第一篇:旅客列車乘務員實用英語
旅客列車乘務員實用英語 列車長服務用語
一、語言
1.(組織旅客乘降)面帶微笑“您好,請問您是幾號車廂?**號車廂請向前/后走。直臂式手勢。
英文:Hello.Which coach are you in? The No.** coach please go ahead/backward.2.(遇有領導)“**領導您好!我是***次列車長,歡迎您檢查指導工作。同時雙目注視領導,“請您隨我來,您請上車?!币龑謩荨?/p>
英文:I am the conductor of the Train No.**.Welcome for inspecting and guiding our work!This way please.3.(糾正違章)先敬禮“您好!請您到***處吸煙,那里容許吸煙,謝謝您的合作!”
英文:hello.Would you please smoke in ***? Thank you for your cooperation.4.(遇有旅客詢問)“您好!請問您有什么事情需要我?guī)兔???英文:Hello.What can I do for you? 5.(列車進站臺)列車長整隊并站在隊伍中間位置,右手提包口中要有口號,使隊伍整齊統一。
二、舉止
1.(站臺遇領導)敬軍禮。(右手五指并攏提至眉間,面帶微笑,雙目注視領導,時間停頓1-2秒)
2.(領導伸出握手時)配合動作:立即摘手套,迎合領導握手時用力不要過大,時間不宜過長(大約停滯3秒左右)站在靠近車廂一側,為領導引路運用直臂式手勢,注意走路不時回看領導位置,調整自己的走速。走到車門口面向領導站立運用請進手勢將領導引導上車。
總體要求做到:面帶微笑,用規(guī)范的手勢 用語,組織旅客 乘車,妥善安排重點旅客,耐心解答旅客問訊,語言輕柔親切,隊有需要的旅客主動幫扶。重點旅客上車時(外賓,領導)親自陪同安排。
乘務員服務用語
二、開車歡迎詞
簡單(中文):各位女士、先生晚上好!很高興為您提供服務,歡迎您乘坐我們列車,祝各位旅途愉快!謝謝!
英文:Good evening ladies and gentlemen.Welcome to take our train and it’s our pleasure to provide service for you.Wish you a pleasant trip!Thank you.三、中途作業(yè)
清理茶桌語言:“對不起,打擾您了,我清理一下,謝謝?!?英文:Excuse me.May I do some cleaning please? 包房旅客訂餐時語言:“您好,是需要定餐嗎?請把需要的飯菜告訴我,我來幫您聯系?!?/p>
英文:Excuse me.Do you need the reservation service? Please tell me the dishes you like and I will contact for you.旅客餐車點餐時語言:“您好,是需要用餐嗎?您請坐,這是菜單,您看需要什么飯菜?”
英文:Hello.Please take your seat.Here is the menu.What would you like to order? 上菜時語言:“這是您點的××××,您點的菜齊了,您請慢用?!?英文:Here are the dishes you have ordered.Please enjoy yourself.餐后告別語言:“您吃好了,您請慢走,歡迎您再次光臨。” 英文:Thanks for your drawing in and welcome to come again.車內售飯語言:“您好,您需要套餐嗎?(如不要)對不起打擾了!”
英文:Excuse me!Would you like a package meal? Sorry for interrupting you.2
列車廣播服務用語
(一)正常情況廣播用語
1、始發(fā)通告
主要內容:歡迎詞、列車運行區(qū)間介紹、擔當乘務組介紹、安全衛(wèi)生提示、服務項目介紹、途中運行時刻及停站介紹、祝詞。范例:
中文:旅客朋友你好,歡迎乘坐由***站開往***站的***次列車,***鐵路局***列車段××車隊×組的同志將竭誠為您提供服務。
上車后請您對號入座,并將隨身攜帶的行李物品安置好。列車設有大件行李存放處,貴重物品請妥善保存。旅客朋友們,為了我們大家的安全,請不要攜帶易燃燒或爆炸的物品乘車。有吸煙的旅客請到*號吸煙車廂,并將煙蒂熄滅后放進煙盒內。帶小孩的旅客,請照看好您的小孩,注意安全。
為了更好地為您服務,每個座位都配有列車服務指南,請您仔細閱讀。英文:Good morning/afternoon/evening!Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome aboard train*** from *** station to *** station!The crew members of team*, Train number** , **passenger train depot, ***Railway Administration will be sincerely at your service!
You are expected to take your seat in accordance with the ticket and well deposit your luggage and items.Bulky luggage storage is available on the train.Please leave your valuables under attendance.To ensure your safety, please do not bring inflammable or explosive articles on board.Smoking is only allowed in the smoking coach No.* and cigarette stub should be put into the ashtray after being extinguished.Please take care of your children.The train Service Guidebook is available at your seat for your reference.Please read it carefully.(送餐及旅客信息采集按規(guī)定宣傳)
本次列車全程運行××千米,×小時×分,中途停車站有:***、…、***,請 3
您注意收聽廣播到站通告。
列車運行前方停車站***站,到站時間***。旅客朋友們,預祝大家旅途愉快!
英文:The total length of our journey is **km and will take *hours and *minutes to destination, passing by the ***station, ***station.Please be attentive to the broadcast for arrival announcements.The next station is ***.The arrival time is ***.Wish you a pleasant trip!
2、中途通告用語(范例)(1)通告站名 到站前:
中文:旅客朋友你好,列車運行前方停車站××車站,到達××車站的時間是×點×分,停車×分。在××車站下車的旅客,請您整理好行李物品,到車門口等候下車。等列車停穩(wěn)后按順序下車,(雙門時:請下車的旅客攜帶好行李物品,等列車停穩(wěn)后從×門下車)。
英文: Ladies and gentlemen, the next station is *** and the train will arrive at ***, stopping for *minutes.Passengers to get off at ***station, please pack up your luggage, wait by the door and get off in proper order after the train’s complete stabilization.(passengers to get off at ***station, please pack up your luggage and get off by the * door after the train’s complete stabilization.)開車后:
中文:旅客朋友你好,歡迎乘坐本次列車,列車運行前方停車站××站,到達××站的時間×點×分。
英文:Good morning/afternoon/evening!Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome aboard!The next station is *** and the arrival time is ***.(2)服務通告
中文:旅客朋友你好,用餐時間到了,列車將為大家提供免費(早、午、晚)餐,請您及時回到自己的座位上等候,把小桌打開準備就餐。(用餐后請將餐盒放入垃圾袋內,不要放在地板上,謝謝您的合作)如您有特殊就餐或購物需求歡迎前往*號車廂選購。
英文:Ladies and gentlemen, it’s time for meal.The catering service on the train is free.Please wait by your seat and put down the tray table in front of you.(After your meal, please put the snack box in the rubbish bag instead of on the floor, thank you.)You are also welcomed to choose your favorite food and do some shopping in coach No.*.3.終到站前 :(范例)
中文:旅客朋友你好,列車運行前方是本次列車終點站××車站,到達××車站的時間是×點×分,請您整理好行李物品,準備下車。感謝您一路上對我們工作的支持與協作,下次旅行再會!
英文:The next station is the terminus of our journey: the *** station.The train will arrive at ***.Please pack up your luggage and prepare for getting off.Thank you for your support and cooperation during the journey.See you next time!
(二)非正常情況廣播詞
范例: 1.廣播找人
中文:旅客朋友請注意,現在廣播找人。從××站上車到××去的×××旅客,聽到廣播后,請您到×號車廂去,有人找。
英文:Attention please!Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms.*** who got on the train at *** station leaving for ***.Please go to coach No.*.Some one is waiting for you there.2.失物招領
中文:旅客朋友請注意,剛才有位旅客(乘務員)拾到××,是哪位旅客丟失的,請到××去認領。
英文:Attention please!Anyone who has lost a *** please go to *** for claim.3.認領孩子、尋找小孩
中文:旅客朋友請注意,列車上有一名×歲左右的小男(女)孩與家長走散了。小孩身穿××衣服,現在×號車廂,請孩子的家長聽到廣播后,到×號車廂去認領。
英文:Attention please!A ×-year-old boy/girl is looking for his/her parents.The boy/girl is wearing a ×× and is now in coach No.*.Parents please come here soon.4.請醫(yī)找藥
中文:旅客朋友請注意,現在列車上有位旅客得了急?。ㄓ形辉袐D快要分娩了),由于列車上沒有隨車醫(yī)務人員,哪位旅客是醫(yī)務工作者,請到×號車廂協助診斷治療(接生)。謝謝。
(旅客朋友,現在列車上有位旅客生病了。經醫(yī)生診斷,需要××(藥品)進行治療,哪位旅客隨身帶有這種藥品,請您給予支援。謝謝。)
英文:Ladies and Gentlemen, may I have your attention please? There is an emergency here.(A pregnant passenger on board this train is going to give birth to a baby very soon.)Because the train’s medical staff is not available, could anyone who happens to be a medical doctor please come to the No.× coach to help the patient(the baby delivery)? Thank you very much.(Ladies and Gentlemen, there is an emergency here.An ill passenger on board this train has been identified by the doctor and he needs medical treatment with ××medicine now, could anyone who is taking this medicine with you please offer help? Thank you very much.)5.臨時停車
中文:旅客朋友,列車現在是臨時停車,還沒有到站,請大家不要下車。英文:Ladies and Gentlemen, the train is making a temporary stop now and has not arrived at the station, so please don’t get off the train.6.因故停車
中文:旅客朋友請注意:由于……(說明原因),有關部門正在組織搶修。列車在車站要停留×個小時左右(列車要暫時在本站停留,開車時間還沒有確定)。列車停留期間,大家的吃飯、喝水等生活問題,我們會妥善安排,請旅客們放心;希望大家保管好自己的行李物品,防止丟失或被別人拿錯;同時,希望旅客之間要發(fā)揚團結友愛的精神,照顧好老年人和小朋友;下車散步的旅客,要注意車站開車通告,請不要遠離車廂,更不能穿越軌道或鉆車底,以免發(fā)生意外。請各位旅客協助我們維持好車內秩序。
英文:Ladies and Gentlemen, because …, the department concerned is organizing a rush repair now.Therefore the train will stay at this station for about × hours.(The train will temporarily stay at this station, and the departure time has not been fixed yet.)During the stay period, we will provide catering to you.Everyone please keep an eye on your baggage in case of being lost or mistaken by others.Meanwhile, we hope you take good care of each other, especially the old people and children.The passengers who get off train for a walk please notice the train departure announcement at the station.Please don’t leave far away from the coach, and don’t walk across the track or go under the train for fear of accidents.Everyone please help us to keep order in train.7.列車晚點
中文:旅客朋友你好,我是本次列車列車長,列車運行前方停車站××車站,正點到站時間×點×分,列車現在大約晚點×小時×分。因列車晚點給您的旅行造成不便,在這里我代表鐵路部門向您表示誠摯的歉意,我們工作人員將努力為您提供服務,同時,請您給予諒解。(大霧、水害、沙塵暴、線路中斷、下雪、設備故障)
英文:Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome on board.I’m the chief conductor of the train.Our train will arrive at ××station, and the arriving time is ×:× by the timetable.However, the train will be × hours and × minutes late.On behalf of the railway department, I apologize to you for the inconvenience of being late.Our train crew will make great efforts to provide services to you and hope for your understanding.(heavy fog, flood disaster, sandstorm, interruption on track, snow, equipment breakdown)8.組織趕點
中文:旅客朋友你好,為了爭取恢復正點,列車到站要縮短停車時間。在××站下車的旅客,請?zhí)崆白骱脺蕚涞杰囬T口等候下車。下車散步和購買食品的旅客,不要遠離車廂,注意開車鈴聲,鈴響立即上車。
英文:Ladies and Gentlemen, our train will shorten the stopping time at stations in order to restore punctuality.Passengers who get off the train at ××station please get ready to wait at the train door, and who decide to get off the train for a walk or to buy some food please don’t leave the coach far away.Please pay your attention to the ring of departure, and get on the train as soon as the bell rings.9.列車停運
中文:旅客朋友你好,由于前方線路發(fā)生故障,列車運行到×站后要停止運行?,F在向大家介紹列車停運的有關規(guī)定:
(1)如您到前方終止旅行,請您到**車站(終止旅行站)辦理退票手續(xù)。(2)如您愿意返回發(fā)站,可以免費送回,并在發(fā)站退還有效車票的票價;如您返回中途站要求停止旅行,退還己收車票票價與發(fā)站至停止旅行站的車票票價差額。
(3)愿意在發(fā)站、停運站、返回中途站等候繼續(xù)旅行的旅客,請注意車站公告,憑原票在通車10天內恢復旅行。以上向大家介紹的是列車停運的有關規(guī)定。
英文:Ladies and Gentlemen, there is some breakdown on the front line, so the train will stop running when it arrives at ×station.Now, I’d like to introduce to you the rules of train suspension:(1)If you decide to cancel your trip when the train stops, you can return your ticket at the ** station(suspension station)and get your immediate full refund.(2)If you decide to go back to the departure station, we will send you back for free, and refund your ticket fare at the departure station.If you decide to go back and get off the train at a midway station, the price difference between your original ticket fare and the new ticket fare charged from the departure station to the midway station will be refunded to you.(3)If you decide to continue your trip at the departure station, the suspension station,or the midway station back to the departure station, please pay attention to the station announcement.Your original ticket can be used within 10 days after the train’s reopening to traffic.That’s all for the rules of train suspension.10.繞道運行
中文:旅客朋友你好,由于前方線路發(fā)生故障,不能通行,本次列車需要變更經由 ××等站開往本次列車終點站××車站。
現在,向大家介紹列車繞道運行的有關規(guī)定:
(1)到××站下車的旅客請注意,由于列車繞道運行,前方不再經過這些車站,如您愿意等候繼續(xù)旅行,請注意車站公告;如您要停止旅行,請到車站辦理退票手續(xù);如您要返回原發(fā)站,鐵路將免費送回,并在原發(fā)站退還有效車票栗價。
(2)到××站的旅客,可憑原票乘坐本次列車,繞道到達原站,票價不補不退,在繞道運行中不能退票。
(3)繞道運行中,旅客不能中途下車。以上向大家介紹的是列車繞道運行的有關規(guī)定。
英文:Ladies and Gentlemen, there is some breakdown on the front line and the train cannot pass through.Therefore our train needs to change to pass by the stations of ×× to the terminal station of ××.Now, I’d like to introduce to you the rules of train detouring:(1)Passengers who would get off the train at ××station please pay attention that the train will not go through these stations anymore.If you decide to wait and continue your trip, please notice the announcement at the station.If you decide not to travel, you can return your ticket at the station, and we will give you an immediate full refund.If you decide to go back to the original departure station, we will send you back for free, and refund your ticket fare at the original departure station.(2)Passengers who would get off the train at ××station can still use the original ticket and will arrive at the destination station after a detour, no refund for any
overpayment and no supplemental payment for any deficiency.During the train detouring, the ticket cannot be returned.(3)During the detouring, no one is allowed to get off the train.11.中途提示(可在列車滾動屏使用)
(1)請您看管好自己的行李物品,貴重物品請隨身攜帶。英文:Please keep your luggage well, and take valuables with you.(2)為了您和他人的健康,請不要在列車上吸煙。
英文:For the sake of yours and other people’s health, please don’t smoke in the train.(3)本次列車是動力快速列車,運行速度比較快,您在車內行走時請注意安全。英文:This train is the power fast-speed train with fast running speed, so please watch out while you are walking in the train.(4)為保持鐵路沿線的衛(wèi)生,這趟新型客車的廁所采用真空集便器,這里特別要提醒大家不要把雜物扔到便器里,以保證設備的正常使用,謝謝。(根據列車設備的實際情況)
英文:Vacuum toilet is applied in this train in order to keep sanitation along the railway line.Please don’t litter into the toilet, so as to ensure the normal use of the equipment.Thank you.(According to the actual situation of the train equipments)(5)當您出入車廂、廁所、開關車門時,請注意不要把手扶在門縫處,以防把手擠傷。
英文: When walking through the coaches or entering the toilet, please pay attention not to get your hands shut in the door and get hurt.(6)帶小孩的旅客要照看好小朋友,不要讓小朋友在車廂內來回跑動或到車門口去玩。
英文:Please take care of your children and don’t allow them to run around in the coach or play at the door.(7)珍愛環(huán)境,舉手之勞,請您將吃剩下的果皮、快餐盒放在垃圾袋內,以保持
車內衛(wèi)生。
英文:Please keep environment clean, and do not litter anywhere outside the refuse bag.列車服務情景100句(中英)
1.歡迎您乘坐本次列車。
(ladies and gentlemen)Welcome to board our train.2.請出示您的車票。
Good afternoon.Would you please shout your ticket? 3.謝謝,請上車。Thank you, please get on.4.請問您的車票呢?謝謝。請這邊走。到了。這是您的座位。
Your ticket, please? Thank you.This way, please.Here it is.This one is yours.5.(在列車上)對不起,列車馬上就要開車了。持站臺票的人,請馬上下車。謝謝。
Excuse me, we are leaving right away.Persons with platform tickets are requested to leave the train at once.Thank you.6.(對話)客:對不起,請問離開車還有多少時間? Execuse me,but how long is it departure,please? 乘:讓我看一下,…女士(先生),還有5分鐘。
Let me see(look at his watch)…you have five minutes to spare,madam.7.客:您好!請問列車規(guī)定在什么時候到達天津?
Hello,what time is the train due to arrive in Tianjin,please? 乘:天津嗎?今天上午10點鐘 Tianjin ?At 10 p.m.today.8.(在站臺上)女士們,先生們:開車鈴響了,請大家上車,列車馬上就要開車了。
(On the platform)ladies and gentlemen.This in the final boarding call.All passengers are requested to be on board.We will be leaving immediately.9.廁所在車廂兩頭。
The toilet is at each end of the coach.10.如果您有事,請隨時跟我們說。
Please, Do not hesitate to let me know if you need any help.11.祝您旅途愉快。
We hope you have a pleasant journey.12.先生(女士),我能為您做點什么?
Is there anything I can do for you, sir(madam)? 13.客:對不起,請問哪里可以找到列車長?
Execuse me,but where can I find the chief conductor,please? 14.乘:列車長嗎?通常可以在服務臺找到他,讓我領您去吧。請這邊走。The chief conductor?Usully you can find him at the Serve Counter.Let me show you to.Come this way ,please.15.乘:下午好,這位先生要見您,(轉向旅客)這是列車長陳先生。
Good afternoon.This gentleman has come to see you.This is chief conductor Mr.Chen.16.列車長:您好!有什么事需要我效勞嗎?
How do you do!Is there anything I can do for you ? 17.您需要我?guī)兔幔?Can I help you? 18.您有什么不舒服嗎? Are you all right? 19.您有什么麻煩事嗎? Is there anything the matter? 20.您好,你是不是需要加點食物? Hello, would you like more food? 21.請用茶,先生。Enjoy your tea, sir.22.別客氣。Not at all.23.不客氣,這是我的份內事。You are welcome.This is my duty.24.對不起,能占用您一點時間嗎?
Excuse me, but could you spare me a moment? 25.女士,請您再說一遍好嗎? Please pardon, madam? 26.您哪兒不舒服嗎? Are you all right? 27.當然可以。我去給您拿止痛片來。給您藥。最好馬上就服用以便好得快一點。您看,我們快到一個有名的風景區(qū)了。
Yes, by all means.Let me fetch you a pain-killer.Here’s the medicine.You’d better take it right away to get a speedy recovery.You see, we’re approaching a well-known scenic spot.28.是免費的。It’s free.29.真遺憾,車上沒有隨車醫(yī)生。但是我試著通過廣播在旅客中找一位醫(yī)生。Sorry, there isn’t a train-doctor.But I’ll try to spot a doctor in the passengers over the audio system.30.這位是吳醫(yī)生。碰巧今天他乘坐我們的列車。讓他給您檢查一下。This is Dr.Wu.He happens to be aboard our train today.Let him check you.31.您看用不用請個醫(yī)生看看? Do you feel like seeing a doctor? 32.好,我就去安排。
All right.I’ll make the arrangements.33.您發(fā)燒嗎?
Are you running a temperature? 34.祝您早日康復。
I wish you a quick recovery.35.請稍等一會兒,我查一下登記表,看看有沒有空著的座位。
Wait for a moment.I’ll check the seat to see if there’s a spare one.36.有一個空著的座位,是19號。我看,您得搬個家了。我來幫忙好嗎? I’ve got a seat for you, that’s No.19.I think you have to move.Shall I help you? 37.請付差額票價21元。
Please pay the balance 21 Yuan, sir.38.這位小朋友需要補一張兒童票。
This little boy need mend a child’s fare.39.小孩票價按大人票價50%計算,臥鋪票與大人相同。The child’s fare is fifty percent of the adult’s fare.40.列車長嗎?通??梢栽诜张_找到他。讓我領您去吧,請這邊走。The chief conductor? Usually you can find him at the Service Counter.Let me take you there.Come this way, please? 41.您先請。After you.42.對不起,請讓我過去好嗎? Excuse me, may I pass through? 43.對不起,我有點急事要處理,請讓一讓。謝謝。
Excuse me, have to deal with some emergency, please make a way for me.Thank you ? 44.廁所有人,請等一下。
The toilet is occupied, wait for a minute please.45.請問里面有人嗎? Is there anybody in? 46.先生,對不起。車廂內不許吸煙。
Excuse me, sir ,but smoking is not allowed in the car.47.吸煙時,請您到吸煙車廂。
Please go to the smoke_car when you smoke.48.對不起,先生。我這就去調整空調機的溫度。
I’m sorry, sir.I’ll have the air-conditioner regulated at once.49.空調沒問題。如果您覺得太涼,我去把空調機的溫度調高一點。
The air-conditioner is all right.If you feel too cold, I’ll set it for a higher temperature.50.女士們,先生們,現在我們要檢查一次車票,請大家配合出示車票。Ladies and Gentlemen, we are going to check the train tickets now, Please show your ticket, thank you for your cooperation.51.請問,我挪一下這東西行嗎? May I move this? 52.車廂馬上就要熄燈了,請整理好您的東西,祝您晚安。
The light in coach will be switched off soon, please put your stuff well.Good night.53.明天見。See you tomorrow.54.餐車供應早餐的時間是6點。
The breakfast would be ready at 6:00 in our dining coach.55.餐車在列車中部9號車廂,您要就餐的話,請朝前(后)走。
The dining coach is the No.9 in the middle of the train, please go ahead(back)to it if you want to have some food.56.您好,歡迎來我們餐車用餐。
Good morning/afternoon/evening.Welcome to have your dining here.57.請進,請到這里就座
Please come in.You may have a seat here.58.我們餐車供應中餐、西餐,這是菜單。
Our dining coach supplies both Chinese food and western food? 59.您好,你想吃什么?是中餐還是西餐。
How do you do!Which would you like, Chinses food or western food? 60.西餐有面包、牛奶、煎雞蛋、火腿、紅腸。
For western foods, we have bread, milk, fried eggs, and ham and red sausage.61.您好,您要喝點什么? Hello, do you need some drink? 62.請問,還要點別的嗎?
Excuse me, would you like anything else? 63.先生,早餐滿意嗎?
Did you enjoy your breakfast, sir? 64.請對我們的飯菜多提寶貴意見。Please give your comments on our foods.65.當然可以。很高興為您效勞。Yes, of course, with pleasure.66.謝謝光臨,請走好。Thanks for coming.Good Bye.67.別客氣。That’s all right.68.謝謝你的忠告。
Thanks for your kind advise.69.感謝你的幫助。Thank for your help.70.請問您需要什么? What would you like? 71.女士(先生)您好,我們準備了各種飲料(礦泉水、飲料)供您挑選。Hello, Madam(sir), Here are different kinds of drinks(mineral water, soft drink)for your selection.72.對不起,下一站就是終點站北京站了。我可以把這些杯子和殘余物品拿走嗎? Excuse me;the next stop will be the terminus, Beijing Station.May I take the cups and the odds and ends away? 73.您好,上海(拉薩)很快就要到了。
Hello, we’ll get to Shanghai(Lasa)Railway Station soon.74.請您檢查一下隨身攜帶的行李物品,準備下車。Please check your luggage and prepare for getting off.75.女士們先生們,列車已運行了 小時 分,大家即將平安到達終點站北京(拉薩)車站了,請允許我對各位的協助表示感謝。
Ladies and Gentlemen, our train has been running for hours and minters.We’ll arrive at our destination Lasa(Shanghai)Railway Station.Please permit us to thank you for all your cooperation.76.歡迎您對我們的工作多提寶貴意見。
Your comments on our service are highly appreciated.77.謝謝您的夸獎。能為您服務,我很高興。
It’s very kind of you to say so.It’s always a pleasure to be at your service.Come again, please.78.謝謝您的夸獎,我確實非常喜愛這禮品,但是我們的紀律不允許接受旅客的禮物。您的心意我領了。謝謝。
It’s very kind of you to say so.For sure I like it very much.But our regulation doesn’t allow us to accept any presents from passengers.Anyhow, thank you all the same.79.歡迎下次再來。
Welcome to board our train next time.80.請走好,歡迎下次旅行再乘坐本次列車。
Take care;welcome to take this train in your next trip.81.新年好。Happy New Year.82.圣誕快樂。Merry Christmas.83.生日快樂。Happy Birthday.84.乘:先生,對不起。請問您是哪國人? Execuse me.What’s your nationality,please? 85.客:哦,我是英國人 Oh,I’m British.乘:謝謝!thank you.86.客:對不起,請問盥洗室在哪里?
Execuse me ,but where’s the toilet,please? 87.乘:盥洗室嗎?車廂每頭都有一間,就在門外。
Yes?There’s one at each end of the car just outside the doors over there and there.88.對不起,請問餐車怎么走?
Execuse me.Could you show me the way to the dining car,please? 89.好的,先生。一直超前走,過兩個車廂就是餐車。我領您去好嗎? Why,of course,sir.Just keep this way on,you’ll find the dining car after two cars.Shall I show you to ? 90.謝謝。不用了,我看我自己能行。
No,thank you.I think I can manage it myself.91.對不起,請問哪個方向可以到服務臺?
Execuse me ,but which direction leads to the Reception/Service counter,please? 92.服務臺嗎?先生,這個方向。
The service counter?Yes,it’s in this direction,sir.93.(準備移動物品時)請注意一下,這是誰的箱子? Attention ,please.Whose case is it? 94.是我的,有什么問題嗎?
Yes,it’s mine.Is there anything wrong? 95.哦,沒什么。我想如果把它放在行李架上就更好了。
Oh,no,nothing important.But I think it would be better to put it on the Hand_luggage Case.96.好的。Ok.謝謝。讓我來幫忙。
Thank you.Let me help you.97.對不起,能不能給調一個靠窗的順向座位?
Execuse me,but would it be possible to change a window seat facing/against the engine? 98.很抱歉,現在沒有。因為空座已經予留給中途站了。幸而每趟車都有少數人不來。一有空座我就通知您。請問您是幾號座位?
Sorry,not at the moment,as all spare seats have been reserved for the intermediate stops.But fortunately there often are a few no_shows on every trip.As soon as there’s one.I’ll let you know.Your seat number,please? 99.先生,告訴您一個好消息,我給您找到了一個靠窗的座位,是那頭的56號。Good news for you ,sir,I’ve got a window seat for you.It’s 56,over there.100.終點站快要到了,現在請您檢查一下隨身攜帶的行李物品準備下車。
We’re approaching the terminus soon.And now please check and have your hand-luggage ready for disembarkation arrival.
第二篇:乘務員面試英語自我介紹
乘務員面試英語自我介紹
在面試的過程中,有一個環(huán)節(jié)必不可收,那就是乘務員面試的自我介紹,很多想成為乘務員的人都會忽略這個問題,以下是小編為你整理的乘務員面試英語自我介紹,希望大家喜歡。
乘務員面試英語自我介紹篇1 Good afternoon, Sir(Miss).I'm GUOAIPENG.Please feel free to call me GAP for short.It's really a great honor to have this opportunity for an interview with such a prestigious Consulting Group like TNS.Hope today I can make a good performance.Now I'm gonna introduce myself briefly.I'm from the city of jincheng, shanxiProvince.I got my Bachelor's degree in Beijing university of posts and telecommunications with the major of applied the same time got the double degree of telecommunication engineering.Currently I'm a thirdyear graduate student of
BeijingUniversity
of
posts
and telecommunications.I majored in quantum communication.That's how I have developed a good sense of engineering as well as basic scientific research.In practice, As you can see
in
my
resume,I
worked atHUAWEI3COMDIGITALCHINASAMSUNG AZALEA, China Academy of Telecommunication Research of Ministry of information industry.I am always ready to establish myself as a versatile man and I am proud I really improve a lot in these years.Above is about my academic background.Now let me say
something about my personality.First I would say I am optimistic and adamant.No matter what happened, I always try to adapt myself to this society.On my way to fullfill my dreams, I believe in the saying “Nothing in the world is too hard to do if we set our minds on it”.What's more, I am a good teamplayer.For me, to make my teammates and the whole team better is pretty much like a big succeof myself.That's what I enjoy most in basketball court.I am willing to pathe ball to my teammate whoever is at a better position to score than me.I think if everyone tries to make his teammates better, the team will definitely be better.That's exactly the essence of leadership.In addition to basketball, my most important pastime is travel.I wannna know as much as possible about people and cultures in different regions.I'd like to compare them for enlarging my view or just for fun.That's all for the introduction.If you would like to know more, just let me you.乘務員面試英語自我介紹篇2
Good morning everyone, my name is am XX years graduated from have a dream since I was a dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird.Now I have the chance to make it come true.If i can take this job.I’ll try my best to do everything I love this you.Hello my name am XX years graduatedfrom have a dream since I was a dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird.Now I have the chance to make it come true.If i can take this job.I’ll try my best to do everything I love this job.Hello my name am XX years graduatedfrom have a dream since I was a dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird.Now I have the chance to make it come true.If i can take this job.I’ll try my best to do everything I love this job.Good morning everyone, my name is am XX years graduated from have a dream since I was a dream that one day I can fly in the blue sky like the bird.Now I have the chance to make it come true.If i can take this job.I’ll try my best to do everything I love this you.
第三篇:乘務員面試英語介紹
航空乘務員英語面試自我介紹范例
頻道:英語面試訪問人數:3304評論人數:0時間:2010-02-04 10:05:36
good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september.now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with a ease.and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice.besides, i have attend
several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company.through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic
packaging industry.compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard.but i have full confidence in a bright future if only
our economy can keep the growth pace still.i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won“t give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education.i will work hard in
thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? i cannot
describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident.sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online.through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment.by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club.i had a few glorious memory on stage.that is my pride.ou for giving me the chance
第四篇:旅客列車平穩(wěn)操縱
旅 客 列 車平穩(wěn) 操 縱
前言
隨著市場經濟的快速發(fā)展,運輸市場的競爭也更加激烈,作為鐵路運輸企業(yè)必須盡快的適應市場經濟發(fā)展的速度,這就要求鐵路行業(yè)必須以更加優(yōu)異的服務進入市場,爭取市場,旅客列車是鐵路運輸行業(yè)的窗口,現形勢下,旅客列車的含義不僅僅是是把旅客運到目的地,更重要的是要體現“安全,正點,平穩(wěn)”,以優(yōu)質的服務贏得市場,而作為機務部門,是旅客列車運輸完成的主要部門,旅客列車的平穩(wěn)操縱,不僅直接反映機務系統的形象,更影響到鐵路上的聲譽,所以,提高旅客列車的操縱質量,就顯得更加必須和重要。
長期以來,機車乘務員的列車操縱技能,多源于師傅的言傳身教,雖然也可能進行一定程度上的探索,但因為缺乏理論性,規(guī)范化,系統化,從很大程度上制約了機車乘務員操縱水平的提高。
結合本人多年操縱列車的實際經驗,加上對牽引計算詳細深入的學習,分析,現對旅客列車的平穩(wěn)操縱做部分技術說明,主要說明平穩(wěn)操縱及制動調速停車兩大內容,順便簡單介紹列車運行時刻,線路平面縱斷面的分析利用,希望對大部分機車乘務員的技術水平的提高能有所幫助。
一、平穩(wěn)操縱
平穩(wěn)操縱是體現旅客列車操縱技術的一項很重要的內容,在說明中,將按照列車運行中的各種工況,從力學和列車運動方程式的角度進行說明。
由《牽引計算規(guī)程》(TB/T-1407-98)可知,列車在各種工況下,包括起動,加速,牽引運行,惰力運行,制動,調速,停車,主要受作用于列車上的與列車運行方向水平的三種力的作用,即:牽引力,運行阻力,制動力,從車輛運動力學上講,只要車鉤間隙不發(fā)生變化,無論是伸張還是壓縮狀態(tài),均不會造成車輛的沖動,但在列車不同的運行工況中,這三種力或其中的一種或兩種力可能同時或分別作用于列車上,這種力的作用結果就是造成了車鉤間隙的變化,所以,車鉤間隙的變化就是造成列車沖動最根本最直接的原因,平穩(wěn)操縱的目的,就是盡量的減少或消除這種間隙的變化。
1、列車起動階段;列車起動時,受兩種力的作用,牽引力和運行阻力,其中,運行阻力主要是機車車輛上軸承軸頸的摩擦力,在坡道上起動時,還受列車本身重力的分力,也就是坡道附加阻力的作用,解決了這兩種力的關系,也就解決了列車啟動時的沖動
列車緩解后,整個列車的車鉤處于自由伸張狀態(tài),由于列車長度的原因,或處于不同的線路縱斷面上,各車鉤的自由狀態(tài)不一致,列車在起動時,牽引力是由前部車輛依此向后傳遞,這就造成了各車輛車鉤間隙不一致,受力也不一致,于是,沖動就產生了,理想狀態(tài)是全列車各車鉤都處于同樣的伸張狀態(tài),并且,起動時要給于盡量小的牽引力,以減少車輛由靜態(tài)轉變?yōu)閯討B(tài)的剛性沖動,但是,由于機車 本身的構造決定了其牽引力只能限制在某一個程度,盡管某些機車在手柄一位起動時還增加了微機限功功能,但在實際現場工作中,牽引力與車鉤間隙變化的要求還是不匹配,結合實際工作經驗,說明在以下兩種情況下啟動列車的方法,事實說明,這兩種方法可有效的減少或消除不同線路上列車啟動時的沖動。
(1)上坡道起動:上坡道起動時,列車緩解,機車制動,此時,受坡道附加阻力(與運行方向相反)的作用,全列車的車鉤均處于伸張狀態(tài),對平穩(wěn)起動有利,但必須注意的是起動時,必須先提手柄,使機車處于牽引狀態(tài)方可緩解機車制動,以免先緩解機車制動而牽引力還未形成造成機車瞬間向后溜逸。
(2)平道,下坡道,或鍋底型線路上的起動:列車緩解后,由于各車輛處于不同的線路縱斷面,或受坡道附加阻力(與運行方向相同)的作用,各車鉤狀態(tài)不一致有的壓縮有的伸張,比較復雜,這種情況對平穩(wěn)起動是最為不利的,為解決這個問題,現在有兩種觀點,一是起動前抻鉤,即緩解單閥,自閥制動,提一位手柄走車,目的是拉開車鉤,但在實際試驗中,結果是僅僅能拉開機車與第一輛車的車鉤,使其處于伸張狀態(tài),后部車輛的車鉤還是處于原來的狀態(tài),起動是后部車輛還是會產生沖動,這種方法不理想,還有一種就是起動時緩解單閥,待牽引力產生后再緩解自閥,以求在全列車車鉤在緩解的瞬間加入牽引力,使車鉤伸張,但在實際試驗中,很難做到車鉤在緩解時牽引力同時加入,也就是說,牽引力與車鉤狀態(tài)變化不能同步,所以,這種方法很難掌握,綜合上述情況可知,在以上線路情況下起動時,車鉤狀態(tài)的變化是很難避免的,唯一的方法就是盡量減少機車的牽引力,使車鉤狀態(tài)的變化減慢,車鉤間隙的變化減小,才能盡可能的減少沖動,結合實際,具體的做法就是,緩解后,單閥制動,使機車制動缸保持一定的壓力,一般為30---50kpa,然后提手柄加載,提一位,使列車以盡量慢的速度起動,運行一段距離后(2---5米)再緩解機車制動,恢復正常運行。
2、起動后的加速階段:在這個階段,列車的牽引力迅速的增加,車輛的阻力由軸承軸頸的摩擦力逐漸轉變?yōu)檩嗆夐g的滾動或滑動阻力,以及振動形成的沖擊力,此時,沖動產生的主要原因就是空轉的發(fā)生,我們知道,牽引力大于輪軌間的粘著力時,就有可能產生空轉,粘著條件被破壞的原因通常有兩個,一是輪軌間摩擦力的突然減小,二是牽引力的突然加大。
(1)輪軌摩擦力的減小,常見的原因就是,軌面上有油,水,樹葉或在降霧降雨的天氣下,軌面上有大量較厚的鐵銹時,通過道岔時,上述情況均會使車輪踏面與軌面的滾動摩擦變?yōu)榛瑒幽Σ?,造成粘著系數下降?/p>
(2)牽引力突然加大,原因就是提手柄太快,使牽引力急劇上升。由上可知,再加速過程中,內燃機車提手柄或電力機車進級,均應逐位進行,不能太快,無級調速內燃機車,提手柄一般以每次20轉/分鐘為宜,無論無級調速還是有級調速,都必須待柴油機轉速平穩(wěn)后方可提下一次,在全列車越過道岔前,一般掌握牽引電流不超過,DF4型--3000A,DF4D型--4000A,DF11型--5000A。如軌面不清潔,有油,水,銹,或天氣不良,以及通過側向道岔,可提前撒砂(采用線式撒砂)或適當回手柄,防止空轉的發(fā)生,減少列車的沖動。
3、牽引運行階段:牽引運行時,列車所受的力主要為牽引力和輪軌間的滾動或滑動阻力,以及振動形成的沖擊力,除高速列車外,一般不考慮空氣阻力的問題,當列車在同樣的線路縱斷面上運行時,牽引力與運行阻力相對平衡,全列車的車鉤處于伸張狀態(tài),一般不會產生沖動,但鐵路的線路是由平道,上坡道,下坡道等不同的縱斷面形成的,當列車由平道轉入坡道,或坡道轉入平道,或坡道轉入另外一個坡道時,這種平衡關系將被破壞,就會產生沖動,(1)由平道轉上坡道,或下坡道轉平道、上坡道,由于機車的單位基本阻力大于車輛的單位基本阻力,或由于與列車運行方向相反的坡道附加阻力的原因,會造成機車運行阻力大于車輛運行阻力,使全列車的車鉤由前向后逐漸壓縮,形成較大的沖動,解決的方法就是,在進入上坡道時,特別是運行在鍋底型的線路上,適當的提手柄,加大機車的牽引力,使全列車的車鉤始終處于拉伸狀態(tài),就可有效的減少這種沖動。
(2)由平道轉下坡道,或上坡道轉下坡道(魚背型線路)、平道,坡道附加阻力方向與運行方向一致,起的是牽引力的作用,列車車鉤的相對靜止狀態(tài)也被破壞,也會形成剛性沖動,解決方法就是,在上述線路運行時,可適當減少機車牽引力,保持原來的平衡關系,也就避免了沖動的發(fā)生。
另外,如需要進行牽引力的變化,提回手柄應盡量緩慢進行,尤其是由牽引運行轉惰力運行,不能將手柄直接回零,應先回至一位,待柴油機下降到最低轉速且轉速平穩(wěn)后方可回零。
4、惰力運行階段:此時,列車受的力主要為運行基本阻力或附加阻力,機車車輛的車鉤隨阻力的變化而變化,可能伸張也可能壓縮,或有的伸張有的壓縮,解決辦法就是不要完全的解除機車的牽引力,應以較小的牽引力運行,當然,要考慮到此牽引力不能使列車速度超過線路限制速度或要求的運行速度。
5、調速:調速有兩種方法,一是手柄調速,一是制動調速,(1)手柄調速,在運行速度與要求的速度相差不是很大且能滿足列車運行時刻的前提下,應選擇手柄調速,適當回手柄,根據具體情況減少或解除機車牽引力,使列車運行速度緩慢下降至低于要求的速度,盡量不采用制動調速,可有效的減少沖動。
(2)制動調速,根據實際情況,制動調速有兩種方式,一是空氣制動調速,一是電阻制動調速,在此主要講電阻制動,在停車時再講空氣制動,電阻制動的原理是將列車運行的動能通過牽引電機轉變?yōu)殡娔?,再由電阻轉變?yōu)闊崮?,使列車惰力運行狀況下的動能減少,達到維持或降低運行速度的目的,在這個制動過程中,只有機車能起制動作用,車輛是沒有制動作用的,這就造成了機車在制動時,后部車輛在慣性作用下,由后向前壓縮車鉤,形成沖動,車輛越靠前,沖動越大,所以,非必要的時候,應盡量不要要使用電阻制動,如必須使用,應適當的掌握制動電流,使其由小向大緩慢的,逐漸的增加,以減緩車鉤的壓縮過程,減少沖動,經驗數據如下:
DF4D型----一位,150A 二位,220A
500-550轉/分鐘,300A
DF11型----二位,230A 牽引16輛及其以內,在3%。的下坡道上,維持原有速度需制動電流150A 牽引16輛及其以內,在4-5%。下坡道上,維持原有速度需制動電流200A
牽引16輛至19輛,在3%。的下坡道上,維持原有速度需制動電流230A
牽引16輛至19輛,在4-5%的下坡道上,維持原有速度需制動電流320A
6、制動,停車:使用空氣制動進行制動調速或停車,是最容易產生沖動的情況,也是平穩(wěn)操縱要掌握的主要內容,在列車進行制動時,在制動的初期并不是全列車同時產生制動作用,而是由前向后逐輛的從開始制動到產生與減壓量相對應的制動力尤其是機車,機車制動缸的壓力空氣來源于總風缸,上閘快,也就造成了全列車由前向后依此制動,全列車的車鉤由前向后依此壓縮,后部車輛,還未產生制動作用的或未產生足夠制動作用的車輛向前壓縮前部車輛的車鉤,造成較大的沖動。
解決這種沖動,一是列車制動的一致性要求比較好,二是在制動時,盡量使全列車的車鉤處于拉伸狀態(tài),三是要盡量小的制動力。
實施制動前20-30秒,先提手柄1-2位,以較小的牽引力,使全列車的車鉤在拉伸狀態(tài),自閥減壓前,先推單閥,使機車工作風缸壓力下降到530-550KPA左右,以保證在自閥實行制動后機車不上閘,自閥減壓50KPA,排風停止后,經過5秒左右再將主手柄回零位。
制動停車是產生沖動的最主要的環(huán)節(jié),由運動中的列車到完全停止,在這個過程中,不僅因制動時機車與列車制動力不協調,或前部車輛制動與后部車輛制動不一致造成沖動,并且,如果減壓量比較大,還會造成較大的減速度,在低速或接近停車時,車輛閘瓦摩擦系數急劇加大,盡管沒有明顯的沖動,但卻由于減速度過大,不能做到平穩(wěn),解決辦法就是,在制動停車前,要準確的掌握減壓量和制動距離,避免因初減不足或制動距離太短,造成制動后期大量追加。
特別要指出的是,如果需要在短時間內進行兩次或多次制動,例如站外制動調速,站內制動停車,一定要注意兩次制動間隔的時間,既保證首次制動緩解后到第二次或到下次制動,必須留有充分的充風時間,通常,確定列車是否充滿風有三種方法,一是看機車總風缸壓力表是否下降,二是計算充風時間,三是計算在某個速度點下充滿風列車所要運行的距離,在正常運行中,建議采用第三種方法來確定充風。
7、關于緩解停車:實踐證明,如果緩解停車掌握得當,能非常有效的減少甚至消除因制動帶來的沖動,但如果掌握不當,會造成比不緩解還要大的沖動,緩解停車的關鍵就是掌握緩解的時機,而這個時機與列車的制動力,減壓量,線路縱斷面,緩解時的速度,車輛制動機的類型有關系,沒有理論數據說明上述因素與緩解時機的關系,在多年的實踐中,只能憑積累的工作經驗來確定緩解時機,在將來的工作中還需要繼續(xù)深入的探索和研究。
二、制動調速停車
無論是制動調速還是停車,最關鍵最需要掌握的就是列車的制動力,準確的判斷列車的制動力是按限速要求或距離要求進行制動調速或制動停車對標的基礎。
影響列車制動力的因素有很多,減壓量,車輛類型,車輛制動機類型,牽引輛數,制動效率,機械傳動效率,制動倍率,閘瓦材質,閘瓦摩擦系數,制動缸鞲鞴行程等都有關系,在同等外部條件下,比如減壓量,牽引輛數,車輛類型都相同的情況下,各列車的制動力不存在明顯的很大的區(qū)別,但存在小的區(qū)別,判斷列車的制動力是否屬于正常制動力一般有三種方式。
(1)排風時間:現有的車輛制動機,主要有三種,104,104c,F-8,無論哪種類型,其在某減壓量條件下的排風時間基本相同,一般,減壓50KPA的情況下,一輛的排風時間為0.8秒,低于或高于這個時間,并不代表此列車制動就是強或弱或正常,還需結合其他方法.(2)減壓50KPA排完風后的速度下降情況:在運行中的試閘時,可憑減壓50KPA排完風后的速度下降情況進一步判斷列車的制動力,一般速度下降5-7Km/h.(3)減壓50KPA緩解后至列車管充至定壓時速度下降情況:一般速度繼續(xù)下降4Km/h.以上三種方法,僅憑其中任何一種,都不能確定制動力的大小,必須結合兩種甚至三種,方可做為準確的判斷.判斷出列車的制動力以后,下一個要解決的問題就是掌握準確的減壓量,對于旅客列車來說,就是50KPA,如何準確的減壓50KPA,除自閥減壓時的手感及排風音響以外,對初練者,應用觀察風表的方法,需要注意的是,不能以監(jiān)控器的顯示來確定準確的減壓量,受傳感器精度的影響,有時它的顯示存在較大誤差,應看雙針量程機械表,根據JZ-7制動機各閥的控制關系可知,自閥-均衡風缸-中繼閥-列車管,所以,減壓前看均衡風缸,排完風后看列車管,練習時可采取做記號的方式,既,在試閘的過 程中,找出準確的減壓量以后,在自閥卡齒與調整閥蓋板上做一相對應的標記,減壓時憑此標記既可掌握準確的減壓量.最后要解決的問題就是制動距離的計算,在計算制動距離時,要考慮的是列車的制動力,還有牽引輛數,車輛類型等,相同輛數類型速度的列車,其制動距離不會有很大的差別,如果需要對標停車,還要考慮站場設施,線路有效長,線路縱斷面,停車標距出站信號的距離等因素,掌握了準確的減壓量,判斷好制動力,計算好制動距離減壓后,認真觀察速度下降情況,根據需要追加對標停車,注意,如需要追加,應本著少量多次的原則,以較少沖動,力求平穩(wěn).以下是在平道上不同速度減壓50KPA的全制動距離,以18輛為例.10km/h--35m
50km/h--520m
90km/h--1650m
20km/h--110m
60km/h--750m
100km/h--2050m
30km/h--200m
70km/h--950m
110km/h--2400m
40km/h--340m
80km/h--1250m
120km/h--2700m
以下是在平道上減壓50KPA后距停車位置的理想降速.2000m--101km/h
1500m--90km/h
1000m--74km/h
900m--70km/h
800m--66km/h
700m--62km/h
600m--58km/h
500m--53km/h
400m--48km/h
300m--42km/h
200m--35km/h
100m--26km/h
50m--19km/h
以上數據,僅作參考.三、正點
運行時分,一般以整分或半分為計算單位,在正常的運行中,應掌握無論是通過站還是停車站,起車站,其運行時分誤差不超過5秒。
運行準確的時間的主要手段就是需要有相應的速度,運行速度的計算是:區(qū)間公里×60÷規(guī)定的運行時分,在正常運行中,應使列車的運行速度盡量的等于或接近這個速度,在停車站或起車站,則需要有比這個速度高的速度,這就需要在線路上設置觀速點,觀速點的設置應符合以下原則
1、在符合一個或多個觀速點的要求后,整個區(qū)間的運行時分符合要求
2、觀速點的設置必須對操縱有明顯重要的指導意義,比如提回手柄,減壓或緩解,加速或惰力運行等
3、觀速點應設置為不易移動,不易改變,比較突出的物體,比如信號機,橋梁,建筑物或其他自然物體
確定了觀速點后,既可根據所用的機車,牽引的列車編組等情況,選擇合適的牽引力,進行加速、減速或維持某一速度來達到觀速點的要求
應當注意的是,在選擇牽引力的時候,不能以手柄位置或柴油機轉速來確定牽引力,應以機車在某一工況的功率為準
以下是在平道上,保持某一速度所需的機車功率,以18輛為例
140km/h--2650kw
130km/h--1950kw 120km/h--1600kw
110km/h--1300kw
100km/h--1000kw
90km/h--750kw
70km/h--550kw
60km/h--450kw
以上數據,僅供參考
四、線路平面及縱斷面分析
鐵路線路是由不同的平面及縱斷面組成的,平面分為直線和曲線,縱斷面分為平道,上坡道和下坡道,在運行中,列車可能運行在單一的線路狀態(tài)上,也可能運行在不同的多個線路狀態(tài)上,這種不同的線路狀態(tài)對列車運行有著重要的影響,所以,就有必要對線路的平面及縱斷面進行分析研究,以確定它與列車運行的關系。
線路平面
列車在直線上運行時,來自線路的阻力主要是滾動摩擦以及振動沖擊力,但當列車運行在曲線上時,受離心力的作用,以及外軌與內軌的高度的影響,就會產生明顯的滑動摩擦,形成曲線阻力,這種曲線阻力的大小與曲線半徑有直接的關系,一般來說,曲線半徑在600米以外時,基本上不考慮它的影響,當曲線半徑小于600米時,就應當計算曲線附加阻力,方法是,600÷曲線半徑,把計算結果再折算為坡道附加阻力就可以用于牽引計算。
線路縱斷面
線路的縱斷面,尤其是坡道,對運行的影響是很明顯的,在實際現場中,線路坡道的變化可能非常復雜,由于列車有一定的長度,就有可能運行在不同的坡道上,并且由于坡道的坡度不同,長度也不同,也就無法進行準確的計算,這就需要先對坡道進行化簡,折算為加算坡度,化簡的實質就是用一個假想的坡度千分數代替幾個相鄰的坡度接近的實際坡道千分數,化簡后的坡道長度等于被化簡的幾個實際坡道的長度之和。
在進行坡度的化簡時,應遵循以下的原則
1、被化簡的幾個坡度相差不能太大
2、用被化簡的坡度與化簡的坡度的差,乘以該坡道的長度,結果不能大于2000
只有在滿足上兩個條件的前提下,實際坡度才允許被化簡,在列車進行加速,維持原速,動能闖坡,制動調速,緩解停車時,如果列車處于坡道上,則都要利用化簡后的加算坡度來進行計算或指導,而不是用實際坡度。
第五篇:航空乘務員英語面試自我介紹
Good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september.Now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with a ease.and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice.besides, i have attendseveral packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company.through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry.compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard.but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still.i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won“t give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education.I will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? i cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident.sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online.through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment.by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club.i had a few glorious memory on stage.that is my pride.ou for giving me the chance