第一篇：高中練習(xí)講解論文
高中練習(xí)講解論文
貴州省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)
英語
唐梅
指導(dǎo)教師：錢薇 摘要：在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中，學(xué)生除了一般的讀說以外，每天還會有一定的配套筆頭練習(xí)，所以在練習(xí)過后，必要的反饋?zhàn)兊檬种匾?。而目前，中國仍然采用的用筆試進(jìn)行一個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)成績的好壞的評價(jià)，無論是小學(xué)，初中還是高中，甚至是大學(xué)都采用這種方式來評判所有人。而尤其是在高中階段里，都采用題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)，特別是高三那一年，基本上都是在練習(xí)中度過的。而在平時(shí)采用最多的方法都是在課堂上進(jìn)行練習(xí)的，而做練習(xí)的最終效果的實(shí)現(xiàn)是需要教師通過好的講解策略來配合的。因此作為高中教師，就尤其要對練習(xí)的講解將以重視。因此本文就目前教師在對課前準(zhǔn)備，講解中的方法及講解后的鞏固幾個(gè)點(diǎn)做出了幾點(diǎn)探討。
我們通常所說的英語習(xí)題講評是指對學(xué)生已完成的英語試卷或英語習(xí)題進(jìn)行分析、講解和點(diǎn)評，是英語教學(xué)過程中不可缺少的環(huán)節(jié)。練習(xí)講評不僅僅在于澄清某個(gè)問題的正誤和對習(xí)題進(jìn)行單純的分析，更重要的是在講解過程中要給學(xué)生理清答題的基本思路，使學(xué)生逐漸掌握答題的基本方法和技巧并建立更清晰、更完善的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)。有效的練習(xí)講評課是提高教學(xué)有效性的重要方面，也是提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量的重要環(huán)節(jié)。
一、課前正確選擇習(xí)題
練習(xí)的選擇要在精不在多，而且還要多樣化。英語，是當(dāng)今世界上主要的國際通用語言之一，也是世界上最廣泛使用的語言，可以夸張的說，懂英語、會英語就可以走遍天下。信息高速公路“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”信息近80%是由英語承載，許多技術(shù)性質(zhì)和科學(xué)性質(zhì)文獻(xiàn)資料都是采用英文書寫，這使以英語為母語的人群具有相當(dāng)大的優(yōu)勢，他們不需特別的學(xué)習(xí)就可以閱讀大量的資料。因此我們非本族語者就要選擇要多樣化的題型和題材，彌補(bǔ)我們的缺陷。例如每個(gè)單元的習(xí)題都可以貫穿高考的題型于其中。如完型，閱讀，語法填空，改錯(cuò)等而且其文章的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)多種多樣。讓學(xué)生對高考題型和范圍有一個(gè)全面的了解。同時(shí)習(xí)題要具有代表性但又不可偏離教學(xué)大綱，也不可太難，要選擇適合學(xué)生的程度才行。例如可以選取相關(guān)輔導(dǎo)書中的個(gè)別較好的練習(xí)來進(jìn)行，要穩(wěn)住學(xué)生的信心，具有求勝的欲望。同時(shí)教師要預(yù)估可能會遇見的問題，講解時(shí)要講到的點(diǎn)都必須要注意到才行。
二、講解前分析學(xué)生錯(cuò)題
許多教師在對學(xué)生講解練習(xí)題的時(shí)候還存在著許多的不足，主要表現(xiàn)為兩個(gè)方面：教師方面，大多數(shù)的教師都是采用灌輸式的教學(xué)方法，即老師講，學(xué)生聽，在講題的時(shí)候都是將自己對習(xí)題的見解直接灌輸給學(xué)生，很少考慮到學(xué)生的理解能力，更有甚者，就題論題，忽視了習(xí)題的解題過程；學(xué)生方面，學(xué)生在老師講題的時(shí)候，都比較機(jī)械化，老師講什么就是什么，說什么就記什么，很少會對老師所講解的內(nèi)容提出質(zhì)疑，缺少對問題的思考，學(xué)習(xí)的積極性差，學(xué)習(xí)氣氛低落。這兩方面的原因?qū)е聦W(xué)生在做完習(xí)題之后，收獲甚微，對知識點(diǎn)的掌握難以鞏固及運(yùn)用，難以提升自己的英語水平。因此講解前教師應(yīng)該給出答案后可先讓查看正確率，先收集學(xué)生所做的習(xí)題情況，讓學(xué)生在對這些題進(jìn)行思考看是否領(lǐng)悟其做錯(cuò)的原因，找出解題方法和解題思路；接著讓同學(xué)相互討論，共同解決問題，不同的學(xué)生對相同的題會有不同的思考，在發(fā)表自己意見的同時(shí)參照別人的見解，通過學(xué)生的相互討論，可以加深學(xué)生對題目的思考。這樣做一方面是可以針對學(xué)生的弱項(xiàng)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化，另一方面是可以直觀的讓學(xué)生了解到自己的不足，并有針對性的加強(qiáng)自己的英語能力。而老師這時(shí)則要快速思考分析所收集到的情況，并進(jìn)行整理，找出學(xué)生容易出錯(cuò)的題及出錯(cuò)原因，總結(jié)出學(xué)生的弱項(xiàng)。進(jìn)行稍后的講解。
三、講解時(shí)突出重難點(diǎn)
講解中所需要注意的問題是認(rèn)清學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主體這一觀念，要盡可能地調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極主動(dòng)性，即是將學(xué)生易錯(cuò)的題展示出來之后在給與再次講解，而對于學(xué)生實(shí)在難以解決的題目則由老師給與講解。突出重難點(diǎn)。但在此過程中教師要有重點(diǎn)、有目的的引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對問題進(jìn)行思考。培養(yǎng)他們分析，解決問題的能力。
同時(shí)學(xué)生未考慮的點(diǎn)也應(yīng)相應(yīng)提及或是加以擴(kuò)展。而有的題如語法填空，改錯(cuò)則要給與相關(guān)的總結(jié)。比如填空中沒有給出詞的則應(yīng)填入冠詞，代詞及引導(dǎo)從句的各種詞等中的一個(gè)。而給出的形容詞則應(yīng)想到要變成它的副詞，名詞，反義詞以及固定搭配等情況。而在語法改錯(cuò)時(shí)則要講解其改錯(cuò)類型，如形容詞與副詞的互換，代詞或冠詞或介詞使用錯(cuò)誤，時(shí)態(tài)，謂語動(dòng)詞重復(fù)等情況。要學(xué)生有一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的做題方法，以免以后遇見相關(guān)的題時(shí)快速有效地做對題。而參照以上的方法不僅可以加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對問題的認(rèn)識，還可以節(jié)省老師和學(xué)生的時(shí)間以便去做更多的練習(xí)。
四、講解后鞏固練習(xí)
在對習(xí)題評講之后，鞏固練習(xí)是相當(dāng)有必要的，一方面可以加深學(xué)生對已講練習(xí)的理解，另一方面還可以深化學(xué)生對新掌握的知識點(diǎn)及解題技巧的運(yùn)用。而鞏固的方法也可以多樣化，只要達(dá)到下次遇見此類題目不再錯(cuò)就行。比如首先可以采用熟讀的的方式加以記憶，第二則可以對有關(guān)的知識點(diǎn)的句子加以背誦，第三則可以再次鞏固或者將某些錯(cuò)題反復(fù)換成另外一種題型進(jìn)行重現(xiàn)，以便加深學(xué)生的印象等。
五、結(jié)束語
綜上所述，我們了解到學(xué)習(xí)英語是相當(dāng)有必要的，不管是對于還在為高考而奮斗的高中生，還是已經(jīng)走出象牙塔的社會人士，學(xué)習(xí)英語對自己而言都是有百益而無一害的。高中生學(xué)習(xí)英語就現(xiàn)實(shí)的情況而言，就是為了能夠提升自己的綜合成績，以實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的短期目標(biāo)，教師在通過有效的教學(xué)手段配合一定量的練習(xí)，并在講解時(shí)注重運(yùn)用好的講解方法就能夠快速地提高學(xué)生的英語成績，以助學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。
第二篇：高中英語語法主語從句講解及練習(xí)
主語從句
一、概述：在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。根據(jù)它們在句中的語法作用，這類從句又可分為主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句和賓語從句。
二.主語從句主要有四類：
（1）由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句:引導(dǎo)詞that無含義/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.（2）用連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)的主語從句: whether有含義(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意：引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能用if，只能用whether。
例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.（3）用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句
在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分.例如：What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注：whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。
whatever = anything that;whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。
如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.（主語從句）
（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.（讓步狀語從句）
（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）
（4）用連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語。)例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.三.注意點(diǎn): it構(gòu)成的主語從句
（1）由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在大多數(shù)情況下會放到句子的后面，而用代詞it作形式主語。例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced.= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.(但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“?的東西”時(shí)，一般不用it作形式主語。)錯(cuò):It is a book what he wants.對:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主語代替主語從句時(shí)，要注意和as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別。試比較：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.（2）常見用it作形式主語的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu) It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact that? 事實(shí)是??
It is good news that ? ??是好消息 It is a question that ? ??是個(gè)問題 It is common knowledge that ? ??是常識
類似的名詞還有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.It’s a pity that you missed the film. It is +形容詞+從句
It is necessary that ? 有必要?? It is clear that ? 很清楚?? It is likely that ? 很可能??
It is important that ? 重要的是??
類似的形容詞還有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing, etc.例如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you（should）master the computer.It is important that a student learn English well.It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞很多為“（should）＋動(dòng)詞原形”，即要用虛擬語氣。
It is reported that ? 據(jù)報(bào)道?? It has been proved that ? 已證明?? It must be proved that? 必須指出??
類似的過去分詞還有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;made clear;found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.
It seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主從練習(xí)
1._____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A.The estimate
B.The estimated
C.They are estimated
D.It is estimated that 2._____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A.Which
B.Since
C.Although
D.How
3._____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.A.Whoever
B.Whatever
C.However
D.That
4._____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.A.For the reason that he is
B.Just because he is
C.The reason of being
D.That he is
5.Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.A.which
B.what
C.how
D.it 6._____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.A.That occurred to her
B.She occurred that
C.To her that occurred
D.It occurred to her that 7.I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.A.which
B.all
C.this
D.what 8.We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.A.that
B.which
C.it
D.What 9._____ or not is still uncertain.A.He’s coming
B.If he is coming
C.That coming
D.Whether he’s coming 10.It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.A.doubt whether B.doubtful
C.doubt it
D.doubtful whether 11.______ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet
suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.A.Whether
B.Till
C.If
D.Unless 12._____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.A.That
B.When
C.What
D.Which 13._____ is warm sunshine.A.What do we all need.B.What all we need
C.What we need
D.What we all need 14._____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.A.What
B.That
C.He
D.It 15._____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.A.Remarkable
B.Quite remarkably
C.It is remarkable that
D.It is remarkable fact that 16._____ you nominate will be elected.A.Who
B.Whom
C.Whomever
D.That’s 17._____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.A.What
B.Which
C.Whichever
D.That’s 18._____ of us gets home first starts cooking.A.Who
B.Which
C.Whichever
D.Anyone
1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 2.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for 3.When and why he came here ________ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not known 4.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late D.Being a few minutes late 5.________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.A.That?that you had expected B.What ?that you had expected C.That?what you had expected D.What?what you had expected 6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 7.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that 8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how 9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which 10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.A.What, what B.What, that C.That, that D.That, what 11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who 14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A.When B.Why C.What D.That 15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.A.How B.What C.Why D.This 16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A.If B.Where C.That D.What 17._______you come or not is up to you.A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether 18._______makes mistakes must correct them.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.Anybody 19._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A.Which B.That C.If D.How 20.Who is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A.that B.where C.which D.the one 21.Is this factory you visited the other day? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 22.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who
表語從句
1、概述
用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動(dòng)詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if)；關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞由be, look, remain, seem等。That引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，在口語中，間或可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時(shí),我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃怼?/p>
2、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、“是否”。這時(shí)主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問題)，trouble(麻煩)，problem(問題)，result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表語從句對主句主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。
The trouble is(that)she has lost his money.麻煩的事是他丟了錢。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了。
What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.我們不能理解越來越少的學(xué)生對他的課不感興趣。
3、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個(gè)應(yīng)該去。The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項(xiàng)工作。That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。That's what we should do.那是我們應(yīng)該做的。
4、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That’s why I got wet through.我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的。
That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔(dān)心的。
5、由連詞because，as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了。
That's because we never thought of it.這是因?yàn)槲覀儚奈聪脒^此事。It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案?？梢越颖碚Z從句的系動(dòng)詞有：
1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall 5: prove, turn out 系動(dòng)詞的固定搭配: come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though(if不引導(dǎo)表語從句)連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because 注：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞that間或可以省略。
The truth is（that）I didn't go there.事實(shí)是我沒去那兒。
［考題1］ The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that
［答案］ D
［解析］ 下劃線處之后是包含一個(gè)原因狀語從句的表語從句，如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語從句將難以把握整個(gè)句子的意思。因此，應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that。
［考題2］ You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how
［答案］ B
［解析］ 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動(dòng)詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動(dòng)詞，“I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu))，下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞where，表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、我不同意的地方”。
［考題3］ — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A.why B.when C.what D.where
［答案］ A
［解析］ 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動(dòng)詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語，下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此??”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞why。
［考題4］ ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that
［答案］ A
［解析］ 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，特指她所不理解的事情，應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個(gè)下劃線處表示“因此??”(指因某種原因所造成的后果，由why引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么??”(指原因、理由，由because引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句)，應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞why。
［考題5］ ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;because B.What;that
C.That;what D.That;because
［答案］ B
［解析］ 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)主語，特指令校方驕傲的事情，應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what； 第二個(gè)下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因、理由，應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句。
［考題6］ — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about
C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited
［答案］ A
［解析］ A選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺激動(dòng)的事物”； B選項(xiàng)的意思是“我覺得激動(dòng)的任何事物”； C選項(xiàng)的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”； D選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺激動(dòng)的時(shí)間”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應(yīng)，充當(dāng)表語從句。
表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系
不屬于的
賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句。
賓語從句
(1)對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn)
①語序: 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序, 即“主語 + 謂語”這種形式。
②時(shí)態(tài): 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài), 而當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句, 從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài), 即(一般過去時(shí), 過去進(jìn)行時(shí), 過去完成時(shí), 過去將來時(shí))。
③連接詞: 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時(shí), 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時(shí), 常用if或whether(是否), 當(dāng)從句意思不完整時(shí), 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。
表語從句
在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動(dòng)詞的后面。表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。也是名詞性從句的一種。
如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的房間。
The The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金。
This This is what we should do這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的。
That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。
His His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet他的第一個(gè)問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。
注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語序。
as as if, as though, becau也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句。
She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事。
It It is because you eat too much那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔恕?/p>
表從練習(xí)一
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.Why
二
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are
C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what 6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.Such
三
1.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where 2.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how 3.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 4.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 5.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it
A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________ I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as
D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.why 13．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 14.The trouble is__________ we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 15.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 16.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 17.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what
18.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such 19 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where 20.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how
21.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 22.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 23.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
綜合練習(xí)
1.It has been proved _________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A.if B.because C.when D.that 2.The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why 3.________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 4.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make use do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that 5.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.That B.Which C.What D.As 6.________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A.As B.That C.This D.It 7.______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 8.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what.D how 9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 10.I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 11.Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ______ makes me feel so proud.A.what B.which C.that D.why 12.________ puzzles the scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.A.What B.As C.That D.It 13._____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever D.The person 14.Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office.That’s _______ the president works.A.whey B.when C.what D.where 15.______ you will be admitted to York University will be decided by the Admission Committee.A.That B.Whether C.What D.If 16.The reason ____ I plan to go is _____ she will be disappointed if I don’t.A.why;that B.that;because C.which;because D.why;for 17.We sell handmade gifts._____gift you order from us is unique for the special person!A.Which B.That C.Whichever D.What
第三篇：高中修改病句講解練習(xí)及答案
高中語文病句辨析專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
最可怕的敵人，就是沒有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的信念?！_曼·羅蘭
一、重點(diǎn)知識梳理
（一）病句的類型
1、常見六種病句
（1）搭配不當(dāng)（2）語序不當(dāng)（3）成分殘缺或贅余（4）不合邏輯
（5）句式雜糅（6）表意不明
（二）專項(xiàng)講解（1）主要類型：
語序不當(dāng)
語序不當(dāng)?shù)膸追N主要類別 ①主客體顛倒
1、在那個(gè)時(shí)候，報(bào)紙和我接觸的機(jī)會是很少的。
2、朱熔基這個(gè)名字，對中國人誰不熟悉。②多層定語語序不當(dāng)
3、優(yōu)秀的有20多年教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的國家隊(duì)的籃球女教練。小總結(jié)
一般順序：a.表領(lǐng)屬性的或時(shí)間、處所的；
b.指稱或數(shù)量的短語；
c.動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語；
d.形容詞或形容詞短語；
e.名詞或名詞短語。
③多層狀語語序不當(dāng)
４、在休息室里許多老師昨天都同他熱情地交談。小總結(jié)
一般順序：①表目的或原因的介賓短語
②表時(shí)間或處所的詞或短語（先時(shí)間后處所）
③ 表范圍的④表情態(tài)或程度的
⑤表示對象的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)一般緊靠中心語；
④并列詞語或短語、分句語序不當(dāng)
５、學(xué)生、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、老師都參加了開學(xué)典禮。
６、對于自己的路,他們在探索著,他們在判斷著，他們在尋找著，他們在思考著。
７、這個(gè)村很好執(zhí)行了黨的富民政策。現(xiàn)在不但向國家交售了六萬斤公糧,而且還不吃國家救濟(jì)了。
⑤主語與關(guān)聯(lián)詞語語序不當(dāng)
８、他如果不能實(shí)事求是，事業(yè)就會受損失。９、不但他愛下圍棋，而且精于圍棋發(fā)展史
的研究。[跟蹤練習(xí)]
1、他跳下池塘，來到池邊，很快就游過去了。
2、文件對經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中的一些問題，從理論上和政策上作了詳細(xì)的規(guī)定和深刻的說明。(詞語的前后順序排列不當(dāng)，“深刻說明”應(yīng)照應(yīng)“理論”，“詳細(xì)的規(guī)定”應(yīng)照應(yīng)“政策”。)
（2）、搭配不當(dāng)
二、搭配不當(dāng)
主要類型：
1、主謂搭配不當(dāng)
2、動(dòng)賓搭配不當(dāng)；
3、飾語和中心語搭配不當(dāng)
4、面與兩面搭配不當(dāng)；
5、否定與肯定搭配不當(dāng)（1）主謂搭配不當(dāng)
①本世紀(jì)初，是我國實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)入wto的目標(biāo)。
（“本世紀(jì)初是目標(biāo)”是主謂搭配不當(dāng)。應(yīng)改為“進(jìn)入wto是我國本世紀(jì)初要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)”。）
②我國棉花的生產(chǎn)，過去不能自給。
（不能自給的是“棉花”，不是“生產(chǎn)”。）③我覺得這個(gè)答復(fù)，和對這些問題的調(diào)查處理，都是一種不負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度。（應(yīng)該把“是”改做“表現(xiàn)出”。）
（2）動(dòng)詞和賓語搭配不當(dāng)
①他多么渴望一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會呀?。ā翱释焙笕鄙賱?dòng)詞“有”。）②我們多次搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)，保護(hù)了人民群眾的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的安全。（“保護(hù)”與“安全”不搭配，應(yīng)去掉“的安全”）
（3）狀語和中心語搭配不當(dāng)
①這次大會上，對工資問題交換了廣泛的意見。（并不是意見廣泛而是交換的范圍廣泛，應(yīng)改做“廣泛地交換了意見”。）*這一類搭配不當(dāng)常和語序不當(dāng)有交叉的地方。
（4）主賓搭配不當(dāng) ①我們堅(jiān)信有這么一天，中國的工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)終會成為發(fā)達(dá)的國家。
（“工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)”不能成為“國家”）
（5）一面與兩面搭配不當(dāng)
①做好生產(chǎn)救災(zāi)工作，決定于干部作風(fēng)是否深入。（“做好”是一面性的，“是否深入”是兩面性的。此外，“作風(fēng)是否深入”也講不通，應(yīng)該是“干部是否深入群眾”。這句話有兩種改法：把第一個(gè)分句改為兩面性的“生產(chǎn)救災(zāi)工作做得好不好，決定于干部是不是深入群眾”?；虻诙志涓某梢幻嫘缘?，不過句子結(jié)構(gòu)要調(diào)整為“干部深入群眾是做好救災(zāi)工作的決定條件”。）
②藝人們過去一貫遭白眼，如今卻受到人們的熱切的青睞，就在這白眼和青睞之間，他們體味著人間的溫暖。
（“白眼”和“青睞”指相反的兩面，但底下的“溫暖”只適用于一面。）
（6）否定與肯定搭配不當(dāng)
①我想這應(yīng)該是不必?cái)⑹龅模瑳]有誰不會想象不出的。（“沒有誰不會想象不出”等于說“誰都想象不出”，推測原意應(yīng)是“誰也想象得出”。）
②我們并不完全否認(rèn)這首詩沒有透露出希望，而是說這希望是非常渺茫的。
（“不完全否認(rèn)”等于“部分承認(rèn)”，基本上還是承認(rèn)。因此這句話說“我們承認(rèn)這首詩沒有透露出希望”，剛好和作者的本意相反。改法有兩種“我們也承認(rèn)這首詩也透露了一些希望......”或“我們并不否認(rèn)這首詩也透露了一些希望......”）
跟蹤練習(xí)
(1)春風(fēng)一陣陣吹來，樹枝搖曳著，月光、樹影一齊晃動(dòng)起來，發(fā)出沙沙的聲響。(2)她拍攝完這部影片，就宣布正式退出演員生涯。
(3)這是一次競爭激烈的考試，非用十分的努力才能戰(zhàn)勝其它競爭者。
3、成分殘缺或贅余
（一）成分殘缺
（1）主要類型：
1、主語殘缺
①通過這次學(xué)習(xí)，使我受到深刻的教育。
（“使”的主語應(yīng)是“學(xué)習(xí)”，由于有“通過”這個(gè)介詞，使主語喪失了。）
②曹操的性格具有雙重性，他的雄才大略與奸詐兇狠對于任何一個(gè)扮演他的演員來說都具有挑戰(zhàn)性，也是一個(gè)難得的表演機(jī)會。（偷換主語，最后一句前應(yīng)加“扮演曹操”）
2、謂語殘缺
①可見對工人階級的關(guān)心負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度到何等的薄弱程度。
（“到”在這里不能做謂語的主要成分，只能將“薄弱”提上來，可“態(tài)度”是不能薄弱的，句子應(yīng)改為“......的關(guān)心和負(fù)責(zé)薄弱到何種程度”。）
②最近又發(fā)動(dòng)了全面的質(zhì)量大檢查運(yùn)動(dòng)，要在這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)中建立與加強(qiáng)技術(shù)管理制度等一系列的工作。（在“建立”前少了個(gè)謂語“完成”。）
3、賓語殘缺
①雖然每天工作很忙，但還是抓緊和同學(xué)研究或自己看書。（“抓緊”什么？“時(shí)間”一詞不能省。）
②我們要盡一切力量使我國農(nóng)業(yè)走上機(jī)械化、集體化。（“走上”要求有一個(gè)名詞做它的賓語，“機(jī)械化”、“集體化”都是動(dòng)詞，句子應(yīng)是“走上......的道路”。）
4、介詞殘缺
① 現(xiàn)在，我又看到了那闊別多年的鄉(xiāng)親，那我從小就住慣了的山區(qū)所特有的石頭和茅草搭成的小屋，那崎嶇的街道，那熟悉的可愛的鄉(xiāng)音。（在“石頭”前加上介詞“用”，另外“看到”和“鄉(xiāng)音”也不搭配。）
（二）成分贅余
（1）主要類型： １、堆砌
①要考慮我國政治與文化環(huán)境的需要，發(fā)展我們的出版業(yè)。（“環(huán)境”應(yīng)刪去。）②現(xiàn)在漁民自己選出了行政組長，負(fù)責(zé)掌握漁民的生活及生產(chǎn)的管理。（“掌握”應(yīng)刪去。）２、重復(fù)
①一年來，婦女工作已打下了相當(dāng)?shù)墓ぷ骰A(chǔ)，獲得了一定的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（第二、第三個(gè)“工作”應(yīng)刪去。）
②其實(shí)這是過慮的想法。（“慮”就是想，應(yīng)刪去“的想法”。）３、可有可無
①不知不覺就走了十里路左右的距離。（應(yīng)刪去“的距離”。）②父親逝世離現(xiàn)在已整整九年了。（應(yīng)刪去“離現(xiàn)在”。）４、應(yīng)刪去“的”字
①出人意料的，今年三月，物價(jià)的下跌，后來慢慢地穩(wěn)定了。（加了“的”，句子轉(zhuǎn)為短語，意思也變了，不是物價(jià)穩(wěn)定，而是“下跌”穩(wěn)定了。）
（2）跟蹤練習(xí)
(1)魯迅先生在斗爭中創(chuàng)造了雜文，成了文學(xué)藝術(shù)中的奇葩。(缺主語，將“創(chuàng)造了”改為“創(chuàng)造的”)
(2)他就主動(dòng)參與社會災(zāi)害性事故處理，化解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，安定社會生活的責(zé)任。(缺謂語，在“參與”前加上“承擔(dān)”)
(3)只要有勤奮、肯吃苦，什么樣的難題都難不倒你。(缺賓語，在“肯吃苦”后加上“的決心”)
(4)其實(shí)這是過慮的想法。(多余，“慮”就是想，可刪去“的想法”)
四、結(jié)構(gòu)混亂
（1）又稱句式雜糅，主要類型：
1、舉棋不定 作者時(shí)而用這種結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)而用那種結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)果兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都用了。
①多年來曾被計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)思想束縛下的人們也覺悟起來。（應(yīng)該在“曾被......束縛......”和“在......束縛下的......”兩種格式中選用一個(gè)。）
②這種慷慨悲歌的壯舉的背后，還是自信心不夠的表現(xiàn)。（應(yīng)該在“......的背后還是自信心不夠”和“......壯舉還是自信心不夠的表現(xiàn)”里選用一個(gè)。）
2、藕斷絲連 把結(jié)構(gòu)完整的一句話的最后一部分用做另一句的開頭硬湊起來。
①我們向政府提意見是人民的責(zé)任。（把“我們向政府提意見”和“向政府提意見是人民的責(zé)任”湊在一塊兒，應(yīng)該刪去“我們”。）
②你可知道，要出版一本譯作是要經(jīng)過多少人的努力以后，才能與讀者見面的。（把“要出版......的努力”和“一本譯作......見面的”湊在一塊兒，用哪一句都可以。）
3、中途易轍 一句話說了一半，忽然另起爐灶，重來一句。
①例如杜重遠(yuǎn)以《閑話天皇》這篇文章，認(rèn)為是冒犯了日本皇帝，置之于獄，就是例子。（應(yīng)該改作“因?yàn)槎胖剡h(yuǎn)寫了......文章，就認(rèn)為他是......”。原句使不知道這件事始末的人誤認(rèn)為杜重遠(yuǎn)把別人送進(jìn)監(jiān)牢，非常不妥。）
②中國人民自從接受了馬列主義思想之后，中國的革命就在毛澤東同志領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下大大改了樣子。（“中國人民......馬列主義思想之后”就怎么樣？作者不接下去說，卻用“中國革命”另起一句。應(yīng)該改為“自從中國人民......之后”。）
4、反客為主 把上半句主語以外的成分用來做下半句的主語，因此而糾纏。①因此，當(dāng)匪徒們偷襲游擊隊(duì)的時(shí)候，被游擊隊(duì)反包圍了，殲滅了無數(shù)匪軍。
（“被游擊隊(duì)反包圍”的主語是“匪軍”，但“殲滅了無數(shù)匪軍”的主語只能是游擊隊(duì)，作者卻把它一氣呵成，不加閃待。應(yīng)該把末一分句改作“殲滅了一大部分”或“不計(jì)其數(shù)”；這樣“殲滅”是接著“被游擊隊(duì)”下來的，就連貫了。）
②恐怖分子的陰謀活動(dòng)是應(yīng)當(dāng)加以揭露，而且能夠把它揭露的。（就上半句說，誰“加以揭露”，當(dāng)然是“我們”，但這個(gè)詞隱而未現(xiàn)，正式主語應(yīng)當(dāng)是受揭露的“恐怖分子的陰謀活動(dòng)”?？墒窍掳刖涞摹澳軌虬阉衣兜摹敝髡Z就不可能還是“恐怖分子的陰謀活動(dòng)”，而只能是“我們”。這一句應(yīng)該在“是應(yīng)當(dāng)”前加“我們”。）
5、結(jié)構(gòu)含混
這樣的句子可以有兩種意思。
①真人真事的創(chuàng)作方法，近幾年來曾提倡過，而且產(chǎn)生了許多寫真人真事的作品。（句中的“產(chǎn)生”可以算無主句，也要以拿“創(chuàng)作方法”做主語，作者的意思也許是第一種，那么上半句應(yīng)該改做“近幾年來曾倡導(dǎo)過真人真事的創(chuàng)作方法”。）
②在舊社會，他利用開當(dāng)鋪進(jìn)行殘酷的高利貸剝削人民。
（這句的錯(cuò)誤是把“利用開當(dāng)鋪進(jìn)行殘酷的高利貸剝削”和“利用開當(dāng)鋪殘酷地剝削人民”兩種說法糅在一起，修改只留一種說法。）
（2）跟蹤練習(xí)
(1)止咳祛痰片，它里面的主要成分是遠(yuǎn)志、桔梗、貝母、氯化銨等配制而成的。(應(yīng)該是“主要成分是……”或“是由……配制而成”，兩種格式或選用一個(gè))(2)你可知道，要出版一本譯作是要經(jīng)過多少人的努力以后，才能與讀者見面的。(把“要出版……的努力”和“一本譯作……見面的”兩句話揉在一塊兒說了，只能選一句說)
五、語意不明
（1）有兩種類型：
１、費(fèi)解：指一句話不知道怎么講
① 到北京參觀奧運(yùn)村及新改造后的“地鐵”是我這次旅行的歸途。
（“參觀”怎么會是“歸途”？作者的意思是說“......是我預(yù)定在歸途中要做的事。）②從六十歲到九十九歲的老太太被特許坐著車子參加游行。
（從字面上看，好象59歲以下和100 歲以上的都沒有坐車參加游行的權(quán)力。作者的意思大概是“60歲以上的”。）
２、歧義：是一句話有兩種理解意。(1)兩種解釋一正一誤。
①一輛乳黃和深紅色的電車飛馳過去。（容易使人誤會為兩輛顏色不同的電車。應(yīng)該把“和”字改為“夾”字，或者在“一輛”后面加“漆了”二字。）
②在幾天時(shí)里，我們的身體和精神都有很大的收獲，體重逐日增加（最高的達(dá)五公斤），精神非常愉快。（很可能使人誤會是逐日增加的量最高有5公斤，這當(dāng)然不是事實(shí)。應(yīng)該把“逐日”改作“都有”。）
(2)兩個(gè)解釋都可能。
①現(xiàn)全渠已勘測完畢144華里。（沒說全渠有多長，如果全長144華里，那么該說“全渠144華里，現(xiàn)已勘測完畢”；如果144華里只是全渠的一部分，那么不能說“完畢”，該說“現(xiàn)全渠已勘測了144華里。”）
②校長、副校長和其他學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)出席了這屆迎新會。（是“其他學(xué)校”，還是“其他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，發(fā)生歧義。）(3)把讀者引入歧途。
這種錯(cuò)誤在于字面上并無歧義，但是作者的本意跟字面上的意思不同。如果按照字面講，就是誤入歧途。
①中華民人共和國成立了，共同綱領(lǐng)頒布了，婦女在法律上是平等了。
（從字面上看，是說“婦女彼此之間在法律上平等”，但是實(shí)際上作者是說“婦女和男子在法律上平等”。）
②制造鄭州花園口決口，直接淹沒豫皖兩省13個(gè)縣619萬多人口。
（照字面看，這619萬人都淹死了。作者的本意該是：直接淹沒豫皖兩省擁有619萬多人口的13個(gè)縣。）
（2）跟蹤練習(xí)
(1)局長、副局長和其它局領(lǐng)導(dǎo)出席了這次表彰會。(其它局領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是本局領(lǐng)導(dǎo)還是別局的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，不明確)(2)巴勒斯坦游擊隊(duì)對以色列的進(jìn)攻是早有準(zhǔn)備的。(是“巴勒斯坦游擊隊(duì)進(jìn)攻以色列”，還是“以色列進(jìn)攻巴勒斯坦游擊隊(duì)”，不清楚)
六、不合邏輯
（1）主要類型：
1、自相矛盾
①過了一會兒，汽車突然漸漸地停下來了。（“突然”和“漸漸”矛盾。）②這增強(qiáng)了中國人民與侵略斗爭的無比力量。
（既然已經(jīng)“無比”，如何還能“增強(qiáng)”？應(yīng)刪去“無比”。）
③他是多少個(gè)死難者中幸免的一個(gè)。（既然“幸免”，自然是沒有死，怎么能說是“死難中的一個(gè)”呢？應(yīng)改為“多少人死難了，他是幸免的一個(gè)?！保?/p>
④我國有世界上沒有的萬里長城。（“有”與“沒有”矛盾，改“沒有”為“唯一”）
2、分類不當(dāng)
①從事業(yè)的發(fā)展上看，還缺乏各項(xiàng)科學(xué)專家與各項(xiàng)人才。
（各項(xiàng)人才包括科學(xué)家，不宜并列，該說“各學(xué)科的專家與其他人才”。）
②農(nóng)場決心提高糧食、棉花和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的產(chǎn)量。（“棉花”屬“經(jīng)濟(jì)作物”，不能并列）
3、不合事理
①他們一面拚命地向上爬，一面又不免跌落深淵。（“一面......一面......”表示兩件事同時(shí)進(jìn)行，句中的兩件事顯然不是同時(shí)的，應(yīng)改為“他們雖然拚命向上爬，但是終不免跌落深淵?！保?/p>
②八百多人，幾千條胳膊，同暴雨洪水搏斗了一天一夜。（“八百多人”怎有“ 幾千條胳膊”）
4、強(qiáng)加因素
①最近我這位朋友去了一趟南方回來，結(jié)果他的思想依然如故。
（去了南方回來思想變了，可以說是去了一趟南方的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在“思想依然如故”，怎么能說是去了一趟的“結(jié)果”呢？）
②因?yàn)樗麃碜员狈?，思想根本上還是舊的一套。
（為什么來自“北方”思想就舊？且“北方”到底是相對什么而言的？）
5、數(shù)詞的使用
①專家指出，我國西部廣大中小學(xué)在未來的5到10年左右，學(xué)生入學(xué)人數(shù)會快速上升至飽和。（“左右”多余）
②這個(gè)煉鋼車間，由十天開一爐，變?yōu)槲逄扉_一爐，時(shí)間縮短了一倍。（倍數(shù)使用不當(dāng)，表降低、減少只能用分?jǐn)?shù)。）
6、還有否定不當(dāng)、主客顛倒、兩面對一面等。前面已有涉及，不再贅述。（2）跟蹤練習(xí)
1、長沙、株洲、湘潭城市群建設(shè)的啟動(dòng)，對道路、交通、媒體、通訊等行業(yè)提出了新的要求，與此相關(guān)，長沙商業(yè)圈無疑也將面對重新洗牌的機(jī)會。（不合邏輯，“道路”與“交通” 概念交叉，不能并列。）
2、日前中央電視臺大型紀(jì)實(shí)系列劇《震撼世界的七日》正在各電視臺熱播，它將再現(xiàn)感人的故事,升華生命的尊嚴(yán),歌頌人性的光輝。（前后時(shí)態(tài)不一致，不合邏輯，“日前”“正在”“將”分別表示過去、現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來時(shí)態(tài)，三者不可能同時(shí)成立，不合邏輯。）
3、第十八屆全國書博會在鄭州舉行，廣東參展的出版物至少有4500種以上，其中《王蒙自傳》、《我在央視》等一批精品備受讀者青睞。（不合邏輯，同時(shí)用“至少”與“以上”矛盾，應(yīng)刪去其中一個(gè)。）
第四篇：高中賓語從句詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)（精選）
賓語從句講與練
在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。1．語序
無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句＋連詞＋賓語從句（主語＋謂語＋??）”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：
1）連接詞＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？
The small children don't know what is in their stockings．這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？ 2）連接詞＋名詞＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他問我們班上誰的書法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老師問我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞＋主語＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如： He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？
4）連接詞＋名詞＋主語＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎？
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。2．連接詞
1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper．他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。2）當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：
I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用whether：
①在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether（if?or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來。
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我們是去還是留。②在介詞之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。④whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say．這是否真的我說不上來。⑤引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能來還是個(gè)問題。
The question is whether we can catch the bus．問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。⑥若用if會引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解為：
a．Please let me know whether you like the book．請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。3）如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會遲到嗎？ 3．時(shí)態(tài)
含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：
1）如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如： I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他將何時(shí)回來。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。
2）如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如： ①The children didn't know who he was．孩子們不知道他是誰。
②He asked his father how it happened．他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。
3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4．注意：
if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)??時(shí)候”，當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來嗎？
—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．對不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了，我將告訴你。—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否會來。—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他會來的。簡化賓語從句常用六法
同學(xué)們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，使其與原句意思相同（或相近）的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：
方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him.→We decided to help him.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window.→She has forgotten how to open the window.注：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是tell，ask，show，teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us.→He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如?/p>
It seemed that the boys were going to win.→The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.→I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy.→They found the box very heavy.高中賓語從句練習(xí)題及答案詳解 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 1.The place _______interested me most was the years old.Children's Palace.A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the 2.Do you know the man _______? country?
A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that A.who B.who's C.which D.whose I spoke 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed yesterday.4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese A.which B.who C.what D.as Communist Party was founded? 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.which B.that C.when D.on which A.who B.whom C.that D.as 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.17.He is good at English, ______we all know.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when A.that B.as C.whom D.what 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very from here.much.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the D.I went with him factory _______we are working.19.I don't like ______ as you read.A.where B.that C.which D.there A.the novels B.the such novels C.such novels D.8.This is one of the best films _______.same novels
A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown 20.He talked a lot about things and persons C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked ________they remembered in the school.9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.which B.that C.whom D.what A.about which you talked B.which you talked 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in C.about that you talked D.that you talked Beijing.10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.which B.that C.whom D.who A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a ____are women.small boy.A.them B.which C.whom D.who A.whom B.who C.which D.that 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met
______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.for which B.for that C.in which D.what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A.that B.which C.who D.as
39.You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A./ B.why C.when D.whose
40.Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.on TV.A.that B.which C.as D.it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A.after which I have looked B.which I have looked after
C.that I have looked after D.I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A.who B.which C.that D.it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A.that B.which C.from that D.from which
A.that B.which C.it D.though
41.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that
42.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.A.when;who B.that;which C.which;that D.when;which
43.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are
44.During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed 45.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it
46.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.A.which;what B.through which;what C.through that;what D.what;that
47.Is _______ some German friends visited last week? A.this school B.this the school C.this school one D.this school where
48.John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.A.as B.that C.what D.who
49.I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.A.none of them B.neither of them C.neither of which D.none of which
50.All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.A.are being B.has been C.had been D.have been
參考答案及解析
1.A.which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。
2．C.“和誰講話”要說speak to sb.本題全句應(yīng)為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。
3.D.where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。
4.C.when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。
5．A.which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語。
6．C.解析同第5題。
7.A.解析見第3題。
8.A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。
9.A.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。
10.A.with which是”介詞+關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with有”用“的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that.with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen.11.C.in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse.In front of which在從句中作狀語.12.D.with whom引導(dǎo)定語從句.with whom放在從句中即為:my father works with the engineer.13.D.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.14.A.that引導(dǎo)定語從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15.D.the same……..as是固定用法, as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16.D.such……… as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17.B.as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.18.B.Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定語從句.with whom放在從句中為:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí),要用such a……..,本題中such books, such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21.D.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22.C.two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23.D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)? whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個(gè)從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.24.A.whose title引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whose title也可以說成the title of which
25.A.for which 引導(dǎo)定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語 be famous for ”以……..而聞名".26.C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語.27.A.兩個(gè)先行詞the day都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用that來代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where，而that?？墒÷?。
29.D.for which在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用why 來替代.30.B.which I have looked after 構(gòu)成一個(gè)非限制性定語從句.31.A.The reason why… was that….已成為一種固定句型，這一句中的why和that不能隨意換位，也不能將that改成because，盡管that這個(gè)詞在譯文中可能有 “因?yàn)椤钡暮x。
32.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.33.A.解釋見28題.34.D.主句中的two表明不能選A.從句中的are表明不能選B.both of which用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句.35.C.as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。本題中as作從句的主語.36.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.37.D.38.D.解析見35題.39.A.he makes是定語從句, 從句前省略了關(guān)系代詞that.40.B.which is a bad habit 非限制性定語從句.41.A.what happened是賓語從句.all 之后that he knew是定語從句.先行詞是all,所以關(guān)系代詞只能用that.42.D.years是表示時(shí)間的名詞,用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,是因?yàn)閣hen在從句中作時(shí)間狀語.第二個(gè)空選用which,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句.43.C.本句話的定語從句是who own cars.其先行詞是people,因此,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)的own。本句話主句的主語是The number of指“…..的數(shù)目”，是單數(shù)概念。因此，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用is。
44.D.that followed是定語從句，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語。
45.A.先行詞gas被only修飾，關(guān)系代詞要用that，而不用which。
46.B.through which引導(dǎo)定語從句，through which即through the hole,在定語從句中作狀語。What引導(dǎo)的是see的賓語從句，并作從句的主語。
47.B.為便于理解，改寫本句話：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week.不難看出，作表語的the school是先行詞。that引導(dǎo)了定語從句，因?yàn)閠hat同時(shí)又作visited的賓語，所以被省略了。其它選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)不對。
48.A.解釋見35題。
49.C.因?yàn)槭莟wo ballpens, 并且定語從句的謂語writes是單數(shù)概念。因此，C是正確選項(xiàng)。
50.B.本句話中，主句的主語是all,為抽象概念。因此，其謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)的has been。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作主語。
第五篇：高中名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)1
名詞性從句
名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句廳分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。
（一）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
1、連接代詞：who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。
2、連接副詞：when, where, why, how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語。
3、連接詞：that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略；if(whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。
注意：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中用陳述句語序。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分，（二）主語從句
1、主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。
e.g.Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。
e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，不能省略。e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句
It is common knowledge that? ??是常識
It is a surprise that? 令人驚奇的是??
It is a fact that? 事實(shí)是??
（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句
It is necessary that? 有必要??
It is important that? 重要的是??
It is obvious that? 很明顯??（3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that從句
It is believed that? 人們相信??
It is known to all that? 眾所周知??
It has been decided that? 已決定??（4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句 It appears that? 似乎??
It happens that? 碰巧??
It occurred to me that? 我突然想起??
另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that ?
It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that?
（三）表語從句
1、表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。
e.g.The question was who could go there.2、引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞that有時(shí)可省去。
e.g.My idea is(that)we can get more comrades to help in the work.（四）賓語從句
1、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。
e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.2、介詞之后的賓語從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或 whether。
e.g.I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..I’m interested in what you’ve said.3、whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，?？苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。
①賓語從句是否定句時(shí)，只用if，不用whether。
e.g.I wonder if it doesn’t rain.②用if 會引起誤解，就要用whether。
e.g.Please let me know whether you want to go（此句如果把whether改成if，容易當(dāng)成條件句）③賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換。e.g.I don’t know whether or not the report is true.I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.④介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不能用whether。
e.g.It depends on whether we have enough time.They don’t know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。
例如：I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。
（五）同位語從句
同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，用來說明名詞的內(nèi)容，這些名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
例如：.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：
that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）
名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
一、判斷下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句，并指出是什么從句：
1.China is no longer what it used to be.2.The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3.It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7.That is where Lu Xun used to live.8.He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9.Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10.I wonder why she refused my invitation.二 單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Do you see _____ I mean? A.that
B./
C.how
D.what 2.Tell me_____ is on your mind.A.that
B.what
C.which
D.why 3.We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.A.what
B.that
C./
D.how 4.Let me see _____.A.that can I repair the radio
B.whether I can repair the radio C.I can repair the radio
D.whether can I repair the radio 5.Keep in mind _____.A.that the teacher said B.what did the teacher say C.that did the teacher say D.what the teacher said 6.Could you advise me _____? A.which book should I read first B.what book should I read first C.that book 1 should read first D.which book I should read first 7.He was criticized for _____.A.he had done it B.what he had done
C.what had he done
D.that he had done it 8.Would you kindly tell me _____? A.how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station B.how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station C.where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station D.whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station 9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _____.A.what had she seen in China
B.that she had seen in China
C.what she had seen in China
D.which had she seen in China 10.We took it for granted ___
A.that they were not coming B.that were they not coming C.they were coming not
D.were they not coining 11.I really don't know _____ A.I should do next B.what should I do next
C.what I should do next D.how I should do next 12.I'm afraid _____.A.the little girl will have to be operated on B.that will the little girl have to operate on C.the little girl will have to operate on
D.that will the little girl have to be operated on 13.She walked up to _____.A.where did I stand
B.where I stood C.I stood there D.where I stood there 14.Can you tell me _____? A.who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who
C.who that gentleman is D.whom.is that gentleman 15.We'll give you _____.A.that do you need B.what do you need
C.whatever you need
D.whether do you need 16.They want us to know _____ to help us.A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can
D.how can they 17.We must put _____ into practice.A.what we have learned
B.that we have learned C.that have we learned
D.what have we learned 18.Did she say anything about _____? A.that the work was to be done B.how was the work to be done C.that was the work to be done D.how the work was to be done 19.He was never satisfied with _____.A.what she had achieved
B.had what she achieved C.she had achieved
D.that she achieved 20.These photographs will show you _____.A.what does our village look like
B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like
D.how our village looks like 21.Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.A.on that
B.what
C.that
D.on which 22.They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.A.when
B.where C.why
D.that
23.We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.A.what you did
B.that you had done C.that what you did
D.what did you do 24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.A.what
B.that
C.which
D./ 25.From _____ I should say he is a good worker.A.what 1 know of him
B.that I do know of him C.what do I know of him
D.that do I know of him 26.I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.A.whomever
B.anyone C.whoever D.someone 27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.A.What
B.That
C.When D.Where 28._____ was said here must be kept secret.A.Who
B.The thing C.Whatever
D.Where 29.It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.A.if
B.that
C.what
D.when 30.I'm going anyway._____ she will go is up to her to decide.A.If or not B.Whether or not C.If
D.That 31.It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 32.It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.A.what
B.that
C.why
D.where 33._____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.A.That
B.When
C.What
D.Whether 34.It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.A.if
B.whether
C.why
D.that 35.It doesn' t matter _____he' s come back or not.A.if
B.whether
C.that
D.when 36.It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.A.when
B.that
C.why
D.where 37.It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.A.when
B.why
C.where
D.that 38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.A.What
B.That C.Which
D.The things 39._____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.A.Anyone
B.The person C.Whoever
D.Who 40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.A.Whether
B.If
C.Whenever
D.That 41._____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.A.That
B.Whoever
C.Whether
D.Whether or not 42.__ we need more equipment is quite obvious.A.What
B.Whether
C.That
D.Whatever 43.Has it been announced _____? A.when are the planes to take off B.that are the planes to take off C.where are the planes to take off D.when the planes are to take off 44.That is _____ we all support his idea.A.what
B.why
C.where D.when 45.That’s _____ we should do.A.that
B.what
C.how
D.why 46._____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said A.What;that;what
B.What;what;what C.That;that;what
D.Why;that;which 47.Things were not _____ they seemed to be.A.when
B.why
C.that
D.what 48.That’s _____ I want to say.A.all what B.what
C.all which D.what that 49.That’s _____.A.where our differences lie B.our differences lie there C.where do our differences lie D.that where our differences lie 50.That is _____.A.where lived he there
B.where did he live C.where he lived
D.that where he lived 51.The questions is _____.A.whether is it worth doing B.that if it is worth doing C.whether it is worth doing D.if it is worth doing 52.Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A.how
B.which C.what
D.as 53.That's_____.A.how did I become a teacher B.how I became a teacher C.how a teacher I became D.that I became a teacher 54.They are just _____.A.that what shall I have B.what shall I have C.that I shall have what D.what I shall have 55.It looked ____.A.as if it was going to rain B.that as if it was going to rain C.as if was it going to rain D.as if that it was going to rain 56.That's_____.A.how she did it
B.that how did she do it.C.how did she do it
D.what she did it 57.That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.A.where B.which C.that
D.why 58.That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.A.where B.at which C.there where D.when
59.My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.A.if
B.that
C.when that D.that where 60.The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.A.what
B.that
C.why
D.if 61.We heard the news _____ our team had won.A.that
B.what
C.whether D.why 62.The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.A.why
B.if C.that
D.whether 63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.A.that
B.where C.that when
D.when
64.We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.A.whether B.that
C.why
D.when 65.They have no idea at all _____.A.where he has gone
B.where did he go C.where has he gone
D.which place he has gone
點(diǎn)擊咨詢 