第一篇：《簡愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識
學(xué)科代碼：050201
貴州師范大學(xué)求是學(xué)院
（本科）畢業(yè)論文
論《簡愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識
系
別：外語系 專
業(yè)：英語教育 班
級：2010級4班 學(xué)
號： 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師：
論《簡愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識
摘 要：《簡·愛》是現(xiàn)實主義時期著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品,她被認為是一位卓越的女作家。因為她在小說中描述的是與傳統(tǒng)不同的女主人公簡·愛勇于追求自由、平等和獨立的精神。它也是作者的自傳體小說。小說通過對簡·愛的性格進行剖析，證明了簡·愛是一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的女權(quán)主義者。簡·愛這個人物形象，博得讀者的愛憐，在英國文學(xué)史上是位具有代表性的人物，不僅表現(xiàn)在外表的樸實無華，而且還表現(xiàn)在她性格上的獨特魅力。簡·愛因其性格中所具有的強烈反抗意識而特別地引人注目。她堅持自己的原則去不斷反抗不公平的社會。她用盡全力去追求自由，平等，獨立和真愛。經(jīng)過堅持不懈的努力她最終獲得自尊，自由和真愛。
關(guān)鍵詞：女權(quán);反叛;獨立;平等;真愛
I
II
Analysis of the Feminism Consciousness
in Jane Eyre
Abstract:Jane Eyre is the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an extraordinary woman novelist.Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine’s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence.It is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.This essay attempts to prove Jane is a real feminist through the analysis of her personality.Jane Eyre is a typical and magnificent representative in English literature, not only for her plain but famous appearance but also for her character’s outstanding and alien.The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character.She always insists on her principle to rebel and fight against the unjust world bravely.She still tries her best to pursue freedom, equality, independence and true love.By unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity, freedom and true love.Key word: feminist;rebel;independence;equality;true love
III
目錄
摘要............................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。Abstract.....................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。前 言.........................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
一、作者女權(quán)主義思想的產(chǎn)生.........................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
（一）作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特的介紹.....................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
（二）作品《簡愛》的介紹.................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
二、《簡愛》中女權(quán)主義思想...........................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
（一）自尊心、自信心、反抗精神.....................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
（二）簡愛的愛情觀.............................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
（三）簡愛的獨立性.............................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
三、《簡愛》中女權(quán)主義反抗意識.................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
（一）為生存而戰(zhàn).................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
（二）為獲得認同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn).............................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
（三）為獨立平等而戰(zhàn).........................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
四、結(jié)語..................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。參考文獻..................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。致謝............................................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。獨 創(chuàng) 性 聲 明....................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。授 權(quán) 申 明.........................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。
IV
前 言
當(dāng)今社會，女權(quán)主義受到越來越多人的重視，女權(quán)主義泛指婦女要求平等權(quán)利的社會思潮。又稱男女平權(quán)主義、男女平等主義。女權(quán)主義是近代資產(chǎn)階級啟蒙思想運動和婦女解放運動的產(chǎn)物，提倡婦女在人類生活所有領(lǐng)域與男子具有同等權(quán)利。女權(quán)主義具有廣泛的文化內(nèi)涵，涉及政治、經(jīng)濟、法律、教育、宗教、倫理等領(lǐng)域。
在19世紀(jì)的英國，一位批評現(xiàn)實主義的文學(xué)女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特寫出了一部代表女性主義思想的小說—《簡·愛》。這部小說是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“詩意的生平寫照”。書中的主人公簡·愛是一個心地純潔、善于思考的女性。她生活在社會底層，受盡磨難，但她有倔強的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。這部小說以濃郁抒情的筆法和深刻細膩的心理描寫，引人入勝地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的愛情經(jīng)歷，歌頌了擺脫一切舊習(xí)俗和偏見，扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)之上的深摯愛情，具有強烈的震撼心靈的藝術(shù)力量。它最為成功之處在于塑造了一個敢于反抗，敢于爭取自由和平等地位的婦女形象。
一、作者女權(quán)主義思想的產(chǎn)生
（一）作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特的介紹
《簡·愛》的作者--夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)，生于1816年英國北部的一個鄉(xiāng)村牧師家庭。她所生活的的三十年間正是英國社會動蕩的時代。資本主義正在發(fā)展并越來越暴露它內(nèi)在的缺陷；勞資之間矛盾尖銳化；失業(yè)工人的貧困；大量的童工被殘酷地折磨至死。社會和時代的不幸已經(jīng)讓這位女作家的家庭窮困潦倒，家庭的不幸更是讓她陷入巨大的困境當(dāng)中。母親早逝，八歲的夏洛蒂被送進一所專收神職人員孤女的慈善性機構(gòu)。在那里生活條件極其惡劣，她的兩個姐姐瑪麗亞和伊麗莎白因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米莉回到家鄉(xiāng)，在荒涼的約克郡山區(qū)度過了童年。
15歲時她進了伍勒小姐辦的學(xué)校讀書，幾年后又在這個學(xué)校當(dāng)教師。后來她曾作家庭教師，但因不能忍受貴婦人、闊小姐對家庭教師的歧視和刻薄，放棄了家庭教
小說主要描寫了簡·愛與羅契斯特的愛情。簡·愛的愛情觀更加深化了她的個性。她認為愛情應(yīng)該建立在精神平等的基礎(chǔ)上，而不應(yīng)取決于社會地位、財富和外貌。只有男女雙方彼此真正相愛，才能得到真正的幸福。在追求個人幸福時，簡·愛表現(xiàn)出異乎尋常的純真、樸實的思想感情和勇往直前的勇氣。她并沒有因為自己的仆人地位而放棄對幸福的追求，她的愛情是純潔高尚的，她對羅契斯特的財富不屑一顧，她之所以鐘情于他，就是因為他能平等待人，把她視作朋友，與她坦誠相見。對羅契斯特說來，簡·愛猶如一股清新的風(fēng)，使他精神為之一振。羅契斯特過去看慣了上層社會的冷酷虛偽，簡·愛的純樸、善良和獨立的個性重新喚起他對生活的追求和向往。因而他能真誠地在簡面前表達他的愿望和改過的決心。
簡·愛同情羅契斯特不幸的命運，認為他的錯誤是客觀環(huán)境造成的。盡管他其貌不揚，后來又破產(chǎn)成了殘廢，但她看到的是他內(nèi)心的美和令人同情的不幸命運，所以最終與他結(jié)婚。小說通過羅契斯特兩次截然不同的愛情經(jīng)歷，批判了以金錢為基礎(chǔ)的婚姻和愛情觀，并始終把簡·愛和羅契斯特之間的愛情描寫為思想、才能、品質(zhì)與精神上的完全默契。
簡·愛是個不甘忍受社會壓迫、勇于追求個人幸福的女性。無論是她的貧困低下的社會地位，或是她那漂泊無依的生活遭遇，都是當(dāng)時英國下層人民生活的真實寫照。作者能夠把一個來自社會下層的覺醒中的新女性擺到小說的主人公地位，并對主人公為反抗壓迫和社會偏見、力爭獨立的人格和尊嚴(yán)、為追求幸福生活所作的頑強斗爭加以熱情歌頌，這在當(dāng)時的文學(xué)作品中是難能可貴的。簡·愛平凡的外表下面隱藏著不朽的靈魂，在這個平庸的世界上顯得異常珍貴，灼然奪目。她的不屈不撓，勇于抗?fàn)幍木裰该髁艘粭l女性的道路，告訴天下所有的女性：要敢于對不公的命運說不，勇敢的追求自由、平等和幸福。
二、《簡愛》中女權(quán)主義思想
（一）自尊心、自信心、反抗精神
幼年時的簡.愛由于父母雙雙染病去世，她被送到蓋茨赫德莊園，寄居在舅舅家中?？裳┥霞铀氖巧w茨赫德的原主人里德先生—簡愛的舅舅也過早的棄她而去。舅媽覺得她是一個“天性惡毒、想法卑劣、特別愛撒謊”的人，于是對她百般刁難。表
[2]
德府使簡愛感受到“這兒有想象中的完美無缺的家庭安樂氣氛”。事實證明了她的預(yù)感的正確性，后來她成了羅切斯特的妻子果真成了這個家庭中的成員。
這個家的主人叫羅切斯特，他是個苦命的人，頑固的封建倫理道德釀成了羅切斯特的不幸婚姻。他大學(xué)畢業(yè)后在父親的安排下他娶了心胸狹窄的梅森小姐為妻。盡管美森的外表靚麗，然而她的脾氣確實極端的壞，她與羅切斯特的志趣格格不入。羅切斯特痛苦地感覺到“我們之間根本無法進行親切的交談，因為不管我談起什么話題馬上就會從她那兒聽到既粗俗又陳腐、既乖張又愚蠢的回答”。
當(dāng)羅切斯特第一次看到簡愛時他就感到了“有一種全新的東西一種新的活力和新的感覺不知不覺傳便了我的全身”。這種新的感覺其實就是羅切斯特的真愛之夢將成為現(xiàn)實，這種感覺和簡愛所預(yù)見的感覺一樣也是正確的。從和簡愛相見、相識到相愛的過程當(dāng)中，簡愛的那種叛逆精神、自強自尊的品質(zhì)深深地征服了羅切斯特，而羅切斯特的優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度和淵博知識同樣也征服了簡愛。
簡愛與羅切斯特的婚姻變故促使她離開了桑菲爾德府，離開了她心愛的羅切斯特。經(jīng)過了寒冷饑餓的折磨無家可歸的簡愛終于進了她的人生的又一個驛站—圣約翰家。對于親情的十分看重當(dāng)她從叔叔那里繼承了兩萬英鎊的遺產(chǎn)時，她毫不猶豫地決定和她的三個表哥、表姐平分這份遺產(chǎn)?？梢娫诤啇鄣难壑绣X盡管很重要，但是比起親情來就顯得微不足道了。這與當(dāng)時一切以錢為中心的人際關(guān)系形成了鮮明的對比。她認為“我不至于自私自利到不講情義，不講公道到不分是非，忘恩負義到不像人樣”[2]。這是她對當(dāng)時的金錢社會的有力抨擊和尖銳的痛恨。
圣約翰是一個知識淵博，長相英俊的傳教士。但是他不會享受生活的樂趣，整天到晚和時間挑戰(zhàn)。他認為工作是高于一切的，甚至包括生命和愛情。圣約翰為了他的偉大事業(yè)到東方印度傳教，他十分痛苦地壓抑了這份欲望。簡愛對于他的選擇簡直是不可思議，有愛卻不敢愛，有了愛情卻不敢追求。另一方面當(dāng)圣約翰發(fā)覺，簡愛是一個有見識、有才智的女子的時候，他就向簡愛求婚了，不是因為他愛簡愛，而是因為他知道，如果娶簡愛為妻，對他的事業(yè)將是一個很大的幫助。這是多么自私的想法。
簡愛和羅切斯特的心靈感應(yīng)使他們走到了一塊，盡管當(dāng)簡愛回到桑菲爾德府時她面對的是一個雙眼已瞎，一只手已經(jīng)殘廢的羅切斯特。但是，在簡愛看來這些都是不重要的。只要羅切斯特愛她她也愛羅切斯特就已經(jīng)足夠了。她毅然與羅切斯特結(jié)婚，當(dāng)起了羅切斯特的妻子和護士。兩年以后命運垂青了，這么一對恩愛的夫妻他們有了自己的孩子。羅切斯特的一只眼睛也恢復(fù)了視力，他們過著幸福的生活。我們看到
（二）為獲得認同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn)
簡愛在被家人認為是“壞孩子”趕出來之后被送往孤兒院。（當(dāng)時看來是慈善學(xué)校的一種）通常在這里小孩受到壓迫和非人的虐待。她的視眼變得開闊了，性格中帶著更加憤怒的火花。由此可見，簡愛為獲得認同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn)在羅伍德學(xué)校漸漸發(fā)展起來。融科赫斯特先生是學(xué)校里最為貪婪虛偽的代表，對簡愛的最初印象是像動物一樣大大的鼻子，突出的門牙。他在學(xué)校懲罰人的責(zé)任稱為拯救所謂的靈魂，他迫使學(xué)校所有的女孩剪掉頭發(fā)，饑寒交迫，像奴隸一樣對待她們，簡愛也不例外。當(dāng)簡愛摔壞了凳子時受到公然懲罰。她被罰站在凳子上一個半小時，融科赫斯特先生不僅公然羞辱她而且宣布她是騙子。因此簡愛感到非常失望，此時此刻無法用語言表達她的痛苦?！拔蚁胱児裕诹_伍德學(xué)校我認真做事，學(xué)會尊重別人，我已經(jīng)取得了顯著地進步，成為班上第一名。米莉小姐經(jīng)常表揚我，疼普小姐笑著贊許我，我受到同學(xué)們的一致好評，在他們眼中我是平等的?！盵2]
為什么簡愛會想離開蓋茨黑德？原因是瑞德和他的家人對她漠不關(guān)心，她想受到家人的尊重。在她看來，人與人之間是平等的。所以她反對不合理的懲罰，視它為人格的侮辱，接著她開始為尊重而戰(zhàn)。如果別人不愛她，她寧愿去死也不愿活在這世上。由于融科赫斯特先生的謠言她受到其他同學(xué)的鄙視，尤其是她獲得老師和同學(xué)的尊重和認可后，她絕望了以至于不能正常學(xué)習(xí)直到后來天普小姐為她澄清污名，同學(xué)像以前那樣對待她才漸漸好起來。簡愛這才認為世界是如此美麗，也不再抱怨學(xué)校的伙食，盡管很難咽下。
（三）為獨立平等而戰(zhàn)
簡愛的獨立意識讓她在很小的時候就開始學(xué)著獨立，簡愛經(jīng)常提醒自己命運應(yīng)該掌握在自己手里，她拒絕羅切斯特送給她的珠寶和衣服，認為他所送的手鐲項鏈戒指等都是奴役的象征。盡管艾比德政府提供她一年30英鎊，簡愛還是繼續(xù)過著她平庸的生活，她覺得靠自己努力賺來的錢買衣服心安理得。這些行為不僅表現(xiàn)了簡愛女性獨立信念而且反應(yīng)了她渴望了解世界與不同人交流的思想。當(dāng)她在絲絨菲爾德莊園過著簡樸的生活時，開始后悔沒有出去旅游，向其他女性表達她的情感。
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)簡愛的生活一開始就沒有父母，沒有金錢，地位低下，惡劣的成長環(huán)境，也不漂亮但是足夠勇敢足夠堅強。她可能是社會上微不足道的人但卻是自己的主人。
勇敢果決的走出了灰姑娘的童話，邁向一個有著新女性、真女性的文學(xué)道路的起步。簡·愛藐視財富、社會地位和宗教的威儀，她認為，“真正的幸福，在于美好的精神世界和高尚純潔的心靈。”[10]她的信念和行動展現(xiàn)出來的力量，深深打動了一代又一代讀者的心，使生活在金錢萬能的社會中的人們的靈魂得到凈化。簡·愛是一個對自己的思想和人格有著理性認識的女性，一個對自己的幸福和情感有著堅定追求的性，一個不再只是盲從于男人和世俗要求的女性，一個對自己的價值和情感做出了獨立判斷的女性，一個堅強獨立的女性。夏洛蒂·勃朗特創(chuàng)造了一個前所未有的女性形象；簡·愛發(fā)出了一個屬于女性自己的聲音—對于平等、獨立、完整、自由的堅持和追求。作品當(dāng)中處處散發(fā)著女性主義的光輝，它所倡導(dǎo)的女性經(jīng)濟獨立意識，女性自我意識以及進步的婚姻觀，至今仍然閃爍著耀眼的光芒。它像是一個風(fēng)標(biāo)，指引著千千萬萬的女性去追求自由、平等和幸福。
但她的思想也有一定的局限性。縱觀夏洛蒂的人生路程，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)自卑感是籠罩其一生的陰影，所以，她筆下的人物有時也有一種自卑感。“窮、低微、矮小、不美”是簡·愛對自己的評價，這一客觀事實也是她產(chǎn)生自卑的根源。在這一評價之中，既有對自身形象的哀嘆，也有對家境出身的不滿。二者都對簡·愛的人生選擇產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。在自卑感作祟下，簡·愛在一定程度上認同了世俗的評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所以，即使贏得了羅切斯特的愛情，簡·愛也一直處于一種患得患失的狀態(tài)，沒有足夠的信心來維系這份感情，因為她隱隱感覺到世俗的強大力量在威脅著他們。[11]所以，當(dāng)知道閣樓上瘋女人的真實身份之后，簡·愛選擇了自我放逐。從心理上來說，這是一種逃避的行為，而自卑心理正是導(dǎo)致回避行為的主因。
她還無法擺脫的男權(quán)束縛作為女權(quán)主義的先驅(qū)者，夏洛蒂塑造的簡·愛在一定程度上突破了維多利亞時代女性存在價值的限定。但是，長期沿襲下來的男權(quán)文化和男權(quán)話語的負面影響不可能在一夜之間就徹底肅清。她只是在家庭或經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域內(nèi)關(guān)注女性，而沒有深入更廣泛的社會領(lǐng)域，即政治層面。
夏洛蒂僅僅局限于表現(xiàn)在婚姻和家庭中，女性的遭遇以及她們對男權(quán)主義的憤怒和反抗上面，卻并沒有揭示女性問題的實質(zhì)，當(dāng)然也沒有指出實現(xiàn)女性解放的有效途徑，更無法體會到女性解放只有建立在女性價值的全面實現(xiàn)，建立在社會壓抑的解除和女性的徹底解放上。這樣，夏洛蒂一方而期盼著女性有獨立自主的意識，一方而卻又無法擺脫時代傳統(tǒng)觀念束縛。就像她的作品《簡愛》中主人公簡愛以一個“拯救者”的身份回歸家庭。這體現(xiàn)出了夏洛蒂女權(quán)主義思想的局限性，即她認為女人的幸福仍
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參考文獻
[1]陸揚,張艷.拉康與弗洛伊德:無意識結(jié)構(gòu)的語言分析[J].西北師范大學(xué)學(xué)報,2005(7).[2]Bronte Charlotte·Jane Eyre [M].Beijing: Yili People’s Publishing House，2002：23-24.[3] 魏琴.試析女性主義意識在《簡·愛》中的體現(xiàn)[J].文化研究.2009(12): 249-250.[4]朱虹.《簡愛》與女性意識[J].河南大學(xué)學(xué)報，1987:5．
[5]路甬祥.簡愛的性格分析 [M].北京 : 北京大學(xué)出版社，2006:73-76.[6]吳 朋.《簡愛》中簡愛的人格魅力 [J].外語界，2001(6):16-21.[7]王惠昭．淺析《簡愛》中的女性價值觀 [M]．外語與外語教學(xué)，2001:29-31.[8]朱虹.最后一幅素描[M].天津：百花文藝出版社，2008.[9]夏洛特·勃朗特著.《簡愛》，黃源深譯.南京：意林出版社，2006(11).[10] 劉淑華.淺談筒愛的性格：反抗與獨立[J].沈陽師范學(xué)院學(xué)報，1994(4).[11] 趙海虹.《簡愛》的失敗[J].外國文學(xué)，2004.21314-
第二篇：《簡愛》中女權(quán)主義意識(英文)
青島理工大學(xué)琴島學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文用紙
摘 要
《簡·愛》是現(xiàn)實主義時期著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品,她被認為是一位卓越的女作家。因為她在小說中描述的是與傳統(tǒng)不同的女主人公簡·愛的勇于追求自由、平等和獨立精神。它也是作者的自傳體小說。通過對簡·愛的性格進行剖析，證明了簡·愛是一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的女權(quán)主義者。簡·愛這個人物形象，博得讀者的愛憐，在英國文學(xué)史上是位具有代表性的人物，不僅表現(xiàn)在外表的樸實無華，而且表現(xiàn)在她性格上的獨特魅力。簡·愛因其性格中所具有的強烈反抗意識而特別地引人注目。她堅持自己的原則去不斷反抗不公平的社會。她用盡全力去追求自由，平等，獨立和真愛。經(jīng)過堅持不懈的努力她最終獲得自尊，自由和真愛。
關(guān)鍵詞：女權(quán), 反叛, 獨立,平等, 真愛
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ABSTRACT
Jane Eyre is the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an extraordinary woman novelist.Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine‘s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence.It is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.This essay attempts to prove Jane is a real feminist through the analysis of her personality.Jane Eyre is a typical and magnificent representative in English literature, not only for her plain but famous appearance but also for her character‘s outstanding and alien thoughts.The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character.She always insists on her principle to rebel and fights bravely against the unjust world.She still tries her best to pursue freedom, equality, independence and true love.By unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity, freedom and true love.KEY WORDS: feminist, rebel, independence, equality, true love
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Contents
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………..(9)Chapter One The Development of Jane Eyre‘s Resistance ……………………...(10)
1.1 Outburst period at Gateshead …………………………………………...(10)
1.2 Jane‘s resistance at Lowood Institution ………………………………(11)1.3 The perfection period at Thornfield and Moor House ………………….(13)Chapter Two Jane Eyre‘s Pursuit of Independence and Freedom ……………….(14)2.1 Jane begins to realize the importance of independence and freedom …(14)2.2 Jane gains strength from her teacher and her friend to achieve her
independence ………………………………………………………....(14)2.3 Jane develops her independence fully and learns the pleasure of it......(15)Chapter Three Jane Eyre‘s Attitude Towards Love ……………………………(18)3.1 True love should be based on equality and mutual understanding………..(18)3.2 The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love ……........(19)Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………….(23)Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………(24)Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………(25)
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Introduction
Charlotte Bronte, an English writer, is a great critical realist in the 19th century.She writes lots of works in her life.She sets to work on a new novel, Jane Eyre, which is published in August, 1847.Jane Eyre is her masterpiece which is a world famous novel.Jane Eyre has been translated into many languages and is always high in reading popularity.Jane Eyre, a plain, timid, weak and pale girl who appears to be a heroine, exists in numerous people’s minds.It seems to be a strange phenomenon.How can she arouse the eminent attention of the readers throughout the world? Because Jane Eyre stands for an idealized woman in the 19th century.Charlotte Bronte aims at awakening women's consciousness and courage to equal rights and freedom.Jane Eyre cuts a completely new woman image.She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for the recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.Jane strives with all difficulties to gain women’s liberation and to pursue freedom, equality and true love.The analysis of Jane‘s personalities and her attitudes toward love has shown partly Jane‘s love — a kind of direct, enthusiastic and faithful love.The story of the independent-minded Jane and her love affair with Mr.Rochester opens up new dimension for women.She is a typical character of awakening bourgeois intellectual women.The heroine Jane moves most readers as a kind and unique image in spite of her plainness, poverty and low position.The profound meaning of Jane‘s personalities makes this novel an extremely important work lists in the history of world literature as well as in the English literature.第9頁
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Chapter One The Development of Jane Eyre’s Resistance
1.1 Outburst period at Gateshead
Jane Eyre seems to be pale, thin and weak.She is like a piece of dust, nobody pays attention to her.At any time she may disappear.She was born an orphan, with an unfortunate family and long time repressive feeling;she builds up her resistant emotion.Under this background, everyone looks down upon her.Jane asks herself ―why was I always suffering, always browbeaten, always abused, for ever condemned.‖(Bronte, 2002:13)Her reason says ―unjust!-unjust!‖(Bronte, 2002:14)A first angry voice bursts out from her deep heart.When John beats her again, she attacks him viciously.She shouts at him, ―Wicked and cruel boy!You are like a murderer —you are like a slave-driver—you are like the Roman emperors!“(Bronte, 2002:7)When Mrs.Reed tells Mr.Brocklehurst that Jane has a bad character and a deceitful disposition, she defends that ―I am not deceitful: if I were, I should say I loved you;but I declare I do not love you: I dislike you the worst of anybody in the world except John Reed;and this book about the liar, you may give it to your girl, Georgiana, for it is she who tells lies, and not I.”(Bronte, 2002:48)However, Jane is a brave soldier who dares to face up all kinds of injustice and fights against them.Before she leaves Gateshead, she rebukes her aunt‘s cruelty, ―How dare I, Mrs.Reed? How dare I? Because it is the truth.You think I have no feelings and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness;but I cannot live so: and you have no pity.I shall remember how you thrust me back—roughly and violently thrust me back—into the red-room, and locked me up there, to my dying day;though I was in agony;though I cried out, while suffocating with distress, ?Have mercy!Have mercy, Aunt Reed!‘ And that punishment you made me suffer because your wicked boy struck me—knocked me down for nothing.I will tell anybody who asks me questions, this exact tale.People think you a good woman, but you are bad, hard-hearted.You are deceitful!‖(Bronte, 2002:49)Jane suffers various violent treatments by her aunt and
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cousins;she tries her best to be a good girl but only results in failure in Mrs.Reed‘s eyes.Jane resists and resists, but finally breaks out and speaks all her anger;Jane‘s courage frightens Mrs.Reed, for she knows Jane is right.In those days at Gateshead Hall, Jane's strong, brave and unbending characteristics are expressed step by step.Her every behavior shows her great indignation.Isolation, poverty, discrimination and oppression cause her to revolt against the unfair society in her own way.Jane is driven away from and escapes from Reed‘s house partly because of fearless courage.Jane fights not only for just treatment, but also for equality.This is the first step of the development of Jane Eyre‘s rebellious character.1.2 Jane’s resistance at Lowood Institution Lowood Institution is a charity school for poor clergymen‘s daughters.Jane lives here for eight years.Her rebellious sprits become mature.In fact it is a hell for poor girls.The school is like a prison dominated by cold, implacable cruelty and Brocklehurst.Children here are not supplied with enough food, clothes and good treatment of disease.Many of them die of illness.They have no love and sympathy at all, living in hunger and cold.Children must pray for God and thank for oppressors.Helen, a clever, intelligent and beautiful girl receives curse and beat, finally loses her young life.She believes in God.She says to Jane, ―I am sure there is a future state;I believe God is good;I can resign my immortal part to Him without any misgiving.God is my father;God is my friend: I love Him;I believe He loves me.‖(Bronte, 2002:121)Just because of these ideas, Helen hasn‘t a little rebel against that kind of cruel treatment.However Jane is not like Helen.She always tries to rebel, though she is still a child.She tells Helen: ―A great deal: you are good to those who are good to you.It is all I ever desire to be.If people were always kind and obedient to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way: they would never feel afraid, and so they would never alter, but would grow worse and worse.When we are struck at without a reason, we should strike back again very hard;I am sure we
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should—so hard as to teach the person who struck us never to do it again."(Bronte, 2002:82)This rhythmic and forceful speech embodies the deep bourgeois oppression of the lower women and Jane‘s rebellious spirit.To achieve independence as an equal human, Jane never yields to fate and background.She does as she says.Her attitude towards her cousins, her aunt and Mr.Brocklehurst all proves it.Another woman, Miss Temple, is also admired and deeply loved by Jane.Miss Temple‘s learning stimulates Jane‘s longing for intelligence and Miss Temple‘s kindness stirs up her enthusiasm for ideal life.So when Miss Temple leaves Lowood, Jane can‘t put up with dullness and isolation there.She thinks that now she is left in her natural element, and begins to feel the stirring of old emotions.Jane looks forward to a new life and a free sky.No matter what will happen in the future, she will face it bravely.The rebellious fury is burnt again.Then Jane makes an advertisement and gets a governess profession at Thornfield.In this period, Jane‘s rebellious spirit is up to a new standard and catches a more profound meaning.Her fighting is not only against a person, but against the social convention.1.3 The perfection period at Thornfield and Moor House At Thornfield, Jane, as a grown-up, changes her harshness into a refined woman with good education, delicacy of feeling and gentleness of manners.At Thornfield she gets along well with everyone.Jane is mild to everyone.Adele, a girl without talent is carefully taught by Jane and made safe and happy.In such a wild world, she forgets her pain and her misery.Furthermore, she learns to be tolerant to others‘ shortcomings.Hearing that Mrs.Reed is dying, she comes back soon to Gateshead.Although she once has told Mrs.Reed that she never wants to see her again, she forgets and forgives her.Jane‘s delicate feeling is best revealed when she meets Rochester, who is hurt.She gives him a hand in a polite way.In spite of his rude rejection, she says, ―I can not think of leaving you, sir, at so late an hour, in this solitary lane, till I see you are fit to mount your horses.‖(Bronte, 2002:173)
When Jane falls in love with Rochester, she is awaken and still keeps her resistance;she makes her every effort to rebel against social prejudice and customs，第12頁
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struggling for independence and true love.She dares to say ―no‖ to anyone, including her master, Mr.Rochester who is domineering and arrogant.When she talks with Mr.Rochester, she doesn‘t avoid saying what she thinks whether Mr.Rochester is happy or not.On the wedding between Jane and Rochester, Jane is told that Rochester has married before.Bertha Mason, a mad woman is his wife who has been living in Thornfield.At the bad news, Jane knows if she lives with him, she will fall into the category of mistress and lose her respect.The dream of freedom, happiness and the independence which she was looking forward to would become fancies.The strength of reason is power over emotion.Jane leaves Thornfield resolutely to meet unknown fate in the future.When she almost starves to death, St.John helps her.Jane‘s spirit of revolt is obviously expressed by her refusal of St.John‘s offer of marriage.Jane never changes her will to follow St.John.She thinks, ―If I join St.John, I abandon half myself, if I go to India, I go to premature death‖, ―if I do make the sacrifice he urges, I will make it absolutely: I will throw all on the altar—heart, vitals, the entire victim.‖(Bronte, 2002:642)Jane says to St.John, ―I scorn your idea of love.‖(Bronte, 2002:649)Jane dares to rebel against St.John‘s offer because she thinks they are equal.She has the right to rebel against him.This period is the perfection of Jane Eyre‘s rebellions.第13頁
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Chapter Two Jane Eyre’s Pursuit of Independence and
Freedom
2.1 Jane begins to realize the importance of independence and freedom
Independence is the outstanding quality throughout the whole process of the novel.Jane Eyre is not pretty and her character is unique.She is maltreated by her cousins and aunt.One day, when Jane takes John‘s book to read, he beats her once more.John says that Jane has no business to take his books;―You have no business to take our books;you are a dependant, mama says, you have no money;your father left you none;you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen‘s children like us, and eat the same meals we do, and wear clothes at our mama‘s expense‖.(Bronte, 2002:7)When she fights against him severely, she is sent to Red Room.In the Red Room, she is frightened, but she keeps a clear mind that she realizes she needs to be saved from her blind fear of authority and be self-reliant.Her mind is in tumult, and all her heart in insurrection, her reason says ―unjust!I never compromise to them.I shall be independent.‖(Bronte, 2002:14)She hates Gateshead, hates everyone there.She hates Mrs.Reed who is a bad, hard-hearted woman.She treats her with miserable cruelty.Gateshead is a shelter for her, which teaches her a lot of things.Only when she is independent, can she be respected by others.After all, she is a little girl, it is hard for her to be economically independent.Therefore, she decides to be independent, self-sufficient in her mind.The Reeds are really mean to her and she thinks they suck.Of course, the feeling is mutual.Therefore, she is spared from the Reeds and is sent to a low budget orphan school called Lowood Institution.2.2 Jane gains strength from her teacher and her friend to achieve her independence
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At Lowood Institution, under the hypocritical Evangelicalism of the headmaster, Mr.Brocklehurst, she suffers further privation in the austere environment.The condition there is disgusting, but Jane doesn‘t submit to it.She gains her strength from her teacher and her fellow students to achieve her independence.Maria Temple, an independent woman, is the headmaster of the Institution.She is a responsible teacher, and kind to the students, even the low students.Consequently, she gains respect and popularity from the people around her.From Maria Temple, Jane learns that independence is a very important thing for everyone.In our modern society, it seems to be more important to be independent.Jane learns the importance of duty and self-control through the friendship with Helen.At the beginning, Jane has much sympathy for Helen.Because Helen doesn‘t dare to fight against the person who insults her.When Helen is to be flogged and to be asked to stand in the middle of a room that full of people.Jane thinks that Helen should turn against others when she is bullied;she should resist against Miss Scatcherd, and dislike Miss Scatcherd.From these we can see that Jane is not obedient to anyone if someone bullies her, she will do the same thing to others.As known to all, it is not violence that best overcomes hatred, nor vengeance that most certainly heals injury.And Jane learns these from Helen.Jane is deeply moved by Helen‘s actions and words.―Yet it would be your duty to bear it, if you could not avoid it: it is weak and silly to say you cannot bear what your fate to be required to bear‖.(Bronte, 2002:79)Then through the friendship with Helen, she learns to be self-control in a certain degree.―It is far better to endure patiently a smart which nobody feels but yourself, than to commit a hasty action whose evil consequences will extend to all connected with you;and besides, the Bible bids us return good for evil‖.(Bronte, 2002:79)
Jane stays at Lowood for 8 years.She attempts to do well in all aspects.She makes rapid progress both in study and work.She becomes stronger than before in her heart.The idea of breaking out the conservative puritan life does not occur to her.She longs for a new form of life.So she gets a job by herself.第15頁
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2.3 Jane develops her independence fully and learns the pleasure of it In order to lead a life of independence, Jane works as a governess at Thornfield Hall.She is looks down upon by the rich ladies of the fashionable society, but she never despises herself, she never feels herself inferior.She is satisfied with, and even proud of her honest, independent work.She loves Rochester who is in a large possession of fortune and in a high social position, but she never thinks of relying on these things.Once she immediately answers Rochester‘s question about what else she needs, by saying, ―Your regard: and if I give mine in return, that debt will be quit.‖(Bronte, 2002:424)This kind of independence is irrevocable out of her pure soul which hasn‘t been contaminated by the earthy care at all and represented the pure uprightness.When the happiness reaches the highest point where she is about to be the dreamy person‘s wife, Jane keeps a clear mind, protecting her independence and her personality.She refuses all the precious gifts that could have been owned as a fiancee and reminded Rochester again and again of the responsibility she should continue to fulfill as a governess.As Rochester‘s bride, she continues to be Adele‘s governess;when Rochester intends to give her a lot of jewelry and beautiful clothes, she refuses.Generally, beautiful clothes and jewelries are the favorite things to women.Jane thinks that real love is not based on money and jewelry.Her love doesn‘t mix with other strange ideas.In her opinion, self-respect, independence and equal rights are the fundamental elements of one‘s love.She doesn‘t want to be the slave of money, and she doesn‘t want to rely on others.They fall in deep love with each other.Rochester doesn‘t want Jane to go on working，he wishes Jane belongs to him and considers Jane as his property．Jane refuses his suggestion without any hesitation．In her opinion，if she loses her job, she must depend on Rochester to live，thus independence says goodbye to her.She doesn‘t want to be a thing of Rochester.At last, she decides to preserve her independence.With the news coming that Rochester‘s wife is still alive, Jane is driven back to her original status.It means that Jane is just a lover to him.By this time, there are two roads in front of her: One is to be the lover of Rochester.The other is away from
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Rochester to begin a new life.Actually, it‘s very sad for Jane to leave the place she liked, and the man she deeply loved.However, Jane is the unique!She is determined to leave Thornfield without any hesitation.As we know that nothing can succeed in confining her before her resistant spirit.The powerful shout of the born independent spirit from her heart remains her independence.The natural strength of independence overwhelms her, ―still indomitable was the reply—I care for myself.The more solitary, the more friendless, and the more unsustained I can be, the more I will respect myself.‖(Bronte, 2002:467)With Jane and Rochester‘s suffering the readers‘ compassion is also aroused besides the feeling of pity.There is no defying that the blood of independence is going through Jane‘s whole body from the day she was born.Fleeing from calamity solitarily, she does not hesitate all prices to maintain her own personality, dignity, and rebellions and independence is portrayed more perfect, and richer.Nowadays, as to women, we can‘t depend on men completely.We should earn money through our efforts, we must be independent, never be subsidiary to others.In order to get dignity, freedom and independence, she runs away.At the prerequisite of maintaining her own character she doesn‘t take the jewelry and clothes which Rochester gives her.Jane arrives at the desolate crossroads of whitcross and is reduced to begging for food.Fortunately, the Rivers siblings helped her.At Moor House, Jane learns the pleasure of self-sufficiency.She lives a happy life there.She develops great affection for the ladies, Diana and Mary, and they are really nice to her.Jane becomes spiritually stronger and more confident through the friendship with Diana and Mary.She doesn‘t want to live there for a long time.She intends to find a job to support herself, so St.John finds a job for her to teach at the local school.While teaching, she gains more social respect, and her students make progress quickly.Furthermore, the students and their parents like her very much.She is very happy and satisfied with her own conditions.As a teacher, her students‘ progress and popularity are the best gifts to her.第17頁
青島理工大學(xué)琴島學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文用紙
Chapter Three
Jane Eyre’s Attitude Towards Love
3.1 True love should be based on equality and mutual understanding From the strong ego and independent personality, Jane seeks for love which should be based on mutual understanding, equality, respect and attraction.Jane is a governess, who has the profession with very low social position.Nearly no one looks up on it at that time.Being born of second class, Jane is sensitive about her position in society.She hopes that she can live with the same self-esteem as everyone in the upper class.She works very hard to be a good lady to reach the norm which is required by the upper class.Then she is eager to be admitted by the man who she loves, i.e.Rochester.Generally speaking, people are often satisfied with beloved one‘s compliment.As for Jane, things are the same.Rochester is one of the members of the upper class.Rochester is a rich gentleman with high social status and reputation.But Rochester falls in love with Jane, so does Jane.Jane doesn‘t pay much attention to the difference between their social positions, because she only admires and believes in marriage based on true love.Humble job and poverty cannot stop her loving an upper class gentleman.On this point, she shows a woman's extra strength to take a risky love with Rochester and keeps her self-esteem.She respects the mutual equality of personality.Jane‘s viewpoint shows she has clear self-awake sense of love.As a woman living in the society unequal between men and women, Jane doesn‘t follow the outmoded conventions.She believes men and women are equal even if not in property, but in personality.When Rochester tells Jane that he is going to marry Miss Ingram and he insists that Jane must stay at Thornfield.Jane is angry at it.Let us see how Jane retorts to Rochester‘s teasing.―I tell you I must go!‖ ―Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?––a machine without feelings? And I can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from
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my lips? Do you think I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? In fact you think wrong!––I have as much soul as you, and full as much heart!And if God had gifted me with some beauty.and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh;it is my spirit that addressed your spirit;just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God‘s feet, equal,—as we are!‖(Bronte, 2002:396)Rochester understands fully and esteems her.Jane still maintains self-control and clear-headed when she becomes Rochester‘s fiancée.She wants to protect her honor and independence.When Rochester buys diamond necklace, bracelet, ring, etc., which means to bind her, she refuses those gifts and reminds her, ―I shall continue to act as Adele‘s governess;by that I shall earn my board and lodging, and thirty pounds a year besides.‖(Bronte, 2002:423)Thus she is such a person who regards her dignity sacredly and inviolably.Jane seeks for happiness and love, but she doesn‘t think love is supreme.She can throw away traditions to follow love, but she will never sacrifice her dignity and independence for the reason of love.Obtaining equality in life is Jane's ambition.It is equality that makes her love Rochester with all of her heart and soul;also it is equality that makes her leave Rochester with her disappointment and distress.Life is hard to Jane.On their wedding day, a secret is exposed that Rochester has a mad wife locked for several years, and then Jane resolutely gives up Rochester and is determined not to be a mistress.Jane's ambition, of course, forbids her to accept the unequal position of being the mistress of someone‘s husband.She has her self-respect and must keep her nobility.Being an illegal mistress benefits her nothing but reduces her virtue and demoralizes her personality.Then she would have to depend on Rochester and lose her quality, independence and freedom.So she chooses the distress of leaving Rochester to realize her pursuit.3.2 The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love At that time, women were first customarily dependent on their parents then upon
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青島理工大學(xué)琴島學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文用紙
husbands.Their parents tried their best to choose good husbands for their daughters.The choices of husbands and fates were determined by men‘s social positions and properties, rather than personalities and sincere emotions.Usually, women‘s rational consideration triumphed over their personal interests.A problem raises in the novel is the position of a woman in society.Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel, maintains that women should have equal rights with men.When she decides to leave her love, she is very sad.But Jane will feel unpeaceful if she does not leave and stays with Rochester as a lover.And she would not be her cousin‘s wife without love.It is very easy to choose one‘s own love in today‘s England.But it is not so easy to do it in the 18th and 19th century England.Jane thinks that it is a glorious thing to have the hope of living with him and being his wife.Jane loves him with her whole heart.They have a meeting of the mind.But in that social background, people pay too much attention to property, rank and status.If the disparity is great, a pair of lovers would suffer disagreement with their families and their friends.Mrs.Fairfax, one of Rochester‘s servants, is very surprised and feels puzzled that her master is madly clinging to Jane.In their opinion, Blanche Ingram, who is a typical representative of the rich class, is so beautifu1, rich and has the same high social position.She is regarded as Thornfield wife of Rochester in the future by most people.She is the ideal wife of Rochester.If Rochester marries Ingram, it is natura1．Because in that society，people‘s sense of love is on the basis of money.In their eyes，money is everything，money is marriage.For the sake of money they can marry anyone even though the husband or the wife is an idiot.So the marriage between Rochester and Ingram is fair and reasonable．In their opinion, Jane is an ordinary looking woman without wealth, so she can never match Rochester.But with the development of the plot，Miss Ingram is proven to be a loser．Rochester is deeply attracted by Jane and gives up Ingram.Jane defeats her though Jane has no property and beauty.Jane‘s plainness，poverty, position and disposition are contrasted to Ingram‘s obviously.Jane is kind，intelligent, sympathetic and thoughtful, while Ingram‘s minds is poor and hypocritica1.She has no sympathy at al1.She plans to
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青島理工大學(xué)琴島學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文用紙
marry Rochester only because of Rochester‘ s property，Ingram tries her best to fascinate Rochester again and again，unfortunately，she falls again and again.Jane is fully aware of it．She witnesses ―repeated failures‖．The party is the climax of the novel and the essence of the book.At the party，Jane‘s victory is complete.According to her beautiful personality and the strength of her noble spirit，Jane drives those aristocrats away from competitive stages．High position and great wealth shows by the noble class are put aside．Jane gets glorious victory．
The marriage pursued by women must be based on true love.She distains the money and hunt marriage, and looks down upon her artificial and hypocritical manners.The way she gets to know Rochester well is talking with him, observing him and getting agreements with him.She falls in love with Rochester not at the first sight but after a fairly long time of acquaintance.Before she completely knows Rochester Jane only takes him as the master and an object for talking.Every time she talks with him, her attitude to Rochester changes.Through communicating with each other by their minds, they gradually come to a harmony in spirit.Jane thinks, ―The ease of his manner freed me from painful restraint;the friendly frankness, correct as cordial，with which he heated me, drew me to him.I felt at times as if he were my relation rather than my master: yet he was imperious sometimes still;but 1 did not mind that.‖(Bronte, 2002:225)This is Jane's revelation of true feeling to Rochester.Only when Jane understands Rochester, can she appropriately analyse and accept Rochester‘s character.Understanding each other and getting harmonious in spirit，the solid base of their true love.Jane loves Rochester‘s value as a man, instead of his properties, social and family status.So, whether Rochester is a rich person in the upper-class society, or is afflicted with calamity and becomes totally-blinded disabled man;whether Jane is a poor and plain governess in Thornfield, or she becomes a rich heiress in one night.Nothing can change her steadfast love for Rochester.After leaving Rochester‘s home, Thornfield Hall, Jane walks and travels without any aim.She lives in hunger and cold.As she roams about a whit cross, she is nearly dead because she suffers terrible hardships.St.John helps her and saves her life.St
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John wants to marry Jane and takes her to India with him.Although he is a little merciful and handsome, he is also very harsh and arbitrary.He considers little of Jane‘s benefit.He does not respect her or give her selfless love.Jane says if she joins St John, she will abandon half herself and if she goes to India, she will go to premature death.Jane tells John that she does not believe in marriage without love, because she still loves Rochester deeply.Jane insists that true love should be based on equality, mutual understanding and respect.She knows that to marry such a stonehearted person is to become a tool of him to serve God, so she refuses John‘s proposal.She hears the voice of Rochester in her mind, then she comes back to look for Rochester.She learns that Thornfield Hall has been burnt down, and that Rochester, attempting vainly to save his mad wife from the fire, loses one of his hands, is blind in both eyes, and becomes a crippled man.Now Mr.Rochester is not as rich as he used to, and he is disabled.But Jane loves him more than ever.Jane decides to stay with him and look after him for all of her life.This pair of lovers comes together in the end.But in that society such a marriage is considered uncommon and untraditional.In their love affairs there exist various paradoxes and conflicts which linked equality.Through mutual understanding, they gain the love between them.Jane gets Rochester‘s love as well as equality.Their love is based on equal communication, equal understanding and equal spirit.As we know, Jane is deep in love with Mr.Rochester, but if love runs against independence and equality, she would rather choose the latter, though it would be a great sorrow for them two.The unfulfilled matrimonial ceremony, therefore, provides the reader a good chance to learn the good sense and shrewdness in making decisions.In the end, Jane‘s return to and union with Mr.Rochester(who is not only nearly blind but relieved from his mad wife,)helps the reader see her true love for Mr.Rochester and her willing sacrifice to restore their paradise.第22頁
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Conclusion
Jane Eyre is Charlotte Bronte‘s masterpiece;it is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.Charlotte Bronte was so poor when she was young and she nearly could not feel her parents‘ love.In addition, she is not attractive and is very short, so all of these reflect her self-humiliation.She has a strong sense of self-esteem, and she often compensates for the self-humiliation by her self-esteem.She describes Jane Eyre, in fact, she writes herself.Jane Eyre is as common as Charlotte Bronte, and she keeps going after a kind of free, bright and beautiful life because of her self-esteem.The poetic, imaginative story of the love of a young governess for her married employer also has undoubted connections with Charlotte Bronte‘s experience in Brussels.It is an immediate success with both readers and most of the critics.Jane Eyre, the heroine of this novel, struggles to acquire her self-respect, independence, dignity and self-sufficiency at every stage of her life, both in struggling with social pressure, maltreatment, discrimination and in resisting against the temptation of passion.That the author describes her leading personalities in the novel, and highly praises her spirit against the oppression and social prejudice, her pursuit of the independent personality and the dignity, and her tenacious struggle for happy life is obviously aimed at revealing the call of the people of the lower class for respect and freedom, and further to awaken them to protest against the unfair society that kills humanity.And it‘s in this sense that Jane moves most readers as a kind and unique image in spite of her plainness, poverty and low position.In my opinion, the value of a woman does not lie in her looks, her dress, and any other things that have a powerful fascination to men‘s eyes, but in her nature, her mind, her character and her sentiment.This novel embodies the indomitable struggle of the laboring class who are awakening.The author, Charlotte Bronte calls for the equality between sexes, spiritual freedom and inviolable human dignity, showing her sympathy for the laboring class.第23頁
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Acknowledgements
Firstly, I would like to delicate my most sincere graduate to my supervisor Liu Xueyun, for his kindness and patience, unreserved help, respectable tolerance and his valuable suggestions.Without his meticulous proofreading and revision, my thesis would not be like what it is today.Secondly, I want to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to all the respectable professors and teachers who taught me the B.A.courses during my four-year undergraduate study, Professor Liu Shifa, Professor Jiang Xiping, Miss Shi Luan, Miss Tian Yan, Miss Jia Lihong and Miss An Mei etc.I have benefited a lot from their profound knowledge and wonderful lectures which are indispensable to the accomplishment of my thesis.Thirdly, my heart-felt thanks also go to my friends, especially Liang Qian, Zhang Qian, Yu Jing with whom I have shared the joy and frustration in pursuit of knowledge.In the end, my thanks go to my parents, without whose support I could not have accomplished my study.第24頁
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Bibliography
Bronte, Charlotte.Jane Eyre Edited with an Introduction by Smith, Margaret.London: Oxford University Press, 2002.Shorter, C.K.Charlotte Bronte and Her Circle.London, 1896.Ellison, Edith.A Study of Bronte’s Novels.Green Wood Press, 1991.Wu Weiren.History and Anthology of English Literature, 1988． 簡同，《百部世界文學(xué)名著賞析》。北京：北京出版社，2001。李獻民，譯《簡·愛》。呼和浩特：內(nèi)蒙古人民出版社，2002。劉炳善，英國文學(xué)簡史。上海：上海外語教育出版社，1981。田兆耀，《西方文學(xué)鑒賞》。北京：中國廣播電視出版社，2002。楊靜遠，《勃朗特姐妹研究》。北京：中國社會科學(xué)出版社, 1983。楊豈深，《外國文學(xué)名著欣賞》。哈爾濱：黑龍江人民出版社, 1984。
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第三篇：《簡愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識及對當(dāng)代女性的啟示
學(xué)科代碼：050201
貴州師范大學(xué)求是學(xué)院
（本科）畢業(yè)論文
《簡愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識及對當(dāng)代女
性的啟示
The Feminism Consciousness in Jane Eyre and the Enlightenment for modern women
系
別：外語系 專
業(yè)：英語教育 班
級：2010級4班 學(xué)
號：102014040010 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師：
完成時間：2014 年 3月
獨 創(chuàng) 性 聲 明
本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的題為《簡愛》中的女性主義意識及對當(dāng)代女性的啟示的畢業(yè)論文是本人在指導(dǎo)老師指導(dǎo)下取得的研究成果。除了文中特別加以注釋和致謝的地方外，論文中不包含其他已經(jīng)發(fā)表的研究成果。與本研究相關(guān)的所有人所作出的任何貢獻均已在論文中作出了明確的說明并表示了謝意。
學(xué)生簽名：
年 月 日
授權(quán)聲明
本人完全了解許貴州師范大學(xué)求是學(xué)院有關(guān)保留、使用本科生畢業(yè)論文的規(guī)定，即：有權(quán)保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機構(gòu)送交畢業(yè)論文的復(fù)印件和磁盤，允許畢業(yè)論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)許貴州師范大學(xué)求是學(xué)院可以將畢業(yè)論文《簡愛》中的女性主義意識及對當(dāng)代女性的啟示全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存、匯編論文。
學(xué)生簽名：
指導(dǎo)老師簽名：
年 月 日
《簡愛》中的女權(quán)主義意識及對現(xiàn)代女
性的啟示
摘 要：《簡·愛》是現(xiàn)實主義時期著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作品,她被認為是一位卓越的女作家。因為她在小說中描述的是與傳統(tǒng)不同的女主人公簡·愛勇于追求自由、平等和獨立的精神。它也是作者的自傳體小說。小說通過對簡·愛的性格進行剖析，證明了簡·愛是一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的女權(quán)主義者。簡·愛這個人物形象，博得讀者的愛憐，在英國文學(xué)史上是位具有代表性的人物，不僅表現(xiàn)在外表的樸實無華，而且還表現(xiàn)在她性格上的獨特魅力。簡·愛因其性格中所具有的強烈反抗意識而特別地引人注目。她堅持自己的原則去不斷反抗不公平的社會。她用盡全力去追求自由，平等，獨立和真愛。經(jīng)過堅持不懈的努力她最終獲得自尊，自由和真愛。
關(guān)鍵詞：女權(quán);反叛;獨立;平等;真愛
Abstract:Jane Eyre is the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an extraordinary woman novelist.Because the novel throbs with the heart-beats of its author, both literary critics and the readers have taken great interest in its unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose unconventionality is shown in the heroine’s pursuit of liberty, equality and independence.It is an autobiographical novel in a certain degree.This essay attempts to prove Jane is a real feminist through the analysis of her personality.Jane Eyre is a typical and magnificent representative in English literature, not only for her plain but famous appearance but also for her character’s outstanding and alien.The image of Jane Eyre is brilliant for her rebellious character.She always insists on her principle to rebel and fight against the unjust world bravely.She still tries her best to pursue freedom, equality, independence and true love.By unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity, freedom and
true love.Key words:
Feminist;Rebel;Independence;Equality;True love
目 錄
前 言 ·······················
一、作者女權(quán)主義思想的產(chǎn)生 ·························································
二、《簡愛》中女權(quán)主義思想 ··························································
（一）自尊心、自信心、反抗精神 ·······························································
（二）簡愛的愛情觀 ·······················································································
（三）簡愛的獨立性 ·······················································································
三、《簡愛》中女權(quán)主義反抗意識 ···················································
（一）為生存而戰(zhàn) ···························································································
（二）為獲得認同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn) ·······································································
（三）為獨立平等而戰(zhàn) ···················································································
四、簡愛的女性意識對現(xiàn)代女性的啟示 ·········································
五、結(jié)語 ····························································································參考文獻 ··························································································致謝 ·································································································
I
前 言
當(dāng)今社會，女權(quán)主義受到越來越多人的重視，女權(quán)主義泛指婦女要求平等權(quán)利的社會思潮。又稱男女平權(quán)主義、男女平等主義。女權(quán)主義是近代資產(chǎn)階級啟蒙思想運動和婦女解放運動的產(chǎn)物，提倡婦女在人類生活所有領(lǐng)域與男子具有同等權(quán)利。女權(quán)主義具有廣泛的文化內(nèi)涵，涉及政治、經(jīng)濟、法律、教育、宗教、倫理等領(lǐng)域。
在19世紀(jì)的英國，一位批評現(xiàn)實主義的文學(xué)女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特寫出了一部代表女性主義思想的小說—《簡·愛》。這部小說是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“詩意的生平寫照”。書中的主人公簡·愛是一個心地純潔、善于思考的女性。她生活在社會底層，受盡磨難，但她有倔強的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。這部小說以濃郁抒情的筆法和深刻細膩的心理描寫，引人入勝地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的愛情經(jīng)歷，歌頌了擺脫一切舊習(xí)俗和偏見，扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)之上的深摯愛情，具有強烈的震撼心靈的藝術(shù)力量。它最為成功之處在于塑造了一個敢于反抗，敢于爭取自由和平等地位的婦女形象。
一、作者女權(quán)主義思想的產(chǎn)生
所謂女權(quán)主義，歸結(jié)起來就是：在全人類實現(xiàn)男女平等。它是女性觀察、審視任何事物的思想與主張，是一種基于反父權(quán)制政治利益的結(jié)盟，是一種具有特殊政治目標(biāo)中女性思維方式、行為方式的總和。
夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)1816年生于英國北部的一個鄉(xiāng)村牧師家庭。她所生活的的三十年間正是英國社會動蕩的時代。資本主義正在發(fā)展并越來越暴露它內(nèi)在的缺陷；勞資之間矛盾尖銳化；失業(yè)工人的貧困；大量的童工被殘酷地折磨至死。社會和時代的不幸已經(jīng)讓這位女作家的家庭窮困潦倒，家庭的不幸更是讓她陷入巨大的困境當(dāng)中。母親早逝，八歲的夏洛蒂被送進一所專收神職人員孤女的慈善性機構(gòu)。在那里生活條件極其惡劣，她的兩個姐姐瑪麗亞和伊麗莎白因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米莉回到家鄉(xiāng)，在荒涼的約克郡山區(qū)度過了童年。15歲時她進了伍勒小姐辦的學(xué)校讀書，幾年后又在這個學(xué)校當(dāng)教師。后來她曾作家庭教師，但因不能忍受貴婦人、闊小姐對家庭教師的歧視和刻薄，放棄了家庭教師的謀生之路。她曾打算自辦學(xué)校，為此她在姨母的資助下與艾米莉一起去意大利進修法語和德語。然
到相愛的過程當(dāng)中，簡愛的那種叛逆精神、自強自尊的品質(zhì)深深地征服了羅切斯特，而羅切斯特的優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度和淵博知識同樣也征服了簡愛。
簡愛與羅切斯特的婚姻變故促使她離開了桑菲爾德府，離開了她心愛的羅切斯特。經(jīng)過了寒冷饑餓的折磨無家可歸的簡愛終于進了她的人生的又一個驛站—圣約翰家。對于親情的十分看重當(dāng)她從叔叔那里繼承了兩萬英鎊的遺產(chǎn)時，她毫不猶豫地決定和她的三個表哥、表姐平分這份遺產(chǎn)?？梢娫诤啇鄣难壑绣X盡管很重要，但是比起親情來就顯得微不足道了。這與當(dāng)時一切以錢為中心的人際關(guān)系形成了鮮明的對比。她認為“我不至于自私自利到不講情義，不講公道到不分是非，忘恩負義到不像人樣”[2]。這是她對當(dāng)時的金錢社會的有力抨擊和尖銳的痛恨。
圣約翰是一個知識淵博，長相英俊的傳教士。但是他不會享受生活的樂趣，整天到晚和時間挑戰(zhàn)。他認為工作是高于一切的，甚至包括生命和愛情。圣約翰為了他的偉大事業(yè)到東方印度傳教，他十分痛苦地壓抑了這份欲望。簡愛對于他的選擇簡直是不可思議，有愛卻不敢愛，有了愛情卻不敢追求。另一方面當(dāng)圣約翰發(fā)覺，簡愛是一個有見識、有才智的女子的時候，他就向簡愛求婚了，不是因為他愛簡愛，而是因為他知道，如果娶簡愛為妻，對他的事業(yè)將是一個很大的幫助。這是多么自私的想法。
簡愛和羅切斯特的心靈感應(yīng)使他們走到了一塊，盡管當(dāng)簡愛回到桑菲爾德府時她面對的是一個雙眼已瞎，一只手已經(jīng)殘廢的羅切斯特。但是，在簡愛看來這些都是不重要的。只要羅切斯特愛她她也愛羅切斯特就已經(jīng)足夠了。她毅然與羅切斯特結(jié)婚，當(dāng)起了羅切斯特的妻子和護士。兩年以后命運垂青了，這么一對恩愛的夫妻他們有了自己的孩子。羅切斯特的一只眼睛也恢復(fù)了視力，他們過著幸福的生活。我們看到簡愛經(jīng)過了重重的波折以后終于實現(xiàn)了她向往的愛情—平等自由的愛情。而羅切斯特也找到了他夢寐以求的真愛。
（三）簡愛的獨立性
從小就成長在一個充滿暴力的環(huán)境中的簡·愛，經(jīng)歷了同齡人沒有的遭遇。這些遭遇，使得簡愛從小就向往平等、自由和愛，這些愿望在她后來的成長過程中表現(xiàn)無遺，在主人公的愛情觀上表現(xiàn)得更為明顯。
簡·愛追求政治、經(jīng)濟、人格平等的新式愛情觀，她不像其它女子一樣愛上羅切斯特的財產(chǎn)，她是真心愛羅切斯特的，并且她一再強調(diào)平等。
生活。盡管如此，小簡愛并不屈服 ,為了維護自己的尊嚴(yán) , 為了捍衛(wèi)自我獨立的人格 , 她奮起反抗 , 開始與舅媽和表哥作斗爭。她終于早熟起來并且化作了一種短暫的力量來擺脫難以忍受的壓迫。在可惡的的舅媽面前小簡愛沒有屈服讓步 , 沒有在絕望中放棄，相反 , 對于簡·愛來說 , 舅媽家好像是培養(yǎng)她堅強性格的沃土 , 反抗在她的思想中扎下了根。她意識到“片刻的反抗已經(jīng)難免給我招來異想天開的懲罰 , 于是我像任何一個反抗的奴隸一樣 , 在絕望中下了個決定 , 要反抗底”[5]。就是這樣她開始有了為生存而戰(zhàn)的勇氣。
簡愛經(jīng)常被表哥打，一開始她盡可能地忍受著被打的痛苦，習(xí)慣性地屈從于約翰。“習(xí)慣了約翰的辱罵，我從來沒有回答的意思，我所關(guān)心的是怎樣承受辱罵帶來的打擊”。[9] 由于小簡愛毫無理由地被訓(xùn)斥和毒打，她終于反抗起來。這種無法忍受的痛苦超越了她的恐懼心理，給予她無窮無盡的力量。所以她痛罵道“你這男孩子又惡毒又殘忍!簡直像個殺人犯—你像虐待奴隸的監(jiān)工頭—你像羅馬的皇帝!”[6] 毫無疑問這場革命導(dǎo)致了更嚴(yán)重的懲罰。她被舅媽關(guān)進了
紅房子，成了“古怪的小家伙”有著“蒼白的臉龐、胳膊”和“明亮的恐懼的雙眼”“像一個真正的幽靈”。[2]
約翰的暴力行為，姐姐的漠不關(guān)心，舅母的厭惡還有仆人的偏見。這些不公平的行為使她開始意識到忍受是沒用的，為了維護作為人自身的權(quán)利，她開始公然反抗一切不公正的現(xiàn)實。簡愛心中一直指責(zé)瑞德夫人，而一想到自由，勝利，靈魂便感到無比驚喜。她認為憑借自己的口才有能力挑戰(zhàn)瑞德夫人的權(quán)威，在內(nèi)心深處，小簡愛知道她在為平等生存的權(quán)利而活著。
（二）為獲得認同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn)
簡愛在被家人認為是“壞孩子”趕出來之后被送往孤兒院。（當(dāng)時看來是慈善學(xué)校的一種）通常在這里小孩受到壓迫和非人的虐待。她的視眼變得開闊了，性格中帶著更加憤怒的火花。由此可見，簡愛為獲得認同和尊嚴(yán)而戰(zhàn)在羅伍德學(xué)校漸漸發(fā)展起來。融科赫斯特先生是學(xué)校里最為貪婪虛偽的代表，對簡愛的最初印象是像動物一樣大大的鼻子，突出的門牙。他在學(xué)校懲罰人的責(zé)任稱為拯救所謂的靈魂，他迫使學(xué)校所有的女孩剪掉頭發(fā)，饑寒交迫，像奴隸一樣對待她們，簡愛也不例外。當(dāng)簡愛摔壞了凳子時受到公然懲罰。她被罰站在凳子上一個半小時，融科赫斯特先生不僅公然羞
在簡愛的話語里，沒有謙卑，沒有順從，不僅為自己也為所有長相平庸的女性呼喚平等。盡管深深地愛著羅切斯特，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)他已有合法妻子時，簡愛不知道如何是好。有兩條路擺在她面前，一是簡愛當(dāng)他的前妻不存在繼續(xù)呆在絲絨菲爾德莊園，如果這樣她就能以情人的身份擁有更多地財富，但是違反了她追求平等的權(quán)利?；蛘吆啇圻x擇離開她深愛著的羅切斯特，盡管內(nèi)心苦苦的掙扎著因為她知道愛一個人不一定要在一起。為了維護婚姻的平等，她拒絕當(dāng)羅切斯特的情人，告別富有的生活，過著流浪的生活。簡愛違背了當(dāng)時的女性傳統(tǒng)的世俗觀念，強調(diào)男女之間的平等[7]。簡愛挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)時的男權(quán)社會，聲稱精神平等，地位平等，她批判不合理的階級觀念，同時她認為她與羅切斯特精神上是平等的，最終，在羅切斯特一無所有，且身變殘疾時，她卻選擇回到他的身邊。
四、簡愛的女性意識對現(xiàn)代女性的啟示
平凡的簡·愛雖然相貌普通，出身卑微，然而卻擁有一顆金子般善良的心。羅素曾說過：“在一切道德品質(zhì)之中，善良的本性在世界上是最需要的?！鄙屏既缈諝猓瑳]了它，我們的生活無法想象。簡·愛的善良除了我們理解的同情心外，更有著超越于普通人之上的無私與寬恕。
在簡·愛舅媽里德太太臨終時，她陪在身邊的那一幕感動了無數(shù)讀者。從小說中，我們看到里德太太簡直就是簡·愛苦難的源頭，隨著收留她，疼愛她的舅舅里德先生的去世，冷酷無情，虛偽自私的里德太太把簡·愛當(dāng)作傭人一樣對待，將她視為眼中釘肉中刺，處處刁難，對這個失去雙親的可憐孩子，不但不給予同情與關(guān)愛，反而處處苛責(zé)，縱容自己的孩子欺負。更可恨的是，她把簡·愛送進了標(biāo)榜懲罰肉體以拯救靈魂的人間地獄般的慈善學(xué)校里，并且在前來接簡·愛的布魯赫爾斯先生面前撒謊怒斥簡愛是一個撒謊而討厭的女孩子?？墒?，就是這樣一個深深傷害過自己的人，簡·愛原諒了。
當(dāng)這位曾虐待過自己的舅媽臨終時，在沒人在身邊的情況下，她去探望了她，并對她所受的巨大的痛苦產(chǎn)生了憐憫之情，她彎下腰吻了吻她，深情地叫了一聲“舅媽，親愛的舅媽”并妥善安排了她的后事。簡·愛在此的表現(xiàn)，讓每一位讀者都看到了什么是寬容，什么是善良。馬克·吐溫曾說過：“紫羅蘭把它的香氣留在那踩扁了它的腳踝上，這就是寬恕?！?/p>
性的人格尊嚴(yán)看得高于一切。小說光明的結(jié)局告訴我們，人在追求愛情的過程中，也要有自由、尊嚴(yán)、平等。在當(dāng)今社會，要將人的愛情觀等于尊嚴(yán)加平等這道公式上。付之實現(xiàn)往往離不開金錢，人們都瘋狂的為了金錢和地位而淹沒愛情，在窮和富之間選擇富，在愛與不愛之間選擇不愛，很少有人會像簡愛一樣，為了愛情和人格拋棄所有。簡愛展示給我們的是一種返璞歸真化繁為簡的感覺，是一種不計較得失的簡化感情的簡。它猶如一杯白開水，凈化讀者的心靈，同時引起讀者特別是女性讀者的共鳴。簡愛這一形象變得高大而不同凡響，她閃現(xiàn)出的強烈的女性意識象暗夜中的火把，為廣大婦女點燃了希望之光。這對當(dāng)代女性自我意識的提高與覺醒有著重要意義。
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致 謝
大學(xué)生活一晃而過，回首走過的歲月，心中倍感充實，當(dāng)我寫完這篇畢業(yè)論文的時候，有一種如釋重負的感覺，感慨良多。
首先誠摯的感謝我的論文指導(dǎo)老師郎玉珊老師。她在忙碌的教學(xué)工作中擠出時間來審查、修改我的論文。還有教過我的所有老師們，他們嚴(yán)謹細致、一絲不茍的作風(fēng)一直是我學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣；他們循循善誘的教導(dǎo)和不拘一格的思路給予我無盡的啟迪。同時，也要感謝四年來年陪伴在我身邊的同學(xué)、朋友，感謝他們?yōu)槲姨岢龅挠幸娴慕ㄗh和意見，有了他們的支持、鼓勵和幫助，我才能充實的度過了四年的學(xué)習(xí)生活。
第四篇：簡愛的女權(quán)主義思想試析
《簡愛》的女權(quán)主義思想試析
內(nèi)容摘要：
夏洛蒂在《簡愛》中塑造的女主人公簡愛,她敢愛敢恨、敢作敢當(dāng)、反抗著社會的不公,追求者平等、自尊、自強,成為傳統(tǒng)女性叛逆者的化身。簡愛不幸的童年和學(xué)校寄宿生活一直被鄙視、嘲諷、毒打所包圍,但是她沒有被這些所嚇到,反而激發(fā)起了她對這些丑陋人的嫉恨,她要反抗,要平等,要自尊。該文以結(jié)合夏洛蒂的經(jīng)歷及作品《簡愛》的故事情節(jié),淺析《簡愛》中的女權(quán)主義思想。關(guān)鍵詞：女權(quán)主義 愛情 男女平等 經(jīng)濟獨立 自我價值
正文：
《簡愛》是19世紀(jì)英國著名的現(xiàn)實主義作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的成功之作，是一部真正意義上的女性文學(xué)作品。女權(quán)主義作為一種社會文化思潮在西方有著漫長的歷史。艾略特·伍爾夫、西蒙·波夫瓦等都是著名的女權(quán)主義理論家。女權(quán)主義的核心是抗議男權(quán)社會對女性的奴役，強調(diào)女性應(yīng)有和男性平等的權(quán)利和地位，呼吁女性不應(yīng)受制于男性社會，應(yīng)有其自身的價值。顛覆男權(quán)社會的不合理性，確立和提高女性的社會地位是女權(quán)主義奮斗的目標(biāo)。
簡愛以經(jīng)濟獨立為基礎(chǔ)，以自尊自愛為人生支柱，走了一條自己為自己鋪就的人生道路，表現(xiàn)了強烈的自我意識，展現(xiàn)了女性的情感與自我。她從追求理想愛情開始，逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)δ信降鹊匚坏囊?，再深入到對女性自我價值的認證與追求，彰顯了強烈的女權(quán)主義思想。
一、夏洛蒂的女權(quán)主義思想首先表現(xiàn)在愛情的追求上。她反對傳統(tǒng)的婚姻觀，追求理想的愛情。傳統(tǒng)的婚姻跟愛情大都沒有太多的關(guān)系，婦女把嫁人當(dāng)作衣食之計和終身經(jīng)營的職業(yè)。財富和社會地位成為衡量婚姻的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此為了利益而結(jié)合的婚姻比比皆是，許多少女人生的唯一目標(biāo)就是投機經(jīng)營，攀上一門有利可圖的親事。無數(shù)的功利婚姻造就一對對怨偶。夏洛蒂通過切身感受和對當(dāng)時社會現(xiàn)狀的深刻理解，認為這是女性可悲的墮落，并對傳統(tǒng)的婚姻給予強烈的鄙視。她提出婚姻應(yīng)以愛情為基礎(chǔ)，真正的愛情不取決于任何外在的條件，是男女雙方心靈的契合和精神的交融。她把對兩性之愛的理解上升到了精神追求的崇高層次，也表達了自己對心中理想愛情的渴求。
在小說中，簡愛與羅切斯特的愛情沒有落入傳統(tǒng)的俗套。既不是男性對女性的征服，也不是女性對男性的誘惑。它超越了年齡、姿色、財富門第的世俗層次，是精神上的平等和相互吸引。簡愛沒有花容月貌，她矮小、瘦弱、低微，但她卻憑借著卓異的人格力量發(fā)出灼灼光華，把美麗富有的貴族小姐逐出愛情競技場，突顯了內(nèi)在美不可抗拒的力量。簡從不把取悅男主人作為自己跨入上流社會的階梯。面對羅切斯特的居高臨下，她不卑不亢，從容大方，談話中直言不諱，不察言觀色迎合主人的意圖，也不為討好主人而作違心的回答。她深刻的思想和優(yōu)秀的品格深深吸引了羅切斯特，并與之產(chǎn)生了強烈的思想共鳴。早年的羅切斯特是金錢婚姻的受害者，在情感上飽受挫折，曾在流浪中尋找安寧，在放蕩中尋找快樂，結(jié)果只能是更加的空虛和絕望。簡像一股清新的風(fēng)，拂過他傷痕累累的心靈，簡巨大的精神炬火和靈魂力量點燃了他的生命之燭，崇高和純潔的情感在他心中復(fù)活與再生。對于簡愛而言，吸引她的不是羅切斯特的財富和顯赫門第，而是他的真誠、友好、坦率、放棄貴族偏見的平等作風(fēng)和對金錢社會世俗觀念的蔑視，與簡在思想認識上高度的統(tǒng)一。
簡堅信自己與羅切斯特的精神平等和相通，所以在追求幸福的道路上也表現(xiàn)出一往無前的勇氣。她敢于蔑視英格拉姆小姐高貴美麗外表下的淺薄與低俗，勇敢地向羅切斯特說出“你娶了一個配不上你的人，我不相信你真正愛她”。她那句經(jīng)典的人格宣言打動了無數(shù)的知識女性，“你以為我窮、低微、不美、矮小，我就沒有靈魂嗎？----我們站在上帝面前是平等的”。對愛情的追求發(fā)自內(nèi)心的平等，并帶有宗教般的虔誠。這雖然是她經(jīng)歷了痛苦的掙扎所發(fā)出的吶喊，但它的圣潔高尚足以讓當(dāng)時虛偽的世俗社會深深的震撼。在小說的結(jié)尾，一場大火，使得桑滄巨變，羅切斯特變得一貧如洗，又瞎又殘，而此時已成為富家女的簡愛卻義無反顧的回到了他的身邊。男女雙方年齡的差距，地位的懸殊，甚至身體的缺陷，都被 高尚而深邃的感情所超越，被異乎尋常的心靈契合所升華了。
在人物塑造上，作者還突破了傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)模式。簡愛是英國小說史上第一位不借容貌贏得男性喜愛的女主人公，而羅切斯特既非英雄亦非完人，而是一位難看又有過放蕩生活經(jīng)歷的人。在女權(quán)主義看來，出賣姿色的愛情是女性的拍賣，英雄崇拜的愛情是女性的臣服，只有精神和靈魂的兩相呼應(yīng)與吸引才是男女平等的真正愛情?？梢娤穆宓賹矍榈囊娊庖丫哂信畽?quán)主義的高度。
二、夏洛蒂的女權(quán)主義思想 又表現(xiàn)在反對傳統(tǒng)的角色定位，追求男女平等上。
夏洛蒂對女性問題的關(guān)注并未僅僅停留在愛情婚姻的基礎(chǔ)上，而是轉(zhuǎn)向更深一步的探索。
作者所處的時代是維多利亞時的英國。當(dāng)時雖然實行了資產(chǎn)階級民主改革，不少處于小資產(chǎn)階級范疇的女性有幸受過文化教育，但婦女在社會上的地位并沒有改善，遠遠沒有獲得平等的權(quán)利。女性還是很少參加社會工作，過著依附于男性的封閉式家庭生活。當(dāng)時的文學(xué)作品中充斥著“家庭天使”一類的女性，她們溫柔、順從、美麗、勤勞，是當(dāng)時的男性作家們按照自己意愿塑造的理想女性形象。這些作家們普遍認為女性受教育的目的是為了培養(yǎng)良好的婦德，家庭生活才是婦女最合適的天地。他們要求女性以侍奉男人、操持家務(wù)為己任，把自己全部的身心都奉獻給自己的丈夫、孩子、及親人。生活空間的狹小，精神上的空虛與壓抑，使得“家庭天使”們已成為男子的附庸、家庭的奴隸、生育的工具。夏洛蒂以其自己的切身感受和敏銳的觀察力關(guān)注著當(dāng)時婦女的悲劇命運，大膽地對男權(quán)社會強加給女性的卑微定位以狠狠的回擊。她有意拉大簡愛與“家庭天使”之間的差距，出現(xiàn)在讀者眼前的簡愛既沒有美麗的外表，也沒有溫順的性情，而且個性極強，對社會充滿了反叛的激情。她從不刻意裝飾自己，甚至“還沒有使女穿戴的一半那么漂亮?！碑?dāng)羅切斯特要用綢緞、花邊、玫瑰、珠寶把她包裝起來時，她提出了強烈的抗議。羅切斯特總想照自己的意愿把簡打造成世人眼中的“美人”，試圖培養(yǎng)簡溫柔順從的“天使”美德。其實男性對女性服飾裝扮的關(guān)注背后無非是男權(quán)社會對女性形象千古不變的追求，而男性對女性溫順性情的標(biāo)榜則更能暴露他們希望助長女性性格中卑微特征的自私。因此追求平等的簡愛大聲疾呼：“我不是天使，我是我自己”，表達了她對男權(quán)社會最強烈的抗議。她不再承認傳統(tǒng)女性的“美德”，不肯再扮演傳統(tǒng)女性的角色，認為“女人一般被認為是極其安靜的，可是女人也和男人一樣有感覺，她們像她們的兄弟作學(xué)問時一樣，需要運用她們的才能，需要一個努力的場地；她們受到過于嚴(yán)峻的束縛、過于絕對的停滯會感到痛苦?！迸圆粦?yīng)該僅僅局限于家庭生活的狹小空間，安分守己的充當(dāng)“家庭天使”。針對這一點，恩格斯也曾指出“只要婦女仍然被排斥在社會生產(chǎn)勞動之外，而且限于從事家庭的私人勞動，那么婦女的解放，婦女同男子的平等，現(xiàn)在與將來都是不可能的?！睆男≌f對傳統(tǒng)美的否定中，我們可以看到作者對內(nèi)在美深刻而獨道的認識。因為女性在未走出家庭之前，“花容月貌”是衡量其價值的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。只有女性走出家庭，從事社會工作，才華才能被體現(xiàn)，內(nèi)在美才能得到充分發(fā)揮。女性也只有參與社會勞動，取得相應(yīng)的報酬，才能夠自食其力，才不會為了生存而屈附于男性。婦女的經(jīng)濟地位決定了她的社會地位，要實現(xiàn)男女平等的核心就是要實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟的獨立，這也恰恰是簡苦苦堅守的原則。即使在她瀕臨死亡的時候，簡也沒有放棄這種意識，教師的職位一直是她經(jīng)濟獨立的保障，桑菲爾德府是她經(jīng)濟獨立意識體現(xiàn)最強烈的地方。面對成為莊園女主人后得到的豐厚物質(zhì)財富，簡依然堅持擔(dān)任阿黛爾的家庭教師，用自己的酬勞換得自己的食宿費，自食其力得過著簡樸的生活。簡拒絕婚后被丈夫供養(yǎng)，不愿接受他對未來生活種種美好的設(shè)計。她認為心安理得的不勞而獲，會使自己降至男性目光的海平面之下，失去了與丈夫平等的地位，所以任何物質(zhì)的饋贈都使她煩惱。也正是因為簡經(jīng)濟上的獨立，所以她敢于向羅切斯特發(fā)出：“我們是平等的！”宣言。盡管在物質(zhì)上他們一個貧窮，一個富有，但在社會心理上他們是兩個相對獨立的個體，他們經(jīng)濟自主，人格平等。在簡愛的眼中，誠實勞動換來的面包永遠要比不勞而獲得來的香甜。
著名的女權(quán)主義理論家西蒙·波夫瓦在《第二性》中提出了一個重要觀點，她認為“在社會歷史中，男性處于主導(dǎo)和決定地位，女性處于被主導(dǎo)和被決定地位，關(guān)鍵在于女性經(jīng)濟不能自立，這是極其重要的原因”。女性要解放，“首先要完成女人經(jīng)濟地位的演變”。因為經(jīng)濟依附，女性只能封閉于家庭，而使女人注定成為附庸的禍根就在于她沒有可能做任何事，所以擺脫低下的地位，就必須走經(jīng)濟獨立的道路?！芭酝ㄟ^有報酬的職業(yè)可以極大地跨越同男性的距離，而女性要真正實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟獨立并不容易。女性必須踏上一條極為艱苦的道路。不過這又是一條最可靠的道路，每一種事物都在誘惑她走容易走的道路。”如果貪圖安逸，女性就會墮入“附屬”的生活。簡愛的辛酸歷程正說明了這一點，夏洛蒂的良苦用心也正在于此。小說對經(jīng)濟因素決定婦女社會地位的揭示，表明了作者為婦女解放，為爭取與男性平等的地位所做出的努力。同時作者也為全天下受到不平等待遇的婦女指出了一條明確的出路，那就是：千千萬萬受過教育的女性只有像簡愛一樣自食其力，不依附他人，才能贏得社會的尊重和熱愛，也才能實現(xiàn)真正的男女平等。從這層意義上講，夏洛蒂無疑是女權(quán)主義者的先驅(qū)。
三、夏洛蒂的女權(quán)主義思想還表現(xiàn)在自我認證與自我價值追求上。
簡愛對女性作為社會人的角色認證以及對自我價值的追求是在一次次地反抗中得以升華的。
小說在表現(xiàn)生存意義和價值取向上實際已經(jīng)超出對“男女平等”的要求，而達到通過反抗來證實自我、維護自我、表現(xiàn)自我，從而實現(xiàn)人生價值的更高層次的思想境界。
簡愛在幼年時代每天面對的是少爺?shù)膶M、小姐的無禮、夫人的厭惡、女仆的歧視，盡管她每天小心翼翼，循規(guī)蹈矩，但還總是無故挨打受罵。簡覺得自己做為一個真真實實存在的人，卻沒有人顧及自己的感受，也沒人為自己申張正義，為此她不顧一切的進行反擊，為了要求公平合理的待遇?？此迫跣〉乃谝淮未畏抢硇缘摹⒈┡暗?、沒有憐惜的威脅面前，經(jīng)受了恐怖、憎恨、絕望，卻依然堅強。在洛伍德學(xué)校，女學(xué)生們被強制剪掉長發(fā)，穿最粗、最丑陋的衣服，吃不飽、穿不暖，沒有足夠的休息時間，甚至受到非人的體罰。在這種惡劣的環(huán)境中，簡沒有屈服，也沒有順從，對于不公正的懲罰，表現(xiàn)的正氣凜然、傲骨錚錚。并且，簡通過自己的努力最終以無可挑剔的成績成為該學(xué)校的一名教師，實現(xiàn)了自己的價值。
簡愛的自強不息和蓬勃向上的生命力體現(xiàn)了生存的價值及生命的意義。簡對教育事業(yè)的熱愛說明了她對人生真諦的探索，除了精神平等和心靈契合的愛情外，還有對崇高事業(yè)的追求和對人生價值及意義的探索。她通過一系列的超越性的行動實現(xiàn)了她生存的價值。正如波夫瓦所闡述的“女性的真正解放應(yīng)當(dāng)也必將在女性通過超越性的行動實現(xiàn)她的真實的存在價值的基礎(chǔ)上才能實現(xiàn)?！?/p>
四、夏洛蒂的女權(quán)主義思想還表現(xiàn)在她的思想局限性上。在20世紀(jì)80年代以后，《簡愛》的反傳統(tǒng)性受到質(zhì)疑，更有一些女權(quán)主義批評家們認為《簡愛》不僅沒有對傳統(tǒng)觀念進行沖擊，還順從了傳統(tǒng)文化，甚至是傳統(tǒng)制度的維護者。
“知人論世”是文學(xué)研究的一貫方法。我們應(yīng)從作家的生活時代和生活經(jīng)歷來整體把握作品，任何極端的定論都是不正確的。夏洛蒂由于身處的時代和環(huán)境的制約，肯定有其無法逾越的束縛和障礙。作者雖有對男權(quán)統(tǒng)治的不滿和反抗，但畢竟接受的是男權(quán)文化的教育。因此叛逆與從俗的矛盾造成了她思想的局限。
首先，簡愛始終存有精神平等和物質(zhì)平等間的困惑，她主張精神平等，但對建立在精神平等上的愛情始終抱有疑慮，感到不安。她反對建立在世俗物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)上愛情，但又不能釋懷，所以無法快樂而幸福的擁抱愛情。簡愛拒絕接受羅切斯特一切金銀珠寶的饋贈，小心翼翼的維護著自己的尊嚴(yán)，不愿羅切斯特以“救世主”的姿態(tài)對待自己，覺得“像蘇丹在充滿幸福與溫情的時刻賜給那些用金子和寶石抬高起來的奴隸時的微笑”。婚前的日子，她的情緒中透著不安、抵觸，彌漫著淡淡的恐懼感，總懷疑是哪個地方出了問題，不相信這是真的，“像這樣的命運會落在我的頭上，那真是神話，真是幻想”。她還在不安中祈禱“要是我能有很小的一點兒獨立財產(chǎn)，那將是一種安慰”。這些正說明了簡對世俗的平等既敏感又在意。其次，簡愛既堅持愛情至高無上，又屈從于傳統(tǒng)法律條文對婚姻的定位，寧可犧牲自己的愛情，也不愿意向所謂的“法定婚姻”挑戰(zhàn)，把名節(jié)看得比愛情更重要，暴露出其在男權(quán)文化里順從的一面，也體現(xiàn)了她性格中的保守和對名份的過分重視。最后，要不是一場大火使瘋女人葬身火海，為簡愛與羅切斯特的結(jié)合掃清了障礙，那么簡愛將永遠無法超越心中名節(jié)觀念的藩籬，與羅切斯特失之交臂，帶著永遠無法磨滅的痛苦，教書終其一生，至死仍念念不忘羅切斯特。這種下場，將與《廊橋遺夢》中的弗朗西斯卡有點類似。但弗朗西斯卡卻有深愛自己的丈夫和一雙兒女，她只是由于強烈的家庭責(zé)任而沒有去尋找自己的真愛，在讀者看來會覺得情有可原。人們不是批評弗朗西斯卡的傳統(tǒng)與保守，相反的，是欣賞她崇高的家庭責(zé)任感和她身上體現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)代女性的堅強。弗朗西斯卡的故事是一曲愛情悲劇，但同時也是西方人重倫理、重家庭責(zé)任的寫照，從某種意義上來說是值得稱贊的。與弗朗西斯卡不同，簡愛僅看到羅切斯特的瘋太太就認定，她與羅切斯特不能相隨，從而逃離的做法，則有點盲從于封建舊秩序，她在所謂的法律約束面前完全低頭了。針對這點，韓敏中就對此作了批評：“這至高無上的原則其實只是英國改革離婚法之前現(xiàn)存的婚姻戒律，如果開始以反叛形象出現(xiàn)在小說中的簡愛此刻成了不敢越雷池半步的守法公民，豈不大大降低了小說的力度？”
最后，簡愛是一個有理想的女性。她一直追求自我價值的實現(xiàn)，她的教師生涯明顯地從家庭走向了社會，具有鮮明的崇高事業(yè)追求的色彩。但她最終又回歸了家庭，成了一個以侍奉殘疾丈夫為職、對生活境遇心滿意足的家庭婦女。她通過丈夫的存在而存在，這依然體現(xiàn)了她作為傳統(tǒng)女性的精神歸宿。由此看來，簡愛對自身價值的追求仍然是茫然的，最終導(dǎo)致她沒有逃脫男權(quán)文化的世俗巢穴。
從女權(quán)主義批評的角度來看，夏洛蒂的女權(quán)主義是不徹底的。簡愛幸福的充當(dāng)了“家庭天使”，并發(fā)表了著名的“天使”宣言：“我認為自己無比幸福，幸福的難以言傳，我完全是我丈夫的生命，他也是我的生命??”，她對愛情的渴求和對男性的依賴有著“小鳥依人”的非女性獨立的意味。雖然她對男性超出了物質(zhì)上的依賴，但在精神層面上卻無法真正因為“自我”而存在?！敖?jīng)濟因素在女性發(fā)展的演變過程中曾經(jīng)是并且依舊是根本因素，但女性要想完全改變的命運，還必須擺脫愛情依附”。作者的時代局限造成了作者的目光不能夠看得很遠。由于夏洛蒂特殊的成長經(jīng)歷，她出生在牧師家庭，受到了嚴(yán)格的傳統(tǒng)教育，并且所接觸到的幾個男性僅有父親、兄弟和文學(xué)教師埃熱，使得她對男性始終持有一種崇拜的思想。正像她自己所說：“倘若我有朝一日結(jié)婚，我對我的丈夫必須懷著崇拜的感情，且甘愿為他去死”。長期男權(quán)文化的影響，造就了她有著嚴(yán)重的男性崇拜，她認為女人最大的幸福源于家庭內(nèi)部，女人一生似乎也只為愛情而生活，所以簡愛的歸宿也是作者心中的理想。從這點看，她思想的不徹底性也就不足為怪了。
夏洛蒂的女權(quán)主義思想盡管不夠完善，但她所表達的對婦女解放的追求和向往，是具有積極和進步意義的，她是開女性解放浪潮的先鋒人物，也為以后轟轟烈烈的女權(quán)主義運動提供了不盡的話題。
參考文獻：
1、韓敏中《坐在窗臺上的女人》，外國文學(xué)評論，1991年1期。
2、王珂《平權(quán)與霸權(quán)》，青海社會科學(xué)報2001年第6期。
3、高文斌《維多利亞時代女性文學(xué)的范本》，四川外語學(xué)院學(xué)報2002年1期。
4、[英]夏洛蒂·勃朗特著：《簡愛》，凌雯譯，浙江文藝出版社2003年版。
5、《圣經(jīng)》，牛津大學(xué)劍橋大學(xué)聯(lián)合出版社1981年版。
6、[英]瑪麗·伊格爾頓著：《女權(quán)主義文學(xué)理論》，胡敏 陳映霞 林樹明譯，湖南文藝出版社1989年版。
7、[英]柯文垂·帕特摩爾著：《家里的天使》中國社科出版社1983年版。
8、[英]蓋斯凱爾夫人著：《夏洛蒂·勃朗特傳》，北京團結(jié)出版社2000年第1版。
9、[法]西蒙娜·波伏瓦著：《第二性》，桑竹影等譯，湖南文藝出版社1986年版。
第五篇：淺談簡愛里的女權(quán)主義
淺談《簡·愛》里的女權(quán)主義
摘要：19世紀(jì)的英國，男權(quán)主義仍然占絕對主導(dǎo)，女人是弱者，男人發(fā)號施令，女人必須服從，此時萌生了不符社會普遍現(xiàn)象，具有反抗精神和不屈服于命運的女權(quán)主義。貧窮的家庭女教師簡·愛是一個知識婦女，她敢于反抗壓迫，執(zhí)著地捍衛(wèi)女權(quán)，追求平等、自由和真愛的精神，體現(xiàn)出了強烈的女性意識．她是一個無親無故的孤兒，然而，也是一個獨立的女性強者，成為了那個時代最具有代表性的全新的女性，實際上成了女權(quán)主義興起的標(biāo)志。關(guān)鍵詞：抗掙；權(quán)利；女權(quán)主義 1理性的抗掙.(1)離開舅舅家去羅伍德寄宿制學(xué)校。幼年時的簡．愛由于父母雙雙染病去世，簡·愛被送到蓋茨赫德莊園，寄居在舅舅家中?？裳┥霞铀氖巧w茨赫德的原主人里德先生也過早的棄她而去。舅媽覺得她是一個“天性惡毒、想法卑劣、特別愛撒謊”的人，于是把她視作眼中釘，肉中刺，百般刁難。表弟約翰．里德蠻不講理，咒罵和毒打猶如家常便飯。最終還把她關(guān)進了紅房子，在這個舅舅逝去的房間里，簡..·愛禁不住懷疑：“要是里德先生
還在的話，他一定會待我很好的”。肉體上的痛苦和心靈上的屈辱和恐懼，使得簡開始對蓋茨赫德絕望，從此放棄了習(xí)慣的忍受，開始反叛思考著挑戰(zhàn)和抗?fàn)?，最終選擇去了羅伍德學(xué)校。..(2)離開桑菲爾德。在桑菲爾德，簡找到了家的感覺，這里有慈祥熱心的費爾法克斯太太，活潑可愛的阿黛勒，最重要的是有她深愛的羅徹斯特。她在這里安頓了下來，她改變了生活環(huán)境，開始了自我價值的肯定。在與羅切斯特相處的過程中，簡．愛始終表現(xiàn)得不卑不亢、落落大方。說出了千古絕唱：“難道就因為我一貧如洗，默默無聞，長相平庸，個子瘦小，就沒有靈魂，沒有心了—..—你想錯了，我的心靈跟你一樣豐富，我的心胸一樣充實!”簡通過自己的人格魅力終于也贏得了這一生的至愛。但也許是天意弄人，正懷揣著幸福，站在結(jié)婚的殿堂上時，簡知道了伯莎梅森的存在，原來自己拼命喜歡的卻是一個已婚的人，雖然痛不欲生，但她還是選擇了放棄渴望已久的唾手可得的愛情，悄悄離開了。
(3)從惠特克勞斯出走。
簡·愛從桑菲爾德府出走后，在無人的莽莽荒原上瘋狂的奔跑、一次一次的摔倒，面臨著死神的威脅。正當(dāng)簡走投無路的時候，圣約翰收留了她，并得到他們一家的悉心照顧，使她心靈獲得救贖，脫離心靈的苦海。簡對圣約翰．里佛斯在心中充滿了感激之情。可是偏偏圣約翰又是一個固執(zhí)的基督徒，愿意犧牲自己的個人幸福，希望奉獻自己的一生以成
就道義上的責(zé)任，所以當(dāng)圣約翰向她求婚的時候，簡毅然決然的拒絕了這位恩人。更讓人驚訝的是簡居然叛逆的選擇了自己的真愛，重新回到生活幾乎不能自理的一無所有的羅徹斯特身邊。2反抗原因和結(jié)果 簡一生不屈不撓的對女權(quán)、平等自由、獨立自主的追求，以及由此而形成了自尊、自主、自立、自強、外柔內(nèi)剛的性格特點。幼年的簡寄居在舅媽家里，受到了蠻橫不講理的表哥的欺負，她反叛的說道：“我被你打倒，頭還在痛，血還在流；你粗暴地打了我，沒有人責(zé)備你；而我，為了叫你以后不再干出這種荒唐的暴行，卻受到了眾人的許多責(zé)難。就因為你是少主子，而我卻只是一個寄人籬下的孤兒，盡管這不公平，在這個莊園里平等是不可能的了?！彼运闳贿x擇了離開。從此，頑強的反抗意識在她心中扎根了。殘酷的現(xiàn)實讓簡過早的成熟了，她要開始尋求自己的出路，沒有財富，沒有權(quán)勢，在沒有其他選擇的情況下選擇了羅伍德學(xué)校，她追求女權(quán)主義的人生從此開始。
在羅伍德，當(dāng)她的好友海倫被罰的時候，簡．愛說：“我要是換了你，我就討厭她；我就向她反抗；她要是用那個教鞭打我，我就把它從她手里奪過來，當(dāng)著她的面把它折斷?！贝藭r，一個初來的她，卻是如此的嫉惡如仇、勇敢無謂，堅決與惡勢力抗掙到底，這無疑再一次證明了她單純的對平等、公平的追求。
在桑菲爾德府，可以說簡..·愛不屈的性格、完美的愛情理想、女權(quán)主義思想和人文主義達到空前的成熟。簡．愛在人生旅途中，尋找幸福，追求愛情，同時也為爭取平等和獨立奮斗著，這是她愛情和幸福的立足點。當(dāng)聽到羅切斯特為了斬斷情緣并打算把她送去愛爾蘭時，簡.愛憤怒了。與羅切斯特的那段對白已成為名篇佳句，被世人傳頌：“你以為我會留下來。成為你覺得無足輕重的人嗎?你以為我是一架自動機器嗎?一架沒有感情的機器嗎?你以為因為我窮、低微、不美、矮?。揖蜎]有靈魂沒有心嗎?你想錯了!我的靈魂跟你的一樣，我的心也跟你的完全一樣!要是上帝賜予我一點美和一點財富，就要讓你感到難以離開我。就象我現(xiàn)在難以離開你一樣。我現(xiàn)在跟你說話，不是通過習(xí)俗、慣例，甚至不是通過凡人的肉體，而是我的精神在同你的精神說話，就象兩個都經(jīng)過了墳?zāi)埂Ｎ覀冋驹谏系勖媲?，是平等的?.—因為我們是平等的。”使我們看到一個女性可貴的自尊、自強、要求獨立、平等的勇氣和力量。當(dāng)她意識到她只能成為羅切斯特的情人而不是妻子的時候，即使她明白，這意味著此生不需要勞累奔波就會過上所謂的輕松的上流社會的生活?？珊?.·愛還是毅然決然的選擇了放棄，因為她明白這是一條很危險的路，這是和自己一直追求的平等的真正的愛是背道而馳。踏上去就意味著自己失去了尊嚴(yán)，違反了傳統(tǒng)的美德，并且很有可能會失去羅切斯特的愛。簡·愛追求幸福，向往幸福，希望獲得愛情，但是所得到的這一切。決不是靠依附和從屬，而是要做精神的主宰者，堅守女性那豐富、細膩、感性化的內(nèi)心世界。女性覺醒后對愛情、對人生體驗的自省意識，以一種震撼靈魂的形式體現(xiàn)了出來。用話語和行動捍衛(wèi)著自己的尊嚴(yán)與獨立，勇敢打破當(dāng)時所面對的各種禁錮，追求自由真愛與獨立平等。4結(jié)束語
在西方文學(xué)里，《圣經(jīng)》記載，上帝從亞當(dāng)身上取下一根助骨造了夏娃，并對女人說：“你必須戀慕你的丈夫，丈夫心須管轄你?！笔歉砂倌陙砟凶鹋暗睦碚摳础Ｔ跂|方，孔子曾說：“唯女子與小人難養(yǎng)也。”男尊女卑的思想根深蒂固。女性要得到社會認同，就得遵守“.三綱五?！保此O(shè)定的規(guī)則來生活。由此可見，盡管東西文化存在著差異，它們在對待女性地位上，卻有許多相似之處——男尊女卑，女人是男人的從屬?？墒遣辉诔聊斜l(fā)就在沉默中爆發(fā)就在沉默中滅亡。簡·愛的抗?fàn)幹凡讲骄S艱，她對女權(quán)、平等自由、獨立自主的追求獲得了男性世界的認可。她大膽無畏地反抗壓迫女性的舊習(xí)俗和不合理的社會制度，要求男女人格平等，提倡女性要有獨立自主的意識和被人尊重的人格，成為當(dāng)時男性社會女權(quán)主義的象征。參考文獻：
【1】《簡..·愛》【M】夏洛蒂．勃朗特【著】，祝慶英【譯】．上海： 上海譯文出版社．1999 【2】《圣經(jīng)》牛津大學(xué)劍橋大學(xué)聯(lián)合出版．1981．
【3】論《簡..·愛》中的女權(quán)主義[J]．曾雪梅．尋求平衡．四川 外語學(xué)院學(xué)報，2000
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