第一篇：原來是因為這些原因,我們才不會分析考研英語長難句

原來是因為這些原因，我們才不會分析長難句

來源：文都圖書

許多同學在復習長難句時，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不是特別能分析好長難句。這很有可能是因為以下幾個原因。

首先，不清楚英文轉化為中文過程中真正的障礙是什么——是語義和語序。分析長難句時，往往還受漢語語序影響，不能從英語語序的角度分析。何凱文老師2017《考研英語長難句解密》對長難句都有中文翻譯和解析，讓我們能更加清晰地了解語義和語序。

其次，沒有一個完整的語法體系。對英語語法認識不夠清晰，沒有形成完整的語法體系。何凱文老師2017《考研英語長難句解密》在講解長難句時，也從從句等語法角度編排內(nèi)容，讓我們不僅了解長難句，而且也進一步完善我們的語法體系。

再次，沒有學會識別句子中的障礙。何凱文老師的2017《考研英語長難句解密》講解清晰，讓我們能逐步了解和識別句子中障礙。

最后，練習也沒有形成體系。何凱文老師的2017《考研英語長難句解密》中，就有充足的例句，幫助我們多復習，提高對長難句的掌握。

相信通過我們的努力，我們一定可以復習好長難句的。

第二篇：第二部分 歷年考研英語長難句分析

Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.[句子主干]Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by…

[語法難點]有并列從句和省略。With引導的是伴隨結構作狀語，修飾的是整個第一分句描述的狀態(tài)。and引導的分句省略了謂語動詞marked，所以要注意其實該分句并不隸屬于第一分句，而是與之并列的結構。

[句子翻譯]依賴的最初表現(xiàn)為耐受力增強，用量越來越大才能達到預期效果，一旦停用就會產(chǎn)生不舒服的癥狀。

[翻譯技巧]有些同學遇上伴隨結構就不知道如何翻譯了，其實只要按照原來的語序順次翻譯就是。

13．But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.[句子主干]But he talked as well about …, and he announced that…

[語法難點]該句沒有從句結構，而是由and連接的兩個并列成分構成。用would是因為表達了某人的主觀態(tài)度和意愿。

[句子翻譯]但他也談到了創(chuàng)作自由與社會責任之間要“努力保持均衡”這一問題。他宣布公司將盡力對可能招致大眾反對的音樂制定各種發(fā)行和標識的標準[翻譯技巧]雖然沒有從句結構，但是由于句子太長，有眾多的修飾成分，所以建議還是拆為兩句較好。

14．Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.[句子主干]Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before

[語法難點]有省略。close to分句是非限定性定語從句，省略了which was。Before后面的成分是對全句的補充說明，是狀語成分。狀語成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并無定規(guī)。之所以用rising，是因為這里需要一個名次性的結構the inflation which was，這樣顯得簡潔得多。

[句子翻譯]七大工業(yè)國家的通貨膨脹率去年下降到了2.3%，接近30年來最低水平，今年7月才小幅上漲到2.5%，比許多國家70年代和80年代兩位數(shù)低了很多。

[翻譯技巧]the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工業(yè)國。close to是靠近的意思。fall to是“跌落至……”的意思。

15．Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.[句子主干]Economists have been…surprised by…and…, since…,and especially…, have …

[語法難點]主句用現(xiàn)在完成時have been…是因為經(jīng)濟學家長時間以來關注，現(xiàn)在也在關注，是一個從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。Since引導的是表原因的狀語從句。

[句子翻譯]特別讓經(jīng)濟學家感到詫異的是，英美兩國的通貨膨脹帶來的是良性的結果，因為傳統(tǒng)的分析方法表明，兩國尤其是美國的經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)幾乎沒有出現(xiàn)滑坡。

[翻譯技巧]favorable表示的是“非常好的”，不是“非常喜歡的”，與個人取向沒有關系。productive slack是“生產(chǎn)滑坡”的意思。

16．Actually, it isn't, because it assumesthat there is an agreed account of human rights, which is somethingthe world does not have.[句子主干]Actually it isn’ t, because it assumes that…, which is…

[語法難點]有套合從句。本句為主從復合句。主句很簡單，而because引導的原因狀語從句中，又有一個that引導的賓語從句。這個從句中，主語an agreed account of human rights由一個which引導的飛行定性定語從句修飾，而這個非限定性定語從句中又有一個限定性定語從句the world does not have來修飾something。

[句子翻譯]事實并非如此，因為這種問法是以人們對人的權利有共同的認識為基礎的，而這種共同認識并不存在。

[翻譯技巧]agree為“約定的”意思，agreed account直譯為“約定的看法”，意譯為“共同的認識”。可見翻譯中一定要結合漢語的語言習慣靈活轉換。an agreed account of human rights不可譯為“有同意的人權記錄”。此外，將不定代詞具體化，也更符合漢語習慣。

17．Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.[句子主干]Some philosophers argue that…, as part of an exchange of…

[語法難點]該句仍為主從復合句That引導的賓語從句中，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充當了補充語的角色。

[句子翻譯]有些哲學家論證說，權利只存在社會契約中，是責任與利益相交換的一部分。

[翻譯技巧]要正確選擇contract的詞義，不要譯成從此“收縮，縮小”Argue不要譯成“爭論”，而要靈活處理成“論證說”。

18．It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.[句子主干]It leads the discussion…: it invites you to think that…, or with…

[語法難點]有并列從句和省略。冒號把句子分成兩部分，后一部分對前面部分作進一步解釋說明。前面部分是簡單句。后面部分是復合句。that引導的賓語從句中，主語是animals，謂語是should be treated，either… or…引導兩個介詞短語作狀語，either引導的介詞短語中，humans extend to other humans是一個省略引導詞that的定語從句。

[句子翻譯]

這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應這樣對待動物：要么像對人類自身一樣關切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。

[翻譯技巧]it 的所指要明確。leads thediscussion to extremes譯成“將討論引向兩個極端”，at the outset譯成“從一開始”。注意把被動句譯為主動句，更合乎漢語習慣。

第三篇：考研英語長難句分析之_特殊句式(DOC)

第五講 特殊句式及長難句解析

1．簡單句、并列句、復合句

從句: 名詞性：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句

形容詞性：定語從句

副詞性：狀語從句---時間、地點、原因、結果、目的、條件、讓步、比較、方式

2．省略句、比較結構、倒裝句、分割結構

英語中還有一些特殊句式，出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解中，勢必會成為我們理解文章的障礙。但是，特殊句式還是有語法規(guī)律的，因此，如果我們能熟練應用特殊句式的語法規(guī)律，在閱讀中一眼就能識別并領會這些特殊語法現(xiàn)象，障礙就基本克服了。

1.省略句

資料47 To err is human;to forgive, divine.Brevity is the soul of wit.文體暢曉，其智乃見。（省略是將句子中的贅述部分刪去，避免重復，使句子更簡潔，加強表達內(nèi)容的連貫性和邏輯性。被省略的部分大多是主語、謂語或謂語中的助動詞等。文章中的省略現(xiàn)象會使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成對文章的理解困難。

省略句一般只有當各組成部分有共同的成分才可能出現(xiàn)省略。對于這類句式，其難點在于發(fā)現(xiàn)省略成分，一旦找出并補充完整，句意理解就會大大簡化。

省略句如果出現(xiàn)在翻譯中，在翻譯的時候，一定要把省略的部分翻譯出來，否則會扣分。A：and 連接的并列句的省略

材料48頁：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002）

分析：很明顯，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一個省略句，with做狀語一般表示伴隨，這一個分句只有一個狀語加一個名詞結構，構不成一個完整的句子。實際上，與前句相同的成分才會被省略，前一句的謂語部分是：will continue to be rejected.所以，后一分句補充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.練習：1.The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness.(主語 the reasons)2.He majors in English, and I, in French.(謂語 major)3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay.(省略主謂)B：狀語從句中的省略

規(guī)則：當主句的主語與從句主語一致時候，且從句的謂語動詞是Be動詞時候，從句可省略 主 謂。See 材料48頁 1.讓步狀語從句 2 時間狀語從句

3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind.(條件狀語從句)4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing.(方式狀語從句)5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.（比較）

真題例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.這是復合句。in which引導定語從句，修飾astronomical body.介詞except引起的短語作

the more people online, the more potential customers there are。

The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.【分析】本句主干使用了the more…the more…（越……越……）的結構。you have 是省略了引導詞的定語從句，修飾先行詞foreign capital;現(xiàn)在分詞結構helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure作foreign capital的后置定語。逗號之前是由which引導的非限定性定語從句which today is an electronic infrastructure，修飾前面的Third Wave infrastructure。

【翻譯】你擁有的用于建造第三次浪潮基礎設施（今天主要指電子基礎設施）的外國資金越多，你將越富有。

3．倒裝結構

倒裝是一種語法手段，用以強調某一句子結構或某一句子成分。

倒裝分為兩種：將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，叫做完全倒裝；只將助動詞（包括情態(tài)動詞）移至主語之前，叫做部分倒裝。

Then began a hot debate between the two parties.(完全倒裝)Never have we found him in such a good mood.（部分倒裝）

理解倒裝句的有效對策是找到句中的主語、謂語，進而將謂語動詞還原到主語之后按照正常語序再來完整的理解該句話。See 材料 51頁

☆ 例句分析：see 材料 59頁

Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition.【解析】本句是全部倒裝句，正常語序為The picture…is emerging from the 1980 census…, 倒裝的原因是這個句子主語the picture 后面的現(xiàn)在分詞結構developing more and more regional competition作nation的后置定語。句末是由as引導的時間狀語從句，表示一種伴隨狀態(tài)?！痉g】1980年美國人口普查表明：國家內(nèi)部地區(qū)間的競爭越來越激烈了。

4.分隔結構 所謂分隔結構，就是兩個語法或語義關系密切的成分之間插入了其他成分，造成原本應該緊靠一起的兩個成分相分離的現(xiàn)象。常見的分隔形式有：1.主語與謂語的分隔

This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.【分析】本句主干是This success…led Ericsson to conclude…,逗號之間的過去分詞結構coupled with later research…將主語This success和謂語led分隔開，構成了分隔結構。此分隔結構中現(xiàn)在分詞短語showing…作定語，修飾later research；由that引導的賓語從句that memory itself is not genetically determined,作showing的賓語。主句的賓語Ericsson之后的不定式結構to conclude…作賓語補足語，此不定式結構中又包含一個賓語從句that the act…is more…than…,作conclude的賓語，其中包含一個more…than…的比較結構?！痉g】這項成功以及后來表明記憶本身并不是由基因決定的研究使埃里克遜得出這樣的結論：記憶是一種認知行為，而不是天生的。

2.謂語動詞與賓語的分隔、See 材料 54頁

3.定語或定語從句與先行詞的分隔等

一言九鼎，但安特吉（Entergy）公司顯然不是這樣。這家公司是新英格蘭地區(qū)的主要能源供應商。當它在上周宣布摒棄一個長久的允諾的時候 —— 即不再遵守該州嚴格的核能規(guī)定，其這一舉動理所當然引起了佛蒙特州（Vermont）人們的強烈憤慨。

相反，公司的所作所為恰恰背離它當初曾許下的承諾：在聯(lián)邦法院上挑戰(zhàn)佛蒙特州法規(guī)的合憲性。為了竭力維持佛蒙特楊基（Yankee）核電站的運行，背信棄義是它采取的部分手段。這可謂驚世之舉。

這種沖突自2002年以來就出現(xiàn)了苗頭。在2002年，公司購買佛蒙特州僅有的一所核電站 —— 位于佛蒙鎮(zhèn)上的一個日益老化的反應堆。作為讓州政府批準這項購買協(xié)議的條件，公司同意在2012年以后向該州的管理部門申請經(jīng)營權。在2006年，佛蒙特州更進一步，要求核電站的任何執(zhí)照延期必須經(jīng)過佛蒙特州立法部門的審批。當時，公司也照著做了。

或許是Entergy公司從未真正想履行這些承諾，或者是根本沒有預見未來會發(fā)生的狀況。事故接連不斷發(fā)生，包括2007年冷卻塔部分垮塌以及地下管道系統(tǒng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了泄露，讓人們對佛蒙特Yankee核電站的安全性及Entergy公司的管理產(chǎn)生了嚴重懷疑 —— 尤其在公司在對管道泄露問題上做出了誤導性表述之后，人們更加懷疑。佛蒙特州的參議院被Entergy公司的行為激怒了，在去年以26票對4票否決了Entergy公司的一個延期申請。

現(xiàn)在，公司突然聲稱，因為2006年制定的法案，2002年的那個協(xié)定便失效了，并且只有聯(lián)邦政府才具有對核電站問題的監(jiān)管權。這個案件涉及的法律問題還很模糊：盡管最高法院已經(jīng)規(guī)定各州在核電站的監(jiān)管上有一定的權力，但是法律學者認為佛蒙特州的情況將會提供一個先例，來驗證這些權力可能延伸到何種程度。當然，人們真正擔心的是，如果各州都制定自己的法規(guī)，隨之便產(chǎn)生修補性法規(guī)。但是，如果Entergy公司能夠遵守諾言的的話，這種爭論也就沒有意義了。

該公司似乎已經(jīng)得出結論，它在佛蒙特州已名譽掃地，那么和州政府打一場官司也不擔心會遭受更大的損失。但是，這樣做還是會產(chǎn)生嚴重的影響。公眾出于信任，才允許經(jīng)營核電站。Entergy公司在美國還經(jīng)營其他11個反應堆，其中包括普利茅斯（Plymouth）的“朝圣者”（Pilgrim）核電站。公司保證讓Pilgrim核電站安全運轉，并向聯(lián)邦政府申請，批準其延長20年的經(jīng)營許可。但是，當核研究委員會（NRC）在審查公司申請的時候，應該切記Entergy公司的哪些諾言還靠得住。

考研英語語法精講講義(4)：特殊句型之倒裝

作者：新東方屠皓民 閱讀：1256 評論：0 收藏

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基本句型

主謂賓定狀表

I like watching the romantic movies in my spare time.He is a famous teacher in this university.謂語動詞的助動詞 watch---do watched---did watches---does has/have watched---has/have had watched---had can watch---can 全部倒裝

—— 謂語動詞放置在主語之前

An old man lives in the city center.= In the city center lives an old man.A temple stands on the mountain.= On the mountain stands a temple.全部倒裝？

強調句中的地點副詞或狀語 There goes the bus.In the city center lives an old man.Under the tress sat a wounded soldier.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation house-holds.考研閱讀全部倒裝難點： 分詞結構的倒裝

(a)All kinds of sea animal bodies are buried in the deep sea.(b)Our teacher was walking at the head of the line.Buried in the deep sea are all kinds of sea animal bodies.Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.(a)Added to the stress is their opportunity for stress.(2008)(b)Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.部分倒裝

—— 主語和謂語動詞位置不變，將謂語動詞的助動詞放置到主語的前面。Only with you can I feel happy.Little does he care about what I said.什么時候需要部分倒裝？

（1）句首出現(xiàn)否定詞 never, nor, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, few等 I never trust you.= Never do I trust you.He seldom believes the information from the Internet.= Seldom does he believe the information from the Internet.(2)否定詞組在句首

He no longer works for the money, but for the personal development.= No longer does he work for the money, but for the personal development.(3)only+狀語/狀語從句在句首

We can achieve the goal only in this way.= Only in this way can we achieve the goal.(a)Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.(b)Only when the meeting was over was he able to meet his friend.(4)so 或so引導的短語放在句首要部分倒裝 He saw the film.So did she.【 ? So he did.】

-She is a student.8-

第四篇：2018考研英語長難句翻譯講解

2018考研英語長難句翻譯講解（2）

長短句是考研英語的一大重難點，打好長短句翻譯基礎，將會給我們的翻譯和作文帶來巨大的幫助。

1.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements.【分析】復合句，主句為 That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式賓語，真正的賓語是 that 引導的名詞性從句。

【譯文】這類行為使得法院的裁定被認為是公正判決的可能性有所下降。2.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property.【分析】復合句。主句為 Constitutional law is political。because 引導原因狀語從句;其中分詞短語rooted in...作定語修飾 choices, 介詞短語 like liberty and property 修飾 concepts。

【譯文】憲法是由植根于自由和所有權等基本社會觀念的選擇造成的，因此它是政治性的。

3.Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【分析】復合句。主句為 Those...reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons，過去分詞短語forced to...作后置定語修飾 those。than 引導比較狀語從句，該從句中的主語 those 由定語從句修飾，因其較長，謂語又因與主句重復而省略為 did，所以用倒裝語序。suggesting...為現(xiàn)在分詞結構作結果狀語，其中包含 that 引導的賓語從句。

【譯文】那些用牙齒咬著筆，表現(xiàn)出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼著筆、表現(xiàn)出沮喪神情的人在看搞笑的動畫片時所作出的反應更豐富。這就證明了表情能夠影響情緒，而不是情緒影響表情。

【拓展】1)contract 作名詞時意為“契約，合同;婚約”;作動詞時意為“締結，訂契約;染上(惡習，疾病等);(使)收縮，(使)緊縮”。2)frown“皺眉，蹙眉”，既是動詞也是名詞。

4.An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers's behavior by itself.【分析】復合句。句子主干為。An awareness...seemed to be enough to alter...。that 引導同位語從句補充說明awareness，其中 they 指代后面的 workers。Be enough to do “足以...”。

【譯文】只要意識到她們在接受實驗，這一意識本身似乎就足以改變工人們的行為。

第五篇：考研英語長難句翻譯：經(jīng)典一百句

1.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[參考譯文]美國的經(jīng)濟是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場導向經(jīng)濟為架構的，在這種經(jīng)濟中，消費者很大程度上通過在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務付費來決定什么應該被制造出來。

2.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[參考譯文]因此，在美國的經(jīng)濟體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望和個人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結合，一起決定了什么應該被制造，以及資源如何被用來制造它們。

3.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[參考譯文]另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會反過來降低價格并允許更多的消 費者購買產(chǎn)品。

4.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.[參考譯文]在美國經(jīng)濟中，私有財產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含對生產(chǎn)資源的所有權，也指其他一些特定的權利，如確定一個產(chǎn)品價格和與另一個私人個體(經(jīng)濟單位)自由簽定合同的權利。

5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.[參考譯文]同時這些計算機記錄下哪些時間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應地做出人員人事安排。而且它們(計算機)也能為促銷活動找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權的顧客。

6.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.[參考譯文]不計其數(shù)的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃氣電力設施到牛奶處理廠，都通過計算機的使用給消費者帶來更好、更有效率的服務。

7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.[參考譯文]殘疾兒童在許多關鍵方面都與其同齡人不同。為了讓這些孩子發(fā)展其全部的成人后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應這些不同。

8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.[參考譯文]在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對殘疾兒童的巨大關注表明了我們社會中的一種中強烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機會。

9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing

a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.[參考譯文]它(廣告)能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一個堅固的國內(nèi)市場，同時也使以具有競爭力的價格提供出口變得可能。

10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.[參考譯文]除去議會有27件法案來規(guī)范廣告的條件，沒有任何一個正式的廣告商敢于推銷一種商品卻不能兌現(xiàn)其在廣告中的承諾。

11.If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.[參考譯文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就廣告而言，如果這不是完全不可能達到的，也是非常難做的，因為即便是一個諸如襯衫的顏色的選擇這樣的細節(jié)都會具有微妙的說服意味，那么廣告就會如此地乏味以至于沒有人 會關注它。

12.The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.[參考譯文]得到了升遷的工人們，成績進步的學生，學會了一門新語言的外國人一 一這些都是那些有可衡量的結果宋顯示其努力的人們的例證。

13.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.[參考譯文]隨著家庭離開他們原來穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)，離開他們多年的朋友和擴展的家庭關系，非正式的信息流動被切斷了，隨之而去的是對在需要時能獲得可靠和值得信賴的信息的信心。

14.The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.[參考譯文]現(xiàn)在每個人能夠得到的信息比任何時代的人都多，而找到與他／她的特定問題相關的那一點信息的任務不僅復雜、耗時，有時甚至令人難以招。

15.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.[參考譯文]通過遠程會議，專家知識可以在全世界范圍內(nèi)被分享，而爭論的問題能夠得到解決，同時相關人員也不必離開他們的家庭或工作跑到一個遙遠的開會地點。

16.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.[參考譯文]現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學或時間競爭的熱情導致了一個雙層結構，在這個結構里面善于競爭的A類好像在某個方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。

17.While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[參考譯文]在跟你談話的時候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經(jīng) 驗和其他資格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一種有條不紊而且合情合理的相

互關聯(lián)的方式被展示出來。

18.The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.[參考譯文]英國廣播公司將作為一個公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前會這樣，但是它的角色、它的規(guī)模和它的節(jié)目現(xiàn)在在英國成了全國上下的討論話題。

19.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.[參考譯文]這場辯論是由政府發(fā)動的，政府請任何一個對英國廣播公司有意見的人一包括普通的聽眾和觀眾一來說說這個公司好在哪里或壞在哪里，甚至要說說他們是否認為這個公司值得被保留下來。

20.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[參考譯文]這種變化通過引入許多的專業(yè)因素從而適應了這個新時代的技術要求，并且它(這種變化)防止了效率的降低。這種效率的降低在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二代和第三代人(領導公司)的時候，經(jīng)常會毀掉那些家族公司的財富。

21.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[參考譯文]這樣巨大而非個人的對資金和產(chǎn)業(yè)的操縱極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他 們作為一個階級的重要性，這是國家生活中代表不負責任的財富的一個因素，這種財富不但遠離了土地和土地擁有者的責任，而且?guī)缀跬瑯优c公司的負責任的管理毫無關系。

22.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.[參考譯文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)是為了給那些數(shù)量很多的“舒 適”階級提供居住場所。這些人依賴于其豐厚收入而不工作，他們除了 分紅和偶爾參加一下股東大會，向管理層口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社會的其他階層毫無瓜葛。

23.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.[參考譯文]這樣的“股東”對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關系都不會產(chǎn)生積極的影響。

24.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[參考譯文]代表公司的花錢雇來的經(jīng)理與工人及其需求的關系更加直接，但是就連 他對工人們也沒有那種熟識的私人之間的了解。而在現(xiàn)在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對他們的工人有 這樣的私人關系。

25.Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors;and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.[參考譯文]在許多形成因素當中，我將挑選出這些：這個國家優(yōu)秀的小學教育：歡 迎新技術的勞動者們：獎勵發(fā)明者的做法；而且最重要的是美國人在對 那些技術性事物的非言語的、“空間性的”思考方面的天賦。

26.As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.[參考譯文]正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那樣：“一個技術專家思考那些不能被簡化成 能被清楚的語言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過一種視覺的、非語言表述的過程宋處理的……設計者和發(fā)明者……能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置。”

27.Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”.[參考譯文]羅伯特?法歐特曾經(jīng)這樣寫到：“一個技師會坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、輪子等等當中，就像一個詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達了--種新 的思想?！?/p>

28.In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.[參考譯文]在最后三章中，他脫下手套，將神造論者好好地揍了一頓。他描述了他 們的活動和戰(zhàn)術，而且，對于那些對神造論者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人來說，神造論者的欺騙和扭曲事實的程度可能會令這些人有一種不快的詫異。

29.On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.[參考譯文]在這本杰出的書的外紙封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古爾德寫道：“這本書本 身就代表理性?！倍_實是這樣的--而且如果理性成為神造論／地化論之間的辯論中的惟一評判標準的話，一切就都好辦了。

30.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.[參考譯文]經(jīng)過了六個月的爭論以及最后16個小時激烈的議會辯論，澳大利亞北 部地區(qū)成了世界上第一個允許醫(yī)生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當局。

31.Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.[參考譯文]一些機構終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機構，包括教堂，倡導生命之 權的團體和澳大利亞醫(yī)學協(xié)會，尖銳地抨擊這個法案，指責法案的通過過于匆忙。但是大勢已定，不可逆轉。

32.In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community

attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.[參考譯文]在澳大利亞--人口老齡化，延長壽命的技術和變化看的社會態(tài)度，這 些因素都在發(fā)揮作用一一其他的州也會考慮制定相似的關于安樂死的法律。