第一篇：實(shí)用文體翻譯（定稿）

云南有26個(gè)少數(shù)民族，是中國(guó)少數(shù)民族種類最多的省份。各民族的服飾、建筑、風(fēng)俗、歌舞、飲食等，形成了一幅美麗的風(fēng)情畫卷。

Home to 26 ethnic groups—the largest number in China—Yunnan province offers tourists a cultural feast of unique ethnic costumes, architecture, cuisine, songs and dances.公司成立10多年來(lái)，一向致力于為顧客提供卓越的服務(wù)。

We have been in the business for over ten years with a reputation of quality to live up to.要集中全國(guó)人民的智慧和力量，聚精會(huì)神搞建設(shè)，一心一意謀發(fā)展。

We will pool the wisdom and strength of the people of the whole country and concentrate on construction and development.我國(guó)人民在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十五次全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)精神鼓舞下，正沿著建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義道路，滿懷信心，昂首闊步地邁向21世紀(jì)。

Inspired by the spirit of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people are advancing confidently towards the 21st century along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics.中餐烹調(diào)所用的天然配料，品種繁多，幾無(wú)窮盡；烹調(diào)方法，亦層出不窮，不可悉數(shù)，凡此種種，舉世無(wú)雙。The nearly endless variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world.整合IT市場(chǎng)資源，追求專業(yè)化、市場(chǎng)化、規(guī)模化、規(guī)范化。

We have integrated IT market resources, striving to be specialized and market-oriented with scale and standardization.人大的工作要從立法的系統(tǒng)性、科學(xué)性、公正性和漸進(jìn)性入手，努力提高立法質(zhì)量。

Starting systematically and scientifically with justice, the NPC should strive to improve the quality of legislation step by step.中國(guó)電信公司被重組后，作為它的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，中國(guó)聯(lián)通公司今年以來(lái)繼續(xù)擴(kuò)展了業(yè)務(wù)。

China United Telecommunication Corp, China Telecom’s chief rival, kept growing quickly this year after China Telecom was broken up.這項(xiàng)投資不會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)盈利，他們得做好準(zhǔn)備。

They will have to be prepared to wait longer for earnings from this investment.14億多中國(guó)人不僅解決了溫飽問(wèn)題，而且總體上達(dá)到小康水平。

The 1.4billiom-plus Chinese people have not only solved the problem of food and clothing but also secured in general a relatively comfortable life.五年來(lái)，惠安石雕形成了“質(zhì)樸細(xì)膩、形神兼?zhèn)洹钡乃囆g(shù)風(fēng)格和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵。

In the past 5 years, Hui’an stone sculpture has formed its unique style of simplicity, delicacy and vividness with cultural richness.80年前中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨誕生之時(shí)，黨員只有50幾人。

The Communist Party of China had only some 50 members at its birth 80 years ago.10年來(lái)，中國(guó)的旅游業(yè)達(dá)到了前所未有的蓬勃局面

The past decade has seen an unprecedented boom in China’s tourist industry.嚴(yán)格禁止有償新聞、買賣書號(hào)、無(wú)理索取高額報(bào)酬。

The practice of paid news, buying and selling of registered book numbers in publishing and unreasonable extortion of high payments should be strictly banned.要形成一種制度確保領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子年輕化、知識(shí)化、專業(yè)化。

We should institute a system to ensure that a younger, better-educated and more professional leadership is maintained.人們經(jīng)常會(huì)公開(kāi)議論政府工作，提出批評(píng)或建議，抨擊某些地方社會(huì)治安狀況。

People are often heard to comment on the government’s work in a public way to criticize or make complaints about the poor state of public security in some places.杭州的龍井茶為我國(guó)綠茶中之極品，以虎跑泉水沖飲，清香撲鼻，甘醇無(wú)比。

Hangzhou’s Longjing Tea, the best of China’s green tea, requires the water from the Tiger Spring to bring out its fragrance and delicacy.雖然海濱浴場(chǎng)每年吸引了成千上萬(wàn)的中外游客，但卻明顯地受季節(jié)自然因素的影響。

The bathing beach admits tens of thousands of visitors from home and abroad annually, but its use is obviously limited by seasonal or climatic changes.這兩次直航是臺(tái)灣海峽分隔52年以來(lái)，金門、馬祖的民眾第一次公開(kāi)從海上直航廈門、福州。

The two direct voyages have been the first open ones for people from Jimen and Mazu to Fujian since direct shipping links were cut off between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits 52 years ago.設(shè)想一下，沒(méi)有數(shù)字的世界是什么樣子！我們無(wú)法營(yíng)造房屋，建設(shè)城市，生產(chǎn)拖拉機(jī)或者建造船舶。Just think of the world without numbers!We couldn’t build houses or cities, or make tractors or ships.交出譯文之前，必須讀幾遍，看看有沒(méi)有要修改的地方。這樣你才能把工作做好。

Before heading in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.Only thus can you do your work well.銀行儲(chǔ)蓄所只在大部分人上班時(shí)開(kāi)門，對(duì)于廣大群眾未免太不方便了。

The savings bank is open only when the great majority of people are at work, and this cannot but be very inconvenient for the public.這位山里姑娘憑著自己的天賦，一路唱到省城，唱到全國(guó)，唱到世界。

The talented country girl sang all her way up to the town, the country and the world.1978年我以當(dāng)時(shí)比較好的成績(jī)考上了研究生，同年又考上了出國(guó)研究生。

In 1987 I was admitted as a postgraduate, for I did pretty well in the examination-----Judging by the then requirements.The same year I was also selected to pursue advanced studies abroad.這家賓館裝修使用的是易燃材料，而不是防火材料。

The hotel had used flammable materials for decoration instead of fireproof ones.我們清楚“情感營(yíng)銷”的概念已經(jīng)成為我們與客戶溝通的最好手段。

We well understand that Relationship Marketing is the best way in communicating with our customers.洞庭湖“銜遠(yuǎn)山，吞長(zhǎng)江，浩浩湯湯，橫無(wú)際涯”

Carrying distant mountains in the mouth and swallow in the Yangtze River, the vast and mighty Dongting Lake stretches afar.中國(guó)石油公司最近要求開(kāi)展內(nèi)部安全大檢查，實(shí)為亡羊補(bǔ)牢之舉。但這一悲劇引發(fā)的更為根本的問(wèn)題卻是，企業(yè)對(duì)工作場(chǎng)所的安全問(wèn)題是否重視。

CNPC’s recent order to carry out an in-house security inspection is a better-late-than-never effort.But a more fundamental question the tragedy raised was about enterprises’ commitment to workplace safety.這所大學(xué)校園占地面積900多畝，建筑面積為44萬(wàn)平方米。

The university covers an area of over 60 hectares with a floor space of 440000 square meters.這座城市的交通硬件不錯(cuò)，但在軟件方面尚需進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)。

The city boasts good transportation facilities but needs further implement in terms of management and service.火車未停，請(qǐng)勿開(kāi)門 please don’t open the door until the train stops.他不老實(shí)，我不信任他 I don’t trust him because he is not honest.說(shuō)是說(shuō)了，沒(méi)有結(jié)果 I’ve made proposals but they proved futile.久仰先生大名 I’ve long been looking forward to meeting you.桂林山水甲天下 East, West, Guilin’s landscape is the best.矢志不渝，追求完美in the passionate pursuit of perfection 花兒向您笑，請(qǐng)您愛(ài)護(hù)它keep off the flowers 12億多中國(guó)人不僅解決了溫飽問(wèn)題，而且總體上達(dá)到了小康水平

The 1.2billion-plus Chinese people have not only solved the problem of food and clothing but also secured in general a relatively comfortable life.這項(xiàng)投資不會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)盈利，他們得做好準(zhǔn)備。

They will have to be prepared to wait longer for earnings from this investment.必須認(rèn)識(shí)到，如果只講物質(zhì)利益，只講金錢，不講理想，不講道德，人們就會(huì)失去共同的奮斗目標(biāo)，失去行為的正確規(guī)范。

We must be aware that people will lack common objective of struggle and reject the accepted code of conduct if we only stress material gains and money to the neglect of ideal and morality.聽(tīng)到被判死刑，嫌疑人絕望了Informed of his death sentence, the prisoner despaired.魯迅紀(jì)念館如今已經(jīng)成為極富旅游價(jià)值的著名人文景觀。

Lu Xun Museum has now become a celebrated cultural showcase and a tourist Mecca for millions of people.天安門廣場(chǎng)舊址原是皇城的一個(gè)庭院，老百姓不得進(jìn)入。1959年，它被改造成現(xiàn)在的規(guī)模。這一次改造是為了迎接今年10月1日中華人民共和國(guó)成立50周年。

The original site of the Tian’an Men Square was at a courtyard of the imperial palace where the ordinary people were not allowed to enter.It was expanded into the existing vast area in 1959 and the latest restore will enable it to proudly stage the grand Gala of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China on October 1st.年邁的局長(zhǎng)在會(huì)議中間睡著了。The aged bureau chief nodded off in the middle of the conference.無(wú)論乘坐何種交通工具都能迅速抵達(dá)長(zhǎng)沙，下榻此處會(huì)讓你倍感舒適，這里的住宿條件能充分滿足各種檔次和品位的要求。

Whichever means you choose to visit Changsha, you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay here.Because Changsha has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes.如今武夷山已被聯(lián)合國(guó)科教文組織列為重點(diǎn)保護(hù)的世界自然與文化遺產(chǎn)。

Now the Wuyi Mountain has been inscribed on the UNESCO list of World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites to be given special protection.只要一天的功夫，游客便可以品嘗和體驗(yàn)豐富多彩，風(fēng)格各異的少數(shù)民族文化。

Just in one day, tourists will be able to taste and live the diversity, pluralism and richness of China’s ethnic culture.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好，日語(yǔ)一般也能應(yīng)付She can speak fluent English and basic Japanese.產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量必須保證 the quality of products must be guaranteed 如果開(kāi)支確屬必須，錢總是可以籌到的If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.由于種種歷史原因，中國(guó)的民族工業(yè)在二十世紀(jì)上半葉沒(méi)有得到迅速發(fā)展

Due to various historical factors, the national industry of China did not enjoy fast growth in the first half of the 20th century.這種政策不利于民族團(tuán)結(jié)such a policy does not contribute to harmonious ethnic relations.中國(guó)是四大文明古國(guó)之一 China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world.我們應(yīng)該教育孩子們講文明，懂禮貌We should educate children to stress on decorum and manners.他們的言談舉止很不文明，讓我們感到震驚We were shocked to find him so ill-mannered。

近年來(lái)，知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)作為一種新的力量在深圳興起，科技創(chuàng)新在深圳的發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。

In recent years, the knowledge-based economy has risen as a new force in Shenzhen.And scientific and technological innovations have contributed considerably to the city’s development.中山大學(xué)，原名廣東大學(xué)，由孫中山先生與1924年親手創(chuàng)辦。1926年，為紀(jì)念中山先生，改名為中山大學(xué)。Zhongshan University originally named Guangdong University was founded in 1924 by Dr.Sun Yet-Sen also known as Sun Zhongshan, the great leader of the democratic revolution in China.To commemorate Dr.Sun, it was renamed Zhongshan University in 1926.在歷史上著名的“西安事變”中，蔣介石被張學(xué)良扣留。

During the famous Xi’an Incident of December 12-25th,1936, Chiang Kai-Shek, leader of the then Kuomingtang-ruled central government was arrested by his second in command, Young Marshal, Chang Hsuch-Liang.在精神文明建設(shè)方面，堅(jiān)持“兩手抓，兩手都要硬”的方針

To promote ethnical and cultural progress, efforts have been made to place equal emphasis on material progress and ethnical and cultural progress with neither aspects neglected.中國(guó)迅速轉(zhuǎn)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)激發(fā)了人們讀MBA課程的熱情，對(duì)于想在下一個(gè)世紀(jì)成為“實(shí)業(yè)巨頭”的追求向上的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這門課程不只是MBA，它實(shí)際上是成敗在此一舉的財(cái)富。

China’s rapid shift to a market-oriented economy is fueling an MBA craze for the upwardly mobile who want to be business tycoons in the next century;the MBA is more than a Master of Business Administration.It’s a Make or Break Asset.中國(guó)人有在正月十五晚上吃元宵、賞花燈的習(xí)俗

The Chinese have the custom of eating Yuanxiao(sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour)and watching festive lanterns on the fifteens evening of the first lunar month.他的不合作態(tài)度使這個(gè)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展十分緩慢

The project is making slow progress due to his non-cooperation.他特別喜歡給人介紹對(duì)象 he takes great pleasure in acting as a matchmaker.他客氣而冷淡的接待了我們 he received us with cool politeness 他說(shuō)自己才疏學(xué)淺，這不過(guò)是中國(guó)人的客氣罷了 He says that he is a man of little learning and talent.That is merely self-description, considered as politeness by the Chinese.創(chuàng)新可以使我們成為行業(yè)的佼佼者，創(chuàng)新可使我們具有真正的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) Innovation is what sets us apart and creates a true competitive advantage.要幫助人們?cè)鰪?qiáng)自立意識(shí)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)、效率意識(shí)、民主法治意識(shí)和開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新意識(shí)

We must help people increase the awareness of self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.在香港，臺(tái)灣，東南亞和其他國(guó)家深受歡迎。

It sells well in HK and Taiwan regions as well as South Asian and other countries.你們誰(shuí)想?yún)⒓哟河尉驮谛瞧谖逯皥?bào)名并交費(fèi)

Those of you who want to go on the spring outing are required to sign up and hand in the payment before Friday.我覺(jué)得這個(gè)店里的衣服即使打六折也還是太貴。

I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if we could get a 40 percent discount.就目前情況看，工程造價(jià)將會(huì)超出預(yù)算百分之三十。

Judging by the current situation, the construction cost of this project will exceed the budget by thirty percent.萬(wàn)一你想取消這次旅行，請(qǐng)至少提前一個(gè)月書面通知我們。

If you want to cancel this travel, please notice us in writing one month in advance.由于這些產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量低劣，所以我方把20箱全部退回，并務(wù)必請(qǐng)貴方更換這些產(chǎn)品

As the goods are inferior in quality, we are returning the whole of the 20 cases and must ask you to replace them.想讓他答應(yīng)如此要求恐怕不太可能

It is unlikely for him to agree such request.在董事會(huì)年會(huì)上，他提請(qǐng)大家注意一個(gè)被普遍忽視的問(wèn)題。

On the annual board of the directors, he called everyone to pay attention to a commonly ignored problem.在中國(guó)一提到孔子，上至白發(fā)蒼蒼的老人，下至天真幼稚的頑童，無(wú)人不知，無(wú)人不曉，人們?yōu)榱思o(jì)念他，在許多地方都建有祭祀他的寺廟，天津也不例外。

When Confucius is mentioned in China, everyone knows him not only the grey haired men, but also the na?ve and mischievous children.People have built temples in many places in order to commemorate him and Tianjin is no exception.Confucius is a household name in China.Temples in memory of him could be found everywhere in China and Tianjin is no exception.貴重物品，現(xiàn)金請(qǐng)交服務(wù)臺(tái)保管，否則后果自負(fù)。

Valuable articles such as cash and jewelry should be handed to General Services Desk for safe keeping.我們已向伊拉克大選提供了100萬(wàn)美元援助，并為伊拉克培訓(xùn)外交官以及經(jīng)濟(jì)管理和能源開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)域的人才。We have provided one million dollars to help Iraq general election and trained diplomats, economic managers and energy exploitation professionals for Iraq.我們必須合理利用現(xiàn)有資源促進(jìn)我縣的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

We must promote the economic development of our county by making sensible use of the resources now available.他利用業(yè)余時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)he spends his spare time studying English 他的這個(gè)弱點(diǎn)很容易被對(duì)手利用this weakness of his can be easily taken advantage of by his opponent.自然科學(xué)方面，我們比較落后，特別要努力向外國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。但是也要有批判的學(xué)，不可盲目的學(xué)。

In the natural science, we are rather backward, and here we should make a special effort to learn from foreign countries and yet we must learn critically not blindly.我希望你好好考慮一下我的建議。I’d appreciate if you could give my proposal your careful consideration.真希望她現(xiàn)在就在我的身邊if only she were here beside me 兒子沒(méi)有考上大學(xué)，是我們的希望落空。Our son fell short of our expectations by failing the college.他被那所大學(xué)錄取的希望不大。It’s not very likely for him to gain admission to that university.他總是看領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的眼色行事he takes his cue from his superiors in everything he does.他們想看我的笑話，沒(méi)那么容易they want to make a fool of me.They are sure to be disappointed.你能不能得到這份工作，主要看你的英文水平.Your English level is a decisive factor in this job.偷看別人的日記是不道德的行為。It is indecent to look into someone’s diary on the sly.我們要根據(jù)形勢(shì)的發(fā)展來(lái)調(diào)整政策。We must make adjustments in our policy in response to changing of the situation.請(qǐng)大家積極參與單位的體制改革。Everyone is called on to take an active role in the systematic reform of one’s work.他總是以積極的態(tài)度處理各種問(wèn)題。He takes a positive attitude in dealing with all kinds of problems.發(fā)言者先簡(jiǎn)短的做了自我介紹，然后開(kāi)始演講。The speaker began his speech after a brief self-introduction.我先介紹一下本公司的主要產(chǎn)品。Let me start by saying a few words about our company’s main products.你能否介紹一下你的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)？could you tell us how you achieved your success? 如果不是朋友介紹，他不會(huì)得到那個(gè)職位。Only with his friend’s recommendation was he able to get his job.我國(guó)的一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策式發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)。Promoting the growth of township and village enterprises is an integral part of our national policy.北京的腿，西安的嘴，桂林的山和水

In Beijing, the tourist guide has to walk a lot because there are so many places to see;in Xi’an, he has to talk a lot because there are so many histories to tell;in Guilin, he doesn’t have to talk or walk a lot because the beautiful mountains and rivers are attractive enough for the travelers themselves to see and enjoy.The charming of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders of leaps and sparkles or just glows.交談的魅力在于不能確定它始于何處，也無(wú)人料及會(huì)通向何方，它時(shí)而緩流蜿蜒，時(shí)而水流涌急，時(shí)而火花閃爍，時(shí)而熾熱通明。

Each conqueror in his turn raising a new dynasty and new monuments to his own glory in this region has all passed into history.一個(gè)又一個(gè)的征服者相繼在此建立新的王朝，樹(shù)立新的豐碑，以顯示其不朽的功業(yè)，然而最終卻通通如過(guò)往云煙，化為歷史遺跡。

A few years ago, it was thought unusual that programs could ever be called up by viewers to be displayed on their TV screens at home.幾年前，人們認(rèn)為，觀眾能夠打電話要求在自家的電視屏幕上播出節(jié)目是一件稀罕事。

風(fēng)和日麗fine and warm 走南闖北travel extensively 歡天喜地in rapture 潔白無(wú)瑕spotless white平淡無(wú)奇lack distinction/insipid PLC public limited company上市公司 Ltd limited有限（責(zé)任）公司 Inc incorporated股份有限的

吃在廣州 food/delicacy in Guangzhou 解放前、解放后 before/after the founding of People’s Republic of China 飯桶good-for-nothing 飯碗 rice bowl(lose one’s job)吃不開(kāi)be unpopular 吃不了兜著走get into serious trouble 吃不消be unable to stand 吃不住 be unable to bear or support 吃老本live off one’s past gains 吃軟不吃硬be open to persuasion but not to compulsion 吃閑飯lead an idle life 吃香be very popular 吃奶的力氣the last strength 使勁 strain every muscle 吃力不討好be a fool for one’s pains 吃眼前虧suffer loss under one’s nose 消防車fire engine 三輪車pedicab 人力車jinrick-shaw 救護(hù)車ambulance 雞毛feather 羊毛wool 牛毛ox hair 豬毛bristle 卡丁車 go-kart 華倫天奴 Valentino 花旗參 American ginseng 黃金時(shí)間prime time 花式調(diào)酒flair bartending 獵頭head hunter 激流勇進(jìn)flume ride

旋轉(zhuǎn)木馬merry-go-round 摩天輪ferris wheel 米字旗Union Jack Pearl S Buck賽珍珠 靳羽西Yui Sai Kan

盧溝橋the Marco Polo Bridge 編輯部editorial office 培訓(xùn)部training department 師部division headquarters 文化部Ministry of culture 黑馬dark horse

隨行人員entourage /party

不二價(jià) one price

收音耳機(jī)a headset radio 太平門emergency exit

九五折a five percent discount 油漆未干wet paint 郵件截止日mail day 教練車student driver 聽(tīng)電話answer the phone 最新消息latest news 好票good seats 得失loss and gain

異同similarities and differences 不論晴雨rain or shine

中小型企業(yè)small and medium-size business 桃源問(wèn)津inquiring the way to Shangri-la 美食城food court 新技術(shù)區(qū)technopolis 情場(chǎng)老手beauty hunter

以外貿(mào)企業(yè)為龍頭with the foreign trade firms as the locomotiveflagship 用品goods

體育用品sports goods 辦公用品office supplies 文化用品stationery 釣魚用品fishing gear 生活用品daily necessities 盥洗用品toilet articles

第二篇：不同文體翻譯

復(fù)習(xí)版筆記(3)第三部分：不同文體翻譯 散文翻譯

一、散文的特點(diǎn)

散文是文學(xué)中常見(jiàn)的體裁,它選材廣泛,結(jié)構(gòu)靈活,表現(xiàn)手法多樣,如敘事!抒情!議論等,主要特點(diǎn)是：體物寫志,行散神聚。―形散―是指散文運(yùn)筆如風(fēng),不拘形式,清淡自然;―神聚‖指意旨明確,緊湊集中,既散得開(kāi),又收得攏;既有豪放的特色,又有清幽的特征。真正的散文是充滿詩(shī)意的,就像蘋果里飽含著果汁一樣(巴烏斯托夫斯基語(yǔ))。優(yōu)美的散文藝術(shù)性在于新穎的構(gòu)思,充沛的感情,豐富的想像,簡(jiǎn)潔精粹的語(yǔ)言和耐人尋味的意境“散文也常常被比作小而境界深邃的園林。作者運(yùn)筆看似信手拈來(lái),實(shí)則字斟句酌,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,使讀者浮想聯(lián)翩。文論家劉勰說(shuō)道: ―情動(dòng)而言行,理發(fā)而文見(jiàn)‖,由此可見(jiàn)散文貴在以巧取勝,以巧妙的語(yǔ)言、巧的意境來(lái)打動(dòng)讀者,給讀者以最大審美愉悅。既然散文有豐富的藝術(shù)魅力,那么它的審美效果又如何在譯文中傳達(dá)呢?俄國(guó)著名翻譯家吉加切奇拉澤在《文藝翻譯與文學(xué)交流》一書中談到文藝翻譯的總的指導(dǎo)原則時(shí)認(rèn)為:―理想的文藝翻譯首先是在藝術(shù)上,而不是在語(yǔ)言上和原文一致。即使達(dá)不到這一目標(biāo),也應(yīng)全力以求,離目標(biāo)越近越好‖。在加氏看來(lái),作家的思想表現(xiàn)在文字形象以及一定的語(yǔ)調(diào)和節(jié)奏結(jié)構(gòu)上，每個(gè)句子由若干語(yǔ)調(diào)、意群或若干句素組成,它們的意義合構(gòu)成句子。因此,他認(rèn)為文藝翻譯的過(guò)程也應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)上面的模式進(jìn)行。不過(guò)譯者不能機(jī)械地重復(fù)創(chuàng)作過(guò)程的所有階段，譯者應(yīng)努力把通過(guò)文字形象表達(dá)的原作的思想用另一種語(yǔ)言再現(xiàn)出來(lái),當(dāng)然同時(shí)要有兼顧文學(xué)文本所特有的語(yǔ)調(diào)、節(jié)奏和句構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，作為文學(xué)翻譯形式之一的散文翻譯,自然也要求譯者在傳譯過(guò)程中,不僅要傳達(dá)出原文的語(yǔ)流!節(jié)奏和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等語(yǔ)義信息,更應(yīng)著重傳達(dá)原文的藝術(shù)神韻,以使目標(biāo)讀者在讀譯文時(shí)可以獲得和原文讀者讀原文時(shí)同樣的語(yǔ)義和美學(xué)的雙重享受。

二、散文英譯

以張培基的《英譯中國(guó)現(xiàn)代散文選》為例：(一)句子短小精悍,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單

從理論上說(shuō),英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言與漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言相比,英語(yǔ)句子―常常是環(huán)扣相嵌,盤根錯(cuò)節(jié),句中有句‖,也就是所謂的―樓房建筑法‖(architecture style)。而漢語(yǔ)以散句、松句、緊縮句、省略句、流水句等短句居多[4 ](P48the26)

譯文句子多為簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句,譯文干凈、利落,通俗易懂,給人一種清爽自然之美,而沒(méi)有盤根錯(cuò)節(jié)之迷惑。(二)用詞簡(jiǎn)單、通俗

張培基先生在翻譯散文時(shí), 很少使用生僻詞(bigwords),主要使用普通的形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞等,以達(dá)到言簡(jiǎn)意賅。例如:

1.他的腦子也不小,但他的記性卻不很精明,他的思想也不很細(xì)密?！恫畈欢嘞壬鷤鳌稨is brain is none too small ,but he is weak in memory and sloppy in thinking.2.他用兩手攀著上面,兩腳再向上縮;他肥胖的身子向左微傾。??過(guò)鐵道時(shí),他先將橘子散放在地上,自己慢慢爬下,再抱起橘子走。———《背影》His hands held onto the upper part of the platform ,his legs huddled up and his corpulent body tipped slightly towards the left , ??In crossing the railway track,he first put the tangerines on the ground ,climbed down slowly and then picked them up again.3.燕子去了,有再來(lái)的時(shí)候;楊柳枯了,有再青的時(shí)候;桃花謝了,有再開(kāi)的時(shí)候。但是,聰明的,你告訴我,我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢? ———《匆匆》If swallows go away ,they will come back again.If willows wither,they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade,they will flower again.But ,tell me ,you the wise ,why should our days go by never to return ?

從以上的摘錄我們可以看出,張先生翻譯的風(fēng)格用詞方面樸實(shí)無(wú)華,對(duì)保存原文風(fēng)格起到至關(guān)重要的作用。(三)修辭上力求通俗易懂

一般說(shuō)來(lái),散文中修辭格用得相當(dāng)少。但張培基先生在翻譯中對(duì)于這一小部分語(yǔ)言要素也不忽略,認(rèn)真處理,使譯文沒(méi)有生硬的感覺(jué)。例如:

1.他也說(shuō)我一天不寫文章第二天就沒(méi)有飯吃?！杜笥选?借代)

He also says that I would have nothing to live on once I should lay down my pen.意譯法處理該句符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,如直譯為―have no rice to eat‖,一定會(huì)引起歧義,讓人費(fèi)解。

2.弓兒似的新月,掛在樹(shù)梢?！缎Α?明喻)

The crescent new moon looked as if hanging on the tips of the trees.譯文仍然用比喻的修辭手法翻譯原文的比喻,但卻轉(zhuǎn)移了喻體, ―弓兒似的‖如果直譯成bowdecision‖等.但作為外事翻譯主體,必須清楚其翻譯的目的和意圖,外事翻譯強(qiáng)調(diào)翻譯的程式化和莊嚴(yán)化,所以在翻譯時(shí)可以采用的策略受到嚴(yán)格限制.《中英聯(lián)合聲明》不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的條約或者協(xié)議,因此在翻譯的時(shí)候?yàn)榱嗣鞔_表達(dá)《中英聯(lián)合聲明》的內(nèi)在意義及莊重性,選擇的詞匯是―Joint Declaration‖.同樣的道理,在《聯(lián)合聲明》中,一個(gè)重要的內(nèi)容就是表明中國(guó)政府對(duì)香港―恢復(fù)行使主權(quán)‖.但是在―恢復(fù)行使主權(quán)‖的翻譯上,中英雙方有很大分歧.中方最初先提議用―recover sovereignty‖,英方提議用―a transfer of sovereignty‖。很明顯,由于翻譯主體的不同,彼此表達(dá)的意義完全不同.中方的翻譯是―收回主權(quán)‖,而英方的翻譯是―主權(quán)移交‖,而且由于不定冠詞―a‖有貶低―移交‖的意義,因此英方的翻譯是我方不能接受的.最后,經(jīng)過(guò)我國(guó)法律專家的研究后,認(rèn)為使用―resume the exercise of sovereignty‖較為恰當(dāng),這一譯文表明:我們國(guó)家以前對(duì)香港的主權(quán),并不是―喪失‖,而是由于種種原因―未能行使‖,現(xiàn)在則是重新―恢復(fù)行使主權(quán)‖?？梢?jiàn),定稿后的譯文就正確的反映了翻譯主體的意圖 2)譯文的可接受性

譯文的可接受性指的是譯文是否符合目的語(yǔ)的文化和體裁慣例,是否通俗易懂.可接受性的高低直接影響翻譯的效果.外事翻譯與文學(xué)翻譯不同的是,它并不強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言的優(yōu)美而側(cè)重于語(yǔ)言的可接受性及理解性.作為傳遞信息的主要載體,翻譯中應(yīng)側(cè)重于忠實(shí)和連貫:即要遵守外事翻譯中的準(zhǔn)確性及精確性、一致性及同一性、專業(yè)性和規(guī)范性原則.例如1999 年10 月我國(guó)外交部發(fā)言人曾就巴基斯坦局勢(shì)發(fā)表看法:―我們十分關(guān)注巴基斯坦的局勢(shì)發(fā)展,正在進(jìn)一步了解情況.‖我國(guó)翻譯人員把這句話譯成―We are very much concerned about the developments in Pakistan and making further investigation into it‖.這樣的翻譯就不符合巴基斯坦的文化慣例.因此,巴基斯坦駐華大使在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)后,立即要求中國(guó)政府做出澄清.因?yàn)楱Dconcerned‖一詞含有否定意思,即有不好的事情發(fā)生時(shí),某人對(duì)此表示―關(guān)注‖.。巴基斯坦大使認(rèn)為,中國(guó)和巴基斯坦是―全天候朋友‖,中國(guó)政府不應(yīng)該用與西方國(guó)家相同的詞來(lái)表達(dá)態(tài)度.因此,將原文譯成―We have been watching the developments in Pakistan very closely and are waiting for further information‖,則既能表明中國(guó)政府在巴基斯坦問(wèn)題上的一貫立場(chǎng),又能夠避免上述矛盾的產(chǎn)生.3)文化的特殊性

翻譯目的論認(rèn)為翻譯不僅是語(yǔ)言的翻譯,而且也是文化的翻譯,翻譯涉及兩種文化的比較.文化的特殊性是指在進(jìn)行兩種文化對(duì)比時(shí),存在于一種文化而不存在于另一種文化的現(xiàn)象.外事翻譯首先就是一種跨語(yǔ)言、跨文化的翻譯.我們不僅要掌握語(yǔ)言的表面形式,還要熟悉語(yǔ)言深層的文化內(nèi)涵.如果我們不尊重和不了解外國(guó)受眾的思維習(xí)慣,超越語(yǔ)言和文化的差異,熟練地運(yùn)用貼近其信息需求和思維習(xí)慣的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言,我們的傳播效果就會(huì)受到很大影響.例如,央視國(guó)際網(wǎng)站有關(guān)中國(guó)新聞的一則報(bào)道: ―Chinese leaders have joined noted intellectuals at a party to celebrate the Lantern Festival.The event took place at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.‖

分析: 對(duì)中國(guó)受眾來(lái)說(shuō), 沒(méi)有必要對(duì)―Lantern Festival‖加以說(shuō)明,因?yàn)槎贾肋@是元宵節(jié),農(nóng)歷正月十五,是家人團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻.但這一點(diǎn)需要向外國(guó)受眾說(shuō)明,不然他們會(huì)感到困惑:為什么中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人要與著名知識(shí)分子一起歡度這個(gè)節(jié)日呢? 當(dāng)然,在新聞里,不能提供太具體的背景知識(shí),要恰到好處,呈現(xiàn)出最重要的信息.建議:―Chinese leaders have joined noted intellectuals at a party to celebrate the Lantern Festival ,an important day for a family reunion ,which marks the end of the Spring Festival celebration.3 外事翻譯中的主要失誤 1)語(yǔ)言性翻譯失誤

這種失誤主要包括語(yǔ)句型和語(yǔ)意型兩種.前者如語(yǔ)法誤解、單詞誤看、短語(yǔ)誤識(shí)等等;后者如過(guò)度意譯、斷章取譯、邏輯混亂等等.例如,1999 年3 月朱總理在回答《時(shí)代》周刊記者時(shí)說(shuō):―我不認(rèn)為我對(duì)美國(guó)的訪問(wèn)將要進(jìn)入?地雷陣‘,但是確實(shí)會(huì)遇到很多敵意和不友好的氣氛‖.譯文: I don‘t think my visit to the United States will bring me into a minefield ,but I do expect to encounter some hostile or some unfriendly at mosphere there.該譯文用了―bring into‖和―I do expect to encounter‖,似乎訪問(wèn)美國(guó)就是進(jìn)人地雷陣并確實(shí)期待敵意.若改為involve entering 和may really meet 則更貼切.改譯: I don‘t think my trip to the United States involves entering a minefield ,but I may really meet with much hostility or unfriendliness there.2)文化性翻譯失誤

與語(yǔ)言性失誤相比,文化性翻譯失誤是一種宏觀與具體層次上均存在的―功能性翻譯失誤‖.目的論所說(shuō)的文化性翻譯失誤指譯文中與譯語(yǔ)文化規(guī)范和慣例相沖突之處,在外事翻譯中主要體現(xiàn)在術(shù)語(yǔ)的隨譯.例如:計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代,我國(guó)提到的―外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)‖就是指以出口為主的經(jīng)濟(jì),因此譯文可以是―exportmarket-oriented economy‖.又如,對(duì)于―五講四美三熱愛(ài)‖的譯文:―the movement of five stresses ,four points of beauty , and three aspects of love ,‖這就是一個(gè)存在失誤的譯文,很多外國(guó)人誤解為―五個(gè)重點(diǎn),四個(gè)美女,三個(gè)情人‖.這就是一種文化性的失誤,直譯導(dǎo)致了內(nèi)容的歪曲,信息的損失,理解上的困難.因此,可以采取補(bǔ)加譯注或解釋性的翻譯,使原語(yǔ)內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確傳遞給讀者.改譯為:―stress on decorum ,manners ,hygiene ,discipline and morals;beauty of the mind ,language ,behavior , and the environment;love of the motherland ,socialism and the Communist Party.‖對(duì)于這種中西文化差異以及漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)的濃厚中國(guó)特色帶來(lái)的障礙,就要求譯者具備嫻熟的雙語(yǔ)基本功和廣博的文化知識(shí),能根據(jù)上下文準(zhǔn)確理解原文習(xí)俗語(yǔ)的喻義并加以變通。

復(fù)習(xí)版筆記(2)第二部分常用翻譯技巧

英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在句法、詞匯、修辭等方面均存在著很大的差異，因此在進(jìn)行英漢互譯時(shí)必然會(huì)遇到很多困難，需要有一定的翻譯技巧作指導(dǎo)。常用的翻譯技巧有增譯法、省譯法、轉(zhuǎn)換法、拆句法、合并法、正譯法、反譯法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重組法和綜合法等。

1增譯法：指根據(jù)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言不同的思維方式、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式，在翻譯時(shí)增添一些詞、短句或句子，以便更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句較多，而英語(yǔ)句子一般都要有主語(yǔ)，所以在翻譯漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句的時(shí)候，除了少數(shù)可用英語(yǔ)無(wú)主句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或”There be…“結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯以外，一般都要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ)，使句子完整。英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語(yǔ)中代詞使用頻率較高，凡說(shuō)到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關(guān)的事物時(shí)，必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此，在漢譯英時(shí)需要增補(bǔ)物主代詞，而在英譯漢時(shí)又需要根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)?shù)貏h減。英語(yǔ)詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子與句子的邏輯關(guān)系一般用連詞來(lái)表示，而漢語(yǔ)則往往通過(guò)上下文和語(yǔ)序來(lái)表示這種關(guān)系。因此，在漢譯英時(shí)常常需要增補(bǔ)連詞。英語(yǔ)句子離不開(kāi)介詞和冠詞。另外，在漢譯英時(shí)還要注意增補(bǔ)一些原文中暗含而沒(méi)有明言的詞語(yǔ)和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語(yǔ)，以確保譯文意思的完整?？傊ㄟ^(guò)增譯，一是保證譯文語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整，二是保證譯文意思的明確。如：（1）What about calling him right away? 馬上給他打個(gè)電話，你覺(jué)得如何？（增譯主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)）

（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化實(shí)現(xiàn)該有多好?。。ㄔ鲎g主句）(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 實(shí)際情況恰好相反。（增譯名詞）

(4)就是法西斯國(guó)家本國(guó)的人民也被剝奪了人權(quán)。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增譯物主代詞）

（5）只許州官放火，不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。

While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps.（增譯連詞）

（6）這是我們兩國(guó)人民的又一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)。

This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.（增譯介詞）（7）在人權(quán)領(lǐng)域，中國(guó)反對(duì)以大欺小、以強(qiáng)凌弱。

In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the

strong bullying the weak.（增譯暗含詞語(yǔ)）（8）三個(gè)臭皮匠，合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增譯注釋性詞語(yǔ)）

2.省譯法：這是與增譯法相對(duì)應(yīng)的一種翻譯方法，即刪去不符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式的詞，以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。又如：（1）You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京訪問(wèn)期間就住在這家飯店里。（省譯物主代詞）(2)I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在這兒過(guò)得愉快。（省譯物主代詞）（3）中國(guó)政府歷來(lái)重視環(huán)境保護(hù)工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省譯名詞)

3轉(zhuǎn)換法：指翻譯過(guò)程中為了使譯文符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)的表述方式、方法和習(xí)慣而對(duì)原句中的詞類、句型和語(yǔ)態(tài)等進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。具體的說(shuō)，就是在詞性方面，把名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為代詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞；把動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞；把形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞和短語(yǔ)。在句子成分方面，把主語(yǔ)變成狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)；把謂語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)；把定語(yǔ)變成狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)；把賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)。在句型方面，把并列句變成復(fù)合句，把復(fù)合句變成并列句，把狀語(yǔ)從句變成定語(yǔ)從句。在語(yǔ)態(tài)方面，可以把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：(1)我們學(xué)院受教委和市政府的雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞)（2）Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子們看電視過(guò)多會(huì)大大地?fù)p壞視力。(名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞)（3）由于我們實(shí)行了改革開(kāi)放政策，我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力有了明顯的增強(qiáng)。Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞)(4)I'm all for you opinion.我完全贊成你的意見(jiàn)。（介詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞）

（5）The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革開(kāi)放政策受到了全中國(guó)人民的擁護(hù)。（動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞）

（6）In his article the author is critical of man's negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中，對(duì)人類疏忽自身環(huán)境作了批評(píng)。（形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞）

（7）In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些歐洲國(guó)家里，人民享受最廣泛的社會(huì)福利，如醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)等。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

（8）時(shí)間不早了，我們回去吧！

We don't have much time left.Let's go back.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)（9）學(xué)生們都應(yīng)該德、智、體全面發(fā)展。

All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.(名詞轉(zhuǎn)副詞)

4.拆句法和合并法：這是兩種相對(duì)應(yīng)的翻譯方法。拆句法是把一個(gè)長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的句子拆譯成若干個(gè)較短、較簡(jiǎn)單的句子，通常用于英譯漢；合并法是把若干個(gè)短句合并成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，一般用于漢譯英。漢語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)意合，結(jié)構(gòu)較松散，因此簡(jiǎn)單句較多；英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)形合，結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密，因此長(zhǎng)句較多。所以漢譯英時(shí)要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語(yǔ)短句連成長(zhǎng)句；而英譯漢時(shí)又常常要在原句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、主謂連接處、并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連接處、后續(xù)成分與主體的連接處，以及意群結(jié)束處將長(zhǎng)句切斷，譯成漢語(yǔ)分句。這樣就可以基本保留英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序，順譯全句，順應(yīng)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)短句相替、單復(fù)句相間的句法修辭原則。如：

(1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中國(guó)加強(qiáng)合作，符合美國(guó)的利益。（在主謂連接處拆譯）

（2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感謝你們無(wú)與倫比的盛情款待。中國(guó)人民正是以這種熱情好客而聞明世界的。（在定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯）

（3）This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain's membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account 英聯(lián)邦各國(guó)尤其如此，它們認(rèn)為英國(guó)加入歐共體，將能保證歐共體的政策照顧到它們的利益。（在定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯）

（4）中國(guó)是個(gè)大國(guó)，百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一，其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。

China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged inagriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.（合譯）

5.正譯法和反譯法：這兩種方法通常用于漢譯英，偶爾也用于英譯漢。所謂正譯，是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相同的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相反的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果，但反譯往往更符合英語(yǔ)的思維方式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因此比較地道。如：（1）在美國(guó)，人人都能買到槍。

In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.(正譯)

In the United States, guns are available to everyone.(反譯)（2）你可以從因特網(wǎng)上獲得這一信息。

You can obtain this information on the Internet.（正譯）

This information is accessible/available on the Internet.（反譯）（3）他突然想到了一個(gè)新主意。

Suddenly he had a new idea.(正譯)

He suddenly thought out a new idea.(正譯)

A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.（反譯）（4）他仍然沒(méi)有弄懂我的意思。

He still could not understand me.(正譯)

Still he failed to understand me.(反譯)（5）無(wú)論如何，她算不上一位思維敏捷的學(xué)生。

She can hardly be rated as a bright student.(正譯)

She is anything but a bright student.(反譯)（6）Please withhold the document for the time being.請(qǐng)暫時(shí)扣下這份文件。（正譯）請(qǐng)暫時(shí)不要發(fā)這份文件。（反譯）

6.倒置法：在漢語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)往往位于被修飾語(yǔ)之前；在英語(yǔ)中，許多修飾語(yǔ)常常位于被修飾語(yǔ)之后，因此翻譯時(shí)往往要把原文的語(yǔ)序顛倒過(guò)來(lái)。倒置法通常用于英譯漢, 即對(duì)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法進(jìn)行前后調(diào)換，按意群或進(jìn)行全部倒置，原則是使?jié)h語(yǔ)譯句安排符合現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時(shí)倒置法也用于漢譯英。如：

（1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.此時(shí)此刻，通過(guò)現(xiàn)代通信手段的奇跡，看到和聽(tīng)到我們講話的人比整個(gè)世界歷史上任何其他這樣的場(chǎng)合都要多。（部分倒置）

（2）I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.我堅(jiān)信，英國(guó)依然應(yīng)該是歐共體中的一個(gè)積極的和充滿活力的成員，這是符合我國(guó)人民利益的。（部分倒置）

（3）改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)

7.包孕法：這種方法多用于英譯漢。所謂包孕是指在把英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，把英語(yǔ)后置成分按照漢語(yǔ)的正常語(yǔ)序放在中心詞之前，使修飾成分在漢語(yǔ)句中形成前置包孕。但修飾成分不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)，否則會(huì)形成拖沓或造成漢語(yǔ)句子成分在連接上的糾葛。如：

(1)You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close.您是一位來(lái)自于使中國(guó)倍感親切的國(guó)家和大洲的代表。

(2)What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.使我們走到一起的，是我們有超越這些分歧的共同利益。.插入法：指把難以處理的句子成分用破折號(hào)、括號(hào)或前后逗號(hào)插入譯句中。這種方法主要用于筆譯中。偶爾也用于口譯中，即用同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)處理一些解釋性成分。如：

如果說(shuō)宣布收回香港就會(huì)像夫人說(shuō)的”帶來(lái)災(zāi)難性的影響“，那我們要勇敢地面對(duì)這個(gè)災(zāi)難，做出決策。

If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, ”disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.9.重組法：指在進(jìn)行英譯漢時(shí)，為了使譯文流暢和更符合漢語(yǔ)敘事論理的習(xí)慣，在捋清英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的結(jié)構(gòu)、弄懂英語(yǔ)原意的基礎(chǔ)上，徹底擺脫原文語(yǔ)序和句子形式，對(duì)句子進(jìn)行重新組合。如：

Decision must be made very rapidly;physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.必須把大量時(shí)間花在確保關(guān)鍵人物均根據(jù)同一情報(bào)和目的行事，而這一切對(duì)身體的耐力和思維能力都是一大考驗(yàn)。因此，一旦考慮成熟，決策者就應(yīng)迅速做出決策。

10．綜合法：是指單用某種翻譯技巧無(wú)法譯出時(shí)，著眼篇章，以邏輯分析為基礎(chǔ)，同時(shí)使用轉(zhuǎn)換法、倒置法、增譯法、省譯法、拆句法等多種翻譯技巧的方法。如： How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe? 歐洲聯(lián)盟應(yīng)該怎樣做才能對(duì)歐洲的電影電視工業(yè)有所貢獻(xiàn)，使它在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力，使它有能力發(fā)揮歐洲文化的影響，并且能夠在歐洲創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)呢？

第三篇：英譯漢-文體翻譯新聞

第六單元文體翻譯

第一節(jié)新聞報(bào)道

一、新聞翻譯的特點(diǎn)

1、翻譯講求實(shí)效

2、可以適當(dāng)增減

?翻譯：遵循翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行全文翻譯。

?編譯：緊扣原作主題思想，從原作選取最有價(jià)值的內(nèi)容，遵循篇章構(gòu)建的一般規(guī)律，基本按照原作的時(shí)間先后順序和邏輯關(guān)系組織行文，再按照翻譯的一般原則，將其譯成目的語(yǔ)的過(guò)程。（王濤 2004）

?摘譯：摘取一些認(rèn)為重要的或者說(shuō)傳達(dá)了重要信息的段落和內(nèi)容。（俞建村 2001）（注意：必須完整地翻譯抽取的內(nèi)容。）

?參見(jiàn)教材第十章 ―翻譯的類型‖ p135.3、符合寫作要求

（1）手法：

?以盡可能有趣的方式將一定事實(shí)展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

（2）結(jié)構(gòu)：

? 編年史法（chronological method）：

依照事實(shí)發(fā)生先后按時(shí)間順序敘述。

? 新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)法（news lead method）：

依照事實(shí)的重要性來(lái)鋪陳、排列事實(shí)。

（3）語(yǔ)言：

? 具體、準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)明、通俗、生動(dòng)。

4、內(nèi)容力求準(zhǔn)確

二、新聞的翻譯

?標(biāo)題的翻譯

?電頭的翻譯

?導(dǎo)語(yǔ)的翻譯

?正文的翻譯

?了解背景知識(shí)

例：

US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site

WASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the ―no-fly‖ zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday.But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has ―locked on‖ to the plane on Saturday.A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia.It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged.The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way.Iraq denied any such incident had taken place.美導(dǎo)彈擊中伊拉克雷達(dá)基地

華盛頓電：五角大樓昨日宣稱：一架美空軍F－16戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)在伊拉克南部禁飛區(qū)被電子跟蹤后，向伊一雷達(dá)基地發(fā)射了導(dǎo)彈。

但是白宮在解釋拖延很久才公布這次打擊行動(dòng)的原因時(shí)稱：星期六時(shí)尚不清楚伊雷達(dá)是否已―鎖定‖了這架飛機(jī)。

五角大樓的一位發(fā)言人說(shuō)，該F—16戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)已安全返回設(shè)在沙特阿拉伯的基地，伊雷

達(dá)站是否被摧毀尚無(wú)法立刻得知。該發(fā)言人在這次打擊行動(dòng)發(fā)生18小時(shí)后證實(shí)了此事，并說(shuō)正在進(jìn)行調(diào)查。伊拉克卻否認(rèn)有此事件發(fā)生。

1、標(biāo)題的翻譯

?特點(diǎn)：

簡(jiǎn)明扼要，立意新穎，生動(dòng)醒目而又不拘一格。

例：Boy, 7, killed by ejection from cockpit of navy jet

PLO says big Israeli drive ahead

Irish demo clash

START announced to begin June 29

（1）縮略詞語(yǔ)

? 縮寫詞

例1：NPC

CPPCC

OPEC

UNESCO

例2： VIP

CEO

PM

MP

例3： PC

UFO

TB

DJI

縮略詞主要包括機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、人物或職位名稱和日常熟知的事物。

?簡(jiǎn)縮詞

例1：copter

flu

lib

telly

biz

例2：ecopolitics

Reaganomics

例3：Brez

Maggie

（2）簡(jiǎn)短表達(dá)

例1：Cops under fire

Population shock

Starvation

例2：the 43-year Arab-Israeli conflict

the President’s cease-fire announcement

farm product

例3.Nuke protestors

Police killer’s jail death not unexpected

（3）―時(shí)髦‖新詞

例：moon walk

earth rise

capitalese

containerization

catch

feed

machine

shuttle diplomacy

a ―yesable‖ proposition

（4）省略現(xiàn)象

例1：Patient loses heart, gets 3rd

例2：Bankers keep silent as dollar falls

例3：Economists told China’s program unchanged

例4：Anne and baby are well

（5）時(shí)態(tài)

例1：Mount.St.Helens erupts

Non-aligned body makes new effort

例2：Thatcher tells why she fired minister

Nehru backed Tibet uprising—rebel chief

例3：Opposition to Viet invasion force growing

India mending fences

例4：Australia to import diesels from China

Pope to visit Japan in February2、電頭

?電頭，又叫做“消息頭”。指電訊稿件播發(fā)的新聞單位、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間的說(shuō)明，也有只說(shuō)明新聞單位和時(shí)間。稿件用?°電報(bào)電傳電話?±等方式發(fā)往外地稱“電”，發(fā)給當(dāng)?shù)氐姆Q“訊”。?新聞通訊社的稿件常常以“××社××地×月×日電”作為電頭?！氨緢?bào)訊”“本臺(tái)訊”則是為了表明這篇稿件是自己的記者或者通訊員的作品，如果是外埠采訪也必須注明發(fā)稿的地點(diǎn)時(shí)間，可以寫成本臺(tái)××地×月×日專電。

?熟悉主要通訊社和媒體的名稱、簡(jiǎn)稱等。

例：AP

UPI

Reuters

AFP

Xinhua

Chinanews

Kyodo

Efe3、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)

?新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)——是就以簡(jiǎn)要的文句，突出最重要、最新鮮或最富有個(gè)性特點(diǎn)的事實(shí)，提示新聞要旨，吸引讀者閱讀全文的消息的開(kāi)頭部分。

?翻譯導(dǎo)語(yǔ)時(shí)要使用清晰、簡(jiǎn)潔、生動(dòng)的詞語(yǔ)突出主要信息。

例1.Beijng, August 19（Reuter)–Thepresident’s visit has turned a new page in relation between the two countries，mass media here say.譯：路透社北京8月19日電，此間新聞界認(rèn)為，總統(tǒng)此次來(lái)訪為兩國(guó)關(guān)系揭開(kāi)了新的一頁(yè)。例2.London, Oct 20（Reuter via Xinhua)—London market closed mixed on profit taking after a higher opening in fairly active trading, it was announced herel.譯：新華社轉(zhuǎn)引路透社10月20日電，此間人士稱，倫敦股市開(kāi)市時(shí)股價(jià)上揚(yáng)，交易相當(dāng)活躍。由于一些持股者獲利后拋盤，收盤時(shí)有漲有跌。

4、正文

（1）形象化、口語(yǔ)化詞匯

例1： Pioneer colleges face axe

Chun axes 37 judges in shake-up

British students knifed in France

China says ―yes‖ to talks with Moscow

（2）抽象化詞匯

例1： Penal experts say studies have shown that imprisonment is not a deterrent to crime.例2：The mechanics of this indoctrination are familiar to everyone—the Pledge of Allegiance, the National Anthem, the Solute to the Flag.例3：A lot of Diana’s appeal comes from her stunning physical presence.例4：Alternatives are available at every stage of the judicial process from arrest to sentencing.（3）詞語(yǔ)借代

例:French election results annoy Moscow

Talks on Africa at No.10

$227 billion tax on crude oil is cleared by Hill

（4）結(jié)構(gòu)松散

例1：Mr.Carter said that the Soviet leader’s response to the message, sent on Friday, had been inadequate.譯文：卡特先生說(shuō)，蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對(duì)（美國(guó)）星期五發(fā)出的電報(bào)的回復(fù)，不足以說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。

例2：The announcement on the failure of the mission, which apparently originated in Egypt, come form the White House spokesman Jody Powell expressed deep regret at the deaths of the American Forces involved.譯文：白宮發(fā)言人佐迪·鮑威爾宣布拯救行動(dòng)失敗，對(duì)參加此役的美國(guó)部隊(duì)的死亡事故深表遺憾；而這次拯救行動(dòng)顯然是從埃及出發(fā)的。

練習(xí)

Kan inspects quake-hit region

Prime Minister Naoto Kan has visited an emergency-stricken nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture and inspected the quake-hit Pacific coast, northeastern Japan.Kan left Tokyo on a Self-Defense Force helicopter on Saturday morning for the Fukushima No.1 nuclear plant.The head of the plant, which is operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company, briefed the prime minister on the current status of the plant and responses to the situation.Kan instructed the plant chief to place top priority on the safety of local residents and take proper and swift responses.Later by helicopter, Kan inspected the quake-battered coastal areas, including the cities of Sendai and Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture.He watched a blazing industrial complex and residential districts devastated by tsunami waves.On returning to his official residence in Tokyo, the prime minister told reporters that he felt the damage wrought by the tsunamis is very serious.參考譯文

菅直人今早視察災(zāi)區(qū)

日本首相菅直人親自前往已宣布實(shí)施―緊急狀態(tài)‖的福島第一核電站，同時(shí)還視察了東北部沿海的地震災(zāi)區(qū)。

今天（周六）早晨，菅直人乘坐自衛(wèi)隊(duì)直升機(jī)出發(fā)前往東京電力公司福島第一核電站視察。

核電站負(fù)責(zé)人就設(shè)施狀況、恢復(fù)措施等做出了說(shuō)明，在聽(tīng)取匯報(bào)之后，菅直人首相表示，要以周圍居民的安危為重，希望盡快落實(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)措施。

隨后，菅直人首相還從空中視察了宮城縣仙臺(tái)市、石卷市等遭受海嘯侵襲的沿岸地區(qū)，親眼目睹了正在燃燒的工業(yè)園區(qū)，以及海嘯過(guò)后磚瓦散亂，積水不退的居民住宅等。

菅直人首相返回首相官邸后，對(duì)記者們表示，他親身體會(huì)到了海嘯災(zāi)情十分嚴(yán)重。

中文報(bào)道

菅直人今早視察災(zāi)區(qū)

日本首相菅直人今天（12日）親自要求視察災(zāi)區(qū)。早上6點(diǎn)，菅直人乘坐自衛(wèi)隊(duì)直升機(jī)從首相官邸出發(fā)，前往已宣布實(shí)施―緊急狀態(tài)‖的東京電力福島第一核電站視察。

核電站負(fù)責(zé)人就設(shè)施狀況、恢復(fù)措施等做出了說(shuō)明，在聽(tīng)取匯報(bào)之后，菅直人首相表示，要以周圍居民的安危為重，希望盡快落實(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)措施。

此后，菅直人首相還從空中視察了宮城縣仙臺(tái)市、石卷市等遭受海嘯侵襲的沿岸地區(qū)，親眼目睹了正在燃燒的集裝箱，以及海嘯過(guò)后磚瓦散亂，積水不退的居民住宅等。

菅直人首相上午11點(diǎn)前返回首相官邸，他表情嚴(yán)肅地對(duì)記者們說(shuō)，他親身體會(huì)到了海嘯災(zāi)情十分嚴(yán)重。

第四篇：英譯漢-文體翻譯(7)演講

第六單元文體翻譯

第五節(jié)演講稿

一、講演稿

?演講稿也叫演說(shuō)辭，它是在較為隆重的儀式上和某些公眾場(chǎng)所發(fā)表的講話文稿。?演講稿是進(jìn)行演講的依據(jù)，是對(duì)演講內(nèi)容和形式的規(guī)范和提示，它體現(xiàn)著演講的目的和手段，演講的內(nèi)容和形式。

?演講稿是人們?cè)诠ぷ骱蜕鐣?huì)生活中經(jīng)常使用的一種文體，它可以用來(lái)交流思想、感情，表達(dá) 主張、見(jiàn)解；也可以用來(lái)介紹自己的學(xué)習(xí)、工作情況和經(jīng)驗(yàn)等等；

?演講稿具有宣傳、鼓動(dòng)、教育和欣賞等作用，它可以把演講者的觀點(diǎn)、主張與思想感情傳達(dá)給聽(tīng)眾以及讀者，使 他們信服并在思想感情上產(chǎn)生共鳴。

演講稿類屬于講話稿但不同于一般講話稿

?演講稿更加注重選材立意，在選材上多屬主動(dòng)型，切實(shí)根據(jù)聽(tīng)眾的愿望和要求，弄清他們關(guān)心和迫切要解決的問(wèn)題，有的放矢，力求引起最大共鳴。

?在表達(dá)手段上有較多的議論、抒情，將生活中獲得的各種體驗(yàn)，由真善美與假丑惡激發(fā)起的各種情感，真實(shí)地傾瀉到演講稿中，動(dòng)之以情、曉之以理，具有較強(qiáng)的感召力。

?在語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用上，除了注意口語(yǔ)表達(dá)的特點(diǎn)外，如多用短句，少用長(zhǎng)句，語(yǔ)言節(jié)奏感強(qiáng)，還應(yīng)適當(dāng)運(yùn)用幽默、雙關(guān)、反語(yǔ)等修辭手法，以達(dá)到在與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽(tīng)眾的交流中，牢牢吸引聽(tīng)眾的注意力，為順利實(shí)現(xiàn)演講目的作好準(zhǔn)備。

演講稿的特點(diǎn)

?針對(duì)性。演講是一種社會(huì)活動(dòng)，是用于公眾場(chǎng)合的宣傳形式。它為了以思想、感情、事例和理論來(lái)曉喻聽(tīng)眾，打動(dòng)聽(tīng)眾，“征服”群眾，必須要有現(xiàn)實(shí)的針對(duì)性。

?可講性。演講的本質(zhì)在于“講”，而不在于“演”，它以“講”為主、以“演”為輔。由于演講要訴諸口頭，演講稿必須以易說(shuō)能講為前提。如果說(shuō)，有些文章和作品主要通過(guò)閱讀欣賞，領(lǐng)略其中意義和情味，那么，演講稿的要求則是“上口入耳”。一篇好的演講稿對(duì)演講者來(lái)說(shuō)要可講；對(duì)聽(tīng)講者來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)好聽(tīng)。

?鼓動(dòng)性。演講是一門藝術(shù)。好的演講自有一種激發(fā)聽(tīng)眾情緒、贏得好感的鼓動(dòng)性。要做到這一點(diǎn)，既要依靠演講稿思想內(nèi)容的豐富、深刻，見(jiàn)解精辟，有獨(dú)到之處，發(fā)人深思，又要語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形象、生動(dòng)，富有感染力。如果演講稿語(yǔ)言平淡無(wú)味，毫無(wú)新意，即使在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)“演”得再賣力，效果也不會(huì)好，甚至相反。

演講稿翻譯的要求

?就內(nèi)容而言，要主題鮮明，表達(dá)完整；

?就結(jié)構(gòu)而言，要思維清晰，邏輯性強(qiáng)；

?就風(fēng)格而言，要保持風(fēng)格，特點(diǎn)突出；

?就語(yǔ)言而言，要有感染力，形象生動(dòng)。

?一篇好的演講稿，在語(yǔ)言上應(yīng)具有用詞精確，言簡(jiǎn)意賅，深入淺出，通俗易懂，扣人心弦等特點(diǎn)。

1、詞匯： 用詞精確，形式簡(jiǎn)潔，文體貼切

例：告別詞

The Chinese people are modest and prudent, hardworking and brave, clever and resourceful.I’ve recorded, what with pen and what with camera, the most exciting scenes I witnessed on the visit.I shall make them known to my people when I get home.譯文：中國(guó)人民謙虛謹(jǐn)慎，勤勞勇敢，多才多藝。我用文字和照片記錄了這次訪問(wèn)中我目睹的最動(dòng)人的景象。我回國(guó)后將讓我國(guó)人民了解這一切。

2、句式： 語(yǔ)言通順，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，表達(dá)流暢。

例：政治演講

We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave

their lives that that nation might live.譯文：我們來(lái)到這里，將戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的一角奉獻(xiàn)給那些為捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家生存而英勇獻(xiàn)身的烈士們，作為他們的安息之地。

3、風(fēng)格：語(yǔ)氣莊重，語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)，感染力強(qiáng)。

例1：We have visited your historic heroic capital city of Beijing.We have visited Shanghai, the bustling industrial and port city, …

We have caught the magic and enchantment of Guilin, …

And now we come to Guangzhou, for the close of the Guangzhou fair, yet another symbol of the growing ties between our two countries.譯文：

我們?cè)L問(wèn)了你們的歷史名城，英雄的首都北京。

我們?cè)L問(wèn)了繁忙的工業(yè)和海港城市上海，……

我們游覽了仙境般的、景色迷人的桂林，……

現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)的廣州參加廣交會(huì)的閉幕式，這是我們兩國(guó)關(guān)系日益密切的又一個(gè)象征。

例2：Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, appose any foe, in order to assure the survival and she success of liberty.譯文：讓每個(gè)國(guó)家都知道——不論它希望我們繁榮還是希望我們衰落——為確保自由的存在和自由的勝利，我們將付出任何代價(jià)，承受任何負(fù)擔(dān)，應(yīng)付任何艱難，支持任何朋友，反抗任何敵人。

三、各類演講稿

1、外事演講稿，是指外事活動(dòng)中迎送、宴請(qǐng)、聚會(huì)等場(chǎng)合賓主雙方發(fā)表講話的文稿。外事演講包括歡迎詞、歡送詞、獻(xiàn)詞、答詞、賀詞、祝酒詞等等，可根據(jù)場(chǎng)合分為正式和非正式兩類。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意：

?正式的演講稿語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次清楚，邏輯性強(qiáng)，具有外交語(yǔ)言特色。

?非正式的演講稿語(yǔ)言隨和，基調(diào)輕松，句子簡(jiǎn)潔明了，措辭平易自然，表達(dá)樸實(shí)無(wú)華。

例1：Thank you, Mr.President, for your warm and friendly remark, and you all, ladies and gentlemen, for your hearty welcome.It is a great pleasure for me to be able to visit your university, a university of world fame and unique achievements.譯文：校長(zhǎng)先生，感謝您熱情友好的發(fā)言，感謝女士們和先生們的熱情歡迎。你們的學(xué)校享譽(yù)全球，取得了卓越的成就，我有幸能來(lái)訪問(wèn)，感到非常高興。

例2：Your hospitality is extraordinary.For myself and for our entire delegation, I thank you for your warm welcome.As I visited the Great Wall and the Summer Palace, I glimpsed something of the sweep of your history, and sensed the pride and the dignity which that legacy bestows upon your people.譯文：你們的款待是非同尋常的。

我謹(jǐn)以我個(gè)人和整個(gè)代表團(tuán)的名義感謝你們的熱情歡迎。

我在長(zhǎng)城和頤和園游覽的時(shí)候，領(lǐng)略了貴國(guó)悠久的歷史，感受到了貴國(guó)的歷史遺產(chǎn)給貴國(guó)人民帶來(lái)的自豪和尊嚴(yán)。

2．政治演講稿

政治演講稿，是政治性演講文稿。它是針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的政治問(wèn)題，闡明自己的政治觀點(diǎn)。一般語(yǔ)言精練，深入淺出，佳句和警句迭出，鼓舞力強(qiáng)。翻譯中應(yīng)注意：?詞語(yǔ)選擇精確，傳達(dá)出原作的內(nèi)容和感情；

?長(zhǎng)短句、整散句合理配合，以利于口頭表達(dá)；

?保持各種修辭手法，以體現(xiàn)原文風(fēng)格。

例1：I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind.We have before us many many months of struggle and suffering.譯文：我已告訴過(guò)組成新政府的各位大臣，在此再告訴諸位議員：我所能奉獻(xiàn)的，唯有熱血、辛勞、汗水和眼淚。我們還要經(jīng)受極其嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)，我們面臨著漫長(zhǎng)而艱苦卓絕的斗爭(zhēng)。

例2：With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go and lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.譯文：?jiǎn)栃臒o(wú)愧是我們唯一可靠的贊賞，歷史是我們行動(dòng)的最終裁判。讓我們大步向前，引領(lǐng)我們所熱愛(ài)的國(guó)家。我們祈求上帝的祝福和幫助，但我們知道，上帝在塵世間的工作一定是我們自己的工作。

3．學(xué)術(shù)演講稿

學(xué)術(shù)演講稿是就某一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域中的課題進(jìn)行研究、探討，向聽(tīng)眾表述新的科學(xué)研究成果，傳播科學(xué)知識(shí)的演講文稿。一般具有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)，精密的邏輯，科學(xué)的語(yǔ)言，專業(yè)的詞匯，具有較強(qiáng)的邏輯性。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意：

?深入淺出，通俗易懂；

?語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確，邏輯嚴(yán)密；

?表達(dá)科學(xué)，簡(jiǎn)潔明了。

譯文1：在今天的演講中，我將描述一個(gè)可能改變我們關(guān)于宇宙與實(shí)在本身的觀念的激動(dòng)人心的最新進(jìn)展。這一進(jìn)展的思想是：我們或許是生活在一個(gè)更大的空間中的一個(gè)膜或者一個(gè)曲面上。

譯文2：我想在這次演講中描述一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的新機(jī)制，它可能改變我們關(guān)于宇宙和實(shí)在本身的觀點(diǎn)。這個(gè)觀念是說(shuō)，我們可能生活中一個(gè)更大空間的膜或者面上。

4．社會(huì)生活演講稿

社會(huì)生活演講稿，是以社會(huì)存在的某一方面的問(wèn)題為對(duì)象來(lái)表達(dá)自己的思想、情緒、愿望、要求的演講文稿。翻譯時(shí)要注意：

?體現(xiàn)時(shí)代氣息；

?語(yǔ)言自然，貼近生活；

?詞語(yǔ)生動(dòng)活潑，表達(dá)豐富情感。

第五篇：實(shí)用文體翻譯1 (10)

談?wù)剬?duì)商務(wù)文體翻譯的理解

商務(wù)英語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)本1 姜麗麗 13號(hào)

對(duì)于翻譯其實(shí)每位大學(xué)生都不陌生，但是怎么翻譯地正確、精彩便是一個(gè)很大的問(wèn)題。翻譯是一門博大精深的學(xué)問(wèn)，是全世界各國(guó)都積極研究和探討的學(xué)問(wèn)。作為二十一世紀(jì)的我們，如今翻譯依然是必不可少的，現(xiàn)在的專家與學(xué)者，更加致力于將最本質(zhì)最原始的文化傳遞開(kāi)來(lái)，而不是簡(jiǎn)單的字面含義的傳遞。這就需要翻譯者的水平不斷提升，以達(dá)到翻譯“信、達(dá)、雅”的準(zhǔn)則。

這學(xué)期我們學(xué)習(xí)了實(shí)用文體翻譯這門課程。對(duì)于翻譯這門課程我們并不陌生，因?yàn)樵谏弦粚W(xué)期已經(jīng)接觸到翻譯課程。相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)，漢譯英學(xué)習(xí)起來(lái)比英譯漢要難一些，但是顧老師結(jié)合書本上的例子以及他的文章給我們具體講解，讓我們更進(jìn)一步了解翻譯的重要性。在翻譯的過(guò)程中，往往會(huì)犯一些很幼稚的錯(cuò)誤，釀成笑話。顧老師曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“衡量一個(gè)人的英語(yǔ)水平，并不是看他的詞匯量，而是看他的翻譯水平。”想要翻譯，你必須先是一個(gè)Major。例如：(a)A particular average is an insurance loss that affects specific interests only.(b)A general average is an insurance loss that affects all cargo interests on board the vessel as well as the ship herself.[原譯](a)個(gè)別海損（particular average），指僅涉及某項(xiàng)具體財(cái)物的保險(xiǎn)損失(b)綜合海損（general average），指涉及船上的所有貨物和船本身的保險(xiǎn)損失。這是一個(gè)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款的術(shù)語(yǔ)，有3處錯(cuò)誤，particular average應(yīng)為單獨(dú)海損，general average應(yīng)為共同海損，interest應(yīng)為利益方。這個(gè)就是典型的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)沒(méi)有學(xué)好。

到目前為止我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了5周，我總結(jié)了一些自己對(duì)實(shí)用文體翻譯學(xué)習(xí)的看法。

第一，要想把翻譯搞好，就要把基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)弄扎實(shí)，穩(wěn)固的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是良好翻譯的前提。在這樣的前提下，就需要我們平時(shí)多積累單詞，沒(méi)有大的詞匯量根本沒(méi)有辦法順利完成翻譯。單詞不用刻意去背，但一定要從平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中去總結(jié)，去積累。值得注意的是一些固定搭配的詞匯、俚語(yǔ)或成語(yǔ)，和在特定場(chǎng)合或在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域里有著不同解釋的詞匯。其次，語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的牢固是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)必須做到的本質(zhì)工作，牢固的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)會(huì)幫助我們理解和翻譯。若語(yǔ)法不牢，那就根本不懂句子的邏輯關(guān)系，從而不能理解其所表達(dá)的含義。此外，各個(gè)方面的知識(shí)也需要我們的掌握。這也是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)區(qū)別于非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。不僅是文化方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)，政治，飲食等等都需要積累。因?yàn)閷?lái)若要從事翻譯，那是觸及到知識(shí)的方方面面，各行各業(yè)，知識(shí)的積累就能幫助做到面面俱到。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)翻譯，就是學(xué)會(huì)將母語(yǔ)中文翻譯成英語(yǔ)，以及把英語(yǔ)翻譯成中文的一個(gè)過(guò)程。除了要對(duì)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的掌握以外，母語(yǔ)也不能被丟掉。我們還需要多閱讀中文書籍，多揣摩中文的字詞句，這樣表達(dá)上就會(huì)更靈巧，翻譯的也會(huì)更得體。翻譯是一個(gè)慢慢積累的過(guò)程，是不能夠通過(guò)突擊，或是猛攻就一下子能掌握得很好的一門學(xué)問(wèn)。

第二，翻譯學(xué)習(xí)除了要不斷地積累之外還要不斷地練習(xí)。在掌握了一定的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備之后就要把它們拿來(lái)操練。多練習(xí)翻譯，并且拿自己的與參考譯文來(lái)做比較，找出自己的不足，一定要從專業(yè)的角度來(lái)分析。比如，是翻譯采用的方法不對(duì)還是詞義的選擇不準(zhǔn)確，是語(yǔ)法功底不足還是詞匯的稀少。

我對(duì)翻譯課的建議就是，可以給大家再?gòu)母鼜V的方面普及知識(shí)，讓我們的翻譯內(nèi)容涉及各個(gè)方面，培養(yǎng)大家的英語(yǔ)思維，將翻譯與日常生活相結(jié)合。