，使你感動。

第四篇：淺析語塊理論與三本院校英語聽力教學

三本學生的英語聽力水平普遍不夠理想，應(yīng)該重視語塊的習得與積累，因此文章旨在探討語塊理論對中國三本院校學生聽力習得的教學啟示。

語料庫語言學的研究表明，英語中存在著一種成串的語言結(jié)構(gòu)。對于這樣的語言結(jié)構(gòu)，學者們采用了不同的術(shù)語對這種語言現(xiàn)象加以界定，比較被大家廣泛接受的說法是：語塊是一種兼具有詞匯和語法特征的語言結(jié)構(gòu)，一般為多詞單位，具有特定的話語功能。

聽力教學側(cè)重的是學生對英語聲音材料理解能力的培養(yǎng)，而三本院校的學生入學時英語基礎(chǔ)不是很好，特別是普遍存在著英語聽力薄弱的現(xiàn)象，究其原因，一方面是傳統(tǒng)的英語教學過于注重語法規(guī)則，而忽略了語言作為交際手段這一根本目的，于是形成了“聾子英語”，另一重要原因是學生對地道的預(yù)制語塊積累不夠。他們注重的一般是單詞的記憶，而不是語塊的記憶和積累，因此造成他們在聽力理解上存在一定的困難。語塊理論，從一個嶄新的角度闡述了語言教學的理論和實踐，從根本上提出了對如何提高學生的英語聽力理解能力的應(yīng)對辦法，為三本院校英語聽力教學提供了新的思路與視角。英語語塊理論

1.1語言習得研究基礎(chǔ)

大量關(guān)于兒童母語習得，即一語習得的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童是通過習得語塊而后習得整個語言的，特別是早期階段的語塊學習和記憶。比如，當兒童使用“I’d like?”時，這3個詞語可能被他們當作一個不可拆分的單位來記憶和使用的?；蛘呖梢哉f，在兒童的心理詞典中，這3個詞是一個詞條。在反復(fù)練習和成功使用了某些相同的模式之后，兒童就自然而然地從中概括出一些語塊的構(gòu)造規(guī)則，并將他們習得的語塊作為整體存儲在心理詞庫中。語言學家在二語習得的研究中也得出相近的結(jié)果，實踐證實大量語塊存在于二語學習者的口頭交際中。

在一語和二語習得研究的基礎(chǔ)上，Natfinger和DeCarrico指出，一種語言的正確使用過程不外乎是“對這些預(yù)制語塊進行選擇，然后將這些語塊串聯(lián)起來的過程”。因為預(yù)制語塊其實被使用者按不同的語用功能分類存儲在一起，使用者根據(jù)交際語境的需要，對其整體提取使用，這樣便達到了語言表達正確性和流利性的統(tǒng)一。

1.2語料庫語言學基礎(chǔ)

語料庫語言學家經(jīng)過電腦數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析發(fā)現(xiàn)。在自然語言中存在著數(shù)量龐大、出現(xiàn)頻率高、不同程度詞匯化的詞串，即語塊，它們構(gòu)成了英語中基本的語言單位。Altenb的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大約70％的日常口語都是由預(yù)制語塊組成的。Bo~nger也有相同的認識，他說語言已為我們提供了大量的預(yù)制語塊，因此我們說話時不必從“木材、釘子和藍圖”起開始構(gòu)建。

1.3認知心理語言學基礎(chǔ)

1950年，美國心理學家GeorgeMiUer提出了組塊理論(chunking)，他指出短時記憶的容量大概是7+／-2個“塊”。而“塊”(chunks)最早是由心理學家Miller和Self-ridge提出，記憶對于信息的加工過程的結(jié)果就是塊。人們可以憑借自己已有知識和經(jīng)歷對接觸到的信息進行組塊和儲存，以便于日后整體檢索和提取。

認知心理學家Sinclair則認為，人類的語言習得可以分為兩大體系：其一是以語法規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的分析性體系；其二是以記憶為基礎(chǔ)的套語體系。在分析性體系中，記憶所占的空間雖然小但強度卻相當大，因此即時交際難以較好地實現(xiàn)。套語體系包括數(shù)量可觀的語塊，在進行交際時，說話人易于從記憶中提取，便于準確、流利表達。雖然語法規(guī)則給我們提供了構(gòu)成無數(shù)個句子的可能，但實際交際中，可能性中的絕大多數(shù)被忽視掉了。值得注意的是，某些特定的詞匯組合卻不斷地被重復(fù)使用。因而Sinclair進一步歸納出語言加工過程通常遵循的兩條原則，即習語原則和自由選擇原則。前者是指使用大量現(xiàn)成的預(yù)制語塊來組裝語句：而后者則是選擇合適的語法和詞匯一點點逐步“搭建”語句。Sinclair主張，習語原則在這兩個原則中地位優(yōu)先。語塊在三本學生英語聽力提高中的作用

Lewis(1997)等學者提倡在課堂上直接進行語塊的教授，而近年來，國內(nèi)越來越多的學者也意識到了預(yù)制語塊對二語習得的作用，認為語塊不僅能提高中國學生口語交際的流利性，更重要的是能提高學生的語用能力。筆者認為，除了口語表達，語塊教學對三本學生英語聽力習得是非常有效的，具體表現(xiàn)在：

2.1有利于克服聽力材料中噪音及音變的影響

在多數(shù)情況下，英語錄音資料往往伴有其他聲音，這種干擾聲會降低話語的清晰度，阻礙英語學習者獲取信息。另一方面，音變現(xiàn)象，如弱讀、連讀、吞音等語音現(xiàn)象會造成某些單詞聽不清楚或聽不到。令人欣慰的是，語塊由于在語言中被高頻使用，具備著語境依附特征和語境效應(yīng)優(yōu)勢，因此語塊可以提供重要的語境信息，這樣能大大彌補噪音干擾或音變導(dǎo)致的聽覺信息的缺失，比如The truth is，I’ve broken(up)with him?中的up聽不清楚時，熟悉這個語塊的聽者能根據(jù)語境判斷出該單詞。此外，預(yù)制語塊還具有可以幫助聽者根據(jù)

2.2 有利于提高預(yù)測信息的能力

預(yù)制語塊往往帶有情境性，具有非常重要的語篇信息組織功能，它的使用并不是隨意的。對大量語料的研究顯示，預(yù)制語塊在自然語篇中起著諸如組織語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、連接信息和預(yù)示下文的重要作用。許多形式和功能屬于固定或半固定性質(zhì)的語塊在語篇中不可或缺的銜接手段，讀者把握住這些語塊，也就掌握了文章的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)以及段落問的關(guān)系，達到理解文章的效果。同樣，在聽英語材料時，學生可以充分利用那些組篇功能語塊，結(jié)合自己已掌握的相關(guān)圖式和背景知識，積極主動地獲取信息、預(yù)測信息，從而為其進一步贏得處理信息和反應(yīng)的時間。例如，當學生聽到“My points are as follows，F(xiàn)irstly?scondly?finally?”，就會預(yù)先知道說話者談話的內(nèi)容。

2.3有利于提高對聽力材料的理解效率

“語言不是由傳統(tǒng)語法和詞匯構(gòu)成的，而常常是由多詞的、預(yù)制的語塊構(gòu)成的”(Lewis 1997)。正因為預(yù)制語塊是語言使用者所熟悉的語言形式，因而聽者對聽到的信息不陌生，從而縮短了正常語言交際時大腦壓縮處理語言信息所需的時間，大大緩解了由于即時分析和處理聽到的信息的壓力。學生的注意力和思維要受說話者語速的控制，因為聽力材料包含的語音信息稍縱即逝，所以平時要多加練習聽力，特別是要有意識地積累語音形式的語塊量。如果聽力基礎(chǔ)薄弱的學生以語音形式儲存的語塊量不足，便無法便捷地對話語中占有很大比例的固定和半固定短語進行整體認知，并直接提取語義，其結(jié)果是把它們當作按語法規(guī)則組合起來的一個個單詞，只能通過單詞識別，詞義匹配的方式提取語義，獲得信息。

——2013北大資源研修學院

第五篇：英語寫作必備語塊

英語寫作必備語塊

話題一：個人情況

1.出生于

be born in 2.主修理工

major in physics 3.畢業(yè)于、畢業(yè)后

be graduated from、after graduation 4.從事于

be engaged in 5.有著…的天賦 have a gift for 6.收到良好教育的well-educated 7.中國國籍

(of)Chinese nationality 8.電話號碼

telephone number 9.把心思用在put one’s heart into 10.集中精力于

focus one’s attention on 11.致力于/獻身于

devote oneself to sth/doing sth;be devoted to 12.積極從事…

be active in sth 13.對…做研究

do research on 14.對…不在乎

care little about 15.工作到深夜

work until midnight 16.獲得碩士學位

gain a master’s degree 17.獲得第一名

win the first prize(in…)18.大獲成功

achieve great success 19.被…錄取；考入

be admitted to 20.被認為是…

be regarded as 21.作為…被銘記

be remembered as 22.（在…上）排名第一

rank No.1(in)23.因為…獲得很多獎

receive many awards for 24.用某物獎賞某人

reward sb with sth

話題二：家庭、朋友與周圍的人 1.一個五歲的男孩

a boy aged five 2.在他十/三十多歲時

in his teens/thirties 3.五歲時

at the age of five 4.在某人童年時

in one’s childhood

5.過著…的生活

lead a…life 6.謀生

earn one’s living 7.照顧

take care of 8.養(yǎng)育；培養(yǎng) bring up 9.對某人要求嚴格

be strict with sb 10.由…引起

result from 11.導(dǎo)致 result in 12.有能力做某事

be able to do sth 13.很有才能的女子

a woman of great ability 14.在…方面熟練

be skilled in 15.在…有經(jīng)驗

be experienced in 16.獲得…稱號 be given the title of 17.獲得金/銀牌

win a gold/silver medal 18.獲諾貝爾獎

win the Nobel Prize 19.得到全世界的關(guān)注

get the world’s attention 20.不計名利

care little for money and fame 21.留學深造

go abroad for further studies 22.找到做某事的方法

find a way to do sth 23.帶/送某人到某地

take/send sb to … 24.情不自禁地做某事

can’t help doing sth 25.給我們樹立好榜樣

set us a good example

話題三：周圍的環(huán)境

1.在教學樓的前面（有許多樹）

(There are lots of trees)in front of the teaching building 2.在教室的前面（有塊黑板）

(There is a blackboard)in the front of the classroom

3.位于這座城市的南部

lie in the south of the city 4.距城南15英里處

15miles away to the south of the city 5.坐落在廣州的西部

be located in the west of Guangzhou 6.在山腳下

at the foot of the mountain 7.在山頂上

at the top of the mountain 8.中國第二大島嶼

the second largest island in China 9.占地面積有

cover an area of

10.有三千多年的歷史

have/with a history of over 3000 years 11.有…人口

have a population of 12.由…組成consist of 13.盛產(chǎn)

be rich in 14.它的南面有

on its south lies… 15.因…而著名

be famous for 16.乘三路公共汽車

take a No.3 bus 17.可容納500客人

can hold up to 500 guests 18.乍一看，初看起來

at first sight 19.看見，看到

catch sight of 20.呈現(xiàn)在眼前

come into sight 21.看得見/看不見

in sight/out of sight 22.宿舍樓

dormitory building 23.看不到，忽略

lose sight of 24.象征和平

stand for peace 25.代表我的同學 represent my classmates

話題四：日常活動

1.整理床鋪

make the bed 2.刷牙

brush one’s teeth 3.洗冷水澡

have a cold bath 4.洗淋浴

take a shower 5.負債/還清債務(wù)

in debt/out of debt 6.直到深夜

deep into the night 7.保持/失去平衡

keep/lose one’s balance 8.對…殘忍

be cruel to sb 9.承認錯誤

admit one’s mistake 10.聽說

hear of 11.做出共同努力

make joint efforts 12.忙于

be busy with 13.習慣于

be accustomed to 14.給某人打電話

call sb up 15.不掛斷電話，等等

hold on 16.掛斷電話

ring off

17.回復(fù)電話

ring back 18.過時

out of date 19.允許某人做某事

allow sb to do sth 20.號召某人做某事

call on sb to do sth 21.鼓勵某人做某事

encourage sb to do sth 22.強迫某人做某事

force sb to do sth 23.提醒某人做某事/使某人想起某事

remind sb to do sth/remind sb of sth 24.阻止某人做某事

prevent sb from doing sth 25.提高人民生活水平

improve the living standards of the people

話題五：學校生活

1.預(yù)習功課

preview lessons 2.上課

have lessons 3.專心于

be absorbed in 4.牢記，背誦

learn…by heart;keep in mind 5.復(fù)習功課

go over the lesson 6.努力學習

work hard at 7.盡力；盡最大的努力

try one’s best 8.充分利用

make full use of

9.在…方面取得進步

make progress in… 10.趕上某人

catch up with sb 11.參加入學考試

take an entrance examination 12.考試作弊

cheat in the exam 13.通過考試/不及格

pass/fail the examination 14.（數(shù)學）得滿分

get full marks(for maths)15.獲得獎學金

gain scholarship 16.獲得好成績

get good grades 17.課后/放學后

after class/school 18.算出；解決

work out 19.解決問題

solve the problem 20.堅持做某事

insist on doing sth.21.高度贊揚某人

speak highly of sb 22.因某事表揚人

praise sb for sth

23.尊敬老師和家長

respect teachers and parents 24.遲到/缺席

be late for/ be absent from 25.遵守/違反學校的規(guī)章制度

obey/break the school rules and regulations

話題六：興趣愛好

1.對…感興趣

be interested in 2.培養(yǎng)對…的興趣

develop an interest in 3.對…很積極，積極參加

be active in 4.對…著迷

be crazy about 5.對…感到好奇

be curious about sth 6.對…感到厭煩

be tired of 7.引起某人的注意

attract one’s interest 8.愛好體育運動

take pleasure in sports 9.喜歡唱歌跳舞

like singing and dancing 10.喜歡流行音樂

enjoy popular music 11.感到高興，感到振奮

cheer up 12.參加，參與

join in 13.挑出，辨別出

pick out 14.嘗試做某事

attempt to do sth 15.在某人空閑的時候

in one’s spare time 16.讀小說

read novels 17.上網(wǎng)

surf the Internet 18.上網(wǎng)聊天

chat online 19.集郵

collect stamps 20.做運動

do sports 21.彈奏樂器

play musical instrument 22.去野營

go camping 23.打牌

play cards 24.比起…更喜歡…

prefer to … rather than … 25.我最喜歡的愛好

my favorite hobby

話題七：個人情感

1.令某人開心/吃驚/失望的是

to one’s delight/joy/surprise/disappointment 2.對某人生氣

be angry with sb 3.為…而擔心

be worried about 4.對…感到驚訝

be surprise at sth 5.對某人感到失望

be disappointed at sb 6.對…感到滿足

be satisfied with 7.對…感到抱歉

be sorry for… 8.以…為豪

be proud of 9.滿腔怒火

be filled with anger 10.急于做某事

be anxious to do sth 11.高興地做某事

be delighted to do 12.感動流淚

be touched to tears 13.被嚇死

be scared to death 14.突然大哭/大笑

burst into tears/laughters 15.情不自禁地做某事

can’t help doing 16.擔心，關(guān)心

care about 17.投訴，埋怨

complain about 18.渴望某人做某事

long for sb to do sth 19.盼望做某事

look forward to doing sth 20.期盼/希望做某事

expect/wish to do sth 21.對做某事有強烈的愿望

have a strong desire to do sth 22.對…有樂觀的態(tài)度

have an optimistic attitude towards… 23.面帶笑容

with a smile on one’s face 24.給…留下印象 make an impression on sb 25.失去信心/建立自信 lose heart/build confidence

話題八：人際關(guān)系

1.撒謊

tell a lie 2.幫助某人做某事

help sb with sth/do sth 3.幫助某人擺脫困境

help sb out 4.遵守諾言/失言 keep/break one’s word 5.相互學習

learn from each other 6.與某人交朋友

make friends with sb 7.彼此信任

trust each other 8.關(guān)心

be concerned about 9.同…交流 communicate with 10.交流思想/信息

exchange ideas/information 11.愛上，喜歡上

fall in love with 12.與…取得/保持聯(lián)系

get/keep in touch with 13.與…相處，進展

get along with 14.有很多共同點

have a lot in common 15.對…有影響

have an impact on 16.與某人建立親密友誼

form a close friendship with sb 17.增進友誼

promote friendship 18.增進了解

promote understanding 19.忍受，容忍

put up with 20.珍惜某人的情誼

treasure sb’s friendship 21.與…合作或一起工作

cooperate with 22.同甘共苦

share joys and sorrows 23.與某人分享

share sth with sb 24.保護…不受…傷害

protect…from… 25.在某人的幫助/鼓勵/支持下

with the help/encourage/support of sb

話題九：計劃與愿望

1.為了做某事

in order to do sth 2.學生會 the Students’ Union 3.制定計劃

make a plan 4.設(shè)立目標

set goals 5.實現(xiàn)目標

reach one’s goal 6.課外活動

after-school activities 7.打算做

intend to do 8.發(fā)表演說

deliver a speech 9.去野餐/燒烤

have a picnic/barbecue 10.在海邊郊游

have an outing at the seashore 11.舉行運動會

hold a sports meeting 12.舉行畢業(yè)典禮

hold the graduation ceremony 13.通知

make an announcement 14.為…做準備

get ready for 15.迎接挑戰(zhàn)

meet the challenge 16.做義務(wù)勞動

do voluntary labor 17.做兼職工作

take part-time jobs 18.參加社會實踐

take part in the social practice 19.想要做某事

feel like doing sth 20.下定決心做某事

be determined to do sth 21.寧愿做某事

would rather(not)do sth 22.報名參加比賽

sign up for a match 23.開闊眼界

broaden one’s horizons 24.三思而后行

Think twice before you do 25.偉大的抱負造就偉大的人

Great hopes make great man

話題十：節(jié)假日活動 1.春節(jié) the spring festival 2.端午節(jié)

the dragon boat festival 3.中秋節(jié)

the middle autumn festival 4.（某節(jié)）是在（某月某日）

fall on 5.紀念

in memory of 6.為紀念，向…表示敬意

in honor of 7.三天的假期

a three-day vacation 8.追溯到

date back to 9.遵守風俗

observe the customs 10.應(yīng)該做某事

be supposed to do sth 11.化妝打扮

dress up 12.用…裝飾… decorate sth with sth 13.去度假

go on holiday 14.慶祝節(jié)日

celebrate the festival 15.祝賀某人

congratulate(sb)on 16.放煙花

set off fireworks 17.表演節(jié)目

put on performances 18.走親訪友

visit relatives and friends 19.給小孩壓歲錢

give children lucky money 20.開某人的玩笑

play a joke on sb 21.對某人表示尊敬

show respect for sb 22.舉行龍舟賽

hold dragon boat races 23.吃粽子

eat rice dumplings 24.觀看升國旗

watch the national flag go up 25.和某人玩得開心

have fun with sb

話題十一：購物

1.免費

free for charge 2.去購物

go shopping 3.去逛商場/超市 go to the supermarket/mall 4.購物中心

shopping centre 5.舊貨店

second-hand stores 6.打折

make a discount 7.網(wǎng)上訂購

cyber ordering 8.網(wǎng)上購物

on-line shopping 9.假冒商品

fake products 10.質(zhì)量糟糕/優(yōu)異(的)poor/high quality 11.糟糕的服務(wù) poor service 12.團購

buy in group 13.包裝；包起來

wrap up 14.以現(xiàn)金支付

pay in cash 15.通過信用卡支付

pay by credit card 16.售空，賣完了

sold out 17.避免受騙

avoid being cheated 18.和某人砍價

bargain with sb 19.大甩賣

on sale 20.高效方便

effective and convenient 21.售貨員

shop assistant 22.上升/下降

go up/go down 23.降低價格

bring down the price 24.花多少錢買某物

spend money on sth 25.合計為300元

add up to 300 yuan

話題十二：飲食

1.高纖維/低脂肪 be rich in fiber/be low in fat 2.挑食

be particular about food 3.節(jié)食

go on diet 4.削減脂肪

cut down body fat 5.對身體有害

do harm to one’s health 6.吃垃圾食品/綠色食品

eat junk/green food 7.多吃新鮮蔬菜水果

eat more fresh fruits and vegetables 8.吃零食/快餐

eat snacks/fast food

9.食物中毒

food poisoning 10.保持均衡/健康的飲食

keep a balanced/healthy diet 11.保持健康

keep healthy 12.保持身材苗條

keep slim 13.減肥/增加體重

lose weight/put on weight 14.對…失去胃口

lose appetite for 15.使我們精力充沛

make us energetic 16.不吃早餐

skip breakfast 17.挨餓

suffer from starvation or hunger 18.餐桌禮儀

table manners 19.點菜

take an order 20.吸收營養(yǎng)

take in nutrition 21.外賣食品

take-away food 22.進行有規(guī)律的運動

take regular exercise 23.注重食品質(zhì)量

attach importance to food quality 24.更加注意你的飲食

pay more attention to your diet 25.養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習慣

develop healthy eating habits

話題十三：健康

1.感冒/發(fā)燒

catch a cold/have a fever 2.患流感

have the flu 3.流鼻涕

have a running nose 4.某個部位疼痛

have a pain in… 5.感覺虛弱/惡心feel weak/sick 6.感到緊張/沮喪

feel stressed/depressed 7.患上重病

suffer from a serious disease 8.進行體檢

have a body check 9.量體溫

take one’s temperature 10.吃藥

take the medicine 11.給某人做手術(shù)

have an operation on sb 12.實施急救

perform first aid 13.吸毒成癮

be addicted to drugs 14.染上…的習慣

get into the habit of 15.暴露在輻射環(huán)境下

be exposed to radiation 16.身心健康

mental and physical health 17.呼吸新鮮空氣

breathe fresh air

18.自我放松

relax oneself 19.減少/釋放壓力

reduce/release pressure 20.養(yǎng)成好生活習慣

form good living habits 21.勇敢地面對困難

face difficulties with courage 22.身體好/差

in good/poor health 23.熬夜/學習到深夜

stay up all night/study late into the night 24.醫(yī)療保險/護理

medical insurance/care 25.焦慮的負面影響

the negative effects of anxiety

話題十四：天氣

1.晴轉(zhuǎn)陰/陰轉(zhuǎn)雨 sunny then cloudy/cloudy then rainy 2.強陣雨

heavy showers 3.陽光燦爛的一天

a sunny day 4.天氣預(yù)報

weather forecast 5.降到零下八度

drop to five degree below zero 6.非常寒冷/炎熱

freezing cold/burning hot 7.遇上一場大雨

be caught in a heavy rain 8.傾盆大雨

rains cats an dogs 9.帶一把雨傘或雨衣

take an umbrella or raincoat 10.（房屋）倒塌

(building)fall down 11.（水電）被切斷

(water and power supplies)be cut off 12.延續(xù)長達一個月

last as long as over a month 13.在颶風中被毀壞

be destroyed in the hurricane 14.被冰雪覆蓋

be covered with ice and snow 15.在洪水/暴風雨中遇難

(people)be killed in the flood/storm 16.造成3人死亡和2人失蹤

cause 3 deaths and 2 missing 17.有200多人受傷/失蹤

with more than 200 people injured/missing 18.某物成為廢墟

sth be in ruins;fall into ruins 19.變得無家可歸

become homeless 20.造成巨大損失/經(jīng)濟損失

cause great damage/economic losses 21.派出救援隊

send out rescue teams 22.給某人捐款

donate/contribute money to sb 23.重建家園

rebuild one’s homeland 24.恢復(fù)正常

return to normal 25.防汛抗旱

flood control and drought relief

話題十五：文娛與體育

1.卡通人物

cartoon characters 2.愛情片/戰(zhàn)爭片/科幻片

love/war/science fiction films 3.民族/爵士/流行/搖滾/古典音樂

folk/jazz/pop/rock/classical music 4.樂器

musical instrument 5.電視節(jié)目/連續(xù)劇

TV programs/series 6.奧斯卡大獎

Oscar Awards 7.舉辦音樂會

give a concert 8.使某人高興

cheer sb up 9.為…鼓掌

applaud for 10.喜劇作家，導(dǎo)演和制片人

a comedy writer,director and producer 11.體育項目

sports event 12.運動員/主教練

competitor player/ athlete;chief coach 13.決賽/半決賽

finals/semifinals 14.主辦奧運會

host the Olympics 15.踢進一球

score a goal 16.憋住氣

hold one’s breath 17.深吸一口氣

take a deep breath 18.進行身體鍛煉

take physical exercise 19.爭奪金牌

compete for a gold medal 20.打破一項紀錄

beat/break a record 21.創(chuàng)新世界紀錄

set a new world record 22.獲得冠軍

win the championship 23.贏得一枚金牌/銀牌/銅牌

win a gold/silver/copper medal 24.贏得觀眾的掌聲

win the applause of the audience 25.為奧運會建造新的體育場

build a new stadium for the Olympic Games

話題十六：旅游和交通 1.旅行社

travel agency 2.旅游景點

tourist attraction

3.風景名勝

a place of interest 4.周游世界

travel round the world 5.太空旅游

space tourism 6.度假

be on holiday 7.去旅游

go on a trip 8.入?。灭^）/退房

check in/out 9.森林/沙漠探險（探索）explore a forest/desert 10.訂一張飛機票

book an airline ticket 11.將東西裝箱打包

pack sth up 12.為某人送行

see sb off 13.（了解）當?shù)匚幕?/p>

understand the local culture 14.欣賞大自然美景

enjoy/appreciate the beauties of nature 15.拓寬知識面/增長知識

broaden one’s knowledge;increase one’s world 16.更多地了解外面的世界

know more about the outside world 17.促進友誼和理解

promote friendship and understanding 18.騎車/騎馬

ride a bike/horse 19.坐公車/的士/飛機

take a bus/taxi/plane 20.扣好安全帶

fasten safety belt 21.遇上交通堵塞

be stuck in traffic jams 22.交通事故

traffic accidents 23.交通規(guī)則

traffic rules/regulations 24.走斑馬線

walk on the zebra crossing 25.等到綠燈

wait for the green light

話題十七：語言學校

1.培養(yǎng)對英語的興趣

develop one’s interest in English 2.如何記單詞

how to remember English words 3.擴大某人的詞匯量

enlarge one’s vocabulary 4.查詞典

look up a word in the dictionary 5.參加英語演講比賽

take part in the English speech contest 6.寫英語日記

keep a diary in English 7.養(yǎng)成閱讀習慣

form the habit of reading 8.每天練習英語口語

practice oral English every day

9.盡可能經(jīng)常使用英語

use English as often as possible 10.培養(yǎng)用英語思考的習

develop the habit of thinking in English 11.大膽而自信地說英語

speak English bravely and confidently 12.提高寫作能力/技巧

improve one’s writing ability/skills 13.（通過實踐）學會法語

pick up French 14.流利表達意思

express oneself fluently 15.強調(diào)語法學習

focus on learning grammar 16.有效的學習方法

effective learning methods 17.良好的學習態(tài)度

a good attitude to learning 18.精通英語

have a good command of English 19.更好地了解這兩種不同文化

have a better understanding of the two different cultures 20.就如何學好英語給我們提些建議

give us some advice on how to learn English 21.提高學習效率

improve the learning efficiency 22.作為國際交流的一種工具

as a tool of international communication 23.消除誤會

clear the air 24.我覺得記單詞很難

I feel it difficult to learn words by heart 25.對于A和B這兩者的區(qū)別我感到很迷惑

I am confused about the difference between A and B

話題十八：自然

1.植樹/砍伐樹木

plant trees/cut down trees 2.違背自然規(guī)律

go against nature 3.保護瀕臨滅絕的動物不被殺害

protect the endangered 4.處于危險之中

(be)in danger of extinction 5.嚴懲捕獵者

punish the hunters severely 6.保持/破壞生態(tài)平衡

keep/damage the balance of nature 7.創(chuàng)造良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境

create a pleasant ecological environment 8.和動物和諧相處

live in harmony with animals 9.致力于保護野生動物

devote oneself to protecting wildlife 10.喚醒人們保護野生動植物的意識

arouse people’ awareness of wildlife protection

11.采取有效措施保護珍稀動物

take effective measures to protect rare animals 12.（地震等）襲擊（某地）(earthquake)strike(sp)13.被沖走

be washed away 14.全部焚毀

burn to the ground 15.讓整個城市成為廢墟

leave the whole city in ruins 16.被困人員

the trapped people 17.困在廢墟中

be trapped in the ruins 18.面對各種困難

(be)faced with all kinds of difficulties 19.克服困難

overcome difficulties 20.受災(zāi)地區(qū)

stricken district 21.地震災(zāi)民

the earthquake victims 22.拯救受害人

rescue victims/sufferer 23.呼吁人們捐贈

call on people to make donations 24.對…伸出援助之手

give a helping hand to sb 25.從災(zāi)難中恢復(fù)過來

recover from the disaster

話題十九：世界與環(huán)境

1.改善生活

improve people’s life 2.改善居住條件

improve our living conditions 3.促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展

promote the economic development 4.以消耗資源為代價

at the price/cost of resource exhausting 5.往河里排放未經(jīng)處理的廢水

pour waste water into rivers without being treated 6.排放煙霧和有毒氣體

send out smoke and poisonous 7.水/噪音/空氣/白色污染

water/noise/air/white/ pollution 8.污染環(huán)境/空氣

pollute the environment/air 9.使得全球溫度上升

cause the global temperature to go up 10.全球變暖

global warming 11.溫室效應(yīng)

greenhouse effect 12.異常的氣候

abnormal climate quality of life 13.倡導(dǎo)綠色生活

advocate green life 14.提高生活質(zhì)量

improve the quality of life 15.提倡低碳生活

advocate a low-carbon lifestyle

16.對生態(tài)友好的產(chǎn)品

eco-friendly products 17.環(huán)保產(chǎn)品

environment-friendly products 18.生產(chǎn)或使用綠色產(chǎn)品 go green 19.開發(fā)可再生資源

develop renewable resources 20.采取行動

take action 21.改善環(huán)境

improve the environment

22.雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn)

spring up like mushrooms 23.發(fā)出惡臭

give off a bad smell 24.與污染作斗爭

fight against pollution 25.意識到環(huán)保的重要性

be aware of the importance of protecting environment

話題二十：科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù) 1.信息技術(shù)

IT 2.上網(wǎng)瀏覽信息

surf the Internet 3.用鼠標點擊

click on sth 4.從網(wǎng)絡(luò)下載信息

download information 5.成立了一個研究中心

set up a research center 6.進行一項研究

carry out a research 7.載人宇宙飛船

manned spaceship 8.發(fā)射人造衛(wèi)星

launch a satellite 9.實現(xiàn)某人的夢想

realize one’s dream 10.吸引某人的注意

catch/attract/draw sb’s attention 11.各種各樣高科技產(chǎn)品 a variety of high-tech products 12.先進的科學技術(shù)

advanced science and technology 13.改變某人的生活

change one’s life 14.提高人類的生活質(zhì)量

improve the quality of human life 15.趕上世界先進水平

catch up with the advanced world levels 16.有很大影響，有很大差別

make a great difference 17.使得生命有可能發(fā)展了

make it possible for life to develop 18.能使用

be accessible to

19.使某人能做某事 enable sb to do sth 20.在某方面起重要的作用

play an important role in 21.代替

take the place of

22.與…有關(guān)聯(lián)

be related/linked to 23.得益于；從…受益

benefit from 24.實現(xiàn)，成為現(xiàn)實

come true 25.隨著科技的迅速發(fā)展

with the rapid development of science and technology

話題二十一：熱點話題

1.保護生存環(huán)境

protect living environment 2.保護環(huán)境

protect the environment 3.保護生態(tài)環(huán)境

protect the ecological environment 4.提高人們的環(huán)保意識

raise people’s awareness of environment protection 5.愛護樹木花草 care for trees and plants 6.騎自行車上班

ride bicycles to work 7.課本/垃圾回收利用

recycle textbooks/trash 8.乘坐公共交通

take public transport 9.正確處理垃圾 deal with rubbish properly 10.節(jié)約能源/水

save energy/water 11.不隨地扔垃圾/吐痰

don’t litter/spit everywhere 12.分類垃圾

sort the garbage 13.禁止濫用塑料袋

ban abusing plastic bags 14.禁止在公共場合吸煙

ban smoking in public places 15.減少污染

reduce pollution 16.控制人口增長

control the population growth 17.降低青少年犯罪

lower the rate of teenage crime 18.智能手機

smart phone 19.深化改革

deepen reform 20.把…考慮進去

take sth into consideration 21.科學發(fā)展觀

the Scientific Outlook on Development 22.走中國特色社會主義道路

follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics 23.無法忽視這一事實

we cannot ignore the fact that… 24.不可否認

there is no denying the fact that 25.毫無疑問 there is no doubt that…

話題二十二：歷史與地理 1.文物

cultural objects 2.古跡，歷史遺跡

historical site 3.保護文化遺產(chǎn)

protect cultural relics 4.燦爛的歷史文化

the brilliant history and culture 5.了解我們的民族文化

learn about our national culture 6.民族自豪感

a sense of national pride 7.廢除奴隸制

abolish slavery 8.一代一代傳下來

be passed down/on form generation to generation 9.起源于

had its origins in 10.被描述成be described as 11.被公認是

be acknowledge as 12.被認為是

be considered(as/to be 13.據(jù)說是

be said to be 14.一位剪紙大師

a master of paper cutting 15.開始存在，產(chǎn)生 come into existence 16.掌權(quán)，上臺

come into power 17.具有悠久歷史的國家

a country with a long history

18.以其文明的歷史而著稱

be famous for its history of civilization 19.一個文明古國

a country with an ancient civilization 20.有豐富的自然資源和旅游資源

be rich in natural and tourism resources 21.學習中國歷史

study Chinese history 22.帶領(lǐng)某人參觀某地

show sb around 23.唐朝

Tang Dynasty 24.五四運動

the May Fourth Movement 25.前一年

the previous year

話題二十三：社會

1.弱勢群體

disadvantaged groups 2.穩(wěn)步增長

rise/grow steadily/the steady growth(of)

3.做好事

do a good deed 4.自愿做某事

volunteer to do sth.5.對…負責

be responsible for 6.工作經(jīng)驗

working experience 7.積極參加社會實踐

take an active part in the social practice 8.對…有影響

make a difference to 9.認為…是理所當然

take it for granted 10.與某人分享/共用

share…with sb 11.將某事歸功于某人

owe sth to sb 12.滿足需求

satisfy the needs of 13.自改革開放以來

since reform and opening-up 14.得出結(jié)論

draw a conclusion 15.勸他戒煙

advise him to give up smoking 16.做…有困難

have difficulty in doing sth 17.不遺余力做某事

spare no efforts to do sth 18.由…引起

result form 19.（想法或主意）被想到；某人想到（某主意）20.碰巧做某事

occur to sb 21.為社會作貢獻

make contributions to the society 22.調(diào)整自己以適應(yīng)新生活

adjust oneself to the new life 23.根據(jù)表格/曲線圖中所給的數(shù)字

according to the figures given by the table/graph 24.隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展

with the rapid development growh of economy 25.人們普遍認為

It is commonly believed/recognized that

話題二十四：文學與藝術(shù) 1.相聲

a cross talk 2.京劇

Beijing Opera 3.（書）出版

come out 4.根據(jù)，以…為基礎(chǔ)

be based on 5.以…為（故事發(fā)生的）背景

be set in 6.在…擔任主角

star in 7.作為…而著稱

be known as

8.在…受歡迎

be popular in 9.當代文學

contemporary literature 10.民間文學

folk literature 11.傳統(tǒng)的民間藝術(shù)

traditional folk art 12.藝術(shù)展覽

an art exhibition 13.我最喜歡的畫家

my favorite painter 14.寫了許多劇本/短篇小說

write many dramas/short stories 15.欣賞詩歌

appreciate poetry 16.寫了三篇散文

write 3 essays 17.從事文學創(chuàng)作

engage in literary creation 18.把小說改編為電影

adapt novels for movies 19.得到諾貝爾文學獎

gain the Nobel Prize in literature 20.沒有靈感

without inspiration 21.一部現(xiàn)實主義小說/一幅寫實畫

a realistic novel/drawing 22.抽象派藝術(shù)/畫家

a abstract art/painter 23.生動的描述

a vivid description 24.一位杰出的藝術(shù)家 an outstanding artist/a distinguished artist 25.某人的一部代表作 one of sb’s masterpieces