第一篇：民航專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

《民航專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》課程教學(xué)大綱

執(zhí)筆人：黃慧

審核人：林彥

編撰日期：2009年8月

一、適用對(duì)象

本大綱適用于高職高專三年制空乘英語(yǔ)專業(yè)第一學(xué)期的學(xué)生。

二、課程性質(zhì)

《民航專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》是空乘專業(yè)的職業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課，也是職業(yè)核心課,為B類課。本課程與英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言有密切的關(guān)聯(lián)，如英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力、口語(yǔ)、閱讀、寫(xiě)作等等；同時(shí)與空乘行業(yè)也有交集。所以是跨越兩學(xué)科的一門實(shí)用課程。

三．課程目標(biāo)

本課程首要目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)交際能力和機(jī)上的應(yīng)變能力。了解并掌握民航服務(wù)英語(yǔ)的基本內(nèi)容與相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)及民航地面服務(wù)所需的相關(guān)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，包括：機(jī)型、飛行計(jì)劃、空管、機(jī)場(chǎng)、航空公司、客貨運(yùn)輸、機(jī)票、行李、安檢等內(nèi)容。本著這樣的宗旨，課堂上將提供讓學(xué)生大量進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練的機(jī)會(huì)，并且讓學(xué)生熟悉空乘服務(wù)中涉及到的專業(yè)知識(shí)和服務(wù)技巧。課堂上設(shè)計(jì)生動(dòng)逼真的會(huì)話情景，以及富有創(chuàng)意的角色扮演，讓學(xué)生能夠進(jìn)一步鞏固和發(fā)展他們的語(yǔ)言實(shí)際交際能力，為將來(lái)他們的空乘工作打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

四、課程總學(xué)時(shí)及學(xué)分

《民航專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》課內(nèi)學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)為36學(xué)時(shí)，共2學(xué)分。

五、課程設(shè)計(jì)

本課程在教學(xué)過(guò)程中，要充分將理論和實(shí)際相結(jié)合。語(yǔ)言只有通過(guò)不斷練習(xí)才可以不斷進(jìn)步，口語(yǔ)尤其如此。因此課堂上要組織各種各樣的活動(dòng)，創(chuàng)造大量機(jī)會(huì)讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練，激發(fā)他們的興趣和主動(dòng)性。同時(shí)也要將空乘方面的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)和文化差異融入其中，使他們?cè)趯I(yè)素質(zhì)方面有一個(gè)質(zhì)的提升。

六、教材及媒體使用說(shuō)明

文字教材：高等教育出版社06年版《民航乘務(wù)英語(yǔ)》

本教材從培養(yǎng)高級(jí)應(yīng)用型人才的總體目標(biāo)出發(fā)，結(jié)合學(xué)生畢業(yè)后的工作實(shí)際，力求向?qū)W生提供其未來(lái)工作崗位所需要的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)技能，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生使用涉外業(yè)務(wù)英語(yǔ)的交際能力。突出選材的真實(shí)性、科學(xué)性、時(shí)代性、趣味性和多樣性，更有利于激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣和實(shí)現(xiàn)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)。

另外可以多多使用相關(guān)多媒體資料，以增加教學(xué)的生動(dòng)性與形象性，增加學(xué)生興趣，提高教學(xué)效果。

七、課程內(nèi)容

Unit 1At the airport

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：

1．閱讀部分：機(jī)場(chǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、登機(jī)程序、護(hù)照檢查、安全檢查等等。

2．口語(yǔ)部分：詢問(wèn)臺(tái)對(duì)話、登機(jī)處對(duì)話、護(hù)照檢查處對(duì)話、安全檢查處對(duì)話等。

3．角色表演

4．朗讀：登機(jī)通知、飛機(jī)延誤通知

5．補(bǔ)充閱讀部分

Unit 2Airline personnel

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：

1．閱讀部分：airline personnel, Air Traffic Controllers, flight crew, passenger cabins, air cabin crew, main roles of cabin attendants

2．口語(yǔ)部分：at a booking office, at a training seminar, after the seminar, attending a pre-flight briefing, attending an unaccompanied child on the flight, having a stomachache.3．角色表演

4．朗讀：Announcement prior to take-off, a welcome announcement, announcement for moving around, announcement for landing

5．補(bǔ)充閱讀部分 flying in a Boeing 747

Unit 3Pre-flight

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：

1．閱讀部分：Pre-flight, food code, special needs, pre-takeoff preparations

2．口語(yǔ)部分：Welcoming passengers on board, hand luggage in the wrong place, checking seat belts and mobile phones, sitting in the wrong seat

3．角色表演

4．朗讀：A welcome announcement, announcement for fastening seatbelt, announcement for life vest, announcement for pre-takeoff, announcement for delayed takeoff, announcement for connecting flights

5．補(bǔ)充閱讀部分 Tips for travellers

Unit 4In-flight

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：

1．閱讀部分：In-flight, cruise flight, turbulence, personal items forbidden during takeoff and landing stages, meal and beverage service, meals and snacks, beverage service, special dietary service

2．口語(yǔ)部分：Turbulence, serving food in economic class, serving drinks, serving food on a short haul, do you have any vegetarian meals, serving food for Muslims

3．角色表演

4．朗讀：Announcement for serving food in general, announcement for special food, announcement for air turbulence, announcement for resuming service

5．補(bǔ)充閱讀部分 Beverages and in-flight special meals

Unit 5 Customer service

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：

1．閱讀部分：Customer service, cabin comfort, special services, in-flight duty-free goods, in-flight rest

2．口語(yǔ)部分：providing books and magazines, providing in-flight comfort, serving a passenger with disabilities, duty-free allowance

3．角色表演

4．朗讀：Announcement for in-flight entertainment, announcement for selling duty-free goods, announcement for flying at night

5．補(bǔ)充閱讀部分In-flight service

八、課程教學(xué)測(cè)試與評(píng)價(jià)

本課程的考核采取平時(shí)成績(jī)和期末考試兩種形式，課程總成績(jī)?yōu)榘俜种疲綍r(shí)成績(jī)占30%，期末考試占70%。

九、教材及參考書(shū)目

《民航乘務(wù)英語(yǔ)》 高等教育出版社

《民航乘務(wù)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力》 國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社

《民航乘務(wù)英語(yǔ)會(huì)話》 旅游教育出版社

第二篇：民航運(yùn)輸專業(yè)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)詞匯

accommodation 住宿

Affiliated company 子公司

Affinity charter 共同利益包機(jī)hold 裝載或卸行李/貨艙

Long-haul aircraft遠(yuǎn)程飛機(jī)Maintenance burden 維修人工

Aircraft Airworthiness 飛機(jī)適航性Aircraft Types 機(jī)型

aircraft utilization 飛機(jī)利用率airport authorities 機(jī)場(chǎng)當(dāng)局ATC(air traffic control)空管

Aviation infrastructure 航空基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 Bilateral agreement 雙邊協(xié)議Block time 輪擋時(shí)間

Depreciated book value 折舊賬面價(jià)值direct non-stop flights 直達(dá)的不經(jīng)停的航班 Direct operating cost直接運(yùn)營(yíng)成本directionality方向性

Discretionary（Disposable）income 可自由支配的收入

En-route navigational facilities 航路導(dǎo)航設(shè)施

flight operation飛行操作 Flight schedule 航班班期

Freight shippers 貨物托運(yùn)人Frequency and capacity班次和運(yùn)力

General administrative cost 一般行政管理成本

Hijacking and terrorism劫機(jī)和恐怖行為ICAO:International Civil Aviation Organization

in real or constant value term 凈現(xiàn)值Inclusive tour 綜合旅游

Indirect operating cost 間接運(yùn)營(yíng)成本 inflation 通脹

in-flight catering 機(jī)上取餐 in-flight procedures 飛機(jī)程序 infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

intermediate stops 中間的點(diǎn)

International Air Services Transmit Agreement 過(guò)境服務(wù)協(xié)議

ITCs(Inclusive tour charter)綜合旅游包機(jī) Jet engine 噴氣式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) JIT（Just in time）

Life-cycle diagram 生命周期 Load factor 載運(yùn)率

Loading or unloading of the baggage/freight Meteorological services 氣象服務(wù)Multilateral agreement多邊協(xié)議 multisegment多目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)

Open-skies policies 天空開(kāi)放政策 Operating cost 運(yùn)營(yíng)成本operational feasibility 運(yùn)營(yíng)可能性

origin-destination traffic 始發(fā)地目的地運(yùn)輸 over-capacity 運(yùn)力過(guò)剩的 overhaul 大修

Over-night stops 過(guò)夜經(jīng)停點(diǎn) payload業(yè)載

Piston engine 活塞式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) pivot weight 基準(zhǔn)重量

Policing and security公共安全保護(hù)和安全保衛(wèi)

Post Office Department 郵局

related characteristicmaintenance level 相關(guān)特性的維修水平Residual value殘值

Retirement of property and equipment 資產(chǎn)和設(shè)備的報(bào)廢

Revexratio(收益率)=總運(yùn)營(yíng)收入/總運(yùn)營(yíng)支出

route authority 航線的授權(quán)seasonality季節(jié)性

Short-to-medium-haul aircraft中短程飛機(jī) Supervision Maintenance維護(hù)監(jiān)督The marketing-profitability analysis 市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷利潤(rùn)率分析

the number of flights 班次

the number of passengers boarded(embarked)上（下）居旅客數(shù)量

The rate of return on asset 資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率The ratio of debt to equity capital資產(chǎn)負(fù)載率

traffic density航班密度Traffic right 載運(yùn)權(quán)

traffic volume 交通容量

Turbo propeller 渦輪螺旋槳式飛機(jī) ULD（Unit load device）集裝設(shè)備WLU(Work-load unit)：工作量=work load

第三篇：民航運(yùn)輸管理專業(yè)英語(yǔ)貨運(yùn)部分總結(jié)[范文模版]

貨物劃分種類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 貨物需求的特點(diǎn)（貨物本身的特點(diǎn)，需求特點(diǎn)）

? Goods with ultra-high value in relation to their weight are also normally carried by air

primarily because of the much higher security offered.? Routine freight:the shipper’ s decision to use air transport is basedon an assessment

of available transport options and is not a response to a sudden and unexpected problem.? Routine freight is divided into perishable and non-perishable freight.? The commercial life for perishables is short and the gap between producer and

consumer must be bridged before that the commercial life expires.? In the case of perishables, the market for them is that dependent on air transport.? The demand for air freight is fairly price sensitive.? Routine non-perishable freight is shipped by airbecause higher transport costs are

more than offset by savings in other elements of distribution costs.? The savings include documentation and insurance costs, packaging, ground collection,delivery and handling.? Routine non-perishable freight consists of fragile high-value goods as well as semi-

manufacture goodsneeded in various production processes.? Non-perishable freight is less price sensitive than perishable freight, but is responsive to

the total distribution costs of air transport.? The air freight remains very heterogeneous with a wide range of different manufactured

and semi-manufactured goods, raw materials and agricultural products that may have little in common.? Another aspect of this heterogeneity is that freight comes in all shapes, sizes, densities

and weights, there is no standard unit or size for a freight consignment or any standard unit of space.

第四篇：專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)技術(shù)正在高速發(fā)展，隨著我國(guó)機(jī)械行業(yè)實(shí)力的不斷提升，中國(guó)正在加速產(chǎn)品與設(shè)備的更新與改造，我國(guó)與其他國(guó)家在各技術(shù)領(lǐng)域也正在實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步的合作，許多企業(yè)引進(jìn)了很多進(jìn)口設(shè)備，大量資料是英文原版的。因此，學(xué)生將來(lái)在工作崗位上能否讀懂這些資料就是擺在面前的一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題，特別是在生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中碰到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，很可能需要查閱原版英文資料或與相關(guān)專家用英語(yǔ)交流專業(yè)技術(shù)來(lái)謀取解決途徑，所以機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的掌握就變得越來(lái)越重要。

一、學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械專業(yè)英語(yǔ)面臨的主要問(wèn)題

1.缺乏足夠的重視，認(rèn)為沒(méi)必要

許多學(xué)生對(duì)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)重視不夠，認(rèn)為自己以后在工作崗位上一般用不上，學(xué)起來(lái)又不容易，不想花功夫去學(xué)習(xí)和加強(qiáng)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)方面的能力，即便有專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課程也是抱著及格萬(wàn)歲的思想，敷衍了事。其實(shí)，隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，各種工作崗位對(duì)人才的要求越來(lái)越高，即使作為一名操作工，也有很大可能要面對(duì)純英文的說(shuō)明書(shū)、加工圖紙等專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)，更無(wú)須說(shuō)將來(lái)?yè)?dān)任管理和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位對(duì)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的需求了。

2專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)不扎實(shí)

專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)不扎實(shí)、專業(yè)知識(shí)的缺乏是專業(yè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和翻譯的一大障礙。只有既懂外語(yǔ)又懂專業(yè)的人才能適應(yīng)全面的對(duì)外開(kāi)放，4.無(wú)法適應(yīng)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)本身的特點(diǎn)

專業(yè)英語(yǔ)一般內(nèi)容較為枯燥，闡述的是原理概念，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，不注重文字修飾，重在客觀事實(shí)；專業(yè)詞匯多，邏輯性強(qiáng)，理論推導(dǎo)多，有獨(dú)特的文體形式和表達(dá)方式。在學(xué)習(xí)開(kāi)始階段，我感覺(jué)很難適應(yīng)。

二、大學(xué)生學(xué)好機(jī)械專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的方法

1.把握專業(yè)知識(shí)

必須將機(jī)械專業(yè)知識(shí)與英語(yǔ)知識(shí)相結(jié)合。缺乏專業(yè)知識(shí)，翻譯專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)就沒(méi)有了根基，成了無(wú)本之末。也許自己在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中就會(huì)對(duì)翻譯出來(lái)的東西拿捏不穩(wěn)，或者自己都不明白，更不能保證對(duì)錯(cuò)了。所以，學(xué)生必須加強(qiáng)開(kāi)設(shè)本課程前的相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，為本課程的學(xué)習(xí)掃清這方面的阻礙，減輕負(fù)擔(dān)。也有學(xué)生反映，專業(yè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)完以后，英語(yǔ)和專業(yè)兩方面都有所鞏固和加強(qiáng)，所以學(xué)生要做的仍舊是樹(shù)立信心，保持良好積極的心態(tài)。

2.積累專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)

在專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，學(xué)生既要鞏固基礎(chǔ)詞匯，也要學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)詞匯，更要注重基礎(chǔ)詞匯的習(xí)慣用法、含義和在專業(yè)英語(yǔ)中的特殊用法、含義，同時(shí)，學(xué)生還需要在識(shí)記專業(yè)詞匯的同時(shí)，掌握一定量的詞根、詞綴［7］。提高專業(yè)英語(yǔ)資料的閱讀能力必須擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握一定量的專業(yè)詞匯。如果詞匯量掌握得不夠，閱讀時(shí)就會(huì)感到生詞多，障礙大，不但影響閱讀的速度，而且影響理解的程度，從而不能進(jìn)行有效的閱讀，還容易使人產(chǎn)生挫敗感。而學(xué)生要想擴(kuò)大詞匯量，就必須在閱讀的同時(shí)進(jìn)行識(shí)記，并擴(kuò)大閱讀范圍。

3培養(yǎng)濃厚興趣

培養(yǎng)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣至關(guān)重要?！芭d趣是最好的老師”，興趣是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的巨大動(dòng)力，有了興趣，學(xué)習(xí)就會(huì)事半功倍。我們都有這樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)：喜歡的事，就容易堅(jiān)持下去；不喜歡的事，是很難堅(jiān)持下去的。而興趣不是與生俱來(lái)的，需要培養(yǎng)。必須要用正確的態(tài)度對(duì)待英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，用科學(xué)的方法指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)。多讓自己去嘗試，通過(guò)努力讓自己體會(huì)成功的愉悅。

三、結(jié)語(yǔ)

用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行專業(yè)交流是學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的最終目的。由于翻譯過(guò)程是個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的、從生疏到熟練的過(guò)程，只有具備刻苦的精神、嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度和一定的英語(yǔ)水平、專業(yè)水平和漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)水平，才能充分理解原專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的含義，把握原文的想要表述的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容，運(yùn)用種種表達(dá)手段和翻譯技巧，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的符合漢語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)地再現(xiàn)原文。所以，為把自己培養(yǎng)成為復(fù)合型、有發(fā)展后勁的高技能人才，大學(xué)生必須把握機(jī)械工程專業(yè)知識(shí)，培養(yǎng)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，積累專業(yè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法和基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，加強(qiáng)英文原始專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的閱讀，擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面，迅速而切實(shí)地提高自己的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的應(yīng)用能力，為將來(lái)更好地適應(yīng)高素質(zhì)工作崗位和進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的需要打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。

第五篇：專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

土木工程翻譯實(shí)例----現(xiàn)場(chǎng)質(zhì)量控制樣件概述 On-site Quality Control Samples

The Specialist contractor shall erect the first area of each type of the Works and offer these to the Project Manager as on-site quality control samples.The standard of workmanship for the Works shall be to an agreed standard established by the construction of the On-site Quality Control Samples.The Project Manager shall review and comment on the On-site Quality Control Samples.Should the specialist contractor wish to continue with installation of any of the Works before the Project Manager has reviewed and commented on the On-site Quality Control Samples, he shall do so at his own risk.The Project Manager may require parts of the sample to be dismantled to allow inspection of concealed details.Upon acceptance, the on-site control samples shall remain as part of the installed permanent Works.The Project Manager shall reject workmanship that falls below the accepted standard and shall require the specialist contractor to remove it and re-install it to the acceptable standard.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)質(zhì)量控制樣件

專業(yè)分包商應(yīng)首先安裝每種類型工程的第一個(gè)區(qū)域并將它作為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)質(zhì)量控制樣件提供給項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理。把已通過(guò)審批的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)質(zhì)量控制樣件的施工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為工程的工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)質(zhì)量控制樣件進(jìn)行審查和評(píng)論。如果分包商想在以上步驟完成之前繼續(xù)進(jìn)行任何工程的安裝，一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將由其自行承擔(dān)。項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理可以要求部分地拆除樣件以檢查隱蔽工程的詳細(xì)節(jié)點(diǎn)。工程驗(yàn)收之后，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)質(zhì)量控制樣件仍然應(yīng)作為永久工程的一部分。項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理可以拒絕沒(méi)有達(dá)到驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工藝并要求專業(yè)承包商將其去除同時(shí)按照驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)重新安裝。

我的土木工程翻譯----材料來(lái)源及其證書(shū)(摘于合同文件)

Compliance with Standards

Unless otherwise described, all materials shall conform to the appropriate current European or British Standard Specifications.The Specialist contractor shall provide the Project

Manager, on request, with guarantees, or certificates of conformity, from the prime material manufacturers and suppliers proving that the materials to be used do in fact conform to such specifications.These guarantees or certificates shall also confirm that the materials are suitable and appropriate for their intended use within the Works and will satisfy this Contract Document.遵從規(guī)范

除非有特別的說(shuō)明，所有的材料均應(yīng)符合相應(yīng)的現(xiàn)行歐洲或英國(guó)規(guī)范。專業(yè)承包商應(yīng)該按照要求把從原材料廠家和供應(yīng)商那里獲得的保證書(shū)或認(rèn)證書(shū)遞交項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理用以證明即將使用的材料著實(shí)符合這類規(guī)范。這些保證書(shū)或認(rèn)證書(shū)也應(yīng)該確認(rèn)這些材料在工程中的用途適當(dāng)且合理，同時(shí)符合合同文件。

Sources of Materials

In accordance with the schedule of submissions, the Specialist contractor shall provide for the Project Manager’s review a list of the proposed materials and their sources.He shall also provide documents from the sources as evidence of their ability to carry out the tasks

expected of them, and written confirmation that the materials they are supplying are suitable and appropriate for their intended use and will satisfy this Contract Document.The Specialist contractor shall obtain the total quantity of each material from the same manufacturer.The Specialist contractor shall obtain materials from established and reputable

manufacturers, particularly those who are prepared to assist him with the design process, through to the fabrication and final installation on site.材料的來(lái)源 根據(jù)遞交計(jì)劃表，專業(yè)承包商應(yīng)把含有提議使用材料的名稱及其來(lái)源信息的列表遞交項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理審閱。專業(yè)承包商還應(yīng)提供從材料供應(yīng)商那里獲得的相關(guān)文件以證明他們有能力完成其任務(wù),以及書(shū)面確認(rèn)用以證明這些材料在工程中的用途適當(dāng)且合理，同時(shí)符合合同文件。

專業(yè)承包商應(yīng)獲得每種材料從同一個(gè)生產(chǎn)商購(gòu)買的總數(shù)量。

專業(yè)承包商使用的材料應(yīng)向知名的生產(chǎn)商購(gòu)買。特別是他們完全能夠從設(shè)計(jì)、裝配到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝整個(gè)過(guò)程中給與承包商支持。

土木工程翻譯----白令海峽大橋的簡(jiǎn)介摘錄

第一次知道白令海峽大橋是在上大學(xué)的時(shí)候橋梁課老師梁力給我們播放了《Discovery》中一集專門介紹它的視頻，我被它的壯觀，雄偉所震撼，今天突然想到了這座“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)”撼世之橋，特意把它的資料找了出來(lái)，并把其中一小段翻譯出來(lái)和大家一起分享。

Bering Strait bridge

白令海峽大橋的簡(jiǎn)介摘錄

Technical challenges技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)

The route would lie just south of the Arctic Circle, subject to long, dark winters and extreme weather(average winter lows 20°C with possible lows approaching 50°C).Maintenance of any exposed roadway would be difficult and closures frequent.Even maintenance of enclosed roadways and pipelines could also be affected by winter weather.Ice breakup after each winter is violent and would destroy normal bridge piers.Specially shaped massive piers along the ocean floor would be needed to keep the bridge stable.The Confederation Bridge between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick addresses similar concerns on a much smaller scale.橋的路線正好位于北極圈的南端,它受到了漫長(zhǎng)黑暗的冬季和極限天氣的影響(冬天的平均溫度低至20°C而且最低的溫度甚至可能達(dá)到50°C)。任何暴露在外的路面部分的維護(hù)工作都是很困難進(jìn)行的，所以不得不頻繁地將其關(guān)閉。即使是關(guān)閉的路面和管線的維護(hù)也將受到冬季氣候的影響。在冬天過(guò)后冰的消融也會(huì)是危險(xiǎn)強(qiáng)烈的并且會(huì)對(duì)普通的橋墩造成毀滅性的破壞。這就需要沿著海床布置具有特殊形狀的大橋墩以保證橋的穩(wěn)定性。位于愛(ài)德華王子島和新布朗斯威克之間的聯(lián)邦大橋就面臨著類似的問(wèn)題，只不過(guò)它受影響的范圍要小得多。

The United States and Canada use the British and now world standard gauge(4 feet, 8.5 inches wide)rails, while Russia uses Russian broad gauge(5 feet wide)tracks, a

break-of-gauge, and this would have to be addressed.A dual-gauge track network has been proposed, as those are used in some areas of Australia, whose rail network is split into different gauges.A cheaper solution is variable gauge axles or bogie exchange, as used at several places in the world already.美國(guó)和加拿大的鐵路采用英國(guó)的也是現(xiàn)在的世界標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌距（4英尺，8.5英寸寬），而俄羅斯的鐵路采用俄羅斯寬軌距（5英尺寬），需要說(shuō)明的是這樣就形成了具有不同軌距的鐵路。一個(gè)具有雙軌距的鐵路網(wǎng)方案被提了出來(lái)，這種方案正在澳大利亞某些地區(qū)使用，他們的鐵路網(wǎng)就為存在不同的軌距。一個(gè)造價(jià)更低的解決方案就是使用變軌距車輪或轉(zhuǎn)向車，這種方案已經(jīng)在世界多個(gè)地方使用了。

土木工程翻譯---施工安全

1、水平安全繩之設(shè)置，應(yīng)依下列規(guī)定辦理：

a、采用￠8.3鋼絲繩，兩端各用三個(gè)U型卡扣緊固在建筑物或構(gòu)筑物牢固位置。

b、相鄰兩支柱間的安全繩限系掛一條安全帶。

c、每條安全繩可系掛安全帶之條數(shù)標(biāo)示于繩錨錠端。

2、垂直安全繩之設(shè)置，應(yīng)依下列規(guī)定辦理： a、安全繩之下端應(yīng)有防止安全帶鎖扣自尾端脫落之設(shè)施。

b、一條安全繩限供一名工人使用。

c、勞工作業(yè)或爬升位置之水平間距在一米以下者，得二人共享一條安全繩。

d、所有垂直安全繩應(yīng)垂伸至地面/已完成樓板。

e、完成檢驗(yàn)的安全帶或安全繩皆應(yīng)貼上下表所示的當(dāng)月合格顏色標(biāo)簽，以利大家輕易分辨已完成檢驗(yàn)的合格安全帶。

f、在吊籃內(nèi)施工，安全帶必須系掛在安全繩自鎖器上，不得系掛在除安全繩以外的任何地方。

g、施工人員應(yīng)配備工具箱，將所用小附件裝箱存放，小工具必須拴繩使用，防止高空墜落傷及人、物。臨邊物

料的擺放不得隨意放置，要距離樓板邊緣至少1米以上的安全位置，防止風(fēng)吹或人碰落樓下，傷及人、物。h、擺放如玻璃、箱體等大件物體時(shí)，必須有安全保護(hù)措施，如大尺寸規(guī)格的玻璃（2.4平方米以上的）要求對(duì)

稱擺放在玻璃架子兩側(cè)，并用繩子捆綁牢固，成箱的玻璃盡量集中存放，玻璃箱傾斜墊牢，并用木板將各木箱相連接，以免倒塌。

i、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)置急救箱，在高溫季節(jié)給工人發(fā)放防暑降溫物品。

我的譯文：

1.The setup of horizontal safety rope should comply with the followingprovisions:

a.￠8.3 wire rope should be applied.Three U-shaped claspsshould be used one both

ends to tighten onto the stable places on the buildingor structure.b.Only one safety belt could be tied on the safety rope between two adjacentstrut rods.c.The number of safety belt allowed to be tied should be marked on the head ofthe

rope’s anchor.2.The setup of vertical safety rope should comply with the following provisions:

a.At lower end of the safety rope, there should be facilities to prevent the fastener of safety

belt from falling off from the caudal end.b.One safetyrope should only be used by on worker.c.When horizontal distance between the operation or climbing position of workers iswithin one meter, one safety rope should be shared by two workers.d.All the vertical safety rope should draw down to ground/completed floor.e.The followingstick in colors should be stuck onto safety belts or safety ropes after test todisplay test passing of current month.In this way, qualified safety belt aftertest would be easy to recognize.f.During operation in basket, safety belt must be tied onto the self-lock of the safetyrope;tying onto any places besides safety rope is prohibited.g.Builder should be equipped with tool box.Small accessories should be kept in the boxand fastened to rope when in use to prevent from being dropped from height andhitting people or objects.Material and supplies at the edge of construction area should not be placed at will;more than one meter’s distance from the edgeof the floor is considered safe location for placing;in this way, droppingcaused by wind or man and hitting people or objects could be avoided.h.when big objects such as glass or boxes are placed, safety protection measures must becarried out.For example, glass of big dimensions(above 2.4 square meters)should be placed onto the two sides of the glass shelf with symmetry, and boundand fastened with rope.Glass in boxes should be placed together at one placeas much as possible.Boxes of Glass should be well padded to prevent fromslant.Wood-blocks should be used to joint all boxes to prevent from collapse.i.First-aidbox should be placed at construction site.Workers should be given heat controlarticles in high temperature season.