第一篇：(整理)中考英語常用詞組及動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)小結(jié)

初中英語常用詞組復(fù)習(xí)

一、動詞詞組(包括短語動詞)、介詞詞組和其他詞組

(一)由be構(gòu)成的詞組

1)be back/in/out

回來/在家/外出

2)be at home/work 在家/上班

3)be good at 善于，擅長于

4)be careful of 當(dāng)心，注意，仔細

5)be covered with 被……復(fù)蓋

6)be ready for 為……作好準(zhǔn)備

7)be surprised(at)對……感到驚訝

8)be interested in

對……感到舉

9)be born 出生

10)be on 在進行，在上演，（燈）亮著

11)be able to do sth.能夠做…… 12)be afraid of(to do sth.that…)害怕……(不敢做……，恐怕……)

13)be angry with sb.生(某人)的氣

14)be pleased(with)對……感到高興(滿意)

15)be famous for 以……而著名

16)be strict in(with)(對工作、對人)嚴(yán)格要求

17)be from 來自……，什么地方人

18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 餓了/渴了/累了

19)be worried 擔(dān)憂

20)be(well)worth doing(非常)值得做……

21)be covered with 被……所覆蓋……

22)be in(great)need of(很)需要

23)be in trouble 處于困境中

24)be glad to do sth.很高興做……

25)be late for ……遲到

26)be made of(from)由……制成27)be satisfied with 對……感到滿意

28)be free 空閑的，有空

29)be(ill)in bed 臥病在床

30)be busy doing(with)忙于做……(忙于……)

(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、look、put、set、send、take、turn、play等動詞構(gòu)成的詞組< 1)come back 回來

2)come down 下來

3)come in 進入，進來

4)come on 快，走吧，跟我來

5)come out出來

6)come out of 從……出來

7)come up 上來

8)come from 來自……

9)do one's lessons/homework 做功課/回家作業(yè)

10)do more speaking/reading 多做口頭練習(xí)/朗讀

11)do one's best 盡力

12)do some shopping(cooking reading, cleaning)買東西(做飯菜，讀點書，大掃除)13)do a good deed(good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)

14)do morning exercises 做早操 15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操 16)do well in 在……某方面干得好 17)get up 起身

18)get everything ready 把一切都準(zhǔn)備好 19)get ready for(=be ready for)為……作好準(zhǔn)備

20)get on(well)with 與……相處(融洽)21)get back 返回 22)get rid of 除掉，去除 23)get in 進入，收集 24)get on/off 上/下車 25)get to 到達

26)get there 到達那里

27)give sb.a call 給……打電話 28)give a talk 作報告

29)give a lecture(a piano concert)作講座(舉行鋼琴音樂會)30)give back 歸還，送回

31)give……some advice on 給……一些忠告

32)give lessons to 給……上課 33)give in 屈服 34)give up 放棄

35)give sb.a chance 給……一次機會 36)give a message to…… 給……一個口信

37)go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧38)go to the cinema 看電影

39)go go bed 睡覺(make the bed 整理床鋪)

40)go to school(college)上學(xué)(上大學(xué))41)go to(the)hospital 去醫(yī)院看病 42)go over 過一遍，復(fù)習(xí)/ go over to 朝……走去

43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去鉤魚/滑冰/游泳/買東

44)go home(there)回家去(去那兒)45)go round 順便去，繞道走 46)go up 上去

47)go out for a walk 外出散步 48)go on(doing)繼續(xù)(做……)49)go on with one's work 繼續(xù)某人的工作

50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下樓 51)(the lights)go out(燈)熄了

52)have a lesson(lessons)/a meeting 上課/開會

53)have a football match(basketball match)舉行一場足球(藍球)賽 54)have dictation 聽見 55)have a try 試一試

56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高興

57)have a lecture(a piano concert)聽講座(聽鋼琴音樂會)

58)have a report(talk)on

聽一個關(guān)于……的報告

59)have a glass of water(a cup of tea)喝一杯水，(一杯茶)

60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯

61)have a meal(three meals)吃一頓飯(三餐飯)

62)have a dinner 吃正餐

63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早飯吃面包和牛奶

64)have(have got)a headache 頭痛 65)have a fever 發(fā)燒

66)have a cough(a cold)咳嗽(感冒)

67)have a look(at)看一看……

68)have a rest(a break)休息一會兒(工間或課間休息)69)have a talk 談話

70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步 71)have sports 進行體育鍛煉

72)have a sports meet(meeting)開運動會 73)have something done 讓人(請人)做……

74)have a test/an exam 測驗/考試 75)have an idea 有了個主意

76)had better do sth.(not do sth.)最好做……(最好不要做……)

77)have a word with 與……談幾句話 78)help sb.with sth.help sb.do sth.在……方面幫助…… 幫助……做 79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 115)set out 出發(fā)

116)set an example for 為……樹立榜樣 117)send for 派人去請(叫)118)send out 放出，發(fā)出 156)do well in

在……干得好

157)enjoy doing sth.like doing sth.喜歡做某事

喜歡干某事

158)find out 發(fā)現(xiàn)，查出(真相等)請隨便吃點雞/魚/肉 80)help each other 互相幫助

81)keep up with 跟上……，不落后于……

82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安靜 83)keep sb.doing sth.使……一直做……

84)keep one's diary 記日記

85)make a noise(a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵鬧(十分嘈雜，響聲)86)make a living 謀生 87)make sb.do sth.迫使某人做…… 88)make faces(a face)做鬼臉 89)make friends(with)與……交朋友 90)make a mistake(mistakes)犯錯誤 91)make room/space for 給……騰出地方 92)make a sentence(sentences)with 用……造句 93)make a fire 生火

94)be made from/of 由……制成 95)be made in 在……地方制造 96)look out of(outside)往外看(看外面)97)look up a word(in the dictionary)查字典

98)look up 往上看，仰望 99)look after 照管，照看，照顧 100)look for 尋找 101)look like 看上去像

102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起來氣色好/健康/疲勞/憂慮 103)look out 當(dāng)心，小心

104)look on …as… 把……當(dāng)作……看待

105)look around 朝四周看 106)look at 看著……

107)put on 穿上(衣服)，戴上(帽子)，上演(戲劇)108)put up 建造，搭起，掛起，舉起，張?zhí)?/p>

109)put into 使進入，輸入 110)put one's heart into 全神貫注于 111)put…down… 把……放下 112)put…into…

把……譯成 113)set up 豎起，建起 114)set off 出發(fā)，動身

119)end up 把……往上送，發(fā)射 120)take one's advice 聽從某人勸告 121)take out 拿出，取出 122)take down 拿下 123)take place 發(fā)生

124)take one's place 坐……的座位，代替某人職務(wù)

125)take the place of 代替…… 126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息 127)take it easy 別緊張 128)take sth.with sb.隨身帶著

129)take sb.to a park/London for one's holidays 帶某人去公園/倫敦度假 130)take care of 關(guān)心，照顧，保管 131)take a look(a last look)at 看一看(最后看一眼)

132)take an exam 參加考試 133)take away 拿走 134)take back 收回，帶回 135)take hold of 抓住……

136)take off 脫下(衣，帽，鞋等)拿掉 137)take(an active)part in(積極)參加(活動

138)take photos 拍照

139)take some medicine 服藥

140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽車，火車/船

141)turn on 開，旋開(電燈，收音機等)142)turn off 關(guān)上(電燈，收音機等)143)turn in 交出，上交 144)turn…into… 變成 145)turn to

翻到，轉(zhuǎn)向 146)turn down(把音量)調(diào)低 147)turn…over 把……翻過來

148)play basketball 打籃球，football 踢足球，volleyball 打排球

149)play games 做游戲

150)play the piano(the violin)彈鋼琴(拉小提琴)

151)play with snow 玩雪

152)play a joke(on)對……開玩笑

(三)由其他動詞構(gòu)成的詞組 153)think over 仔細考慮 154)arrive at/in a place 到達某處 155)eat up 吃完，吃光

159)finish off 吃完，喝完 160)stop doing sth.停止做某事 161)stop to do sth.停下來去做某事 162)hold a meting 舉行會議 163)hold up

舉起 164)hurry up 趕快，快點 165)enter for 報名參加 166)langht at 嘲笑 167)be used to 習(xí)慣于 168)used to 過去常常 169)wake…up 喚醒 170)work out 算出

二、動詞短語、介詞短語和其他詞組

1)ask for 向……要……，請求 2)ask for leave 請假 3)send for 派人去請(叫)4)pay for 付……的款 5)wait for

等候 6)thank for 為……感謝

7)apologize to sb.for sth.為某事向某人道歉

8)look for 尋找

9)leave…for

離開……去…… 10)fall off 跌落

11)catch a cold 著涼，傷風(fēng) 12)catch up with 趕上

13)agree with sb.贊成，同意某人的意見 14)filled……with 把……裝滿 15)tell sb.about sth.告訴某人某事 16)talk about 談?wù)摗?17)think about

考慮…… 18)worry about

擔(dān)憂…… 19)look after 照料

20)run after 追趕，跟在后面跑 21)read after 跟……讀 22)smile at 對……微笑 23)knock at 敲(門、窗)24)shout at 對……大喊(嚷)25)throw away 扔掉 26)work hard at 努力做…… 27)wait in line 排隊等候 28)change…into… 變成 29)hurry into… 匆忙進入 30)run into… 跑進 31)hear of 聽說 32)think of 認(rèn)為，考慮 33)catch hold of 抓住 34)instead of 代替…… 35)hand in 交上來 36)stay in bed 臥病在床 37)hear from 收到……來信 38)at once 立刻 39)at last 最后 40)at first 起先，首先

41)at the age of… 在……歲時

42)at the end of… 在……之末

43)at the beginning of… 在……之初 44)at the foot of…

在……腳下 45)at the same time 同時 46)at night/noon 在夜里/中午

47)with one's help 在某人的幫助下，由于某人的幫助

48)with the help of … 在……的幫助下 49)with a smile 面帶笑容 50)with one's own eyes 親眼看見 51)after a while 過了一會兒 52)from now on

從現(xiàn)在起

53)from then on 從那時起 54)far example 例如 55)far away from 遠離

56)from morning till night 從早到晚 57)by and by 不久 58)by air mail 寄航空郵件 59)by ordinary mail 寄平信 60)by the way 順便說 61)by the window 在窗邊 62)by the end of… 到……底為止 63)little by little 逐漸地 64)in all 總共 65)in fact 事實上

66)in one's twenties 在某人二十幾歲時 67)in a hurry 匆忙

68)in the middle of 在……中間 69)in no time(in a minute)立刻，很快 70)in time(on time)

及時

71)in public 公眾，公開地 72)in order to 為了……

73)in front of 在……前面 74)in the sun 在陽光下 75)in the end 最后，終于 76)in surprise 驚奇地 77)in turn 依次 78)of course 當(dāng)然 79)a bit(of)

有一點兒

80)a lot of 許多

81)on one's way to

某人在去……的路上

82)on foot 步行，走路

83)a talk on space 一個關(guān)于太空的報告 84)on the other hand 另一方面 85)at/on the weekend 在周末 86)on the left(right)在左(右)邊 87)on the other side of 在……另一邊 88)on the radio 通過收音機(無線電廣播)

89)to one's joy 使……高興的是 90)to one's surprise

使……驚訝的是

三、量詞詞組和其他詞組

(一)量詞詞組 1)a bit 一點兒

2)a few(of)一些(可數(shù))，幾個…… 3)a little

一些(不可數(shù))4)a lot of(lots of)

許多 5)a piece of 一張(一片，塊)6)a cup of

一茶懷 7)a glass of

一玻璃杯

8)a pile of(piles and piles of)一堆(一堆堆的)…… 9)a box of

一盒

10)a copy of

一份，一本 11)a bowl of

一碗 12)a basket of 一籃 13)a plate of

一盤 14)a bottle of

一瓶 15)a basin of 一臉盆 16)a set of 一套 17)a kind of 一種 18)a type of 一種類型的

19)a great deal of 非常多，大量的(不可數(shù)名詞)

20)a large(great)number of

非常多，大量的(可數(shù)名詞)

21)a great many 大量，許多(可數(shù)名詞)22)a different type of 一種不同型號的 23)a group of

一隊，一組，一群(二)其他詞組

1)all kinds of

各種各樣的

2)all over the world/the country 全世界/全國

3)all over 遍及每一部分，渾身 4)all one's life 一生 5)one after another

順次

6)the Children's Palace 少年宮 7)day after day 日復(fù)一日 8)up and down 上上下下 9)the day after tomorrow 后天

10)the day before yesterday 前天 11)the last/past two years(or so)最近兩年(左右)

12)the whole country/the whole world 全國/全世界

13)a moment ago 剛才 14)just now/then 剛才/那時

15)half an hour's walk 步行半小時的路程

16)late on 過后，后來

動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

（一）動詞是謂語動所表示的動作或情況發(fā)生時間的各種形式。英語動詞有16種時態(tài)，但是常用的只有9種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時。下面分別介紹。

1、一般現(xiàn)在時的用法

1）表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等時間狀語。例如： a.He goes to school every day.b.He is very happy.c.The earth moves around the sun.2)在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如： a.If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.b.When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.3)有時這個時態(tài)表示按計劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作（句中都帶有時間狀語），但限于少數(shù)動詞，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如：

a.The meeting begins at seven.b.The rain starts at nine in the morning.4)表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般現(xiàn)在進行時。

a.I like English very much.b.The story sound very interesting.5)書報的標(biāo)題、小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時。2.一般現(xiàn)在時的用法

1）表示過去某時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。a.He saw Mr.Wang yesterday.b.He worked in a factory in 1986.2)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 動詞原形”。I used to smoke.During the vacation I wouldm in the sea.注：”used to “ 表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)?！皐ould + In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.6.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時由 “have + 過去分詞其使用有兩種情況： 1）現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作在說話之前已完成，但對現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時間狀語。

He has gone to Fuzhou.He has been to Fuzhou.動詞（work, study, live, teach 等）用現(xiàn)在完成時與用現(xiàn)在完成時意思差不多。I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for three years.但多數(shù)動詞在這兩種時態(tài)表示不同意思 I have been writing a letter.注意：表示短暫動作的動詞（finish, marry, get up, come, go 等）不能用這種時態(tài)。

（二）動詞語態(tài)

動詞原形”沒有 “現(xiàn)在不再……”含義。另外“to be used to +名詞（動名詞）”表示“習(xí)慣于…..”

a.I am used to the climate here.b.He is used tomming in winter.3.一般將來時的用法

一般將來時表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。其表達形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 動詞原形 ”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進行的事。

It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.2）“be to + 動詞原形” 表示按計劃進行或征求對方意見。

The boy is to go to school tomorrow.Are we to go on with this work? 3)“be about to + 動詞原形” 表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為 be ready to do sth.后面一般不跟時間狀語。We are about to leave.4)go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用進行時態(tài)表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作。I’m leaving for Beijing.5)某些動詞(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般現(xiàn)在時也可表示將來。

The meeting starts at five o’clock.He gets off at the next stop.4.現(xiàn)在進行時的用法

1）現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，由“to be + 現(xiàn)在分詞” 構(gòu)成。另外，“系動詞 + 介詞或副詞” 也表示進行時的意義。What are you doing? The bridge is under construction.2）表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞（如have, be , here, se, like 等）一般不用進行。

5.過去進行時的用法

1）過去進行時過去某一時刻、某一階段正進行的動作，由 “ was(were)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

2)現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會持續(xù)下去常用 for 和since表示一段時間的狀語或so far , now, today, this wek(month, year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在內(nèi)的狀語。

He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.Now I have finished the work..注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞（如come, go , die, marry, buy 等）的完成時不能與for, since 等 表示一般時間的詞連用。3）現(xiàn)在完成進行時還可用時間和條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時完成的動作。I’ll go o your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.7．過去完成時的用法

1）過去完成時由“had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成。過去完成時的動作表示過去某一時刻或某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)。句中常用by, before, until, when 等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。

By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2)過去完成時的動詞還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或持續(xù)下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.8．過去將來時的用法

過去將來時表示從過去的某個時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時由 “should 或 would + 動詞原形” 構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should, 其他人稱用would.They were sure that they would succeed.9.現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法現(xiàn)在完成進行時由 “ have(has)+ been + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示現(xiàn)在以前一直進行的動作。有些

1． 當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式叫主動語態(tài)。句子的主語是動作承受者時，謂語的形式叫被動作語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞be + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be 表現(xiàn)出來。

1）一般現(xiàn)在時：You are required to do this.2）一般過去時：The story was told by her.3）一般將來時：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4）現(xiàn)在進行時：The road is being widened.5）過去進行時：The new tool was being made.6）現(xiàn)在完成時：The novel has been read.7）過去完成時：He said that the work had been finished.8）過去將來時：He said that the trees would be planted soon.2.一些特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

1）帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：The problem must be solved soon.2）帶不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：The room is going to be painted.The homework needs to be done with care.3)短語動詞的被動：

a.（不及物）動詞+介詞：若這類短語動詞是及物性的，則可用于被動語態(tài)中，如：laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。若這類短語動詞是不及物性的則不可用于被動語態(tài)中，如：book up, look down.等

b.（及物）動詞+副詞：bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等 c.動詞+副詞 +介詞：do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等

d.動詞+名詞+介詞：catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等

4)帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞在改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，賓語補足語保留在謂語后面。We always keep the classroom clean.(比較：The classroom is always kept clean.)5)主動形式表示被動意義的詞。常見的眾所周知…… 有人會說…..大家認(rèn)為…..有人相信……

there be 小結(jié)

1.基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：There be +主語 + 地點 /時間狀語。如： There is a computer in the 9.習(xí)慣用語：There is no good /use(in)doing sth.做某事沒有好處/用處；There is not a moment to lose.一刻也不能耽誤。例如：There is no good making friends with him.和他交朋友沒有什么好處。He is very ill.Send him to hospital.There's not a moment to lose.他病得厲害，把他送到醫(yī)有：

room.房間里有一臺電腦。There are 院去，一刻也不能耽誤。a.主動形式，這時動名詞同句中的主語有two TV plays every evening.每晚有兩場

動賓關(guān)系。

電視劇。

The children need looking after.2.主謂一致： 要采取就近一致原則，The windows wants /requires repairing.和*近be的主語一致。如： There is a This point deserves mentioning.pen, two rulers in the box.盒子里有一只b.有些及物動詞后須加副詞（如：well, 鋼筆，兩把尺子。There are two boys and a easily等），有些可不加，如： act, clean, teacher at the school gate.門口有兩個男cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, 孩，一個老師。

strike, wash, write 等。3.主語后的動詞形式：在there be 句型The cloth washes/ sells well.中，主語與動詞是主動關(guān)系時用現(xiàn)在分The door won’t shut.The play won’t act.詞；是被動關(guān)系時用過去分詞。如： c.形容詞worth后直接加動名詞時，如：There is a purse lying on the ground.地上The book is worth reading twice.有一個錢包。There are five minutes left 某些作表語的形容詞后，用不定式主動形now.現(xiàn)在還有5分鐘。

式表示被動意義。4.反意疑問句。反意疑問句應(yīng)與there beThe fish is not fit to eat.對應(yīng)，而不是依據(jù)主語。如：There is a d.某些感官動詞（如：feel, look, prove, radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一smell , sound, taste, wear等）與形容詞連臺收音機，是吧？ There are more than 用時：The water feels very cold.fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你The dish tastes delicious.們班有50多名學(xué)生，是吧？

6)以下動詞構(gòu)成的句子不能改為被動5.there be 與have的替換：there be表示句：

所屬時可與have替換。There is nothing a.動詞leave, enter, reach 等的賓語是表but a book in my bag.=I have nothing but a 示處所、地點（國家、團體，組織、軍隊）book in my bag.包里只有一本書。等。

6.there be后接不定式時常用主動形式b.表示狀態(tài)的動詞，如：become, benefit, 表示被動意義。如：There is a lot of work cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, to do.有許多工作要做。注意：當(dāng)該句型mean, suit, look like等。

主語是something, anything, nothing等不c.下列不及物動詞及短語：appear, belong 定代詞時，后面的不定式用主動形式或被to , break out, die, happen, lie, occur, rise, 動形式，意義各不同。There is nothing to take place, agree with, belong to, consist of , do.沒有事可做。There is nothing to be have on, keep up with 及一些固定詞組，done.沒有辦法(束手無策)。

如 keep words, lose heart, make a face等。7.與其它詞連用，構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。如：d.賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源代There may be a rain this afternoon.今天下詞，不定式，動名詞，抽象名詞等。午可能有雨。There used to be a cinema 7）漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語here before the war.戰(zhàn)爭之前，這兒有一中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如： 家電影院。

據(jù)說……

8.變體 there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be有時可希望…… 用live, stand, remain等代替。如：Once 據(jù)推測說… there lived a king who cared more about 必須承認(rèn)…… new clothes than anything else.從前有位必須指出… 國王喜歡新服勝過別的任何東西。

第二篇：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)教案專題

動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)教案

徐紅平2012-9動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)

目標(biāo)：1.掌握英語的八種基本時態(tài)和幾種常考時態(tài)

2.了解并熟練掌握高考的幾種熱點時態(tài)

3.區(qū)分并正確運用幾種易混時態(tài)

一、英語的常見時態(tài)：

一般

進行

完成完成進行

現(xiàn)在

一般現(xiàn)在時

現(xiàn)在進行時

現(xiàn)在完成時

現(xiàn)在完成進行時

過去

一般過去時

過去進行時

過去完成時

過去完成進行時

將來

一般將來時

將來進行時

將來完成時 /

過去將來

過去將來時

/ / /

練兵場——穩(wěn)操勝券

1.Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026 ______ off at 18∶20.A.takes

B.took

C.will be taken

D.has taken 答案 A 解析: 飛機、火車等按時刻表運行，表達時用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。

2.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.She_before.A.hasn’t flown

B.didn’t fly

C.hadn’t flown

D.wasn’t flying

答案 C 解析: hadn’t flown動作發(fā)生在was nervous之前。

3.My cousin went to Canada two years ago.He ______ there for a few months and then went to America.A.worked

B.would work

C.would be working

D.has been working 答案 A 解析: 考查一般過去時的基本用法。句中并列連詞and連接兩個發(fā)生在過去的順承的動作，時態(tài)應(yīng)該一致。

4.--Your job ______ open for your return.--Thanks.A.will be kept

B.will keep

C.had kept

D.had been kept 答案 A 解析: keep the job/the position open使工作、職位等處于空缺狀態(tài)，由句意“隨時歡迎你回來工作”可知用將來時。

5.--______ you ______ him around the museum yet?--Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have;shown

B.Do;show C.Had;shown

D.Did;show 答案 A 解析: 此處表示說話者詢問對方“有沒有帶領(lǐng)他參觀博物館”的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。6.--I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.--Impossible.She ______ TV with me in my home then.A.watched

B.had watched

C.would watch

D.was watching 答案 D 解析: 考查動詞時態(tài)。句意為：“我昨晚8點鐘在公園看見簡和她男朋友了！”“不可能。她當(dāng)時正在我家和我一起看電視?！贝颂帟r間狀語為then，指的是at eight yesterday evening，指過去某一時間點正在進行的動作，故應(yīng)用過去進行時態(tài)。7.The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time.A.sold

B.had been sold

C.were sold

D.would sell 答案 C 解析: 由“were so...”可知此處用一般過去時態(tài)；flowers應(yīng)該是“被賣光”，故用被動形式。8.--What’s that noise?

--Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine ______.A.was tested

B.will be tested C.is being tested

D.has been tested 答案 C 解析: 根據(jù)一對一的問答可知，“機器正在被檢測”，故選C項。

9.In a room above the store，where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held

B.has been held C.will be held

D.is being held 答案 A 解析: 考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。根據(jù)“some workers were busily setting the table”判斷，聚會還沒舉行，應(yīng)用將來時態(tài)，且整個句子用了過去時，故用過去將來時態(tài)。10.--I have got a headache.--No wonder.You ______ in front of that computer too long.A.work

B.are working

C.have been working

D.worked 答案 C 解析: 考查動詞的時態(tài)。由“I have got a headache”可知，空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作“從過去開始持續(xù)至今且還會進行下去”，體現(xiàn)過去開始的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響及結(jié)果。

二、熱點時態(tài): 一般過去時，現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時，過去進行時 1.I ______ you not to move my dictionary--now I cannot find it.A.asked

B.ask

C.was asking

D.had asked 2.--The window is dirty.--I know.It ____ for weeks.A.hasn’t cleaned B.didn’t clear C.wasn’t cleaned D.hasn’t been cleaned 3.She was surprised to find the fridge empty;the child _____ everything!A.had been eating

B.had eaten

C.have eaten

D.have been eating 4.--Has Sam finished his homework today?

--I have no idea.He ______ it this morning.A.did

B.has done

C.was doing

D.had done 5.--Have you decided already?

--Yes, I______ at once.--Yes, I______ already.A.have decided

B.decided

C.will decide

D.had decided

三、易混時態(tài)辨析: 1.一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時

1).Listen to the two girls by the window.What language ____ they _______(speak)? 2).I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.A.will play

B.have played

C.played

D.play 一般現(xiàn)在時指經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作；而現(xiàn)在進行時則表示此刻或近一段時間正在進行的動作。

2.一般過去時和過去進行時

1).He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it.A.wrote;has finished

B.was writing;has finished C.was writing;had finished

D.wrote;will finish

過去進行時表當(dāng)時正在進行而尚未完成的動作或狀態(tài)。2).As she _______ the newspaper, Granny _______ asleep.A.read;was falling

B.was reading;fell

C.was reading;was falling

D.read;fell

長動作在進行時,被一個短動作打斷,長動作用進行體,短動作用一般體。一般過去時表示一個已經(jīng)完成的動作或過去習(xí)慣性的動作，過去進行時表示過去某時正在進行的動作，具有持續(xù)和未完成的含義。3.一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時

1).I _______(live)there for six years when I was a kid.2).He ________ abroad for ten years and now he is used to the life in Beijing.A.has lived

B.had lived

C.lived

D.was living 3).When I was at college I _______ three foreign languages but I ________ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten

B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoken;had forgotten

D.had spoken;have forgotten 二者所表示動作均發(fā)生在過去。一般過去時僅指動作在過去發(fā)生了，對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；現(xiàn)在完成時的動作雖發(fā)生在過去，但影響到現(xiàn)在仍然存在。

四、挑戰(zhàn)高考——信心滿滿

1.Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your seat belts.The plane ______.A.takes off

B.is taking off

C.has taken off

D.took off 答案 B 解析: 考查動詞的時態(tài)。動詞go，come，leave及詞組take off等用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。

2.John，a friend of mine，who got married only last week，spent $ 3，000 more than he ______ for the wedding.A.will plan

B.has planned

C.would plan

D.had planned 答案 D 解析: plan表示的動作發(fā)生在spend這一過去動作之前，故應(yīng)該用過去完成時。句意為：我的朋友約翰上周結(jié)婚了，婚禮花去了3 000美元，超過了原計劃。3.--Did you see a man in black pass by just now?--No, sir.I ______ a newspaper.A.read

B.was reading C.would read

D.am reading 答案 B 解析: 由just now判斷應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)，又由語境“穿黑衣服的人路過時，我正在看報，所以沒看見他”知空處要用過去進行時。

4.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ______ there several years ago.A.are going

B.had been

C.went

D.have been 答案 C 解析: 句中several years ago是一般過去時的標(biāo)志。5.--Have you got any job offers?--No.I ______.A.waited

B.had been waiting

C.have waited

D.am waiting 答案 D 解析: 句意為：“有人給你提供工作了嗎？”“沒有，我正在等著?！庇矛F(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)表示正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

6.When you are home, give a call to let me know you ______ safely.A.are arriving

B.have arrived

C.had arrived

D.will arrive 答案 B 句意: 當(dāng)你到家的時候，打電話給我讓我知道你已經(jīng)到家了。

解答：根據(jù)選項此題考察時態(tài)。此題可以根據(jù)句意也可以使用排除法。句意為“當(dāng)你到家的時候，打電話給我讓我知道你已經(jīng)到家了”B選項使用現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來完成，譯為“已經(jīng)??”。同時也可以使用排除法，arrive既可以使用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來也可以用will + do表示將來，因此A和D同時排除，C為過去完成時，使用過去完成時時句中一定要有一般過去時，過去完成時是過去的過去，因此C也排除，選擇B.7.--Tommy is planning to buy a car.--I know.By next month, he _______ enough for a used one.A.saves

B.saved

C.will save

D.will have saved 答案 D 解析: 考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為“——Tommy將計劃買車。——我知道，到下個月為止，他積攢的錢足夠買一輛舊車了?！眀y next month是將來完成時的標(biāo)志，全句表示在將來next month之前完成“積攢足夠錢”的動作，對將來的時間next month產(chǎn)生影響，能買一輛舊車。故選D。

8.--That must have been a long trip.--Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there.A.takes

B.has taken

C.took

D.was taking 答案 C 解析: 考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為“——那一定是長途旅行?！堑?，我們花了整整一周時間才趕到那兒?！鳖}干中must have done是對過去的肯定推測，提示時間在過去，描述過去的情況，排除A和B，D項was taking進行時態(tài)表將來，但事實上事情已發(fā)生，這與題意不符，因此選C。

9.When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ______ there.A.had been lying

B.has been lying

C.was lying

D.has lain 答案 A 解析: 考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為“當(dāng)Alice蘇醒過來時，她不知道她在那兒躺了多久了?！边^去完成進行時主要表示持續(xù)到過去某時之前的動作。came to蘇醒過來是過去時，蘇醒前的情況是過去的過去，強調(diào)過去的過去里發(fā)生的事，故選A。

10.Planning so far ahead _ no sense--so many things will have changed by next year.A.made

B.is making

C.makes

D.has made 答案 C 解析: 考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為“計劃這么超前毫無意義—到明年許多事情會發(fā)生變化的?！鼻熬浔硎粳F(xiàn)在的情況make no sense，后句表示到將來會產(chǎn)生的后果will have changed。一般現(xiàn)在時表示主語的特征或狀態(tài)。is making和has made表示具體的動作過程，故不選。因此選C。

第三篇：英語時態(tài)語態(tài)

英語時態(tài)語態(tài)、主謂一致練習(xí)

l.Last week two engineers_______ to help solve the technical problems of the project.A)have sent

B)were sent

C)sent

D)had sent 2.She was quite sure that she _____ the door before she left the office.A)will lock

B)would lock

C)has locked

D)had locked 3.Now the air pollution in this city _____ more and more serious with each passing day.A)to become

B)became

C)becoming

D)is becoming 4.Since the new technology was introduced last month, we________ in speeding up production.A)succeed

B)succeeded

C)have succeeded

D)will succeed 5.By the time you get to the office I _______ all the documents for the meeting.A)was preparing

B)prepared

C)had prepared

D)will have prepared 6.As he _______to submit the accounting report before 4:30 pm, the assistant hurried to Mr.Smith's office.A)was required

B)had required

C)requires

D)required 7.The team is going out to hold a party tomorrow after it______ the project.A)completes

B)completed

C)will complete

D)will have completed 8.By the end of next year, I ____ for the company for 10 years.A)work

B)am working

C)had worked

D)will have worked 9.According to the time table, the train for Beijing ______ at 9:10 p.m.from Monday to Friday.A)was leaving

B)is leaving

C)leaves

D has left 10.We don't have to hurry as the bus _____ for London at five in the evening.A)leaves

B)left

C)has been leaving

D)has left

第四篇：2014年中考英語動詞的時態(tài)

2014年中考英語動詞的時態(tài)

【2014銅仁】—Where is Mr.Zhao?

—He ______ to Mount Fanjing.He’ll come back ______ a week.A.has been;inB.has gone;after

C.has gone;inD.has been;after

【答案】A

【2014河北】I’m busy now.I ______ to you after school this afternoon.A.talkB.talkedC.will talkD.have talked

【答案】C

【2014黃岡】—I suppose you are at least 60 years old.—Thank you.I’m glad you ______ that.My real age is 362.A.sayB.saidC.are sayingD.were saying

【答案】B

【2014連云港】Beijing and Zhangjiakouapplying to host the 2022 Winter OlympicGames in 2013.A.beginB.beganC.have begunD.had begun

【答案】B

【2014長沙】—Your brother is an excellent basketball player.—So he is.He to play basketball three years ago.A.has startedB.startsC.started

【答案】C

【2014長沙】Little Tom computer games when his mother got home.A.is playingB.playsC.was playing

【答案】C

【2014河北】44.I saw Ken in the meeting room, he ______ Joe for the school magazine.A.interviewsB.interviewed

C.has interviewedD.was interviewing

【答案】D

【2014河北】42.Monica, you ______ the exam!Congratulation!

A.passB.have passedC.will passD.are passing

【答案】B

【2014河北】Someone ______ at the door.Can you open it?

A.knocksB.knockedC.is knockingD.was knocking

【答案】C

【2014達州】—Have you ever _______ an amusement park?

—Yes, I have.I ______ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.A.been to, have gone toB.gone to, have been t o

C.go to, went toD.been to, went to

【答案】DX kB1.cOM

【2014河南】24.—Are you going anywhere?

—I _______ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.A.thinkB.have thoughtC.will thinkD.thought

【答案】D

【解析】 考查時態(tài)的用法。本題句意為：你要去一些地方嗎？我??看望我姐姐，但我改變了主意。根據(jù)答語后半句“I have changed my mind”及邏輯推理可知，我原本考慮 去看望我姐姐，但后來由改變了主意，所以答語前半句表示的是過去考慮好的事情，故應(yīng)是一般過去時態(tài)。故選D項。

【2014河南】33.—Does the bus go to the beach?

—No.You _______ the wrong way.You want the Number 11.A.goB.were goingC.are goingD.would go

【答案】C

【解析】 考查時態(tài)的用法。本題句意為：公交車去沙灘嗎？不去。你??錯路了。你想乘11路車。根據(jù)句意及答語后句中的“want the Number 11”可推知，問路人還沒有乘坐公交車，所以此處應(yīng)用一般將來時態(tài)表達。故選C項。

【2014陜西】On May 22, a Han taxi driver _______ an old lady to the hospital as soon as hecould in Xinjiang.A.sentB.sendsC.is sendingD.has sent

【答案】A

【2014黔西南州】I _______ my hometown for a long time.I really miss it.A.leftB.went away fromC.have leftD.have been away from

【答案】D

【2014北京】—What do you often do at weekends?

—I often _______ my grandparents.A.visitB.visitedC.have visitedD.will visit

【答案】A

【2014北京】—What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon?I ______ the classroom.A.was cleaning B.have cleaned C.will clean D.clean

【答案】A

【2014北京】He _____ in this factory for 20 years already.A.will workB.worksC.has workedD.is working

【答案】C

【2014南京】—Lily, why are you still here?School is over for half an hour.—Because I ______ my task yet.I still need one more hour.A.won’t finishB.didn’t finishC.haven’t finishedD.hadn’t finished

【答案】C

【2014鄂州】— A new shop _______ for a week nearby.Let’s have a look there.— Good idea.But it doesn’t ______ on Mondays.A.opened;openedB.has been opened;open

C.has opened;openedD.has been open;open

【答案】D

【2014揚州】—Has your friend completed his design?

—Not yet.He _______ on it last night.A.workedB.has workedC.is workingD.was working

【答案】D

【2014揚州】—Where is Mr.Wang?

—He together with his students _______ Zhuyuwan Park.A.has gone toB.have gone toC.has been toD.have been to

【答案】A

【2014揚州】—When will A Bite of China II begin tonight?

—It _______ for ten minutes.A.will beginB.has begunC.will be onD.has been on

【答案】D

【2014湖北咸寧】—Do you know Diaoyu Island?

—Sure.It ______ China since ancient times.A.belongs toB.belonged to

C.has belonged toD.is belonging to

【答案】C

【2014重慶市A】—Where is your father?

—He ______ the World Cup in the living room.A.is watchingB.watchesC.watchedD.will watch

【答案】A

【2014重慶市A】In Chongqing, you can often see many pe ople dance outside together if it______ in the evening.A.rainsB.doesn’t rainC.will rainD.won’t rain

【答案】B

【2014安徽】Mr.Wang has left for Guangzhou.He ______ a speech there in two days.A.givesB.gaveC.will giveD.has given

【答案】C

【2014安徽】As we all know, the Silk Ro ad ______ China to the west in ancient times.A.connectsB.connectedC.will connect D.is connecting

【答案】B

【2014重慶市B】—Where is Linda? I can’t find her anywhere.—She ______ the flowers in the garden.A.watersB.is wateringC.wateredD.has watere d

【答案】B

【2014杭州】After Steven sent some e-mails, he ______ surfing the Internet.A.startsB.has startedC.will startD.started

【答案】D

【2014天津】Robots _____more heavy work for us in the future.A.will doB.didC.have doneD.were doing

【答案】A

【2014天津】—____ you ever_____ the new Minyuan Stadium?

—No, I haven’t.A.Do;visitB.Have;visitedC.Did;visitD.Are;visiting

【答案】B

【2014廣州】Be quiet!The st udents ______ aphysics test in the next room.A.hadB.have hadC.were havingD.are having

【答案】D

【2014宜賓】Look!The police ______ the food onto the bank of the river.A.am carryingB.is carryingC.are carryingD.are carried

【答案】C

【2014呼和浩特】My husband always ______ me flowers every week before we got married, butnow he never _______.A.sends;doesB.sent;doesC.was going to send;doD.sent;do

【答案】B

【2014南昌】—You’re in a hurry.Where are you going?

—To the cinema.Sue _______ for me outside.A.waitsB.waitedC.is waitingD.was waiting

【答案】C

【2014南昌】—Mr.Li will che ck our homework this afternoon.______ you ______ it? —Not yet.I'm doing it right now.A.Do;finishB.Had;finishedC.Will;finishD.Have;finished

【答案】D

【2014蘇州】—Do you think grandpa and grandma _______ late?

—No, the train is usually on time.A.wereB.will beC.wasD.have been

【答 案】B

【2014甘肅白銀】I want to know if an English Singing Competition ______ next month.A.will holdB.will be heldC.holdsD.is held

【答案】B

【2014甘肅白銀】The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _______ sm aller and smaller.A.becomeB.are becomingC.is becomingD.have become

【答案】C

【2014甘肅白銀】She ______ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.A.marriedB.has been marriedC.got marriedD.has got married

【答案】B

【2014甘肅白銀】It only _______ me half an hour _______ to school every day last term.A.takes;ridingB.spent;to rideC.cost;walkD.took;to walk

【答案】D

【2014寧波】—Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?

—No, because I _______ the story.A.readB.will readC.have readD.was reading

【答案】C

【2014臨沂】Turn off the water while you _______ your teeth or washing your hands.A.were brushingB.brushC.are brushingD.brushed

【答案】C

【2014湖州】—The Amazing Spider Man 2 is on these days.It’s fantastic.—Really? But I _______ it yet.A.didn’t seeB.won’t s eeC.haven’t seeD.is not seeing

【答案】C

【2014溫州】Alice likes doing housework.She _______ her room every afternoon.A.cleansB.cleanedC.will cleanD.has cleaned

【答案】A

【2014嘉興】Tom _______ the piano every day when he was in primary school.A.playsB.playedC.was playingD.has played

【答案】B

【2014麗水】Hurry up!The sky is covered with black clouds.I’m afraid it _______.A.rainsB.is going to rainC.rainedD.was raining

【答案】B

【2014紹興】—So you have watched the action movie, haven’t you?

—Yes.I _______ it with my parents in Lu Xun Theater.A.watchB.watchedC.w ill watchD.am watching

【答案】B

【2014臺州】—Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

—Not yet.I _______ it this year.A.visitedB.have visitedC.was visitingD.will visit

【答案】D

【2014泰安】—Can you find our city _______ a lot in recent years?

—Yes.The road is wider and the buildings are taller.A.has changedB.changesC.changedD.will change

【答案】A

【2014威?！俊猈hen will Diana arrive?

—Oh, she _______.She is in the meeting room now.A.arrivesB.is arrivingC.arrivedD.has arrived

【答案】D

【2014濱州】—Jim isn’t in the classroom.Where is he now?

—He _______ the library.A.will go toB.has been toC.has gone toD.goes to

【答案】C

【2014菏澤】—Have you finished your homework yet?

—Yes.I _______ it twenty minutes ago.A.have studiedB.studiedC.will studyD.had studied

【答案】B

【2014菏澤】Look, so many people are running out of the station.I wonder what _______.A.is happenedB.was happeningC.is happeningD.had happened

【答案】C

【2014聊城】—May I speak to Ann?

—Sorry, she isn’t in.She _______ France.A.has gone toB.has been toC.was going toD.goes to

【答案】A

【2014濰坊】—Are Betty and Lingling still living in B eijing?

—No, they _______ to Qingdao.A.will moveB.are movedC.have just movedD.move

【答案】C

第五篇：動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)查漏補缺練習(xí)

動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)查漏檢測

1.—Have they got our car repaired?

— I don’t know.But it _____ when I called them yesterday.A.was repairingB.was repairedC.was being repairedD.had been repaired2.— Joe, don’t forget to bring your laptop with you

tomorrow, OK?

— Oh, thank you.I wouldn’t bring it if you _____ me.A.wouldn’t remindB.haven’t reminded

C.hadn’t remindedD.shouldn’t have reminded 3.The manager got to the company in a hurry, only to find that he _________ his laptop back at home.A.would leaveB.was leavingC.has leftD.had left

4.She could have been in time for the interview, but her flight ________.A.was delayingB.had been delayed C.has delayedD.was delayed

5.The train we ________ for so long was crowded, so we decided to catch a later one.A.have been waitingB.were waiting C.had been waitingD.have waited

6.Would you please keep silent? The news that the milk contains a harmful chemical ______ and I want to listen.A.has been broadcastB.is broadcast C.is being broadcastD.is broadcasting 7.— I am crazy about English now.— But I still remember how you A.hateB.have hated C.hatedD.had hated 8.When I ________home, I caught a thief stealing from a passer-by.A.headedB.was headingC.has headedD.had headed

9.She was young.A.was playingB.played

C.has playedD.had played

10.Do you think that bridge doesn’t appear long.A.measures;thatB.is measured;so C.is measured;suchD.measures;much

—The environment of this restaurant is very nice.—I can’t agree more.My friend_________ the right place.A.recommendsB.recommendedC.had recommendedD.was recommending 12.—Where did you get the breaking news? —It _________ in the newspapers.A.publishedB.is being published C.would publishD.has been published 13.— We thought he would have got the job.— What a pity!He ______too nervous when interviewed.A.was B.had been C.has been D.would have been 14.—Have they got our car repaired?

—I don’t know.But it ____ when I called them yesterday.A.would repairB.was repairedC.had repairedD.was being repaired

15.During the last three decades, the number of peopleparticipating in physical fitness programs ______ sharply.A.was risingB.has risen C.had risenD.will be rising

17.— Where did you go on National Day?

— Jiuzhai Valley.I _________ to go to France, but the expense was too high.A.plannedB.would planC.have plannedD.had planned

18.—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain

yesterday?

—No, but we ______to get in touch with them ever

since.A.have triedB.had triedC.have been tryingD.had been trying

19.—Hey!Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me

that I have won the first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.—Delete it!It' s a trick.Many a person ______by such tricks.A.has been cheatedB.have been cheated C.were cheatedD.was cheated

20.According to the press，nothing but some

fingerprints _______ left in the broken-in store.A.has been foundB.has foundC have been foundD.have found

21.Over the past month, Chinese cinema ________ the great success of the low-budget film Lost in Thailand.A.witnessesB.has witnessedC.would witnessD.had witnessed

22.They us about that;otherwise we would have prepared ahead of time.A.don't informB.haven't informed C.didn't informD.hadn't informed

23.Up to now, our society _______with limited living space and a shortage of natural resources.A.has been challengedB.is being challenged C.is challengingD.has challenged 24.---Remember the first time we met?

---Sure.You _____ in the supermarket.A.shoppedB.have shoppedC.had shoppedD.were shopping 25.—What are you doing, John?

— I _____the English words all the morning, but I still can’t remember them.A.have been recitingB.recitedC.was recitingD.have recited 26.“It isn' t the first time I______at home,” he said

frankly.A.had spoiledB.have spoiledC.had been spoiledD.have been spoiled

27.This is a promising company as its employees

_______ to think outside the box and develop creative solutions.A.encourageB.have encouragedC.were encouragedD.are encouraged

28.I apologize if my son ______ you, but I am sure that he didn’t mean to.A.hurtsB.hurtC.has hurtD.had hurt

29.Shakespeare’s play Hamletinto at least ten different films over the past years.A.had been madeB.was madeC.has been madeD.would be made