第一篇：創(chuàng)新作文英文摘要

On Training of Innovative Quality in Writing

Teaching

Student:Du Wenjuan,College of literal arts of Yangtze University Guide teacher:Wu Wei,College of literal arts of Yangtze University

[Abstract] The teaching of chinese especially the teaching of chinese compesition plays an imprtant role in developing the students' innovatine quality.Creativity is the fund amental sign of writing from quantity to quality and the embodiment of writing's endlessness.However,the teaching of chinese composition in the middle school isnot in a pleasant state but aweak one.The major problem is that there is lack of effective way to get the students motivated and interested,to foster the students' creative thinking;and that there is no combination of the fostering of the students' creative thinking and training in composition teaching.In teaching,teachers should arise students' writing enthusiasm and creating spirit,focus on training of creative thinking,develop the innovative quality in many aspects,promote students' quality fully,foster students' good personality quality according to the teaching reformation,in order to prepare for fostering men of high quality who can meet the need of future.[Key words]teaching of writing;innovative quality;creativity in composition

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第二篇：英文摘要

談?wù)動(dòng)⑽恼臅?shū)寫(xiě)技巧

隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，為滿(mǎn)足對(duì)外交流的需要，國(guó)家統(tǒng)一規(guī)定，公開(kāi)發(fā)表的學(xué)術(shù)論文應(yīng)附有英文摘要。

英文摘要的內(nèi)容要求與中文摘要一樣，包括目的、方法、結(jié)果和結(jié)論四部分。但是，英文有其自身特點(diǎn)，最主要的是中譯英時(shí)往往造成所占篇幅較長(zhǎng)，同樣內(nèi)容的一段文字，若用英文來(lái)描述，其占用的版面可能比中文多一倍。因此，撰寫(xiě)英文摘要更應(yīng)注意簡(jiǎn)潔明了，力爭(zhēng)用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。第一，對(duì)所掌握的資料進(jìn)行精心篩選，不屬于上述“四部分”的內(nèi)容不必寫(xiě)入摘要。第二，對(duì)屬于“四部分”的內(nèi)容，也應(yīng)適當(dāng)取舍，做到簡(jiǎn)明扼要，不能包羅萬(wàn)象。比如“目的”，在多數(shù)標(biāo)題中就已初步闡明，若無(wú)更深一層的目的，摘要完全不必重復(fù)敘述；再如“方法”，有些在國(guó)外可能早已成為常規(guī)的方法，在撰寫(xiě)英文摘要時(shí)就可僅寫(xiě)出方法名稱(chēng)，而不必一一描述其操作步驟。

中英文摘要的一致性主要是指內(nèi)容方面的一致性，目前對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)存在兩個(gè)誤區(qū)，一是認(rèn)為兩個(gè)摘要的內(nèi)容“差不多就行”，因此在英文摘要中隨意刪去中文摘要的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，或隨意增補(bǔ)中文摘要所未提及的內(nèi)容，這樣很容易造成文摘重心轉(zhuǎn)移，甚至偏離主題；二是認(rèn)為英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性對(duì)譯，對(duì)中文摘要中的每一個(gè)字都不敢遺漏，這往往使英文摘要用詞累贅、重復(fù)，顯得拖沓、冗長(zhǎng)。英文摘要應(yīng)嚴(yán)格、全面的表達(dá)中文摘要的內(nèi)容，不能隨意增刪，但這并不意味著一個(gè)字也不能改動(dòng)，具體撰寫(xiě)方式應(yīng)遵循英文語(yǔ)法修辭規(guī)則，符合英文專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)規(guī)范，并照顧到英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，是使摘要符合英文語(yǔ)法修辭規(guī)則的前提。通常情況下，摘要中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)都不是通篇一律的，而應(yīng)根據(jù)具體內(nèi)容而有所變化，否則容易造成理解上的混亂。但這種變化又并非無(wú)章可循，其中存在著如下一些規(guī)律：

1、時(shí)態(tài)：大體可概括為以下幾點(diǎn)。

1）敘述研究過(guò)程，多采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

2）在采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)敘述研究過(guò)程當(dāng)中提及在此過(guò)程之前發(fā)生的事，宜采用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

3）說(shuō)明某課題現(xiàn)已取得的成果，宜采用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

4）摘要開(kāi)頭表示本文所“報(bào)告”或“描述”的內(nèi)容，以及摘要結(jié)尾表示作者所“認(rèn)為”的觀點(diǎn)和“建議”的做法時(shí)，可采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

2、語(yǔ)態(tài)：在多數(shù)情況下可采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但在某些情況下，特別是表達(dá)作者或有關(guān)專(zhuān)家的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，又常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是鮮明有力。

掌握一定的遣詞造句技巧的目的是便于簡(jiǎn)單、準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)，減少讀者的誤解。

1、用詞力求簡(jiǎn)單，在表達(dá)同樣意思時(shí)，盡量用短詞代替長(zhǎng)詞，以常用詞代替生僻詞。但是當(dāng)描述方法、步驟時(shí)，應(yīng)該用狹義詞代替廣義詞。例如，英文中有不少動(dòng)詞，do,run,get,take等，雖簡(jiǎn)單常用，但其意義少則十幾個(gè)，多則幾十個(gè)，用這類(lèi)詞來(lái)描述研究過(guò)程，讀者難免產(chǎn)生誤解，甚至?xí)恢疲@就要求根據(jù)具體情況，選擇意義相對(duì)明確的詞，諸如perform,achieve等，以便于讀者理解。

2、造句

1）熟悉英文摘要的常用句型：盡管英文的句型種類(lèi)繁多，豐富多彩，但摘要的常用句型卻很有限，而且形成了一定的規(guī)律，大體可歸納為

a）表示研究目的，常用在摘要之首In order to……This paper describes…, …The purpose of this study is……

b）表示研究的對(duì)象與方法The [curative effect/sensitivity/function] of certain [drug/kit/organ….] was [observed/detected/studied…]

c）表示研究的結(jié)果：[The result showed/It proved/The authors found] that……

d）表示結(jié)論、觀點(diǎn)或建議：The authors [suggest/conclude/consider] that…

2）盡量采用-ing 分詞和-ed 分詞作定語(yǔ)，少用關(guān)系代詞 which , who 等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。由于摘要的時(shí)態(tài)多采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，使用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句不但會(huì)使句式變的復(fù)雜，而且容易造成時(shí)態(tài)混亂（因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)和它所修飾的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)之間有時(shí)存在一定的“時(shí)間差”，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等往往難以準(zhǔn)確判定）。采用-ing 分詞和-ed 分詞作定語(yǔ)，在簡(jiǎn)化語(yǔ)句的同時(shí)，還可以減少時(shí)態(tài)判定的失誤。

以上所述只是撰寫(xiě)英文摘要時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題中的一小部分，尚有許多問(wèn)題，需要進(jìn)一步探討。總之，英文摘要作為論文的重要組成部分，其修改和完善是永無(wú)止境的。

第三篇：摘要英文

摘要

溫度是生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中常見(jiàn)和重要的物理參數(shù)。在日常生活和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，人們對(duì)溫度測(cè)量的要求越來(lái)越高，主要表現(xiàn)在測(cè)量的精度、可靠性、穩(wěn)定性等方面。溫度的測(cè)量直接關(guān)系到產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)效率以及生產(chǎn)安全等重大技術(shù)指標(biāo)。同時(shí)，測(cè)溫系統(tǒng)的成本和便攜性也越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注。傳統(tǒng)的溫度測(cè)量系統(tǒng)中，溫度測(cè)量環(huán)節(jié)是由模擬溫度傳感器加上高性能的運(yùn)放和A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器構(gòu)成，然后通過(guò)單片機(jī)進(jìn)行控制，因而，所需的外圍器件較多，硬件成本開(kāi)銷(xiāo)很大?；谄峡删幊滔到y(tǒng)PSoC因在其芯片內(nèi)部集成了豐富的模擬和數(shù)字模塊，使一系列的控制任務(wù)大部分都可以在芯片內(nèi)部完成，而且其可動(dòng)態(tài)編程配置的功能，使其具有很高的靈活性，使得控制方便且生產(chǎn)成本比較低，所以在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)控制中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種以Pt1000作為溫度傳感器，以可編程片上系統(tǒng)PSoC作為核心芯片，采用片內(nèi)的模擬和數(shù)字IP核資源，利用Modbus協(xié)議進(jìn)行上位機(jī)通信的溫度測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)擬采用公司自主研發(fā)的溫度采集器，集成為高密度溫度采集系統(tǒng)，是針對(duì)高密度、高精度的監(jiān)控，以及對(duì)于存在眾多熱電阻的場(chǎng)合設(shè)計(jì)的溫度測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。

本文首先介紹了課題研究的背景和意義，并分析了當(dāng)前溫度測(cè)量技術(shù)和可編程片上系統(tǒng)PSoC的研究現(xiàn)狀。以可編程片上系統(tǒng)芯片CY8C5868AXI-LP032作為系統(tǒng)核心，設(shè)計(jì)了硬件電路整體結(jié)構(gòu)，系統(tǒng)分為四個(gè)子模塊，溫度采集模塊、放大模塊、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換模塊、通信模塊。選取鉑電阻Pt1000作為溫度傳感器，鉑電阻采用三線制接法。溫度信號(hào)輸入電路采用獨(dú)特的電橋電路測(cè)量技術(shù)，具有沒(méi)有引線電阻影響，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)，電橋電路與測(cè)量電路完全隔離等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。電橋電路中輸出的模擬電壓經(jīng)過(guò)放大后，輸入至AD轉(zhuǎn)換器中變?yōu)閿?shù)字信號(hào)，再由處理器換算出相應(yīng)溫度，在硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)中對(duì)各部分子電路進(jìn)行了原理和功能的介紹，其中在對(duì)Δ-ΣADC配置時(shí)，根據(jù)系統(tǒng)要求對(duì)其分辨率、采樣率進(jìn)行相關(guān)參數(shù)配置。在系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)平臺(tái)的基礎(chǔ)上，使用PSoC Creator2.0集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計(jì)，其中包括溫度信號(hào)采集、AD值與溫度值的轉(zhuǎn)換、溫度補(bǔ)償、Modbus通信協(xié)議和信息幀格式等。設(shè)計(jì)中主要針對(duì)的是實(shí)際溫度值獲取、溫度誤差補(bǔ)償?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)，其中采用的主要方法是分段線性化和線性標(biāo)度變換相結(jié)合的方

法。為滿(mǎn)足PSoC與計(jì)算機(jī)的通信加入了基于Modbus的通信協(xié)議，采用RS485接口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)完成兩者之間的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送和接收，在PSoC內(nèi)部配置了全雙工通信UART的各個(gè)參數(shù)，采用CRC循環(huán)冗余的校驗(yàn)方式。最后對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行調(diào)試，以測(cè)試工程的運(yùn)行情況，首先使用PSoC的專(zhuān)用下載工具PSoC MiniProg對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行下載燒寫(xiě)接口調(diào)試，通過(guò)Visual Basic進(jìn)行通信測(cè)試，然后通過(guò)電阻箱模擬鉑電阻溫度測(cè)試。最后對(duì)本文的的工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，同時(shí)對(duì)其作出進(jìn)一步展望。

關(guān)鍵詞：溫度檢測(cè)；PSoC；

；通信PT1000 Modbus

Abstract

Temperature is a common and important physical parameter in the production process.In daily life and industrial production, people have become increasingly demanding of temperature measurement, mainly performances in the measurement accuracy, reliability, stability and so on.Temperature measurement is directly related to the major technical indicators such as product quality, production efficiency production safety.In the meanwhile, more and more attention is paid to the cost and portability of the temperature measurement system.In Conventional temperature measuring system, the unit of temperature measurement is composed of analog temperature sensor, a high performance amplifier, A/D converter and controlled by the Single-Chip Microcomputer, Therefore, it not only needs more peripheral device, but also the hardware cost is expensive.PSoC programmable system on a chip have integrated so many analog and digital blocks that plenty of control tasks can be completed in the chip, and the capability of programming configured dynamically make it more flexible, because of controlled easily and relatively low production costs, so it is widely used in industrial production control.This paper designs a temperature measurement system with PSoC programmable system on chip as the core, which use Pt1000 as temperature sensor, make use of the analog and digital IP core resources and communication with the host computer adopting the modbus protocol.The design uses the collector temperature produced by their company, integrated as a measurement collector system of high density.It aims at a high density and high precision monitor, and can be applied to the condition with a number of thermal resistors.First, this paper introduces the background and significance of the research, and analyzes the research status of the temperature measurement technology and the PSoC programmable system on chip.The hardware which uses the programmable system on chip-CY8C5868AXI-LP032 as the core of the system designs of the entire circuit configuration.There are four subsystems, including temperature acquisition module,amplifier module, A/D converter module, communication module.Select the Pt1000 platinum resistance using three-wire connection as temperature sensors.The signal input uses a unique bridge circuit as measurement technology which has its advantages in anti-jamming capability, the impact of lead resistance, the bridge and measuring circuit isolated completely.Analog voltage from the bridge circuit is amplified and converted into digital signal, then acquire corresponding temperature through the processor, and introduce the principle and function of each subsystem in the design of hardware circuit.According to system requirements, Δ-ΣADC is configured the relevant parameters, such as resolution, sampling rate.On the basis of the system hardware design platform, using PSoC Creator2.0 integrated software development environment for the design of the system, including the temperature signal acquisition, AD value and temperature value, temperature compensation, Modbus communication protocol and message frame format.Design is mainly aimed at the actual temperature acquisition, temperature error compensation, the main method of which combines the piecewise and linear scale transformation.To meet the communication with the computer, the communication protocol based on Modbus is joined in PSoC, adapting RS485 interface standards to complete the sending and receiving data between the two, and configuring each parameter of UART of full-duplex communication inside the PSoC, using CRC cyclic redundancy check.Finally, the system is tested to check the operation of the project.Firstly, using the special download tools, PSoC MiniProg to debug the download programming interfaces, visual basic is for communication test, then the resistance box simulate platinum resistance temperature test.Finally, summarizing the work of this paper, at the same time, the further prospects are made.Keywords: Temperature measure;PT1000;PSoC;Modbus communication

第四篇：《雙城記》摘要--英文

摘要：

Charles Dickens is one of the most outstanding novelists in the 19th century,and he is the greatest representative of English critical realism ,and he also is a humanist.He is a prolific writer with a lot of works and many his works make a great difference.Most of his works reflect the darkness and cruel of the society under the oppression of the bourgeoisie.He expresses his anger and hated to the noble bourgeoisie and his sympathy to the lower class with the help of his novels.This kind of love and hate exactly give expression to his humanitarianism thoughts.A Tale of Two Cities is one of his masterpieces among his numerous writings with the theme of humanitarianism.Its characters and main plots are under the real background of the French Revolution.It tells a story about how the nobility oppress and exploit people and how the peoplecontend with the feudal aristocracy.In this novel, Dickens successfully created four kinds of sharply different images.The first one is the ideal positive characters.It takes Dr.Manette ,his daughter Lucie Manette and his son-in-law Charles Darnay as representatives.They are righteous,virtuous and humane which are the embodiments of the humanitarianism that Dickens actively advocates.The second one is the self-sacrifice image.It takes Sydney Carton as a representative.He sacrifice his life in order to make Lucie live happily with her husband and her father.He is the embodiment of the humanitarian spirit of altruism.The third type is the revolutionary.It takes Defarge couple as representatives.They suffer oppression and exploitation from the feudal aristocracy and they fight against the feudal aristocracy and aim ta overturning the aristocratic rule.The fourth type is the nobility and bourgeois baddy.It takes marquis Evremonde family as representative.They abuse the privilege and treat people with violence.This intensifies the contradiction between people and the nobility and finally the French Revolution breaks out in time.In A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens uses his sharply words to criticize the cruel of the bourgeoisie and shows his sympathy to the normal people for their miserable sufferings.This paper will focus on analyzing the main characters and researching the humanitarianism in A Tale of Two Cities.After the research,we can have a good knowledge of A Tale of Two Cities and have a better understanding of the French Revolution and the humanitarianism embodies in the novel.Key Words:Charles Dickens；A Tale of Two Cities；character analysis;humanitarianism;

第五篇：英文摘要+演講稿

中文摘要

隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)科技，特別是基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)地理信息系統(tǒng)的飛速發(fā)展，為使用犯罪制圖預(yù)防犯罪提供了新的契機(jī)。本文旨在回顧世界百?gòu)?qiáng)城市的網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪制圖的運(yùn)用趨勢(shì)，得出網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪運(yùn)用技術(shù)的現(xiàn)行狀態(tài)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪制圖的功能，相對(duì)于大多數(shù)傳統(tǒng)犯罪制圖軟件的功能要少。我們也總結(jié)得出，網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪制圖的現(xiàn)行工作集中在支持社區(qū)治安方面而不是集中于諸如圖樣分析和預(yù)測(cè)功能方面。通過(guò)目前的描述性研究，我們進(jìn)一步了解了網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪制圖研究的方向。本文的調(diào)查結(jié)果可作為開(kāi)發(fā)者、政策制定者和警察開(kāi)發(fā)、設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪制圖項(xiàng)目的參考。

Speech

Speech of session’s chairman:

Good morning!Ladies and Gentleman, I’m very glad to serve as the chairman of this session.Now I would like to announce this meeting to begin.Our first speaker is Dr.Liu, his speech is about government’s action to preventing phone theft and robbery.Dr.Liu, please.… Thank you, Dr.Liu, I think all of us have benefited a lot from it.Thank you.I have a great pleasure in introducing Dr.Li who is going to talk about property crimes in virtual world.Let’s welcome Dr.Li….Thank you very much for your worthwhile talk.Now I would like to introduce Dr.Liao, she will share her new findings with us.Welcome Dr.Liao…I would like to express to her our sincere thanks and appreciation.Speech of myself:

Good morning, everyone.Today, my speech’s topic is …keywords is about…(Introduction)First of all, I'd like to know whether you know of web-based crime mapping.It is an information process that uses GIS technologies to disseminate crime mapping information to the public by related authorities via the Internet.(Content Analysis)And we did some research about it(1)We visited 100 official websites of the police agencies of the 100 cities and investigated whether web-based crime mapping is found on their websites.(2)We chose the top 100 highest

GDP cities because a police agency would have a greater financial strength in higher GDP city, and it is easier to adopt more advanced applications of web-based crime mapping.(General Results)From above study, we found 48 cities' police agencies in four different countries that provided web-based crime mapping on their official websites.(Discussion)Many countries use web-based crime mapping to prevent crimes, however, is it a perfect application? The answer is no(1)Researches showed that there're two mainly problems of web-based crime mapping ①some victims' privacy will be disclosed in web-based crime mapping;②and data misuse happened in several cities.By contrast, our study also exposed limitations: ①website content may vary from time to time;②crime mapping service may not be provided on the local police agency official website.(Conclusion)Through above discussion, we can draw several conclusions as follows:(1)Web-based crime mapping is a useful application for community policing tool to increase community awareness and reduce crime.(2)Moreover, the victim privacy problem suggests that victim's information should not be disclosed.And we suggest using legislative means to tackle the data misuse problem.(3)Finally, further research is needed to fill the knowledge gaps for this emerging topic.Thanks for your listening!