第一篇：中西電影文化對比論文(英文版)

If we consider the western movie culture’s development is a development of technology, we can also call the development of Chinese movie as a development of thought.We can see so many differences between them from every aspect.At first, the themes of the films are different.We can see almost everything from the film, sometimes directors convey not only one thought, and some others try to discuss problems which should be thought by us carefully.But for Chinese films, themes seems more realistic——the family, friendships, love, conflicts, betray… Chinese movies focus more on the society but not the individuality.they want to express some common phenomenon or current affairs in their movies.To sum up, Chinese movies are more emotional, while western movies are more logical.That’s because our Chinese always focus on morality, and western people tend to analyses things with science.Another difference is the technology.In fact we always cannot believe that our country can release a marvel movie like the Lord of the Ring, because we don’t have such technology.Though since Hollywood movies began to be familiar to us, we started to learn from them.Hollywood movies care more about their special effects, and they will pay a large part of their fees to make it more real.That means from those movies, we can see another world we haven’t imagined!For the lack of technology, Chinese movies only can compete against with them by plots.However, Chinese movies nowadays seem never care about how terrible their plots are.Good stories are rare, but we have.Just like Farewell My Concubine, its value can also be appreciated by foreigners.That’s a typical Chinese movie which shows an age for us.The western movies always have a style of individuality.That’s what different from us.We always have awareness that all of us are a group, while western advocate the individualistic heroism.So many superhero movies such as Superman, Batman, they praise the perfect and adventurous mind of heroes.For China, we have different conception for hero——hero is who can sacrifice themselves in the danger and never give in to evil, even though he is a common people.So that we have lots of movies described the life of common people, they may be not handsome, not rich, not so strong, even have some bad habits, but they have their principles, and strive to fight with fate.Despite those factories, we can also see something from the western directors.They always find some new ways to express them.From the silent movie to sound movie, from the black-and-white movie to color movie, from real characteristics to roles who created by computer.All of those revolutions mean their creative minds.Some classical movies maybe very old-fashioned now, but for the age they produced, they pioneered the age.We just lack such ideas.That’s why our movies falls now, since we always imitate those movies which surprised us, but seldom create a completely new Chinese style movie.We also have so many things to learn.To learn from western movies, isn’t mean give up our traditional ideas.In fact, now more and more foreigners begin to be interested in Chinese culture, and put them into their movies, most of them caught world’s eyes, like Kung Fu Panda, Mulan.The cross cultural exchange in movies proves that our traditions are still alive and popular.That’s also a suggestion that Hollywood needs more themes that now.People may feel tired about western movies, and they are also searching a new way.The foreign culture seems a great way to convey more interesting thoughts for people.Hollywood can learn from us, and we also can learn from them.Some movies such as Guasha , they discussed the problems and differences between Chinese and western, give a new view about the cultural fusion.Through simple but interesting family stories, make us have a new conception about Chinese in America.That’s also a creative thought which we study from western.To find the ideas about other cultures, is a chance to understand foreign culture, also a way to complete our own culture.

第二篇：中西家庭教育對比論文 (精選)

中西家庭教育對比

【摘要】近幾年來，隨著素質(zhì)教育的深入人心，家庭教育已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今社會關(guān)注的一個熱點，是千萬家庭的切身利益和迫切需求。因為，良好的家庭教育直接關(guān)系到了孩子的素質(zhì)和品行，更關(guān)系到祖國的未來。它是科教興國和可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要組成部分，就中國目前來看，家庭教育的發(fā)展態(tài)勢良好，一大批家長、學(xué)校創(chuàng)造了成功的經(jīng)驗，更有許多學(xué)生家長主動學(xué)習(xí)家庭教育知識，教育觀念發(fā)生了深刻變化.但是盡管如此，家庭教育仍是一個薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，尤其是隨著西方教育思想的傳入，中國家長面對傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代家教思想，表現(xiàn)出無所適從的無奈。因此，對于開展家庭教育，既是機遇，又是挑戰(zhàn)。而且，中西家庭教育各有千秋，在不同方面，教育方法也不同，所以我們就需要深刻了解中西家庭教育的差異，取長補短，并且不失時機地推進家庭教育現(xiàn)代化，這樣中國的未來才具有不可估量的發(fā)展前景。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 家庭教育，中西，傳統(tǒng)，差異

從古至今，家庭教育在整個國家教育事業(yè)中起著重要的作用。鄧小平曾說過；“國家現(xiàn)代化的基礎(chǔ)在人才，人才的基礎(chǔ)在教育，教育的基礎(chǔ)在家庭。中國是一個重視家庭教育的國家。中國深厚的教育文化傳統(tǒng)中包含了優(yōu)秀的家庭教育成分。” 家庭教育、學(xué)校教育、社會教育是教育的三大支柱，三者缺一不可。如今，家庭教育業(yè)已成為當(dāng)今社會關(guān)注的一個熱點，是千萬家庭的切身利益和迫切需求。

不過在比較之前，我覺得我們應(yīng)該了解一下中西方國家的社會背景。眾所周知，中國是社會主義制度，而大多數(shù)西方國家是屬于資本主義制度。并且，歷史文化也是不同的，中國提倡儒家思想，西方國家提倡文藝復(fù)興。但是最重要的一點就是他們對家庭教育地位的態(tài)度也是不同的。在中國的傳統(tǒng)家庭里，家長的權(quán)威意識占主導(dǎo)地位，而西方文明則主要強調(diào)斗爭，平等，民主及人權(quán)。

當(dāng)然，家庭教育是人類的一種教育實踐。中西家庭教育還是有諸多共同之處。一般來說，它可以歸納于五點。

1、重視家庭教育。無論哪個國家，哪個民族都認(rèn)為家庭是一個人的第一所學(xué)校，而家長是第一位老師。無論是中國，還是西方國家，無論是古代、近代還是現(xiàn)代，家庭教育始終是處于最基礎(chǔ)的地位。

2、家教應(yīng)從小做起，及時施教?！额伿霞矣?xùn)》說：“父母施教，當(dāng)及嬰稚，識人顏色，知人喜怒，便加教誨?！币驗椤叭松仔?，精神專利，長成以后，思慮散逸，固須早教，勿失機也?！倍磐舱J(rèn)為家庭教育應(yīng)及早施行。

3、父母在教育角色上的分工。無論中西，在許多文化中母親均被描繪成是主要撫養(yǎng)者，父親則起有限的作用。父親是孩子知性教育的主要承擔(dān)者。母親則負(fù)責(zé)孩子的飲食起居，物質(zhì)保障，情感滿足等，是孩子情感培育的主要承擔(dān)者。其結(jié)果是孩子對父愛敬畏有余，親愛不足，使親子關(guān)系偏差，影響孩子的健全發(fā)展。

4、重視培養(yǎng)孩子熱愛求知的習(xí)慣，重視閱讀。古代的中國父母，一向深知這個道理，他們引導(dǎo)幼兒從小習(xí)讀四書五經(jīng)，諸子百家，激發(fā)其求知欲望。西方的父母也非常重視家庭閱讀，幼兒睡前必聽一段故事誦讀，這是西方家教的一項優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。

5、重視言傳身教。父母是孩子的模范，往往一個簡單的動作要比上萬句指令性的灌輸有效的多。

盡管如此，由于中西方地域的差異和各自文化的不同，使得中西傳統(tǒng)家教在更多的方面表現(xiàn)出各自的特色。據(jù)我所知，這大概涉及了十個方面。

1、教育傾向不同。

中國父母重社會教化，輕兒童成長。中國父母十分重視社會適應(yīng)性的教化，但卻常常忽視了從孩子達到身心發(fā)展的特點出發(fā)來促進其成長，他們往往按照既定的模式來培養(yǎng)子女，為他們的成長鋪設(shè)康莊大道，外鑠各種品行于子女。

西方父母更重視為子女提供一個可以與之抗?fàn)幍某砷L環(huán)境，并養(yǎng)成他們堅韌的個性和良好的品行，根據(jù)社會的變化和子女身心的特征不斷的調(diào)節(jié)、選擇自己的培養(yǎng)觀念和方式。

2、家庭教育價值觀不同

中國家庭教育職能是為中國傳統(tǒng)文化所強迫，傳統(tǒng)中國幾千年的儒家文化強調(diào)“修身、齊家、治國、平天下”。在此家國同構(gòu)的思維定向中，家庭教育被賦以直接的社會意義。此外，中國傳統(tǒng)的文化又將父母教育跟子女的個體成長與成就看作是直接相關(guān)的因果。中國父母十分看重人們對他們的教子方面作出的譽毀，認(rèn)為教子成材是他們的成就，而教子不善則臉面無光。教育的目的是為了謀生，為了臉面。

西方家庭教育則認(rèn)為教育的目的不是準(zhǔn)備謀生，而是準(zhǔn)備生存。他們所強調(diào)的“博雅教育”是具有一種塑造心智的價值，一種與功利的或職業(yè)的考慮無關(guān)的價值。

中國家庭的“比較”往往重學(xué)習(xí)，“比較”的方面較為單一，西方國家的家庭的“比較”往往注重全面的素質(zhì)，中國家庭的比較，常常愛拿自己孩子的優(yōu)點與他人孩子的缺點比較，使家長得以自慰；西方家庭的比較，往往能自省自己孩子的優(yōu)點和成功之處，不習(xí)慣于爭強好勝，論高低上下，中國的家庭在比較時往往想突出自己的形象，有意無意地貶低別人；西方家庭的比較往往注重自身的自尊、自重、自樂。

3、家庭主體觀與教育的相互性不同

中國傳統(tǒng)的家庭文化因襲著統(tǒng)治的模式，表現(xiàn)為家庭內(nèi)部的權(quán)威意識。強調(diào)服從和尊重，重視外部控制。在中國的傳統(tǒng)文化中，家庭的主要教育者是父母。中國父母的家長意識十分強烈。他們把孩子視為自己的獨有私人財產(chǎn)，看作是他們的附屬物。因此十分看重他們單方面的塑造，影響孩子的個性建構(gòu)。他們注意到自身的形象，忽視了孩子與成人的相互作用，忽視了相互影響的過程和全面性，使幼兒處于被動地位，無視幼兒個體的存在。

西方文明是以兒童為主體的，更強調(diào)個人的奮斗，強調(diào)平等、民主并尊重個人權(quán)利。西方父母把孩子視為家庭中的平等成員，尊重孩子的人格和尊嚴(yán)，能讓孩子獨立思考，自由選擇。他們尊重孩子的權(quán)利，不搞強迫教育。尊重孩子的自尊，主張孩子的天性發(fā)展，自然發(fā)展。父母的責(zé)任只在于發(fā)現(xiàn)并引導(dǎo)孩子的興趣和潛能。為孩子創(chuàng)造有利的環(huán)境，重視與孩子的交流，重視教育的相互性。西方家庭教育中父母不是孩子的主宰，而是孩子的朋友。

4、教育的重心不同

中國傳統(tǒng)文化所掌握的是生命與道德，所以十分重視生命、人倫。所以中國父母在教育上歷來以道德作為最高價值取向。中國人心目中的“好孩子”首先是一個懂事聽話的孩子，是指向群體的，人見人愛的。所以家長培養(yǎng)孩子修身養(yǎng)性，自我收斂，講求含蓄，強調(diào)等級觀念。中國家教的主要內(nèi)涵是“仁、義、禮、智、信、忠、恕”中國孩子從小得到的是歷史故事、倫理道德、忠孝節(jié)義的教導(dǎo)。兒童自幼耳濡目染的是冰冷的道德律令與清規(guī)戒律。自幼習(xí)讀的是《三字經(jīng)》、《弟子規(guī)》。

西方文化所掌握的則是知識，家庭對兒童主要是啟發(fā)對大自然的好奇心與想象力。知識的創(chuàng)造來自好奇心。所以借由引發(fā)對大自然的興趣，借由各種天馬行空的童話故事，讓孩子們具有廣大的想象空間，以有利于對知識的創(chuàng)造，他們以兒童的心理發(fā)展作為最高指向，培養(yǎng)孩子的興趣和創(chuàng)造力是西方家教的重心。

5、家庭本位與個人本位

中國傳統(tǒng)文化是以家庭為本位的，注重個人的職責(zé)與義務(wù)。這在加以價值取向上呈現(xiàn)出如下特點：（1）家庭的教育功能強化。子女教育是家庭生命延續(xù)的一部分，家庭教育還在于達到“家教持久”的目的，它是維持發(fā)展家庭社會政治地位，保存弘揚家庭文化的重要工具。

（2）教育以家庭利益為主要價值取向?！肮庾谝妗薄ⅰ肮庖T第”是讀書人的追求與目標(biāo)。個人利益與家庭利益是融為一體的。這與中國傳統(tǒng)文化的“永生觀”緊密相關(guān)。

西方文化以個人為本位，注重個人的自由和權(quán)利。在教育上表現(xiàn)為將受教育者放在突出地位，強調(diào)個性的培養(yǎng)。但是個體本位并不等于個人主義，更不等同于以孩子為中心，家庭呼喚有豐富個性的個人，是能駕御自我，控制自我，超越自我的，擁有完美人格和健全個性的真正現(xiàn)代意義上的現(xiàn)代個人，而不是自私自利，依賴性強的功利化的個人。

6、獨立意識的培養(yǎng)

中國家長在教育上所持的價值是為升學(xué)而學(xué)習(xí)，他們只要求孩子用心學(xué)習(xí)，其余全不用過問。使孩子從小養(yǎng)成依賴別人的習(xí)慣，在風(fēng)浪面前，變得束手無策，一旦失去幫助就會怨天尤人。西方父母注重從小就培養(yǎng)子女的獨立意識，在西方家庭可以看到，孩子像大人一樣，直呼來訪親朋好友的名字，大膽的發(fā)表自己的見解，參與家庭的討論。這樣獨立的個性使孩子走向社會時更注重個人的能力與奮斗。

7、情感教育與體罰

家庭教育不同于學(xué)校教育的一個重要特點是愛的教育。中國家庭中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的一個字是“不”、“不能”、“不行”、“不要”，中國集體教育除了用否定詞來指導(dǎo)孩子的行為外，還習(xí)慣于對孩子說“應(yīng)該”。西方家庭中經(jīng)常用鼓勵性的語言來表達父母對子女的贊賞。西方父母更注重個人素質(zhì)與情感溝通。家庭主要圍繞情感的構(gòu)建與培育而展開。

8、教育方法的不同

中國傳統(tǒng)的教育方法是照本宣科的灌輸式教育，強調(diào)死記硬背?！皟啥宦劥巴馐?，一心只讀圣賢書”。西方更強調(diào)孩子的“悟”。他們喜歡讓孩子親身厲行，去大自然中，去生活中探求知識。

9、理財教育

在中國，掙錢養(yǎng)家和管理錢財是大人的事，孩子離這些還很遠。他們沒錢時便伸手向父母要。即使是成家立業(yè)后還是可以的。

在西方，理財教育是家庭教育的一個分支。西方父母一般不會不正規(guī)、無計劃的給孩子錢，而是定期發(fā)給孩子一份固定基金。并幫助孩子樹立正確的理財意識，養(yǎng)成良好的理財習(xí)慣，還注重對金錢的基本品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)。

10、宗教思想與科學(xué)教育

雖然中國文化也是以宗教為開端的，但是在教育上我們更強調(diào)科學(xué)性?！吨腥A人民共和國義務(wù)教育法》明確規(guī)定：教育與宗教相分離。

西方的宗教傳統(tǒng)直到近代乃至現(xiàn)代仍保留著強大的勢力，它滲透到教育活動的各個方面，不僅是教育帶有濃厚的宗教色彩，更重要的是它賦予了西方教育以內(nèi)在的精神價值。

綜上所述，我們可以看出中西家庭教育傳統(tǒng)各有千秋，他們都是扎根于各自的傳統(tǒng)文化土壤中的。我們當(dāng)前遇到的家庭教育中的不良現(xiàn)象有很大一部分是由于具體教法的不妥而造成的。

因此，我們要一方面繼承和發(fā)揚中國古代家庭教育的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，另一方面汲取西方家教的精華，促進有中國特色的家庭教育的改革。在吸取我國優(yōu)秀民族文化的基礎(chǔ)上，將現(xiàn)代科學(xué)育人知識和方法，大力普及到千家萬戶，轉(zhuǎn)變家長的觀念，提高家長的自身素質(zhì)。

在這里我有幾點建議，主要包含4個方面：(1)首先是家庭教育觀念的現(xiàn)代化，摒棄陳舊教育觀念，與時俱進，跟上時代發(fā)展步伐?，F(xiàn)代家庭教育的內(nèi)容和方法科學(xué)化，以及教育手

段的現(xiàn)代化。建立現(xiàn)代家庭教育的機制，實現(xiàn)家庭教育管理的規(guī)范化。建立家庭教育的服務(wù)體系，做到保障措施制度化。

(2)確立家長在教育行為中的法制觀念，解決好家庭教育中依法治教的問題；增強家庭教育的民主意識，尊重孩子，平等溝通，改變簡單粗暴、壓制體罰等不良作風(fēng)；

(3)樹立新的家庭教育理念，把“教子做人”作為家庭教育的重中之重；利用親情教育的優(yōu)勢，開展個性化教育，發(fā)展孩子個性，為國家培養(yǎng)各種有用之才；采取鼓勵、引導(dǎo)、寬容的科學(xué)方法，耐心教育，不斷提高孩子自尊心、自信心和上進心；

(4)緊跟知識經(jīng)濟和信息時代的發(fā)展，進一步拓寬家庭教育思路，增強開放意識，提高家庭教育的適應(yīng)性；重視和解決“重智輕德”的教育傾向，促進智力因素與非智力因素教育的有機結(jié)合，教育孩子學(xué)會學(xué)習(xí)和求知；繼承中華民族優(yōu)秀家教傳統(tǒng)同時，也要面向世界，吸收引進外國思想文化精品，開展東西方家庭教育的交流。

【總結(jié)】 總之，中國的家庭教育和西方家庭教育有很大差異，各有優(yōu)劣，我們應(yīng)該祛除糟粕，取其精華。不失時機地推進家庭教育現(xiàn)代化，使教育世界化，各自取長補短，共同發(fā)展。

[1]鄧小平.鄧小平家庭教育的觀點及其啟示.《劍南文學(xué)：下半月》, 2010年第六期.211-211.[2]《中華人民共和國義務(wù)教育法》，1986年4月12日.第五十二號第四條.[3]張貴勇.《華爾街日報》，2011年3月3日.第三版

第三篇：中西電影文化比較(愛情觀)

愛情觀——中西電影之比較

愛情，是電影永恒的題材，甚至可以說是電影中最大的一個題材類型。無論是純潔正常的愛情亦或是猥瑣畸形的愛情，電影里皆有反映。

但由于民族文化、民族性格、歷史情況、生活環(huán)境等因素的不同，中國與西方的愛情觀念的差別在電影里亦得到淋漓盡致的體現(xiàn)。

首先，在戀愛與婚姻的關(guān)系上，中西方的認(rèn)識就是不同的。

中國人的戀愛離不開婚姻，可以說是更看重婚姻。電影《非誠勿擾》中有句經(jīng)典臺詞“一切不以結(jié)婚為前提的戀愛都是耍流氓”就很好地闡釋中國人的戀愛與婚姻的關(guān)系。中國人的愛情往往是以婚姻為前提的，戀愛關(guān)系確認(rèn)后的一段時間里就會選擇結(jié)婚。隨著時間的流逝，濃郁的愛情細(xì)化于生活的點滴。彼此習(xí)慣了對方，相愛變成了相知，夫妻間的情感往往變成一種融合了愛情和親情的復(fù)合感情。如此，相濡以沫，白頭到老。

與中國人相比，西方人更相信一見鐘情并樂于享受戀愛帶來的感覺，而不是婚姻帶來的束縛。西方的戀愛往往與婚姻無關(guān)。電影《初戀50次》的中，男主角亨利·羅斯（亞當(dāng)·桑德勒飾）一開始就是個不婚主義者，但卻極其喜愛享受戀愛，所以我們能看到他大大方方與形形色色的女人們在初識之時就能不斷表達愛意乃至發(fā)生各種風(fēng)流韻事，但很快又急于擺脫她們。

可以說，在愛情上，西方人只要求曾經(jīng)擁有，不要求天長地久。

其次，在愛情的表達方式上，中西方的方式也迥然不同。

中國男女表達愛情的方式歷來主張含蓄、拘謹(jǐn)、謹(jǐn)慎的。在古代中國的正常的婚姻嫁娶，必須是“父母之約，媒妁之言”，因而男女都被套上沉重的精神枷鎖，在愛情表達上只能是拘謹(jǐn)?shù)摹?/p>

不得不強調(diào)的是，受儒家文化影響，中國一貫重男輕女，女子一直被“三從四德”所壓迫，因而中國女性在愛情表達的含蓄性這一點上的表現(xiàn)尤為明顯。在《梁山伯與祝英臺》中，就算是具有反抗舊習(xí)俗精神的祝英臺，也只敢在完成學(xué)業(yè)后暗中委托師母轉(zhuǎn)遞給梁山伯玉扇墜、讓梁山伯去她家提親，而不敢當(dāng)面表明心意。

直至近代，雖然人人皆知自由戀愛，但對于許多中國人來說，向喜歡的人表達愛意前總猶豫再三。愛情最經(jīng)典的表達——“我愛你”，亦仍是比較難說出來。過于露骨的愛情表達方式，尤其是女子過于露骨的愛情表達方式，在西方很正常，但在中國，女子避免不了會遭受各種非議，輕則可能被指“這女孩一點都不矜持”，重則恐怕就背上了“不知廉恥”的罵名。

而西方人表達愛情的方式就顯得直白、開放得多了。西方人自古就特別崇尚愛情，很早就有了“平等愛情”“愛情至上”之說。西方男女交往相對自由，社會尊重自由戀愛，家庭干涉小。人們可以公開談?wù)撟约旱母星?，社會輿論對此也予以容忍和支持。人們在個人生活中對自己傾心的對象往往公開表露愛意，無須顧忌是否會遭到社會的輕視、是否會遭到道德批判、是否會被他人指指點點。

西方人，不管男女，經(jīng)常是第一次見面，眼光就離不開對方。往往會用直白的語言或是連綿不斷的甜言蜜語，乃至用更具體化的行動來表達愛意——《戀愛刺客》中，三個女子為一個男子大打出手。他們甚至?xí)榱诵膼鄣呐藳Q斗，比如電影《特洛伊》中麥尼勞斯和他的兄弟邁西尼國王阿伽門農(nóng)就為了海倫興兵討伐特洛伊，引發(fā)特洛伊木馬之戰(zhàn)。

中西方的愛情觀在一點上的差異尤其巨大——對性的看法。

中國的傳統(tǒng)觀念不僅羞于談愛情，更是恥于談性。中國的傳統(tǒng)婚姻是以生育為基礎(chǔ)，然后是婚姻，最后才是性愛。中國的傳統(tǒng)觀念是絕對反對非婚性行為的，認(rèn)為那樣是只求一時享樂不顧后果的行為，沒有婚姻做前提的性行為是道德敗壞的表現(xiàn)。而且，對女性的要求遠比男性苛刻。未婚先孕的女子，往往被人指指點點，未婚媽媽往往被人輕視，結(jié)婚時不是處女的女子往往更會背負(fù)“淫蕩”的罪名。男性頂多就戴上“花心”的頭銜。當(dāng)然，隨著社會的發(fā)展，中國的性愛觀念還是稍微開放了些。

而在西方，次序卻是完全顛倒的。西方人以性愛為基礎(chǔ)，然后是婚姻，最后才是生育。他們認(rèn)為性是生理要求，戀愛中的情侶發(fā)生性關(guān)系是親密的表現(xiàn)，屬正?，F(xiàn)象。在中國道德中所不齒的一夜情，在西方卻是很正常的事?！洞㏄RADA的惡魔》Andy Sachs（安妮·海瑟薇飾演）在有男朋友的前提下卻也能與自由作家Christian Thompson發(fā)生一夜情。歐美電影電視劇中性愛場景的尺度也遠比中國來得大得多，就像《Lie to me》，其中不僅男女關(guān)系混亂，其開放尺度也不是中國廣電局所能允許的吧。

通過中西方電影中的愛情觀的比較，我們可以看出中西方愛情觀相差甚遠：西方人重視戀愛，中國人重視婚姻而輕視戀愛；西方人的愛情表達方式直白而熱烈，中國講究含蓄委婉；西方人對待性觀念隨意自由，中國則比較保守。

我個人覺得中國在對待男性與女性的愛情公平程度方面，應(yīng)該向西方學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)其男女平等的觀念，才能有利于雙方在平等和相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展真摯的感情。我們也可以借鑒西方愛情觀中的某些成分，如重視婚姻的同時也要重視戀愛，重視戀人間的言語溝通，男女都敢于主動追求幸福的愛情生活。至于其他方面，沒什么好強求的，環(huán)境不同，觀念不同，自然就“如人飲水，冷暖自知”了。

第四篇：中西電影論文比較(動畫)

中西動漫文化（音樂）比較

動漫作為動畫與漫畫的結(jié)合體，兩者有著緊密的關(guān)系。其實動漫大多都從漫畫中發(fā)展出來的。其中，動漫作為熒屏上出現(xiàn)的漫畫，具有色彩豐富，十足動感，當(dāng)然是少不了音樂啦。音樂作為動漫的不可缺少的部分，具有引人入勝，將情節(jié)適當(dāng)推向高潮，觸動人們情感等等。動漫音樂一般會有片頭曲，片尾曲，插曲等，對于動畫連續(xù)劇還會有劇場版主題曲等。其中心會有多種，有熱血型、感傷型、催淚型、肝腸寸斷型等等。

東西方動畫的發(fā)展以西方動畫發(fā)展為先，而隨著時間的推移，全球化的發(fā)展，東方的動畫也呈現(xiàn)出勃勃的生機，尤其以日本的動畫最為成熟。最經(jīng)典的當(dāng)屬。獲得第75屆奧斯卡最佳動畫長片獎，第52屆柏林國際電影節(jié)金熊獎的《千與千尋》。對于東西方動畫音樂的配樂，西方的迪斯尼動畫影片無疑是具有很好的代表性。迪斯尼動畫大都從周圍的文化中尋找創(chuàng)意的源泉，比如《阿拉丁》改編自神話故事《天方夜譚》，《大力士》改編于希臘神話，還有我們大家都熟悉的故事《花木蘭》。當(dāng)然還有別具一格的音樂讓那些古老的故事變得分外耀眼，獨樹一幟。它抓住了人們對于文化娛樂和文化消閑的強烈需求，輕松幽默地滿足了人們的這一需求?？催^迪斯尼動畫影片的人都知道其帶給我們最大的影響就是歡樂，原來一些題材中的恐怖和危險的元素在迪斯尼的動畫里消失的無影無蹤，比如在《木偶奇遇記》中，皮諾曹的爸爸被鯨魚吞到肚子里，本來血腥的內(nèi)容，變?yōu)槠ぶZ曹的爸爸樂觀地在鯨魚的肚子里釣魚吃?！痘咎m》戰(zhàn)場上大戰(zhàn)匈奴，本來要激烈兇險的戰(zhàn)斗場面變的并不兇險，還總有那只木須龍做出各種各樣滑稽的表演等等。這些幽默的畫面讓我們對舊有的熟悉題材產(chǎn)生了一種全新的感受。

迪斯尼動畫中的音樂也是極其優(yōu)美動聽，讓人產(chǎn)生愉悅的心情。在《花木蘭》中配有好幾段插曲，演唱地非常動人心弦，畫面快速地交待了故事的情節(jié)，顯得非常歡快與活潑，產(chǎn)生令人耳目一新的視聽效果。我在看迪斯尼的動畫的時候，總是感覺到很強的美國味，特別是洋溢一種美國人不斷進取的精神，一種熱情勇敢的精神，一種探索未知世界的大無畏精神，我們很容易從這些影片中看到古希臘人生存精神的影子。不管迪斯尼影片講述的是哪里的故事，里面總會有一個勇敢、堅強、拯救人類的英雄形象，場面宏大、有很強的速度、力度感，常讓人產(chǎn)生一種崇高感、一種征服的喜悅感。這是很強的一種來自遙遠古代的且融合在美國人骨子的美學(xué)精神。美國人總體比較有上進心，也比較熱情，因而不管是他們的動漫主題曲還是動漫配樂中，那種熱情奔放又帶有些幽默的爵士樂一直起著無可替代的作用?？偟膩碚f美國配樂的特點為：自由、通俗、幽默、隨性，熱情等等。

對于我們東方的動畫來說，宮崎駿動畫就很有代表性。宮崎駿動畫與迪斯尼動畫最大的區(qū)別就是在歡樂的同時多了一份對社會、自然的思考。還有那美好的田園風(fēng)光，奇幻的世界，無不讓我想起童年的快樂生活，想起小時候等待花仙子出現(xiàn)的傻傻的模樣。在宮崎駿的動畫中，令我印象很深就是《龍貓》，它是根據(jù)宮崎駿在家鄉(xiāng)聽到的傳說，精心編織的精巧童夢。宮崎駿喜歡描寫自然，整部影片帶有一種魔幻現(xiàn)實主義風(fēng)格，利用一些自然景物切入到主角的意識流中，讓觀眾的心得到最大的共鳴。像片中的主人公一樣，與龍貓一樣的相遇，一起飛上天空，一起看著樹苗一下子成長起來，一起坐在奇妙的汽車上穿梭在一望無際的田野之中，可能是每個人的童年夢想，而宮崎駿的動畫就抓住了觀眾的這一童年幻想的感覺，成功留住了觀眾的心。而在《幽靈公主》中，我們看到了宮崎駿先生對社會的不滿，而且也讓我們看到了人類自工業(yè)革命以來對環(huán)境的破壞，人類為了自身的發(fā)展，不斷去破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境，殘害動物，人類生活的地球正一步步走向滅亡，讓人沉思?！队撵`公主》也是宮崎駿的一部得意作品，其場景描繪已是出神入化，配合這樣一部巨作，久石讓在電影中運用了大量弦樂，奏出交響樂般宏大的效果，讓你一聽就感到蒼涼廣闊，瑕想無邊。同時，這部片子充滿了濃郁的日本古代風(fēng)情，所以在其結(jié)尾中，米良美一的假聲獨唱是極具民族特色，清澈渾厚的聲音就象一個婦人在講述遠古時期的傳說一般。宮崎駿將人生、夢想、環(huán)保、生存這些令人沉思的信息，融合到作品中，不但讓全球人產(chǎn)生了共鳴，更讓動畫受到全世界的關(guān)注?？偠灾?，日本動漫配樂的特點有：淡然，平和，詩意，唯美，深邃含蓄，蘊含哲理等。這些跟日本的背景是分不開的，日本的動漫處處體現(xiàn)著武士道精神，其音樂也不例外。

通過選修這門世界經(jīng)典動畫與音樂，我對于東西方動畫的差異有了新的認(rèn)識，兩者之間的文化背景的不同，造就了兩者有著兩種不同的音樂風(fēng)格。了解了一些動畫配樂大師，比如漢斯.季默，其用交響樂所奏出的音樂如史詩般常常令人贊嘆不已，還有如久石讓的大師，其那音樂所表現(xiàn)的感情細(xì)膩，屬于充滿史詩般的新世紀(jì)音樂。以前我們常常是被動畫其本身的劇情和豐富的色彩所吸引而卻忘記了其中音樂的美妙，正是這些動畫的配樂才讓其劇情得到了適當(dāng)時候適當(dāng)?shù)纳A。才讓我們看到了如此美妙的動畫作品。所以，當(dāng)我們在欣賞好看的動畫時，稍微注意一下其本身的音樂，或許會讓我們得到意想不到的驚喜。

參考文獻：

1.《談?wù)剸|西方動漫音樂的差異》 2.肖華華：《東西方動畫學(xué)風(fēng)格之比較》 3.陸書恬：《動畫音樂評論》

4.李新：《電影文學(xué)》2011年第14期。

第五篇：中西酒文化對比的論文[范文模版]

Abstract: Nowadays, with the expansion of communication between China and Western countries and the globalization of the world, the differences between Chinese and Western cultures have been attracted much more attention, for instance, the differences of wine culture is one of which focused as an issue.The wine is considered as the gift given by the god of wine.Wine culture has a long history and wine plays an important role in people’s daily life, and it combines people’s lives and interpersonal communication in all aspects.On the other hand, as a linker of inheriting history and leading to the future, wine is an article that deserves our earnest study.Because of the differences of living environment, historical background，traditions, values and thinking mode，social norms and culture, wine culture has a different connotation in different countries and regions and shows the characteristics of disparate style as a kind of profound cultural phenomenon.This article is an analysis performed after a lot of data collection and reading, which mainly describes the differences of wine culture between China and western countries.According to the research, the wine culture between China and western countries is very special, which has similarities in their differences and differences in their similarities.The study presents that the content of the wine culture is really rich and complex.Therefore, for the sake of the successful intercultural communication, among different nations and regions having a good knowledge of wine culture is necessary.What’s more, it can deepen people’s understanding of their own history.Key words: Wine Culture Intercultural Communication Cultural Differences

摘要： 隨著中西方交流的擴大,中西文化之間的差異也越來越受到重視,酒文化的差異也當(dāng)然是其中之一。酒被認(rèn)為是酒神賜予人們的禮物,酒文化源遠流長.酒在人們?nèi)粘５慕浑H生活中起著重要作用,它融會貫通了人們生活和人際交往的各個方面。而酒作為一個既傳承歷史又通向未來的道具是一個值得我們認(rèn)真研究的課題。而由于生活環(huán)境、歷史背景﹑傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗、價值觀念、思維模式、社會規(guī)范以及文化底蘊的不同,酒文化作為一種深刻的文化現(xiàn)象,也在中西方各個國家、各個地區(qū)有著各不相同的內(nèi)涵,呈現(xiàn)出風(fēng)格迥異的特性。本文是在經(jīng)過大量資料收集和閱讀之后進行的分析總結(jié),主要論述的是中西方酒文化之間的差異。中西方的酒文化同中有異、異中有同,內(nèi)容豐富,了解不同民族的酒文化,有助于人們成功地進行跨文化交際,同時也加深了對歷史文化的了解。

關(guān)鍵詞

酒文化 跨文化交際 文化差異

1.The Background of Wine Culture 1.1 Wine Culture in China

China is one of the ancient countries in the world and has a long history about

the wine culture.“Since the appearing of wine and formed the methods of brewing wine, then the processes of brewing, the making of all kinds of drinking sets and drinking customs and etiquette were gradually formed and completed.”(Lixiaoye, 2010, P7)This is just the definition of wine culture.It is well known that Confucianism is the core of Chinese culture, so people's understanding of the wine culture tends to the spiritual dimension and gives it a variety of emotions.In 1987, the renowned economist professor Yu Guangyuan put forward the phrase “wine culture” in China and Wan xiaoyan(2009)explains that the wine culture has broad and narrow meaning.In the broad sense, wine culture including wine technology with thousands of years’ enhancement, technological level, legal system and drinking customs;in the narrow sense, wine culture is just referred to drinking etiquette, custom and anecdote.There are many experts devote themselves to the research of wine culture, but it’s difficult to give a clear definition.Wine culture represents different characteristics in different times and has different effects on society.Throughout the Chinese wine culture’s history, we know that wine culture studies the material, brewing techniques of wine and its social attitude.Xu Shaohua(1999)said that wine means drinking in social activities has a specific effect on politics, economic, culture, military affairs, religion, art, science and technology, social psychology, and folk customs.Wine culture is the combination of material culture and spiritual culture.It's a special and attractive culture.Next, take the Origin of Wine in China for example.Yi Di and Du Kang are considered the originators of wine-making in China.According to ancient annals Yi Di was ordered by Yu the Great to produce mellow wine fro me fermented glutinous rice.The concoction tasted good and Yi Di was confident he would receive a reward.Yu while agreeing that the drink was of excellent quality and had a good taste stopped short of rewarding its maker.Why? Because the Son of Heaven decided that over indulgence in this new beverage could be dangerous-it could make a person read-the monarch himself lose his wits and inadvertently put the country at risk.Another wine-maker Du Kang created a formula for high quality liquor made of sorghum..As legend has it one winter he put cultivated sorghum seeds in a hollow.The following spring he notice d a strong smell coming from it and was amazed to discover that the sorghum he left there had fermented.This accidental disconery inspired Du Kang to create an alcoholic beverage.1.2 Wine Culture in the West In the west, wine culture is also a richly historical culture.In most time, wine culture refers to grape wine in west countries.“It has a history more than 8000 or at most 10000 years since wine appeared, and much longer than the liquor history in China.”(Li xiaoye, 2010, P8)To western people, wine is a special kind of art and has its glamour.When we meet troubles in our daily life or feel sad, wine can help us become strong and comfort us.So there is no doubt that wine culture is not only a kind of material culture but also a kind of a spiritual culture.Owing to the different cultural backgrounds, the western people’s understanding of the wine culture tends to the symbol of the right and gives it elegant and luxury image.For example, they believe wine can enrich their life and regulate their feelings.Xu Yan(2004)said this view of life can be expressed as drink one’s sorrows/ troubles, drown one’s troubles away, drink down sorrow.Wine culture is the reflection of culture in history and it’s the witness of history.Next, take the Origin of Wine in the West for example.Greek mythology Dionysus Greek god of wine and fertility identified with the Roman god Bacchus.The son of Zeus and Semele Dionysus was reared by nymphs and taught men the secrets of cultivating grapes and making wine.but Hera struck him with madness and drove him forth a wanderer through various parts of the earth.Dionysus wandered through many lands teaching men the culture of the vine and the mysteries of his cult.The Bible The earliest written account of viniculture is in the Old Testament of the Bible which tells us that Noah planted a vineyard and made wine.Middle Eastern origin an ancient Persian fable credits a lady of the court with the

discovery of wine.This Princess having lost favor with the King attempted to poison herself by eating some table grapes that had spoiled in a jar.She became intoxicated and giddy and fell asleep.When she awoke she found the stresses that had made her life intolerable had dispersed.Returning to the source of her relief her subsequent conduct changed so remarkably that she regained the Kings favor.2.The application of the wine culture 2.1 Types of Wine Baijiu is a typical Chinese wine, while grape wine plays an important role in Western countries.China is a country with a long history and it is no exaggeration to say that Chinese history with five thousand years is written by wine.As China is a large agricultural country, the most wine is brewed with grain.In China, the word is “jiu” can be used to represent all the types of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, grape wine and so on.The most popular wine in China can be classified into two types, namely, yellow wine and white wine.The yellow wine is brewed directly from rice and wheat.The white wine is also brewed grain, but it has a higher purity of the alcohol level.Although China has a lot of techniques to brew wine and there are various types of wine, the grain liquor is always in the important position;this is because of the effect of geographical environment and agricultural culture.China's climate is very good for the growth of rice and other grain, as a result, the grain liquor is very prevalent.In the Western countries, no matter when we talk about the western wine, grape wine is always the first one comes to our minds.Grape wine is the major wine and

plays an important role in people’s life.Grape wine has a long history, Qu Xiaohui(1996)said that the Western archaeologists found that people had drank grape wine seven thousand years ago.Western is different from China as a large agricultural country, so most of Western countries develop animal husbandry and business.But the climatic and soil in many places don’t fit the growth of crops, they are suitable for grape.Grape wine was produced and became more and more popular under this circumstance.With the development of society, there are more types of grape wine, such as whisky, brandy, rum, cocktail and so forth.2.2 Drinking Vessels Where there is wine, there is drinking vessel.As the saying goes, if there is no drinking vessel, there is no way to drink.So there is no doubt that drinking vessel as a part of wine culture has a long history.The development of drinking vessel is closely bound up with the national economics;it can reflect a country’s level of development.China always shows great respect for the use of drinking vessels.People divided the drinking vessels into different categories depending on their usage.In ancient times, due to the low level of social development, people use some natural materials to make drinking vessels, such as horns and gourds.With the improvement of productivity and development of the wine industry, there are more types of wine vessels, for example, the drinking vessels are made of bronze or jade or other materials.What’s more, some drinking vessels are made in different shapes, for instance sheep, tiger, cow, rabbit and other animals or landscape.Different shapes of drinking vessels not only can help people enjoy the beauty of wine, but also reflects the unique charm of Chinese art.Compared with China's drinking vessels, West’s has a distinctive flavor.Westerners pay attention to different glasses for different kinds of wine.When they drink whisky, brandy and grape wine, they will prepare the corresponding cups.It is

well known that most western drinking vessels are made of glass and crystal, because these cups are good for drinkers to appreciate the wine's color and enjoy the beauty of wine.This is indeed the case;the western drinking vessels have an elegant appearance as well as the good usage.Nowadays, the glasses become more popular and are carriers to spread the wine culture.2.3 Etiquette of Drinking Wine is a medium to understand the culture of different countries.Knowing the etiquette of drinking can reduce the misunderstandings in social activities and promote communications between peoples.After careful studies, we can find that there are some differences of etiquette of drinking between China and Western countries.China is a country known as ceremony and pay attention to etiquette.Talk freely about the saying “No Custom without Wine”, etiquette of drinking is becoming an important part of life.Chinese drinking etiquette reflects the respect for the drinker.There is fixed seating and a fixed toast times about who is the master, who is the guest.Toast normally chooses after eating the main course, and before the sugar beet is not on.The cup must be held on the eyes level when the toast happen.The toast must begin from the master and watch each other, and at least drink a little wine to show respect.Others are not qualified to respect until the master finished.If the toast order is upset the person who upset the toast order will be fined.Toast must be started from the most distinguished guests, at this time the wine should be full of so that the most distinguished guests can be respected.Not only younger people toast to the elders, and subordinates take the initiative to propose a toast to the higher levels, but also should drink first in order to show respect.The Jiuling, Finger Guessing Game etiquette of wine, but also to make drinkers thoroughly enjoyed themselves.Obviously, Chinese wine culture deeply influenced by Chinese culture and traditional

ethics of hierarchy of seniority, during drinking alcohol the respect for those who drinking was placed in the most important position.Western drinking wine etiquette demonstrates respect for wine.Drinking wine must watch their color, smell their fragrance, taste its quality, and mobilize all kind of sensory to enjoy nice wine.In the sequence of drinking, pay attention to the first drink after drink red wine, white wine, the first lighter wine In the sequence of drinking, it is necessary to pay attention to the order of drinking.White wine should be first and after red wine, the first lighter wine following Re-bodied wine to drink a short year wine and then drink a long year wine, changes gradually in-depth change in the enjoyment of wine flavor.The selection of wine device, also revolve around how to get the full enjoyment of drinking on the drinkers.Let aroma convergence on mouth of the tulip-type goblet cup, and even for wine temperature degree specially designed thermometer, without exception, demonstrate respect for Westerners wine, and their Drinking etiquette is for a better appreciation of wine.In the West people rarely Toast each other, they usually drink separately.Only in certain occasions, they will join in a toast.If a time like this is usually the person after the speech, they are blessing a person, or to celebrate something for someone.2.4 Purpose of Drinking

Wine exists with the form of water and with the content of fire.They are incompatible since ancient times, only an exception on wine.It is water also fire.Not only was extinguished by the minds of unhappy, but also can bright the inner.Both Chinese and westerners love wine, but the diversity of cultures, so caused the difference on drinking purposes between the Chinese people and Westerns.The purpose of drinking in western is simple.They have a drink in order to enjoy drinking.Of course, wine also has the function of communication, but it is more important for people to enjoy the taste of wine.What kind of drink should be used to

enjoy on a occasion , and what temperature degree should be , what shape of the glass should be, there is a very fine clear requirement.There is not hing Finger Guessing Game was provided on the banquet.The aesthetic of western is a direct form Style-oriented and do not require to use distiller's yeast to achieve communicative effects, showing that the West is drinking for wine.In China, wine is often used as a communicative tool.Therefore, there are not scientific systematic theoretical analysis on Chinese wine culture.More attention was paied on other function s brought by drinking.The so-called ulterior motives are not on wine , but care between landscape and landscape of the music.People who drink often want to discuss official business, or talk to a private matter.In short, drinking is just an expression of a mood-assisted behavior.People have a drink just want to borrow the role of alcohol to complete a number of other things, so Chinese people will never be less wine on the table.Whether it is Chinese New Year, or a business in the future, wine is the middle of the hub of everything.It also links to the subtle emotions between people, but people rely more on drinking is the pursuit of wine.Qingmeizhujiu is to prove who is the hero.The paradis Jiang Jinjiu purpose to eliminate the same melancholy;Bamboo Poets of the Seven Sages was to take sanctuary.Qianlong 1000 gentleman feast want to share happy with the public.Chinese people drinking is not for alcohol but for feelings.Therefore, so long as having appropriate reasons, everyone can advise each other to drink, in order to show goodwill and sincerity.Toast is a typical performance of Chinese hospitality, but often is not understood by Westerners on the Chinese people.China is the ceremonies.The communication is usually advocated implicitly.They are not bounded, not only can speak, also can criticize after drinking alhtough there is nothing to speak usually.Wine can help Chinese people to achieve communicative purposes.2.5 Drinking Habits Several major Chinese festival of the year have a corresponding drinking activities, such as the Dragon Boat Festival drink “calamus wine”.Suspended drink “chrysanthemum wine”.In some places, such as Jiangxi, people gathered to drink after planting the cereal crop or to celebrate the harvest time.Chinese New Year also is known as New Year's Eve.It is the day for family reunion to have the most sumptuous dinner of the year.Dinner and wine are essential to the even poorest family.In some places, people generally do not leave the house on the first day of the first lunar month.From the second day, people begin to drop around.The owner of the house takes the dishes which have been prepared earlier to the table and enjoy the wine with the guests.“l(fā)iquor of daughter in the south“ According to the earliest record by the ”Southern Grasses“ that the southern people began to make wine when their daughter was seven years old.Then they bury the brewed wine when their daughter got married.This kind of wine was inherited in Shaoxing and developed to be famous as ”Huadiao jiu“.Another difference exists in the custom of drinking wine.As is known to us, China is a big country with 56 nationalities and vast territory.Most of the nations have its own distinctive wine and custom of drinking wine.However, there still exists the common character: encouraging people to drink.While in western countries, no one will encourage you to drink.It is up to you to drink or not.No one would associate toasting people with the face.If there exists buying wine culture, that is, today I buy the wine for you in a bar;tomorrow you will buy for me.Wine culture brings about the difference of ideology of flows.Wine culture that caused great affection on the east and west civilization is embodied in the feminism.In the west, fete is an important means of worship of wine.The housewives and girls gathered in wild mountains to dance and enjoy themselves the whole night.Women could communicate with any people.Although the man was discontented with this, he could not have any complaints.This tradition was handed down.As a result, women got almost the same status with the man in the west.The worship of wine came along with the mysterious worship of maternity, which rippled in the civilization of the west.It was not the case in China.Although at the beginning, the wine was brewed for the daughter of Yu, women were deprived of right of drinking wine by man.The girls

in The Dream of Red Mansion mostly drank fruit wine.The liquor, repetitive of wine, was the patent of men, such as Jia Zheng.The status of women was gradually promoted after the spread of western culture during the period of Fourth Five.Women have the same right of drinking wine in modern times.3.Different Communicative Functions and Drinking Culture 3.1 Shallow Sip and Cattle Drink

Chinese people pay attention to the “shallow sip”.The so called“shallow sip”is to put the glass in one hand and enjoy the fun by singing a song or poem to purse the realm into a little drunk.The so called little drunk is like non-drunk and non-awake, with a rather wonderful feeling to get high in the realm.We Chinese people will take a little drunk while talking with our friends or family and have a good time.The Westerners pay attention to “cattle drink”, the so called “cattle drink” also described as the “drink by”.That is, no matter one battle or one glass, just raise your neck to drink it overturned.They enjoy the excitement that the wine brings to them.3.2 Masculinity and Feminism

Chinese wine culture is the doctrine of partial male.Since ancient times, “wine” was always used by men as the signboard and mask of their entertainment.By the “wine” of power, things will line.Things can be done easier by the power of wine.CaoCao used wine to test whether troops under his command were loyal to him.Wine and beauty seem always to go together;both are men’s tool to release their pressure.Actually, with the collapse of the feudalism, women were no longer regarded as men’s vassal.Nevertheless, in most case, women are often still at arm’s length speak of love.The western wine culture joined more feminist factors and is relatively neutral.In western countries, there is not only spirits for men but also cocktails and champagne with a sweet or fruity taste and beautiful color for women to drink.Female drinking is socially accepted, and fends to be neutral on the whole.3.3

Lyricism and Enjoyment

China, the scenic spot of wine culture, the significance of drinking wine is far more than the sensual pleasure.In many occasions, wine is used as a cultural symbol to represent a ritual, a state of mind.Wine and poetry, had the tight relationship from then on.In China, The wine is often used as a communication tool, a medium to express feelings after drinking.The so called the drinker’s heart is not in the cup but in people and in love.Such as to make the plum wine is in order to prove who is the real hero;to drink one more cup of wine is to bid farewell to the friend going away.Different feeling and different mood are passed through the wine.In the western countries, the purpose of drink is often very simple, to enjoy the wine and alcohol.Of course, the red wine in the west also has the function of communication, but it is more of a pursuit of how to enjoy the taste.It can be seen that the Western wine culture focus more on the wine itself while we Chinese people seem to pay more attention to the spiritual experience after evaporation or distillation of the wine.Western habit of tasting wine is to taste with their tongue, while we Chinese people use more of a heart and brain to feel the feeling the wine bring us.The Way to Promote the Intercommunication of Wine Culture 4.1.Launching International Communication Conference

The development of world wine culture depends on the intercommunication of different nations.On this matter, I give several suggestions as following: Firstly, we should launch international communication conference about research of wine culture.At present, the research communication between professors and experts in especially French, Germany, and England and so on is little.Professors and experts exchange their ideas and views about wine and put forward new suggestions.It is an important and direct way to push the development

of wine culture.Secondly, a worldwide organization should be set up to harmonize and guide the deed acted by nations.Regions and nations behave according to the rules regulated.4.2.Setting the Suitable Rules

As we know, a proverb says without rules we cannot do things well.Thus it is necessary and important to set the suitable rules.Nations can communicate and behave well with the restrictions.However, the rules are not set now, which needs the efforts of the professors and experts.4.3 Innovation

Wine culture can not develop without innovation which is the gist of wine culture.China has a long history of brewing wine, which is proud by us.Meanwhile, we indulge ourselves in the success we have had and depend on the traditional wine culture excessively.Therefore, crisis is there.In order to keep the booming vitality of wine, obviously, the innovation is crucial.But what we should do innovate the wine culture.In my point of view, we should do as the following: To begin with, the combination of innovation of wine and idea.The consumption psychology of people is always changing.There is an increasing demand about the safety and sanitation of wine.The idea of green consumption occurs to people.As a result, we not only cater to the demand of trend, but also put our feet in the consumer's shoes.Secondly, the combination of innovation and technology.The innovation of culture can not;eave the development of technology.The big innovation and development of many professions is caused by the innovation of technology.The innovation of technology and technique push the development of the profession of brewing wine vigorously and base the solid foundation of the innovation of wine culture.Thirdly, the combination of innovation of wine culture and the management of firm.The history of abroad or domestic management of firm can be subdivided into three stages: ”experimental management“ ”scientific management“ and ”cultural management".It realized the big leap on management from experimental one to Tylor's scientific one.However, scientific management neglects the creativity and ability of man, which can not fit the demand of development.Thus, cultural management came into being.That whether the wine culture is a success or a failure is associated with the leader of the enterprise.The runner of the wine firm is different from the leader of the firm of making screwdriver.He should be an artist with high quality of culture and artistic taste.The fierce competition demands that they give direction and decision on the design of products, the direction of market, the selling

and plan of market.It is also necessary for them to carry out the cultural management and innovation of management and make full use of resources including resource of mankind to infuse the color of culture in the product.Make sure the realization of innovation of wine culture successfully through innovation of management.This is one aspect and another aspect is that: In the first place, transfer the advantage of culture into the advantage of market.Transmitting culture is to exploit the market.The core of the wine market is health;safety and fashion which the enterprises need long time of penetration of culture and patient and dedicate cultivation of market.It advocates drinking wine in a scientific way and green consumption to guide man return to rationalism from the traditional wine culture, which advocates drinking wine in great amount.In the second place, transfer the advantage of market into the advantage of economic, society and zoology.The advantage of economic is the final embodiment of the advantage of market.Promoting the additional value of wine culture is a significant way to transfer the advantage of market into the advantage of economic.At the same time, it requires shat the effectiveness of society and zoology should be taken into account.We should strengthen the idea of sustaining development of firm and carry out green management and controlling of whole process and protect the mature during the process of carrying out the innovation of wine culture.Therefore, the vitality of wine lies in wine culture and fitting the progressive consumption culture, which is to keep pace with time.Conclusion The wine is the best present that God has given.Wine culture comes along with the birth of wine since wine appeared.Due to the difference of wine, regions and environment, the faith brought by wine culture also has more or less difference.At first, the wine in China was the sweet wine made from fruits.After that, man gradually found the grain which was used as the raw material of liquor.It was much better than sweet wine either in power or taste.Therefore, it is the mainstream to brew wine with grain as the raw material.At present, it refers to liquor when it comes to the wine of China.However, the wine in the west was brewed with barley the raw material firstly.Man began to brew wine with grape.The wine made man intoxicated and gradually became the mainstream of the west.And now, it refers to champagne and Brandy wit grape as the raw material.Drinking wine in China is the common phenomenon of different nations.Most of nations have its own characteristic wine

and custom of drinking wine.The culture of drinking wine has endurable vitality and character.The research of drinking custom will promote the unity of nations and progress of civilization.In order to communicate with the consumer, it is necessary to promote the development of wine culture.The wine can popularize wildly and sell best according to the taste of consumer.The brewed wine is to be consumed by man.Consequently, people's suggestion about the way of brewing wine is vital, which is to make sure the wine is consumed with confirmation and agreement of consumer.Intercommunication is also crucial to the development of wine culture.Thus, increasing international communication is essential.Professors and experts can exchange their views and put forward new ideas about innovation of technology.A worldwide organization restrains the behavior of the members.Through this topic, the profound Chinese culture during the course of investigations will be appreciated.Consequently the Chinese wine culture will develop along with the development of the world wine culture.Bibliography [1] Patrick McGovern.Ancient wine: the search for the origin of viniculture.Princeton University, 2000.[2] Haeger.North American Pinot Noir.Langman, 2004.[3] Patrick Matthews.Real wine: the rediscovery of natural winemaking.Mitchell Beazley, 2000.[4] Jeni Port.Crushed by women:women and win., Arcadia, 2000.[5] Jancis Robinson.Jancis Robinson's wine tasting workbook.Conran Octopus, 2000.[6]Dai Weidong.A New Concise Course in Lingustics for Students of Englishin [M].ShangHai Foreign Language Education Press, 2010:125-126 [7]Jamie Goode.The science of wine: from vine to glass[M].University of California Press, 2005 [8]John Winthrop Haeger.North American Pinot Noir[M].Niversity of California Press, 2004

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