第一篇：高中英語定語從句與易混結(jié)構(gòu)的比較專題輔導(dǎo)

高中英語定語從句與易混結(jié)構(gòu)的比較

定語從句易與狀語從句、名詞性從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、并列句、非謂語動詞等結(jié)構(gòu)混淆，現(xiàn)結(jié)合近年各地高考試題分析如下：

一、與狀語從句的辨析

【真題1】All the neighbors admire this family ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.(2008安徽卷)A.why B.where C.which D.that 解析：B。本題為where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞this family，相當(dāng)于in which。

【真題2】His plan was such a good one ________ we all agreed to accept it.(2006陜西卷)A.so B.and C.that D.as 解析：C。本題考查定語從句與(結(jié)果)狀語從句的辨析，此處為such?that結(jié)構(gòu)。若從句中沒有it，則為定語從句，此時先行詞被such所修飾，關(guān)聯(lián)詞應(yīng)用as。

【真題3】There were dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.(2004全國卷II)A.where B.which C.when D.that 解析：A。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞。句意是“在她的褲子上擦過手的地方有臟痕”。

二、與名詞性從句的辨析

名詞性從句有主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，定語從句與這些從句都易混淆。

【真題4】________ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.(2008福建卷)A.It B.What C.As D.Which 解析：B。本題為主語從句，根據(jù)第二個is可知應(yīng)使用what，而不是it。該題涉及主語從句與定語從句的辨析，若去掉is that，則為定語從句，用as。

【真題5】Animals suffered at the hands of Man ________ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.(2008江西卷)A.in which B.for which C.so that D.in that 解析：D。該題涉及介詞后接賓語從句與“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)定語從句的辨析，解題關(guān)鍵看前面的名詞是否在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。本句主句中的animals或the hands或Man都不在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，故都不可能是先行詞。其實(shí)，in that是一個固定搭配，意為“因?yàn)椋捎?，??方面”。在這里in that起一個連詞的作用，不是上面提到的兩種中的任何一種情況，而是引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。

【真題6】The thought of going back home was ________ kept him happy while he was working abroad.(2007上海春季卷)A.that B.all that C.all what D.which 解析：B。該題涉及表語從句與定語從句的辨析。本題可使用all(that)或what填空，前者為定語從句，后者為表語從句。

【真題7】There's a feeling in me ________ we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever.(2002上海卷)

A.that B.which C.of which D.what 解析：A。該題涉及定語從句與同位語從句的辨析。本題為同位語從句，說明feeling的內(nèi)容，只能使用that。

三、與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的辨析

【真題8】——Where did you get to know her? ——It was on the farm ________ we worked.(2007山東卷)A.that B.there C.which D.where 解析：D。該題涉及到定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的辨析，完整的句子為：It was on the farm ________ we worked ________ I got to know her.第一空為定語從句。第二空為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。where在從句中作worked地點(diǎn)狀語，故選D。

【真題9】It was for this reason ________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.(2001上海春季卷)A.which B.why C.that D.how 解析：C。該題為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而非定語從句，故選C。辨析的關(guān)鍵：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以通過還原法將其還原，本句還原后為：Her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village for this reason.若將題干改為“Do you know the reason ________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village?”，則為定語從句，應(yīng)選why。

四、與并列句的辨析

【真題10】The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ________ didn't help.(2005年全國卷III)A.it B.she C.which D.he 解析：A。該題考查代詞的選用。根據(jù)并列連詞but可知該句為并列句，而非定語從句，可排除C，若無but則選C，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)句意，后一句主語為前一句整句的內(nèi)容，而非某個人，故選A。

【真題11】Last week，only two people came to look at the house，________ wanted to buy it，(2007年安徽卷)A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom 解析：D。此句為非限制性定語從句，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，不能使用人稱代詞，故可排除A和B。先行詞為only two people，none指三者以上，故選D。若句中使用分號或句號或有so／and／but／thus／or等連詞，則為并列句，應(yīng)使用人稱代詞指代上文中的人或事物。

五、與非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)的互換

有時，出于簡潔需要，定語從句可換用非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。例如：

【真題12】——Why does she always ask you for help? ——There is no one else ______.is there?(2005年北京卷)A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 解析：B。本題主要考查定語從句作定語與非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語的互換。本題可使用定語從句(whom／that)she can turn to或to whom she can turn，該結(jié)構(gòu)可簡化為不定式

結(jié)構(gòu)to whom to turn／for her to turn to，但A，C和D結(jié)構(gòu)上均有錯誤，故選B。

【鞏固練習(xí)】 1.He's got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.(2001上海卷)A.where B.which C.while D.why 2.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing.(2007天津卷)A.when B.whose C.which D.where 3.is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.(2004北京卷)A.It B.As C.That D.What 4.If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.(2005上海卷)A.that B.which C.when D.where 5.It was along the Mississippi River ________ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.(2008天津卷)A.how B.which C.that D.where 6.Hangzhou is the most beautiful city in our country, ________ there is the West Lake compared to a beauty.A.where B.that C.which D.on which 7.I attended the meeting ________ importance I did not realize at that time.A.whose B.of which C.which D.its 8.It has 1,100 officers, ________ later went into the rural areas to organize peasants.A.many of them B.many of whom C.much of whom D.many of which 9.Nearby were two boats ________ they had come to the island.A.where B.by which C.in which D.with which 10.This book is ________ I'm looking for.A.what B.that C.which D.one 11.It is a fact ________ he has made some progress.A.which B./ C.that D.all the above 12.________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.A.Which B.As C.That D.It 13.Henry set up a club for football fans, ________ he invited all his friends.A.to which B.to whom C.for whom D.from which 14.Can you think of some cases ________ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn't obey them?

A.why B.where C.as D.which 15.Barbara went to Paris a couple of years ago, by ________ time she had learned to dance and act in comedies.A.which B.that C.what D.whose 16.It is the city ________ you're going to pay a visit to ________ this kind of beer is produced.A.不填;that B.where;which C.不填;where D.that: which

參考答案：

1~5 ADBDC

6~10 AABCA 11~15 CBABA

16.A

第二篇：定語從句易錯題集錦

易錯題集錦

1.The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.A.which was B.it was C.which were D.them were

【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語。

【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一個由“介詞+which”引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains，around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was.請做以下類例題目（答案均為C）：

（1）Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.A.which is B.it is C.which are D.them are

（2）The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are

（3）Next month we'll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are

2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A.that B.which C.where D.what

【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語。

【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語法分析并不算錯，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？

3._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What

【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為此處應(yīng)填一個形式主語。

【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個非限制性定語從句。比較下面一題：

_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What

此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。

再比較下面一組題，其中第（1）題選 B，第（2）題選 D：

（1）______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which B.As C.That D.It

（2）______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which B.As C.That D.It

4.David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.A.that B.who C.as D.whom

【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查such...that...句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。

【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因?yàn)樵趕uch...that...（如此......以至......）結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such...that...，句末的動詞 like 缺賓語。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時 as 在定語從句中用作動詞 like 的賓語，句意為“所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩”。有的同學(xué)可能還會問，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時，其后的定語從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導(dǎo)，而不用that.比較下面一題，答案為A，因?yàn)?like 后有自己的賓語 him：

David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.A.that B.who C.as D.whom

請?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}（答案選D）：

It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.A.like B.that C.which D.as

5.The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.that B.it C.them D.which

【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses.【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語從句，修飾 the buses.類似地，以下各題也選D：

（1）His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A.that B.it C.them D.which

（2）Ashdown forest, through _______ we'll be driving, isn't a forest any longer.A.that B.it C.them D.which

（3）This I did at nine o'clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.A.that B.it C.them D.which

類似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them：

（4）George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A.that B.him C.them D.whom

（5）Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A.that B.who C.them D.whom

（6）I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.A.that B.who C.them D.whom

6.He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.A.whom B.them C.which D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students.【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語從句。假若在many of...的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B。比較以下各題（答案均選A）：

（1）He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.A.which B.them C.what D.that

（2）He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.A.them B.which C.what D.that

（3）He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A.whom B.them C.which D.who

（4）He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A.them B.whom C.which D.who

7.He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.A.whom B.them C.which D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭釉~ invited 并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動詞 were，則是一個非限制性定語從句，答案便應(yīng)選A.比較：

（1）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.that

答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 carried out 為過去分詞。

（2）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.that

答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個助動詞were.（3）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.A.which B.them C.what D.that

答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個并列句。

8.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that

【陷阱】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】最佳答案是A.與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭釉~ seated 不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因?yàn)?seat 作動詞用時，是及物動詞。比較以下相似題：

（1）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that

選B.whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)槠浜笥型暾闹^語 were seated.（2）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that

選A.因?yàn)榫渲杏胁⒘羞B詞and，整個句子為并列句。

（3）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that

選A.their parents sitting together joking 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

（4）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that

選B.whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語 sat.（5）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.A.their B.whose C.which D.that

選B.whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語 were sitting.9.If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.A.as B.which C.what D.that

【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號前是一個條件狀語從句，逗號后是該狀語從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which：

（1）If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.A.as B.which C.and it D.that

（2）If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.A.as B.which C.what D.that

（3）Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.A.that B.which C.and it D.so

（4）When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.A.as B.which C.what D.that

10.She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she's spent working as a secretary in our company.A.which B.when C.how D.where

【陷阱】容易誤選B，機(jī)械地認(rèn)為時間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點(diǎn)名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where.【分析】正確答案為A.在時間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動詞 spent 缺賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that.比較下面一題，由于空格后的句子不缺少主語或賓語，所以選關(guān)系副詞when：

She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.A.which B.when C.how D.where

請?jiān)僮鲆唤M試題（答案均選A）：

（1）Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.A.which B.when C.how D.where

選A，which 在定語從句中用作動詞 bought 的賓語。

（2）Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.A.which B.when C.how D.where

選A，which 在定語從句中用作主語。

（3）Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.A.where B.when C.that D.which

選A，where 在定語從句中用作狀語。

第三篇：高中英語定語從句詳解

高中英語定語從句詳解

◆英語諺語欣賞

1.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無成.2.It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下

3.He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘當(dāng)小綿羊，遲早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念：

(1)定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。

(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。(3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：

1)引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個連詞；

2)必在從句中作某個句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）常用的關(guān)系代詞: that、which、who、whom、whose、as 常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）: when、why、where The student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy(whom)you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定語從句三步： 第一找出先行詞；

第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）； 第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。

Ⅱ.幾個關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時，相當(dāng)于who或 whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句;不可置于介詞后作賓語)如： 1.A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語)2.Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3.You can take anything(that)you like.（賓語）

4.What is the question(that/which)they are talking about? 5.Here is the man(who/whom/that)you want to see.6.She's no longer the girl(that)she used to be before.（表語）7.Our hometown is no longer the one(that)it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.●which: 指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。如：

1.The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語）2.The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語）3.The factory in which his father works is far from here.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.（表語）

5.Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定語）6.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語;只可指人 whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語;只可指人

whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard.（主語）

All who heard the story were amazed.(代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor.（賓語）He's a man from whom we should learn.= He's a man(whom/who/that)we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）I'd like a room whose window faces south.（指物）=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come 1.關(guān)系代詞 whose，引導(dǎo)定語從句時，既可指人，又可指物，在從句中只能作定語；of whom 只能指人；of which 只能指物，有時 whose 可以與 of whom 和 of which 互換使用。如： The girl whose hair is golden is from England.頭發(fā)金色的那個女孩是英國人。

The house whose doors are green is an office building.門是綠色的那座房子是辦公樓。2.“介詞 + whose +名詞” 引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：

I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard.我愛我的祖國，為了她美好的未來我要努力工作。

3.在下列情況下，一般只用 of whom 和 of which。

(1)定語從句的主語是 few, little, some, most, many, much等時，一般只用of whom和of which。

In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know.房間里有很多人，很多人我不認(rèn)識。He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read.他有很多故事書，有幾本故事書我還從未看過。

(2)定語從句的主語是數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級時，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager.那個老人有三個小孩，其中兩個是大學(xué)生，另一個是經(jīng)理。

(3)定語從句的主語是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代詞時，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard.我們班有五十個學(xué)生，所有這五十個學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都刻苦。

He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well.去年他栽了兩棵樹，這兩棵樹都長得好。

(4)在定語從句中作表語的定語時，一般只用of whom和of which。如： He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one.它有三兄弟，李蕾是他們中最小的一個。

There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.亞洲有很多國家，中國是最大的一個。

關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語: 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時, 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動詞詞組的含義。關(guān)系代詞who 和 that 用作介詞賓語時, 介詞必須放在句末.）

關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動，三意義（重中之重）1.一先，即根據(jù)定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。I never forget the day on which I came to this school.(on the day)2.二動，即根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan.(spend money on sth.)3.三意義，即根據(jù)定語從句的意義來確定介詞。

This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book(that/which)you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person(whom/who/that)I shook hands with? The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after.(介詞after與look構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of, hear ofaboutfrom, care for, look forward, pay attention to, listen to等)●as 的用法:(as 引導(dǎo)定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)①如為限制性的，多用于the same …as;the same as；such …as …;as many/much as；so …as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

※I have the same book as you(have).我有一本和你的一樣的書。

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.(關(guān)系代詞as和指示代詞same連用, 在從句中用作表語, 先行詞是same.).---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?---I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in.I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定語從句）

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（結(jié)果狀語從句）

②如為非限制性的，多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為“正如，這一點(diǎn)”。（動詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.(as 作賓語)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health.（as 作主語）=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health.=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know.（as 作賓語）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.(賓語, 先行詞是前面整個句子)Ⅲ.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句: ●When 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞是表時間的名詞（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）

He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行詞為“時間名詞”，可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；還可以用which或that 引導(dǎo)，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。

比較: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作賓語）

Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.There are occasions when joking is not permissible.●Where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意：先行詞是“地點(diǎn)名詞”，定語從句可用where引導(dǎo)，還可用which或that引導(dǎo)，which/that 在從句中作主語或賓語。

比較: ※This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.（作狀語）

在高中的英語學(xué)習(xí)中，我們都知道，where在定語從句中用作關(guān)系副詞，作狀語，先行詞一般指地點(diǎn)。例如：

This is the farm where we worked when we were young.這就是我們年輕時候在此干活的農(nóng)場。

He met his wife in the park where they fell in love with each other.他是在這個公園遇到他的妻子，就是在那里，他們相愛了。

當(dāng)然，在實(shí)際的英語學(xué)習(xí)中，where在定語從句中的用法遠(yuǎn)不是這么簡單，相反，要復(fù)雜得多，為了讓學(xué)生對where在定語從句中的用法有更好的了解，下面我就對學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中的重難點(diǎn)問題談一談它的用法。

一、某些在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以與where 互換，where=in/at/on/...which 例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，并不是單純地讓學(xué)生知道where的這種用法就可以了，很多時候?qū)W生要掌握where和其他詞的用法的區(qū)別，才能更好地把握定語從句的用法。例如： This is the factory where/in which you worked last year.This is the factory that/which/you visited last year.在第一句中，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where或者in which，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句中worked 是個不及物動詞；而在第二句中，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做賓語，因此用that或which，還可以省略，visited是個及物動詞。學(xué)生有時還會碰到更復(fù)雜的情況。例如： Is this factory the one that/which/ you visited last year? Is this factory the one where/in which you lived last year? Is this the factory where/in which you lived last year? 這幾個句子比前面的兩個句子又復(fù)雜，除了要區(qū)別關(guān)系詞在定語句子作什么成分，還要注意到前兩個句子缺成分，所以要補(bǔ)充 the one。

二、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞

where引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況。如果定語從句修飾point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語時，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。為了幫助同學(xué)們熟悉這一語言現(xiàn)象，正確掌握這一知識點(diǎn)，對where定語從句修飾抽象名詞的用法作一歸納。

1)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞point You reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了藥物無法治療的地步。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我們到了必須改一改的地步。

注：有時point也可以是具體的地點(diǎn)：

The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1.事故發(fā)生在A15與M1交叉的十字路口。

2)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情況下，mighty一詞可用作副詞。

3)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些失聰?shù)某晒ξ璧秆輪T們認(rèn)為，舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過讓人聽的活動。4)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。

5)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。

6)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞job She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能將她的管理技能派上用場的工作。

當(dāng)然了，我們碰到這些詞作為先行詞時并不一定都用where，我們也要具體情況具體分析，他們只有在定語從句中作狀語時才用where。

例如：We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.A.which B.that C.where D.when---Do you have anything to say for yourself?---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on.A.why B.where C.how D./ 上面兩個句子雖然先行詞相同，都是point，但是由于他們在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌晕覀冊谶x擇關(guān)系詞時就要區(qū)別對待。第一個句子中關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語，所以選擇where關(guān)系副詞；第二個句子中關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做賓語，所以選擇關(guān)系代詞that，which或者不填，這樣第一題選擇C，第二題選擇D。

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.This is the park which/that they visited last year.（作賓語）

Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.●Why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時，可用for which指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如：

The reason why / for which /(that)he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.I don't believe the reason(that/which)he gave me.（作賓語）

Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success?（作主語）Ex.)He was late.That's because he got up late..He got up late.That's why he was late.(表語從句)

(the reason)why/for which he was late.(定語從句)當(dāng)先行詞為way時，定語從句常用that, in which,或不用引導(dǎo)。way后的定語從句 的引導(dǎo)詞不用時較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如: This is the way(that)/in which I do such things.比較: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.Ⅳ.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別： 1.形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號隔開。2.語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that.3.語義上，限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個定語從句，整個句子就不完整或者會改變意思；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best.這就是我最喜歡的那本書。

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.北京是中國八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4.翻譯時，限制性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。（見上句翻譯）

比較: He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時用who, whom, whose , 指物時用which , whose;關(guān)系副詞when，where, why, etc.1.He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2.Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3.They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.Ⅴ.幾個易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較: ●that & which: 在定語從句中，which 和that 在指代事物時，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.①先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people.2.There's nothing that can be said about it.3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? ②先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時。1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.The last place(that)we visited was the chemical works.You can take any(=whichever)seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.③先行詞是序數(shù)詞時或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.④先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.⑤先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時宜用that.如： 1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.⑥被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時.1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.⑦如果有兩個從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which ,另一個關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑧疑問詞是who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)。1.Which is the book that you like best? 2.Who is the man that is standing at the gate? ⑨主句是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞.如： 1.There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑩被修飾成分為表語時，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.1.That's a good book that will help you a lot.2.My home village is no longer the place(that)it used to be.定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況: ①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時.1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr.White lives? ②在非限制性定語從句中.1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died.2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.(which指代主句)③在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that, 另一個宜用which.1.Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2.At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.④當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時.1.Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑤先行詞本身是that, 宜用which.What's that which she is looking at? ⑥先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B)who & that: who 和 that 指代人時，有些情況宜用who, 而不宜用that

①先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時.如： 1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who(=Whoever)failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 4.I don't like the ones(= those)who talk big.5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.②在There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who 指代人.如： 1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you.2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.③當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語時.如：

1.I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.④一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that ,另一個則宜用who, 以免重復(fù).如：

1.The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的異同

一、相同點(diǎn)

兩者引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，可指代主句中的部分或整個句子的內(nèi)容，在從句中做主語，賓語或表語，位于主句之后有時可互換。

The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.二、不同點(diǎn)

1.as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性從句只能位于主句之后。

As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.Air, as we know, is gas.2.在非限制性從句中，which后的be動詞不可??；as而后的be動詞可以省略。She told me she won the match, which was a lie.The material is elastic, as(was)shown in the figure.3.which在非限制性定語從句做主語時可用各類動詞做謂語；而as做主語時，謂語常用系動詞，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行為動詞。He saw the girl, which delighted him.He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.4.as常用“正如”含義，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有as we know（眾所周知）；as often happens（正如常發(fā)生的那樣）；as is often the case（情況常常如此）;as we all can see（正如我們看到的）;be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/ reported等。這些結(jié)構(gòu)常放句首，偶爾也可以放句中或句末。As is known to all, China is a developing country.Kate was late for school, as often happened.5.在非限制性定語從句中which指代主句中某一個單詞時，as不可以。My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital.6.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（介賓代物）”中關(guān)系代詞只能用which。

The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.7.從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，常用which。He can write a letter in English, which I can not.Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not 8.在非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞代表前面主句中的賓語從句時，常用which He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞省略與保留

我們知道，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略，但也有幾種特殊情況，關(guān)系代詞不用作賓語也可以省略，同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)和使用時請注意。

在下列情況下,引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞可以省略。

一、that在定語從句中作表語時。例如:

She is all(that)a teacher should be.她具備一個老師應(yīng)該具備的所有條件。

二、that在從句中作補(bǔ)語時。例如:

I'm not the fool(that)you thought me.我不是你以前所認(rèn)為的那個傻子了。

He is the nicest teacher(that)the students consider him in their school.他就是學(xué)生認(rèn)為學(xué)校中最好的那個老師。

三、作狀語時的省略。

1.當(dāng)先行詞是reason,且在定語從句中作原因狀語時,可以用關(guān)系副詞why或關(guān)系代詞that,也可以省略。例如:

The reason(why/that)he failed was his laziness.他失敗的原因是因?yàn)樗麘卸琛?/p>

That is the reason I did it.那就是我做那件事的原因。

2.當(dāng)先行詞是way,且在定語從句中作方式狀語時,關(guān)聯(lián)詞可用in which或that,也可以省略。例如:

The way(in which/ that)these comrades look at problems is wrong.這些同志看待問題的方式是錯誤的。

That was the way(in which / that)she worked the problem out.她就是用那種辦法解決問題的。

3.當(dāng)先行詞是time時,關(guān)聯(lián)詞可用when, that或省略。例如:

The second time(that)I saw him was in 2000.我第二次見到他是在2000年。

I don't know the exact time(when/ that)the sports meeting will take place.我不知道運(yùn)動會舉辦的確切時間。

4.當(dāng)先行詞是place時,關(guān)聯(lián)詞可用where,that或省略。例如:

The place(where/ that)we will have our picnic is not decided yet.我們舉行野餐的地點(diǎn)還沒定下來。

This is the right place he was born.這兒就是他的出生地。(注意:句末不可用介詞in)

同學(xué)們往往認(rèn)為關(guān)系代詞作賓語時就一定可以省略,其實(shí)不然.在下列四種情況下,關(guān)系代詞雖作賓語,卻不能省略。

一、在介詞+whom /which結(jié)構(gòu)中, whom, which不能省略。例如:

Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?你知道附近有可以買到花的商店嗎?

That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.剛才和我爸爸交談的那個人是校長。

二、在非限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如:

Mr Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school.格林先生是我們學(xué)校里最高的,你也認(rèn)識他。

The elephant is like a spear, as anyone can see.大象像長矛,任何人都知道。

三、在the same...as, such...as, as...as, the same...that結(jié)構(gòu)中, as, that 即使作賓語,也不能省略。例如:

I have bought the same bike as you(have).(指同類用as)我買了一輛和你的一樣的自行車。

This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday.這就是我前天讀過的那本書。(關(guān)系代詞that如要換成as, 則指與我讀的書一樣,而不是同一本。)

四、當(dāng)and, but, or等連詞連接兩個或兩個以上的定語從句修飾一個先行詞時,關(guān)系代詞第一個可省略,第二、第三個等不可省略。例如:

This is the book(which)I read yesterday and which I found very interesting.這就是我昨天讀的那本書,它很有趣。

You have many people around you(whom)you always turn to and whom you will never forget.你身邊有很多人,你經(jīng)常向他們求助,你永遠(yuǎn)不要忘記他們。

第四篇：高中英語定語從句說課稿

高中英語定語從句說課稿

本節(jié)說課的內(nèi)容是三年制高級中學(xué)英語語法定語從句。

一、分析教材

1、教材內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

第一、定語從句的概念 第二、定語從句的分類 第三、定語從句的用法

2、教材的地位和作用：

定語從句是高中英語教學(xué)中的一個非常重要的語法，也是高考的一個熱點(diǎn)。在英語里，定語從句可以使一個繁瑣的句子變得非常簡潔，同時，它在人們?nèi)粘捴谐霈F(xiàn)的頻率特別高。定語從句掌握地扎實(shí)與否關(guān)系到一個學(xué)生英語水平的高低。因此，定語從句的學(xué)習(xí)和掌握在英語學(xué)習(xí)中有著重要的意義。

3、教學(xué)目的

根據(jù)教學(xué)大綱的要求，通過這一節(jié)課的教學(xué)，要使學(xué)生知道什么是定語從句和定語從句的分類，掌握定語從句的用法。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察能力、分析概括能力以及演繹推理能力等。還要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生探索求真知的精神，對學(xué)生進(jìn)行實(shí)踐觀點(diǎn)的教育。

4、教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

定語從句是本課的主要內(nèi)容，與日常英語的應(yīng)用密切聯(lián)系，所以定語從句的概念與運(yùn)用是本節(jié)課的一個重點(diǎn)。對定語從句的復(fù)習(xí)，需要綜合應(yīng)用所學(xué)知識來解決原來的遺留問題，因而對句子分析和推理概括能力要求提高了。而高中生側(cè)重于對直觀現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行具體、形象的思維來獲得知識。因此這個知識點(diǎn)既是本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)又是難點(diǎn)。

培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的多種能力也是這節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)，這是素質(zhì)教育對現(xiàn)代教學(xué)的要求。

二、分析學(xué)生

大多數(shù)學(xué)生上進(jìn)心強(qiáng)，學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度端正，有良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，但是缺乏一定的探索研究問題的能力。

定語從句是學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中比較常用的語法，也是他們必須掌握的內(nèi)容。教學(xué)中要注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對英語的興趣，充分發(fā)揮主體作用，迎合他們好奇、好動、好強(qiáng)的心理特點(diǎn)，調(diào)動他們學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和主動性。

高中生的思維方式由形象思維向抽象思維過渡，因此在教學(xué)中應(yīng)注意積極引導(dǎo)學(xué)生應(yīng)用已掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識，通過理論分析和推理判斷來獲得新知識，發(fā)展抽象思維能力。當(dāng)然在此過程中仍需以一些感性認(rèn)識作為依托，可以借助多媒體設(shè)備加強(qiáng)直觀性和形象性，以便學(xué)生理解和掌握。

三、教學(xué)方法

這節(jié)課可綜合應(yīng)用提問、歸納、介紹、檢查、講授和討論等多種形式的教學(xué)方法，提高課堂效率，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對英語的興趣，激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲望。充分體現(xiàn)以教師為主導(dǎo)，以學(xué)生為主體的原則。創(chuàng)設(shè)英語情境讓學(xué)生參與語言實(shí)踐，邊動口邊思考。從語言分析總結(jié)出結(jié)論以調(diào)動學(xué)生的積極性。

四、教學(xué)程序

教學(xué)中要以了解、學(xué)習(xí)研究英語的方法為基礎(chǔ)，掌握知識為中心，培養(yǎng)能力為方向，緊抓重點(diǎn)突破難點(diǎn)，具體設(shè)計(jì)如下：

1、新課導(dǎo)入：

以創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境導(dǎo)入新課。學(xué)源于思，思源于疑，一上課便以聽歌曲填空的形式引入課題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析歌詞中的有關(guān)定語從句的句子，認(rèn)真分析句子成分，使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的求知欲和好奇心，調(diào)動學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和主動性。

2、講授新課：

任何語言學(xué)習(xí)都離不開語言實(shí)踐。這節(jié)課主要采用講授歸納的方法來建立定語從句的概念。我將一個定語從句列在投影上，讓學(xué)生分析這個句子的成分，從而導(dǎo)出兩個非常重要的內(nèi)容----先行詞和關(guān)系詞，然后逐一解釋。通過分析例句，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的分析能力、觀察能力，增強(qiáng)了他們的感性認(rèn)識。為了使學(xué)生能對定語從句有更進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識，這里我又采用提問的方法讓學(xué)生說出定語從句的分類，然后我對其進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步地解釋和說明，讓學(xué)生通過講解概括，總結(jié)出定語從句的分類。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我讓同學(xué)們回答出定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞有哪些，通過一些簡單的例句，讓學(xué)生知道每一個代詞在句子中起什么作用以及用法。在講解關(guān)系代詞與介詞時，我讓學(xué)生自己歸納出它們的規(guī)律，提高學(xué)生的概括能力，從而達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)的目的。在講解關(guān)系詞that和which、who和that、as和which這一環(huán)節(jié)時，我先讓學(xué)說出它們的特殊用法，然后我再進(jìn)一步加以闡述。從而，引出它們的特殊用法。

一、that和which的特殊用法：

1、有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which。

a、從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時,只能用that引導(dǎo)從句。

b、先行詞是all,something,nothing,anything等不定 代詞時,只能用that。c、先行詞既有人也有物時,只用that引出從句。d、先行詞是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all, any, only, just, very作修

飾時，只能用that。e、當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞 who或which時，只能用that。

2、定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that的情況。

a、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時。b、在非限制性定語從句中。

c、在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that，另一個宜用which。

二、who和that的特殊用法：

who、that在許多情況下可以通用，但有時宜用who不用that。a、先行詞是one(s),anyone,someone, those時，關(guān)系詞使用who。b、在there be 句型中，先行詞指人時，關(guān)系詞用who。

三、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別

as和which所代表的都是整個句子所表示的內(nèi)容,但是二者有兩點(diǎn)不同之處：

a、在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句可位于主句后面,也可位于主句之前；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句的前面。

b、在意義上，as定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如……”，“就象……”，而which定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which從句是對主句的評論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時候不能代替which。

針對關(guān)系副詞的復(fù)習(xí)，因其難度不大，我直接采用講解法，學(xué)生容易理解。關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有數(shù)種作用。a、在從句中代替先行詞。b、在句中作狀語。

c、連接作用，把兩個句子連接成為一個帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句。

同時，在解釋的過程中不斷穿插練習(xí)，達(dá)到鞏固復(fù)習(xí)的目的,體現(xiàn)精講精練的教學(xué)原則和我校提出的“四轉(zhuǎn)五讓”原則。

3、反饋和鞏固

在講解完所有語法點(diǎn)之后，為了更加有效地鞏固所復(fù)習(xí)的知識，我設(shè)計(jì)了兩種有針對性的習(xí)題練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生把掌握的知識運(yùn)用于實(shí)際語言操作中，從而達(dá)到知能并重的目的。

4、小結(jié)

最后通過小結(jié)，以表格的形式把本節(jié)課所復(fù)習(xí)的語法點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

5、板書設(shè)計(jì) GRAMMAR Attributive Clause

6、布置作業(yè)

Finish off the exercise paper.

第五篇：高中英語-定語從句講解及練習(xí)

定語從句

定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語

1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。

定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分，相當(dāng)于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句．

２ 定語

（一）限定性定語從句

1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置

2.which作賓語時，根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟

3.代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時等，這時的that常被省略

4.who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語

5.where是關(guān)系副詞，用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句

6.when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間［注］值得一提的是，表示時間“time“一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導(dǎo)的從句可以修飾人和物, 當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾物體時, 可以與 of which 調(diào)換,表達(dá)的意思一樣.8.當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導(dǎo)

There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.這里有人要和你說話。

（二）非限定性定語從句

非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1.which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分

2.當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

3.非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。

4.有時as也可用作關(guān)系代詞

5.在非限定性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系副詞why和關(guān)系代詞that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.；

（三）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.who指人，在從句中做主語

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。

(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend

3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略

(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.如果在從句中做賓語,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.如果是在從句中作主語就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.4.that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。

在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。

(5)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

（四）注意

介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時

從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)

(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked about.(6)We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)

(2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)

2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose

(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)

(2)The man with that you talked is my friend.(F)

(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)

(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)

3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞

(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語

(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.2.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語

(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語

(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換

(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.（六）判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞；而及物動詞后接賓語，則要求用關(guān)系代詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判斷改錯（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）

（錯）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（對）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one答案：

例1 D，例2 A

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語)。

（七）介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的”介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和why 互換。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

（九）as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。

which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it

答案B.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

(1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2）as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。

在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。

As 的用法例

1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。

I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is knew, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；

例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。

（十）關(guān)系代詞that 的用法

(1)不用that的情況

(a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。

(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介詞后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。

(c)先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時，只用that。

(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.(e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。

(f)先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時．

(g)為了避免重復(fù)．

(h)先行詞是the way時

舉例：

Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?

這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？

Who that break the window should be punished．

誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰．

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。

（十一）難點(diǎn)分析

（一）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況

1．當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時

(1)Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?

(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little that I can do for you.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾

(1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時

(1)This is the best film that I have seen.4.當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時

(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，(2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？

5.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時

(1)Who is the man that is standing there?

(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時

(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：

1．As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。

(1)He married her, as/which was natural.(2)He was honest, as/which we can see.2.as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1)As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3)John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which

(5)Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.當(dāng)先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as

(1)I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2)He is not such a fool as he looks.(3)This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同

(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。

(5)She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。

(三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。

(1)The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四)but有時也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句

(1)There are very few but understand his idea.(but= who don’t)

(五)區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句

1．定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；

同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說明的關(guān)系

(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定語從句

(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位語從句

2．定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時可以省略；

同位語從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；

句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分

(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定語

(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3.同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以

(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位語

(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.18.定語從句

定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有： when, where, why等。

18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）

2)Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3）which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語）

［定語從句］介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的”介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club？