第一篇：新編大學(xué)英語(浙大版)第一冊第二單元課文翻譯

BOOK I

Unit Two Psychology in Our Daily Life Teaching Aims: 教學(xué)目標(biāo):

In this unit students are required to : 1)get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;了解有關(guān)本單元閱讀內(nèi)容的一些有用信息，了解更多關(guān)于英語文化的知識;

2)do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc.to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;做一些準(zhǔn)備活動，如討論、小組工作等，練習(xí)他們的口語技巧和交流技巧

3)grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary;掌握一些新單詞，試著用這些單詞來豐富他們的詞匯;

4)read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;在有限的時間內(nèi)閱讀課堂上的閱讀文章，掌握課堂閱讀中的一些表達(dá)和語法點(diǎn)，提高閱讀理解能力;

5)do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;做一些課后閱讀練習(xí)和課后閱讀練習(xí)，以提高他們在課堂上的知識，提高他們的英語綜合技能。

6)translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressions learned in the reading passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities.運(yùn)用閱讀中的一些句型，將一些典型的句子翻譯成漢語或英語，以獲得一些翻譯技巧，提高翻譯的能力。

I.Useful information 1.Psychology is a young and growing science that touches on a broad range of human activities.In general, however one can say that psychology tries to explain why people cat, think, and feel the way they do.心理學(xué)是一門新興的科學(xué)，涉及廣泛的人類活動。一般來說，人們會說心理學(xué)試圖解釋為什么人們會喜歡貓，思考和感覺自己的行為。

2.Psychologists are interested not only in how individual minds work but also in the various interactions of minds in society.It should be noted that psychology provides methods of analyzing and understanding human behavior and emotion that are not based on moral codes.心理學(xué)家不僅對個人思想的工作方式感興趣，而且對社會中各種思想的相互作用也感興趣。應(yīng)該指出的是，心理學(xué)提供了分析和理解人類行為和情感的方法，而不是基于道德準(zhǔn)則

3.The whole field of psychoanalysis originated with the research of the Austrian doctor, Sigmund Freud(1856-1939).According to his theories, people are driven by irrational(not being able to reason;illogical)forces or primitive instincts.Freud believed that the inner struggle between instincts and conscience often led to disaster which was manifested(show clearly)in the form of personal tragedies such as murder and suicide or collective tragedies such as war.He advocates(support)the use of psychoanalysis to help people control irrational forces.Much of Freud’s work was based on his interpretation of dreams and sexual instincts.整個精神分析領(lǐng)域源于奧地利醫(yī)生西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的研究(1856-1939)。根據(jù)他的理論，人們是被非理性驅(qū)使的(無法推理;不合邏輯的)力量或原始本能。弗洛伊德認(rèn)為，直覺和良知之間的內(nèi)在斗爭經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難，這種災(zāi)難以個人悲劇的形式表現(xiàn)出來，如謀殺、自殺或戰(zhàn)爭等集體悲劇。他提倡使用精神分析來幫助人們控制非理性的力量。弗洛伊德的大部分作品都是基于他對夢和性本能的詮釋。

4.The whole field of psychology has evolved(develop)and expanded considerably since the early part of the twentieth century.There are now many branches of psychology and it is no longer limited to clinical(cold;without feelings)work and the analysis of dreams.從二十世紀(jì)早期開始，整個心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域都在發(fā)展和擴(kuò)展?，F(xiàn)在有許多心理學(xué)分支，它不再局限于臨床(冷;沒有感情的工作和對夢的分析。

5.Men and women with training in psychology now work in many different careers ranging from therapists to advertising agents.The findings of psychological research are used help the victims of family violence, to design aptitude tests（性向測驗），to carry out efficiency studies in the workplace, to develop educational strategies, to conduct political campaigns, and to predict consumer spending.In fact, there id hardly any aspect of modern society that has not been influenced in some way by research in the field of psychology.有心理學(xué)訓(xùn)練的男男女女現(xiàn)在從事著許多不同的職業(yè)，從心理治療師到廣告代理。心理學(xué)研究的結(jié)果有助于使用家庭暴力的受害者,設(shè)計能力測試(性向測驗),執(zhí)行效率研究在工作場所,發(fā)展教育策略,進(jìn)行政治活動,預(yù)測消費(fèi)者支出。事實上，在現(xiàn)代社會中，幾乎沒有任何方面，在心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究中并沒有受到某些方面的影響。

II.Preparation 1．Describing the pictures on page 32.描述第32頁的圖片

Picture 1: The patient looks sad.He is coming out of the hospital, carrying a test report in his hand.Judging from the black cloud hanging over the hospital, the drooping flowers and trees, and the report with the word “Cancer” on it, we can assume that he has had a series of tests.圖1:病人看起來很傷心。他從醫(yī)院出來，手里拿著一份化驗報告。從懸掛在醫(yī)院上空的黑云，垂下的鮮花和樹木，以及“癌癥”一詞的報告，我們可以推測他已經(jīng)做了一系列的測試。

Picture 2: The man is lying in bed.The doctor has obviously prescribed all kinds of medicine because there bottles of pills on the table beside the bed.There is also a piece of paper with the word “will” written on it.The man is also depressed that he has written his will because he thinks he is going to die.圖二:男人躺在床上。醫(yī)生顯然開了各種各樣的藥，因為在床邊的桌子上放了幾瓶藥。還有一張紙條，上面寫著“will”。這個人也很沮喪，因為他認(rèn)為自己會死，所以寫了遺囑。

Picture3: The man appears extremely happy.The sun is shining over the hospital.The flowers and trees are upright.The doctor has told the man that he does not have cancer after all.(The report he is carrying has an “X” through the word “cancer”.)On seeing this result, he can’t believe his eyes.圖片3:這個人看起來非常高興。陽光普照醫(yī)院?；ê蜆涠际侵绷⒌?。醫(yī)生告訴那個人他根本沒有癌癥。(他攜帶的報告有“X”字通過“癌癥”一詞。)看到這個結(jié)果，他簡直不敢相信自己的眼睛。

Picture 4: The sun is shining, the trees are full of fruit and the hospital has disappeared.The man is happy.He appears to be singing or whistling.He takes a racket and heads off to play tennis.He is healthy and energetic again.圖四:陽光燦爛，樹上滿是水果，醫(yī)院也不見了。的人是幸福的。他似乎在唱歌或吹口哨。他拿起球拍，就去打網(wǎng)球。他又健康又精力充沛。

2.Getting to know your classmates 了解你的同學(xué)

Possible reasons for the beliefs and feelings ? Those who love shopping may have a lot of money to spend and take delight in doing shopping.Sometimes they have a sense of accomplishment after shopping is done.In other cases, when people are in low spirits, they tend to do a lot of shopping.愛購物的人可能會有很多錢花,樂于做購物。有時他們在購物后會有成就感。在其他情況下，當(dāng)人們情緒低落時，他們往往會去購物。

? Some people don’t eat beef because of their religion.For example, Hindus do not eat beef.Others do not eat beef because of their family habits.有些人不吃牛肉,因為他們的宗教。例如，印度教徒不吃牛肉。其他人不吃牛肉是因為他們的家庭習(xí)慣。? Bus service in some places is very poor.Buses are usually crowed and dirty.That is why people don’t like to ride on a bus and when they are on a bus, they will get sick.The result will probably be that they hate riding on a bus even more.巴士服務(wù)在一些地方非常貧窮。公共汽車通常擁擠不堪。這就是為什么人們不喜歡乘坐公共汽車，當(dāng)他們乘公共汽車時，他們會生病。結(jié)果可能是他們更討厭乘坐公共汽車。

? Those who love to talk to themselves are often timid and reserved(shy).They express their own feeling by doing so.Some people do so because they are not sure of themselves.They can practice talking to others in imagination, i.e.by imagining that they are facing other people and talking with them.喜歡跟自己的人往往是膽小,保留(害羞)。他們這樣做表達(dá)了自己的感情。有些人這樣做是因為他們不確定自己。他們可以在想象中練習(xí)與他人交談，也就是說，想象他們面對著其他人，與他們交談。

? Some people are terrified of snakes because some snakes are very poisonous.Other people hate them because they are ugly and disgusting.一些人害怕蛇,因為蛇毒性很大。其他人討厭他們，因為他們丑陋又惡心。

? People sometimes associate violence and ghosts with darkness.In the darkness, people usually feel lonely and helpless.人們有時把暴力和鬼魂與黑暗。在黑暗中，人們通常感到孤獨(dú)和無助。

? Some people think they are too fat when compared with those slim people around them.In most parts of the world, people are worried when they gain weight and try every means to keep thin.Everyone hopes to be good-looking or beautiful and follow the trend.有些人認(rèn)為他們太胖相比,那些苗條的周圍的人。在世界上的大部分地區(qū)，人們在增重的時候都很擔(dān)心，并且想盡一切辦法保持苗條。每個人都希望自己長得好看或漂亮，并追隨潮流。

? Those who hold on to their money as long as possible are usually very thrifty.They are afraid that if they spend all their money, they will have nothing to rely on.With as much money as they can save, they can at least have a sense of security.那些堅持他們的錢盡可能長時間通常很節(jié)儉。他們害怕如果他們把錢花光了，就沒有什么可依靠的了。只要他們能省錢，他們至少可以有安全感。

? People who hate queuing are impatient.They think it is a waste of time to spend their precious time queuing.討厭排隊的人不耐煩。他們認(rèn)為花寶貴的時間排隊是浪費(fèi)時間。

? People believe in ghosts if they have heard many ghost stories.Some people who have dreamed of ghosts may believe in them.人相信鬼魂如果他們聽過很多鬼故事。有些夢見鬼魂的人可能相信他們。

? These people believe that everyone has a certain fate.It is fate that determine everything in their life.They are anxious to find out what their future will be like.So they go to a fortune teller in order to know their future in advance.這些人相信每個人都有一個特定的命運(yùn)。命運(yùn)決定了他們生活中的一切。他們急于想知道他們的未來會是什么樣子。所以他們?nèi)フ宜忝鼛焷硖崆傲私馑麄兊奈磥怼?/p>

III.Pre-Reading Activities 課前閱讀活動

Directions: Discuss the following questions in pairs If you have any health problems , do you always go to the doctor? If so, what do you expect from the doctor? 兩組討論下列問題

如果你有任何健康問題，你總是去看醫(yī)生嗎?如果是這樣的話，你對醫(yī)生的期望是什么?

Possible answer: If I have health problems, I will go to the doctor.I want the doctor to examine me, to diagnose the problem, to write a prescription or to tell me if there is anything I should do or avoid.If it is necessary, the doctor will give me some tests.Above all, I always expect that the doctor will tell me that I will get better quickly.如果我有健康問題，我會去看醫(yī)生。我希望醫(yī)生檢查我，診斷問題，開處方，或者告訴我是否有什么我應(yīng)該做或避免的。如果有必要，醫(yī)生會給我做一些檢查。最重要的是，我總是希望醫(yī)生能告訴我，我很快就會好起來的。

IV.In-Class Reading Activities

1.The students are supposed to finish the in-class reading passage within 14 minutes.2.Language points

1)to come away with sth: to leave a place with sth e.g.We came away with an uneasy feeling that all was not well with marriage.To come away from sth: to become detached from sth（脫落）The light switch came away from the wall.2）…all a sick person needs is some…

all that(that is omitted): what(the verb must be single)e.g.All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.(subject)All that he lacked was training.(subject)He thought over all that his parents had said(object)Do not all you can;spend not all you have;believe not all you hear;and tell not all you know.(obj.)Is that all you want to say?(predictive)That’s all there is to be said.(predictive)3)…some assurance that…(appositive clause)

(fact, opinion, notion, suggestion, proposal, thought, news, truth, report, idea, rumor, hope, belief, doubt, proof…)e.g.I have no idea that you were here.They marveled at the fact that China did it all on its own.There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job.4)even though/if: in spite of the fact that;no matter whether e.g.Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there.They’ll stand by(support)you even if you don’t succeed.5)to open up: to begin to develop開采，開發(fā)，開墾

e.g.They have already made plans to open up the mine/land.6)More wasted land will be opened up in a planned way.? to open up: open打開，開放

e.g.After we had opened up the package, we found that it had nothing in it of important.They opened the country up to trade.? to open up: to make sth available開拓（新領(lǐng)域）展示，揭示 e.g.His stories opened up new worlds of the imagination.Einstein’s theories opened up a whole new area for study.? to open up開刀，切開

e.g.They opened up his stomach to get at the source of the trouble.他們給他的胃開了刀，找出了病根

7)to fool sb into doing sth: trick/deceive sb into doing sth欺騙某人做某事 ? to fool sb into sth e.g.He has fooled a lot of people into believing he is a rich man.He fooled himself into believing that he was contributing to the motherland.? to make a fool of oneself使自己出丑，出洋相

e.g.The boy made a fool of himself.? to make a fool of sb欺騙，愚弄，捉弄

e.g.She is always trying to make a fool of her husband in public.類似結(jié)構(gòu)的短語: to persuade sb into doing sth to cheat sb into doing sth to deceive sb into doing sth to frighten sb into doing sth to force sb into doing sth to trap sb into doing sth使…陷入圈套 to lure sb into doing sth誘惑…做…

e.g.He persuaded her into buying the house.Think carefully before you answer his questions.You may be trapped into giving away vital information.The young man frightened the old man into signing the paper/ the will.8)It seems that似乎看來，仿佛感到（覺得）

e.g.It seems that nobody knew what had happened.It seems that sth is wrong.It seems to me that someone is calling.It seemed to him that he had never worked so hard in his life.9)to rest with ? to rest with: to lie with由…決定，得靠 e.g.It rests with to make the decision.The final decision rests with the headmaster.The success of our plan lies with you.? to rest with: to be the responsibility of是…的責(zé)任；在…的手中

e.g.The fate of these prisoners rests with the judge.The trouble rests with you.? to rest on/upon: to depend on依靠 寄托在

e.g.His fame rests on his plays more than on his novels.Our hopes rest on you.The charge rests on the evidence of one witness.10)to have/put/place trust in: to trust in;to have faith in信賴，相信，信任

e.g.I have absolute trust in the doctor.我絕對相信醫(yī)生。I put trust in you.I don’t place any trust in his promises.11)in a way;in one way ,in some ways: to a certain degree在某種程度上，就某個意義來說

e.g.The changes are an improvement in one way.In a way, her health is much improved, but she is still not really well.In a way you are right.12）“role” is often used in this phrase “to play a role/part in”

e.g.Especially in Brazil, the Negroes have played a most important role in the development of the nation.He had played a major role in the foundation of the United Nations.13)as a result結(jié)果（狀語）

e.g.As a result he had been given an excellent job.as a result of由于…的結(jié)果（狀語）

e.g.Meanwhile other events had occurred as a result of this war.14)the same…as和…一樣（同樣）e.g.My stand on this just the same as before.Meet me at the same place as you did yesterday.15)to have an effect on e.g.It had an almost immediate effect on his thinking.This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.The acid had no effect on the metal.16)reaction on ? to react on: respond to對…作出反應(yīng)，對某人有療效

e.g.How did he react to the news? How is your patient reacting to the course of treatment? ? to react positively/negatively to a suggestion（贊成/反對）

reaction to: response to對…反應(yīng)

e.g.What was his reaction to the news? Our reaction to a joke is to laugh.His reaction to the doctor’s treatment was satisfactory.3.Questions for group discussion 1)Is there really a doctor in the body? If so, who do you think is the doctor? Why? I think there is a doctor in the body and it is the mind.Usually if we are quit confident, we will react as if everything will go well.That is to say, if we are mentally sure that we will get better, the body will start functioning better.Otherwise we will lose heart and the illness in our body will probably get worse.I really believe in the power of “mind over matter”.2)How would you feel if your doctor had given you a placebo instead of medicine? It depends.If I got better, I would feel lucky to have been given a placebo instead of real medicine, because medicine often has some side effects.However, if I didn’t feel better, I would be very angry and probably would never go back to that doctor.3)If you got better anyway, would you think the doctor had cheated you? Would you be pleased that you had been able to heal your own body just by believing that you could?

I would think the doctor had cheated me.At the same time, I would be pleased that I had been able to heal my body by believing that I could.I would be proud of my will power and become more confident of myself 4.Translation 1)All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.2)In many cases regulations alone will not work.3)He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence.4)She stared at me as if I were a stranger.5)It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday.6)I feel angry at the way he has treated me.7)The patient is much the same as he was yesterday.8)I’d like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.V.Further Development 進(jìn)一步發(fā)展

1.Words Association and Story-telling STEP ONE emergency, first aid, injury, penicillin, shock, wound, sore, scrape, choking, bruise, shot, pulse, unconscious(ness), antibiotic, cough, rescue faint(ing)thermometer, soothe, injection, headache, toothache, stomachache, hospital, dentist, therapy, therapist, drug, medicine, heart attack, chronic, seasick(ness), airsick(ness), bleed(ing), fracture, fever, flu/influenza, cold, dislocation, temperature, disease, illness, cancer, infection, ulcer, placebo, case, heal, cure, capsule, pill, tablet, prescribe, prescription, cut examine, X-ray,etc.第一步緊急、急救、傷害、青霉素、休克、傷口,痛,刮,窒息,瘀傷,射擊,脈搏、無意識(尼斯),抗生素,咳嗽,救援微弱(ing)溫度計,撫慰,注入,頭痛、牙痛、胃痛、醫(yī)院,牙醫(yī),療法,治療師,藥物,醫(yī)藥、心臟病、慢性、暈船(尼斯),暈機(jī)(尼斯),出血(ing),骨折,發(fā)燒、流感和流感,寒冷、位錯、溫度、疾病、疾病、癌癥、感染、潰瘍、安慰劑,情況下,愈合,治療,膠囊,片劑,平板電腦,開處方,處方,減少檢查,x射線等。

STEP TWO Last summer, my friends and I decided to go mountain-climbing.Our excursion up the mountain turned out to be a disappointing adventure.去年夏天，我和朋友決定去爬山。我們的登山之行原來是一次令人失望的冒險。

We began by following the long winding path that leads to the summit of the mountain.It was raining so it was very slippery in some spots.When we were half way up, one of my friends fell, He hurt his leg very badly.It bled a lot and it was so painful that he could not walk.We were sure he had a broken leg.With the help of several kind people we managed to carry him all the way down the mountain.我們從那條通往山頂?shù)尿暄研÷烽_始。下雨了，有些地方很滑。當(dāng)我們走到一半的時候，我的一個朋友摔倒了，他的腿很疼。它流了很多血，疼得他不能走路。我們確信他的腿斷了。在幾個善良的人的幫助下，我們設(shè)法把他帶到山下。

When we reached the village, we were able to get a taxi to the hospital.The doctor cleaned the cuts and bruises and examined my friend’s leg very thoroughly.He said that it was not broken but that it would be very sore for some time and that it would take a while for the cuts to heal.Just knowing that his leg wasn’t broken made my friend feel better.The doctor gave him an injection of antibiotics to prevent infection and told him that he would have to come back for more shots.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)村子的時候，我們可以乘出租車去醫(yī)院。醫(yī)生清洗了傷口和瘀傷，非常徹底地檢查了我朋友的腿。他說，傷口不會破裂，但會很痛一段時間，需要一段時間才能愈合傷口。我只是知道他的腿沒有斷，這讓我的朋友感覺好多了。醫(yī)生給他打了一針抗生素，以防止感染，并告訴他，他必須回來再注射更多的疫苗。

Three days later we came down with terrible colds.We all had had coughs so we went to see the doctor.He prescribed some cough medicine.He said that the medicine wouldn’t cure our coughs but that it would soothe our throats.三天后，我們得了重感冒。我們都有咳嗽，所以我們?nèi)タ瘁t(yī)生。他開了一些咳嗽藥。他說這種藥治不了我們的咳嗽，但它能使我們的嗓子平靜下來。

Feeling tired and discouraged, we decided to leave for home.Our mountain-climbing trip had not been very successful.We were three healthy people when we arrived and we left feeling tired and miserable.由于感到疲倦和沮喪，我們決定動身回家。我們的登山之旅并不是很成功。當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時，我們是三個健康的人，我們離開時感到疲倦和痛苦。

2.Interpreting an old saying Directions: There is an old saying “Once bitten, twice shy”.Work in groups to explain the proverb by using examples.用法:俗話說“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩”。用例子來解釋這句諺語。

This proverb means that if a person is frustrated(prevent sb from doing sth)by an experience or even suffers loss, either material or mental, from it, then it will have a psychological influence on him that he wouldn’t dare to do it again or he will try to avoid it.A typical example in Chinese folklore is that a man who has been bitten by a snake is so afraid of it that he shies at the coiled rope for ten years.這句諺語的意思是，如果一個人因為某件事而感到沮喪(阻止某人做某件事)，或者甚至遭受損失，無論是物質(zhì)上的還是精神上的損失，那么他就會對他產(chǎn)生心理上的影響，他不敢再這樣做，否則他會設(shè)法避免。中國民間傳說中的一個典型例子是，一個被蛇咬過的人很害怕被蛇咬了10年。

3.Trying to be a psychologist Possible advice: 可能的建議:

Susan is a shy girl.She is afraid of talking with others.蘇珊是個害羞的女孩。她害怕與人交談。

To make her realize that everyone is equal and that she is as intelligent as or even more intelligent than others;to encourage her to take the initiative in conversation with others;to tell her family members or close friends or praise her regularly and let her know that they appreciate her company.讓她意識到每個人都是平等的，她是聰明的，甚至比別人聰明;鼓勵她主動與他人交談;告訴她的家人或親密的朋友，或經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)她，讓她知道他們欣賞她的公司。

Jack is the owner of a boutique（時裝店）.His clothes do not sell well.To tell Jack to sell his clothes on sale and let customers know that the discount cannot be ignored;to ask Jack to raise the price of the clothes so that people feel they are of good quality;杰克是個精品店的主人(時裝店)。他的衣服賣得不好。

告訴杰克出售他的衣服，讓顧客知道折扣不能被忽略;要求杰克提高衣服的價格，讓人們覺得他們的質(zhì)量很好;

Peter is a sloppy(馬虎的)college student.He is reluctant to make his bed and wash his clothes.彼得是一個草率的(馬虎的)大學(xué)生。他不愿鋪床，洗衣服。

To invite a girl student to his dormitory;to ask his classmates to tell him casually that a sloppy person is just disgusting;邀請女生到宿舍;讓同學(xué)們隨便告訴他一個邋遢的人只是惡心;

Tom is a football fan.He is depressed to see his team always defeated.湯姆是個足球迷?？吹剿那蜿牽偸潜粨魯?，他很沮喪。

To tell Tom that football is not everything in life and that some football fans die of heart attacks because they are so excited;to help him to cultivate some other hobbies and interests.告訴湯姆足球不是生活中的一切，一些球迷死于心臟病，因為他們太興奮了;幫助他培養(yǎng)其他愛好和興趣。

VI.Writing

Psychology in Our Life

生活中的心理學(xué)

Sample One 例一

Psychology plays an important role in our daily life.Our feelings and attitudes color the way we behave.Confidence is a good example.心理學(xué)在我們的日常生活中扮演著重要的角色。我們的感情和態(tài)度會影響我們的行為。自信就是一個很好的例子。

In reality, a great number of people complain that they haven’t the ability to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome.In some cases, this may be true.But in other cases, it means that people allow themselves to get discouraged.事實上，許多人抱怨他們沒有能力去做某事，或者他們的困難太大而無法克服。在某些情況下，這可能是真的。但在其他情況下，這意味著人們讓自己變得沮喪。

For example, a confident man can accomplish many things.If you have confidence, you believe you can do things well.You might not always do as well as you hope, but you will try harder the next time.A man who lacks self-confidence might not be able to complete simple tasks.Without confidence you might be nervous, unsure of yourself and confused about what to do and how to do it.You might think you will fail, so perhaps you do not try hard enough.例如，一個自信的人可以完成很多事情。如果你有信心，你相信自己能做好事情。你可能并不總是像你希望的那樣好，但下一次你會更加努力。缺乏自信的人可能無法完成簡單的任務(wù)。如果沒有自信，你可能 10 會緊張，不確定自己，也不知道該做什么，該怎么做。你可能會認(rèn)為你會失敗，所以也許你不夠努力。

There is a well-known proverb that says: “Where there is a will, there is a way.” In other words, if you have the will or the determination to do something, you will always find a way to do it.Having confidence is an important part of our life.有一句名言說:“有志者，事竟成?！睋Q句話說，如果你有意愿或決心去做某事，你總能找到方法去做。自信是我們生活中很重要的一部分。

Sample Two 例二

In our daily life, we often have to buy things.Most of us cannot really distinguish good quality from bad quality.Obviously we can see if an apple is rotten, but we cannot always see if something is well made.What makes us buy things? 在我們的日常生活中，我們經(jīng)常要買東西。我們大多數(shù)人都不能真正地把好的質(zhì)量和壞的質(zhì)量區(qū)分開來。很明顯，我們可以看到一個蘋果是否已經(jīng)腐爛，但我們不能總能看到是否有什么東西做得很好。什么讓我們買東西?

A woman might decide to buy a particular style of dress because several of her friends have chosen that style.She wants to be like her friends.A man might decide to buy a particular coat because it expensive.He thinks that since it is expensive it must be of good quality.A student who has a lot of money might decide to buy a jacket because it was made by a well-known designer.Wearing a jacket with the designer’s name on it makes him feel important.一個女人可能會決定買一件特別的衣服，因為她的幾個朋友選擇了這種款式。她想成為她的朋友。一個人可能會決定買一件大衣，因為它很貴。他認(rèn)為既然價格昂貴，質(zhì)量一定很好。一個有很多錢的學(xué)生可能會決定買一件夾克，因為它是由一位著名的設(shè)計師制作的。穿一件有設(shè)計師名字的夾克會讓他覺得自己很重要。

These are not the logical reasons for buying things, but they explain the motivation behind people’s action or behavior.Our psychology or mental state plays an important role in many aspects of our daily life.這些不是買東西的邏輯原因，但它們解釋了人們行為或行為背后的動機(jī)。我們的心理或心理狀態(tài)在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹脑S多方面起著重要的作用。

第二篇：新編大學(xué)英語4(浙大版)1.4.6.7.8.9單元課后翻譯

Unit 1

一個4歲的孩子活潑的行為是正常的。

速度快的汽車對約翰有吸引力，但他買不起。

多種多樣的論據(jù)。

project to me again.我要求我的上司為我解釋清楚然后再次向我解釋項目。感光膠片對光線非常敏感。

early days.互相鼓勵，麥哭了，當(dāng)人們拿他開玩笑

約翰不會放棄，他堅持他的意觀點(diǎn)。

特德總是想成為關(guān)注的中心。

我們提前買我們的票嗎?

Util4

1.it is up to him to finish the work 這項工作都由他來完成 2.wo decided to scarifice a trip for a new car 我覺得為買新車而放棄旅行

3.involve his wife in the management of the company 讓他的妻子參與公司的管理工作

4.it is of vital importance to future generations 對未來幾代人都是極其重要的5.the key to this question is better planning 解決這個問題的關(guān)鍵是更好的策劃

6.pursuing the question deep 繼續(xù)深入的討論這個問題 7.the house is a totally original design 這房子是完全新穎的設(shè)計

8.to promote mutual understanding betweem two countries 增加兩國間的相互理解 Unit 6

1)憑借他的記憶力好

2)when her children`s education is concerned 當(dāng)涉及到她孩

子的教育時。

3)raher than spend time unnecessarily in hospital 而不愿意

毫無必要地帶著醫(yī)院。

4)give small amounts of money regularly over a period of

time 在一段時間內(nèi)定期給少量的錢 5)the answer is that 答案是這樣的6)does not intend to focus on a particular aspect of modern art

并不打算只關(guān)注現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的某個具體方面。

7)even supposing a car was available 即便能搞定一輛車。8)the fact that you have cut yourself off from your past and

have started a totally new life.你已經(jīng)同過去一刀兩斷，并已經(jīng)開始全新的生活這一事實。

Unit 7

1.will leave no record on students' transcript 在學(xué)生成績單上不會留下痕跡

2.when confronting/facing difficulty 當(dāng)面臨困難的時候 3.beyond the deadtime 過了截止時間

4.tossed the report on the desk 猛地把報告仍在桌上 5.unlearing all the bad haibts 改掉所有壞習(xí)慣 6.deprived the house of light擋住了房子中的光線 7.pop into your mind躍入你的腦海 8.budget his time 安排好時間

9.were supposed to be secret 本應(yīng)是機(jī)密 10.are due this Friday本周五截止 Unit 8:

1.seems to live by the principe that seeing is believing似乎在遵守眼見為實的原則

2.thus reducing the risk of heart attack 因而降低了患心臟病的風(fēng)險

3.they raised their legs in unison 他們步伐一致的邁動著雙腿 4.before he could summon up enougn courage to open the door 在他能骨氣足夠的勇氣打開們之前

5.frowned heavily upon divorce/opposed strongly against divorce 對離婚持強(qiáng)烈反對意見

6.on the brink of making a major discovery 即將取得一項重大的新發(fā)現(xiàn)

7.will be given proiority over those who have not 比那些沒用修改過這門課程的人享有優(yōu)先權(quán)

8.the harder difficult it is to adjust to changes 就越難適應(yīng)變化 Unit 9:

1.hardly had she sat down 她剛剛坐下

2.especially when you want to reserve a good seat 特別是如果你想定一個好位子的話

3.is not necessaryly most useful 并不一定是最有用的，4.what kind of person do you have in your mind 你心里覺得什么樣的人合適

5.there is a limit to the time 有時間限制 6.spent part of his childhood 度過部分童年時光 7.three times as many girls as boys 女孩是男孩的三倍 8.as do most of the people who live in this village就像住在這個村子里的大多數(shù)人一樣

9.but on the other hand ,it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere 但是另一方面，失去家庭氛圍也是很悲哀的 10.Despite international pressure 雖然有來自國際上的壓力

第三篇：新編大學(xué)英語第一冊翻譯答案

Translation

Unit 1

1)I’m tired.I shouldn’t have gone to bed so late last night.2)I don’t/didn’t know bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together.3)We’re supposed to meet her at the train station.4)You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them.5)Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents.6)Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger.Unit 2

1．That song always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago.2．There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way.3．All flights to New York today are/were delayed because of the bad weather.4．Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage.5.I can’t find my checkbook.I must have left it at home.6.By the time the football match was going to start, the storm had already stopped.Unit 3

1.You won’t get the job unless you’ve got the experience.2.Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures.3.The statement/sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding.4.He wished he could give her more help than he does.5.Put on your coat or you’ll catch cold.6.She has added a Picasso to her collection.7.I am not aware of ever having been here before.8.You will soon find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everybody.Unit 4

1.It’s far too hot in the room;open the window, please!

2.The noise woke us up in the middle of the night.3.He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said.It was nothing more than a joke.4.We invited all our friends to the picnic but it rained and only five of them showed up.5.She views marriage as a serious matter.6.To my disappointment, the movie didn’t live up to my expectations.Unit 5

1.I used to go to the cinema/movies a lot, but I never have the time now.2.The two workers cooperated with each other to fix the broken pipe.3.This is a cruel practice which should be stopped immediately.4.What aspect of your job/work is(the)most difficult, and what aspect is(the)most rewarding?

5.Some people think he is rude, but that’s not the case.6.I’ll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do.

第四篇：新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語讀寫第一冊課文翻譯

When we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests.But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten.Can you guess who? Russell Baker surprised himself and everyone else when he discovered the answer.我們寫作時常常被告誡，腦子里要有讀者，筆者所云一定要符合讀者的口味和興趣。但有一位讀者特別不該忘記。你能猜出是誰嗎？當(dāng)拉塞爾·貝克找到這個問題的答案時，他自己和別人都感到大為驚訝。

Writing for Myself Russell Baker 1 The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.Until then I've been bored by everything associated with English courses.I found English grammar dull and difficult.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.為自己而寫 拉塞爾·貝克

從孩提時代，我還住在貝爾維爾時，我的腦子里就斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地轉(zhuǎn)著當(dāng)作家的念頭，但直等到我高中三年級，這一想法才有了實現(xiàn)的可能。在這之前，我對所有跟英文課沾邊的事都感到膩味。我覺得英文語法枯燥難懂。我痛恨那些長而乏味的段落寫作，老師讀著受累，我寫著痛苦。When our class was assigned to Mr.Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects.Mr.Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire.He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date.To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim.He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed.He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts.He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.弗利格爾先生接我們的高三英文課時，我就準(zhǔn)備著在這門最最單調(diào)乏味的課上再熬上沉悶的一年。弗利格爾先生在學(xué)生中以其說話干巴和激勵學(xué)生無術(shù)而出名。據(jù)說他拘謹(jǐn)刻板，完全落后于時代。我看他有六七十歲了，古板之極。他戴著古板的毫無裝飾的眼鏡，微微卷曲的頭發(fā)剪得筆齊，梳得紋絲不亂。他身穿古板的套裝，領(lǐng)帶端端正正地頂著白襯衣的領(lǐng)扣。他長著古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，說起話來一本正經(jīng)，字斟句酌，彬彬有禮，活脫脫一個滑稽的老古董。I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr.Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed.Late in the year we tackled the informal essay.Mr.Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics.None was quite so simple-minded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull.I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due.Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti”.我作好準(zhǔn)備，打算在弗利格爾先生的班上一無所獲地混上一年，不少日子過去了，還真不出所料。后半學(xué)期我們學(xué)寫隨筆小品文。弗利格爾先生發(fā)下一張家庭作業(yè)紙，出了不少題目供我們選擇。像“暑假二三事”那樣傻乎乎的題目倒是一個也沒有，但絕大多數(shù)一樣乏味。我把作文題帶回家，一直沒寫，直到要交作業(yè)的前一天晚上。我躺在沙發(fā)上，最終不得不面對這一討厭的功課，便從筆記本里抽出作文題目單粗粗一看。我的目光落在“吃意大利細(xì)面條的藝術(shù)”這個題目上。This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images.Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper tableand Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days.Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it.All the good humor of Uncle Allen's house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.這個題目在我腦海里喚起了一連串不同尋常的圖像。貝爾維爾之夜的清晰的回憶如潮水一般涌來，當(dāng)時，我們大家一起圍坐在晚餐桌旁——艾倫舅舅、我母親、查理舅舅、多麗絲、哈爾舅舅——帕特舅媽晚飯做的是意大利細(xì)面條。那時意大利細(xì)面條還是很少聽說的異國食品。多麗絲和我都還從來沒吃過，在座的大人也是經(jīng)驗不足，沒有一個吃起來得心應(yīng)手的。艾倫舅舅家詼諧有趣的場景全都重現(xiàn)在我的腦海中，我回想起來，當(dāng)晚我們笑作一團(tuán)，爭論著該如何地把面條從盤子上送到嘴里才算合乎禮儀。Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr.Fleagle.It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself.I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening.To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I'd learned in school, and Mr.Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade.Never mind.I would write something else for Mr.Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.突然我就想描述那一切，描述當(dāng)時那種溫馨美好的氣氛，但我把它寫下來僅僅是想自得其樂，而不是為弗利格爾先生而寫。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一個時刻。我想重溫那個夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那樣去寫，就會違反我在學(xué)校里學(xué)的正式作文的種種法則，弗利格爾先生也肯定會打它一個不及格。沒關(guān)系。等我為自己寫好了之后，我可以再為弗利格爾先生寫點(diǎn)什么別的東西。When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr.Fleagle.There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper.Two days passed before Mr.Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone's but mine.I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr.Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class's attention.等我寫完時已是半夜時分，再沒時間為弗利格爾先生寫一篇循規(guī)蹈矩、像模像樣的文章了。第二天上午，我別無選擇，只好把我為自己而寫的貝爾維爾晚餐的故事交了上去。兩天后弗利格爾先生發(fā)還批改過的作文，他把別人的都發(fā)了，就是沒有我的。我正準(zhǔn)備著遵命一放學(xué)就去弗利格爾先生那兒挨訓(xùn)，卻看見他從桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子讓大家注意聽。7 “Now, boys,” he said.“I want to read you an essay.This is titled, 'The Art of Eating Spaghetti.'” “好了，孩子們，”他說?！拔乙o你們念一篇小品文。文章的題目是：吃意大利細(xì)面條的藝術(shù)。And he started to read.My words!He was reading my words out loud to the entire class.What's more, the entire class was listening.Listening attentively.Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment.Even Mr.Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile.于是他開始念了。是我寫的！他給全班大聲念我寫的文章。更不可思議的是，全班同學(xué)都在聽著他念，而且聽得很專心。有人笑出聲來，接著全班都笑了，不是輕蔑嘲弄，而是樂乎乎地開懷大笑。就連弗利格爾先生也停頓了兩三次，好抑制他那一絲拘謹(jǐn)?shù)奈⑿?。I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh.In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling.It was the happiest moment of my entire school career.When Mr.Fleaglefinished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, ”Now that, boys, is an essay, don't you see.It'sit's of the very essence of the essay, don't you see.Congratulations, Mr.Baker.“ 我盡力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我寫的文章竟然能使別人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十一年級，可謂是最后的時刻，我找到了一個今生想做的事。這是我整個求學(xué)生涯中最幸福的一刻。弗利格爾先生念完后說道：”瞧，孩子們，這就是小品文，懂了沒有。這才是——知道嗎——這才是小品文的精髓，知道了沒有。祝賀你，貝克先生?！八@番話使我沉浸在十全十美的幸福之中。

How do you feel when old friends are far away? Do you make an effort to keep in touch? Sometimes it is easy to put off writing a letter, thinking that there will be plenty of time tomorrow.But then sometimes, as this story shows, we leave it too late.Perhaps reading it will make you want to reach for your pen.老朋友天各一方，你心有何感？你是否努力保持聯(lián)系？有時候?qū)懶诺氖潞苋菀讜煌显偻?，總以為明天有的是時間。然而，正如這則故事所表明的，有時我們拖得太晚了。也許讀一讀這個故事會讓你提起筆來。

All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter Foster Furcolo 1 He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention.出租車司機(jī)擁有的就剩一封信

福斯特·弗克洛

他準(zhǔn)是完全沉浸在所讀的東西里了，因為我不得不敲擋風(fēng)玻璃來引起他的注意。”Is your cab available?“ I asked when he finally looked up at me.He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, ”I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter.“ He sounded as if he had a cold or something.他總算抬頭看我了。“你出車嗎？”我問道。他點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，當(dāng)我坐進(jìn)后座時，他抱歉地說：“對不起，我在讀一封信?！甭犐先ニ袷堑昧烁忻笆裁吹?。3 ”I'm in no hurry,“ I told him.”Go ahead and finish your letter.“ “我不著急，”我對他說，“你接著把信讀完吧。” He shook his head.”I've read it several times already.I guess I almost know it by heart.“ 他搖了搖頭?！拔乙呀?jīng)讀了好幾遍了。我想我都能背出來了。” ”Letters from home always mean a lot,“ I said.”At least they do with me because I'm on the road so much.“ Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed: ”From a child or maybe a grandchild?“ “家書抵萬金啊，”我說。“至少對我來說是這樣，因為我老是在外旅行?！蔽夜懒克辛呤畾q了，便猜測說：“是孩子還是孫子寫來的？” ”This isn't family,“ he replied.”Although,“ he went on, ”come to think of it, it might just as well have been family.Old Ed was my oldest friend.In fact, we used to call each other 'Old Friend'--when we'd meet, that is.I'm not much of a hand at writing.“ “不是家里人，”他回答說?！安贿^，”他接著說，“想起來，也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙計是我最老的朋友了。實際上，過去我倆總是以‘老朋友’相稱的——就是說，當(dāng)我倆相見時。我這人就是不大會寫東西。” ”I don't think any of us keep up our correspondence too well,“ I said.”I know I don't.But I take it he's someone you've known quite a while?“ “我看大家寫信都不那么勤快，”我說，“我自己筆頭就很懶。我看，你認(rèn)識他挺久了吧？” 8 ”All my life, practically.We were kids together, so we go way back.“ “差不多認(rèn)識了一輩子了。我倆小時候就一起玩，所以我倆的友誼確實很長了。” 9 ”Went to school together?“ “一起上的學(xué)？” ”All the way through high school.We were in the same class, in fact, through both grade and high school.“ “都一起上到高中呢。事實上，我倆從小學(xué)到高中都在一個班里。” 11 ”There are not too many people who've had such a long friendship,“ I said.“保持這么長久友誼的人可真不多見啊，”我說?！盇ctually,“ the driver went on, ”I hadn't seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved away from the old neighborhood and you kind of lose touch even though you never forget.He was a great guy.“ “其實呢，”司機(jī)接著說，“近25到30年來，我跟他一年只見一兩次面，因為我從原來住的街區(qū)搬了出來，聯(lián)系自然就少了，雖說你一直放在心上。他在的時候可真是個大好人?！?13 ”You said 'was'.Does that mean-?“ “你剛才說他‘在的時候’。你是說——？” 14 He nodded.”Died a couple of weeks ago.“ 他點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭?！扒皫讉€星期過世啦?！?”I'm sorry,“ I said.”It's no fun to lose any friend--and losing a real old one is even tougher.“ “真遺憾，”我說，“失去朋友真不是個滋味，失去個真正的老朋友更讓人受不了?！?He didn't reply to that, and we rode on in silence for a few minutes.But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: ”I should have kept in touch.Yes,“ he repeated, ”I should have kept in touch.“ 他開著車，沒有接話兒。我們沉默了幾分鐘?？晌抑浪€在想著老埃德。他又開口時，與其說是跟我說話，還不如說是自言自語：“我真該一直保持聯(lián)系。真的，”他重復(fù)道，“我真該一直保持聯(lián)系。” ”well,“ I agreed, ”We should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do.But things come up and we just don't seem to find the time.“ “是啊，”我表示贊同，“我們都該與老朋友保持更多的聯(lián)系。不過總是有事情冒出來，好像就是抽不出空來?！?He shrugged.”We used to find the time,“ he said.”That's even mentioned in the letter.“ He handed it over to me.”Take a look.“and mail it.我進(jìn)了旅館房間之后，沒有馬上打開箱包。首先我得寫封信——而且要寄出去。

Professor Hawking thinks it important to keep everybody in touch with what science is about.In this article he explains why.霍金教授認(rèn)為使每個人都了解科學(xué)是干什么的非常重要。在這篇文章中，他對其中的緣由作了解釋。

Public Attitudes Toward Science Stephen Hawking 1 Whether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundred years, and it is likely to change even more in the next hundred.Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age.But as history shows, the past was not that wonderful.It was not so bad for a privileged minority, though even they had to do without modern medicine, and childbirth was highly risky for women.But for the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.公眾科學(xué)觀

斯蒂芬·霍金

無論我們是否愿意，我們生活的世界在過去一百年間已經(jīng)變化了許多，而且在未來的一百年里可能變化更多。有人想中止這種種變化，回到那個他們認(rèn)為更純潔更樸素的時代。但正如歷史所表明的，過去并非那么美妙。過去對享有特權(quán)的少數(shù)人不算太糟，但即便他們也無從享受現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療，而生育對婦女來說風(fēng)險極大。對占人口大多數(shù)的民眾而言，生活是艱難、殘忍而又短暫的。Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn't put the clock back to an earlier age.Knowledge and techniques can't just be forgotten.Nor can one prevent further advances in the future.Even if all government money for research were cut off(and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology.Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it.The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new,and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn't succeed.All it would do is slow down the rate of change.不管怎樣，即使有人想這么做，他也無法將時鐘撥回到早先的時代。知識與技術(shù)不可能說忘就忘了。也沒有人能阻止未來的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。即使所有用于研究的政府資金都被取消（現(xiàn)政府最擅此事），競爭的力量仍將繼續(xù)帶來技術(shù)的發(fā)展。更何況，沒有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，無論他們是否會為此得到酬勞。惟一能阻止進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的辦法或許是一個壓制任何新事物的全球政府，但人類的進(jìn)取心與創(chuàng)造力如此旺盛，即便這個政府也不會成功。它所能做到的只是延緩變化的速度。If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions.In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts.At the moment, the public is in two minds about science.It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn't understand it.This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein.It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties.But the public also has a great interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large audiences for television series such as The Sky at Night and for science fiction.如果我們承認(rèn)，我們無法阻止科學(xué)技術(shù)改變我們的世界，我們至少可以努力確保科技帶來的變化方向正確。在一個民主社會里，這意味著公眾需要對科學(xué)有一個基本的了解，從而可以作出明達(dá)的決定，而不是把決定留給專家去作。目前，公眾對科學(xué)存有矛盾之心。公眾期望科技新發(fā)展帶來的生活水準(zhǔn)的穩(wěn)定提高能繼續(xù)，但又懷疑科學(xué)，因為他們不懂科學(xué)。那個在實驗室里設(shè)法制造弗蘭肯斯泰因的瘋狂的科學(xué)家的卡通人物清楚地體現(xiàn)了公眾的這種懷疑。這也是人們之所以支持各種綠色組織的一個重要因素。但公眾同時也對科學(xué)深感興趣，尤其是對天文學(xué)，諸如《夜空》之類的電視系列節(jié)目觀眾不少以及科幻小說讀者甚多就是明證。What can be done to harness this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools.But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner.Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don't see its relevance to the world around them.Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations.Although equations are a brief and accurate way of describing mathematical ideas, they frighten most people.When I wrote a popular book recently, I was advised that each equation I included would halve the sales.I included one equation, Einstein's famous equation, E=mc2.Maybe I would have sold twice as many copies without it.怎么樣才能利用這種興趣，向公眾提供所需要的科學(xué)知識，以便其在酸雨、溫室效應(yīng)、核武器以及基因工程等問題上作出明達(dá)的決定呢？顯然，必須把基礎(chǔ)建立在學(xué)校課程上。但在學(xué)校里，科學(xué)往往被教得枯燥乏味。孩子們死記硬背應(yīng)付考試，他們看不出科學(xué)與他們的周圍世界的聯(lián)系。更有甚者，科學(xué)常常是用公式來教的。雖然公式是闡述數(shù)學(xué)概念的一種簡單而精確的方式，它們卻使大多數(shù)人望而生畏。前不久我寫了一本通俗讀物，當(dāng)時有人告誡我說，我每使用一個公式就會使銷量減半。我只使用了一個公式，即愛因斯坦那個著名的公式，E=mc2。如果不用這個公式的話，也許我能多賣出一倍的書。Scientists and engineers tend to express their ideas in the form of equations because they need to know the precise values of quantities.But for the rest of us, a qualitative grasp of scientific concepts is sufficient, and this can be conveyed by words and diagrams, without the use of equations.科學(xué)家和工程師傾向于用公式闡述觀點(diǎn)，因為他們需要知道量的精確值。但對我們其余的人來說，對科學(xué)概念有個質(zhì)的認(rèn)識就已足夠，這可以用文字和圖表來表述，大可不必使用公式。6 The science people learn in school can provide the basic framework.But the rate of scientific progress is now so rapid that there are always new developments that have occurred since one was at school or university.I never learned about molecular biology or transistors at school, but genetic engineering and computers are two of the developments most likely to change the way we live in the future.Popular books and magazine articles about science can help to put across new developments, but even the most successful popular book is read by only a small proportion of the population.Only television can reach a truly mass audience.There are some very good science programmes on TV, but others present scientific wonders simply as magic, without explaining them or showing how they fit into the framework of scientific ideas.Producers of television science programmes should realize that they have a responsibility to educate the public, not just entertain it.人們在學(xué)校學(xué)到的科學(xué)知識可以提供一個基本的框架。但如今科學(xué)進(jìn)步的速度如此之快，一個人離開學(xué)?；虼髮W(xué)后新的發(fā)展層出不窮。我在學(xué)校從未學(xué)過分子生物學(xué)或晶體管，但基因工程和計算機(jī)是極有可能改變我們未來生活的兩項發(fā)展。有關(guān)科學(xué)的通俗讀物和雜志文章能幫助人們了解新發(fā)展，但即使是最暢銷的科普讀物也只有一小部分人閱讀。只有電視能贏得真正廣大的觀眾。電視上有一些相當(dāng)優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)節(jié)目，但其他的節(jié)目把科學(xué)奇跡簡單地作為魔術(shù)播出，既不加以說明，也不展現(xiàn)它們與科學(xué)觀念的整體框架的關(guān)系。電視科學(xué)節(jié)目的制片人應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到，他們負(fù)有教育民眾的重任，而不僅僅是為他們提供娛樂。The world today is filled with dangers, hence the sick joke that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization is that civilizations tend to destroy themselves when they reach our stage.But I have sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to believe that we might prove this wrong.當(dāng)今世界充滿危險，因此就有了那個令人毛骨悚然的玩笑，說我們尚未受到外星文明造訪的原因在于：但凡文明發(fā)展到我們目前的程度，它們往往就自我毀滅了。然而我對公眾的明智充滿信心，因而相信，我們將證明這一說法是錯誤的?！?/p>

第五篇：大學(xué)英語精讀第三版第一冊【課文翻譯】

大學(xué)英語精讀第三版第一冊【課文翻譯】

Unit1 課程開始之際，就如何使學(xué)習(xí)英語的任務(wù)更容易提出一些建議似乎正當(dāng)其時。Some Strategies or Learning English 學(xué)習(xí)英語絕非易事。它需要刻苦和長期努力。

雖然不經(jīng)過持續(xù)的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英語，然而還是有各種有用的學(xué)習(xí)策略可以用來使這一任務(wù)變得容易一些。以下便是其中的幾種。1.不要以完全同樣的方式對待所有的生詞。你可曾因為簡直無法記住所學(xué)的所有生詞而抱怨自己的記憶力太差？其實，責(zé)任并不在你的記憶力。如果你一下子把太多的生詞塞進(jìn)頭腦，必定有一些生詞會被擠出來。你需要做的是根據(jù)生詞日常使用的頻率以不同的方式對待它們。積極詞匯需要經(jīng)常練習(xí)，有用的詞匯必須牢記，而在日常情況下不常出現(xiàn)的詞只需見到時認(rèn)識即可。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)把注意力集中于積極有用的詞上是擴(kuò)大詞匯量最有效的途徑。

2．密切注意地道的表達(dá)方式。你可曾納悶過，為什么我們說 “我對英語感興趣”是“I'm interested in English”，而說“我精于法語”則是“I'm good at French”？你可曾問過自己，為什么以英語為母語的人說“獲悉消息或秘密”是“l(fā)earn the news or secret”，而“獲悉某人的成功或到來”卻是“l(fā)earn of someone's success or arrival”？這些都是慣用法的例子。在學(xué)習(xí)英語時，你不僅必須注意詞義，還必須注意以英語為母語的人在日常生活中如何使用它。

3．每天聽英語。經(jīng)常聽英語不僅會提高你的聽力，而且有助你培養(yǎng)說的技能。除了專為課程準(zhǔn)備的語言磁帶外，你還可以聽英語廣播，看英語電視和英語電影。第一次聽錄好音的英語對話或語段，你也許不能聽懂很多。先試著聽懂大意，然后再反復(fù)地聽。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)每次重復(fù)都會聽懂更多的東西。

4．抓住機(jī)會說。的確，在學(xué)校里必須用英語進(jìn)行交流的場合并不多，但你還是可以找到練習(xí)講英語的機(jī)會。例如，跟你的同班同學(xué)進(jìn)行交談可能就是得到一些練習(xí)的一種輕松愉快的方式。還可以找校園里以英語為母語的人跟他們隨意交談?；蛟S練習(xí)講英語最容易的方式是高聲朗讀，因為這在任何時間，任何地方，不需要搭檔就可以做到。例如，你可以看著圖片或身邊的物件，試著對它們詳加描述。你還可以復(fù)述日常情景。在商店里購物或在餐館里吃完飯付過賬后，假裝這一切都發(fā)生在一個講英語的國家，試著用英語把它表演出來。

5．廣泛閱讀。廣泛閱讀很重要，因為在我們的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中，閱讀是最重要、最可靠的語言輸入來源。在選擇閱讀材料時，要找你認(rèn)為有趣的、不需要過多依賴詞典就能看懂的東西。開始時每天讀一頁是個好辦法。接下去，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)你每天可以讀更多頁，而且能對付難度更高的材料。

6．經(jīng)常寫。寫作是練習(xí)你已經(jīng)學(xué)會的東西的好方法。除了老師布置的作文，你還可以找到自己要寫的理由。有個筆友可以提供很好的動力；與某個跟你趣味相投但來自不同文化的人進(jìn)行交流，你會學(xué)到很多東西。經(jīng)常寫作的其他方式還有記日記，寫小故事或概述每天的新聞。語言學(xué)習(xí)是一個積累的過程。從讀和聽中吸收盡量多的東西，然后再試著把學(xué)到的東西通過說和寫加以運(yùn)用，定會大有收益。

Unit2 弗朗西斯?奇切斯特在六十五歲時開始了只身環(huán)球航行。本文記述的就是這一冒險故事。Sailing Round the Word 弗朗西斯?奇切斯特在獨(dú)自駕船作環(huán)球航行之前，已有好幾次讓他的朋友們感到吃驚了。他曾試圖作環(huán)球飛行，但沒有成功。那是1931年。好多年過去了。他放棄了飛行，開始航海。他領(lǐng)略到航海的巨大樂趣。奇切斯特在首屆橫渡大西洋單人航海比賽中奪魁時，已經(jīng)五十八歲。他周游世界的宿愿重又被喚起，不過這一次他是要駕船環(huán)游。由于他患有肺癌，朋友們和醫(yī)生們都認(rèn)為他不該去，但奇切斯特決意實施自己的計劃。1966年8月，在他快滿六十五歲的時候——許多人在這個年齡已經(jīng)退休——他開始了一生中最了不起的一次航海。不久，他就駕著那艘16米長的新船吉普賽?莫思號啟程出海了。

奇切斯特沿著19世紀(jì)大型三桅帆船的航線航行。不過，三桅帆船擁有眾多船員，而奇切斯特卻是獨(dú)個兒揚(yáng)帆破浪，即使在主要轉(zhuǎn)舵裝置被大風(fēng)刮壞之后仍是這樣。奇切斯特一直航行了14 100英里，到了澳大利亞的悉尼港才停船靠岸。這段航程比以往單人駕舟航海的最遠(yuǎn)航程還多一倍多。

他于12月12日抵達(dá)澳大利亞，這一天正是他離開英國的第107天。他受到澳大利亞人和乘飛機(jī)專程前去迎接他的家人們的熱烈歡迎。奇切斯特上岸后，得由人攙扶著才能行走。大家眾口一詞，說他已航行得夠遠(yuǎn)了，不要再繼續(xù)向前航行了。但他卻置若罔聞。在悉尼休息了幾周之后，他不顧朋友們的多方勸阻，再次揚(yáng)帆出航。這后半段航程更為艱險，在此期間，他繞過了險情四伏的合恩角。1月29日他駛離澳大利亞。第二天夜晚——這是他所經(jīng)歷過的最黑暗的一個夜晚——海面上波濤洶涌，小船幾乎被風(fēng)浪掀翻。食物、衣服、還有碎玻璃，全都混雜在一起了。幸好小船遭到的損壞還不算太嚴(yán)重。奇切斯特鎮(zhèn)靜地鉆進(jìn)被窩，睡著了。等他醒來時，大海又恢復(fù)了平靜。然而，他仍禁不住想到，要是果真有什么意外，他能借無線電聯(lián)系上的人，最近的也要在885英里以外的島上，除非附近哪兒有條輪船。奇切斯特成功地繞過合恩角以后，便通過無線電給倫敦發(fā)去如下電文：“我覺得好像剛從噩夢中醒來。就是野馬也休想再把我拖回到合恩角和那兇險莫測的南大洋去了?！?1967年5月28日，星期天，晚上將近9點(diǎn)，他回到了英國。有二十五萬人等在那兒歡迎他。伊麗莎白女王二世手持寶劍敕封他為爵士。將近400年前，伊麗莎白一世也曾手持同一把寶劍，把爵位賜予完成首次環(huán)球航行的弗朗西斯?德雷克爵士。從英國出發(fā)，再回到英國，整個航程長達(dá)28 500英里。奇切斯特一共花了九個月的時間，其中實際航行時間為226天。他終于完成了他想完成的偉業(yè)。

和許多別的冒險家一樣，奇切斯特產(chǎn)生過恐懼而又戰(zhàn)勝了恐懼。在這一過程中，他無疑對自身有了一些了解。此外，在當(dāng)今這個人類如此依賴機(jī)器的時代，他賦予了全世界的人們以新的自豪感。

Unit3 人們說血濃于水，即我們的親屬比別人對我們更重要。老太太生日這天，所有的人都對她那么好。無疑她的女兒將會做出更大的努力使她高興了？ The Present 這天是老太太的生日。

為了靜心等候郵件，她一早就起床了。郵差打馬路那頭過來的時候，她從三樓的公寓套間里一眼就可以看到。她難得有信，偶爾有郵件寄來，總是由住在底樓的小男孩給她送上來。她相信今天肯定會有東西來。邁拉盡管在別的時候絕少寫信，可母親的生日她是不會忘記的。當(dāng)然，邁拉很忙。她丈夫當(dāng)上了市長，邁拉自己也由于悉心為老年人工作而獲得一枚獎?wù)?。老太太頗以邁拉自豪，但她真心疼愛的女兒卻是伊妮德。伊妮德始終沒結(jié)婚，但她似乎以跟老母同住，并任教于附近的一所小學(xué)而心滿意足。

然而一天傍晚，伊妮德卻說：“媽媽，我已安排讓莫里森太太來照顧你幾天。明天我要去住院——只是動個小手術(shù)。我很快會回家來的?！?第二天早上她去了，卻再也沒有回來——她死在了手術(shù)臺上。邁拉來參加了葬禮，并以她特有的干練方式，安排莫里森太太來家生火，并為老太太準(zhǔn)備早餐。

那是兩年以前的事了，打那以后，邁拉來看過她母親三次，可她丈夫卻一次也沒來過。今天是老太太的八十壽辰。她穿上了她最好的衣裙。也許——也許邁拉會來的吧。不管怎么說，八十大壽畢竟非同一般——你又活了十年，或者說又熬過了十年，是活是熬，全在于你怎么看了。

即便邁拉不來，她也會寄禮物來的。老太太對這點(diǎn)是拿得準(zhǔn)的。臉頰上的兩片紅暈，使她滿臉生輝。她心情激動——激動得像個小孩。她的這個生日一定會過得很快活。

昨天，莫里森太太把這套公寓房間額外打掃了一遍。今天來準(zhǔn)備早餐時還帶來一張生日卡和一束萬壽菊。樓下的格蘭特太太特地做了一只蛋糕，下午老太太要下樓到她家去吃茶點(diǎn)。小男孩約翰尼也上樓來過，送來了一盒薄荷糖，還說要等她郵件來了以后再出去玩?！拔也履銣?zhǔn)會收到好多好多禮物，”他說?！吧蟼€禮拜我六歲生日，就收到好多好多?！?她想要樣什么禮物呢？也許是一雙拖鞋,或者是一件新的羊毛開衫。要真是一件羊毛開衫那就太好了,藍(lán)盈盈的，那顏色該多么漂亮。過去吉姆就總喜歡她穿藍(lán)的。再不就是一盞臺燈，或者一本書，一本帶照片的游記；一只小鐘也行，鐘面帶醒目黑色數(shù)字的小鐘。讓人喜歡的東西可真多。

她站在窗口張望著。郵差騎著自行車過了拐角。她心跳加快了。約翰尼也看到了郵差，立即向大門口跑去。

接著，樓梯上傳來“得得得”的腳步聲。約翰尼敲了敲她的門?！澳棠?，奶奶，”他叫著說，“我拿到你的信了?！? 他交給她四封信。三封沒封口，是老朋友寄來的生日卡。第四封是封口的，上面的字跡出自于邁拉之手。失望的痛楚攫住了老太太的心頭。“沒有包裹嗎，約翰尼？” “沒有，奶奶。” 也許是包裹太大了，沒有隨信件郵班同來。對了，準(zhǔn)是這個緣故。待會兒會有包裹郵班送來的。她一定要有耐心。

她幾乎是帶著幾分勉強(qiáng)之意撕開了信封。只見生日卡里夾著一張折疊起來的紙?？ㄉ嫌∮小吧湛鞓贰钡淖謽?，下面寫著一句附言——拿這張支票給自己買樣稱心的東西吧——邁拉和哈羅德。

支票像只斷了翅膀的小鳥似的飄落到地板上。老太太慢慢地彎下腰，把支票從地上撿了起來。她的禮物，她的可愛的禮物！她用顫抖的手指把支票撕了個粉碎

Unit4 在美國，許多人把大部分空閑時間花在看電視上。的確，電視里有很多值得一看的節(jié)目，包括新聞、兒童教育節(jié)目、討論當(dāng)前社會問題的節(jié)目、戲劇、電影、音樂會等等。然而，人們也許不該在電視機(jī)前花費(fèi)那么多的時間。如果我們被迫要找一些其他的活動，那我們可以做些什么呢？對這一問題，梅耶先生做了一番想像。Turning Off TV: A Quiet Hour 我想建議每天晚上一播完晚間新聞，美國所有的電視臺都依法停播六十至九十分鐘。

讓我們認(rèn)真而通情達(dá)理地看一下，如果這一建議被采納的話，會有什么樣的結(jié)果。千家萬戶也許會利用這段時間真正地團(tuán)聚一番。沒有電視機(jī)的干擾，他們晚飯后也許會圍坐在一起，當(dāng)真交談起來。眾所周知，我們的許多問題——事實上是所有的問題，從代溝、高離婚率到某些精神病——至少部分地是由于沒能交流思想而引起的。我們誰也不把自己心頭的煩惱告訴別人，結(jié)果感情上便產(chǎn)生了這樣那樣的問題。利用這安靜的、全家聚在一起的時刻來討論我們的各種問題，我們相互之間也許會更加了解，更加相愛。

有些晚上，如果沒有必要進(jìn)行這種交談，那么各家各戶也許會重新發(fā)現(xiàn)一些更為積極的消遣活動。如果他們掙脫開電視機(jī)的束縛而不得不另尋自己的活動，他們也許會合家驅(qū)車去看日落?；蛘咭苍S會全家一起去散步（還記得自己長有雙腳嗎？），用新奇的目光觀察住處周圍的地區(qū)。

有了空閑時間而又沒有電視可看，大人小孩便有可能重新發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀。一本好書里的樂趣，勝過一個月中所有典型的電視節(jié)目。教育家們報告說，伴隨著電視長大的這一代人幾乎寫不出一句英語句子，甚至在大學(xué)一級受教育的人也是這樣。寫作往往是通過閱讀學(xué)會的。每晚清靜這么一個小時，可以造就出文化程度較高的一代新人。也許還可以像過去那樣進(jìn)行另一種形式的閱讀：高聲朗讀。沒有多少娛樂比一家人聚在一起，聽爸爸或媽媽朗讀一篇優(yōu)美的故事更能使一家人關(guān)系融洽和睦了。沒有電視干擾的這一小時，可以成為朗讀故事的時間。等這靜悄悄的一小時過去后，想要再把我們從新發(fā)現(xiàn)的娛樂活動中拉回去，電視聯(lián)播公司也許將被迫拿出些更好的節(jié)目來才行。

乍一看，停播一小時電視的想法似乎過于偏激。如果少了這位電子保姆，做父母的可怎么辦呢？我們怎么來打發(fā)這段時間呢？其實這個想法一點(diǎn)也不偏激。電視開始主宰美國人的空閑時間，至今也不過才二十五年。我們之中那些年滿和年過三十五歲的人，還能回憶起沒有電視相伴的童年，那時我們有一部分空閑時間以收音機(jī)為伴——聽收音機(jī)至少還要發(fā)揮聽者的想像力——但另外我們還看書、學(xué)習(xí)、交談、做游戲、發(fā)明一些新的活動。日子也并不那么難過。真的。那時我們確實過得挺開心。

Unit5 你是否曾夢想成為一名作家，卻因為擔(dān)心自己缺乏這方面的才能而卻步？如果是這樣，那么讀一讀琳達(dá)?斯塔福德的故事就會使你懷著重燃的希望拿起筆來。I Never Write Right 在我十五歲的時候，我在我們英語課上宣布說我要寫書并為自己的書作插圖。當(dāng)時有一半同學(xué)大笑不止，差一點(diǎn)從他們座位上摔出去。

“別犯傻了。只有天才能成為作家。”英語老師說，“而你這學(xué)期的英語只能得D?！? 我感到很難堪，一下子哭了起來。當(dāng)天晚上我就寫了一首短詩，抒發(fā)夢想破滅的悲哀，然后把它寄給了《卡珀周刊》。令我驚訝的是，他們竟發(fā)表了我的詩，還寄給了我兩美元。我成了一個發(fā)表過作品拿到過稿費(fèi)的作家了！我拿給老師和同學(xué)們看。他們都笑了?！凹兇馐巧颠\(yùn)氣，”老師說。我已經(jīng)嘗到了成功的滋味。我已經(jīng)賣掉了我的第一篇作品。這超過了他們?nèi)魏稳巳〉玫某煽?，就算它“純粹是傻運(yùn)氣”，我也覺得很好。

在隨后的兩年里，我賣出去幾十件作品，其中包括詩歌、信件、笑話和食譜。到我中學(xué)畢業(yè)時（平均分為Cˉ），我已經(jīng)有了好幾本剪貼簿，上面貼滿了我發(fā)表過的作品。我再也沒有對老師們、朋友們或家人談起我寫作的事。他們都是些扼殺夢想的人。而如果人們必須在朋友和夢想之間作出選擇的話，他們必須永遠(yuǎn)選擇后者。

但有時候你確實能找到一個支持你夢想的朋友?！皩懕緯苋菀住保倚陆坏呐笥迅嬖V我，“你能寫書?！? “我不知道自己是不是夠聰明，”我說，突然之間又感到自己回到了15歲的時候，聽到了那些笑聲在回響。

“胡說！”她說，“任何人都能寫書，只要他們想寫?！? 當(dāng)時我已經(jīng)有四個孩子，最大的一個才四歲。我們住在俄克拉何馬的一個山羊飼養(yǎng)場里，離開任何人都很遠(yuǎn)。我每天要做的事就是照看四個孩子，擠羊奶，燒飯，洗衣和收拾果園。孩子們睡覺時，我就在我那臺老式打字機(jī)上打字。我寫我的親身感受。一共花了九個月，就像生孩子一樣。

我隨便選了一個出版商，把手稿放進(jìn)一只放尿布的空盒子里——我唯一能找到的盒子。我附了一封信，上面寫道：“這本書是我自己寫的，希望你喜歡它。插圖也是我自己畫的。我最喜歡第 6章和第12章。謝謝?！? 我用繩子扎好尿布盒就把它寄了出去，既沒有附上一個寫好回信地址貼好郵票的信封，也沒有把手稿復(fù)印一份。一個月后我收到了一份合同和一筆預(yù)支的版稅，他們還要求我開始動手寫另一本書。

《哭泣的風(fēng)》成了一本暢銷書，被譯成15種文字在全世界銷售。我白天出現(xiàn)在電視臺的訪談節(jié)目中，晚上則給孩子們換尿布。為推銷我的書我到處旅行，從紐約到加利福尼亞，還去過加拿大。我的第一本書還成了加拿大印第安人學(xué)校的必讀書。

我寫第二本書花了半年時間?！段也粩嗵剿鞯男摹芬渤闪艘槐緯充N書。我的下一部小說《當(dāng)我交出我的心》只三個星期就完成了。

人們問我讀過什么大學(xué)，有什么學(xué)位，有什么資歷成為一個作家。我的回答是什么都沒。我只是寫。我不是天才，我沒有天賦，寫作是野路子。我也沒受過什么訓(xùn)練，而且在孩子和朋友們身上花的時間比寫作還多。

直到四年前我才有了一本同類詞匯編，我一直用一本89美分買的韋氏小詞典。我用的電動打字機(jī)是六年前花129美元買的。我從未用過文字處理機(jī)。我們一家六口，燒飯、洗衣、打掃衛(wèi)生全是我一個人做，只能見縫插針地抽空寫那么幾分鐘。我是跟四個孩子坐在沙發(fā)上邊吃匹薩餅邊看電視時以手寫的方式寫東西的。書寫完后，再把它打出來寄給出版商。

我已經(jīng)寫了八本書。四本已經(jīng)出版，三本還在出版商手里。只有一本水平較差。

對所有夢想著當(dāng)作家的人，我要大聲對你們說：“是的，你能！是的，你能！”我沒有按正規(guī)路子在寫作，但我已戰(zhàn)勝了種種困難。寫作并不困難，寫作很有趣，只要下定決心任何人都能寫書。當(dāng)然，有一點(diǎn)小小的傻運(yùn)氣也沒壞處。

Unit6 薩姆著手提高襯衫廠的效率了，但正如我們將在本單元后半部分發(fā)現(xiàn)的，他的計劃實施結(jié)果跟他原先預(yù)料的并不完全一樣。Sam Adams, Industrial Engineer 如果你問我母親，我怎么偏偏會成為一名工業(yè)管理工程師的，她就會告訴你，我一直就是這樣一個人。

她的意思是說，我一貫希望把樣樣?xùn)|西都安排得井井有條，整整齊齊。還在上小學(xué)時，我就喜歡把襪子放在衣柜左上方的抽屜里，內(nèi)衣放在右上方的抽屜里，襯衫放在當(dāng)中的抽屜里，折得齊齊整整的褲子放在最下面的抽屜里。

事實上，我那時一直是全家人的效率專家。父親的工具、母親的廚房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我統(tǒng)一安排。

我需要講究效率。我希望有條不紊。對我來說，樣樣?xùn)|西都有個固定的地方，樣樣?xùn)|西總是放在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?。這些素質(zhì)為我日后從事工業(yè)管理打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。

遺憾的是，我這個人也有一點(diǎn)專橫，不太善于聽取別人的意見。等我把在大學(xué)取得學(xué)士學(xué)位后承辦第一項工程的情況告訴你以后，你就會明白我這話是什么意思了。

畢業(yè)后我回到家鄉(xiāng)——印第安納州的一個小鎮(zhèn)上。當(dāng)時我還沒有找到工作。我父親的一位朋友霍布斯先生在鎮(zhèn)上有一家小型襯衫廠。在過去五年里，廠里的工人從二十名增加到了八十名?；舨妓瓜壬鷵?dān)心他的工廠規(guī)模變得太大了，效率變得太低了，便請我進(jìn)廠當(dāng)了個短期顧問。我來到廠里，花了一個星期左右的時間一邊到處查看，一邊做些筆記。說真的，我對看到的情況不勝驚訝。

最為奇怪的是，廠里竟然沒有任何質(zhì)量控制。沒有人檢驗工廠生產(chǎn)的成品。結(jié)果，有些裝箱待運(yùn)的襯衫不是缺了一兩粒鈕扣，就是少了衣領(lǐng)，有時甚至還會短只袖子。

工廠的生產(chǎn)條件很差。工作臺很高，工人坐在旁邊很不舒服。除了吃中飯的半小時外，全天沒有別的休息時間來調(diào)劑一下令人厭倦的工作。廠里也不播放音樂。工場間的墻壁全是一片暗灰色。使我感到驚奇的是，工人們竟然沒有罷工。

此外，廠里的生產(chǎn)流程也時斷時續(xù)。在裝配線上有個縫鈕扣的年輕人特別心不在焉。沒有多久，我便認(rèn)出了他，原來他就是在中學(xué)上數(shù)學(xué)課時坐在我后面的“大個子吉姆”。他動作很慢，所有的襯衫到了他這兒都被耽擱下來。裝配線上他后面的同班工人只好等在那兒無事可干；因此，在“大個子吉姆”一邊工作一邊胡思亂想的時候，大量時間便白白流逝了，勞動效率大受損失。整個禮拜我都在納悶，為什么他沒有被解雇。

我觀察了一個星期后，霍布斯先生便要我就調(diào)查結(jié)果作一個口頭匯報。我把要點(diǎn)概括了一下向他匯報如下：

“如果實行質(zhì)量檢驗，你們就會大大改進(jìn)成品?！? “如果把裝配線重新設(shè)計一下，生產(chǎn)流程就會達(dá)到平穩(wěn)，并能節(jié)省時間和精力?！? “如果降低工作臺的高度，機(jī)器操作工作業(yè)時就會舒服一些?！?“如果廠方播放悅耳的背景音樂，美化一下單調(diào)的環(huán)境，工廠的生產(chǎn)率就可以大大提高。” “如果工人們在上、下午各有一次十五分鐘的休息時間喝咖啡，他們的效率就會更高?！? “如果工作出色能經(jīng)常得到加薪提拔，工人們就會有更大的生產(chǎn)積極性?！? 霍布斯先生對我的匯報表示感謝，并告訴我說他將和他的兄弟——該廠的另一位廠主兼經(jīng)理——討論我的建議。“我們關(guān)心工廠的發(fā)展，”他說?！拔覀円蠒r代的步伐?！? 他還送給我一張一百美元的支票并贈送給我一盒襯衫。

Unit7 作者想對一位老人表示一番好意，結(jié)果卻使兩個人都很難堪，這時他才認(rèn)識到，光有善良的意愿是不夠的。The Sampler 有一家出售布丁的商店，每年圣誕節(jié)期間都把許多這類美味的食品擺成一排供顧客選購。在這里你可以挑選最合你口味的布丁，甚至商店還允許你先把各色布丁品嘗一番，然后再做出決定。

我常常納悶，會不會有一些根本無意購買的人利用這一優(yōu)惠趁機(jī)揩油。有一天，我向女店員提出了這一問題，從她那兒得知事情果真如此。

“比如說吧，有這樣一位老先生，”她告訴我，“他差不多每個星期都要到這兒來，每只布丁他都要嘗一嘗，盡管他從來不買什么東西，而且我猜想他永遠(yuǎn)也不會買。我從去年，甚至前年就記住他了。哎，要是他想品嘗就讓他來吧，歡迎他來品嘗。而且，我希望有更多的商店可以讓他去品嘗。他看上去似乎確實有這種需要，我想這點(diǎn)小意思他們是不在乎的?！? 就在她講這話的時候，一位上了年紀(jì)的先生一瘸一拐地走到了柜臺前，開始對著那排布丁興致勃勃地仔細(xì)看了起來。

“喏，這就是我剛剛對你說的那位先生，”店員輕聲對我說?！艾F(xiàn)在你就看著他好了?！苯又娃D(zhuǎn)過身去對老人說道：“先生，您想嘗嘗這些布丁嗎？您可以用這把調(diào)羹?！? 這位老先生衣著雖然破舊，但卻十分整潔。他接過調(diào)羹，便開始急切地一只接一只地品嘗起來，只是偶爾停下來，用一方大的破手絹擦擦他的紅眼睛。“這種很好。” “這種也不錯，可是稍微膩了一點(diǎn)?！? 有一點(diǎn)自始至終很明顯：他真誠地相信自己最終也許會買一只布??；而我也確信，他一點(diǎn)也不覺得自己是在欺騙商店。可憐的老頭兒！很可能他已經(jīng)家道敗落。從前他是有錢來選購他最喜愛的布丁的，而今卻只能這樣來品嘗一下布丁的味道了。

為圣誕節(jié)忙著采購商品的顧客個個喜形于色，看上去都很富裕。老人矮小的黑色身影在這群人中間顯得很可憐，很不相稱。我突然動了惻隱之心，走到他跟前說：

“請原諒，先生，能賞我個臉嗎？讓我為您買一只布丁吧。如果您肯收下，我將不勝欣慰。” 他往后一跳，仿佛被什么東西蜇了一下似地，他那張布滿皺紋的臉頓時漲得通紅。“對不起，”他說，其神態(tài)之高傲，遠(yuǎn)非我根據(jù)其外表所能想像得出，“我想我跟您并不相識。無疑您是認(rèn)錯人了。”于是他當(dāng)機(jī)立斷，轉(zhuǎn)向女店員，大聲說道：“勞駕把這只替我包扎一下。我要帶走的?！彼噶酥缸畲蟮?、也是最貴的一只布丁。

女店員從架子上取下那只布丁，動手包扎。這時，他掏出一只破舊的黑色小皮夾子，開始一個先令一個便士地數(shù)著硬幣，把它們放在柜臺上。為了保住“面子”，他被迫買下了他實在買不起的東西。我多么希望能收回我那些不得體的話?。∪欢鵀闀r已晚，我感到此時惟有走開才是最積德的事。

“請您到那邊賬臺上去付款，”女店員告訴他，但他卻好像沒有聽懂，只管把硬幣往她手里塞。打這以后我再也沒有看到這位老人，也沒有聽到過有關(guān)他的情況。現(xiàn)在他再也不會到那家商店去品嘗布丁了。

Unit8 發(fā)現(xiàn)了母親為他藏好的圣誕禮物男孩起先很高興。但接著他就開始擔(dān)心，媽媽將因此失去給他一個驚喜的喜悅。他該怎么辦呢？ A Magician at Stretching a Dollar 那年的十二月，圣誕節(jié)臨近了。一天下午，媽媽在外面上班，妹妹多麗絲在廚房里，我為了找一枚安全別針而開門走進(jìn)了媽媽的臥室。因為她的臥室門正對著共用的走廊，她總是把門鎖著，但我因為需要別針，便從藏鑰匙的地方取出鑰匙，打開門，走了進(jìn)去。只見靠墻立著一輛低壓輪胎的、大的黑色自行車。我一下子就認(rèn)出了它。這正是那擺在巴爾的摩大街一家商店櫥窗里一直讓我羨慕不已的二手車。我甚至還問過這輛車的價錢。簡直貴得嚇人。差不多要十五塊錢。媽媽想辦法湊足了首付款，打算在圣誕節(jié)早晨拿這輛自行車給我一個驚喜。

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)讓我深為感動，然而想到這樣闖進(jìn)她的臥室，從而剝奪了她在圣誕節(jié)那天見到我又驚又喜時的歡樂，我又感到厭惡。我本不想知道她這個可愛的秘密；但像這樣偶然地發(fā)現(xiàn)了它仍然使我覺得好像重重地打擊了她的歡樂一樣。我從她的臥室退了出來，把鑰匙放回原處，認(rèn)真考慮著該怎么辦才好。

我決定，在現(xiàn)在和圣誕節(jié)之前這段時間里，我必須不動聲色，絕對不可露出一點(diǎn)蛛絲馬跡暗示我已令人討厭地知道了此事。我必須謹(jǐn)言慎行，不能讓她知道我已掌握了她的秘密。必須想盡一切辦法讓她在圣誕節(jié)那天享受到看見我極為驚訝時的快樂。

在我不受干擾的臥室里，我開始構(gòu)思并試驗種種表示喜悅的驚叫：“哇噢！”“一輛低壓輪胎的自行車！我真不敢相信！”“我是世界上最最幸運(yùn)的男孩！”等等。這些話都大大歸功于比如由米基?魯尼主演的電影，片中男孩子看到他們最不著邊際的夢想得以實現(xiàn)時都這么說。我很快便意識到，因為我缺乏演戲的天才，在我不由自主地想大聲喊出發(fā)自肺腑的愛時，所有這些話聽上去都會顯得很虛假?；蛟S最好是什么也不說，而是看上去驚喜得連話也說不出來了。不過，我也沒有把握。我在電影里也看到過說不出話來的感激，但直到演員們設(shè)法哭出幾滴無聲的眼淚時才真正起到作用。我懷疑自己能否適時地哭出來，于是便開始思考別的表示無言驚訝的方式。在臥室里，我手拿鏡子，試著做出各種各樣的表情，嘴巴張得大大的，眼睛瞪得圓圓的；雙手猛地捂住臉頰使下巴不至于落下來，雙臂抱著自己，咧開嘴大笑，把全部牙齒都露出來。這些動作和一些別的動作我練了好幾天，但對任何一個動作都沒有把握。我決定等到圣誕節(jié)早晨再說，看能不能自然而然地做出什么動作來 ……

那年的圣誕節(jié)早晨，媽媽一早就把我們叫醒了，“看看圣誕老人帶來了什么，”她只是用一般的口吻說，借以表明我們都不小了，知道圣誕老人是誰了。我?guī)е徒o她和多麗絲的禮物從我的臥室里走了出來，多麗絲也帶著她送給我們的禮物走了出來。媽媽送給我們的禮物已在夜里放在了圣誕樹下。有幾個用彩紙包好的小包，一個給多麗絲的大玩具娃娃，但卻沒有自行車。我當(dāng)時看上去一定很失望。

在我打開包的時候，媽媽說：“看來圣誕老人今年對你不太好嗎，老弟?！惫贿@里只有一件襯衫和一根領(lǐng)帶。我嘴上說了些半心半意的話，什么“重要的是這番情意”等等，但心里感到的卻是極度的失望。我猜想也許是她發(fā)覺自行車太貴，又把它送了回去。

“等一下！”她大聲喊道，一邊還打了個榧子。“我睡房里還有樣?xùn)|西我竟忘了個一干二凈?！? 她出去了，不一會兒就推著那輛低壓輪胎的大的黑色自行車回來了。結(jié)果我也不必假裝了。我們?nèi)齻€人——多麗絲、媽媽和我——都是那種性格內(nèi)斂、不會感情激動地表達(dá)愛的人，但我還是做了一件讓媽媽和我都大吃一驚的事。我情不自禁地伸出雙臂摟住她，吻了她?！昂昧?，好了，別大驚小怪了。只不過是一輛自行車嘛，”她說。

不過，我還是知道她很高興，就像我看到她那么高興我也高興一樣。

Unit9 這是一篇幽默小品。但讀完以后你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者寫這篇文章是極為嚴(yán)肅的。Is There Life On Earth ? 本周金星上群情激動異常。金星上的科學(xué)家首次把一顆衛(wèi)星成功地送上了地球，此后衛(wèi)星便不斷地發(fā)回信號和照片。

衛(wèi)星對準(zhǔn)發(fā)射的地區(qū)叫曼哈頓（是以金星上偉大的天文學(xué)家曼哈頓教授命名的，在兩萬光年之前該教授用望遠(yuǎn)鏡首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個地區(qū)）。

由于天氣條件極為有利，信號極為清晰，金星科學(xué)家們從而獲得了有關(guān)載人飛碟能否在地球上著陸的寶貴資料。于是，有關(guān)方面在金星理工學(xué)院舉行了一次記者招待會。

“根據(jù)上周發(fā)射的衛(wèi)星所提供的資料，”佐格教授說，“我們已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論：地球上沒有生命?！?“這您是怎么知道的呢?”《金星晚報》的科學(xué)記者問。

“首先，曼哈頓地區(qū)的地球表面均由堅固的混凝土構(gòu)成，那里什么東西也無法生長。另外，大氣層中充滿了一氧化碳和其他致命的氣體，任何人呼吸了這種空氣都不可能幸存下來。” “這對我們的飛碟計劃來說又意味著什么呢?” “這意味著我們必須隨身攜帶我們所需要的氧氣，這樣一來，飛碟就要比我們原先計劃的重很多?！? “你們在研究中有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)其他什么危險呢?” “請看這張照片。諸位看到在地球表面上方飄浮的這片深黑色的云層嗎？我們把它叫做愛迪生聯(lián)合電氣公司帶。雖然我們還不知道它含有什么成分，但是它很可能會給我們帶來許多麻煩，我們還必須做更多的試驗，然后才能把金星人送往地球。

”這邊，諸位可以看到像是一條河似的東西，不過衛(wèi)星探測的結(jié)果表明它已被污染，河水不適于飲用。這意味著我們必須自己帶水，這就會給飛碟增加更多的重量?！? ”先生，照片上那些小小的黑點(diǎn)是什么?“ ”我們也不清楚。它們好像是一些沿著某些軌道運(yùn)動的金屬微粒。它們排放氣體，發(fā)出噪音，而且不斷地相互碰撞。那兒有很多這樣的軌道，很多這樣的金屬微粒，要使飛碟在那兒著陸而不被某一顆微粒撞毀是很難辦到的?！?”那些筆直豎立的石筍狀凸出物是什么東西?“ ”它們是某種夜間會發(fā)光的花崗巖結(jié)構(gòu)。格洛姆教授把它們叫做摩天大樓，因為它們好像已經(jīng)擦到了天?！?”如果您所說的都是事實，那飛碟計劃不就要推遲好多年嗎?“ ”是的，但一俟格拉布斯塔特貸款基金會把追加的資金給我們，我們就會立即實施這一計劃。“ ”佐格教授，既然地球上沒有生命，那我們?yōu)槭裁催€要花費(fèi)億萬個零元向那兒發(fā)射飛碟呢?“ ”因為如果我們金星人能學(xué)會在地球的大氣層中呼吸的話，那我們就可以在任何地方生存了?！?/p>

Unit10 我是在幾年前，從在紐約格林威治村碰到的一個女孩子那里第一次聽到這個故事的。這故事很可能是那些每隔幾年就會重新出現(xiàn)，以一種新的說法再被講述一遍的神秘的民間傳說中的一個。然而，我依然愿意相信這故事確實曾在某個地方、某個時間發(fā)生過。Going Home 他們要去洛德代爾堡——三個男孩子和三個女孩子。他們用紙袋裝著夾心面包和葡萄酒上了公共汽車。當(dāng)紐約灰暗寒冷的春天在他們身后消失時，他們正夢想著金色的海灘和大海的潮水。

公共汽車駛過新澤西州時，他們開始注意到了文戈。他坐在他們前面，穿著一套不合身的便服，一動不動。他風(fēng)塵滿面，讓人看不出他有多大歲數(shù)。他不停地咬著嘴唇內(nèi)側(cè)，表情冷淡，默默無言。

深夜，公共汽車駛抵華盛頓郊外，停進(jìn)了霍華德?約翰遜餐館。所有人都下了車，只有文戈除外。他像生了根似地坐在座位上，幾個年輕人開始詫異起來，試圖想像出他的身世：他或許是位海船船長，或是一個拋下妻子離家出走的人，再不就是一個回家的老兵。當(dāng)他們回到車上時，一個女孩子便坐到他身邊，作了自我介紹。

”我們要到佛羅里達(dá)去，“她興高采烈地說?！甭犝f那兒的確很美?！? ”是的，“他輕聲說道，仿佛想起了他一直想忘卻的什么東西。

”想喝點(diǎn)酒嗎？“她問。他微微一笑，就著瓶子喝了一大口。他謝了謝她，又縮回去一聲不響了。過了一會兒，她回到自己一伙人身邊，而文戈則打著盹睡著了。

第二天早上，他們醒來，車已停在另一家霍華德?約翰遜餐館外面。這一次文戈進(jìn)去了。那女孩一定要他跟他們坐在一起。他好像很害羞，要了杯不加牛奶的清咖啡，在年輕人喋喋不休地議論著露宿沙灘的樂趣時，他卻緊張不安地在抽煙。回到車上以后，那女孩又跟文戈坐在了一起。過了一會兒，他慢吞吞地、不勝心酸地講起了他的身世。他在紐約坐了四年牢，現(xiàn)在要回家了?！蹦阌刑珕?？“ ”不知道?！?”你不知道？“她問。

”是這樣的，我在坐牢的時候曾寫信給我妻子，“他說?！蔽腋嬖V她我要離開很長一段時間，要是她受不了，要是孩子們老是問這問那，要是這事太讓她傷心，那她可以干脆忘掉我。我會理解的。我說，再找個男人，忘掉我吧，——她是個很好的女人，真的挺不錯。我告訴她不必給我寫信。她沒有寫。三年半沒有給我寫信?！? ”你現(xiàn)在什么也不知道就這樣回家？“ ”嗯，“他羞答答地說?！编?，上個禮拜，當(dāng)我得知我的假釋即將獲準(zhǔn)時，我又給她寫了封信。我們過去一直住在杰克遜維爾不遠(yuǎn)的布倫斯威克，就在鎮(zhèn)口有一棵大橡樹。我告訴她，要是她沒有別的男人，要是她還想讓我回去，就在樹上系一條黃手絹，我就會下車回家。要是她不要我，就當(dāng)沒這回事好了——不要系手絹，我就跟著汽車一直到底?！? ”哇，“女孩子叫了起來?！蓖?。" 她告訴了別的人，很快大家全知道了，大家全都關(guān)注著布倫斯威克的到來。他們看著文戈拿給他們的幾張照片，是他妻子和三個孩子的照片——從那幾張觸摸過多的快照上看，那女人自有一種樸實的美，孩子們還沒有發(fā)育成熟。

他們離布倫斯威克只有二十英里了，年輕人都坐到了車右邊靠窗的座位上，等待著那棵大橡樹的出現(xiàn)。文戈不再張望，他繃緊臉，仿佛正在鼓足勇氣準(zhǔn)備迎接另一次失望似的。

離布倫斯威克只有十英里了，只有五英里了。突然，所有年輕人都從座位上站了起來，尖叫著，呼喊著，大聲嚷嚷著，跳起了歡樂的舞蹈。只有文戈除外。

文戈坐在那兒望著橡樹驚呆了。樹上掛滿了黃手絹——二十條，三十條，或許有幾百條，一棵樹立在那兒就像歡迎的旗幟在迎風(fēng)招展。在年輕人的歡呼聲中，這位前犯人慢吞吞地從座位上站起來，向車子前部走去，準(zhǔn)備回家。