第一篇:英語科技文獻閱讀翻譯(劉志偉)Preview unit8 textb
The framework of this passage.First.Targeting Sequences May Prove Key to Successful Gene Medicine.One part is about the traditional gene therapy:compensates for a faulty gene by adding working copies of it to cells;and the other part is refer to a different approach:correct the mutation in the original,disease-causing gene.Second.Find and Replace.First,it tells us about a method to patch up the defective gene or the mutation of gene sequence.And then,we can get a new technology to tackle HIV,which introduce a defect into a gene in immune cells.Tailor-Made.This part mainly talks about that scientists have begun to tailor enzymes which can snip DNA at a particular spot and hugely bump up the rate of recombination.But there is still exist some potential pitfalls need to solve.Vocabulary and phrase.1.trigger has the same meaning to give rise to in this passage.2.Sever:a.set or keep apart b.cut off from a whole.It has a similar form to the word “severe”,which means(a.intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality b.very strong or vigorous c.severely simple d.unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment and so on.)
Questions:
1.Why in this passage use destroy to mean the change of cells?
2.This text just translate tailor into make for specific purpose,does it lose some potential meanings?
第二篇:英語文獻翻譯
文章1: 題目:
集成的人機交互的發(fā)展到系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期的方法
Abstract:
將人機交互(HCI)的角度來看,系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期(SDLC)是必要的信息系統(tǒng)(IS)的成功,反過來,企業(yè)的成功。然而,現(xiàn)代的軟件開發(fā)生命周期模型是基于組織的需求比人類的需要。信息系統(tǒng)的人機交互方面通常被認為是太?。ㄖ挥衅聊唤缑妫谔淼陌l(fā)展過程(僅在設計階段)。因此,往往一個缺口的表達。moreists滿足組織的需求和支持和豐富人類用戶之間的。這個問題可以通過仔細整合人機交互的發(fā)展為軟件開發(fā)生命周期過程中實現(xiàn)真正的以人為本的開發(fā)方法。本文探討了人機交互系統(tǒng)開發(fā)中的作用,證明考慮人機交互貫穿整個軟件開發(fā)生命周期的重要性,提出了一種方法,以人為中心的發(fā)展,并演示了如何應用這種方法來發(fā)展以人為中心的信息系統(tǒng)。
Keyword:系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期(SDLC);信息系統(tǒng);信息系統(tǒng)中人的因素(發(fā)布);人機交互(HCI);信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)方法;以用戶為中心的設計;以人為中心的系統(tǒng)開發(fā)
文章2: 題目
對影響敏感的多人–計算機相互作用
要認識到一個人的情感狀態(tài)是COM的溝通與情緒智力的核心能力。情感intelligenceisafacetofhumanintelligencethathasbeenarguedtobe不可缺少的也許是最重要的成功的跨-個人的社會互動。本文認為,新一代人機交互(HCI)的設計需要包括情商來識別用戶的情感狀態(tài),為了更加哼……能力的本質(zhì)morean一樣,更多的有效性,并更有效。情感的激發(fā)調(diào)節(jié)所有非言語communicativecues(面部表情,架,和聲樂生理反應)。在面對面的互動,人類探測和解釋這些互動的信號有很少或沒有努力,他們的溝通。然而,一個自動化系統(tǒng),完成這些任務的設計和開發(fā)是比較困難的。本文調(diào)查了過去的工作由計算機在解決這些問題,并提供了一系列建議,為開發(fā)智能多模態(tài)人機交互的用戶的非語言情感反饋個性化自動分析儀的第一部分。
Keyword:
情感計算;人機交互(HCI);情感狀態(tài);非言語交際線索的自動分析;多模態(tài)人機交互的個性化人機交互。
文章3:
題目:人機交互:跨學科的根和趨勢
Abstract:方法,理論,在人機交互(HCI)領(lǐng)域的實踐都產(chǎn)生互動的軟件,可以用來操作,能有效,安全目標,并滿意。人機交互是跨學科和多學科的行為在其根。人機交互的核心概念是可用性,使用加有用緩解。實現(xiàn)了良好的可用性,需要注意兩個產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展過程中,特別是對用戶的交互設計,應服務……莫里作為用戶界面的軟件組件的要求。本文回顧了一些建模支持人機交互的實踐理論,開發(fā)生命周期的活動,和很多的實踐,構(gòu)成` `可用性工程”。興趣在HCI的未來應用領(lǐng)域包括新的交互方式,虛擬環(huán)境,萬維網(wǎng),信息可視化,和可穿戴計算。
Keyword:
發(fā)展的過程;用戶交互;萬維網(wǎng);互動系統(tǒng);理論與實踐;人為因素;應用領(lǐng)域;軟件構(gòu)件;弗吉尼亞理工大學;可用性工程;認知心理學;交互方式;人類±計算機;良好的可用性
文章4:
題目:人機交互的方法訓練的交通控制 Abstract:
在瑞典,列車已經(jīng)在過去的幾年中增加和今天的任何時候都高。同時為提高正點率和更好的可預測性要求越來越高。是否有可能提高準時,從而可能利用基礎設施資源更優(yōu)化的控制列車交通提供改進的系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn),這將是一個非常有效的方法提高列車。本文研究的一個主要目標,對我morenvestigate如何,從人機交互的角度,系統(tǒng)可以被設計來更好的支持人的能力和能力的一個有效途徑火車交通控制。對復雜系統(tǒng)的控制人類早期的研究有助于這方面的工作。本研究的一個重要組成部分,是獲取知識的邊緣有火車調(diào)度執(zhí)行他們今天的工作和困難的關(guān)系。研究了以用戶為中心的方法。在密切合作運行的火車交通專業(yè)人士探討和發(fā)展的解決和改善情況自項目開始于1996建議的控制新策略,解決這樣一個系統(tǒng)的設計已被開發(fā)和一定程度的評價。瑞典國家鐵路管理局(國家鐵路局)正計劃建立基于控制的策略和思路從這個研究項目的操作控制系統(tǒng)。
Keyword:同一時間;人機交互;交通控制;烏普薩拉大學;人機交互劃分;部門;列車控制;有效途徑;列車控制;控制復雜;列車調(diào)度員 文章5:
題目:在人機交互說話口頭語預測
Abstract:本研究的特點自然說話disfluencies典型的人機交互,并給出了其發(fā)生的一個預測模型會計。數(shù)據(jù)在三個實證研究中人們說或者寫一個高度互動的模擬系統(tǒng)為他們完成業(yè)務交易的收集。研究涉及的學科內(nèi)的析因設計的輸入方式和格式是不同的??谡Z不流利的人機接口速率在……moreraction被證明是大大低于率通常觀察到的類似人類的演講中。兩個獨立的因素,增加與規(guī)劃的要求,是高等disifuency率顯著相關(guān):(我)長度的話語;和(2)在演示文稿格式缺乏結(jié)構(gòu)。回歸技術(shù)證明了線性模型基于簡單的發(fā)音長度占了在說話disfluencies 77%變異。因此,設計方法,能夠指導用戶講話簡短的句子要消除說話disfluencies大多數(shù)潛在的。在這項研究中,例如,一個結(jié)構(gòu)化的表示格式成功地消除了6O 70%的不流利的講話。本研究的長期目標是提供強大的語言技術(shù)設計經(jīng)驗的指導。Keyword:工程俄勒岡;人機交互;呈現(xiàn)方式;預測說話disfluencies;工藝盒 文章6:
題目:教學交互:第一次的經(jīng)驗
Abstract:人機交互是在哥斯達黎加大學最近的紀律。在本文中,我們提出的第一個學年關(guān)于人類-計算機交互的先修課程的經(jīng)驗,本科和碩士課程,設計和教。HCI課程介紹戰(zhàn)略包括兩個步驟:1)啟動一個專門的本科課程在第一學期,和2)啟動一個專門的碩士課程中的第二個任期,同時發(fā)展。moreaught與本科課程。課程大綱都分享。然而,由于差異的本科生和研究生的學生在本科和碩士課程的差異,評價方法的實施,導致更多的任務和研究生水平較高的緊迫性。在教室里的工作是為每個不同的課程,因為研究生可以建立自己的知識的基礎上以前的工作經(jīng)驗和思想的交流與其他學生。在本科和碩士課程,強調(diào)的是實踐的理論支持。
Keyword
人機交互;人機互動教學
文章7:
題目:人機交互
Abstract:人機交互是通過物理或心理互動確立人與計算機之間的關(guān)系的過程。在這里,我們總結(jié)了人機交互的基礎上,與歷史的互動形式與產(chǎn)品設計。后來的人機交互的不同方面進行了應用,如人機交互通過逼真的人臉模型,人臉識別技術(shù)的人機交互界面,遠程教育和人機交互。USI……moreng人工智能系統(tǒng),我們可以把所有這些方面,提供了一個先進的人機交互,計算機或機器人能夠識別人臉的學習和掌握自己的情緒反應,通過面部模型,連接到不同的世界大學通過遠程教育和幫助社會中通過學生福利改進盡可能的。
Keyword:人機交互;人臉模型;人機交互;遠程教育;產(chǎn)品設計;智能
文章8:
題目:提供用戶模型直接訪問接口:一個簡單的界面和交互影響的HRI的探索性研究 Abstract:
用戶模型的方式來理解和提高計算機接口的可用性。我們在這里提出的ACT-R認知建模語言的一個公開的駕駛模擬一個簡單的模擬機器人接口交互模型。該模型通過將位圖的解析的新用途未修改的Java接口進行交互。該模型的結(jié)構(gòu)開始描述知識的人為操作的機器人必須具備的。該模型還表明某些方面……更多的任務將為運營商很難。例如,該模型的性能進行定量的預測機器人的速度會如何影響導航的質(zhì)量,以及相關(guān)的人的行為。而模型并不能涵蓋所有的人機交互方面,它說明了如何提供用戶模型通過位圖訪問接口可以導致更準確和更廣泛的適用模型的用戶。
Keyword:圖形用戶界面;人機交互;圖像處理;人機交互;遙操作;用戶建模;用戶接口的人為因素
文章9:
題目:公共服務的設計標準 Abstract:
本文的重點是對公共服務的設計標準。本文挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)的列表的可用性標準的設計和評估的IT系統(tǒng)支持。傳統(tǒng)的標準在人機交互領(lǐng)域內(nèi)被認為是太有限,擴大鑒于通信和業(yè)務過程提出。這擴展的視野內(nèi),現(xiàn)有的可用性標準被認為是重要的但不是充分的?;谶@一要求,標準也支持系統(tǒng)提出了moreation和企業(yè)的行動…。該標準是關(guān)于發(fā)展的實證研究產(chǎn)生的電子服務。這種服務的目的是支持企業(yè)之間的溝通和市當公司將獲得經(jīng)營許可。分析在這種情況下,通信的需要已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生的設計和評價標準,為特定利益互補。標準生成的例子有:用戶成為有良好的條件(感知,理解和信息支持),區(qū)分信息和表演之間的部分,提供元信息(目的和內(nèi)容)。
Keyword:可用性;人機交互;電子政務;電子商務;電子政務;電子商務;人機交互(HCI);可用性
文章10:
題目:人機交互作為一門工程學科:是或不是!?
Abstract:在新興的跨學科領(lǐng)域的人機交互的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一(HCI)是一個研究的線,可以使驗證設計知識交互系統(tǒng)的設計,預測能力發(fā)展的規(guī)范。基于三種不同的元素交互系統(tǒng)的設計方法:(1)人(的),(2)技術(shù)人工制品(S),和(3)的情況下使用,不同的學科有不同的研究范式,這……更多新領(lǐng)域:具有強烈的社會經(jīng)驗和實驗方法科學,工業(yè)設計和交互設計與藝術(shù)設計的高度重視,和工程學科具有較強的技術(shù)和正式的AP的方法。本項目提出了建議,并結(jié)合不同的研究和基于三角網(wǎng)的設計范式的優(yōu)勢的一種可能的方式,我們認為人機交互作為一門工程學科。
Keyword:
人機交互;研究議程的設計范式;三角剖分;
第三篇:科技英語閱讀翻譯
Before any evidence can be introduced in support of the topic at hand, the definition of invention must be established.Legally, an invention is a new, useful, and non-obvious process, machine, or product.Maurice Fabre, author of A History of Land
Transportation(1963), offered an interesting take on the automobile and its inventor.“who, for that matter ,can say who invented the automobile? Was it Cugnot with his lumbering 'fardier' of 1769? Was it Trevithick with his steam carriage of 1801, or Benz or Daimler with their first successful internal combustion gasoline engine cars of 1886?It depends what you mean by an automobile.” in the year 2001, what do we consider the automobile to be ? I invite the reader to take a minute to look out the window.I see a street lined with cars.Many of these cars possess similar shapes and sizes.In fact, some of them are the same make and model, only different colors.What does this tell us about the modern automobile? The modern automobile is not a single vehicle;it is a collection of millions of cars designed for utilization by a mass market.In fact, we could argue that the modern automobile is a giant technological system that entails a way of life.Entire economies depend on this automobile.Engineers design the components, machinists manufacture the components, assemblers assemble the components into complete systems, truck drivers deliver the assembled product, and salesmen sell the product to the masses.This brief description does not even account for the office
workers who handle logistics and maintain financial accounts, or the separate companies that mine raw materials or design and manufacture the needed machine tools.What would the economy of the United States be like without the modern automobile?
Obviously, the modern automobile and self propelled vehicle are necessarily the same.翻譯:在任何證據(jù)被介紹來支持這個主題以前,必須建立發(fā)明的定義。從法律意義上來說,一項發(fā)明是一個新的、有用的創(chuàng)造性工藝、機器、或產(chǎn)品。Maurice Fabre的《陸運的歷史》(1963)提供了一個有趣的汽車和其發(fā)明者?!瓣P(guān)于那件事,誰可以說是誰發(fā)明了汽車嗎?是1769年笨拙的柯諾特嗎? 這是1801年特里維西克他的蒸汽運輸車,或奔馳或戴姆勒的首次成功或1886年克萊斯勒的內(nèi)部燃燒汽油引擎的汽車嗎?那要看你怎么說一輛汽車。“在2001年,我們認為什么是汽車呢?我請讀者花一分鐘的時間往窗外看。我看到了街兩旁的汽車。這些汽車具有相似的形狀和大小。事實上,他們中的一些是相同的廠牌和型號,只是不同的顏色。這個是在告訴我們什么是關(guān)于現(xiàn)代的汽車嗎?現(xiàn)代汽車不是單獨的車輛,它是一個收集數(shù)百萬輛汽車設計利用的大規(guī)模市場。事實上,我們可以認為在我們的生活方式中現(xiàn)代汽車是一個巨大的技術(shù)系統(tǒng),整個經(jīng)濟依賴這種汽車。工程師設計組件,機械師制造部件,組裝成完整的系統(tǒng)組裝元件,卡車司機提供產(chǎn)品的組裝、銷售人員賣產(chǎn)品到群眾。這一簡單的描述甚至占用不了上班族們處理物流和維護金融帳戶或者單獨的的礦業(yè)公司開采原材料或設計和制造所需的工具的時間。如果沒有現(xiàn)代汽車美國的經(jīng)濟將會怎么樣呢?顯然,現(xiàn)代汽車和自行式車輛必須是一樣的。
第四篇:英語科技論文翻譯
3G TECHNOLOGY Abstract The 21 century is an ages of the information economy, being the 3G TECHNOLOGY of representative technologies this ages, will be at very fast speed develop soon in continuously creatively, and will go deep into the people's work, life and study.Therefore, control this technology and then seem to be more to deliver the importance.Now I mainly introduce some knowledge of the 3G TECHNOLOGY.Keywords GPRS, TD-SCDMA,WCDMA , EDGE ,CDMA2000 , WAP , SYMBIAN G, the third Generation, known as the Chinese meaning is refers to the third Generation of digital communication.The growth of the global 3G was rapidly in recent years.From 2002 to 2008, the 3 G operators have been gradually from the original is pale and management to the accelerated development.By June 2008, global 3 G users accumulative total up to 709 million, the total 84 countries and regions issued 3 G licenses, including effective certificate for 249 copies.Our country of 3 G development is relatively later than the advanced countries.In 2009, China was officially forward 3 G time.In the economic crisis of the downturn state,China's ministry of information industry issued three third generation mobile communication(3 G)license for China mobile, China telecom and China Unicom.China Mobile use our country with independent intellectual property rights of the 3 G standard TD-SCDMA , China Telecom get CDMA2000 license and China Unicom WCDMA license.2009 as China 3 G formal first commercial.Although the technology behind 3G may seem complicated, the ways in which 3G will affect all of our lives are easy to imagine.Just imagine having a combined camera, video-camera, computer, stereo, and radio included in your mobile phone.Rich-media information and entertainment will be at your fingertips whenever you want anywhere there is a wireless network.Mobile communication is moving from simple voice to rich media, where we use more of our senses to intensify our experiences.But not all of this will happen at once.3G is an evolution to a communications ideal that no one completely understands yet.What we do know is that mobile multimedia will hit the Japanese markets in 2001, and Europe and North America will follow soon after.3G brings together high-speed radio access and IP-based services into one, powerful environment.The step towards IP is vital.IP is packet-based, which in simple terms, means users can be “on line” at all times, but without having to pay until we actually send or receive data.The connectionless nature of IP also makes access a lot faster: file downloads can take a few seconds and we can be connected to our corporate network with a single click.3G introduces wideband radio communications, with access speeds of up to 2Mbit/s.Compared with today's mobile networks, 3G will significantly boost network capacityAt home 3G is going to affect our home and social lives in many ways.The services that 3G enables will help us to manage our personal information, simplify tasks such as grocery shopping, make better use of our time and offer services that are just fun to use.Operators will be able to develop myriad new service opportunities to attract and retain new customers.Here are some examples:
· You're sitting on a train and use this “dead” time to log on to your bank account, check your balance and pay a few billsAt work
3G will not just support the needs of businesspeople who travel a lot, but will also help new, flexible working practices, such as home-working and remote access to corporate networks outside traditional working hours.Businesspeople are often high-volume airtime users, so they represent a big opportunity for mobile operators.Here are some examples:
·
At work you receive a message from your “smart” refrigerator at home.The message tells you that certain items need restocking and an order has already been prepared for the local grocery store, which you can approve, so that your groceries are ready to collect on the way home.·
You are on the road, and urgently need to discuss a draft presentation with a number of colleagues back in the office.Pulling into a service station, you use your 3G device to hold a telephone conference with your colleagues and, at the same time, you can all view the draft presentation and make changes on line.·
A maintenance engineer is repairing some equipment on a client's premises and hits a problem.Using his 3G device, he contacts his department and downloads a demonstration video that guides him through the repair process.TECHNOLOGY 3G brings together two powerful forces: wideband radio communications and IP-based services.Together, these lay the groundwork for advanced Mobile Internet services, including personalized portals, “infotainment”, mobile commerce and unified messaging-encompassing high-speed data, superior quality voice and video and location-based services.Making 3G a reality depends on technology developments in different areas.These include
amendments to the radio interface to support wideband communications and in the core network.Supporting technologies, such as WAP and Bluetooth, also have an important role to play.This section provides a brief overview of some of the main technologies and developments involved.Ericsson supports all of these technologies and has played an active role in their development.·GPRS General Packet Radio Service(GPRS)is an enhancement to existing GSM and TDMA networks that introduces packet data transmission, enabling “always on” mobility.This means that users can choose to be permanently logged on to e-mail, Internet access and other services, but do not have to pay for these services unless sending or receiving information.When EDGE is added to GPRS, these data rates will increase up to 384kbit/s.GPRS will be implemented by adding new packet data nodes and upgrading existing nodes to provide a routing path for packet data between the mobile terminal and a gateway node.The gateway node will provide interworking with external packet data networks for access to the Internet and intranets.Benefits:
·Faster data speeds and “always on” mobility ·Almost instantaneous connection set-up
·Connection to an abundance of data sources around the world, through support for multiple protocols, including IP
·A step towards full 3G services.·TD-SCDMA All called Time Division-Synchronous CDMA , this standard is formulated by mainland China alone the 3 G standard.On June 29, 1999, the China telecom science and technology and telecommunications research institute(Datang Telecom)to the ITU, but technical invention father put forward in Siemens AG.TD-SCDMA has the characteristics of low radiation, known as the green 3 G.This standard will intelligent wireless, synchronous CDMA and software radio today the international leading technology into which, in spectrum use efficiency, the business support for flexibility, frequency flexibility and cost, and other aspects of the unique advantages.In addition, because of the huge market in China, the standard by the major telecommunications equipment manufacturer to the attention of the world, more than half of the equipment factory now announced that can support TD-SCDMA standards.This standard is made after 2.5 of the intermediate links, and the generation of directly to the 3 G transition, so it is suitable to GSM system to 3 G to upgrade.Military communication network is the core of TD-SCDMA task.·WCDMA
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA)is a wideband radio technique that provides far higher data rates than other radio techniques available today, up to 2Mbit/s, and highly efficient use of radio spectrum.The higher bandwidth that WCDMA provides will deliver the full potential of 3G.For example,WCDMA allows simultaneous access to several voice, video and data services at once.WCDMA is fully compliant with IMT-2000 and is the air interface technology for standards in the 2GHz bandwidth(the IMT-2000 core band), known as UMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)in Europe and ARIB(Association of Radio Industry Businesses)in Japan.Ericsson has been at the forefront of WCDMA development.The company delivered an experimental WCDMA system to NTT DoCoMo in Japan back in 1998.Ericsson has also set up WCDMA test systems around the world.At 2000, Ericsson announced its first family of WCDMA base stations.·EDGE
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution(EDGE)enables GSM and TDMA operators to offer 3G services using existing network frequencies.By making changes and additions to standardization of evolutionary phases of the air interface and the backbone networks, as well as the migration to ALL-IP and multimedia networks.·CDMA2000 CDMA2000 is a decidedly efficient 3G standard for the delivery of high bandwidth data and high capacity voice services.The evolution of the cdma2000 standard will enable mobile systems to offer data throughputs of 2 Mbit/sec and beyond.The higher bandwidth that cdma2000 provides will deliver the full potential of 3G.For example, cdma2000 also allows simultaneous access to several voice, video and data services at once.CDMA2000 is fully compliant with IMT-2000 requirements for 3G.CDMA2000 will be implemented in the existing frequency bands of CMDA and TDMA at 800 and 1900 MHz, as well as in new spectrum at 2GHz in Japan.Ericsson is a leader in cdma2000 development, and a key driver in the standardization of evolutionary phases of the air interface and the backbone networks, as well as the migration to ALL-IP and multimedia networks.·Bluetooth
Bluetooth is an open standard for two-way, short-wave radio communications between different devices.It marks the end of cables and cords between mobile phones, palmtops, portable PCs and printers, for example.Furthermore, Bluetooth enables information between such devices to be synchronized.Diary information held on a PDA can be updated automatically when within range of a Bluetooth-enabled PC.Bluetooth is also going to be important for machine-to-machine communicationshundreds of companies are members of the worldwide WAP Forum。The latest version of the WAP standard, WAP 1.2.1, has recently been launched.Our dedicated WAP consutants are ready to assist operators and service providers sharpen their competitive edge.They help today's businesses adapt to the new economy and create cost-effective, innovative ways to communicate with customers.What will 3G give us
People will enjoy the 3G time what services it provide, the image of that, 3G is video conference on that plane;3G is patients receive timely assistance of medical experts;3G is fans will not miss the NBA basketball game;3G is to share with friends your beautiful vacation in Hawaii.· more and more 3G video phone
All along, we use QQ, MSN chat with friends remotely.As the mobile data transfer rate, image processing, transmission, mainly the acceptance of such display devices makes mobile video chat stranded.3G time to rely on high-speed 3G data transmission network, which 3G mobile phone users can “face to face” conversation.Through mobile video, As far away from the mother via cell phone together, were falling through the mobile phone lovers can meet again.·3G Push into the mobile phone shopping blowout Use the mobile internet shopping is a new way to shop, mobile shopping not only will be able to let consumer buy goods but also makes the satisfaction convenient for consumers to pick and choose goods compared with the constant.With the improvement of China's 3G network , more and more users will choose to phone shopping patterns.China's mobile phone shop will grow rapidly in a period.Online businesses not only include clothing, books, cell phones, toys, audio-visual products and other daily goods put on the network shelf, cars, laptop computers, jewelry and other luxury goods are also options for the list.One need only log out of 3G mobile phone shopping website of product information, we can buy our favorite items.Online shopping is not only cheaper than the mall , better able to send home delivery.If not satisfied can return on schedule, on-line business integrity committed to ensuring that the consumer's shopping safety.·Broadband Internet access to mobile phones to be a “small computer” Although China has just begun the road to 3G, broadband internet access business has been a bright spot, we can send and receive voice messages on the phone, write a blog, chat, search, download and so on, as well as top-notch services such as online games, mobile navigation, online chat and so on.·the key to the Mobile Office-OA system Although compared with traditional office, automation system greatly improves the working efficiency.However, the limitations of the region's OA system is limited to local area network applications, this office brings to enterprises a lot of inconvenience.Mobile office can keep in touch with units and complete work in anytime and at anywhere.3G mobile phones can download and install office, java and other office software, office software and hardware will be the traditional “compression” in the palm of a large mobile phone.·LCD TVs will be included in Mobile TV Mobile TV is to use with the operating system and streaming video-enabled smart phones to watch TV business.It is a multimedia that use CMMB technology, whether it is GPRS mobile phone or CD-MA1X phone, need to be equipped with mobile terminal operating system to install the appropriate player software.TV programs from the corresponding mobile communication company or by the corresponding SP to organize and deliver.Despite the development of a thriving scene 3G, but because mobile streaming media software, smooth video images and other technical aspects of picture quality there are some problems, Mobile TV strides also takes some time.3G技術(shù)
摘要:
21世紀是信息經(jīng)濟的時代,作為這個時代的代表技術(shù),3G技術(shù)將在非??斓乃俣劝l(fā)展很快,不斷創(chuàng)造性地將進入人們的工作,學習和生活中深。因此,控制這種技術(shù),然后似乎更有重要性。現(xiàn)在,我主要介紹一些3G技術(shù)的知識。
關(guān)鍵字:探地雷達,TD-SCDMA,WCDMA,邊緣,CDMA2000,桅索制動器,操作系統(tǒng)使用的手機設備
3G,全稱為3rd Generation,中文含義就是指第三代數(shù)字通信。全球3G近年來快速成長,從2002年到2008年,全球3G運營商已經(jīng)逐步從最初的慘淡經(jīng)營轉(zhuǎn)為現(xiàn)在的加速發(fā)展,截止2008年6月,全球3G用戶累計已達到7.09億,全球共有84個國家和地區(qū)發(fā)放了3G許可證,其中有效證為249張。
我國3G發(fā)展相對先進國家比較晚,2009年我國才正式邁進3G時代,在經(jīng)濟危機低迷的狀態(tài)下,2009年1月7日,中國工業(yè)和信息化部為中國移動、中國電信和中國聯(lián)通發(fā)放3張第三代移動通信(3G)牌照。中國移動使用我國具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的3G標準TD-SCDMA,中國電信獲得CDMA2000牌照,中國聯(lián)通獲得WCDMA牌照。2009年成為中國3G正式商用年。
雖然在 3 G 后面的技術(shù)可能很復雜, 但是3 G 將會在我們生活中產(chǎn)生的影響是我們可以想象的。僅僅想像在你的行動電話中加入照相機、攝像機、計算機、音響以及收音機功能。這樣,無論何時何地你都將能夠通過無線網(wǎng)絡獲得大量的媒體信息和娛樂。
移動通信正在由單一的語音通信向多媒體方向發(fā)展,通過此途徑來加深我們對外界的感覺。
但不是這全部都將立刻發(fā)生。至今為止沒有一個人能夠完全掌握3G的發(fā)展的進程。我們唯一確信的是2001年多媒體移動通信將沖擊日本市場,而且歐洲和北美也將很快發(fā)展多媒體通信市場。
3G在帶來高速的語音通路之外還集以IP為基礎的服務為一身,有強大的發(fā)展環(huán)境。向IP方向發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。IP技術(shù)是以簡單的數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸為基礎的, 可以使用戶同時上網(wǎng),但是不必花錢除了我們發(fā)送或接收數(shù)據(jù)。IP 的自然無連接性可以大大提高存取速率: 文件下載只需要很短的時間,而且只需輕輕一點就能和網(wǎng)絡連接上。
3G采用多頻率通信技術(shù),并且達到 2 Mbit/s 的通路速度。與現(xiàn)在的移動網(wǎng)絡相比較,3G將會極大的提高網(wǎng)絡容量-因此將能夠支持更多的使用者, 同時能夠提供更多復雜的服務。3 GSynchronous CDMA(時分同步CDMA),該標準是由中國大陸獨自制定的3G標準,1999年6月29日,中國原郵電部電信科學技術(shù)研究院(大唐電信)向ITU提出,但技術(shù)發(fā)明始祖于西門子公司,TD-SCDMA具有輻射低的特點,被譽為綠色3G。該標準將智能無線、同步CDMA和軟件無線電等當今國際領(lǐng)先技術(shù)融于其中,在頻譜利用率、對業(yè)務支持具有靈活性、頻率靈活性及成本等方面的獨特優(yōu)勢。另外,由于中國內(nèi)的龐大的市場,該標準受到各大主要電信設備廠商的重視,全球一半以上的設備廠商都宣布可以支持TD—SCDMA標準。該標準提出不經(jīng)過2.5代的中間環(huán)節(jié),直接向3G過渡,非常適用于GSM系統(tǒng)向3G升級。軍用通信網(wǎng)也是TD-SCDMA的核心任務。· WCDMA
寬帶碼分多址接入技術(shù)(WCDMA)提供的數(shù)據(jù)傳送速率遠遠大于現(xiàn)在我們采用的通信方式,提供高達2Mbit/s的傳輸速率, 大大提高了光纖對語音信號的傳輸率。3G提供更寬的帶寬是3G中存在的巨 大的潛能。例如,WCDMA能夠使語音信號、視頻信號和數(shù)據(jù)同時進行傳輸。
WCDMA完全遵照了IMT-2000提出的2GHz帶寬標準(IMT-2000中心帶寬),就像是在歐洲采用的UMTS(全球的移動傳輸系統(tǒng))和日本采用的ARIB(語音信號工業(yè)標準聯(lián)盟)。
愛立信在WCDMA的研發(fā)方面走在了前列。公司早在1988年就在日本為移動通信網(wǎng)絡開始了WCDMA的實驗活動。愛立信已經(jīng)在全球建立了WCDMA的測試系統(tǒng)。在2000年,愛立信
宣布了他建立了WCDMA的基站?!DGE 全球革命性的提高傳輸速率將是原來的GSM和TSMA運營商利用現(xiàn)有的設備提供3G服務。通過制定新的通信附加標準來對無線通信和網(wǎng)絡中樞進化標準化,同時改革所有的IP業(yè)務和多媒體網(wǎng)絡?!?cdma2000 cdma2000對于提高寬帶傳輸速率和遞送高質(zhì)量的語音服務無疑是3G標準最有效率的。cdma2000標準的發(fā)展將會使移動通信系統(tǒng)能夠提供2Mbit/sec的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率甚至超過這個標準。cdma2000提供的帶寬向我們展示了3G的潛能。舉例來說,cdma2000允許同時的傳輸多組聲音圖像數(shù)據(jù)。
cdma2000完全融合了IMT-2000標準,并且滿足了3G的標準。cdma2000可以通過現(xiàn)有的CMDA和TDMA在800到1900 MHz的頻段上實現(xiàn),就像日本在2GHz的光譜中實現(xiàn)。
愛立信是cdma2000研發(fā)的先行者,它制定了對無線通信和網(wǎng)絡中樞進行改革的新標準,同時也提出了對IP和多媒體網(wǎng)絡進行改革的意見?!?藍牙
藍牙是在不同的裝置之間進行雙通道短波傳輸?shù)墓_標準。舉例來說,它的出現(xiàn)標志著通過電纜進行移動通信連接掌上電腦或筆記本電腦的時代已經(jīng)過去。此外,藍牙能夠說數(shù)據(jù)傳輸同步化。存儲在智能數(shù)字助理上的日程表可以在個人計算機中藍牙能夠達到范圍里面自動更新。藍牙將成為通信領(lǐng)域中用于不同設備之間傳輸數(shù)據(jù)最重要的手段,同時它也將成為發(fā)展最快的發(fā)展領(lǐng)域。
藍牙技術(shù)是終端和其他設備使用移動通信網(wǎng)絡的關(guān)鍵。藍牙即可應用到現(xiàn)在的2G網(wǎng)絡也可以支持3G系統(tǒng),它將會在未來的移動通信中占據(jù)越來越重要的地位。愛立信已經(jīng)研制出了藍牙裝置,包括T36藍牙手機和藍牙掌上設備。
藍牙是由愛立信公司首先研制的,但現(xiàn)在藍牙主要是由一個特殊的世界組織來主管。此技術(shù)已在所有電信器械生產(chǎn)商、計算機制造商以及芯片制造商中普及。· Symbian Symbian是一個被包括愛立信,諾基亞,摩托羅拉和 Psion公司共同投資的項目。Symbian的目標是通過以下兩種方式提高其在移動通信市場的份額: · 第一, 通過發(fā)展軟件的核心,優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),進一步的研發(fā)手機通信設備工具(例如個人數(shù)傳助手,小巧的手機和通信器材)。
· 第二,制定移動設備傳輸信息的標準。Symbian的EPOC操作系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)研制成功,而且愛立信已經(jīng)在R380中使用了EPOC操作系統(tǒng)?!?無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定
無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定(無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定)是一個全球性的協(xié)議,是通過移動設備訪問英特網(wǎng)的公開標準。它可以使用戶通過移動設備例如手機和便攜設備訪問整個移動網(wǎng)絡和受據(jù)庫服務商,不用用不同的設備完成這些任務。
無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定允許統(tǒng)過建立“無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定微型瀏覽器”組織電話信息的方向, 同樣地網(wǎng)絡瀏覽器經(jīng)由英特網(wǎng)-個人計算機提供在線服務。典型地,無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定監(jiān)控屏將會顯示各種不同的服務或數(shù)據(jù)入口的若干超鏈接。
和采用無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定的手機一樣,愛立信也已經(jīng)宣布研制出一種無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定來服務開發(fā)者的裝備(WapIDE)和無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定出入口/代理,用移動的網(wǎng)絡在英特網(wǎng)和局域網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中來橋接無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定申請和服務。除此之外,愛立信提供應用專利, 像是愛立信本土化了英特網(wǎng)(ELI)給本地服務 , 提供時間和發(fā)展環(huán)境給無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定申請的無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定應用服務商。
愛立信是無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定論壇的四個最初成員之一。自從 1997 以后,當它成立的時候, 無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定論壇已經(jīng)得到廣泛的工業(yè)廠商的支持,他們大部分都是是世界無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定論壇的成員。最新版的無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定標準,無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定 1.2.1,剛剛被開發(fā)出來。
我們將盡全力來推進無線傳輸通訊協(xié)定,準備協(xié)助運營商和服務提供商在競爭中處與更有利的地位。這有助于我們調(diào)整現(xiàn)今的業(yè)務來適應新經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,更有效的利用資源,用創(chuàng)新的方法與客戶溝通。
3G能給我們帶來什么
3G時代人們將會享受到他為我們提供的哪些服務呢,形象的說,3G就是飛機上的視頻會議;3G就是病人接受及時救助的醫(yī)學專家;3G就是籃球迷不會錯過的NBA比賽;3G就是與朋友共享你在夏威夷的美好假期。· 視頻手機因3G勃興而揚帆啟航
一直以來,我們通過QQ、MSN等視頻聊天功能,與親朋好友進行遠程視頻聊天。由于手機數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率、圖像處理傳輸、接受顯示設備等達不到要求使得手機視頻聊天擱淺。3G時代依靠3G網(wǎng)絡的數(shù)據(jù)高速傳輸,從而3G手機用戶可以“面對面”交談。通過手機視頻,相距萬水千山的母子能夠通過手機相聚,分別日久的戀人能夠通過手機重逢?!?3G推動手機購物進入井噴期
用手機上網(wǎng)購物是一種新的購物方式,手機購物不僅讓消費者足不出戶就能買到滿意商品 更使得消費者能夠方便快捷的對商品進行挑選比較,隨著我國3G網(wǎng)絡的不斷完善,越來越多的用戶將會選擇手機購物模式。我國的手機購物將會迎來一個高速增長期。
網(wǎng)上商家不僅將服裝、圖書、手機、玩具、音像制品等日常商品擺上網(wǎng)絡貨架,汽車、筆記本電腦、珠寶等高檔商品也在備選之列。人們只要拿出3G手機登陸購物網(wǎng)站查詢商品信息,就能夠買到心儀的物品。網(wǎng)上購物價格不僅比商場便宜,更能夠送貨到家,如果不滿意可以按期退貨,網(wǎng)上商家誠信承諾保證了消費者的購物安全?!?寬帶上網(wǎng)使手機成為“小電腦”
雖然中國的3G之路剛剛開始,寬帶上網(wǎng)已是亮點業(yè)務,我們能在手機上收發(fā)語音郵件、寫博客、聊天、搜索、下載等,還有拔尖業(yè)務,如網(wǎng)絡游戲、手機導航、網(wǎng)上聊天等?!?手機辦公—OA系統(tǒng)桎梏開啟的鑰匙
傳統(tǒng)自動化辦公系統(tǒng)雖然較之從前大大提高了辦公效率,然而區(qū)域的局限使的 OA系統(tǒng)僅限于應用局域網(wǎng),這給企事業(yè)單位辦公帶來了很多的不方便。手機辦公可以隨時隨地與單位的信息系統(tǒng)保持聯(lián)系,完成辦公功能越來越受到人們的青睞。3G手機可以下載安裝office、java等辦公軟件,將傳統(tǒng)辦公軟硬件“壓縮”在手掌大的手機上?!?手機電視將液晶電視收入囊中
手機電視是利用具有操作系統(tǒng)和流媒體視頻功能的智能手機觀看電視的業(yè)務,它是利用CMMB技術(shù)推出的便攜式的移動的多媒體,不管是 GPRS手機還是CD-
MA1X手機,都需要在裝有操作系統(tǒng)的手機終端上安裝相應的播放軟件,而相應的電視節(jié)目則由移動通信公司或者通過相應的SP來組織和提供。盡管3G發(fā)展一片欣欣向榮的景象,然而由于手機流媒體軟件,視頻影像的流暢、畫面質(zhì)量等技術(shù)方面存有問題,手機電視大踏步前進還需要時日。
河南科技學院
信息工程082班
零三七八作品
第五篇:科技英語-翻譯
1.If you are successful, you won’t have to go ask for a raise or accept what you’re given or worry about being turned out when a younger version of yourself comes along.如果你是成功的,你就不用請求加薪,不必勉強接受所給予你的,無需擔心年輕的你一路走來會達到什么成就
2.What about development aid to give local people economic alternatives to cutting forests and plowing over the land? That kind of funding is difficult to come by.關(guān)于發(fā)展援助給當?shù)鼐用窠?jīng)濟替代切割森林和耕作土地怎么樣?這樣的資金得來不易
3.He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.他是不可能真正快樂的,如果被社會強迫做自己不喜歡做的事情,又或者喜歡做的事情被社會所忽略、被認為是毫無價值、不重要的。
4.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably.面對網(wǎng)絡大范圍內(nèi)的病毒攻擊,但是我們會越來越依賴于網(wǎng)絡的功能,這使得我們更加沮喪
5.In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?
在迫切想要養(yǎng)活其迅速增長而又吃不飽的人口的發(fā)展中國家,問題比較簡單,也更加緊迫:生物技術(shù)的好處是否大于風險呢?
6.Once infected, your money will be transferred to an additional account opened by the virus program without anybody knowing it.一旦感染,你的錢就會轉(zhuǎn)移到所建立的其他帳戶上了病毒程序的沒有任何人知道。
7.Petroleum is believed to be produced naturally from dead animals and vegetable matter at the bottoms of shallow seas and swamps.石油被認為是脫離死動物和植物物質(zhì)的底部的淺海區(qū),沼澤地自然的產(chǎn)生。
8.Either party that disagrees to the arbitration may file a law suit at the people’s court.任何反對仲裁的一方都可以向法院提出訴訟。
9.Planning involves setting the firm’s objectives over a period of time and deciding on methods to achieve these objectives.規(guī)劃包括制定公司階段性目標并決定達到這些目標的方法策略。
10.If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation.如果宇宙中所有的東西都取決于其他所有在一個基本的方式,有可能無法接近一個完整的解決問題的部分,是孤立的。
11.But genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation.但是轉(zhuǎn)基因、抗病毒的莊稼可以減輕損失,就如因水資源短缺限制了耕地數(shù)量的地區(qū)使用耐旱種子一樣。
12.In most consumer countries, oil has also dominated national economies, as a major component of imports and thus substantially affecting balances of payments.在大多數(shù)的消費者國家、油也占主導地位,作為一個國家經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分,從而大大影響進口國際收支平衡。
13.Whethe they survey children or adults, researchers find that active people are happier than sofa jockeys, and less prone to depression and suicide.通過兒童及成人的調(diào)查,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),積極的人比沙發(fā)的賽馬騎手更快樂,以及不易抑郁和自殺。
14.Choices are usually limited: find a good job in the small business world, stand in line at unemployment, or accept a cut in pay and benefits.機會總是有限的: 在一個小公司找一份好工作,排隊等待下崗,或接受減薪。
15.Crude oil price increases have significantly contributed to the growth of inflation, and with it recession and mass unemployment.原油價格的顯著上漲,導致了通貨膨脹,并且造成了危機,使大量工人失業(yè)。
16.In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss the questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is.為了要討論宇宙的本質(zhì)和討論這個問題,例如:是否有一個開始或結(jié)束時,你必須要清楚地了解什么是科學理論。
17.The oil emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle.油應急體系的建立主要是為抵消中斷全球經(jīng)濟和穩(wěn)定的威脅,而不是價格管理和商品周期。
1.他雖然學識淵博,但對這種生物科技引起的情況他也不知道如何應付。(for all)
2.只要不斷努力,你早晚都會學好俄語的。(sooner or later)
If you keep trying, you will learn Russian sooner or later.3.那位新的候選人決定參加競選時,競爭對手們的競選活動均已達到高潮
4.這在很大程度上將取決于她對這一難題的反應。(depend on)
It depends a lot on her reaction to the problem.6.我上大學時只能靠粗茶淡飯過活。(live on)
I had to live on bread and water when I was a college student.7.中國是一個富產(chǎn)寶貴的自然資源—原油的國家。(be rich in)
8.我祖母的故鄉(xiāng)位于紐約和芝加哥之間的某個小鎮(zhèn)上。(inbetween)
My grandmother's hometown in New York and Chicagobetween a small town
9.不管怎樣,在我們對人類對環(huán)境的影響做出科學的評估之前,仍有很長的一段路要走。(in any case)
10.跟其他同學不同,她花了近一個月時間才適應了大學生活。
(different from)
Different from other students, she spent nearly a month time to adapt to life at university.11.他所提的改進意見對我們很有價值。
(carry weight with)
His suggestions carry a lot of weight with us.12.人們贊揚這部電影中的男女主角在面臨極大的災難時表現(xiàn)出的英雄氣概。
(in the face of)
13.這個數(shù)學問題遠不像你一開始所想的那么復雜。(far from)
The maths problem is far from first you think so complicated
14.窮人的聲音不被理睬,因為政府只制定對富人有益的政策。(tune out)
15、但歐洲花了很長時間才對中國的崛起醒悟過來
16、一些鳥類棲息地的遷移也與氣候變暖的趨勢一致。
17、在這個試驗中,這種基因改造過的玉米將接受有意的危險性測試。
18、他們感到現(xiàn)在的一套對他們益處不大,所以多過去很留戀。
19、中國西部有著豐富的土地和資源,具有很大的開發(fā)潛力
20、顯然,我們難以招募到素質(zhì)好的職員
21、我對這部電影里的任何角色都難以認同。
22、油氣圈閉層由頂層、儲集層和底層巖石組成23、當你在實驗中看到那樣的東西時,你會知道你會有所發(fā)現(xiàn)。
24、他們還提供給我們一些關(guān)于為什么身體健康的人比其他人更易于受到感染的線索。
25、采訪者會連珠炮式地提出很多問題而不給你很多思考答案的時間。
26、我們不應該僅僅關(guān)注學者和研究者的著作能否對社會作出貢獻。
27、他會看天文星象運行,加以估算及預測。
28、原有道路寬度不合規(guī)定者,應一律逐漸拓寬。
29、那個國家已處在生死存亡的關(guān)頭。
30、我反對該項計劃,理由是花費太大。
31、現(xiàn)在石油化工成品占所有化學制品的四分之一