劉結(jié)一部長助理在聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)第65屆會(huì)議一般性辯論中的發(fā)言

第一篇：劉結(jié)一部長助理在聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)第65屆會(huì)議一般性辯論中的發(fā)言

主席先生，執(zhí)行秘書女士，各位代表：

Mr.Chairman, Madam Executive Secretary, Representatives，很高興來曼谷出席聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)第65屆會(huì)議。感謝泰國政府和亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)秘書處為會(huì)議所做的周到安排，特別感謝阿披實(shí)總理到會(huì)講話。

It gives me great pleasure to attend the 65th Commission Session of the United Nations Economic and Social Committee for Asia and the Pacific(ESCAP).My thanks go to the Thai government and ESCAP Secretariat for their thoughtful arrangements for this meeting.I particularly wish to thank Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva for coming to this segment and addressing the audience.主席先生，Mr.Chairman，當(dāng)前，國際金融危機(jī)仍在蔓延，亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展受到嚴(yán)重影響。經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩，貿(mào)易額急劇下降，失業(yè)人口陡增，社會(huì)穩(wěn)定面臨壓力。根據(jù)亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)剛剛發(fā)表的《亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)概覽》，亞太地區(qū)擁有全球三分之二的貧困人口，也是全球一半左右自然災(zāi)害的發(fā)生地，糧食能源問題依然突出，氣候變化造成的自然災(zāi)害等問題凸顯。亞太地區(qū)落實(shí)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展形勢嚴(yán)峻。

The ongoing international financial crisis has had a serious impact on the economic growth of the Asia-Pacific region.Its growth has slowed down, its trade dropped sharply, unemployment surged all of a sudden and pressure is mounting on social stability.According to the latest Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific released by ESCAP, the Asia-Pacific region is home to two thirds of the world's poor and half of the natural disasters in the world occur here.Food, energy and natural disasters induced by climate change remain acute issues.For this region, to achieve the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)and sustainable economic and social development is a severe challenge.妥善應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，共克時(shí)艱，是我們共同的任務(wù)。為此，我愿提出以下幾點(diǎn)主張：

It is our shared responsibility to meet the challenge and overcome the difficulties.To this end, I would like to make the following proposals:

一、全力恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長是當(dāng)前最緊迫的任務(wù)，也是影響全局的關(guān)鍵因素。各國應(yīng)加強(qiáng)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，并根據(jù)形勢發(fā)展，進(jìn)一步采取積極有效的刺激措施，擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，穩(wěn)定市場。亞太國家外貿(mào)依存度普遍較大，維護(hù)開放自由的全球和區(qū)域貿(mào)易體系事關(guān)各方切身利益，我們應(yīng)共同反對貿(mào)易和投資保護(hù)主義，推動(dòng)多哈回合談判取得全面、平衡的成果。繼續(xù)推動(dòng)《亞太貿(mào)易協(xié)定》等區(qū)域多邊貿(mào)易體制發(fā)展，推動(dòng)貿(mào)易與投資自由化和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化，增強(qiáng)對域外市場波動(dòng)的免疫力。

First, our immediate task is to do all we can to restore growth as it is crucial to the whole world now.All countries should enhance coordination in macro-economic policy and, as the situation evolves, take further positive and effective stimulus measures to boost domestic demand and stabilize markets.The Asia-Pacific countries have an immediate interest in upholding open and free trade systems at both global and regional levels, as most of them largely depend on external trade.We should jointly oppose trade protectionism, and push the Doha Round negotiations towards a comprehensive and balanced outcome.We should continue to promote the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement(APTA)and other regional multilateral trade mechanisms as well as trade and investment liberalization and regional economic integration so as to boost our ability to weather the turbulences arising from markets outside our region.二、糧食能源安全和氣候變化均是影響民生和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的長期性問題，需統(tǒng)籌應(yīng)對。亞太地區(qū)現(xiàn)有約9.5億人生活在貧困線以下，金融危機(jī)加劇了貧困狀況。氣候變化造成自然災(zāi)害頻仍、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力下降。各國應(yīng)加大對糧食生產(chǎn)投入，改善糧食貿(mào)易環(huán)境，為糧食生產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造有利條件。樹立和落實(shí)互利合作、多元發(fā)展、協(xié)同保障的新能源安全觀。遵循《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》，按照“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”的原則加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對氣候變化努力。

Second, to achieve sustainable development, we need to adopt a holistic approach to address the long-term issues of energy and grain security as well as climate change that affect people's lives.In the Asia-Pacific region, about 950 million people live below the poverty line and the financial crisis has made the poor poorer.Because of climate change, natural disasters are frequent and agro-productivity decreased.All countries should increase input into and create better conditions for grain production, and improve the environment for grain trade.We must adopt a new thinking on energy security that advocates mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified forms of development and common energy security through coordination.We should also step up our efforts to address climate change under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, as well as the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”.三、貧困人口是受危機(jī)影響最大的弱勢群體，需要我們特別關(guān)注。目前，亞太地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)社會(huì)保障水平很低，僅約30%的老年人享有養(yǎng)老金，約 20%的居民享有醫(yī)療保障。貧困人口的發(fā)展關(guān)系到本地區(qū)整體可持續(xù)發(fā)展。應(yīng)加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障體系，增加居民收入，提高消費(fèi)能力，刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。應(yīng)高度關(guān)注和盡量減少國際金融危機(jī)對本地區(qū)發(fā)展中國家特別是最不發(fā)達(dá)國家造成的損害。有關(guān)各方特別是發(fā)達(dá)國家應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任和義務(wù)，繼續(xù)履行對發(fā)展中國家的援助、減債等承諾。

Third, the poor population is the most vulnerable to the crisis and deserves our special attention.In the Asia-Pacific region, the basic social security level is low.Only about 30% of the elder people enjoy old-age pension and 20% of the population are covered by medical insurance.The development of the poor is an important factor in the overall sustainable development of the region.We should strengthen social security systems and increase people's income and consumption capability.This will also stimulate economic growth.We should pay high attention to and minimize the damage of the international financial crisis on developing, especially the least developed countries in the region.Parties concerned, developed countries in particular, should honor their responsibilities and obligations and continue to fulfill their commitments to developing countries on assistance and debt reduction.四、實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)和諧，是亞太各國的共同目標(biāo)。當(dāng)前形勢下，面對各種挑戰(zhàn)，更要樹立和諧的觀念，以統(tǒng)籌、全面、協(xié)調(diào)的方式推進(jìn)各領(lǐng)域發(fā)展。發(fā)展是當(dāng)前第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，要通過發(fā)展來解決各種問題。經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)各領(lǐng)域發(fā)展要相互協(xié)調(diào)，確保發(fā)展的長期可持續(xù)性。

Fourth, social harmony is the common goal of all Asia-Pacific countries.In the face of various challenges today, it is more important to pursue harmony and promote comprehensive development in an all-round and coordinated way.Development is the top priority and the key to the solution of various issues.And long-term and sustainable development requires coordinated development in different economic and social sectors.主席先生，Mr.Chairman，金融危機(jī)給中國帶來了前所未有的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。作為最大的發(fā)展中國家，中國努力保持自身經(jīng)濟(jì)的平穩(wěn)較快增長本身就是對世界最大的貢獻(xiàn)。我們把擴(kuò)大國內(nèi)有效需求特別是消費(fèi)需求作為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的基本立足點(diǎn)，果斷實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，相應(yīng)出臺(tái)了系統(tǒng)完整的一攬子計(jì)劃。包括大規(guī)模增加政府支出，實(shí)施總額達(dá)4萬億元人民幣的兩年投資計(jì)劃，規(guī)模相當(dāng)于2007年中國GDP的16%；多次降息和增加銀行體系流動(dòng)性，共釋放流動(dòng)性約8000 億元人民幣；大范圍實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃，提高國民經(jīng)濟(jì)整體競爭力；大幅度提高社會(huì)保障水平，繼續(xù)提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，提高失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金等。投入 8500億元，力爭用三年時(shí)間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉(xiāng)的基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度。實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策，千方百計(jì)減緩金融危機(jī)對就業(yè)的影響。目前，這些措施已取得了初步成效。我們對實(shí)現(xiàn)2009年中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)充滿信心。

The financial crisis has brought China unprecedented difficulties and challenges.As the largest developing country, China is working to maintain its steady and rapid economic growth, which is in itself the biggest contribution to the world.To boost growth, we start with the expansion of effective domestic demand, particularly consumer demand.We have swiftly adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy and launched a systematic and comprehensive package plan.This package plan includes a substantial increase of government spending, and a two-year program involving a total investment of RMB4 trillion, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.Our several cuts in interest rates and increases in liquidity in the banking system have released about RMB800 billion of liquidity.We have also launched a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program to enhance the competitiveness of our economy.We are trying to substantially raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and unemployment insurance benefits.With an investment of RMB850 billion, we are working to set up a nationwide basic medical and healthcare system covering both urban and rural areas within three years.We are pursuing a more active employment policy and trying every means to mitigate the impact of the financial crisis on employment.All these measures have achieved initial success, giving us full confidence to meet our major economic and social development goals in 2009.主席先生，Mr.Chairman，中國積極參與國際和地區(qū)應(yīng)對危機(jī)的合作，為促進(jìn)國際金融體系改革、加強(qiáng)全球宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)等發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用。中國向國際金融公司貿(mào)易融資計(jì)劃提供了首批15億美元的融資支持。中國盡最大努力向有關(guān)國家提供支持和幫助，同有關(guān)國家和地區(qū)簽署了總額達(dá)6500億元人民幣的雙邊貨幣互換協(xié)議，積極參與清邁倡議多邊化框架下的貨幣儲(chǔ)備庫建設(shè)，維護(hù)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)金融形勢穩(wěn)定，促進(jìn)地區(qū)金融合作和貿(mào)易發(fā)展。

China has taken an active part in the international and regional cooperation to tackle the crisis.It has played a constructive role in promoting reform of international financial institutions and improving global coordination in macro-economic policies.China has provided US$1.5 billion as the first portion of its financial support to the Global Trade Finance Program of the International Finance Corporation.China has made utmost effort to offer support and assistance to other countries.It has signed bilateral currency swap agreements worth RMB650 billion with relevant countries and regions, actively participated in the building of the currency reserve pooling under the framework of Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization, worked for regional economic and financial stability and promoted regional financial cooperation and trade.主席先生，Mr.Chairman，國際金融危機(jī)、糧食能源安全和氣候變化為本地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)增添了新的復(fù)雜因素。中國是最早提前實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)中減貧目標(biāo)的發(fā)展中國家，并為國際社會(huì)努力實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)做出了力所能及的貢獻(xiàn)。去年，中國國務(wù)院總理溫家寶在聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)高級別會(huì)議上代表中國政府為促進(jìn)落實(shí)千年目標(biāo)再次提出了一系列援助計(jì)劃，包括向聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織捐款3000萬美元設(shè)立信托基金，用于幫助發(fā)展中國家提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力的項(xiàng)目和活動(dòng)；大幅增加援建發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)示范中心、派往發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)業(yè)專家和技術(shù)人員和發(fā)展中國家來華留學(xué)生名額；免除最不發(fā)達(dá)國家2008年底對華到期未還的無息貸款，給予有關(guān)最不發(fā)達(dá)國家95%的產(chǎn)品零關(guān)稅待遇等一系列措施。

The global financial crisis, grain and energy security and climate change have all added complexity to the endeavor of meeting the MDGs in our region.Yet, China has become the first developing country to meet the target of poverty reduction of the MDGs ahead of schedule and done its best to contribute to the international efforts to meet the MDGs.To facilitate the implementation of the MDGs, Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council of China put forward a series of new assistance programs on behalf of the Chinese Government at the UN High-Level Event on MDGs last year.These programs include a donation of US$30 million to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization to establish a trust fund for projects and activities aimed at improving the agricultural productivity of developing countries;an increase of assistance to the construction of agricultural technology demonstration centers in developing countries;sending more Chinese agricultural experts and technicians to developing countries;accepting a greater number of students from developing countries;and giving zero-tariff treatment to 95% of products from relevant least developed countries.And China has already canceled the outstanding interest-free loans due by the end of 2008 extended to least developed countries.主席先生，Mr.Chairman，聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)為落實(shí)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)、推動(dòng)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用。新形勢下，聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)可以通過改革創(chuàng)新、提高效率，為促進(jìn)亞太各國共同發(fā)展與繁榮做出更大貢獻(xiàn)。中國一向重視與聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)的合作。面對國際和地區(qū)形勢廣泛而深刻的變化，我們將繼續(xù)支持聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)的工作，加強(qiáng)與各成員的交流，為建設(shè)亞太地區(qū)更加美好的未來做出不懈努力。

ESCAP has played an important role in implementing the MDGs and promoting sustainable economic and social development in this region.Under the new world situation, ESCAP can make greater contribution to the common development and prosperity of all Asia-Pacific countries through reform, innovation and improvement of its efficiency.China has always attached importance to its cooperation with ESCAP.In view of the extensive and profound changes in the international and regional situation, we will continue to support ESCAP, strengthen exchanges with other members and make continuous efforts for a better future of the Asia-Pacific region.謝謝！Thank you.

第二篇：愛沙尼亞總統(tǒng)在聯(lián)大一般性辯論人權(quán)發(fā)言

愛沙尼亞總統(tǒng)在聯(lián)大一般性辯論強(qiáng)調(diào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)自由（聯(lián)合國新聞）

2013年9月25日愛沙尼亞總統(tǒng)伊爾韋斯9月25日在第68屆聯(lián)大一般性辯論發(fā)言指出，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上和網(wǎng)下的言論自由不僅是民主的基石，也是一項(xiàng)基本人權(quán)。伊爾韋斯強(qiáng)調(diào)，國際法可在推動(dòng)建設(shè)一個(gè)開放可及的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間方面發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用。

各國首腦和政要云集的第68屆聯(lián)大一般性辯論25日進(jìn)入第二天。當(dāng)天，愛沙尼亞總統(tǒng)伊爾韋斯（Hendrik Ilves）是第一個(gè)在聯(lián)大全體會(huì)議上發(fā)言的與會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。

伊爾韋斯在談及網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)自由問題時(shí)指出，網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪對于國家的安全和福祉都可產(chǎn)生重要影響。在打擊互聯(lián)網(wǎng)犯罪的過程中，提高全世界所有人——從私人電腦用戶到大型關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施云的供應(yīng)商，從政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人到國家政府——對這一問題的意識，并努力加以預(yù)防是問題的關(guān)鍵所在。

伊爾韋斯說：“網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)自由這兩個(gè)問題有著內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，同時(shí)也是相輔相成的。不僅如此，國際社會(huì)還需在因特網(wǎng)的治理問題上采取一種多利益攸關(guān)者的管理模式。言論自由不管是在網(wǎng)上還是在網(wǎng)下，都是任何民主的基石，同時(shí)也是一項(xiàng)基本人權(quán)，去年人權(quán)理事會(huì)重申了這一原則。聯(lián)合國政府專家組也再次重申，在推動(dòng)建設(shè)一個(gè)開放可及的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間方面，國際法至關(guān)重要，我對此感到高興?！?/p>

伊爾韋斯表示，到目前為止，歐洲理事會(huì)于2001年通過的預(yù)防網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的《瑞士公約》仍是在這一問題上唯一具有法律約束力的國際文書，如有更多國家加入，該公約就可發(fā)揮更大作用。

此外，伊爾韋斯在講話中還重點(diǎn)談到了敘利亞問題，稱敘利亞沖突是當(dāng)前“世界上最不可持續(xù)的局勢”。伊爾韋斯表示，在任何情形下使用化學(xué)武器都是令人無法接受的并且必須予以譴責(zé)，敘利亞的化學(xué)武器必須通過核查的方式迅速加以銷毀。禁止化學(xué)武器組織和安理會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)為通過具有法律約束力的方式解決這一問題開展行動(dòng)，最好是以《聯(lián)合國憲章》第七章為依據(jù)，通過強(qiáng)制性制裁手段盡快采取行動(dòng)。

第三篇：中國代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長康勇參贊在2010年聯(lián)合國裁軍審議委員會(huì)一般性辯論中的發(fā)言

[本資料來源：英文巴士 http://004km.cn 中國最大的典籍英譯網(wǎng)、翻譯學(xué)習(xí)研究網(wǎng)、教研資訊網(wǎng)]

中國代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長康勇參贊在2010年聯(lián)合國裁軍審議委員會(huì)一般性辯論中的發(fā)言

Statement by Mr.Kang Yong, Head of the Chinese Delegation, at the General Debate of the United Nations Disarmament Commission

2010年3月29日，紐約

New York, 29 March, 2010

主席先生： Mr.Chairman, 首先，請?jiān)试S我代表中國代表團(tuán)對你當(dāng)選今年裁軍審議委員會(huì)主席表示祝賀。我相信，你的外交經(jīng)驗(yàn)和才干將引導(dǎo)本次會(huì)議取得積極進(jìn)展。中國代表團(tuán)將與你和各國代表團(tuán)充分合作。在此，我也想對你的前任、波蘭托皮克大使的工作表示感謝。

At the outset, please allow me, on behalf of the Chinese Delegation, to express congratulations on your assumption of the Chairmanship of this session of the United Nations Disarmament Commission(UNDC).I am convinced that with your diplomatic experience and skill, you will lead this session to fruitful results.The Chinese Delegation will offer its full cooperation to you and to other delegations.I also would like to take this opportunity to express appreciations to your predecessor, Ambassador Andrzej Towpik of Poland, for his outstanding work.主席先生，Mr.Chairman, 當(dāng)前，各國在安全領(lǐng)域相互依存日益加深，交流與合作不斷加強(qiáng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)普遍安全的理念深入人心。與此同時(shí)，國際社會(huì)面臨的安全挑戰(zhàn)也在增多，局部沖突和熱點(diǎn)問題此起彼伏，恐怖主義十分猖獗，多邊軍控和防擴(kuò)散仍然任重而道遠(yuǎn)。Nowadays, the interdependence between various countries in the security field is increasingly deepened, the exchanges and cooperation among countries are strengthened and the concept of security for all is accepted by more and more people.At the same time, the international society is still facing more and more security challenges.The regional conflicts and hotspot issues keep emerging.Terrorism is rampant.There is still a long way to go in multilateral arms control and non-proliferation.中方認(rèn)為，為進(jìn)一步公正、有效地推進(jìn)多邊軍控和防擴(kuò)散進(jìn)程，國際社會(huì)應(yīng)秉持以互信、互利、平等、協(xié)作為核心的新安全觀，充分尊重和照顧各國正當(dāng)安全關(guān)切，努力建立相互理解和信賴的國家關(guān)系，堅(jiān)持多邊主義，鞏固以聯(lián)合國為核心的集體安全體系，通過互利共贏實(shí)現(xiàn)普遍安全。

China maintains that, in order to further push forward the multilateral arms control and non-proliferation process in a fair and effective way, the international community should embrace a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, fully respect and accommodate the legitimate security concerns of countries, establish state-to-state relations of mutual understanding and mutual trust, adhere to multilateralism, consolidate the collective security system with the United Nations(UN)at its core and attain the goal of security for all through mutually beneficial means.主席先生，Mr.Chairman, 全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器，實(shí)現(xiàn)無核武器世界，關(guān)系到全人類的福祉，也是世界各國愛好和平人們的共同愿望。當(dāng)前，推進(jìn)國際核裁軍進(jìn)程正面臨難得的機(jī)遇，國際社會(huì)應(yīng)共同努力，在以下幾方面采取切實(shí)舉措：

To prohibit completely and destruct thoroughly nuclear weapons and realize a world free of such weapons is related to the welfare of all mankind and is the common aspiration of all the peace-loving people from all countries of the world.At present, the international society is facing a good opportunity to push forward the international nuclear disarmament process, and should make joint efforts to take the following practical measures:

一、核武器國家應(yīng)切實(shí)履行《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》第六條規(guī)定的核裁軍義務(wù)，并公開承諾不尋求永遠(yuǎn)擁有核武器。同時(shí)應(yīng)切實(shí)維護(hù)全球戰(zhàn)略平衡與穩(wěn)定。美俄作為擁有最龐大核武庫的國家，應(yīng)繼續(xù)率先以可核查、不可逆的方式大幅度削減核武器。我們歡迎美俄談判新的雙邊核裁軍協(xié)議，希望雙方早日達(dá)成協(xié)議。

Firstly, nuclear-weapon states should fulfill in good faith their nuclear disarmament obligations as contained in the Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons(NPT), and publicly undertake not to seek permanent possession of nuclear weapons.At the same time, the global strategic balance and stability should be maintained.As countries with the largest nuclear arsenals, the United States and the Russian Federation should continue to take the lead in making drastic and substantive reductions in their nuclear weapons in a verifiable and irreversible manner.We welcome the negotiations on a new bilateral agreement on the reduction of strategic weapons by the United States and the Russia Federation, and hope that two sides will reach agreement at an early date.二、核武器國家應(yīng)降低核武器在國家安全中的作用，放棄以首先使用核武器為基礎(chǔ)的核威懾政策，切實(shí)減少核武器威脅。所有核武器國家應(yīng)該明確承諾無條件不對無核武器國家和無核武器區(qū)使用或威脅使用核武器，并就此達(dá)成具有法律約束力的國際文書。同時(shí)，核武器國家之間應(yīng)該談判締結(jié)互不首先使用核武器條約。

Secondly, nuclear-weapon states should reduce the role of nuclear weapons in their national security and abandon the doctrines of nuclear deterrence based on the first use of nuclear weapons, so as to practically reduce nuclear threats.All nuclear-weapon states should undertake clearly and unconditionally not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones, and conclude a legally-binding international instrument on it.In the meantime, nuclear-weapon states should negotiate and conclude a treaty on no-first-use of nuclear weapons against one another.三、國際社會(huì)應(yīng)共同努力，積極推進(jìn)多邊核裁軍進(jìn)程?！度娼购嗽囼?yàn)條約》應(yīng)早日生效。應(yīng)在日內(nèi)瓦裁軍談判會(huì)議框架內(nèi)，盡早啟動(dòng)“禁止生產(chǎn)核武器用裂變材料條約”談判。有關(guān)地區(qū)國家在自行協(xié)商、自愿協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上建立無核武器區(qū)的努力必須得到尊重和支持。

Thirdly, the international community should exert joint efforts to advance the multilateral nuclear disarmament process.The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty(CTBT)should be brought into force at an early date, and the negotiation on the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty should be started in the framework of Conference on Disarmament(CD)in Geneva as soon as possible.The efforts of countries of relevant regions to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones on the basis of consultations among themselves and voluntary agreements must be respected and supported.四、國際社會(huì)應(yīng)適時(shí)制訂一項(xiàng)切實(shí)可行的分階段長遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃，包括締結(jié)《全面禁止核武器公約》，在有效國際監(jiān)督下，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)全面、徹底核裁軍。

Fourthly, to attain the ultimate goal of complete and thorough nuclear disarmament under valid international monitor, the international community should develop, at an appropriate time, a viable, long-term plan composed of phased actions, including the conclusion of a convention of the complete prohibition of nuclear weapons.主席先生，Mr.Chairman, 核不擴(kuò)散與核裁軍相輔相成。有效推進(jìn)國際核不擴(kuò)散努力，切實(shí)消除核擴(kuò)散風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，對維護(hù)國際和地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器至關(guān)重要。為此，國際社會(huì)應(yīng)從以下幾方面付諸努力：

Nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament are mutually reinforcing and supplementary to each other.To push forward the international nuclear non-proliferation efforts effectively and eliminate the risks of nuclear proliferation is extremely important for the realization of the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons and maintaining international and regional peace and stability.In this regard, the international society should channel efforts in the following aspects:

第一，致力于營造一個(gè)和平穩(wěn)定和普遍安全的國際環(huán)境，尊重彼此安全利益，增進(jìn)相互信任，從而在根本上消除保留或謀求核武器的動(dòng)因。

Firstly, foster a peaceful and stable international environment with security for all, respect the security interests of each other, and enhance mutual trust, so as to remove the root causes to reserve or seek nuclear weapons.第二，堅(jiān)持通過對話與談判解決防擴(kuò)散熱點(diǎn)問題。有關(guān)各方應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮政治智慧，共同尋求妥善解決問題的方案。制裁和施壓難以從根本上解決問題。

Secondly, adhere to resolve non-proliferation hotspot issues through dialogue and negotiations.The parties concerned should fully explore political wisdom and jointly seek proper resolutions to the issues.Sanctions and pressure can hardly offer fundamental solutions to the issues.第三，確保國際核不擴(kuò)散努力的公正性和非歧視性，處理好核不擴(kuò)散與和平利用核能的關(guān)系。應(yīng)尊重和保證各國和平利用核能的正當(dāng)權(quán)利。堅(jiān)決摒棄雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的做法。

Thirdly, the impartiality and nondiscrimination of the international efforts in nuclear non-proliferation should be ensured, and a balance between non-proliferation and peaceful use of nuclear energy should be struck.The legitimate rights of each state to peaceful use of nuclear energy should be respected and ensured, and the practice of double standard should be firmly abandoned.第四，切實(shí)鞏固和加強(qiáng)國際核不散法律體系。進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》的普遍性、權(quán)威性和有效性，提高國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的保障監(jiān)督能力，推動(dòng)聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)第1540號決議得到全面執(zhí)行。Fourthly, the international nuclear non-proliferation legal system should be consolidated and enhanced.The universality, authority and effectiveness of the NPT should be further promoted, the safeguard capability of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)be strengthened and the Resolution 1540 of the UN Security Council be implemented in a comprehensive way.第五，在全球范圍內(nèi)提升核安全水平。采取切實(shí)有效措施，加強(qiáng)核設(shè)施和核材料的安全保護(hù)，有效防止核材料流失。各國還應(yīng)在打擊核恐怖主義方面加強(qiáng)合作。

Fifthly, promote nuclear security level in the global scope.Credible and effective measures should be taken to ensure the security of nuclear facilities and materials and prevent the diversion of nuclear materials.Furthermore, all countries should intensify cooperation in combating nuclear terrorism.即將舉行的《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》審議大會(huì)意義重大。各方應(yīng)抓住這一契機(jī)，全面、平衡推進(jìn)條約確立的核不擴(kuò)散、核裁軍與和平利用核能三大目標(biāo)，推動(dòng)審議大會(huì)取得實(shí)質(zhì)性成果。

The upcoming NPT Review Conference is of great significance.All parties should seize this opportunity and work to advance the NPT's three major objectives of nuclear non-proliferation, nuclear disarmament and peaceful use of nuclear energy in a comprehensive and balanced manner, so that the Review Conference could produce substantive outcomes.主席先生，Mr.Chairman，中國一貫主張全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器，堅(jiān)定奉行自衛(wèi)防御的核戰(zhàn)略。中國始終恪守在任何時(shí)候和任何情況下都不首先使用核武器，無條件不對無核武器國家和無核武器區(qū)使用或威脅使用核武器的承諾。中國是唯一做出上述承諾的核武器國家。中國在核武器發(fā)展方面始終采取極為克制的態(tài)度，從未參加任何形式的核軍備競賽，也從未在別國部署核武器。這本身就是我們?yōu)楹瞬密娛聵I(yè)做出的獨(dú)特貢獻(xiàn)。

China has always stood for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons, and adheres firmly to the nuclear strategy of self-defense.We have faithfully abided by our commitment that we will not be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances and that we will unconditionally not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones.In fact, China is the only nuclear weapon state that has undertaken such a commitment.China has always exercised the utmost restraint on development of nuclear weapons.We have never participated in any form of nuclear arms race and have never deployed such weapons on foreign soil.This, in itself, is our unique contribution to nuclear disarmament.中國一直積極支持和參與國際防擴(kuò)散努力，嚴(yán)格履行防擴(kuò)散國際義務(wù)，已建立起一整套與國際接軌的出口管制法律法規(guī)體系。中國始終主張通過對話與談判和平解決朝鮮半島核問題和伊朗核問題，并為此做出了不懈努力。我們愿與有關(guān)各方一道，繼續(xù)積極推進(jìn)朝鮮半島無核化目標(biāo)，推動(dòng)伊朗核問題得到妥善解決，維護(hù)國際核不擴(kuò)散體系，維護(hù)有關(guān)地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定。

China has always supported and participated actively in the international non-proliferation efforts.We have fulfilled strictly our obligations of international non-proliferation and put in place a comprehensive system of laws and regulations on export control which are basically identical with international practices.China calls for peaceful resolutions to the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula and the Iranian nuclear issue through dialogue and negotiation, and has made unremitting efforts toward this goal.We are ready to work with other relevant parties to actively promote the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and proper settlement of the Iranian nuclear issue, with a view to safeguarding international non-proliferation regime and maintaining regional peace and stability.主席先生，Mr.Chairman，宣布2010年代為第四個(gè)“裁軍十年”，對推動(dòng)國際軍控與防擴(kuò)散進(jìn)程具有重要意義。在去年裁審會(huì)上，各方圍繞第四個(gè)“裁軍十年”宣言草案要素內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了有益的討論，取得不少共識。中方希望各方繼續(xù)努力，尊重和照顧彼此關(guān)切，相向而行，早日就宣言草案要素達(dá)成一致。

It is of great significance for promoting the international arms control and non-proliferation process to declare the decade of 2010 as the Fourth Disarmament Decade.In the last session of the UNDC, various parties carried out beneficial discussion on the Elements of a Draft Declaration of the Fourth Disarmament Decade and reached much common understanding.We hope that all parties will intensify efforts, respect and accommodate each other's concerns, work together and try to reach agreement on the Elements of a Draft Declaration at an early date.中方認(rèn)為，第四個(gè)“裁軍十年”宣言應(yīng)堅(jiān)持《聯(lián)合國憲章》的宗旨和原則，以及第一屆裁軍特別聯(lián)大《最后文件》確立的有關(guān)軍控和裁軍指導(dǎo)原則，根據(jù)當(dāng)前國際安全形勢的新特點(diǎn)，明確今后十年軍控與防擴(kuò)散工作的主要任務(wù)和優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。宣言內(nèi)容應(yīng)全面平衡，能夠得到各方普遍支持。

China is of the view that the Declaration of the Fourth Disarmament Decade should be in line with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and the guiding principles enshrined in the Final Document of the First Special Session of the General Assembly Devoted to Disarmament(SSOD-I).Based on the new characteristics of the current international security situation, the Declaration should specify the main tasks and priorities of the international arms control and non-proliferation for next decade.The content of the Declaration should be comprehensive and well-balanced, which will obtain universal support from all parties.主席先生，Mr.Chairman, 裁審會(huì)是唯一多邊裁軍審議機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)裁審會(huì)工作，對新形勢下推進(jìn)多邊軍控和防擴(kuò)散進(jìn)程具有積極作用。中方愿與各方共同努力，推動(dòng)本次裁審會(huì)的各項(xiàng)工作取得積極進(jìn)展，為推動(dòng)國際軍控與防擴(kuò)散進(jìn)程公正、合理、健康發(fā)展做出我們的貢獻(xiàn)。

The UNDC is the sole multilateral disarmament deliberative body.In the new situation, strengthening the work of the UNDC will play a positive role in advancing the multilateral arms control and non-proliferation.China is willing to make joint efforts with all other parties to promote the work of this session of the UNDC, with a view to making contributions to the fair, reasonable and sound development of the international arms control and non-proliferation process.謝謝主席先生。

I thank you, Mr.Chairman.

第四篇：溫家寶在第63屆聯(lián)合國大會(huì)一般性辯論上的發(fā)言

堅(jiān)持改革開放堅(jiān)持和平發(fā)展

━━在第６３屆聯(lián)合國大會(huì)一般性辯論上的發(fā)言

中華人民共和國國務(wù)院總理溫家寶

（２００８年９月２４日）

主席先生：

今年，對于中國來說，是不平凡的一年。我們經(jīng)歷了兩件大事：第一件事是汶川特大地震災(zāi)害造成了巨大的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。中國人民在災(zāi)難面前表現(xiàn)了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、勇敢、團(tuán)結(jié)和不屈不撓的精神。目前，受災(zāi)群眾得到了妥善安置，恢復(fù)重建工作正在有條不紊地展開。第二件事是北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)成功舉辦。這一體育盛會(huì)不僅為來自世界各地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員展示風(fēng)采創(chuàng)造了良好的條件，而且讓世界更多地了解中國，讓中國更多地了解世界。在抗震救災(zāi)和舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的過程中，我們得到了國際社會(huì)的廣泛理解、支持和幫助。在此，我代表中國政府和人民表示誠摯的感謝。

世界都在關(guān)注北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)后中國政治經(jīng)濟(jì)走向。我可以明確地告訴大家，中國將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持改革開放不動(dòng)搖，繼續(xù)貫徹獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。這符合中國人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，順應(yīng)世界潮流。

這次北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)是在中國這樣一個(gè)最大的發(fā)展中國家舉行的。國際社會(huì)對中國政府和人民為此做出的努力給予了高度評價(jià)。奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成功舉辦，使中國人民受到了極大的鼓舞，增強(qiáng)了實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的信心和力量。同時(shí)，我們清醒地看到，中國有１３億人口，雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)總量已經(jīng)位居世界前列，但人均收入水平仍排在世界１００位之后，城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展和區(qū)域發(fā)展很不平衡，農(nóng)村特別是西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村還很落后，還有數(shù)以千萬計(jì)的人口沒有解決溫飽。中國仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，生產(chǎn)力不發(fā)達(dá)的狀況沒有根本改變，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展還受到資源、能源、環(huán)境等瓶頸的制約。中國的社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制還不完善，民主法制還不健全，一些社會(huì)問題還比較突出。中國實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的任務(wù)還很繁重，道路還很漫長。擺在我們面前的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)都是空前的。抓住機(jī)遇，迎接挑戰(zhàn)，聚精會(huì)神搞建設(shè)，一心一意謀發(fā)展，這就是中國政府和中國人民的理念和行動(dòng)。

中國發(fā)展靠什么？靠改革開放。今年是中國改革開放３０周年。改革開放從根本上改變了中國長期封閉落后和沉悶僵化的狀況，打破了束縛人們的思想桎梏，調(diào)動(dòng)了億萬人民群眾的積極性，大大解放了生產(chǎn)力，有力地推動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的大發(fā)展，給中國大地帶來了蓬勃生機(jī)和活力。中國３０年的變化，得益于改革開放。中國要實(shí)現(xiàn)富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的現(xiàn)代化目標(biāo)，仍然要靠改革開放。改革開放是決定當(dāng)代中國命運(yùn)的關(guān)鍵抉擇，也是決定中國未來前途的戰(zhàn)略方向。中國堅(jiān)持改革開放的政策是堅(jiān)定不移的。中華民族自古以來就有崇尚革新、兼收并蓄、博采眾長的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)和智慧。今天，中國人更從３０年改革開放的切身經(jīng)驗(yàn)中體會(huì)到，只有不斷而深入地推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、政治體制等各項(xiàng)改革，才是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步的永恒動(dòng)力；只有全面而持久地?cái)U(kuò)大對外開放，才是國家富強(qiáng)和民族繁榮的正確道路。這不但是實(shí)踐探索的結(jié)論，也是歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)。

主席先生：

世界需要和平，和平才能發(fā)展。中國要實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的發(fā)展目標(biāo)，渴望有一個(gè)和平的國際環(huán)境。中國政府堅(jiān)定不移地奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各國加強(qiáng)合作，共同促進(jìn)人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)。

尊重主權(quán)和互不干涉內(nèi)政是國與國之間發(fā)展關(guān)系的前提。近代屈辱的歷史使中國人民懂得，一個(gè)國家喪失主權(quán)，人民就沒有尊嚴(yán)和地位。中國堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)來之不易的國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，決不允許任何外來干涉。同時(shí)，中國堅(jiān)持平等相待，尊重別國的主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，尊重各國人民自主選擇的社會(huì)制度和發(fā)展道路。

中國愿意在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上，同所有國家發(fā)展友好關(guān)系，不以意識形態(tài)和社會(huì)制度定親疏。在國際事務(wù)中，我們依照事情本身的是非曲直獨(dú)立作出判斷，根據(jù)國家利益和世界人民的福祉決定自己的立場，不盲從，不屈服于任何勢力。在國際關(guān)系中，中國不結(jié)盟，更不當(dāng)頭，而且永遠(yuǎn)不結(jié)盟、不當(dāng)頭。

和平解決國際爭端是聯(lián)合國的宗旨，也是國際法的基本原則。中國堅(jiān)持以對話和協(xié)商的方式處理與其它國家的歷史遺留問題和現(xiàn)實(shí)分歧。同時(shí)，作為聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)常任理事國，中國將一如既往地為推動(dòng)和平解決國際熱點(diǎn)問題和地區(qū)沖突發(fā)揮積極的建設(shè)性作用。

中國的發(fā)展是和平的發(fā)展，不會(huì)損害任何人，也不會(huì)威脅任何人。中國現(xiàn)在不稱霸，將來也絕不稱霸。中國保持和發(fā)展適當(dāng)?shù)能娛铝α?，完全是為了維護(hù)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整。當(dāng)代中華民族的自信和榮光是建立在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)公正、國民素質(zhì)和道德力量的基礎(chǔ)之上的。中國將以自身的發(fā)展促進(jìn)世界的和平與發(fā)展。

主席先生：

在人類漫長的發(fā)展史上，世界各國的命運(yùn)從未像今天這樣緊密相連，休戚與共。面對氣候變暖、環(huán)境惡化、資源緊缺、疫病和自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)、恐怖主義蔓延等一系列威脅人類生存和發(fā)展的全球性問題，面對當(dāng)前金融、能源、糧食三大難題交織爆發(fā)的嚴(yán)峻局面，任何一個(gè)國家都無法置身其外，也難以單獨(dú)應(yīng)對。特別是當(dāng)前國際金融動(dòng)蕩，已經(jīng)波及許多國家，影響還會(huì)加劇，各國應(yīng)當(dāng)通力合作，迎接挑戰(zhàn)。全世界的人們，包括各國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，只要消除敵視、隔閡和偏見，以包容開放的胸懷坦誠相待，攜手前行，人類一定會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝各種困難，也一定會(huì)擁有一個(gè)更加光明美好的未來。中國作為一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)的發(fā)展中大國，愿與國際社會(huì)一道，加強(qiáng)合作，共同分享機(jī)遇，應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，為推動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)世界的和諧與可持續(xù)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量。

謝謝大家！

Full text of Chinese premier's speech

at General Debate of 63rd Session of UN General Assembly

UNITED NATIONS, Sept.25(Xinhua)--The following is the full text of the speech delivered by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao at the General Debate of the 63rd Session of the UN General Assembly on Wednesday.China Committed to Reform and Opening-up and Peaceful Development

Speech by H.E.Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China At the General Debate of the 63rd Session of the UN General Assembly 24 September 2008 Mr.President，F(xiàn)or China, this has been a special year.We experienced two major events.One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which caused grave losses of life and property.In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience.By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway.The other was the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games.This grand sporting event provided a good opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship.It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world.In our fight against the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, support and assistance from the international community.I wish to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically, after the Beijing Olympic Games.Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace.This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries.It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world.The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games.And its success has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country.At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is a country with 1.3 billion people.Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more than 100 countries in terms of per capita income.Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced.The rural areas, particularly those in western China, are underdeveloped.Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing.China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social issues are yet to be resolved.To achieve China's modernization is a daunting task and we still have a long way to go.Both the opportunities and challenges that we face are unprecedented.We will seize the opportunities, rise up to challenges, dedicate ourselves to nation-building and focus on development.This is what the Chinese Government and people have been thinking and doing.People may ask: How does China achieve its development? The answer is through reform and opening-up.This year marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up policy, a policy that fundamentally changed the closed, backward, and ossified situation which had existed in China for years.It is a policy that freed people's mind and aroused their initiative, liberated the productive forces, generated great economic and social progress, and instilled vigor and vitality into the country.Without this policy, there would not have been such changes in China in the last 30 years.To achieve the goal of modernization and build a strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious country, we will stick to the reform and opening-up policy.It is a choice of vital importance to the development of China today.It is also a strategy that will shape China's future.We are firm in carrying this policy forward.The Chinese nation has all along cherished the fine tradition and benefited from the wisdom of being open to new ideas and drawing on the strengths of others.The Chinese people have learned from 30 years of reform and opening-up that only continued economic and political restructuring and reform in other fields can lead to sustained economic growth and social progress, and only continued opening-up in an all-round way can lead the country to greater national strength and prosperity.This is the conclusion we have drawn both from our practice and exploration and from historical experiences.Mr.President，The world needs peace, for only with peace can there be development.China earnestly hopes to have a peaceful international environment in order to achieve its development goals.The Chinese Government is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and stands ready to work with other countries to advance the noble cause of peace and progress of mankind.Respect for sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries is the prerequisite for sound state-to-state relations.The Chinese people have learned from their modern history of humiliation that when a country loses sovereignty, its people lose dignity and status.China is firm in upholding its hard-won sovereignty and territorial integrity and will never tolerate any external interference.Following the principle of treating each other as equals, China also respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries as well as the independent choice of their people for social systems and development paths.China is ready to develop friendly relations with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit rather than on ideology or political system.In handling international affairs, we make our own judgment on the merit of each case and take our position in light of our national interests and the wellbeing of the world's people.We will neither blindly follow the position of others nor give way to the pressure of any forces.In international relations, China does not seek to build alliance or become a leader and will never do so in the future.Peaceful settlement of international disputes is a founding purpose of the United Nations and a basic principle of international law.China is committed to addressing issues left over from history and current differences with other countries through dialogue and negotiation.As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China will continue to play an active and constructive role in promoting peaceful settlement of international hotspot issues and regional conflicts.China's development is peaceful in nature.It will not harm anyone or pose a threat to anyone.China does not seek hegemony now, nor will it do so in the future.China keeps and develops an appropriate level of military capability solely for the purpose of safeguarding China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.The confidence and pride of the Chinese nation today are based on China's economic development, social justice, civility of the people and moral strength.China will, through its own development, contribute to peace and development of the world.Mr.President，In the long history of mankind, the destinies of countries have never been so closely linked as they are today.Given the global nature of issues threatening the survival and development of mankind such as climate change, environmental degradation, resources constraints, frequent outbreaks of diseases and natural disasters and the spread of terrorism, and in the face of the intertwining challenges of finance, energy and food, no country can expect to stay away from the difficulties or handle the problems all by itself.In particular, the international financial instability has spread to many countries now and its impact will grow even greater.All countries should work together to meet the challenges.So long as people of all countries, especially their leaders, can do away with hostility, estrangement and prejudice, treat each other with sincerity and an open mind, and forge ahead hand in hand, mankind will overcome all difficulties and embrace a brighter future.China, as a responsible major developing country, is ready to work with other members of the international community to strengthen cooperation, share opportunities, meet challenges and contribute to the harmonious and sustainable development of the world.Thank you.Full text of Chinese premier's speech

at General Debate of 63rd Session of UN General Assembly

Speech by H.E.Wen Jiabao

'Turning Your Eyes to China'

DEAN KIM CLARK: It's a great pleasure and a privilege to welcome you here today to this historic occasion.On behalf of the faculty and the staff and the students of the Harvard Business School I welcome all of you to our campus.We're certainly pleased to have Premier Wen here today on this great occasion.It's my good fortune to be able to introduce to you today my good friend, Bill Kirby, who is Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.Bill.DEAN KIRBY: Thank you very much, Kim.The Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard joins in welcoming all of you and our distinguished guests from the People's Republic of China.Today is a very important occasion, an opportunity for dialogue between members of the Harvard community and the leader of one of the most rapidly transforming and transformative countries in the world, whose future is closely intertwined with our own.And in this global era, universities serve an increasingly important function.We are points of connection and communication between citizens of different regions of the world.Harvard is honored to welcome Premier Wen and his delegation.As the first line of “The Analects” tells us, “How very glad we are to welcome friends from afar.” Our guest speaker today is, as you know, the Premier of the People's Republic of China, Premier Wen Jiabao.Seated to the Premier's left is Mr.Li Zhaoxing, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic.Next to Minister Li is Ma Kai, Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission.To Mr.Ma Kai's left is Mr.Wei Liqun, who is Director of the Research Office of the State Council.And seated next to the Director is the Honorable Yang Jiechi, the Ambassador of the People's Republic of China to the United States.And let me introduce the gentleman to my right.We have already had the pleasure of hearing from Dean Kim Clark of the Harvard Business School.And the gentleman to his right, Professor Dwight Perkins, the Director of the Harvard University Asia Center.To Professor Perkins' right is Professor Wilt Edema, Director of Harvard's Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, and to his right is the Honorable Clark Randt, the United States Ambassador to the People's Republic of China.Welcome, Ambassador Grant.Thank you all for coming, and may I now introduce our next speaker, ladies and gentlemen, the President of Harvard University, Lawrence Summers.PRESIDENT SUMMERS: Thanks very much, Bill.On a day like this I am particularly glad to have a distinguished scholar of Chinese history as the Dean of our Faculty of Arts and Sciences.Premier Wen, we are honored to have you here today.On behalf of the entire Harvard community and especially the 350 Chinese students at Harvard, and the nearly 500 scholars, teachers and professors at Harvard, I am delighted to welcome you to our university.When the history of our era is written a century or two from now I suspect that the end of the Cold War, the fall of the Berlin Wall, may be the second story in that history.The first story in that history may be the dramatic developments on the Asian continent over the last quarter century and the next, and at the center of that story is your country, China.This is surely a moment of promise, of risk, and of opportunity in China.And our distinguished speaker, Wen Jiabao, is poised to lead China into a new era with great potential for growth and prosperity.A geologist by training and an experienced public servant over more than three decades, Premier Wen has the very well-established reputation of being a very able and very well-trusted statesman.He and I had a chance to meet, it was my very great privilege to meet with him, when I traveled to China several years ago on behalf of the U.S.government, and I am now delighted to welcome to Harvard University Premier Wen.Premier Wen, we look forward to your remarks.PREMIER WEN: Mr.President, ladies and gentlemen.I would like to begin by sincerely thanking President Summers for his kind invitation.Harvard is a world famous institution of higher learning, attracting the best minds and bringing them up generation after generation.In its 367 years of history, Harvard has produced seven American presidents and more than 40 Nobel Laureates.You have reason to be proud of your university.It is my great pleasure today to stand on your rostrum and have this face-to-face exchange with you.I like young people very much.Because young people are always so energetic and they have the least conservative ideas, and they represent the future of our world.And this year during the outbreak of the SARS epidemic, I thought about the students.I cared a lot for them, and I wanted to gain strength from them.So that was why I went to our Tsinghua University to have lunch with them.And also I went to Beijing University and I had a chat with the students in the library.At that time probably you could not have imagined what an atmosphere we were in, but I felt that the young people were as hopeful as ever.They always dream about a beautiful future.They pointed to the trees outside the window and said to me, “People like to say that when all the leaves grow, when the tree becomes green all over, this crisis will be over.And they also said that they would all rather be the green leaves themselves, and they asked me, Premier, in this big tree, which part of the tree are you? I immediately replied, ”I'm also one of the leaves like you.“

I think the developments proved to be like they predicted.When spring came back, when the trees became green, this outbreak was driven away.As the speaker today, of course I think I need to explain myself a little bit to my audience, and I owe you this because in this way we can have a heart-to-heart discussion.As you know, as you probably know, I'm the son of a schoolteacher.I spent my childhood mostly in the smoke and fire of war.I was not as fortunate as you as a child.When Japanese aggressors drove all the people in my place to the Central Plaza, I had to huddle closely against my mother.Later on, my whole family and house were all burned up, and even the primary school that my grandpa built himself all went up in flames.In my work life, most of the time I worked in areas under the most harsh conditions in China.Therefore I know my country and my people quite well and I love them so deeply.The title of my speech today is ”Turning Your Eyes To China.“ China and the United States are far apart, and they differ, they differ greatly in the level of economic development and culture.[At this point a protester interrupted.]

Please allow me to continue with my speech.Ladies and gentlemen, I will not be disrupted.Because I'm deeply convinced that the 300 million American people do have friendly feelings towards the Chinese people.And I'm deeply convinced the development and improvement of China-U.S.relations will not only serve the interests of our two peoples but is also conducive to peace and stability of the whole world.I know that China and the United States are far apart geographically and they differ greatly in the level of economic development and a cultural background.I hope my speech will help increase our mutual understanding.In order to understand the true China, a changing society full of promises, it is necessary to get to know her yesterday, her today, and her tomorrow.China yesterday was a big ancient country that created a splendid civilization.As we all know in history of mankind there appeared the Mesopotamian civilization in West Asia, the ancient Egyptian civilization along the Nile in North Africa, the ancient Greek-Roman civilization along the northern bank of the Mediterranean, the ancient Indian civilization in the Indus River Valley in South Asia, and the Chinese civilization originating in the Yellow and Yangtze River Valleys.Owing to earthquake, flood, plague and famine, or to alien invasion or internal turmoil, some of these ancient civilizations withered away, some were destroyed and others became assimilated into other civilizations.Only the Chinese civilization, thanks to its strong cohesive power and inexhaustible appeal, has survived many vicissitudes intact.The 5,000-year-long civilization is the source of pride of every Chinese.The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course.More than 2,000 years ago there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius.Taoism, represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term, ”the masters' hundred schools.“ From Confucius to Dr.Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic.For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all.Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying, ”everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country;“ the populist ideas that, people are the foundation of the country and that people are more important than the monarch;the code of conduct of, don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you;and the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation: long suffering and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education.All these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.On this year's Teacher's Day, which fell on the 10th of September, I specially went to see Professor Ji Xianlin of Peking University in his hospital ward.Professor Ji, 92 years old, is a great scholar in both Chinese and Western learning, and specializing in Oriental studies.I enjoy reading his prose.And he had a very good habit that is even in his hospital he would keep a journal, in fact a very beautiful essay about what he saw and did and felt for that particular day.And he studied a special Oriental language and probably he is among the very few in the world who actually knows this language.In our conversation we talked about the movement of Eastern learning spreading to the West, and also Western learning spreading to the East in modern times.In the 17th and 18th centuries, foreign missionaries translated Chinese classics into European languages and introduced them to Europe, and this aroused great interest in some eminent scholars and enlightenment thinkers there.Among them, Descartes, Leibniz, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Goethe and Kant all studied the traditional Chinese culture.In my younger days I read Voltaire's writings.He said that a thinker who wanted to study the history of this planet should first turn his eyes to the East, China included.He once said that when people in many other countries are debating about the origin of the human species the Chinese are already seriously writing about their history.Interestingly, one and a half centuries ago, R.W.Emerson, a famous American philosopher and outstanding Harvard graduate, also fell for the traditional Chinese culture.He quoted profusely from Confucius and Mencius in his essays.He placed Confucius on a par with Socrates and Jesus Christ, saying that we read the moral teachings of the Confucius school with profit today, though they were addressed to a state of society unlike ours.Rereading these words of Voltaire and Emerson today, I cannot but admire their wisdom and far sight.China today is a country in reform and opening up, and a rising power dedicated to peace.The late Dr.John King Fairbank used the following words to describe China's overpopulation and land scarcity.On the land owned by one farmer in the U.S., there might live hundreds of people forming a village in China.He went on to say that although the Americans were mostly farmers in the past, they never felt such pressure of population density.A large population and underdevelopment are the two facts China has to face.Since China has 1.3 billion people, I often like to say, I often like to make a very easy but at the same time very complicated division and multiplication.That is, any small individual problem multiplied by 1.3 billion becomes a big, big problem.And any considerable amount of financial and material resources divided by 1.3 billion becomes a very low per capita level.And becomes really small.This is a reality the Chinese leaders have to keep firmly in mind at all times.We can rely on no one else except ourselves to resolve the problems facing our 1.3 billion people.Since the founding of the People's Republic, we have achieved much in our national reconstruction.At the same time we have made a few detours and missed some opportunities.By 1978, with the adoption of the reform and opening up policies, we had ultimately found the right path of development.The Chinese people's path of independently building socialism with Chinese characteristics.The essence of this path of development is to mobilize all positive factors, emancipate and develop the productive forces, and respect and protect the freedom of the Chinese people to pursue happiness.China's reform and opening up have spread from rural areas to the cities, from the economic field to the political, cultural, and social arenas.Each and every step forward is designed in the final analysis to release the gushing vitality of labor, knowledge, technology, managerial expertise and capital, and allow all sources of social wealth to flow to the fullest extent.For quite some time in the past, China had a structure of highly centralized planned economy.With deepening restructuring towards the socialist market economy and progress in a development of democratic politics, there was gradual lifting of the former improper restrictions, visible and invisible, on people's freedom in the choice of occupation, mobility, enterprise, investment, information, travel, faith and lifestyles.This has brought extensive and profound changes never seen before in China's history.On one hand, the enthusiasm of the work force in both cities and countryside has been set free.In particular, hundreds of millions of farmers are now able to leave their old villages and move into towns and the cities, especially in the coastal areas.And tens of millions of intellectuals are now able to bring their talent and creativity into full play.On the other hand, the massive assets owned by the state can now be revitalized.A private capital pool in the amount of trillions of yuan can take shape, and more than 500 billion U.S.dollars' worth of overseas capital can flow in.This combination of capital and labor results in a drama of industrialization and urbanization of a size rarely seen in human history being staged on 9.6 million square kilometers of land called China.Here lies the secret of the 9.4 percent annual growth rate that Chinese economy has been able to maintain in the past 25 years.The tremendous wealth created by China in the past quarter of a century has not only enabled our 1.3 billion countrymen to meet their basic needs for food, clothing and shelter and basically realize a modestly comfortable standard of living but also contributed to world development.China owes all this progress to the policy of reform and opening up and in the final analysis to the freedom-inspired creativity of the Chinese people.It has become so clear to me that, at the current stage, China has an abundant supply of labor in proportion to her limited natural resources and short capital.If no effective measures are taken to protect the fundamental rights of our massive labor force, and in particular the farmer workers coming to the cities, they may end up a miserable plight as described in the novels by Charles Dickens and Theodore Dreiser.Without effective protection of the citizens' rights to property, it will be difficult to attract and accumulate valuable capital.Therefore the Chinese government is committed to protecting the fundamental rights of all the working and the right to property, both public and private.This has been explicitly provided for in China's laws and put into practice.China's reform and opening-up is exactly aimed at promoting human rights in China.The two are mutually dependent and reinforcing.Reform and opening-up creates conditions for the advancement of human rights, and the advancement of human rights invigorates the former.If one separates the two and thinks that China only goes after economic growth and ignores the protection of human rights, such a view does not square with the facts.Just as President FDR said, true individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independence, and necessitous men are not free men.I am not suggesting that China's human rights situation is impeccable.The Chinese government has all along been making earnest efforts to correct the malpractices and negative factors of one kind or another in the human rights field.It is extremely important and difficult in China to combine development, reform and stability.Seeing is believing.If our friends come to China and see for themselves, they will be able to judge objectively and appreciate the progress made there in human rights and the Chinese government's hard work in upholding human rights since the beginning of reform and opening-up.China is a large developing country.It is neither proper nor possible for us to rely on foreign countries for development.We must and we can only rely on our own efforts.In other words, while opening still wider to the outside world, we must more fully and more consciously depend on our own structural innovation, on constantly expanding the domestic market, on converting the huge savings of our citizens into investment, and on improving the quality of the population and scientific and technological progress to solve the problems of resources and the environment.Here lies the essence of China's relative peaceful rise and development.Of course, China is still a developing country.There is an obvious gap between its urban and rural areas and between its eastern and western regions.If you travel to the coastal cities in China's southeast, you will see modern size skyscrapers, busy traffic, and brightly lit streets.But that is not what China is all about.In vast rural areas of China, especially in the central and western rural parts, there are still many backward places.Not long ago, Secretary Evans of Commerce had a talk with me about China/U.S.economic relations and trade.Before he met with me he went to see some rural areas in China's west and in our meeting he showed me two pictures he shot in his visit and reflected the state of backwardness in those quarters.And in fact he felt strongly about what he saw.He said that he would never forget the people that he met within that trip.I said to him that out of the total of 2,500 counties in China I have personally been to 1,800 of them and I've been to the poorest areas in China.I said to him that what you saw in fact is not the poorest of areas and I said that if you can see what China really is then our discussion today would be very easy.And our conversation did indeed turn out to be very interesting and useful.In those poor and remote mountain villages folks still use manual labor and animals to till the land.They live in houses made of sun-dried mud bricks.In times of severe drought there will be scarcity of drinking water for people and animals.I often remember in my mind two lines from a poem written by Mr.Chen Banjao in 18th century.That is:

The rustling of bamboo outside my door Sounds like the moaning of the needy poor.As the premier of China I'm often torn with anxiety and unable to eat or sleep with ease when I think of the fact that there are still 30 million farmers lacking food, clothing and shelter, 23 million city dwellers living on subsistence allowances and 60 million disabled and handicapped people in need of social security aid.For China to reach the level of developed countries it will still take the sustained hard work of several generations, a dozen generations or even dozens of generations.China tomorrow will continue to be a major country that loves peace and has a great deal to look forward.Peace loving has been a time-honored quality of the Chinese nation.The very first emperor of the Qin Dynasty commanded the building of the Great Wall 2,000 years ago for defense purposes.The Tang Dynasty opened up the Silk Road one thousand years ago in order to sell silk, tea and porcelain to other parts of the world.Five hundred years ago, Zheng He, the famous diplomat navigator of the Ming Dynasty, led seven maritime expeditions to seek friendly ties with other countries, taking along China's exquisite products, advanced farming and handicraft skills.The great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy once called the Chinese nation the oldest and largest nation, and, the most peace-loving nation in the world.As the modern times began, the ignorance, corruption and self-imposed seclusion of the feudal dynasties led China to prolonged social stagnation, declining national strength and repeated invasions by the foreign powers.Despite compounded disasters and humiliation, the Chinese nation never gave up, and managed to emerge from each setback stronger than before.A nation learns a lot more in times of disaster and setback than in normal times.Now, China has laid down her three-step strategy towards modernization.From now to the year 2020, China will complete the building of a comfortable society in an all-round way.By 2049, the year the People's Republic will celebrate its centenary, we will have reached the level of a medium-developed country.We have no illusions but believe that on our way forward, we shall encounter many difficulties foreseeable and unpredictable and face all kinds of tough challenges.We cannot afford to lose such a sense of crisis.Of course, the Chinese government and people are confident enough to overcome all the difficulties and achieve our ambitious goals through our vigorous efforts.This is because the overriding trend of the present-day world is towards peace and development.China's development is blessed with a rare period of strategic opportunities.And if we don't grasp it, it will slip away.We are determined to secure a peaceful international environment and a stable domestic environment in which to concentrate on our own development, and with it to help promote world peace and development.This is because the socialism China adheres to is brimming with vigor and vitality.From the day when I became Prime Minister, I made an analogy.I said that socialism is like an ocean that takes in all the rivers and will never go dry.While planting our feet solidly on our national conditions we will boldly press ahead with reform and opening-up, and boldly absorb all fine achievements of human civilizations.There is no limit to the life and exuberance of a socialism that is good at self-readjustment and self-improvement.This is because 25 years of reform and opening-up has given China a considerable material accumulation, and her economy has gained a foothold in the world.The motivation of China's millions to pursue happiness and create wealth is an inexhaustible reservoir of drive for the country's modernization.This is because the Chinese nation has rich and profound cultural reserves.Harmony without uniformity is a great idea put forth by ancient Chinese thinkers.It means harmony without sameness, and difference without conflict.Harmony entails co-existence and co-prosperity, while difference conduces to mutual complementation and mutual support.To approach and address issues from such a perspective will not only help enhance relations with friendly countries, but also serve to resolve contradictions in the international community.Ladies and Gentlemen, A deeper mutual understanding is a two-way process.I hope American people, young people in this country, will turn their eyes to China.I also trust that our young people will turn their eyes more to the United States.The United States is a great country.Since the days of the early settlers the Americans with their toughness, frontier spirit, pragmatism, innovation, and their respect for knowledge, admission of talents, their scientific tradition and rule of law, have forged the prosperity of this country.The composure, courage and readiness to help one another shown by the American people in the face of the September 11th terrorist attacks are truly admirable.Entering the 21st century, mankind is confronted with more complicated economic and social problems.The cultural element will have a more important role to play in the new century.Different nations may speak different languages, but the people's hearts and feelings are interlinked.Different cultures may present manifold features, yet they often share the same rational core elements that can always be passed on by people.The civilizations of different nations are all fruits of human wisdom and contribution to human progress;they call for mutual respect.Conflicts triggered by ignorance or prejudice are sometimes more dreadful than those caused by contradictory interests.We propose to seek common in a spirit of equality and tolerance, and carry on extensive inter-civilization dialogue and closer cultural exchanges.In his poem, ”Malvern Hill," the famous American poet Herman Melville wrote:

Wag the world how it will.Leaves must be green in Spring.The youth represents the future of the nation and the world.Faced with the bright prospect of China-U.S.relations in the new century, I hope the young people of China and the young people of the United States will join their hands more closely.Ladies and Gentlemen, Chinese forefathers formulated their goals as follows:

To ordain conscience for Heaven and Earth.To secure life and fortune for the people.To continue lost teachings for past sages.To establish peace for all future generations.Today, mankind is in the middle of a period of drastic social change.It would be a wise approach for all countries to carry forward their fine cultural heritages by tracing back their origin, passing on the essentials, learning from one another and breaking new ground.My appeal is that we work together with our wisdom and strength for the progress and development of human civilization.Our success will do credit to our forbears and bring benefit to our posterity.In this way, our children and their children will be able to live in a more peaceful, more tranquil and more prosperous world.I am convinced that such an immensely bright and beautiful tomorrow will arrive.Thank you for your attention.Now I'll be happy to take questions from you.You may raise your hands.DEAN KIRBY: Thank you, Premier Wen, for your wide ranging and very interesting historical perspective.And as a historian I have many questions I would like to ask you, but it's not my turn.We have several questions that have been submitted by our students, and I just have to tell you that students ask much harder questions than deans.So if I may read you one question that has been submitted by our students.Premier Wen, what do you feel are the prospects for democracy in China? Do you envisage any changes in the role of the Communist Party? For example, do you envisage contested direct elections for township, county, and provincial governments?

PREMIER WEN: There's no question that to develop democracy, the objective of our endeavor, all our efforts will be aimed at building China into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and modern country.We once said that without democracy there will be no socialism.To develop socialist democracy some specific measures will have to be taken.First, we need to improve the election system.Just now you mentioned election in China.Among China's 680,000 villages we carry out direct election for the Villager's Committee.And direct/indirect election is carried out at counties and the municipalities where they don't have districts.And we also have indirect election for officials at provincial and central level.Because conditions are not ripe yet for direct election of senior officials, China is such a big country and our economic development is so uneven, to start with I think the educational level of the population is not high enough.Second, we should let the people supervise the work of the government and be critical of the performance of the government.Only when we allow the people to supervise the performance of the government, the government cannot afford to slack in its efforts in serving the people.And only when the government accepts the criticism from the public we can ensure the success of all policy.In China it would be a time-consuming process to develop China's democracy perfectly.But if you look at the U.S.history it is also time consuming for U.S.to develop its democracy from the days of the Declaration of Independence in the year 1776 to the Civil War in 1860s, and to the incidents of Martin Luther King in the 1960s.Just now in the speech I quoted President Roosevelt.He said the necessitous men were not free men.In fact in preparing his Declaration of Independence President Jefferson also placed the right to development before anything else.President Jefferson put the right to life before anything else.So we need to work to improve the living standards of 1.3 billion Chinese people.This is a big challenge ahead.Thank you.People sometimes have mixed feelings about giving a speech in Harvard.They like to come here very much because Harvard is so famous as a gathering place of the best brains in the world.But at the same time they also feel afraid because they know from the faculty and students there will be touch questions.Before I arrived here I kept recalling one remark my mother always said to me.According to my mother a person should try to be truthful, honest, sincere and candid.If a people can reach these standards then he will find himself with a very highest state of mind.I may not be able to give you good answers, yet I always speak from my mind and tell you the truth.DEAN KIRBY: A question from the floor.Yes ma'am.WOMAN: My name is Changju.I'm from the Harvard School of Education, and I came here two years ago.I got my Bachelor of Arts degree from Beijing University, from the English Department.And my question is, we are very excited that Beijing is going to host the 2008 Olympic Games, and when Premier Wen has said that we're going to do our best to host the Olympic Games, so I was wondering what kind of aspects are you talking about.Thank you.PREMIER WEN: It seems that she is more nervous than I am.I don't know about the audience if there are more Chinese students or more American students.But since you mentioned the Olympic Games that is to be hosted by China, it reminds me of a sad story in the past.Before China was liberated, before PRC was founded in '49, we at that time were only able to send one athlete by name of Yo Jangjin, he was a short distance runner, to participate in the Olympic Games.The game was held in the United States so he took a ship and had a long journey.He was already exhausted after the long journey when he reached the United States.He was the only representative of China in the Olympic Games.He did not win any medal but he had the support and attention and care of the entire Chinese population.Now it's a different story.The Olympic Games is going to be held in China.This is because China has developed itself to a great extent, and China already has the respect of the international community.I said we will stage an excellent game in China.This will mean that it will be of very high standard.But at the same time I have to say that China is still a developing country.We have to practice economy.We cannot squander the resources away.Thank you.DEAN KIRBY: The gentleman far up in the white shirt, there sir?

MAN: I hope it's OK if I speak in English for this question.You mentioned in your visit with President Bush a couple of days ago that you are hoping to encourage American imports into China to balance the trade deficit.And I was wondering what steps China will be taking to encourage American imports into China.PREMIER WEN: Indeed the Americans have a strong interest in seeing more U.S.products to be sold in Chinese market.And I also discussed this with President Bush yesterday.It will be fair to draw attention to the fact that in recent two years the U.S.export to China has grown.Last year while the U.S.export to the rest of the world grew at a rate of only two to three percent, U.S.export to China grew by 15 percent.And the first 10 months of this year U.S.export to China grew by 26 percent.We have to recognize the fact that in the trade relationship United States does run a quite significant deficit with China.I had a very good discussion with President Bush.The two of us did not get bogged down on the small details, so precisely as described by the famous poem in China, was the ascent to the top of the Mountain Tai, where the other peaks are simply dwarfed.I proposed to President Bush five principles on further expansion of our economic cooperation in trade.And the first principle is mutual benefits and a win-win situation.We need to think broadly.Each side must take into account the interests of the other side.Second, we need to find a solution to the trade imbalance problem through the expansion of trade.To cut back China's export to the U.S.market is not a good solution.The better solution is for U.S.to increase its export to China.

第五篇：傅自應(yīng)副部長在第四屆聯(lián)合國最不發(fā)達(dá)國家大會(huì)一般性辯論會(huì)上的講話

傅自應(yīng)副部長在第四屆聯(lián)合國最不發(fā)達(dá)國家大會(huì)一般性辯論會(huì)上的講話

Statement by Fu Ziying, Vice Minister of Commerce of China, at the General Debate of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries

尊敬的土耳其總統(tǒng)居爾閣下，尊敬的聯(lián)合國秘書長潘基文閣下，尊敬的的聯(lián)合國副秘書長迪亞拉閣下，主席先生、女士們、先生們、朋友們：

Your Excellency President Gül of the Republic of Turkey, Your Excellency UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon，Your Excellency UN Under-Secretary-General Cheick Sidi Diarra, Mr.Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends，我非常高興來到美麗的伊斯坦布爾，出席在這里召開的第四屆聯(lián)合國最不發(fā)達(dá)國家大會(huì)。首先，我謹(jǐn)代表中國政府對居爾總統(tǒng)和土耳其政府為會(huì)議所作的大量籌備工作和周到安排表示衷心感謝。

It gives me much pleasure to attend the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries(LDCs)in the beautiful city of Istanbul.Let me begin by expressing sincere thanks on behalf of the Chinese government to President Gül and the Turkish government for your tremendous efforts in organizing and carefully arranging this conference.十年前，各國首腦齊聚布魯塞爾，通過了《布魯塞爾行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)》，對最不發(fā)達(dá)國家未來十年的發(fā)展做出了莊嚴(yán)的政治承諾，為國際社會(huì)幫助最不發(fā)達(dá)國家擺脫貧困、實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展制定了時(shí)間表和路線圖。十年來，最不發(fā)達(dá)國家為此進(jìn)行了不懈努力，使經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)發(fā)展不斷改善。然而，由于最不發(fā)達(dá)國家長期以來基礎(chǔ)差，能力弱，其內(nèi)在的脆弱性沒有得到根本改變，特別是全球金融危機(jī)后，他們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)有增無減，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)《布魯塞爾行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)》目標(biāo)的前景不容樂觀。因此，最不發(fā)達(dá)國家需要做出新的努力，國際社會(huì)需要給予更大的支持。

A decade ago, leaders around the world gathered in Brussels and adopted the Brussels Program of Action(BPoA).It is a solemn political commitment to the development of LDCs for the following decade, as well as a timetable and roadmap for international community to help LDCs reduce poverty and achieve development.To this end, LDCs have been making unremitting efforts in the past ten years and scored much improvement in economic and social development.However, as protracted issues such as weak basis, limited capacity and internal vulnerabilities remain fundamentally unchanged and, in particular, the international financial crisis brought growing challenges in LDCs.LDCs should make further efforts and the international community should give more support.1 作為國際社會(huì)大家庭的重要成員，最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的發(fā)展關(guān)系到世界的和平與穩(wěn)定，幫助最不發(fā)達(dá)國家擺脫貧困，實(shí)現(xiàn)全面發(fā)展，是實(shí)現(xiàn)世界持久繁榮的必要保障，也是國際社會(huì)義不容辭的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。國際社會(huì)應(yīng)更加理解他們的實(shí)際困難，充分尊重他們的自主選擇，認(rèn)真傾聽他們的合理訴求，用實(shí)際行動(dòng)滿足他們的迫切愿望。為此，國際社會(huì)、特別是發(fā)達(dá)國家，應(yīng)繼續(xù)加大對最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的資金和技術(shù)支持，進(jìn)一步開放市場，減免債務(wù)，切實(shí)兌現(xiàn)其已做出的官方發(fā)展援助承諾；國際金融機(jī)構(gòu)和多邊發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)把資金優(yōu)先用于幫助最不發(fā)達(dá)國家。

LDCs are important members of the international community, and their development is vital to world peace and stability.It is essential to help them eliminate poverty and achieve all-round development if we are to achieve enduring prosperity in the world.Moreover, it is the unshirkable responsibility and obligation of the international community.The international community should better appreciate the practical difficulties of LDCs, fully respect their independent choices, listen attentively to their reasonable aspirations, and meet their urgent wishes with concrete actions.To this end, the international community, particularly developed countries, should step up financial and technological support to LDCs, further open their markets, reduce and exempt debts, and take concrete steps to meet their committed targets for official development assistance.International financial institutions and multilateral development agencies should give priority to financing projects in LDCs.兩周前，中國政府發(fā)布了《中國的對外援助》白皮書，全面闡述了中國對外援助的政策主張。在過去的60年中，特別是近10年以來，中國政府在力所能及的范圍內(nèi)，本著平等互利、共同發(fā)展的原則，通過援建項(xiàng)目、提供物資、技術(shù)合作、人力資源開發(fā)等多種形式對最不發(fā)達(dá)國家進(jìn)行援助。中國政府在中非合作論壇、千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)高級別會(huì)議等場合，重申了支持其他發(fā)展中國家，特別是最不發(fā)達(dá)國家實(shí)現(xiàn)自主發(fā)展的堅(jiān)定立場，宣布了多項(xiàng)旨在幫助最不發(fā)達(dá)國家發(fā)展的援助舉措。中國用自己的實(shí)際行動(dòng)承擔(dān)了相應(yīng)的國際義務(wù)，推動(dòng)了《布魯塞爾行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)》的實(shí)施。

Two weeks ago, the Chinese government issued a white paper entitled China’s Foreign Aid, giving a comprehensive picture of China’s policies and positions on this issue.In the past 60 years, particularly the past decade, China has followed the principle of equality, mutual benefit and common development and done as much as it could in providing aid to LDCs through project assistance, provision of materials, technological cooperation and human resources development, etc.The Chinese government reiterated its firm position and announced a host of measures to help other developing countries, particularly LDCs, achieve independent development on such occasions as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the High-level Plenary Meeting of UN Millennium Development Goals.China has taken concrete steps to fulfill its international obligations, and contribute to the implementation of BPoA.2 充分尊重最不發(fā)達(dá)的國情和發(fā)展愿望，向他們提供不附帶任何政治條件的援助。長期以來，中國一直將最不發(fā)達(dá)國家作為援助重點(diǎn)。2009年，中國對最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的援助占當(dāng)年對外援助總額的40%，2010年更是超過50%。60年來，中國政府在力所能及的范圍內(nèi)，從最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的實(shí)際需要出發(fā)，在雙方充分協(xié)商的基礎(chǔ)上，先后向46個(gè)最不發(fā)達(dá)國家提供了經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)援助，援建了近1000個(gè)各類項(xiàng)目，涉及工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、文教、衛(wèi)生、通訊、電力、能源、交通以及社會(huì)公共設(shè)施等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。

We fully respect LDC’s national conditions and aspiration for development, and provide them with assistance without political strings attached.LDCs have become China’s priority in providing foreign aid over the years.The share of China’s aid to LDCs in its total foreign aid stood at 40% in 2009 and exceeded 50% in 2010.Over the past 60 years, in accordance with the actual needs of LDCs and based on in-depth consultations, the Chinese government has, within its capacity, provided economic and technical assistance to 46 LDCs, covering nearly 1,000 various projects in sectors like industry, agriculture, culture and education, public health, communications, electricity, energy, transportation and public utilities.中國還向國際貨幣基金組織增資500億美元，明確要求將資金優(yōu)先用于最不發(fā)達(dá)國家。此外，中國自1963年派出首支醫(yī)療隊(duì)以來，從未間斷向非洲、亞洲、拉丁美洲等地區(qū)派出醫(yī)療隊(duì)，累計(jì)派出2.1萬人次，診治患者約2.6億人次。

China also contributed an additional USD 50 billion to the IMF, with an explicit request that the fund should be used, first and foremost, to help LDCs.Moreover, China has consistently sent medical teams to Africa, Asia and Latin America since it dispatched the first medical team in 1963.By now it has sent 21,000 person times and treated about 260 million person times of patients.目前，有60支援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)在57個(gè)國家工作，共有約1324名醫(yī)療隊(duì)員，其中三分之二的援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)駐在國是最不發(fā)達(dá)國家。隨著醫(yī)療隊(duì)的派出，中國每年還向受援國贈(zèng)送部分藥品和醫(yī)療器械，為提高當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療衛(wèi)生水平、保障受援國人民健康發(fā)揮了重要作用。這些援助，受到了受援國老百姓的歡迎和認(rèn)同，促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展。

Currently 60 Chinese medical teams consisting of 1,300 people are working in 57 countries, two thirds of which are LDCs.China also donates medicine and medical equipment to recipient countries every year, which is very important for improving medical level and guaranteeing the health of the people in recipient countries.The assistance efforts have been well received and recognized by local communities, and have promoted their economic and social development.減免債務(wù)，減輕負(fù)擔(dān)，促進(jìn)受援國的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。自2000年以來，中國政府先后6次宣布減免所有與中國有外交關(guān)系的最不發(fā)達(dá)國家和重債貧窮國對華到期無息貸款債務(wù)。截止2010年底，中方已與非洲、亞洲、拉美地區(qū)和太平洋等地區(qū)的50個(gè)國家簽署了免債議定書，3 免除到期債務(wù)423筆，其中免除44個(gè)最不發(fā)達(dá)國家共計(jì)238億元人民幣的債務(wù)。上述舉措緩解了他們的財(cái)政壓力，加速了他們減貧的進(jìn)程。

We have reduced and canceled debts to lighten the burden of recipient countries and promote their sustainable development.Since 2000, the Chinese government has announced six debt reductions or exemptions for matured interest-free loans owed by LDCs and heavily indebted poor countries(HIPCs)that have diplomatic relations with China.By the end of 2010, China had signed debt relief protocols with 50 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific region, according to which 423 matured debts were canceled, including RMB 23.8 billion of debts owed by 44 LDCs.Those measures have mitigated the financial pressure and accelerated the poverty alleviation process of related countries.第三，開放市場，擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口，提高最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的貿(mào)易能力。2005年9月，胡錦濤主席在聯(lián)合國成立60周年峰會(huì)上宣布將給予所有同中國建交的最不發(fā)達(dá)國家部分商品零關(guān)稅待遇，優(yōu)惠范圍將包括這些國家的多數(shù)對華出口商品。2008年9月，溫家寶總理在聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)高級別會(huì)議上宣布將給予有關(guān)最不發(fā)達(dá)國家95%的產(chǎn)品零關(guān)稅待遇。2010年又再次重申將繼續(xù)落實(shí)這一承諾。目前，中國已對有關(guān)最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的多數(shù)對華出口商品實(shí)施了零關(guān)稅。這些措施實(shí)實(shí)在在地幫助了受援國產(chǎn)品對中國的出口，帶動(dòng)了當(dāng)?shù)氐漠a(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。

Third, we have opened up market, increased imports and helped enhance LDCs’ trade capacity.In September 2005, President Hu Jintao announced at the UN 60th Anniversary Summit that China would offer zero-tariff treatment to certain exports from LDCs having diplomatic ties with China.Most of exports from those countries to China are covered by this program.In September 2008, Premier Wen Jiabao announced at the UN High-Level Plenary Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals that China will apply zero tariffs on 95% of exports from LDCs.This commitment was reaffirmed in 2010.Now, China has provided zero-tariff treatment to most imported goods from relevant LDCs.These measures have substantially helped recipient countries expand export to China and develop local industries.第四，增加投資，推動(dòng)就業(yè)，促進(jìn)最不發(fā)達(dá)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)生增長。中國政府積極支持中國企業(yè)按照平等、互惠、共贏的原則開展多種形式的對外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作。目前，中國已在埃塞俄比亞、贊比亞和柬埔寨等國與當(dāng)?shù)卣献鹘ㄔO(shè)境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)，對促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)赝顿Y、增加稅收和解決就業(yè)產(chǎn)生顯著的效果。

第五，培養(yǎng)人才，提升能力，為最不發(fā)達(dá)國家培育植根基層的本土專家。自上世紀(jì)80年代中國開展大規(guī)模援外培訓(xùn)以來，中國已累計(jì)為最不發(fā)達(dá)國家培訓(xùn)各類官員和技術(shù)人員2.6萬多名。領(lǐng)域涵蓋農(nóng)林牧漁、教育、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、經(jīng)貿(mào)、外交、金融、傳媒、能源、環(huán)保、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共管理、信息技術(shù)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。中國還十分重視推進(jìn)與最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的人文交流，不斷增加向最不發(fā)達(dá)國家提供的中國政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金名額。

主席先生，今年是中國“十二·五”規(guī)劃的開局之年，我們將堅(jiān)持科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，堅(jiān)持改革開放，繼續(xù)走和平、發(fā)展、合作的道路。作為發(fā)展中國家，中國自身還面臨不少困難和挑戰(zhàn)，但我們不會(huì)忘記肩負(fù)的國際責(zé)任和義務(wù)，更不會(huì)忽視與我們有相似經(jīng)歷的最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的發(fā)展訴求。未來幾年，中國政府將信守承諾，更大程度地參與南南合作，通過各種渠道和方式提供力所能及的幫助，逐步增加對最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的援助：

一是對外援助重點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步向最不發(fā)達(dá)國家傾斜。

二是加強(qiáng)在農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域的合作，增加對最不發(fā)達(dá)國家農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食安全的援助力度，在有需求的最不發(fā)達(dá)國家援建農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)示范中心，派遣農(nóng)業(yè)專家和技術(shù)人員，增加在農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)方面的人員培訓(xùn)。

三是在最不發(fā)達(dá)國家更多開展醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、生活用水、清潔能源等民生項(xiàng)目的合作。

四是著力增強(qiáng)最不發(fā)達(dá)國家自主發(fā)展能力，加大人力資源培訓(xùn)力度。今后5年，中國將為包括廣大最不發(fā)達(dá)國家在內(nèi)的發(fā)展中國家培訓(xùn)8萬名各類專業(yè)人員。

五是加快實(shí)施降低最不發(fā)達(dá)國家關(guān)稅進(jìn)程，減免最不發(fā)達(dá)國家債務(wù)，進(jìn)一步支持最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展。支持在世貿(mào)組織多哈回合談判中就“免關(guān)稅和免配額”等最不發(fā)達(dá)國家重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的議題達(dá)成早期收獲。

六是繼續(xù)推進(jìn)中國企業(yè)在最不發(fā)達(dá)國家建設(shè)經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)，通過建設(shè)合作區(qū)，促進(jìn)最不發(fā)達(dá)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，達(dá)到互利共贏目的。

主席先生，本次會(huì)議將為最不發(fā)達(dá)國家未來十年描繪新的藍(lán)圖。中國有句諺語，叫做“眾人拾柴火焰高”。我相信，在國際社會(huì)的共同努力下，最不發(fā)達(dá)國家一定會(huì)走上國家富強(qiáng)、社會(huì)和諧、人民幸福的道路，我們一定能夠建設(shè)一個(gè)持久和平、共同繁榮的世界。

Istanbul, Turkey, 12 May 2011

Fourth, we have expanded investment to create more jobs and promote the endogenous growth in the LDCs.The Chinese government has been supporting Chinese companies to carry out international trade and economic cooperation in diversified forms based on the principle of equality, mutual benefit and win-win.At present, China has worked with the governments in countries like Ethiopia, Zambia and Cambodia in constructing overseas trade and economic zones, which have effectively promoted investment, increased tax revenue and created job there.Fifth, we have helped to train local talents through capacity building, enabling local experts to better serve local communities in LDCs.Since China launched a large-scale foreign aid training program in 1980s, it has trained over 26,000 officials and technical personnel for LDCs in the fields of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, education, health care, commerce and trade, diplomacy, finance, media, energy, the environmental protection, infrastructure, public administration and other areas.China has also been committed to advancing the people-to-people exchanges and has been steadily increasing the number of government-sponsored scholarship to LDCs.Mr.Chairman，This year marks the beginning of China’s 12th Five-year Plan period.Adhering to the scientific outlook on development, we will stay committed to reform and opening up and keep to the path of peace, development and cooperation.As a developing country, China still faces many difficulties and challenges.However, we will never lose sight of our international responsibilities and obligations.Still less will we overlook the development aspirations of LDCs with which we share similar experiences.In the years to come, the Chinese government will honor its commitments and engage in South-South cooperation in a more substantial way.Through various channels and means, we will provide assistance to the best of our capacity and gradually increase our aid to LDCs: First, we will tilt our foreign aid in favor of LDCs.Second, we will strengthen cooperation in agricultural development and our assistance to LDCs in agriculture and food security.Depending on the needs of LDCs, we will help set up agricultural technical demonstration centers, send agricultural experts and technical personnel and step up agricultural technical personnel training.Third, we will strengthen cooperation with LDCs in projects vital to people’s livelihood such as hospitals, schools, domestic water and clean energy.Fourth, we will boost LDCs’ capacity of independent development by enhancing human resources training.In the coming five years, China will train 80,000 personnel in various fields for other developing countries including LDCs.Fifth, we will expedite implementation of the program to lower tariff rates for LDCs, write off debts of LDCs and lend further support to LDCs’ economic and trade growth.In the WTO Doha Round Negotiation, we support an early harvest on duty-free, quota-free and other issues that LDCs are particularly concerned about.Sixth, we will continue to encourage Chinese companies to set up economic and trade zones in LDCs so as to promote local economic growth for mutual benefit and win-win.Mr.Chairman，The Istanbul conference will produce a new blueprint for the next decade of the LDCs.As the saying goes, many hands make light work.I believe, with the joint efforts of the international community, the LDCs are sure to find their way to wealth, harmony and wellbeing as we build a world of lasting peace and common prosperity.Thank you, Mr.Chairman.7

謝謝主席先生。

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劉結(jié)一部長助理在聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)第65屆會(huì)議一般性辯論中的發(fā)言

第一篇：劉結(jié)一部長助理在聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)第65屆會(huì)議一般性辯論中的發(fā)言

第二篇：愛沙尼亞總統(tǒng)在聯(lián)大一般性辯論人權(quán)發(fā)言

第三篇：中國代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長康勇參贊在2010年聯(lián)合國裁軍審議委員會(huì)一般性辯論中的發(fā)言

第四篇：溫家寶在第63屆聯(lián)合國大會(huì)一般性辯論上的發(fā)言

第五篇：傅自應(yīng)副部長在第四屆聯(lián)合國最不發(fā)達(dá)國家大會(huì)一般性辯論會(huì)上的講話

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